Oils derived from plants or plant products.
Unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or easily liquefiable on warming, and are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behavior on heating, they are volatile or fixed. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Oils which evaporate readily. The volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which they give odor and other characteristics. Most volatile oils consist of a mixture of two or more TERPENES or of a mixture of an eleoptene (the more volatile constituent of a volatile oil) with a stearopten (the more solid constituent). The synonym essential oils refers to the essence of a plant, as its perfume or scent, and not to its indispensability.
Oils high in unsaturated fats extracted from the bodies of fish or fish parts, especially the LIVER. Those from the liver are usually high in VITAMIN A. The oils are used as DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. They are also used in soaps and detergents and as protective coatings.
Oil from ZEA MAYS or corn plant.
Oil from soybean or soybean plant.
Complex petroleum hydrocarbons consisting mainly of residues from crude oil distillation. These liquid products include heating oils, stove oils, and furnace oils and are burned to generate energy.
A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It is used as laxative, lubricant, ointment base, and emollient.
Organic siloxanes which are polymerized to the oily stage. The oils have low surface tension and density less than 1. They are used in industrial applications and in the treatment of retinal detachment, complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
An oily liquid extracted from the seeds of the safflower, Carthamus tinctorius. It is used as a dietary supplement in the management of HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. It is used also in cooking, as a salad oil, and as a vehicle for medicines, paints, varnishes, etc. (Dorland, 28th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
The refined fixed oil obtained from the seed of one or more cultivated varieties of Sesamum indicum. It is used as a solvent and oleaginous vehicle for drugs and has been used internally as a laxative and externally as a skin softener. It is used also in the manufacture of margarine, soap, and cosmetics. (Dorland, 28th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
The fixed oil obtained from the dried ripe seed of linseed, Linum usitatissimum (L. Linaceae). It is used as an emollient in liniments, pastes, and medicinal soaps, and in veterinary medicine as a laxative. It is also called flaxseed oil. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A preparation of oil that contains covalently bound IODINE. It is commonly used as a RADIOCONTRAST AGENT and as a suspension medium for CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS.
Oil obtained from seeds of Ricinus communis that is used as a cathartic and as a plasticizer.
Oils which are used in industrial or commercial applications.
Areas of the earth where hydrocarbon deposits of PETROLEUM and/or NATURAL GAS are located.
Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.
Essential oil extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree). It is used as a topical antimicrobial due to the presence of terpineol.
Unsaturated fats or oils used in foods or as a food.
Viscous, nauseating oil obtained from the shrub Croton tiglium (Euphorbaceae). It is a vesicant and skin irritant used as pharmacologic standard for skin inflammation and allergy and causes skin cancer. It was formerly used as an emetic and cathartic with frequent mortality.
Oil obtained from fresh livers of the cod family, Gadidae. It is a source of VITAMIN A and VITAMIN D.
Release of oil into the environment usually due to human activity.
An oil from flower buds of SYZYGIUM trees which contains large amounts of EUGENOL.
Compounds with a core of 10 carbons generally formed via the mevalonate pathway from the combination of 3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. They are cyclized and oxidized in a variety of ways. Due to the low molecular weight many of them exist in the form of essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE).
The palm family of order Arecales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida.
Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.
Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.
Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A group of fatty acids, often of marine origin, which have the first unsaturated bond in the third position from the omega carbon. These fatty acids are believed to reduce serum triglycerides, prevent insulin resistance, improve lipid profile, prolong bleeding times, reduce platelet counts, and decrease platelet adhesiveness.
An order of pelagic, shrimplike CRUSTACEA. Many consume ZOOPLANKTON and a few are predacious. Many antarctic species, such as Euphausia superba, constitute the chief food of other animals.
Important polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families.
A body of water located at the southeastern corner of North America. It is bordered by the states to the north of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas; by five Mexican states to the west: Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatan; and by Cuba to the southeast.
C22-unsaturated fatty acids found predominantly in FISH OILS.
The mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).
Oil obtained from the seeds of Gossypium herbaceum L., the cotton plant. It is used in dietary products such as oleomargarine and many cooking oils. Cottonseed oil is commonly used in soaps and cosmetics.
FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds.
A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE best known for the thyme spice added to foods.
Addition of hydrogen to a compound, especially to an unsaturated fat or fatty acid. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that is the source of a familiar food seasoning.
The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.
Triglycerides are the most common type of fat in the body, stored in fat cells and used as energy; they are measured in blood tests to assess heart disease risk, with high levels often resulting from dietary habits, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
A plant genus of the family VERBENACEAE. Lippsidoquinone; TRITERPENES; SESQUITERPENES; and THYMOL have been found in this genus. Plant extracts have cytotoxic activity. It is sometimes called Mexican oregano but that confuses it with real oregano (ORIGANUM).
A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that is the source of peppermint oil.
Any of several BRASSICA species that are commonly called mustard. Brassica alba is white mustard, B. juncea is brown or Chinese mustard, and B. nigra is black, brown, or red mustard. The plant is grown both for mustard seed from which oil is extracted or used as SPICES, and for its greens used as VEGETABLES or ANIMAL FEED. There is no relationship to MUSTARD COMPOUNDS.
A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.
A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent. It was formerly used as a vermifuge.
A class of compounds composed of repeating 5-carbon units of HEMITERPENES.
The fatty portion of milk, separated as a soft yellowish solid when milk or cream is churned. It is processed for cooking and table use. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.
A fatty acid that is found in plants and involved in the formation of prostaglandins.
A plant genus of the LAMIACEAE family.
cis-13-Docosenoic Acids. 22-Carbon monounsaturated, monocarboxylic acids.
A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position.
A genus of trees of the Myrtaceae family, native to Australia, that yields gums, oils, and resins which are used as flavoring agents, astringents, and aromatics.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE which is a source of citronella oil and lemongrass oil.
Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.
Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.
The above-ground plant without the roots.
Six-carbon alicyclic hydrocarbons which contain one or more double bonds in the ring. The cyclohexadienes are not aromatic, in contrast to BENZOQUINONES which are sometimes called 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diones.
A chemical process for separating the components of a liquid mixture by boiling and collecting condensed vapors.
Mentha is a genus of the mint family (LAMIACEAE). It is known for species having characteristic flavor and aroma.
A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE with strong-smelling foliage. It is a source of SANTONIN and other cytotoxic TERPENES.
A plant genus of the family MYRTACEAE. M. alternifolia foliage is a source of TEA TREE OIL. The common name of tea tree also refers to LEPTOSPERMUM or KUNZEA. M. vindifolia is a source of niaouli oil. M. cajuputi and M. leucadendra are sources of cajuput oil.
The glyceryl esters of a fatty acid, or of a mixture of fatty acids. They are generally odorless, colorless, and tasteless if pure, but they may be flavored according to origin. Fats are insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. They occur in animal and vegetable tissue and are generally obtained by boiling or by extraction under pressure. They are important in the diet (DIETARY FATS) as a source of energy. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE. Members contain jatrophone and other diterpenes.
A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Ethyl ester of iodinated fatty acid of poppyseed oil. It contains 37% organically bound iodine and has been used as a diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium) and as an antineoplastic agent when part of the iodine is 131-I. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food.
The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
Long chain organic acid molecules that must be obtained from the diet. Examples are LINOLEIC ACIDS and LINOLENIC ACIDS.
The art or practice of preparing food. It includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various diseases.
A plant genus of the family APIACEAE used in SPICES.
FATTY ACIDS which have the first unsaturated bond in the sixth position from the omega carbon. A typical American diet tends to contain substantially more omega-6 than OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS.
Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.
Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.
A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE used to flavor food.
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
A plant genus of the family APIACEAE. The leaves are the source of cilantro and the seeds are the source of coriander, both of which are used in SPICES.
Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
A cinnamate derivative of the shikamate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS.
Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain two double bonds.
Hydrocarbon-rich byproducts from the non-fossilized BIOMASS that are combusted to generate energy as opposed to fossilized hydrocarbon deposits (FOSSIL FUELS).
A genus in the family Myrtaceae sometimes known as "stoppers" in FOLK MEDICINE. Many species of the genus SYZYGIUM have synonymous names that begin with the Eugenia genus name.
A plant species of the genus OCIMUM, family LAMIACEAE. It is a condiment with carminative properties.
A genus herbs of the Asteraceae family. The SEEDS yield oil and are used as food and animal feed; the roots of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) are edible.
SESQUITERPENES cyclized to one 10-carbon ring.
A plant genus of the LAMIACEAE family. It is known as a spice and medicinal plant.
A plant genus of the family Oleaceae. The olive fruit is the source of olive oil.
Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.
Sorbitan mono-9-octadecanoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives; complex mixtures of polyoxyethylene ethers used as emulsifiers or dispersing agents in pharmaceuticals.
The generic name for the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons Cn-H2n+2. They are denoted by the suffix -ane. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.
Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.
A plant genus of the family MYRTACEAE. The common name of tea tree is also used for MELALEUCA and KUNZEA.
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.
Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.
Residue generated from combustion of coal or petroleum.
Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.
Resinous substances which most commonly originate from trees. In addition to resins, they contain oils, cinnamic acid and BENZOIC ACID.
A carrier or inert medium used as a solvent (or diluent) in which the medicinally active agent is formulated and or administered. (Dictionary of Pharmacy, 1986)
A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.
A class of organic compounds known as STEROLS or STEROIDS derived from plants.
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).
SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS that induce a dispersion of undissolved material throughout a liquid.
An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.
Volative flammable fuel (liquid hydrocarbons) derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, etc.
Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain three double bonds.
A plant species of the family FABACEAE that yields edible seeds, the familiar peanuts, which contain protein, oil and lectins.
Picrates are salts of picric acid, an explosive organic compound previously used as a yellow dye and antiseptic, which are now primarily used in chemical research and industrial applications. Please note that picrates should be handled with care due to their potential explosiveness when heated or subjected to friction.
"Esters are organic compounds that result from the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, playing significant roles in various biological processes and often used in pharmaceutical synthesis."
A bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.
A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.
A plant genus in the LAURACEAE family. The bark of the trees is used in FOLK MEDICINE and FLAVORING AGENTS.
'Squalene' is a biologically occurring triterpene compound, naturally produced in humans, animals, and plants, that forms an essential part of the lipid-rich membranes in various tissues, including the skin surface and the liver, and has been studied for its potential benefits in skincare, dietary supplements, and vaccine adjuvant systems.
A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. They bear the familiar citrus fruits including oranges, grapefruit, lemons, and limes. There are many hybrids which makes the nomenclature confusing.
Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.
Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.
An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.
Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
A plant species cultivated for the seed used as animal feed and as a source of canola cooking oil.
A CHROMATOGRAPHY method using supercritical fluid, usually carbon dioxide under very high pressure (around 73 atmospheres or 1070 psi at room temperature) as the mobile phase. Other solvents are sometimes added as modifiers. This is used both for analytical (SFC) and extraction (SFE) purposes.
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
The mahogany plant family of the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.
A plant genus of the family ACORACEAE, order Arales, subclass Arecidae most notable for Acorus calamus L. root which contains asarone and has been used in TRADITIONAL MEDICINE.
The myrtle plant family of the order Myrtales. It includes several aromatic medicinal plants such as EUCALYPTUS.
A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.
The consumption of edible substances.
A genus in the mint family (LAMIACEAE).
A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, MUSTARD PLANT; (B. alba, B. junica, and B. nigra), turnips (BRASSICA NAPUS) and rapeseed (BRASSICA RAPA).
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.
A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain substitutions on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus and a long hydrocarbon chain of isoprenoid units. They are antioxidants by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen. Tocopherols react with the most reactive form of oxygen and protect unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation.
A plant genus of the family LAURACEAE. Members contain laurotetanine and other APORPHINES.
A plant genus of the family PIPERACEAE that includes species used for spicy and stimulating qualities.

