An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.
A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant fatty acids found in animal lipids. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds.
Oils derived from plants or plant products.
Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain two double bonds.
A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.
(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.
Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position.
A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds.
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.
Unsaturated fats or oils used in foods or as a food.
Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.
A family of enzymes that catalyze the stereoselective, regioselective, or chemoselective syn-dehydrogenation reactions. They function by a mechanism that is linked directly to reduction of molecular OXYGEN.
A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.
Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain three double bonds.
The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes.
A major protein fraction of milk obtained from the WHEY.
Eighteen carbon fatty acids that comprise the great majority of CASTOR OIL, which is from the seed of RICINUS.
12-Carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.
A fatty acid that is found in plants and involved in the formation of prostaglandins.
Intracellular proteins that reversibly bind hydrophobic ligands including: saturated and unsaturated FATTY ACIDS; EICOSANOIDS; and RETINOIDS. They are considered a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed family of proteins that may play a role in the metabolism of LIPIDS.
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of oleoyl-CoA, A, and water from stearoyl-CoA, AH2, and oxygen where AH2 is an unspecified hydrogen donor.
Serum albumin from cows, commonly used in in vitro biological studies. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Sorbitan mono-9-octadecanoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives; complex mixtures of polyoxyethylene ethers used as emulsifiers or dispersing agents in pharmaceuticals.
Important polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families.
Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.
Long chain organic acid molecules that must be obtained from the diet. Examples are LINOLEIC ACIDS and LINOLENIC ACIDS.
Substances which are of little or no therapeutic value, but are necessary in the manufacture, compounding, storage, etc., of pharmaceutical preparations or drug dosage forms. They include SOLVENTS, diluting agents, and suspending agents, and emulsifying agents. Also, ANTIOXIDANTS; PRESERVATIVES, PHARMACEUTICAL; COLORING AGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; VEHICLES; EXCIPIENTS; OINTMENT BASES.
The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.
Blocking of a blood vessel by fat deposits in the circulation. It is often seen after fractures of large bones or after administration of CORTICOSTEROIDS.
Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.
C22-unsaturated fatty acids found predominantly in FISH OILS.
An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.
Compounds with three contiguous nitrogen atoms in linear format, H2N-N=NH, and hydrocarbyl derivatives.
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
S-Acyl coenzyme A. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivatives that are involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation.
Microbodies which occur in animal and plant cells and in certain fungi and protozoa. They contain peroxidase, catalase, and allied enzymes. (From Singleton and Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed)
A positively charged protein found in peripheral nervous system MYELIN. Sensitive immunological techniques have demonstrated that P2 is expressed in small amounts of central nervous system myelin sheaths of some species. It is an antigen for experimental allergic neuritis (NEURITIS, EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC), the peripheral nervous system counterpart of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. (From Siegel et al., Basic Neurochemistry, 5th ed, p133)
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.
Unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or easily liquefiable on warming, and are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behavior on heating, they are volatile or fixed. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Fatty acid esters of cholesterol which constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis.
An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of cytidylate (CMP) to choline phosphate to form CDPcholine. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in the choline pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. Its activity is increased by glucocorticoids. EC 2.7.7.15.
A class of lipoproteins that carry dietary CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES from the SMALL INTESTINE to the tissues. Their density (0.93-1.006 g/ml) is the same as that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.
Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.
Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Addition of hydrogen to a compound, especially to an unsaturated fat or fatty acid. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
The circulation in a portion of the body of one individual of blood supplied from another individual.
An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.
Oil from soybean or soybean plant.
Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.
Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.
A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.
GLYCEROL esterified with FATTY ACIDS.
The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.
Major structural proteins of triacylglycerol-rich LIPOPROTEINS. There are two forms, apolipoprotein B-100 and apolipoprotein B-48, both derived from a single gene. ApoB-100 expressed in the liver is found in low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). ApoB-48 expressed in the intestine is found in CHYLOMICRONS. They are important in the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Plasma Apo-B levels are high in atherosclerotic patients but non-detectable in ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA.
A class of lipoproteins of very light (0.93-1.006 g/ml) large size (30-80 nm) particles with a core composed mainly of TRIGLYCERIDES and a surface monolayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL into which are imbedded the apolipoproteins B, E, and C. VLDL facilitates the transport of endogenously made triglycerides to extrahepatic tissues. As triglycerides and Apo C are removed, VLDL is converted to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS from which cholesterol is delivered to the extrahepatic tissues.
Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.
Artificial respiration (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) using an oxygenated fluid.
A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units in an alpha (1-6) glycosidic linkage.
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on left ventricular function in the rat isolated perfused heart: possible mechanisms for a decline in cardiac function. (1/1584)

1. The cardiac depressant actions of TNF were investigated in the isolated perfused rat heart under constant flow (10 ml min(-1)) and constant pressure (70 mmHg) conditions, using a recirculating (50 ml) mode of perfusion. 2. Under constant flow conditions TNF (20 ng ml(-1)) caused an early (< 25 min) decrease in left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), which was maintained for 90 min (LVDP after 90 min: control vs TNF; 110 +/- 4 vs 82 +/- 10 mmHg, P < 0.01). 3. The depression in cardiac function seen with TNF under constant flow conditions, was blocked by the ceramidase inhibitor N-oleoylethanolamine (NOE), 1 microM, (LVDP after 90 min: TNF vs TNF with NOE; 82 +/- 10 vs 11 +/- 5 mmHg, P < 0.05). 4. In hearts perfused at constant pressure, TNF caused a decrease in coronary flow rate (change in flow 20 min after TNF: control vs TNF; -3.0 +/- 0.9 vs -8.7 +/- 1.2 ml min(-1), P < 0.01). This was paralleled by a negative inotropic effect (change in LVDP 20 min after TNF: control vs TNF; -17 +/- 7 vs -46 +/- 6 mmHg, P < 0.01). The decline in function was more rapid and more severe than that seen under conditions of constant flow. 5. These data indicate that cardiac function can be disrupted by TNF on two levels, firstly via a direct, ceramidase dependant negative inotropic effect, and secondly via an indirect coronary vasoconstriction.  (+info)

Effect of ornithine and lactate on urea synthesis in isolated hepatocytes. (2/1584)

1. In hepatocytes isolated from 24 h-starved rats, urea production from ammonia was stimulated by addition of lactate, in both the presence and the absence of ornithine. The relationship of lactate concentration to the rate of urea synthesis was hyperbolic. 2. Other glucose precursors also stimulated urea production to varying degrees, but none more than lactate. Added oleate and butyrate did not stimulate urea synthesis. 3. Citrulline accumulation was largely dependent on ornithine concentration. As ornithine was increased from 0 to 40 mM, the rate of citrulline accumulation increased hyperbolically, and was half-maximal when ornithine was 8-12 mM. 4. The rate of citrulline accumulation was independent of the presence of lactate, but with pyruvate the rate increased. 5. The rate of urea production continued to increase as ornithine was varied from 0 to 40 mM. 6. It was concluded that intermediates provided by both ornithine and lactate are limiting for urea production from ammonia in isolated liver cells. It was suggested that the stimulatory effect of lactate lies in increased availability of cytosolic aspartate for condensation with citrulline.  (+info)

Comparison of metabolism of free fatty acid by isolated perfused livers from male and female rats. (3/1584)