Effective method for activity assay of lipase from Chromobacterium viscosum. (1/646)

A method was devised for activity assay of the lipase [triacylglycerol acyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3] excreted from Chromobacterium viscosum into the culture medium; olive oil emulsified with the aid of Adekatol 45-S-8 (a non-ionic detergent, the ethoxylate of linear sec-alcohols having chain lengths of 10--16 carbon atoms) was used as the substrate. This method was specifically effective for Chromobacterium lipase acitvity assay, and was approximately twice as sensitive as the conventional method, in which polyvinyl alcohol is used for the emulsification of the substrate.  (+info)

An organosulfur compound isolated from oil-macerated garlic extract, and its antimicrobial effect. (2/646)

An organosulfur compound was isolated from oil-macerated garlic extract by silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC. From the results of NMR, IR, and MS analyses, its structure was determined as E-4,5,9-trithiadeca-1,7-diene-9-oxide (iso-E-10-devinylajoene, iso-E-10-DA). This compound was different from E-4,5,9-trithiadeca-1,6-diene-9-oxide (E-10-devinylajoene, E-10-DA) only in the position of a double bond. Iso-E-10-DA had antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, and yeasts at the concentration lower than 100 micrograms/ml, but Gram-negative bacteria were not inhibited at the same concentration. The antimicrobial activity of iso-E-10-DA was inferior to those of similar oil-macerated garlic extract compounds such as E-ajoene, Z-ajoene, and Z-10-DA. From these results, it was suggested that trans structure and/or the position of double bond of iso-E-10-DA reduce the antimicrobial activity.  (+info)

A model for evaluation of the peroral insulin therapy: short-term treatment of alloxan diabetic rats with oral water-in-oil-in-water insulin emulsions. (3/646)

Alloxan diabetic rats with fasting blood glucose levels above 300 mg/100 ml were treated with oral administration of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) insulin emulsions at a dose of 50 U/100 g body weight, three times daily for 10 to 14 days. The course of diabetes was followed by determinations of glucose levels in blood and urine. During treatment with oral W/O/W insulin emulsions, daily excretion of urinary glucose decreased by about 30 to 40% (2 to 3 g/day) in all of the five rats studied, and returned to the pre-treatment levels after the treatment being discontinued. During treatment, a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels was observed in 4 out of 5 rats, giving the decrease by 18 to 44%. Quantitative estimates suggested that the effectiveness of 50 U/100 g of oral W/O/W insulin emulsions was comparable to that after intramuscular regular insulin at a dose of 0.5 U/100 g. Although oral W/O/W insulin emulsions are still of low efficiency, these results would indicate that diabetes can be controlled by effective oral insulin preparations.  (+info)

Food groups, oils and butter, and cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx. (4/646)

To elucidate the role of dietary habits, a study was carried out in 1992-1997 in the province of Pordenone in Northeastern Italy, and those of Rome and Latina in central Italy. Cases were 512 men and 86 women with cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx (lip, salivary glands and nasopharynx excluded) and controls were 1008 men and 483 women who had been admitted to local hospitals for a broad range of acute non-neoplastic conditions. The validated dietary section of the questionnaire included 78 foods or recipes and ten questions on fat intake patterns. After allowance for education, smoking, alcohol and total energy intake, significant trends of increasing risk with increasing intake emerged for soups, eggs, processed meats, cakes and desserts, and butter. Risk was approximately halved in the highest compared to the lowest intake quintile for coffee and tea, white bread, poultry, fish, raw and cooked vegetables, citrus fruit, and olive oil. The inverse association with oils, especially olive oil, was only slightly attenuated by allowance for vegetable intake. Thus, frequent consumption of vegetables, citrus fruit, fish and vegetable oils were the major features of a low-risk diet for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx.  (+info)

An octaene fatty acid, 4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25-octacosaoctaenoic acid (28:8n-3), found in marine oils. (5/646)

We report structure determination of an octaene fatty acid, 4,7,10, 13,16,19,22,25-octacosaoctaenoic acid (28:8n-3). The molecular weight and double bond locations were determined using acetonitrile chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS and were confirmed by MS of hydrogenated and deuterogenated 28:8 and by argentation thin-layer chromatography. 28:8n-3 was 1.2 +/- 0.1%, in oil derived from the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii and a commercial polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate derived from fish oils (0.16 +/- 0.01%), both components of human dietary supplements. It was not found in whole bovine retina, cultured Y79 human retinoblastoma cells, or neonate baboon cerebral cortex. The long chain polyunsaturates present in the C. cohnii oil suggest a possible route for 28:8n-3 biosynthesis similar to that for biosynthesis of 22:6n-3.  (+info)

Visual pigments and oil droplets in the retina of a passerine bird, the canary Serinus canaria: microspectrophotometry and opsin sequences. (6/646)

The visual receptors of the passeriform bird Serinus canaria, the canary, have been examined microspectrophotometrically and the sequences of the opsins determined. Rods have a maximum absorbance (lambda max) at 506 nm. Four spectral classes of single cone are present: long-wave-sensitive (LWS) containing a photopigment with lambda max at 569 nm, middle-wave-sensitive (MWS) with lambda max at 505 nm, short-wave-sensitive (SWS) with lambda max at 442 nm, and ultraviolet-sensitive (UVS) with lambda max at about 366 nm. Double cones possess the 569-nm pigment in both members. Typical combinations of photopigment and oil droplet occur in most cone classes. An ambiguity exists in the oil droplet of the single LWS cones. In some birds, LWS cones are paired with an R-type droplet, whereas in the majority of canaries the LWS pigment is paired with a droplet similar to the P-type of double cones. Mechanisms of spectral tuning within each opsin class are discussed.  (+info)

Identification of the gene encoding esterase, a homolog of hormone-sensitive lipase, from an oil-degrading bacterium, strain HD-1. (7/646)

The gene encoding an esterase (HDE) was cloned from an oil-degrading bacterium, strain HD-1. HDE is a member of the hormone-sensitive lipase family and composed of 317 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 33,633. The HDE-encoding gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein was purified and characterized. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that the methionine residue was removed from its NH(2)-terminus. The good agreement of the molecular weights estimated by SDS-PAGE (35,000) and gel filtration (38,000) suggests that it acts in a monomeric form. HDE showed hydrolytic activity towards p-nitrophenyl esters of fatty acids with an acyl chain length of 2 to 14 and tributyrin, whereas it showed little hydrolytic activity towards p-nitrophenyl oleate (C(18)), tricaprylin and triolein. Determination of the kinetic parameters for the hydrolyses of the p-nitrophenyl substrates from C(2) to C(14) indicated that HDE shows a relatively broad substrate specificity. However, comparison of the k(cat)/K(m) values indicated that the C(10)-C(14) substrates are the most preferred ones. Such a preference for substrates with long acyl chains may be a characteristic of HDE.  (+info)

Response to influenza vaccine in adjuvant 65-4. (8/646)

A comparison was made of the antibody response and subjective reactions to zonally-purified influenza vaccine in aqueous suspension and in peanut oil adjuvant 65-4. Both preparations contained 700 CCA units of A/Aichi/2/68, and 300 CCA units of B/Mass/1/71. Subjective reactions were recorded by asking the volunteers to complete a record daily for 5 days. Pain at the injection site was recorded by 64 per cent of the recipients of the oil adjuvant vaccine compared with 35 per cent of the aqueous recipients, but local redness was more frequent after aqueous vaccine. Systemic symptoms was recorded a little more frequently after aqueous than oil adjuvant vaccine. When measured 71/2 weeks after a single dose of vaccine, the HAI geometric mean antibody titre (G.M.T) to the A/Hong Kong/1/68 antigen (antigenically similar to the A/Aichi/2/68 antigen in the vaccine) increased 2-7 fold after aqueous and 16-4 fold after adjuvant vaccine. Sixty-two weeks after vaccination the antibody titres remained higher in those given adjuvant vaccine. The G.M.T. to B/Mass/1/71 increased 1-9 fold 71/2 weeks after aqueous vaccine and 3-7 fold after adjuvant vaccine. The antibody response to both influenza A and B antigens was broader in the recipients of adjuvant vaccine. The G.M.T. to A/England/42/72 increased 2-8-fold after aqueous and 13-fold after adjuvant vaccine; and to B/England/847/73 it increased 1-3-fold after aqueous and 1-9-fold after adjuvant vaccine.  (+info)

Medical definitions generally do not include plant oils as a specific term. However, in a biological or biochemical context, plant oils, also known as vegetable oils, are defined as lipid extracts derived from various parts of plants such as seeds, fruits, and leaves. They mainly consist of triglycerides, which are esters of glycerol and three fatty acids. The composition of fatty acids can vary between different plant sources, leading to a range of physical and chemical properties that make plant oils useful for various applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Some common examples of plant oils include olive oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, and jojoba oil.

In the context of medicine and pharmacology, oils are typically defined as lipid-based substances that are derived from plants or animals. They are made up of molecules called fatty acids, which can be either saturated or unsaturated. Oils are often used in medical treatments and therapies due to their ability to deliver active ingredients through the skin, as well as their moisturizing and soothing properties. Some oils, such as essential oils, are also used in aromatherapy for their potential therapeutic benefits. However, it's important to note that some oils can be toxic or irritating if ingested or applied to the skin in large amounts, so they should always be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Volatile oils, also known as essential oils, are a type of organic compound that are naturally produced in plants. They are called "volatile" because they evaporate quickly at room temperature due to their high vapor pressure. These oils are composed of complex mixtures of various compounds, including terpenes, terpenoids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and alcohols. They are responsible for the characteristic aroma and flavor of many plants and are often used in perfumes, flavors, and aromatherapy. In a medical context, volatile oils may have therapeutic properties and be used in certain medications or treatments, but it's important to note that they can also cause adverse reactions if not used properly.

Fish oils are a type of fat or lipid derived from the tissues of oily fish. They are a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These fatty acids have been associated with various health benefits such as reducing inflammation, decreasing the risk of heart disease, improving brain function, and promoting eye health. Fish oils can be consumed through diet or taken as a dietary supplement in the form of capsules or liquid. It is important to note that while fish oils have potential health benefits, they should not replace a balanced diet and medical advice should be sought before starting any supplementation.

Corn oil is a type of vegetable oil that is extracted from the germ of corn (maize). It is rich in polyunsaturated fat, particularly linoleic acid, and contains about 25% saturated fat. Corn oil has a high smoke point, making it suitable for frying and baking. It is also used as an ingredient in margarine, salad dressings, and other food products. In addition to its use as a food product, corn oil is sometimes used topically on the skin as a moisturizer or emollient.

Soybean oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the soybean (Glycine max). It is one of the most widely consumed cooking oils and is also used in a variety of food and non-food applications.

Medically, soybean oil is sometimes used as a vehicle for administering certain medications, particularly those that are intended to be absorbed through the skin. It is also used as a dietary supplement and has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its ability to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.