Livers from normal, fed male and female rats were perfused with different amounts of [1-14C]oleate under steady state conditions, and the rates of uptake and utilization of free fatty acid (FFA) were measured. The uptake of FFA by livers from either male or female rats was proportional to the concentration of FFA in the medium. The rate of uptake of FFA, per g of liver, by livers from female rats exceeded that of the males for the same amount of FFA infused. The incorporation by the liver of exogenous oleic acid into triglyceride, phospholipid, and oxidation products was proportional to the uptake of FFA. Livers from female rats incorporated more oleate into triglyceride (TG) and less into phospholipid (PL) and oxidation products than did livers from male animals. Livers from female rats secreted more TG than did livers from male animals when infused with equal quantities of oleate. The incorporation of endogenous fatty acid into TG of the perfusate was inhibite) by exogenous oleate. At low concentrations of perfusate FFA, however, endogenous fatty acids contributed substantially to the increased output of TG by livers from female animals. Production of 14CO2 and radioactive ketone bodies increased with increasing uptake of FFA. The partition of oleate between oxidative pathways (CO2 production and ketogenesis) was modified by the availability of the fatty acid substrate with livers from either sex. The percent incorporation of radioactivity into CO2 reached a maximum, whereas incorporation into ketone bodies continued to increase. The output of ketone bodies was dependent on the uptake of FFA, and output by livers from female animals was less than by livers from male rats. The increase in rate of ketogenesis was dependent on the influx of exogenous FFA, while ketogenesis from endogenous sources remained relatively stable. The output of glucose by the liver increased with the uptake of FFA, but no difference due to sex was observed. The output of urea by livers from male rats was unaffected by oleate, while the output of urea by livers from females decreased as the uptake of FFA increased. A major conclusion to be derived from this work is that oleate is not metabolized identically by livers from the two sexes, but rather, per gram of liver, livers from female rats take up and esterify more fatty acid to TG and oxidize less than do livers from male animals; livers from female animals synthesize and secrete more triglyceride than do livers from male animals when provided with equal quantities of free fatty acid.  (+info)

Fatty acid translocase/CD36 mediates the uptake of palmitate by type II pneumocytes. (4/1584)

Type II pneumocytes, which synthesize, store, and secrete pulmonary surfactant, require exogenous fatty acids, in particular palmitic acid, for maximum surfactant synthesis. The uptake of palmitate by type II pneumocytes is thought to be protein mediated, but the protein involved has not been characterized. Here we show by RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis that rat type II pneumocytes express the mRNA for fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), a membrane-associated protein that is known to facilitate the uptake of fatty acids into adipocytes. The deduced amino acid sequence from rat type II pneumocytes reveals 98% identity to the FAT/CD36 sequence obtained from rat adipocytes. The uptake of palmitate by type II pneumocytes follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Michaelis-Menten constant = 11.9 +/- 1.8 nM; maximum velocity = 62.7 +/- 5.8 pmol. min(-1). 5 x 10(5) pneumocytes(-1)) and decreases reversibly under conditions of ATP depletion to 35% of control uptake. Incubation of cells at 0 degrees C inhibited the uptake of palmitate almost completely, whereas depletion of potassium was without effect. Preincubation of the cells with bromobimane or phloretin decreases the uptake of palmitate significantly as does preincubation with sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate, the specific inhibitor of FAT/CD36 (C. M. Harmon, P. Luce, A. H. Beth, and N. A. Abumrad. J. Membr. Biol. 121: 261-268, 1991). From these data, we conclude that FAT/CD36 is expressed in type II pneumocytes and mediates the uptake of palmitate in a saturable and energy-dependent manner. The data suggest that the uptake process is independent of the formation of coated pits and endocytotic vesicles.  (+info)

Production in vitro by the cytochrome P450 CYP94A1 of major C18 cutin monomers and potential messengers in plant-pathogen interactions: enantioselectivity studies. (5/1584)

The major C(18) cutin monomers are 18-hydroxy-9,10-epoxystearic and 9,10,18-trihydroxystearic acids. These compounds are also known messengers in plant-pathogen interactions. We have previously shown that their common precursor 9,10-epoxystearic acid was formed by the epoxidation of oleic acid in Vicia sativa microsomes (Pinot, Salaun, Bosch, Lesot, Mioskowski and Durst (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 184, 183-193). Here we determine the chirality of the epoxide produced as (9R,10S) and (9S,10R) in the ratio 90:10 respectively. We further show that microsomes from yeast expressing the cytochrome P450 CYP94A1 are capable of hydroxylating the methyl terminus of 9,10-epoxystearic and 9,10-dihydroxystearic acids in the presence of NADPH to form the corresponding 18-hydroxy derivatives. The reactions were not catalysed by microsomes from yeast transformed with a void plasmid or in absence of NADPH. After incubation of a synthetic racemic mixture of 9,10-epoxystearic acid with microsomes of yeast expressing CYP94A1, the chirality of the residual epoxide was shifted to 66:34 in favour of the (9S,10R) enantiomer. Both enantiomers were incubated separately and V(max)/K(m) values of 16 and 3.42 ml/min per nmol of P450 for (9R, 10S) and (9S,10R) respectively were determined, demonstrating that CYP94A1 is enantioselective for the (9R,10S) enantiomer, which is preferentially formed in V. sativa microsomes. Compared with the epoxide, the diol 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid was a much poorer substrate for the omega-hydroxylase, with a measured V(max)/K(m) of 0.33 ml/min per nmol of P450. Our results indicate that the activity of CYP94A1 is strongly influenced by the stereochemistry of the 9, 10-epoxide and the nature of substituents on carbons 9 and 10, with V(max)/K(m) values for epoxide>>oleic acid>diol.  (+info)

Dietary marine algae (Schizochytrium sp.) increases concentrations of conjugated linoleic, docosahexaenoic and transvaccenic acids in milk of dairy cows. (6/1584)

Modification of milk fat to contain long-chain (n-3) fatty acids and increased concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid has potential for improving health of consumers. Natural modification of milk through nutritional manipulation of diets for dairy cows is preferable to post-harvest modification. The objectives of this study were to increase the concentrations of beneficial fatty acids in milk fat by feeding a diet rich in (n-3) fatty acids from algae to dairy cows. Cows were fed a control diet, a diet containing algae (Schizochytrium sp.) protected against ruminal biohydrogenation, or a diet containing unprotected algae for 6 wk. Feed intake and milk production were recorded daily. Milk samples were obtained weekly for analysis of milk composition and profile of fatty acids. Percentage of fat in milk of cows fed algae was lower (P < 0.01) than in milk from cows fed the control diet; however, energy-corrected milk production did not differ (P > 0.05). Inclusion of algae in diets decreased (P < 0.01) feed intake. Milk fat from cows fed algae contained greater (P < 0.01) concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid, (n-3) fatty acids (particularly docosahexaenoic acid), and transvaccenic acid. Concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid were greater (P < 0.01) in milk fat from cows fed protected algae compared to milk fat from cows fed unprotected algae. Milk fat from cows fed algae contained lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of total saturated fatty acids compared to cows fed the control diet. In conclusion, milk fat can be modified through nutritional management of dairy cows to provide more favorable fatty acids for consumers.  (+info)

The preventive effects of incomplete Freund's adjuvant and other vehicles on the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in Lewis rats. (7/1584)

The present study showed a novel finding that the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in Lewis rats was completely prevented by incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) injected 21 or 28 days before complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) challenge. Hexadecane also completely prevented AA and squalane, methyl oleate and pristane moderately prevented AA, though pristane by itself induced mild arthritis in two out of five rats. Concanavalin A-stimulated lymph node cells (LNCs) isolated from AA rats were able to adoptively transfer the severe polyarthritis to all the naive recipients or even to the IFA pretreated recipients with earlier onset and more rapid progression than those of AA. The LNCs from the donors who had been pretreated with IFA and subsequently challenged with CFA could induce mild arthritis in only two out of eight naive recipients, whereas all the recipients who were challenged with CFA immediately after intravenous injection of these LNCs developed significantly less severe arthritis. However, the LNCs from IFA-pretreated donors failed to prevent AA. According to the T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 paradigm, it was suggested that the adjuvant-active vehicles such as IFA, hexadecane, squalane, methyl oleate and pristane, can affect and deviate the Th1/Th2 balance of immune responses in host. CFA could promote the propagation of Th2 cells rather than Th1 cells in these vehicle-pretreated rats through as yet undetermined mechanisms, eventually resulting in the prevention of AA. Finally, we discussed a regulatory role of adjuvant vehicles for induction and suppression of AA.  (+info)