However, it's important to note that soybean oil is high in omega-6 fatty acids, which can contribute to inflammation when consumed in excess. Therefore, it should be used in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

I must clarify that "Fuel Oils" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Fuel oils are types of oil used as fuel, and they include various distillates of petroleum. They are commonly used for heating purposes or to generate electricity in industrial plants and ships.

However, if you're asking about the medical implications of exposure to fuel oils, it can cause respiratory irritation, headaches, dizziness, and nausea, especially if inhaled in large quantities or in a poorly ventilated space. Long-term exposure may lead to more severe health issues, such as bronchitis, heart disease, and cancer.

Medical Definition of Mineral Oil:

Mineral oil is a commonly used laxative, which is a substance that promotes bowel movements. It is a non-digestible, odorless, and tasteless oil that is derived from petroleum. When taken orally, mineral oil passes through the digestive system without being absorbed, helping to soften stools and relieve constipation by increasing the weight and size of the stool, stimulating the reflexes in the intestines that trigger bowel movements.

Mineral oil is also used topically as a moisturizer and emollient for dry skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis. It forms a barrier on the skin, preventing moisture loss and protecting the skin from irritants. However, mineral oil should not be used on broken or inflamed skin, as it can trap bacteria and delay healing.

It is important to note that long-term use of mineral oil laxatives can lead to dependence and may interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins such as A, D, E, and K. Therefore, it should be used only under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Silicone oils are synthetic, polymerized forms of siloxane, which is a type of silicon-based compound. These oils are known for their stability, durability, and resistance to heat, chemicals, and aging. In the medical field, silicone oils are often used in various medical devices and procedures, such as:

1. Intraocular lenses: Silicone oils can be used as a temporary replacement for the vitreous humor (the gel-like substance that fills the eye) during vitreoretinal surgery, particularly when there is a retinal detachment or other serious eye conditions. The oil helps to reattach the retina and maintain its position until a permanent solution can be found.

2. Breast implants: Silicone oils are used as a filling material for breast implants due to their ability to mimic the feel of natural breast tissue. However, the use of silicone breast implants has been controversial due to concerns about potential health risks, including immune system disorders and cancer.

3. Drug delivery systems: Silicone oils can be used as a component in drug-eluting devices, which are designed to deliver medication slowly and consistently over an extended period. These devices can be used in various medical applications, such as wound healing or the treatment of chronic pain.

4. Medical adhesives: Silicone oils can be incorporated into medical adhesives to improve their flexibility, biocompatibility, and resistance to moisture and heat. These adhesives are often used in the manufacturing of medical devices and for securing bandages or dressings to the skin.

It is important to note that while silicone oils have many medical applications, they can also pose potential risks, such as migration, inflammation, or other complications. Therefore, their use should be carefully considered and monitored by healthcare professionals.

Safflower oil is a vegetable oil that is extracted from the seeds of the safflower plant (Carthamus tinctorius). It is primarily composed of unsaturated fatty acids, with a high concentration of linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) and a smaller amount of oleic acid (an omega-9 fatty acid).

Safflower oil has been used in traditional medicine for its potential health benefits, such as improving heart health, reducing inflammation, and promoting skin health. It is also commonly used as a cooking oil due to its high smoke point and light flavor. However, it is important to note that safflower oil should be consumed in moderation, as excessive intake of omega-6 fatty acids can contribute to inflammation and other health issues.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sesame Oil" is not a medical term. It is a type of oil that is extracted from sesame seeds. Sesame oil is often used in cooking and has some traditional uses in medicine, such as being used as a carrier oil for certain herbal remedies. However, it does not have a specific medical definition. If you have any questions about the use of sesame oil in a medical context or its potential health benefits, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional.

Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil, is not a medical term per se, but I can certainly provide you with some relevant information from a medical perspective.

Linseed oil is a type of drying oil that is derived from the seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum). It is rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega-3 fatty acid, and has been used in various industrial and artisanal applications.

In the context of medicine and health, linseed oil is sometimes discussed for its potential health benefits due to its high ALA content. Some studies suggest that consuming a balanced diet with adequate amounts of omega-3 fatty acids may help support heart health, reduce inflammation, and promote brain function. However, it's essential to note that the overall scientific evidence is still limited, and more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits and establish appropriate dosages.

Additionally, linseed oil should not be confused with linsed oil, a topical preparation used in traditional medicine for skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis. Linsed oil typically contains a mixture of linseed oil, lead salts, and turpentine, which is not recommended due to the potential toxicity of lead.

Iodized oil is a type of oil, often sesame or soybean oil, that has been artificially enriched with the essential micromineral iodine. It is typically used as a medical treatment for iodine deficiency disorders, such as goiter and cretinism, and for preventing their occurrence.

The iodization process involves binding iodine to the oil molecules, which allows the iodine to be slowly released and absorbed by the body over an extended period of time. This makes it an effective long-term supplement for maintaining adequate iodine levels in the body. Iodized oil is usually administered via intramuscular injection, and its effects can last for several months to a year.

It's important to note that while iodized oil is a valuable tool in addressing iodine deficiency on an individual level, global public health initiatives have focused on adding iodine to table salt (known as iodization of salt) as a more widespread and sustainable solution for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders.

Castor oil is a colorless or pale yellow vegetable oil that is derived from the seeds of the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis). It has a wide range of uses, including as a laxative, a moisturizer in skin and hair products, and a component in industrial lubricants and biodiesel.

Medically, castor oil is often used as a stimulant laxative to relieve constipation. It works by increasing the movement of the intestines, which helps to promote bowel movements. Castor oil is typically taken orally, and its effects usually begin to be felt within 2-6 hours after ingestion.

It's important to note that castor oil should not be used in large amounts or for prolonged periods of time, as it can lead to electrolyte imbalances and other serious side effects. It is also not recommended for use during pregnancy, as it may stimulate uterine contractions. As with any medication or supplement, it's always best to consult with a healthcare provider before using castor oil.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Industrial Oils" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Industrial oils are typically used in machinery and equipment for various industrial applications, such as hydraulic systems, lubricants, and coolants. They are not directly related to medicine or human health.

However, if a person were to come into contact with these oils through their occupation, there could be potential health effects, such as skin irritation or respiratory issues, depending on the specific type of oil and the nature of the exposure. But this would not fall under a medical definition of the term itself.

I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Oil and gas fields" are not a medical term, but rather a term used in the geology and petroleum industry to describe areas with significant deposits of oil and natural gas. These are typically underground or underwater formations where hydrocarbons accumulate due to geological processes over millions of years.

However, I can provide you with some related medical terms that pertain to potential health impacts associated with the exploration, extraction, and use of oil and gas fields:

1. Occupational exposure: Refers to the health risks faced by workers in the oil and gas industry, who may be exposed to hazardous substances, noise, vibrations, and ergonomic stressors that can lead to various health issues such as respiratory problems, hearing loss, musculoskeletal disorders, and chemical exposures.
2. Air pollution: The release of pollutants from oil and gas operations, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide, can contribute to poor air quality in surrounding communities, leading to respiratory issues, cardiovascular diseases, and other health problems.
3. Water contamination: Leaks, spills, or improper disposal of wastewater from oil and gas operations can lead to the contamination of groundwater and surface water resources, potentially causing adverse health effects in nearby populations, such as reproductive issues, neurological disorders, and gastrointestinal problems.
4. Noise pollution: Drilling, hydraulic fracturing (fracking), and other oil and gas operations can generate high levels of noise that may negatively impact the mental and physical health of workers and nearby residents, leading to sleep disturbances, stress, and cardiovascular issues.
5. Climate change: The combustion of fossil fuels from oil and gas fields contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, driving climate change and associated health impacts such as heat-related illnesses, allergies, infectious diseases, and mental health disorders.

Petroleum is not a medical term, but it is a term used in the field of geology and petrochemicals. It refers to a naturally occurring liquid found in rock formations, which is composed of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, organic compounds consisting primarily of carbon and hydrogen.

Petroleum is not typically associated with medical definitions; however, it's worth noting that petroleum and its derivatives are widely used in the production of various medical supplies, equipment, and pharmaceuticals. Some examples include plastic syringes, disposable gloves, catheters, lubricants for medical devices, and many active ingredients in medications.

In a broader sense, environmental or occupational exposure to petroleum and its byproducts could lead to health issues, but these are not typically covered under medical definitions of petroleum itself.

Tea tree oil, also known as melaleuca oil, is an essential oil derived from the leaves of the tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), which is native to Australia. It has been used traditionally by Aboriginal people for centuries for its medicinal properties. Tea tree oil is known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic qualities. It contains a number of compounds, including terpinen-4-ol, that have been shown to kill bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Tea tree oil is often used topically and has been found to be effective in treating various skin conditions such as acne, fungal infections, insect bites, and minor wounds. However, it should not be ingested as it can cause adverse reactions when taken internally. It's important to dilute tea tree oil with a carrier oil before applying it to the skin, as it can cause irritation if used undiluted.

While tea tree oil has many potential benefits, it's essential to use it cautiously and under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as it may interact with certain medications or have adverse effects on people with specific health conditions.

Unsaturated dietary fats are a type of fat that are primarily found in foods from plants. They are called "unsaturated" because of their chemical structure, which contains one or more double bonds in the carbon chain of the fat molecule. These double bonds can be either monounsaturated (one double bond) or polyunsaturated (multiple double bonds).

Monounsaturated fats are found in foods such as olive oil, avocados, and nuts, while polyunsaturated fats are found in foods such as fatty fish, flaxseeds, and vegetable oils. Unsaturated fats are generally considered to be heart-healthy, as they can help lower levels of harmful cholesterol in the blood and reduce the risk of heart disease.

It is important to note that while unsaturated fats are healthier than saturated and trans fats, they are still high in calories and should be consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Croton oil is a highly toxic, irritant, and vesicant liquid that is derived from the seeds of the croton tiglium plant. It is a type of unsaturated fatty acid known as an octadecatrienoic acid, and it contains a mixture of various chemical compounds including crotonic acid, diglycerides, and phorbol esters.

Croton oil is commonly used in laboratory research as a pharmacological tool to study the mechanisms of inflammation, pain, and skin irritation. It can also be used as a veterinary medicine to treat certain types of intestinal parasites in animals. However, due to its high toxicity and potential for causing severe burns and blisters on the skin, it is not used in human medicine.

It's important to note that croton oil should only be handled by trained professionals in a controlled laboratory setting, as improper use or exposure can result in serious injury or death.

Cod liver oil is a dietary supplement derived from the livers of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) or other related species of fish. It is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which have been shown to support heart health, brain function, and eye health.

Additionally, cod liver oil contains high levels of vitamin A and vitamin D. Vitamin A is important for maintaining healthy vision, immune function, and cell growth, while vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone health, calcium metabolism, and immune function. However, it's worth noting that excessive intake of vitamin A can lead to toxicity, so it's essential to follow recommended dosage guidelines when consuming cod liver oil.

The oil is typically obtained by cooking and pressing the livers or through a solvent extraction process. It is available in liquid and capsule forms and is often used as a dietary supplement to support overall health and well-being.

Petroleum pollution is not a medical term per se, but it is an environmental and public health issue. It refers to the contamination of the environment, particularly water bodies, soil, and air, by petroleum products or hydrocarbons. These pollutants can originate from various sources, including oil spills, leaks from underground storage tanks, runoff from roads, and improper disposal of industrial waste.