Adipose tissue triacylglycerols of rats are modulated differently by dietary isomeric octadecenoic acids from coriander oil and high oleic sunflower oil. (8/1584)

Earlier feeding studies of rats revealed that petroselinic acid [18:1(n-12)] from triacylglycerols of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) oil is extensively incorporated into the lipids of heart and liver and metabolized via beta-oxidation and chain elongation. We report here the composition and stereospecific distribution of acyl moieties, particularly isomeric octadecenoyl moieties, in adipose tissue triacylglycerols of male weaned Wistar rats fed diets containing, in addition to 20 g corn oil/kg feed, 120 g coriander oil per kg feed at a level of 63 g 18:1(n-12) moieties/100 g acyl moieties of the oil for 10 wk. For comparison, a group of rats was fed a similar corn oil-containing isocaloric diet with large proportions of oleoyl moieties [18:1(n-9)] from high oleic sunflower oil [72 g 18:1(n-9)/100 g acyl moieties of the oil]. The composition of the triacylglycerols of epididymal, subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissues was very similar for each feeding group, broadly reflecting the composition of the dietary oils. Feeding coriander oil, compared with high oleic sunflower oil, led to extensive incorporation of 18:1(n-12) into the triacylglycerols of the adipose tissues with a concomitant significantly and dramatically lower 18:1(n-9) concentration and, as a consequence, to the generation of triacylglycerol species containing 18:1(n-12) moieties. Petroselinoyl moieties from coriander oil were esterified predominantly at the sn-1,3 positions of the adipose tissue triacylglycerols; 18:1(n-9) moieties from high oleic sunflower oil were fairly evenly distributed between the sn-1,3 and sn-2 positions. We suggest that acyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of adipose tissue triacylglycerols direct 18:1(n-12) moieties preferentially to sn-1,3-positions.  (+info)

Fat embolism is a condition that occurs when fat droplets enter the bloodstream and get stuck in a blood vessel, causing a blockage. This can lead to serious complications, such as respiratory failure or death.

Causes of Fat Embolism
---------------------

Fat embolism can occur due to various reasons, including:

* Trauma or injury: A blow to the body can cause fat droplets to enter the bloodstream.
* Surgery: Certain surgeries, such as hip replacement or knee replacement, can disrupt the fat tissue and cause it to enter the bloodstream.
* Cancer: Some types of cancer, such as multiple myeloma or osteosarcoma, can cause fat embolism.
* Bone fractures: A fracture in a bone can cause fat droplets to enter the bloodstream.

Symptoms of Fat Embolism
-------------------------

The symptoms of fat embolism can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include:

* Shortness of breath
* Chest pain or discomfort
* Rapid heart rate
* Coughing up blood
* Confusion or altered mental state
* Weakness or numbness in the legs
* Seizures

Diagnosis and Treatment of Fat Embolism
---------------------------------------

Diagnosing fat embolism can be challenging, as it may resemble other conditions such as pulmonary embolism or pneumonia. However, a doctor may use various tests, including:

* Chest X-ray: To look for signs of fluid accumulation in the lungs.
* CT scan: To visualize the fat droplets in the blood vessels.
* Blood tests: To check for signs of inflammation or infection.

Treatment for fat embolism typically involves supportive care, such as:

* Oxygen therapy: To help improve oxygen levels in the body.
* Pain management: To relieve chest pain and discomfort.
* Antibiotics: To prevent or treat any secondary infections.
* Medications to dissolve blood clots: To prevent further complications.

In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the fat droplets from the blood vessels.

Prevention of Fat Embolism
------------------------

Preventing fat embolism can be challenging, as it is a rare condition that can occur unexpectedly. However, there are some measures that may help reduce the risk, such as:

* Maintaining a healthy weight: To reduce the amount of fat that can enter the bloodstream.
* Exercising regularly: To improve circulation and reduce the risk of blood clots.
* Avoiding long periods of immobility: To reduce the risk of blood clots forming in the legs.

Conclusion
----------

Fat embolism is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that can occur when fat enters the bloodstream and causes blockages in the blood vessels. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. If you suspect you or someone else may have fat embolism, seek medical attention immediately.

Symptoms of pulmonary edema may include:

* Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
* Coughing up frothy sputum
* Chest pain or tightness
* Fatigue
* Confusion or disorientation

Pulmonary edema can be diagnosed through physical examination, chest x-rays, electrocardiogram (ECG), and blood tests. Treatment options include oxygen therapy, diuretics, and medications to manage underlying conditions such as heart failure or sepsis. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide mechanical ventilation.

Prevention measures for pulmonary edema include managing underlying medical conditions, avoiding exposure to pollutants and allergens, and seeking prompt medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

In summary, pulmonary edema is a serious condition that can impair lung function and lead to shortness of breath, chest pain, and other respiratory symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and improve outcomes for patients with this condition.