The health effects of petroleum pollution can vary depending on the type and amount of exposure. Short-term exposure to high levels of hydrocarbons can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, while long-term exposure has been linked to more severe health problems such as neurological damage, cancer, and reproductive issues. Therefore, it is crucial to prevent and mitigate petroleum pollution to protect both the environment and public health.

Clove oil is a essential oil derived from the clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum), which is a member of the Myrtaceae family. It is produced by steam distillation of the dried flower buds of the plant. Clove oil is composed of several compounds, including eugenol (60-90%), eugenyl acetate, and caryophyllene.

Eugenol is the main active component in clove oil and has been found to have various medicinal properties such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Clove oil has been traditionally used in dentistry for its analgesic and antibacterial properties, and it is still used today as a dental analgesic and in mouthwashes and toothpastes.

However, it's important to note that clove oil can be toxic if ingested or applied undiluted to the skin, and it should be used with caution. It should not be used during pregnancy, and it may interact with certain medications such as blood thinners. Always consult a healthcare professional before using clove oil for medicinal purposes.

Monoterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C10H16. They are major components of many essential oils found in plants, giving them their characteristic fragrances and flavors. Monoterpenes can be further classified into various subgroups based on their structural features, such as acyclic (e.g., myrcene), monocyclic (e.g., limonene), and bicyclic (e.g., pinene) compounds. In the medical field, monoterpenes have been studied for their potential therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. However, more research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and clinical applications.

Arecaceae is the scientific name for the family of plants that includes palm trees. It is a large and diverse family with over 2,600 known species, distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The plants in this family are characterized by their long, unbranched stems, which can be underground or aboveground, and their large, compound leaves that are arranged in a crown at the top of the stem.

The fruits of many Arecaceae species are also economically important, including coconuts, dates, and acai berries. In addition to their use as food sources, palm trees have many other uses, such as providing materials for construction, fiber for making ropes and baskets, and shade in tropical environments.

Dietary fats, also known as fatty acids, are a major nutrient that the body needs for energy and various functions. They are an essential component of cell membranes and hormones, and they help the body absorb certain vitamins. There are several types of dietary fats:

1. Saturated fats: These are typically solid at room temperature and are found in animal products such as meat, butter, and cheese, as well as tropical oils like coconut and palm oil. Consuming a high amount of saturated fats can raise levels of unhealthy LDL cholesterol and increase the risk of heart disease.
2. Unsaturated fats: These are typically liquid at room temperature and can be further divided into monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. Monounsaturated fats, found in foods such as olive oil, avocados, and nuts, can help lower levels of unhealthy LDL cholesterol while maintaining levels of healthy HDL cholesterol. Polyunsaturated fats, found in foods such as fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, have similar effects on cholesterol levels and also provide essential omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids that the body cannot produce on its own.
3. Trans fats: These are unsaturated fats that have been chemically modified to be solid at room temperature. They are often found in processed foods such as baked goods, fried foods, and snack foods. Consuming trans fats can raise levels of unhealthy LDL cholesterol and lower levels of healthy HDL cholesterol, increasing the risk of heart disease.

It is recommended to limit intake of saturated and trans fats and to consume more unsaturated fats as part of a healthy diet.

An emulsion is a type of stable mixture of two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, which are normally unable to mix together uniformly. In an emulsion, one liquid (the dispersed phase) is broken down into small droplets and distributed throughout the other liquid (the continuous phase), creating a stable, cloudy mixture.

In medical terms, emulsions can be used in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. For example, certain medications may be formulated as oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions to improve their absorption, stability, or palatability. Similarly, some skincare products and makeup removers contain emulsifiers that help create stable mixtures of water and oils, allowing for effective cleansing and moisturizing.

Emulsions can also occur naturally in the body, such as in the digestion of fats. The bile salts produced by the liver help to form small droplets of dietary lipids (oil) within the watery environment of the small intestine, allowing for efficient absorption and metabolism of these nutrients.

Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a long aliphatic chain, which are important components of lipids and are widely distributed in living organisms. They can be classified based on the length of their carbon chain, saturation level (presence or absence of double bonds), and other structural features.

The two main types of fatty acids are:

1. Saturated fatty acids: These have no double bonds in their carbon chain and are typically solid at room temperature. Examples include palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0).
2. Unsaturated fatty acids: These contain one or more double bonds in their carbon chain and can be further classified into monounsaturated (one double bond) and polyunsaturated (two or more double bonds) fatty acids. Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid (C18:1, monounsaturated), linoleic acid (C18:2, polyunsaturated), and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3, polyunsaturated).

Fatty acids play crucial roles in various biological processes, such as energy storage, membrane structure, and cell signaling. Some essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through dietary sources.

Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fats that are essential for human health. The "omega-3" designation refers to the location of a double bond in the chemical structure of the fatty acid, specifically three carbon atoms from the end of the molecule.

There are three main types of omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). EPA and DHA are primarily found in fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, and sardines, as well as in algae. ALA is found in plant sources, such as flaxseeds, chia seeds, walnuts, and some vegetable oils.

Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to have numerous health benefits, including reducing inflammation, lowering the risk of heart disease, improving brain function, and supporting eye health. They are also important for fetal development during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is recommended that adults consume at least 250-500 milligrams of combined EPA and DHA per day, although higher intakes may be beneficial for certain conditions. ALA can be converted to EPA and DHA in the body, but this process is not very efficient, so it is important to consume preformed EPA and DHA from dietary sources or supplements.

Euphausiacea is a taxonomic category, specifically an order, that includes various types of planktonic crustaceans commonly known as krill. These small, shrimp-like animals are found in oceans all over the world and play a crucial role in marine ecosystems as a key food source for many larger animals, including whales, seals, and fish.

Euphausiids, as they are sometimes called, have a transparent exoskeleton and a distinctive bioluminescent ability that they use for communication, attracting prey, and evading predators. They are filter feeders, consuming large quantities of phytoplankton and other small organisms.

Euphausiacea is part of the larger decapod group, which also includes crabs, lobsters, and shrimp. The study of these animals and their role in marine ecosystems is important for understanding ocean health and biodiversity.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in fish and some algae. It is a 20-carbon long polyunsaturated fatty acid with five double bonds, and has the chemical formula C20:5 n-3. EPA is an essential fatty acid, meaning that it cannot be produced by the human body and must be obtained through the diet.

EPA is a precursor to a group of hormone-like substances called eicosanoids, which include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. These compounds play important roles in regulating various physiological processes, such as inflammation, blood clotting, and immune function.

EPA has been studied for its potential health benefits, including reducing inflammation, lowering the risk of heart disease, and improving symptoms of depression. It is often taken as a dietary supplement in the form of fish oil or algal oil. However, it is important to note that while some studies have suggested potential health benefits of EPA, more research is needed to confirm these effects and establish recommended dosages.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Gulf of Mexico" is not a medical concept or condition. The Gulf of Mexico is a large gulf located in the North American continent, surrounded by the United States to the north, Mexico to the west and south, and Cuba to the east. It's a geographical feature, specifically an oceanic gulf, and not related to medical terminology or healthcare.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a type of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for human health. It is an important structural component of the phospholipid membranes in the brain and retina, and plays a crucial role in the development and function of the nervous system. DHA is also involved in various physiological processes, including inflammation, blood pressure regulation, and immune response.

DHA is not produced in sufficient quantities by the human body and must be obtained through dietary sources or supplements. The richest dietary sources of DHA are fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, and sardines, as well as algae and other marine organisms. DHA can also be found in fortified foods such as eggs, milk, and juice.

Deficiency in DHA has been linked to various health issues, including cognitive decline, vision problems, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is recommended that individuals consume adequate amounts of DHA through diet or supplementation to maintain optimal health.

I apologize for the confusion, but "Lamiaceae" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic category in biology, specifically it is a family of flowering plants that includes many familiar herbs such as mint, rosemary, sage, basil, and lavender. These plants are often used in medicine, cooking, and for ornamental purposes. The Lamiaceae family is characterized by their square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped flowers.

Cottonseed oil is a type of vegetable oil that is extracted from the seeds of cotton plants. It is commonly used in cooking and food manufacturing due to its mild flavor, high smoke point, and long shelf life. Cottonseed oil is also used in the production of soaps, cosmetics, and industrial lubricants.

In a medical context, cottonseed oil is not typically used as a treatment or therapy. However, it does contain various nutrients and compounds that may have potential health benefits. For example, cottonseed oil is a good source of vitamin E, which has antioxidant properties that can help protect cells from damage. It also contains essential fatty acids like linoleic acid, which are important for maintaining heart health and reducing inflammation.

It's worth noting that cottonseed oil does contain small amounts of gossypol, a naturally occurring toxin found in cotton plants. While the levels of gossypol in cottonseed oil are generally considered safe for human consumption, high doses or long-term exposure can be harmful. Therefore, it's important to consume cottonseed oil in moderation and as part of a balanced diet.

Unsaturated fatty acids are a type of fatty acid that contain one or more double bonds in their carbon chain. These double bonds can be either cis or trans configurations, although the cis configuration is more common in nature. The presence of these double bonds makes unsaturated fatty acids more liquid at room temperature and less prone to spoilage than saturated fatty acids, which do not have any double bonds.

Unsaturated fatty acids can be further classified into two main categories: monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). MUFAs contain one double bond in their carbon chain, while PUFAs contain two or more.

Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid (a MUFA found in olive oil), linoleic acid (a PUFA found in vegetable oils), and alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 PUFA found in flaxseed and fish). Unsaturated fatty acids are essential nutrients for the human body, as they play important roles in various physiological processes such as membrane structure, inflammation, and blood clotting. It is recommended to consume a balanced diet that includes both MUFAs and PUFAs to maintain good health.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Thymus Plant" refers to a type of plant and does not have a medical definition. The Thymus plant belongs to the mint family and is commonly used as an herb in cooking. It is known for its small, fragrant leaves and is often used to add flavor to dishes. In some cases, the essential oil from the thymus plant may be used in medicinal products, such as throat lozenges or mouthwashes, due to its antiseptic properties. However, a "Thymus plant" itself does not have a medical definition. If you have any questions about medicinal plants or herbs, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!

Hydrogenation, in the context of food science and biochemistry, refers to the process of adding hydrogen atoms to certain unsaturated fats or oils, converting them into saturated fats. This is typically done through a chemical reaction using hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst, often a metal such as nickel or palladium.

The process of hydrogenation increases the stability and shelf life of fats and oils, but it can also lead to the formation of trans fats, which have been linked to various health issues, including heart disease. Therefore, the use of partially hydrogenated oils has been largely phased out in many countries.

'Origanum' is not a medical term itself, but it is the genus name for a group of plants that includes oregano and marjoram. These plants are part of the Lamiaceae family, also known as the mint family.

Oregano, specifically Origanum vulgare, has been used in traditional medicine for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The essential oil of oregano is rich in carvacrol and thymol, which are believed to contribute to its medicinal effects. However, it's important to note that the scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited, and more research is needed before any definitive medical claims can be made.

Marjoram, Origanum majorana, has also been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, including as a digestive aid, an antispasmodic, and a sedative. Its essential oil contains compounds such as terpinen-4-ol and γ-terpinene, which may have medicinal properties. However, similarly to oregano, more research is needed before any firm medical conclusions can be drawn about the use of marjoram in treatment.

In medical terms, "seeds" are often referred to as a small amount of a substance, such as a radioactive material or drug, that is inserted into a tissue or placed inside a capsule for the purpose of treating a medical condition. This can include procedures like brachytherapy, where seeds containing radioactive materials are used in the treatment of cancer to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Similarly, in some forms of drug delivery, seeds containing medication can be used to gradually release the drug into the body over an extended period of time.

It's important to note that "seeds" have different meanings and applications depending on the medical context. In other cases, "seeds" may simply refer to small particles or structures found in the body, such as those present in the eye's retina.

Triglycerides are the most common type of fat in the body, and they're found in the food we eat. They're carried in the bloodstream to provide energy to the cells in our body. High levels of triglycerides in the blood can increase the risk of heart disease, especially in combination with other risk factors such as high LDL (bad) cholesterol, low HDL (good) cholesterol, and high blood pressure.

It's important to note that while triglycerides are a type of fat, they should not be confused with cholesterol, which is a waxy substance found in the cells of our body. Both triglycerides and cholesterol are important for maintaining good health, but high levels of either can increase the risk of heart disease.

Triglyceride levels are measured through a blood test called a lipid panel or lipid profile. A normal triglyceride level is less than 150 mg/dL. Borderline-high levels range from 150 to 199 mg/dL, high levels range from 200 to 499 mg/dL, and very high levels are 500 mg/dL or higher.

Elevated triglycerides can be caused by various factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and certain medical conditions like diabetes, hypothyroidism, and kidney disease. Medications such as beta-blockers, steroids, and diuretics can also raise triglyceride levels.

Lifestyle changes such as losing weight, exercising regularly, eating a healthy diet low in saturated and trans fats, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, and quitting smoking can help lower triglyceride levels. In some cases, medication may be necessary to reduce triglycerides to recommended levels.

Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 fatty acid that the body derives from linoleic acid, another omega-6 fatty acid. It is found in small amounts in some plant-based oils such as evening primrose oil, borage oil, and black currant seed oil. GLA has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory effects and has been suggested to help with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, eczema, and diabetic neuropathy. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential health benefits.

"Lippia" is a genus of plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. Some species of Lippia are used in traditional medicine and have been studied for their potential medicinal properties. For example, Lippia citriodora (also known as lemon balm) has been used in herbal medicine for its calming and sedative effects. Lippia graveolens (also known as Mexican oregano) is used as a spice and has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. However, it's important to note that the use of these plants as medicine should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can interact with other medications and have potential side effects.

"Mentha piperita" is the scientific name for peppermint, which is a hybrid plant that's a cross between watermint and spearmint. It is a commonly used herb in medicine, particularly in the form of peppermint oil. The oil has been found to have several medicinal properties including antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic effects. It is often used to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), nausea, and vomiting. Additionally, it has been found to be effective in providing relief from headaches and muscle pain.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mustard Plant" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Mustard plants are actually a type of crop plant from the Brassicaceae family, which also includes vegetables like broccoli and cabbage. The seeds from these plants are often ground to make mustard condiments and spices. If you're looking for information related to potential medicinal uses or health effects of mustard plants or their derivatives, I would be happy to help with that.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful analytical technique that combines the separating power of gas chromatography with the identification capabilities of mass spectrometry. This method is used to separate, identify, and quantify different components in complex mixtures.

In GC-MS, the mixture is first vaporized and carried through a long, narrow column by an inert gas (carrier gas). The various components in the mixture interact differently with the stationary phase inside the column, leading to their separation based on their partition coefficients between the mobile and stationary phases. As each component elutes from the column, it is then introduced into the mass spectrometer for analysis.

The mass spectrometer ionizes the sample, breaks it down into smaller fragments, and measures the mass-to-charge ratio of these fragments. This information is used to generate a mass spectrum, which serves as a unique "fingerprint" for each compound. By comparing the generated mass spectra with reference libraries or known standards, analysts can identify and quantify the components present in the original mixture.

GC-MS has wide applications in various fields such as forensics, environmental analysis, drug testing, and research laboratories due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and ability to analyze volatile and semi-volatile compounds.

Thymol is not a medical condition or term, but rather it's an organic compound that is commonly used in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. Thymol is a natural monoterpene phenol derivative of cymene, found in oil of thyme and other essential oils. It has antiseptic, antibiotic, and antifungal properties, which makes it useful as a disinfectant and preservative in various medical and dental applications.

In some contexts, thymol may be used to treat conditions related to fungal or bacterial infections, but it is not typically used as a standalone treatment. Instead, it's often combined with other active ingredients in medications such as mouthwashes, throat lozenges, and topical creams.

It's important to note that thymol should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as its misuse or overuse can lead to adverse effects.

Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds produced by a variety of plants, including cannabis. They are responsible for the distinctive aromas and flavors found in different strains of cannabis. Terpenes have been found to have various therapeutic benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties. Some terpenes may also enhance the psychoactive effects of THC, the main psychoactive compound in cannabis. It's important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the potential medical benefits and risks associated with terpenes.

I couldn't find a medical definition for the term "butter" in and of itself, as it is not a medical term. However, butter is a common food item that can be mentioned in a medical context. Butter is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk to separate the fat globules from the buttermilk. It is used as a spread, cooking fat, and ingredient in various foods.

In some cases, butter may be relevant in a medical setting due to its nutritional content. Butter is high in saturated fats and cholesterol, which can contribute to an increased risk of heart disease when consumed in excess. Therefore, individuals with certain medical conditions, such as high blood cholesterol levels or a history of heart disease, may be advised to limit their intake of butter and other high-fat dairy products.

Additionally, some people may have allergies or sensitivities to dairy products, including butter, which can cause symptoms such as hives, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, or digestive problems. In these cases, avoiding butter and other dairy products is important for managing the allergy or sensitivity.

A dietary supplement is a product that contains nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs or other botanicals, and is intended to be taken by mouth, to supplement the diet. Dietary supplements can include a wide range of products, such as vitamin and mineral supplements, herbal supplements, and sports nutrition products.

Dietary supplements are not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, or alleviate the effects of diseases. They are intended to be used as a way to add extra nutrients to the diet or to support specific health functions. It is important to note that dietary supplements are not subject to the same rigorous testing and regulations as drugs, so it is important to choose products carefully and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns about using them.

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a type of essential fatty acid, which means that it cannot be produced by the human body and must be obtained through diet. It is an 18-carbon fatty acid with three cis double bonds, and its chemical formula is C18:3 n-3 or 9c,12c,15c-18:3.

ALA is one of the two essential omega-3 fatty acids, along with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ALA is found in a variety of plant sources, including flaxseeds, chia seeds, hemp seeds, walnuts, soybeans, and some vegetable oils such as canola and soybean oil.

ALA is an important precursor to EPA and DHA, which have been shown to have numerous health benefits, including reducing inflammation, improving heart health, and supporting brain function. However, the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA is limited in humans, and it is recommended to consume foods rich in EPA and DHA directly, such as fatty fish and fish oil supplements.

Medically speaking, a deficiency in ALA can lead to various health issues, including dry skin, hair loss, poor wound healing, and increased risk of heart disease. Therefore, it is important to include adequate amounts of ALA-rich foods in the diet to maintain optimal health.

"Lavandula" is the biological name for a genus of plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It includes around 39 species of flowering plants native to the Old World, primarily the Mediterranean region and parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe. The most common species is Lavandula angustifolia, also known as English lavender or true lavender. These plants are well-known for their fragrant purple flowers and have been used in various applications, such as perfumes, essential oils, and herbal remedies, due to their pleasant scent and potential medicinal properties. However, it is important to note that the term "Lavandula" itself does not constitute a medical definition but rather refers to a group of plants with diverse uses and benefits.

Erucic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid, also known as cis-13-docosenoic acid. Its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)11COOH. It is found in the seeds of members of the Brassica family of plants, including mustard, rapeseed, and turnip.

Erucic acid has been associated with certain health concerns, particularly in relation to heart function. As a result, many modern varieties of rapeseed have been bred to contain very low levels of erucic acid. These low-erucic acid varieties are used to produce canola oil, which is widely consumed and considered to be a healthy cooking oil.

It's worth noting that while erucic acid has been the subject of some concern in the past, more recent research suggests that it may not be as harmful as previously thought. However, it is still recommended that individuals consume erucic acid in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. They include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, and phospholipids. Lipids serve many important functions in the body, including energy storage, acting as structural components of cell membranes, and serving as signaling molecules. High levels of certain lipids, particularly cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) are a type of fatty acid that contains one double bond in its chemical structure. The presence of the double bond means that there is one less hydrogen atom, hence the term "unsaturated." In monounsaturated fats, the double bond occurs between the second and third carbon atoms in the chain, which makes them "mono"unsaturated.

MUFAs are considered to be a healthy type of fat because they can help reduce levels of harmful cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein or LDL) while maintaining levels of beneficial cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein or HDL). They have also been associated with a reduced risk of heart disease and improved insulin sensitivity.

Common sources of monounsaturated fats include olive oil, canola oil, avocados, nuts, and seeds. It is recommended to consume MUFAs as part of a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods.

Eucalyptus is defined in medical terms as a genus of mostly Australian trees and shrubs that have aromatic leaves and bark, and oil-containing foliage. The oil from eucalyptus leaves contains a chemical called eucalyptol, which has been found to have several medicinal properties.

Eucalyptus oil has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat various health conditions such as respiratory problems, fever, and pain. It has anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, decongestant, and expectorant properties, making it a popular remedy for colds, coughs, and congestion.

Eucalyptus oil is also used in modern medicine as an ingredient in over-the-counter products such as throat lozenges, cough syrups, and topical pain relievers. It is important to note that eucalyptus oil should not be ingested undiluted, as it can be toxic in large amounts.

In addition to its medicinal uses, eucalyptus trees are also known for their rapid growth and ability to drain swampland, making them useful in land reclamation projects.

'Cymbopogon' is a genus of tropical grasses in the family Poaceae, also known as lemongrass. It includes several species that are used for their aromatic leaves and essential oils, which have various applications in cooking, traditional medicine, and perfumery. Some common examples of Cymbopogon species include C. citratus (West Indian lemongrass), C. flexuosus (East Indian lemongrass), and C. nardus (citronella grass).

A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.

A diet, in medical terms, refers to the planned and regular consumption of food and drinks. It is a balanced selection of nutrient-rich foods that an individual eats on a daily or periodic basis to meet their energy needs and maintain good health. A well-balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products.

A diet may also be prescribed for therapeutic purposes, such as in the management of certain medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or obesity. In these cases, a healthcare professional may recommend specific restrictions or modifications to an individual's regular diet to help manage their condition and improve their overall health.

It is important to note that a healthy and balanced diet should be tailored to an individual's age, gender, body size, activity level, and any underlying medical conditions. Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian or nutritionist, can help ensure that an individual's dietary needs are being met in a safe and effective way.

Aerial parts of plants refer to the above-ground portions of a plant, including leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. These parts are often used in medicine, either in their entirety or as isolated extracts, to take advantage of their medicinal properties. The specific components of aerial parts that are used in medicine can vary depending on the plant species and the desired therapeutic effects. For example, the leaves of some plants may contain active compounds that have anti-inflammatory or analgesic properties, while the flowers of others may be rich in antioxidants or compounds with sedative effects. In general, aerial parts of plants are used in herbal medicine to treat a wide range of conditions, including respiratory, digestive, and nervous system disorders, as well as skin conditions and infections.

Cyclohexenes are organic compounds that consist of a six-carbon ring (cyclohexane) with one double bond. The general chemical formula for cyclohexene is C6H10. The double bond can introduce various chemical properties and reactions to the compound, such as electrophilic addition reactions.