In effect, stearic acid is dehydrogenated to give the monounsaturated derivative, oleic acid. Oleic acid undergoes the ... A reaction that converts oleic acid to elaidic acid is called elaidinization. Another naturally occurring isomer of oleic acid ... Oleic acid is used as a soldering flux in stained glass work for joining lead came. Oleic acid is widely used in the solution ... Fatty acids (or their salts) often do not occur as such in biological systems. Instead fatty acids such as oleic acid occur as ...
The most prevalent fatty acids include: palmitic acid, 17.3% of total fatty acids; stearic acid, 7.16%; oleic acid, 40.27%; and ... There are 4.46 g of organic acids per 100 g of dry mushrooms, including oxalic acid (0.78 g), malic acid (2.71 g), citric acid ... The proportion of fatty acids (expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids) are 28.78% saturated, 41.51% monounsaturated, ... 0.55 g), and fumaric acid (0.23 g). Mushrooms have 22.6 mg/100 g dw of the phenolic compound 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 15.8 mg ...
Oleic acid max. acidity not exceeding 0,6 grams per 100 grams of oil; Panel Test score: ≥ 6.5; Number of peroxides: ≤ 14 Meq O2 ... K270: ≤ 1.50; Oleic Acid: 68.00% and 85.00%; Polyphenols: ≥ 100 p.p.m. Italian products with protected designation of origin ...
The proportion of fatty acids (expressed as a % of total fatty acids) are: palmitic acid, 10%; stearic acid, 3%; oleic acid, 36 ... The fruit bodies contain numerous polyphenols, especially a high content of rosmarinic acid, and organic acids (such as oxalic ... and linoleic acid, 42%. A comparative study of the amino acid composition of eleven Portuguese wild edible mushroom species ... Ribeiro B, Andrade PB, Silva BM, Baptista P, Seabra RM, Valento P (2008). "Comparative study on free amino acid composition of ...
... maximum acidity in total expressed in oleic acid, in weight, not exceeding grams 0,6 per 100 grams of oil; number of peroxides ... minimum oleic acid 68%. Food portal Italy portal Appellation Country of origin European Union Common Agricultural Policy ...
It is the trans isomer of oleic acid. The name of the elaidinization reaction comes from elaidic acid. Its name comes from the ... Elaidic acid increases plasma cholesterylester transfer protein (CETP) activity which lowers HDL cholesterol. Oleic acid Tardy ... "Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity is increased when trans-elaidic acid is substituted for cis-oleic acid in ... Elaidic acid is a chemical compound with the formula C 18H 34O 2, specifically the fatty acid with structural formula HO(O=)C-( ...
... "convert oleic acid (18:1n-9) into linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3)". Linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic ... Δ9 desaturase produces oleic acid (C18H34O2; 18:1-n9) by desaturating stearic acid (SA: C18H36O2; 18:0), a saturated fatty acid ... synthesized from α-linolenic acid); arachidonic acid and adrenic acid (synthesized from linoleic acid). This is a multi-stage ... and α-Linolenic acid (ALA: C18H30O2; 18:3-n3), creating γ-linolenic acid (GLA: C18H30O2,18:3-n6) and stearidonic acid (SDA: ...
Composed predominantly of oleic and lanoleic acids. Oleomargarine - Olive oil - used in cooking - cosmetics - soaps and as a ... Common food acids include vinegar, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, folic acid, fumaric acid, and lactic acid. Acidity ... Citranaxanthin - color Citric acid - food acid Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids - emulsifier Citrus ... Phosphated distarch phosphate - thickener, vegetable gum Phosphoric acid - food acid Phytic acid - preservative Pigment Rubine ...
The principal product of SCD is oleic acid, which is formed by desaturation of stearic acid. The ratio of stearic acid to oleic ... This is how the monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid is produced from the saturated fatty acid stearic acid. A series of redox ... Cyclopropene acid Fatty acid desaturase Fatty acid synthesis GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000099194 - Ensembl, May 2017 ... Nagai, J.; Bloch, Konrad (1965-09-01). "Synthesis of Oleic Acid by Euglena gracilis". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 240 (9 ...
1032 DuPont Pioneer created a high oleic fatty acid soybean with levels of oleic acid greater than 80%, and started marketing ... 1030 Genetic modifications increased the amount of oleic acid and stearic acid and decreased the amount of linolenic acid.: ... Dordrecht, NL: Springer Press Anthony, Kinney J.; Susan Knowlton (1998). "Designer Oils: The High Oleic Acid Soybean". In ... These amino acids are called "essential" because animals cannot make them; only plants and micro-organisms can make them and ...
A further byproduct called tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) is a cheap source of oleic acid. Tamanu or foraha oil from the ... Brazil nut oil contains 75% unsaturated fatty acids composed mainly of oleic and linolenic acids, as well as the phytosterol, ... with smaller amounts of oleic acid (20%) and palmitic acid (7%). It has varied applications in cosmetics manufacturing and for ... Composed predominantly of oleic and linoleic acids. The greenish yellow edible oil has a pleasant taste and odor. Papaya seed ...
Oleic acid is one of their undertaking triggers. A. mexicana is found in Mexico (where is commonly called hormiga chicatana, ...
Oleic acid Funakoshi, Hideo; Matuura, Ryohei (October 1964). "Peptizing Action of Some Polar Substances on the Benzene Solution ...
It contains vitamins and has a high content of oleic acid. The oil from the seeds is traditionally used to soften and protect ... Murumuru butter contains lauric, myristic, and oleic acids. The fruit contains a white butter that is odorless and tasteless ...
Chosen because of its wealth of oleic acid. Etiqueta Negra (Black Label): acorn-fed ham. Red Label (Etiqueta Roja): Acorn-fed ...
Oleic acid vesicles represent good models of membrane protocells that could have existed in prebiotic times. Electrostatic ... Douliez, Jean-Paul; Zhendre, Vanessa; Grélard, Axelle; Dufourc, Erick J. (24 November 2014). "Aminosilane/Oleic Acid Vesicles ... "Prebiotic amino acids bind to and stabilize prebiotic fatty acid membranes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. ... Fatty acids have been synthesized in laboratories under a variety of prebiotic conditions and have been found on meteorites, ...
"Densities and Viscosities of Oleic Acid at Atmospheric Pressure". Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. Wiley. 96 (6 ...
Elaidic acid has 18 carbons and is a trans-9-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. It is also a trans isomer of oleic acid. C17H33CO2H, ... List of saturated fatty acids Carboxylic acid List of carboxylic acids Dicarboxylic acid Simopoulos, Artemis P. (2002). "Omega‐ ... Cervonic acid (or docosahexaenoic acid) has 22 carbons, is found in fish oil, is a 4,7,10,13,16,19-hexa unsaturated fatty acid ... β-eleostearic acid (beta-eleostearic's, beta-eleostearic acid) is a geometric isomer of α- eleostearic acid. IUPAC organization ...
These acyl groups include oleic acid and linoleic acid. Due to this composition, cardiolipin exhibits a conical structure, ... methylglutaconic acid, 3‐methylglutaric acid, and 2‐ethyl-hydracrylic acid. While 3-MGA is largely excreted in BTHS patients, ... TAZ interacts with an immature cardiolipin by adding the fatty acid linoleic acid, which catalyzes the remodeling of the ... The putative phospholipid-binding site, which is the active site of Tafazzin, is a 57 amino acid cleft with two open ends and ...
They contained linoleic acid (40%) and oleic acid (30%). As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can ... The oil content and methyl esters of fatty acids of the seed were also examined. ...
Besides petroselinic acid, oleic acid has been shown to be present in all cases examined. Fatty acids mostly occur as their ... Despite its name, petroselinic acid does not contain any selenium. Petroselinic acid is a positional isomer of oleic acid. ... In Picramniaceae, petroselinic acid is accompanied by tariric acid. In addition, petroselinic acid has been found in minor ... The trans isomer of petroselinic acid is called petroselaidic acid. In chemical analysis, petroselinic acid can be separated ...
On the contrary, oleic acid remained in capsules during the back-extraction when an extractant was saturated with oleic acid. ... Dibutyl sebacate and oleic acid formed liquid cores in capsules because they do not diffuse away from capsules and have ... Dibutyl sebacate or oleic acid as liquid core extracted geldanamycin well. The bigger agitation and thinner capsule membrane ... Since dibutyl sebacate and oleic acid were different affinity for drugs, they were used concurrently. Four drugs were extracted ...