Cyclohexenes are used in the synthesis of other organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. Some cyclohexene derivatives also occur naturally, for example, in essential oils and certain plant extracts. However, it is important to note that pure cyclohexene has a mild odor and is considered a hazardous substance, with potential health effects such as skin and eye irritation, respiratory issues, and potential long-term effects upon repeated exposure.

Distillation is a laboratory technique or industrial process in which a mixture is heated to produce a vapor, which is then condensed and collected as a purified liquid. In the medical context, distillation may refer to the process of extracting or purifying certain substances, such as essential oils from plants or alcohol for use in medicinal preparations. It is also used in the production of pharmaceuticals and chemical compounds. The process works by taking advantage of differences in volatility between components in a mixture: those with lower boiling points vaporize first and are condensed separately, allowing for their isolation.

"Mentha" is a genus name in botanical taxonomy, which includes various species of mint plants. While it's not a medical term per se, some mentha species have been used in traditional medicine and may be referenced in medical literature or natural health practices. The essential oils derived from these plants, such as peppermint (Mentha piperita) and spearmint (Mentha spicata), are often used in aromatherapy, topical applications, and as flavorings in oral care products and medications. They have been studied for potential benefits related to digestion, pain relief, and mental clarity, although more research is needed to confirm these effects and establish appropriate dosages and safety guidelines.

Artemisia is a genus of plants in the Asteraceae family, also known as the daisy family. It includes several species that are commonly known as mugworts, wormwoods, and sagebrushes. Some Artemisia species have been used in traditional medicine for their medicinal properties. For example, Artemisia annua, or sweet wormwood, contains artemisinin, a compound that has been found to be effective against the malaria parasite. However, it's important to note that some Artemisia species can be toxic and should only be used under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.

"Melaleuca" is a genus of plants, also known as tea trees, that are native to Australia. The term itself is not typically used in medical contexts, but some Melaleuca species do have medicinal properties. For example, the oil from Melaleuca alternifolia, commonly called tea tree oil, has been found to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects and is sometimes used topically for skin conditions such as acne, fungal infections, and insect bites. However, it's important to note that essential oils should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare provider, as they can cause skin irritation or other adverse reactions in some people.

Fats, also known as lipids, are a broad group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. In the body, fats serve as a major fuel source, providing twice the amount of energy per gram compared to carbohydrates and proteins. They also play crucial roles in maintaining cell membrane structure and function, serving as precursors for various signaling molecules, and assisting in the absorption and transport of fat-soluble vitamins.

There are several types of fats:

1. Saturated fats: These fats contain no double bonds between their carbon atoms and are typically solid at room temperature. They are mainly found in animal products, such as meat, dairy, and eggs, as well as in some plant-based sources like coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Consuming high amounts of saturated fats can raise levels of harmful low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood, increasing the risk of heart disease.
2. Unsaturated fats: These fats contain one or more double bonds between their carbon atoms and are usually liquid at room temperature. They can be further divided into monounsaturated fats (one double bond) and polyunsaturated fats (two or more double bonds). Unsaturated fats, especially those from plant sources, tend to have beneficial effects on heart health by lowering LDL cholesterol levels and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
3. Trans fats: These are unsaturated fats that have undergone a process called hydrogenation, which adds hydrogen atoms to the double bonds, making them more saturated and solid at room temperature. Partially hydrogenated trans fats are commonly found in processed foods, such as baked goods, fried foods, and snack foods. Consumption of trans fats has been linked to increased risks of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.
4. Omega-3 fatty acids: These are a specific type of polyunsaturated fat that is essential for human health. They cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet. Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to have numerous health benefits, including reducing inflammation, improving heart health, and supporting brain function.
5. Omega-6 fatty acids: These are another type of polyunsaturated fat that is essential for human health. They can be synthesized by the body but must also be obtained through diet. While omega-6 fatty acids are necessary for various bodily functions, excessive consumption can contribute to inflammation and other health issues. It is recommended to maintain a balanced ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in the diet.

I am not aware of a specific medical definition for "Jatropha." Jatropha is a genus of plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. Some species of Jatropha are used in traditional medicine in various parts of the world, but there is no widely accepted or established medical definition for the term.

In a broader sense, if you're referring to a medical aspect related to Jatropha plants, it might be about the pharmacological properties, toxicity, or potential uses of certain species in traditional medicine. For instance, Jatropha curcas, one of the most commonly known species, has been used in traditional medicine for treating various conditions such as wounds, diarrhea, and skin diseases. However, it also contains toxic compounds that can cause adverse effects if not properly prepared or administered.

If you're looking for specific pharmacological or medicinal information about Jatropha, I would recommend consulting scientific literature or medical resources related to the particular species and its traditional or modern uses.

Linoleic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid, specifically an omega-6 fatty acid. It is called "essential" because our bodies cannot produce it; therefore, it must be obtained through our diet. Linoleic acid is a crucial component of cell membranes and is involved in the production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that regulate various bodily functions such as inflammation, blood pressure, and muscle contraction.

Foods rich in linoleic acid include vegetable oils (such as soybean, corn, and sunflower oil), nuts, seeds, and some fruits and vegetables. It is important to maintain a balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in the diet, as excessive consumption of omega-6 fatty acids can contribute to inflammation and other health issues.

Ethiodized oil is a type of poppy seed oil that has been chemically treated with iodine. It is a highly dense form of iodine, which is used as a radiocontrast medium for imaging studies, such as X-rays and CT scans. The iodine in the ethiodized oil absorbs the X-rays and makes certain structures in the body more visible on the images. It is typically used to help diagnose conditions related to the gastrointestinal tract, such as ulcers or tumors.

It's important to note that the use of ethiodized oil as a radiocontrast medium has declined in recent years due to the development of newer, safer contrast agents. Additionally, there are potential risks associated with its use, including allergic reactions and kidney damage, so it is typically used only when other options are not available or have been determined to be inappropriate.

Chromatography, gas (GC) is a type of chromatographic technique used to separate, identify, and analyze volatile compounds or vapors. In this method, the sample mixture is vaporized and carried through a column packed with a stationary phase by an inert gas (carrier gas). The components of the mixture get separated based on their partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases due to differences in their adsorption/desorption rates or solubility.

The separated components elute at different times, depending on their interaction with the stationary phase, which can be detected and quantified by various detection systems like flame ionization detector (FID), thermal conductivity detector (TCD), electron capture detector (ECD), or mass spectrometer (MS). Gas chromatography is widely used in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, environmental science, forensics, and food analysis.

Insect repellents are substances that are applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces to deter insects from landing or crawling on that surface. They work by masking the scents that attract insects or by repelling them with unpleasant odors. Insect repellents can be chemical-based, such as those containing DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), picaridin, or IR3535, or they can be natural, such as those containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or citronella. These substances work by interfering with the insect's ability to detect human scent, making it less likely that they will come into contact with the person using the repellent. Insect repellents are an important tool in preventing insect-borne diseases such as Lyme disease, West Nile virus, and Zika virus.

Cholesterol is a type of lipid (fat) molecule that is an essential component of cell membranes and is also used to make certain hormones and vitamins in the body. It is produced by the liver and is also obtained from animal-derived foods such as meat, dairy products, and eggs.

Cholesterol does not mix with blood, so it is transported through the bloodstream by lipoproteins, which are particles made up of both lipids and proteins. There are two main types of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol: low-density lipoproteins (LDL), also known as "bad" cholesterol, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), also known as "good" cholesterol.

High levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood can lead to a buildup of cholesterol in the walls of the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. On the other hand, high levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with a lower risk of these conditions because HDL helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream and transport it back to the liver for disposal.

It is important to maintain healthy levels of cholesterol through a balanced diet, regular exercise, and sometimes medication if necessary. Regular screening is also recommended to monitor cholesterol levels and prevent health complications.

Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are a type of fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through diet. There are two main types of essential fatty acids: linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3).

Linoleic acid is found in foods such as vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds, while alpha-linolenic acid is found in foods such as flaxseeds, walnuts, and fatty fish. These essential fatty acids play important roles in the body, including maintaining the fluidity and function of cell membranes, producing eicosanoids (hormone-like substances that regulate various bodily functions), and supporting the development and function of the brain and nervous system.

Deficiency in essential fatty acids can lead to a variety of health problems, including skin disorders, poor growth and development, and increased risk of heart disease. It is important to maintain a balanced intake of both omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, as excessive consumption of omega-6 relative to omega-3 has been linked to inflammation and chronic diseases.

"Cooking" is not a medical term, but it generally refers to the process of preparing and cooking food. In a medical or nutritional context, "cooking" may refer to the application of heat to food in order to make it safe and more palatable to eat, as well as to improve its nutritional value and digestibility.

Cooking can also have an impact on the nutrient content of food. For example, cooking certain vegetables can increase their bioavailability, or the amount of a nutrient that is available for absorption by the body. On the other hand, cooking some foods at high temperatures or for long periods of time can lead to the loss of certain nutrients, such as vitamins C and B.

It's important to note that the way food is cooked can also affect its safety. For example, undercooked meat, poultry, and seafood can harbor harmful bacteria, such as Salmonella and E. coli, which can cause foodborne illness. It's essential to cook these foods thoroughly to reduce the risk of infection.

In summary, while "cooking" is not a medical term, it has important implications for food safety, nutrition, and digestion.

"Foeniculum" is the genus name for a plant species that includes fennel. In a medical context, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is known for its seeds and essential oil, which have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes such as improving digestion, reducing bloating, and alleviating menstrual discomfort. The seeds and oil contain several compounds with potential therapeutic effects, including anethole, fenchone, and estragole. However, it's important to note that the use of fennel in modern medicine is not well-studied, and more research is needed to establish its safety and efficacy.

Omega-6 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fats that are essential for human health. The "omega-6" designation refers to the location of a double bond in the chemical structure of the fatty acid. Specifically, the double bond is located six carbons from the omega end of the molecule.

Omega-6 fatty acids play important roles in the body, including supporting brain function, stimulating skin and hair growth, regulating metabolism, and maintaining the reproductive system. They are also involved in the production of hormones that regulate inflammation and blood clotting.

The most common omega-6 fatty acids found in the Western diet include linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA). LA is found in vegetable oils such as soybean, corn, and sunflower oil, while AA is found in animal products such as meat, poultry, and eggs.

While omega-6 fatty acids are essential for human health, it's important to maintain a balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. A diet that is too high in omega-6 fatty acids and low in omega-3 fatty acids can contribute to chronic inflammation and increase the risk of heart disease, cancer, and other health problems. Therefore, it's recommended to consume omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in a ratio of 2:1 to 4:1.

Lipid metabolism is the process by which the body breaks down and utilizes lipids (fats) for various functions, such as energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone synthesis. This complex process involves several enzymes and pathways that regulate the digestion, absorption, transport, storage, and consumption of fats in the body.

The main types of lipids involved in metabolism include triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and fatty acids. The breakdown of these lipids begins in the digestive system, where enzymes called lipases break down dietary fats into smaller molecules called fatty acids and glycerol. These molecules are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the liver, which is the main site of lipid metabolism.

In the liver, fatty acids may be further broken down for energy production or used to synthesize new lipids. Excess fatty acids may be stored as triglycerides in specialized cells called adipocytes (fat cells) for later use. Cholesterol is also metabolized in the liver, where it may be used to synthesize bile acids, steroid hormones, and other important molecules.

Disorders of lipid metabolism can lead to a range of health problems, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These conditions may be caused by genetic factors, lifestyle habits, or a combination of both. Proper diagnosis and management of lipid metabolism disorders typically involves a combination of dietary changes, exercise, and medication.

Chemical water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater) with harmful chemicals or substances that negatively impact water quality and pose a threat to human health, aquatic life, and the environment. These chemical pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural activities, waste disposal, oil spills, and chemical accidents. Examples of chemical pollutants include heavy metals (such as mercury, lead, and cadmium), pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other hazardous substances. These chemicals can have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects on living organisms and can disrupt ecosystems, leading to decreased biodiversity and impaired ecological functions.

Phospholipids are a major class of lipids that consist of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails. The head is composed of a phosphate group, which is often bound to an organic molecule such as choline, ethanolamine, serine or inositol. The tails are made up of two fatty acid chains.

Phospholipids are a key component of cell membranes and play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and function of the cell. They form a lipid bilayer, with the hydrophilic heads facing outwards and the hydrophobic tails facing inwards, creating a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.

Phospholipids are also involved in various cellular processes such as signal transduction, intracellular trafficking, and protein function regulation. Additionally, they serve as emulsifiers in the digestive system, helping to break down fats in the diet.

"Satureja" is a genus of plants, also known as savory, that belongs to the family Lamiaceae. There are two main species, Winter Savory (Satureja montana) and Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis), which are native to the Mediterranean region. These plants have been used traditionally in cooking for their aromatic leaves and in traditional medicine for their potential health benefits. However, it's important to note that the use of "Satureja" as a medical treatment should be under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as there is limited scientific evidence to support its effectiveness in treating specific medical conditions.

The liver is a large, solid organ located in the upper right portion of the abdomen, beneath the diaphragm and above the stomach. It plays a vital role in several bodily functions, including:

1. Metabolism: The liver helps to metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins from the food we eat into energy and nutrients that our bodies can use.
2. Detoxification: The liver detoxifies harmful substances in the body by breaking them down into less toxic forms or excreting them through bile.
3. Synthesis: The liver synthesizes important proteins, such as albumin and clotting factors, that are necessary for proper bodily function.
4. Storage: The liver stores glucose, vitamins, and minerals that can be released when the body needs them.
5. Bile production: The liver produces bile, a digestive juice that helps to break down fats in the small intestine.
6. Immune function: The liver plays a role in the immune system by filtering out bacteria and other harmful substances from the blood.

Overall, the liver is an essential organ that plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and well-being.

'Coriandrum' is the medical term for a plant species that belongs to the family Apiaceae, also known as the carrot or parsley family. The most common and well-known member of this genus is Coriandrum sativum, which is commonly referred to as coriander or cilantro.

Coriander has been used for centuries in cooking and traditional medicine. Both its leaves and seeds have a distinct aroma and flavor that are widely used in various cuisines around the world. The leaves are often called cilantro, especially in North America, while the seeds are known as coriander.

In addition to its culinary uses, coriander has been reported to possess several medicinal properties. It has been traditionally used to treat digestive disorders such as nausea, bloating, and flatulence. Some studies suggest that coriander may have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, although more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits.

It's worth noting that while 'Coriandrum' is a medical term for the plant genus, it is not typically used in clinical or medical contexts unless discussing its medicinal properties or potential therapeutic applications.

Animal feed refers to any substance or mixture of substances, whether processed, unprocessed, or partially processed, which is intended to be used as food for animals, including fish, without further processing. It includes ingredients such as grains, hay, straw, oilseed meals, and by-products from the milling, processing, and manufacturing industries. Animal feed can be in the form of pellets, crumbles, mash, or other forms, and is used to provide nutrients such as energy, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals to support the growth, reproduction, and maintenance of animals. It's important to note that animal feed must be safe, nutritious, and properly labeled to ensure the health and well-being of the animals that consume it.

Body weight is the measure of the force exerted on a scale or balance by an object's mass, most commonly expressed in units such as pounds (lb) or kilograms (kg). In the context of medical definitions, body weight typically refers to an individual's total weight, which includes their skeletal muscle, fat, organs, and bodily fluids.

Healthcare professionals often use body weight as a basic indicator of overall health status, as it can provide insights into various aspects of a person's health, such as nutritional status, metabolic function, and risk factors for certain diseases. For example, being significantly underweight or overweight can increase the risk of developing conditions like malnutrition, diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer.

It is important to note that body weight alone may not provide a complete picture of an individual's health, as it does not account for factors such as muscle mass, bone density, or body composition. Therefore, healthcare professionals often use additional measures, such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and blood tests, to assess overall health status more comprehensively.

Eugenol is defined in medical terms as a phenolic compound that is the main active component of oil of cloves, which is derived from the clove tree (Syzygium aromaticum). It has been used in dentistry for its analgesic and antibacterial properties. In addition, eugenol is used in perfumes, flavorings, and as a local antiseptic and anesthetic in medical applications. It's also used in some mouthwashes and toothpastes. However, it can cause allergic reactions in some people, so its use should be monitored carefully.

Linoleic acid is a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is essential for human health. It is one of the two essential fatty acids, meaning that it cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through diet.

Linoleic acid is a member of the omega-6 fatty acid family and has a chemical structure with two double bonds at the sixth and ninth carbon atoms from the methyl end of the molecule. It is found in various plant sources, such as vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, corn, safflower, and sunflower oils), nuts, seeds, and whole grains.

Linoleic acid plays a crucial role in maintaining the fluidity and function of cell membranes, producing eicosanoids (hormone-like substances that regulate various bodily functions), and supporting skin health. However, excessive intake of linoleic acid can lead to an imbalance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, which may contribute to inflammation and chronic diseases. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain a balanced diet with appropriate amounts of both omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids.

Biofuels are defined as fuels derived from organic materials such as plants, algae, and animal waste. These fuels can be produced through various processes, including fermentation, esterification, and transesterification. The most common types of biofuels include biodiesel, ethanol, and biogas.

Biodiesel is a type of fuel that is produced from vegetable oils or animal fats through a process called transesterification. It can be used in diesel engines with little or no modification and can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional fossil fuels.

Ethanol is a type of alcohol that is produced through the fermentation of sugars found in crops such as corn, sugarcane, and switchgrass. It is typically blended with gasoline to create a fuel known as E85, which contains 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline.

Biogas is a type of fuel that is produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic materials such as food waste, sewage sludge, and agricultural waste. It is composed primarily of methane and carbon dioxide and can be used to generate electricity or heat.

Overall, biofuels offer a renewable and more sustainable alternative to traditional fossil fuels, helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease dependence on non-renewable resources.

"Eugenia" is a term that comes from the field of genetics and refers to the practice or study of improving the genetic features of a population. The name "Eugenics" was coined by Francis Galton, a British statistician and scientist, in 1883.

The goal of eugenics is to increase the frequency of traits that are considered desirable and decrease the frequency of traits that are considered undesirable. This can be achieved through various methods, including selective breeding, genetic engineering, and population screening.

It's important to note that eugenics has a controversial history, as it was used in the past to justify forced sterilization, racial discrimination, and other human rights abuses. Today, the term "eugenics" is often associated with coercive or discriminatory practices, and its use is generally discouraged. Instead, modern genetics focuses on providing individuals with information and options for making informed decisions about their own health and reproduction.

'Ocimum basilicum' is the scientific name for the herb commonly known as sweet basil. While it is not a medical term itself, basil has been used in various traditional medicinal practices for its supposed benefits. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support many of these claims. It is more widely recognized as a culinary herb and essential oil source.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Helianthus" is not a medical term. It is the genus name for sunflowers in the family Asteraceae. Sunflowers are native to North America and are known for their large, daisy-like flowers and tall stems. They have various uses, including ornamental purposes, food (seeds and oil), and medicinal applications in some traditional systems of medicine. However, there isn't a widely accepted medical definition associated with the term "Helianthus."

Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units and have the molecular formula C15H24. They are naturally occurring organic compounds that are synthesized by a variety of plants, insects, and other organisms. Sesquiterpenes play important roles in plant defense and communication, and some have been found to have medicinal properties.

Germacrane is a particular type of sesquiterpene that contains a specific carbon skeleton. It is a bicyclic compound with a five-membered ring fused to a seven-membered ring. Germacrane and its derivatives are found in various essential oils and have been studied for their potential therapeutic applications, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities.

"Rosmarinus" is the genus name for rosemary, a woody herb that belongs to the mint family (Lamiaceae). The most common species is Rosmarinus officinalis. It is native to the Mediterranean region and is widely used in cooking, cosmetics, and traditional medicine. In a medical context, "Rosmarinus" would refer to the medicinal properties or uses of the rosemary plant.

"Olea" is a genus name in the plant kingdom, which includes the common olive tree species known as "Olea europaea." This tree is well-known for its fruit, olives, and its oil, which have been used in various culinary, medicinal, and cosmetic applications throughout history.

However, I couldn't find a recognized medical definition for 'Olea' or any of its components. While the olive tree and its products do have several health benefits, they are not typically referred to in medical terminology as a disease, condition, or diagnostic category.

Environmental biodegradation is the breakdown of materials, especially man-made substances such as plastics and industrial chemicals, by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi in order to use them as a source of energy or nutrients. This process occurs naturally in the environment and helps to break down organic matter into simpler compounds that can be more easily absorbed and assimilated by living organisms.

Biodegradation in the environment is influenced by various factors, including the chemical composition of the substance being degraded, the environmental conditions (such as temperature, moisture, and pH), and the type and abundance of microorganisms present. Some substances are more easily biodegraded than others, and some may even be resistant to biodegradation altogether.

Biodegradation is an important process for maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, as it helps to prevent the accumulation of harmful substances in the environment. However, some man-made substances, such as certain types of plastics and industrial chemicals, may persist in the environment for long periods of time due to their resistance to biodegradation, leading to negative impacts on wildlife and ecosystems.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing biodegradable materials that can break down more easily in the environment as a way to reduce waste and minimize environmental harm. These efforts have led to the development of various biodegradable plastics, coatings, and other materials that are designed to degrade under specific environmental conditions.

Polysorbates are a type of nonionic surfactant (a compound that lowers the surface tension between two substances, such as oil and water) commonly used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics. They are derived from sorbitol and reacted with ethylene oxide to create a polyoxyethylene structure. The most common types of polysorbates used in medicine are polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, and polysorbate 60, which differ in the number of oxyethylene groups in their molecular structure.

Polysorbates are often added to pharmaceutical formulations as emulsifiers, solubilizers, or stabilizers. They help to improve the solubility and stability of drugs that are otherwise insoluble in water, allowing for better absorption and bioavailability. Polysorbates can also prevent the aggregation and precipitation of proteins in injectable formulations.

In addition to their use in pharmaceuticals, polysorbates are also used as emulsifiers in food products such as ice cream, salad dressings, and baked goods. They help to mix oil and water-based ingredients together and prevent them from separating. In cosmetics, polysorbates are used as surfactants, solubilizers, and stabilizers in a variety of personal care products.

It is important to note that some people may have allergic reactions to polysorbates, particularly those with sensitivities to sorbitol or other ingredients used in their production. Therefore, it is essential to carefully consider the potential risks and benefits of using products containing polysorbates in individuals who may be at risk for adverse reactions.