It includes a mixture of triglycerides in which about 90% of fatty acids are ricinoleates. Oleic acid and linoleic acid are the ... Castor oil is well known as a source of ricinoleic acid, a monounsaturated, 18-carbon fatty acid. Among fatty acids, ricinoleic ... and the dicarboxylic acid sebacic acid. Hydrogenation of castor oil saturates the alkenes, giving a waxy lubricant. Castor oil ... In this process, the OH group on the ricinoleic acid along with a hydrogen from the next carbon atom are removed yielding a ...
... usually contains predominantly a dimer of oleic acid. It is also called C36 dimer acid. Trimer acid is a ... Dimer acids, or dimerized fatty acids, are dicarboxylic acids prepared by dimerizing unsaturated fatty acids obtained from tall ... Dimer fatty acids are produced from different fatty acids by heating. Necessary are a fatty acid with conjugated double bonds ... Examples of such fatty acids are conjugated linoleic acids. The reaction is carried out via Diels-Alder addition, whereby a ...
... is derived from polyethoxylated sorbitan and oleic acid. The hydrophilic groups in this compound are polyethers ... the oleic acid (see polysorbate for more detail). The full chemical names for polysorbate 80 are: Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan ...
... oleic acid; 5-11% linoleic acid; 7.5-10% palmitic acid; 1.5-3% stearic acid - the ratios are similar to that found in wild ... Another analysis of several cultivars found : 82-84% unsaturated acids of which 68-77% oleic acid; and 7-14% polyunsaturated ... Yang, Chunying; Liu, Xueming; Chen, Zhiyi; Lin, Yaosheng; Wang, Siyuan (2016), "Comparison of Oil Content and Fatty Acid ... "Fatty acid composition of Camellia oleifera oil", Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, 6 (11): 9-12, doi: ...
The oil contains lauric acid (36%) and oleic acid (41%). Date palm seeds contain 0.56-5.4% lauric acid. They can also be ... of pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, and the dietary minerals magnesium, manganese, and potassium, with other micronutrients in low ... processed chemically as a source of oxalic acid. Date seeds are also ground and used in the manner of coffee beans, or as an ...
It is high in oleic and palmitic fatty acids (table). Açai oil is widely used for cooking and as a salad dressing. In cosmetics ... syringic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and ferulic acid as well as (+)-catechin and numerous procyanidin ... The oil is rich in phenolic compounds similar in profile to the pulp itself, such as vanillic acid, ...
... oleic, lignoceric, stearic, palmitic and myristic acids; nyctanthic acid; 3,4-secotriterpene acid; and a water-soluble ... oleanolic acid, nyctanthic acid, tannic acid, ascorbic acid, methyl salicylate, an amorphous glycoside, an amorphous resin, ... trace of volatile oil, carotene, friedeline, lupeol, mannitol, glucose, fructose, iridoid glycosides, and benzoic acid.[ ...
... oleic, linoleic, and arachidic; stearic and oleic acids constitute 85-90% of the fatty acids. Though a fat, it is not extracted ... The product that is extracted as fat from the kernel of the shea nuts, which has five primary fatty acids namely, palmitic, ... The shea butter produced in the Mossi plateau region of Burkina Faso has higher average stearic acid percentage and is thus ...
Pedersen Plenish high oleic acid soybean oil Building 356 Potassium titanyl phosphate frequency doubling crystals for eye and ... Reliance herbicides Londax Preemergent herbicides Glean herbicides Accent post-emergent corn herbicide Plenish high oleic acid ... Diamine dicarboxylic acid salt' issued and U.S. Patent 2,130,948 'Synthetic fibers', all issued 20 September 1938 D. Tanner, J ... 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides Sulfonylurea herbicides and preemergent herbicides Ludox colloidal silica Vazo free ...
The oil's fatty acid composition is dominated by linoleic acid (64.5%) and oleic acid (17.1%). "Squashes, Gourds and Pumpkins ...
The majority of this total was oleic acid (1.95%), followed by linoleic acid (1.68%) and palmitic acid (1.69%). Other red- ... 121-2. ISBN 978-0-472-03126-9. León-Guzmán MF, Silva I, López MG (1997). "Proximate chemical composition, free amino acid ... The free fatty acid content of dried fruit bodies was 4.5%, slightly more than the common button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), ... contents, and free fatty acid contents of some wild edible mushrooms from Querétaro, México". Journal of Agricultural and Food ...
... expressed as oleic acid, the main fatty acid present in olive oil) in 100 grams of oil. As defined by the European Commission ... The presence of free fatty acids in olive oil is caused by a reaction (lipolysis) started when lipolytic enzymes (that are ... The increase of free acidity in olive oil is due to free fatty acids that are released from triglycerides. ... is an important parameter that defines the quality of olive oil and is defined as a percentage as grams of free fatty acids ( ...
... unsaturated fatty acids composed of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids. It can be used as an emollient. The value of ... The oil extracted from the pulp contains 25.6% saturated fatty acids and 74.4% ...
The fungus also contains various fatty acids, notably myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, alpha-linolenic, and linoeic acid. ...
Oleic Acid isolated from Cerbera manghas are known to have effective controlling activities against termites. "Cryptotermes - ... Tarmadi, Didi; Himmi, S. Khoirul; Yusuf, Sulaeman (2014). "The Efficacy of the Oleic Acid Isolated from Cerbera Manghas L. Seed ...
In the following content, the expressions "fatty acids" and "acid" below refer to esters rather than carboxylic acids. The ... "Safflower oil, salad or cooking, high oleic, primary commerce, fat composition, 100 g". US National Nutrient Database, Release ... while other significant saturated fats are myristic acid (16.7 g), palmitic acid (8.6 g), and caprylic acid (6.8 g). ... Lauric acid, a 12-carbon chain fatty acid, is often removed because of its high value for industrial and medical purposes. The ...
... is a fatty acid ester formed by the condensation of oleic acid and ethanol. It is a colorless oil although ... By the process of ethenolysis, the methyl ester of oleic acid, converts to 1-decene and methyl 9-decenoate: CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2) ... 2002). "Fatty acid ethyl esters: recent observations". Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids. 67 (2-3): 193- ... Dan L, Laposata M (1997). "Ethyl palmitate and ethyl oleate are the predominant fatty acid ethyl esters in the blood after ...
The oil content of the seeds is 17-19% (w/w), consisting of 67-73% linoleic acid, 10-16% oleic acid, 5-8% stearic acid, and 9- ... Oleic and linoleic acids isolated from C. colocynthis petroleum ether extracts show larvicidal activity against mosquitoes. ... Rahuman, A. Abdul; Venkatesan, P.; Gopalakrishnan, Geetha (2008). "Mosquito larvicidal activity of oleic and linoleic acids ... In addition, the seeds contain a high amount of arginine, tryptophan, and the sulfur-containing amino acids.[citation needed] ...
... erucic acid and 12% oleic acid); it has about 21% polyunsaturated fats (6% the omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid and 15% the omega-6 ... Erucic acid may have toxic effects on the heart at high doses. An association between the consumption of dietary erucic acid ... In High and Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils. Elsevier. p. 560. Food Standards Australia New Zealand (June 2003) Erucic acid in ... Varieties of mustard seed also exist that are low in erucic acid. Oil makes up about 30% of mustard seeds. It can be produced ...
Under severe conditions of essential fatty acid deprivation, mammals will elongate and desaturate oleic acid to make mead acid ... Two fatty acids, linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, are considered essential fatty acids (EFAs) in humans and other ... Mead acid, also referred to as eicosatrienoic acid, is chemically a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and three methylene- ... Both are 18 carbon fatty acids unlike mead acid, which has 20 carbons. Linoleic is an ω-6 fatty acid whereas linolenic is ω-3 ...
... which restores the inflamed skin barrier and balances out the oleic acid that's naturally abundant in the sebum of acne ... The high linoleic acid content of Kalahari melon seed oil also gives it a lightweight, non-greasy texture. The Kalahari melon ... Fatty acids present in Kalahari melon oil Phytosterols are present in the oil, including β-sitosterol (485.49 mg/100 g), ... Kalahari melon oil is the only oil that contains polyunsaturated fatty acids which are also stable, primarily because it ...
Figure 2 of the esterification reaction with one molecule of free cholesterol, oleic acid, catalyzed by acyl-CoA: cholesterol ... This enzyme participates in bile acid biosynthesis. Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase EC 2.3.1.26, more simply referred to ... ACAT is an important enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis. In nearly all mammalian cells, ACAT catalyzes the intracellular ...
... the honor society of the Boy Scouts of America Office automation Oleic acid, a fatty acid Open access, the free online ...
A later study in 2000, ascertained that oleic acid, a C18:1 fatty acid, is a cofactor that binds to MAL forming HAMLET. This ... an enzyme that introduces a double bond in the fatty acid stearic acid. The fact that SCD is commonly overexpressed in cancer ... This 25 amino acid peptide, in contrast to the majority of peptides within the Brevinin family, has low hemolytic action. Not ... It has a small stretch of amino acids in positions 66-75, which are highly basic, and likely are a place of nuclear and ...
Common ones include high oleic canola oil, castor oil, palm oil, sunflower seed oil and rapeseed oil from vegetable, and tall ... Many vegetable oils are often hydrolyzed to yield the acids which are subsequently combined selectively to form specialist ... Corrosion inhibitors (rust inhibitors) are usually alkaline materials, such as alkylsulfonate salts, that absorb acids that ...
... of fatty acids are composed of oleic acid (18:1) and 50% of linoleic acid (18:2). Pea seeds are also a rich source of minerals ... "Protein content and amino acid composition of commercially available plant-based protein isolates". Amino Acids. 50 (12): 1685- ... Pea proteins also contain branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine, which helps to promote muscle ... phytic acid, saponins, polyphenols, minerals, and oxalates. They also contain several classes of protein: globulin, albumin, ...
"Methods of preparing casting resins and coating compositions using polyols derived from high oleic acid content fatty acid ... Ninety percent of the fatty acids that make up castor oil is ricinoleic acid, which has a hydroxyl group on C-12 and a carbon- ... Triglycerides of unsaturated (containing carbon-carbon double bonds) fatty acids or methyl esters of these acids, can be ... Note that in the example shown below only one of the three fatty acid chains is drawn fully, the other part of the molecule is ...
... brassidinic acid and behenic acid correspond to the relationship in the three fatty acids oleic acid, elaidic acid and stearic ... His most remarkable results were establishing the structure of several natural compounds including papaverine and ellagic acid ... He found that the relations between erucic acid, ... acid. Goldschmiedt also improved the method of Victor Meyer to ...
Some common examples of fatty acids: Butyric acid with 4 carbon atoms (contained in butter) Lauric acid with 12 carbon atoms ( ... "Safflower oil, salad or cooking, high oleic, primary commerce, fat composition, 100 g". US National Nutrient Database, Release ... polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol". European Food Safety Authority. ... Palmitic acid with 16 carbon atoms (contained in palm oil and meat) Stearic acid with 18 carbon atoms (also contained in meat ...
... linoleic acid and oleic acid), as well as decreased neuronal response to oral fatty acids. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... Hirasawa A, Tsumaya K, Awaji T, Katsuma S, Adachi T, Yamada M, Sugimoto Y, Miyazaki S, Tsujimoto G (2005). "Free fatty acids ... GPR120 has also been shown to mediate the anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects of omega 3 fatty acids. Lack of ... "Taste preference for fatty acids is mediated by GPR40 and GPR120". J Neurosci. 30 (25): 8376-82. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0496- ...
... myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and behenic acid, and typical unsaturated fatty acids are oleic acid and erucic acid ... First, sucrose and fatty acid soap are dissolved in water. Then, fatty acid ester and a basic catalyst are added to the ... Typical saturated fatty acids that are used to produce sucrose esters are lauric acid, ... Both are sucrose fatty acid esters. Rosenthal, in 1924, synthesized highly substituted sucrose fatty acid esters using the ...
The reduction of copper(II) acetylacetonate in organic solvent with oleyl amine and oleic acid causes the formation of rod and ... Zen, J.-M.; Hsu, C.-T.; Kumar, A. S.; Lyuu, H.-J.; Lin, K.-Y. (2004). "Amino acid analysis using disposable copper nanoparticle ... A more modern synthesis utilizes copper(II) chloride in a room temperature reaction with sodium citrate or myristic acid in an ... Copper chloride can be reduced using only L-ascorbic acid in a heated aqueous solution to produce stable copper nanoparticles. ...
... omega-3 fatty acids (mostly ALA), 18% omega-9 fatty acids (oleic acid), and 6% omega-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid); the seeds ... Linseed oil is an edible oil in demand as a dietary supplement, as a source of α-Linolenic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid. In ... Flax seed oil contains 53% 18:3 omega-3 fatty acids (mostly ALA) and 13% 18:2 omega-6 fatty acids. A meta-analysis showed that ... p-coumaric acid glucoside, and ferulic acid glucoside-are present in commercial breads containing flax seed. After crushing the ...
Some plant cultivars have been bred to produce "high-oleic" oils with more monounsaturated oleic acid and less polyunsaturated ... The smoke point of fats and oils decreases when they are at least partially split into free fatty acids and glycerol; the ... 2013). "Total polar compounds and acid values of repeatedly used frying oils measured by standard and rapid methods" (PDF). J ... The differing stabilities correlate with lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are more prone to oxidation. EVOO ...
Typical compounds used are carboxylic acids (e.g. fatty acids (most often oleic acid and stearic acid), dicarboxylic acids) and ... A mixture of organic acids (resin acids, predominantly abietic acid, with pimaric acid, isopimaric acid, neoabietic acid, ... formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and dicarboxylic, e.g. oxalic acid, malonic acid, sebacic acid) There are three types ... Cryolite and phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid & alcohol Cryolite and barium chloride Oleic acid Lithium chloride Magnesium ...
3) We encourage clients to send samples directly to a DNA company of their choice for the quickest turnaround and also to avoid the markup for our time associated with shipping etc. Our micro report turn-around times are within our control however for the DNA/micro-summary report we need to obtain the DNA results before the summary of DNA/micro reports can be issued. Depending upon which DNA labs are used, turn-around time is generally between 1-2 weeks, or with some companies or smaller labs can be up to a month or higher. We would like to remain neutral and offer our DNA/micro report summary using data from any DNA company. Please feel free to contact us directly for any questions or additional insight. ...
Oleic Acid is an co-emulsifier, emollient and moisturizer used in all types of emulsion, cream, lotion, fluid, soap, cleansing ...
Tag: oleic acid. (2 Articles). ARTICLE IN PRESS. BUNCH OIL AND FATTY ACID PROFILE IN Elaeis oleifera TAISHA-ECUADOR, Elaeis ... DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOUR OF POLYURETHANE COATINGS DERIVED FROM PALM OIL OLEIC ACID-BASED POLYOLS - A RENEWABLE RESOURCE ...
Copyright © 2018, Science Stuff, Inc. Science Stuff is a registered mark of Science Stuff, Inc. ...
Oleic-acid-rich sunflowers give trans-fat alternative - study 02-Feb-2007. By staff reporter ...
Keratinocyte growth factor therapy in murine oleic acid-induced acute lung injury. ... Keratinocyte growth factor therapy in murine oleic acid-induced acute lung injury. ... Oleic Acid, Pulmonary Alveoli, Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein B, Recombinant Proteins ...
The fraction that was so off-putting to other cockroaches contained nothing but simply fatty acids, with oleic and linoleic ... caused by a blend of simple fatty acids.. The smell helps living animals avoid others that have succumbed to disease or places ... acids the two main components... They have found that terrestrial woodlice use the same chemistry to recognise their dead, ...
Stability of Organometal Halide Perovskite Films and Solar Cells toward Humidity via Surface Passivation with Oleic Acid. Title ... Stability of Organometal Halide Perovskite Films and Solar Cells toward Humidity via Surface Passivation with Oleic Acid. ... Stability of Organometal Halide Perovskite Films and Solar Cells toward Humidity via Surface Passivation with Oleic Acid. ...
"SATURATED FATTY ACID (GRAMS) (XXXXXX ..." N2DR0496 = "OLEIC ACID (GRAMS)(XXXXXX.XX-DECIMAL ..." N2DR0504 = "LINOLEIC ACID ( ... "BILE ACIDS FINAL EXAMINED WEIGHT" N2DR0318 = "DATA USER WORK AREA" N2DR0324 = "STRATA" N2DR0326 = "PSEUDO PRIMARY SAMPLING UNIT ...
Central administration of oleic acid inhibits glucose production and food intake. Diabetes 51, 271-275 (2002). ... Masek, P. & Keene, A. C. Drosophila fatty acid taste signals through the PLC pathway in sugar-sensing neurons. PLoS Genet. 9, ... Reduced food intake and body weight in mice treated with fatty acid synthase inhibitors. Science 288, 2379-2381 (2000). ... Melcher, C., Bader, R. & Pankratz, M. J. Amino acids, taste circuits, and feeding behavior in Drosophila: towards understanding ...
Monounsaturated fatty acid; MUFA; Oleic acid; Cholesterol - monounsaturated fat; Atherosclerosis - monounsaturated fat; ...
... which may be due to fatty-acid absorbing activity. PL-02, LY-66, TYCA06, CS-773, and OLP-01 elevated the animals grip strength ... oleic acid without probiotic treatment; medium control: medium without oleic acid or probiotics). Probiotics, OA, and Caco-2 ... oleic acid without probiotic treatment; medium control: medium without oleic acid or probiotics). Probiotics, OA, and Caco-2 ... In the experimental group, Caco-2 cells (2 × 106) were seeded to the lower chamber of a six-well transwell, while oleic acid ( ...
Oleic acid, a monounsaturate, merely predominates. Since oils and foods contain a mix of fatty acids, we are almost never ... Stearic acid is a long saturated fat molecule and seems to exert no harmful effects. It is one of the fats found in meat and ... Ungulates grazing on a diversity of wild grasses take in some alpha linolenic acid, and just like fish that get the same from ... fatty acidshealthy livingunsaturated fatAtkins Dietgood fats. Go To Homepage ...
Satuated fatty acid (in grams) 489 00000000-00033410 - As given 20669 99999 - Blank, but applicable 80 490- Oleic acid (in ... This group is unique for its contribution to the abscorbic acid and vitamin A value of the diet. Fruits and vegetables make an ... saturated fatty acids than do oils. Butter is a source of saturated fat, cholesterol, and vitamin A. Margarine is an ... acid pills, fluoride, energol-wheat germ concentrate TAPE POSITIONS 328-439 Actual dietary intake is given in appropriate units ...
S, drug sensitive; R, drug resistant; OADC, oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, catalase growth supplement; OD600, optical density ...
Oleic Acid. 4-Amino-2-Hydroxytoluene. Sodium Sulfite. Tetrasodium Edta. Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein (Triticum Vulgare, Soy, ... Eucalyptus Globulus (Eucalyptus Globulus Oil). Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary Oil). Citric Acid. Sodium Chloride. ...
Oleic acid, a key to activating the brains fountain of youth. Many people dread experiencing the cognitive and mood declines ...
Mars Chocolate, for example, is using high-oleic acid peanuts (HOAPs). In 2014, the company reported that 51% of the peanuts ...
keywords = "Alpha-linolenic acid, Delta-6 desaturation, Dietary fatty acids, Linoleic acid, Liver lipids, Oleic acid", ... For that, sixteen adult Wistar rats were fed purified linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid or oleic acid, included in one of two ... For that, sixteen adult Wistar rats were fed purified linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid or oleic acid, included in one of two ... For that, sixteen adult Wistar rats were fed purified linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid or oleic acid, included in one of two ...
Around 75% of the fat is heart-healthy monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), namely oleic acid - the most commonly consumed MUFA ... Whats more, oleic acid has a fast oxidation rate, meaning that its less likely to be stored as fat and more likely to be ... Research suggests that oleic acid may reduce inflammation associated with obesity. It may also reduce atherosclerosis, or the ... The oleic acid and antioxidants in kalamata olives, such as oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, may have cancer-fighting properties ...
Global mass Azelaic acid supplier for your selection. ... Usage:Organic compounds produced by oleic acid ozonolysis * ... Look for Azelaic acid (cas 123-99-9) prices, manufacturers, suppliers, exporters start with Guidechem! ... Description:CAS 123-99-9 Azelaic acid Azelaic acid is an organic compound produced by the ozonolysis of oleic acid; component ... Azelaic acid is an organic compound produced by the ozonolysis of oleic acid; component of a number of hair and skin ...
OLEIC ACID. Faint fatty odor. Onion Oil. pungent onion. PALMITIC ACID. Nearly odorless. ...
In another study, 300 mg/kg/day of erucic acid and 1.7 grams/kg/day of oleic acid (both contained in Lorenzos oil) were used. ... Lorenzos oil is a combination of two chemicals called erucic acid and oleic acid. People use Lorenzos oil as a medicine. ... 13-Docosenoic Acid, cis-9-Octadecenoic Acid, Aceite de Lorenzo, Acide Érucique, Acide Oléique, Erucic Acid, Glycerol Trierucate ... A two-year trial of oleic and erucic acids (Lorenzos oil) as treatment for adrenomyeloneuropathy. N Engl J Med 1993;329:745-52 ...
Oleic Acid: used in lipsticks. This is simply animal fat. Ew.. Squalene: Shark liver oil…look for the olive derived version. ...
In 2000, using oleic acid and oleylamine as surfactant, Sun et al. [28] prepared monodispersed FePt nanoparticles with a 4 nm ... aspartic acid, glutamic acid, citric acid, phosphorus acid, vitamin B, and gamma cyclodextrin), organic polymer compounds (e.g ... 70] observed that oleic acid/oleylamine-coated FePt nanoparticles could notably suppress the proliferation of U251, U87, and H4 ... and oleic acid to 297°C and then using ethanol to extract the resultant material. Sahu et al. [33] obtained nanoparticles of ...
Linoleic Acid), By Application (Dimer Acids, Alkyd Resins, Fatty Acid Esters), By End-user (Soap & Detergents, Coatings, ... Tall Oil Fatty Acid Market Size. By Product (Oleic Acid, Linoleic Acid), By Application (Dimer Acids, Alkyd Resins, Fatty Acid ... TABLE 13 Global oleic acid market volume by region (Kilo Tons), 2013 - 2024. TABLE 14 Global oleic acid market revenue by ... Global tall oil fatty acid market share by product, 2016 & 2024. 4.2. Oleic acid. 4.2.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2013 ...
Cocoa butter, the key ingredient in white chocolate, has been shown to primarily contain stearic and oleic acids. On the plus ...
Alpha-linolenic acid/linoleic acid/oleic acid/FAs & phytonutrients - non Rx (Generic alternate to Flaxseed Oil) Generic ... Flaxseed Oil (Alpha-linolenic acid/linoleic acid/oleic acid/FAs & phytonutrients - non Rx) Prescription Not Required Flaxseed ... Alpha-linolenic acid/linoleic acid/oleic acid/FAs & phytonutrients - non Rx is the generic alternative to Flaxseed Oil. ... Alpha-linolenic acid/linoleic acid/oleic acid/FAs & phytonutrients - non Rx). Talk to your doctor or other qualified medical ...
Oleic and stearic acids also have the added benefit of being both hydrophobic and hydrophilic. One end is attracted to water, ... Remember how the oleic and stearic acids found in mango butter had a hydrophilic property, meaning it was attracted to water ... The fats in mango butter are composed mostly of oleic and stearic acids. This makes mango butter a powerhouse at adding ... Most animal and plant fats are made up of long-chain fatty acids. Coconut oil is made of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), ...
Oil contains triglycerides of linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids. Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Germ Oil falls into the class of ... These fatty acids may serve as raw materials for a variety of other chemicals useful in cosmetics. Alternately, isolated and ... Naturally occurring fats and oils in this group are esters and can be hydrolyzed to yield glycerin and mixtures of fatty acids ... Fats and oils are the glyceryl esters of fatty acids normally found in animal and plant tissues, including those which have ...
  • For that, sixteen adult Wistar rats were fed purified linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid or oleic acid, included in one of two diets at 4% by weight: an HG/FF or a high starch base (HS) where the pure UFAs replaced a mixed vegetable oil. (monash.edu)
  • Secondly, we found that linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids added to HG/FF reduced the specific activity of D6D. (monash.edu)
  • Online Pharmacies Canada has provided information from third parties intended to increase awareness and does not contain all the information about Flaxseed Oil (Alpha-linolenic acid/linoleic acid/oleic acid/FAs & phytonutrients - non Rx). (onlinepharmaciescanada.com)
  • Talk to your doctor or other qualified medical practitioners for medical attention or advice, or if you have any concerns about Flaxseed Oil (Alpha-linolenic acid/linoleic acid/oleic acid/FAs & phytonutrients - non Rx). (onlinepharmaciescanada.com)
  • Oil contains triglycerides of linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
  • Mars Chocolate, for example, is using high-oleic acid peanuts (HOAPs). (mediapost.com)
  • Then, UFAs should be considered as repressors for unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis only in very specific nutritional conditions. (monash.edu)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the hypothalamus fatty acid (FA)-sensing mechanisms response to different FA in European sea bass. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fatty acid vesicles are regularly produced by the lipid movie hydration system. (who.int)
  • Oleic acid is the fatty acid that produces ufasomes most frequently. (who.int)
  • Unsaturated fatty acid vesicles are suspensions of fatty acid-based closed lipid bilayers, with the pH range in which their ionised species can exist being between 7 and 9. (who.int)
  • Adrenoleukodystrophy and adrenomyeloneuropathy are two rare genetic disorders that cause a large build-up of certain chemicals called very long-chain fatty acids. (rxlist.com)
  • Most animal and plant fats are made up of long-chain fatty acids. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Most notably, unlike fats composed of long-chain fatty acids, coconut oil doesn't increase cholesterol in the blood stream. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Around 75% of the fat is heart-healthy monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), namely oleic acid - the most commonly consumed MUFA, which may help prevent heart disease and support cancer treatment ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). (healthline.com)
  • Kalamata olives are rich in oleic acid, a type of MUFA linked to improved heart health and cancer-fighting properties. (healthline.com)
  • Fats and oils are the glyceryl esters of fatty acids normally found in animal and plant tissues, including those which have been hydrogenated to reduce or eliminate unsaturation. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
  • Naturally occurring fats and oils in this group are esters and can be hydrolyzed to yield glycerin and mixtures of fatty acids. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
  • Coconut oil is made of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which our bodies metabolize differently than long-chain fats. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Test-tube studies suggest that oleic acid may lower the expression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene, which can turn a healthy cell into a tumor cell. (healthline.com)
  • Research suggests that oleic acid may reduce inflammation associated with obesity. (healthline.com)
  • Lorenzo's oil is a combination of two chemicals called erucic acid and oleic acid. (rxlist.com)
  • These fatty acids may serve as raw materials for a variety of other chemicals useful in cosmetics. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
  • Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) play a key role in regulating delta-6 desaturase (D6D), the key enzyme for long-chain PUFA biosynthesis. (monash.edu)
  • Improvement of clinical and MRI findings in a boy with adrenoleukodystrophy by dietary erucic acid therapy. (rxlist.com)
  • The vegetable has a significant amount of ascorbic acid, known more familiarly as vitamin C. Ascorbic acid promotes the production of collagen , a connective protein that gives structure and resilience to skin tissue. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Benzo(a)anthracene (PubChem CID: 5954) vegetable oils and examined the identity through the fatty acids profiles. (bvsalud.org)
  • Similar suppression in AHH activity was demonstrated in epidermis made hyperplastic by (a) tape stripping of stratum corneum and (b) repeated application of 50% oleic acid. (cdc.gov)
  • Keratinocyte growth factor therapy in murine oleic acid-induced acute lung injury. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Too many people were having too many accidents using the acid at too high a concentration which caused redness and irritation. (guidechem.com)
  • Combined into cucumber slices applied topically to the lips, the water and caffeic and ascorbic acids moisturize lips, promote lip fullness and protect from sun damage. (howstuffworks.com)
  • In another study, 300 mg/kg/day of erucic acid and 1.7 grams/kg/day of oleic acid (both contained in Lorenzo's oil) were used. (rxlist.com)
  • Oleic acid and antioxidants in kalamata olives may also protect against certain types of cancer. (healthline.com)
  • Azelaic acid is used to clear the bumps, lesions, and swelling caused by rosacea (a skin disease that causes redness, flushing, and pimples on the face). (guidechem.com)
  • I will post the revelant passage from the Canadian government website: Azelaic acid: Azelaic acid is being considered for addition to the list of restricted substances due to therapeutic properties and risk of skin irritation at high concentrations. (guidechem.com)
  • The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a "qualified" health claim for consuming oils with high levels of oleic acid to reduce risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). (medscape.com)
  • The new qualified health claim allows manufacturers of these oils to state on their label that "supportive but not conclusive scientific evidence" suggests that daily consumption of about 1½ tablespoons (20 g) of oils containing high levels of oleic acid may reduce CHD risk. (medscape.com)
  • The FDA reviewed results from seven small studies that evaluated the relation between consumption of oils containing high levels of oleic acid and improved cholesterol levels. (medscape.com)
  • Six of the studies found that people consuming diets containing oils with high levels of oleic acid as a replacement to fats and oils higher in saturated fat achieved a modest lowering of total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, compared with people who consumed a more Western-style diet that is higher in saturated fat. (medscape.com)
  • Mean levels of oleic acid, the constituent of olive oil, remained stable in both treatment groups. (nih.gov)
  • Did you mean Ascorbic Acid OR Chia Seed Oil OR Doconexent OR Linoleic Acid OR linoleic Acid OR Oleic Acid OR Sodium OR Sucrose ? (nih.gov)
  • Genetic Toxicity Evaluation of Oleic Acid in Salmonella/E.coli Mutagenicity Test or Ames Test. (nih.gov)
  • 2. Mediterranean dietary traditions for the molecular treatment of human cancer: anti-oncogenic actions of the main olive oil's monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid (18:1n-9). (nih.gov)
  • 3. A genomic explanation connecting "Mediterranean diet", olive oil and cancer: oleic acid, the main monounsaturated fatty acid of olive oil, induces formation of inhibitory "PEA3 transcription factor-PEA3 DNA binding site" complexes at the Her-2/neu (erbB-2) oncogene promoter in breast, ovarian and stomach cancer cells. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Oleic acid, the main monounsaturated fatty acid of olive oil, suppresses Her-2/neu (erbB-2) expression and synergistically enhances the growth inhibitory effects of trastuzumab (Herceptin) in breast cancer cells with Her-2/neu oncogene amplification. (nih.gov)
  • Interactions between plasticizers and fatty acid metabolism in the perfused rat liver and in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • Studies were conducted to determine the site of inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by ethylhexanol. (nih.gov)
  • 9. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FAS) suppresses HER2/neu (erbB-2) oncogene overexpression in cancer cells. (nih.gov)
  • 14. Targeting fatty acid synthase-driven lipid rafts: a novel strategy to overcome trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Pharmacological blockade of fatty acid synthase (FASN) reverses acquired autoresistance to trastuzumab (Herceptin by transcriptionally inhibiting 'HER2 super-expression' occurring in high-dose trastuzumab-conditioned SKBR3/Tzb100 breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)
  • 16. DNA topoisomerase IIalpha (TOP2A) inhibitors up-regulate fatty acid synthase gene expression in SK-Br3 breast cancer cells: in vitro evidence for a 'functional amplicon' involving FAS, Her-2/neu and TOP2A genes. (nih.gov)
  • Omega-3 fatty acid supplements taken orally proved no better than placebo at relieving symptoms or signs of dry eye, according to the findings of a well-controlled trial funded by the National Eye Institute (NEI), part of the National Institutes of Health. (nih.gov)
  • Among them, 349 people were randomly assigned to receive 3 grams daily of fish-derived omega-3 fatty acids in five capsules. (nih.gov)
  • BoNT/A 150 kDa: EC 50 = 34 pM) modulate sebocyte lipogenesis and reduce oleic acid-induced sebocyte differentiation, lipogenesis, and holocrine-like secretion. (nih.gov)
  • Importantly, and as noted in the health claim, none of the studies found that eating oleic-acid-containing oils had beneficial heart effects unless they replaced other types of fats and oils higher in saturated fats in the diet," Gottlieb emphasized. (medscape.com)