Alkanes are a group of saturated hydrocarbons, which are characterized by the presence of single bonds between carbon atoms in their molecular structure. The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2, where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

The simplest and shortest alkane is methane (CH4), which contains one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. As the number of carbon atoms increases, the length and complexity of the alkane chain also increase. For example, ethane (C2H6) contains two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms, while propane (C3H8) contains three carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms.

Alkanes are important components of fossil fuels such as natural gas, crude oil, and coal. They are also used as starting materials in the production of various chemicals and materials, including plastics, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals. In the medical field, alkanes may be used as anesthetics or as solvents for various medical applications.

Chemical water pollutants refer to harmful chemicals or substances that contaminate bodies of water, making them unsafe for human use and harmful to aquatic life. These pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural runoff, sewage and wastewater, oil spills, and improper disposal of hazardous materials.

Examples of chemical water pollutants include heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, and cadmium), pesticides and herbicides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and petroleum products. These chemicals can have toxic effects on aquatic organisms, disrupt ecosystems, and pose risks to human health through exposure or consumption.

Regulations and standards are in place to monitor and limit the levels of chemical pollutants in water sources, with the aim of protecting public health and the environment.

Surfactants, also known as surface-active agents, are amphiphilic compounds that reduce the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid. They contain both hydrophilic (water-soluble) and hydrophobic (water-insoluble) components in their molecular structure. This unique property allows them to interact with and stabilize interfaces, making them useful in various medical and healthcare applications.

In the medical field, surfactants are commonly used in pulmonary medicine, particularly for treating respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. The lungs of premature infants often lack sufficient amounts of natural lung surfactant, which can lead to RDS and other complications. Exogenous surfactants, derived from animal sources or synthetically produced, are administered to replace the missing or dysfunctional lung surfactant, improving lung compliance and gas exchange.

Surfactants also have applications in topical formulations for dermatology, as they can enhance drug penetration into the skin, reduce irritation, and improve the spreadability of creams and ointments. Additionally, they are used in diagnostic imaging to enhance contrast between tissues and improve visualization during procedures such as ultrasound and X-ray examinations.

Leptospermum is a genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It includes around 80 species of shrubs and small trees that are native to Australia and Southeast Asia. The plants are commonly known as tea trees due to their aromatic leaves which have been used to make a medicinal tea.

The essential oil derived from some species of Leptospermum, particularly Leptospermum scoparium (Manuka), has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. This oil is used in various medical and therapeutic applications, such as in the treatment of wounds, burns, and skin infections.

However, it's important to note that not all Leptospermum species have medicinal properties, and the use of this plant and its derivatives should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Plant leaves" are not a medical term, but rather a general biological term referring to a specific organ found in plants.

Leaves are organs that are typically flat and broad, and they are the primary site of photosynthesis in most plants. They are usually green due to the presence of chlorophyll, which is essential for capturing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

While leaves do not have a direct medical definition, understanding their structure and function can be important in various medical fields, such as pharmacognosy (the study of medicinal plants) or environmental health. For example, certain plant leaves may contain bioactive compounds that have therapeutic potential, while others may produce allergens or toxins that can impact human health.

"Random allocation," also known as "random assignment" or "randomization," is a process used in clinical trials and other research studies to distribute participants into different intervention groups (such as experimental group vs. control group) in a way that minimizes selection bias and ensures the groups are comparable at the start of the study.

In random allocation, each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, and the assignment is typically made using a computer-generated randomization schedule or other objective methods. This process helps to ensure that any differences between the groups are due to the intervention being tested rather than pre-existing differences in the participants' characteristics.

Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow damage to cells caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that the body produces as a reaction to environmental and other pressures. Antioxidants are able to neutralize free radicals by donating an electron to them, thus stabilizing them and preventing them from causing further damage to the cells.

Antioxidants can be found in a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains. Some common antioxidants include vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and selenium. Antioxidants are also available as dietary supplements.

In addition to their role in protecting cells from damage, antioxidants have been studied for their potential to prevent or treat a number of health conditions, including cancer, heart disease, and age-related macular degeneration. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of using antioxidant supplements.

Coal ash, also known as coal combustion residuals (CCRs), is the waste that is produced when coal is burned to generate electricity. It is a fine-grained, powdery material that is left over after coal is burned in power plants. Coal ash contains a variety of substances, including heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, mercury, and chromium, which can be harmful to human health and the environment if not properly managed.

Coal ash is typically stored in large ponds or landfills, but it can also be reused in a variety of applications, such as in concrete, wallboard, and other building materials. However, if coal ash is not handled and disposed of properly, it can pose serious risks to the environment and human health. For example, if coal ash ponds or landfills leak or burst, the toxic heavy metals they contain can contaminate water supplies and soil, posing a threat to both wildlife and humans.

It is important for coal ash to be managed in accordance with federal regulations to ensure that it is handled and disposed of in a way that protects public health and the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established regulations governing the management of coal ash, including requirements for the location, design, and operation of coal ash disposal facilities, as well as standards for the monitoring and reporting of coal ash releases.

Phytotherapy is the use of extracts of natural origin, especially plants or plant parts, for therapeutic purposes. It is also known as herbal medicine and is a traditional practice in many cultures. The active compounds in these plant extracts are believed to have various medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, or sedative effects. Practitioners of phytotherapy may use the whole plant, dried parts, or concentrated extracts to prepare teas, capsules, tinctures, or ointments for therapeutic use. It is important to note that the effectiveness and safety of phytotherapy are not always supported by scientific evidence, and it should be used with caution and preferably under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Balsams are a type of resinous substance that is produced by trees and plants. They have been used historically in medicine for their therapeutic properties, particularly as an expectorant and anti-inflammatory agent. Some common balsams used in medicine include:

1. Canada Balsam (Abies balsamea): A resin obtained from the bark of the balsam fir tree, which has been used in medicine for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is also used as a cement or adhesive in microscopy.
2. Tolu Balsam (Myroxylon balsamum): A resin obtained from the bark of the tree Myroxylon balsamum, which is native to Central and South America. It has been used in medicine for its expectorant, antispasmodic, and analgesic properties.
3. Peru Balsam (Myroxylon pereirae): A resin obtained from the tree Myroxylon pereirae, which is native to Central America. It has been used in medicine for its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties.
4. Benzoin Balsam (Styrax benzoin): A resin obtained from the tree Styrax benzoin, which is native to Southeast Asia. It has been used in medicine for its expectorant, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory properties.

It's important to note that balsams can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some people, so they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

"Pharmaceutical vehicles" is not a standard term in medical or pharmaceutical sciences. However, I can provide some context based on the phrase's possible meaning. If by "pharmaceutical vehicles," you mean the carriers or delivery systems for drugs or medications, then the definition would be:

Pharmaceutical vehicles refer to various formulations, preparations, or technologies that facilitate and control the administration of a drug or therapeutic agent to its target site in the body. These can include different types of drug delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, liposomes, nanoparticles, transdermal patches, inhalers, injectables, and other innovative drug carrier technologies.

These pharmaceutical vehicles ensure that the active ingredients are safely and effectively transported to their intended site of action within the body, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing potential side effects.

In a medical context, paraffin is often referred to as "medical-grade paraffin," which is a type of mineral wax that is highly refined and purified for use in various medical applications. It is typically used in the form of paraffin baths for heat therapy, where a part of the body is dipped into a bath of melted paraffin to provide soothing warmth and pain relief. Medical-grade paraffin is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and chemically stable, making it safe for topical use on the skin. It has a high melting point and does not conduct electricity, which also makes it suitable for use in certain types of medical equipment and supplies.

Phytosterols are a type of plant-derived sterol that have a similar structure to cholesterol, a compound found in animal products. They are found in small quantities in many fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, and vegetable oils. Phytosterols are known to help lower cholesterol levels by reducing the absorption of dietary cholesterol in the digestive system.

In medical terms, phytosterols are often referred to as "plant sterols" or "phytostanols." They have been shown to have a modest but significant impact on lowering LDL (or "bad") cholesterol levels when consumed in sufficient quantities, typically in the range of 2-3 grams per day. As a result, foods fortified with phytosterols are sometimes recommended as part of a heart-healthy diet for individuals with high cholesterol or a family history of cardiovascular disease.

It's worth noting that while phytosterols have been shown to be safe and effective in reducing cholesterol levels, they should not be used as a substitute for other lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, smoking cessation, and weight management. Additionally, individuals with sitosterolemia, a rare genetic disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of plant sterols in the body, should avoid consuming foods fortified with phytosterols.

"Wistar rats" are a strain of albino rats that are widely used in laboratory research. They were developed at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, USA, and were first introduced in 1906. Wistar rats are outbred, which means that they are genetically diverse and do not have a fixed set of genetic characteristics like inbred strains.

Wistar rats are commonly used as animal models in biomedical research because of their size, ease of handling, and relatively low cost. They are used in a wide range of research areas, including toxicology, pharmacology, nutrition, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and behavioral studies. Wistar rats are also used in safety testing of drugs, medical devices, and other products.

Wistar rats are typically larger than many other rat strains, with males weighing between 500-700 grams and females weighing between 250-350 grams. They have a lifespan of approximately 2-3 years. Wistar rats are also known for their docile and friendly nature, making them easy to handle and work with in the laboratory setting.

Retinal detachment is a serious eye condition that occurs when the retina, a thin layer of tissue at the back of the eye responsible for processing light and sending visual signals to the brain, pulls away from its normal position. This can lead to significant vision loss or even blindness if not promptly treated. Retinal detachment can be caused by various factors such as aging, trauma, eye disease, or an inflammatory condition. Symptoms of retinal detachment may include sudden flashes of light, floaters, a shadow in the peripheral vision, or a curtain-like covering over part of the visual field. Immediate medical attention is necessary to prevent further damage and preserve vision.

Emulsifying agents, also known as emulsifiers, are substances that help to mix two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, to form a stable emulsion. Emulsifiers work by reducing the surface tension between the two liquids, allowing them to mix together and remain mixed. They are often used in food production, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals to create smooth and consistent products. Examples of emulsifying agents include lecithin, egg yolk, and various synthetic compounds.

Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is commonly found in various natural oils such as olive oil, sunflower oil, and peanut oil. Its chemical formula is cis-9-octadecenoic acid, and it is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a slight odor. Oleic acid is an important component of human diet and has been shown to have various health benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease and improving immune function. It is also used in the manufacture of soaps, cosmetics, and other industrial products.

Organ size refers to the volume or physical measurement of an organ in the body of an individual. It can be described in terms of length, width, and height or by using specialized techniques such as imaging studies (like CT scans or MRIs) to determine the volume. The size of an organ can vary depending on factors such as age, sex, body size, and overall health status. Changes in organ size may indicate various medical conditions, including growths, inflammation, or atrophy.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "gasoline" is not a medical term. It is a petroleum-derived liquid used as fuel in internal combustion engines. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

Linolenic acids are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are essential to the human body, meaning they cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through diet. There are two main types of linolenic acids: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid, and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid.

Alpha-linolenic acid is found in plant-based sources such as flaxseeds, chia seeds, hemp seeds, walnuts, and soybeans. It is a precursor to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two other important omega-3 fatty acids that are found in fatty fish and are associated with numerous health benefits.

Gamma-linolenic acid is found in smaller amounts in certain plant-based oils such as borage oil, black currant seed oil, and evening primrose oil. It has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory effects and may be beneficial for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, eczema, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

It is important to maintain a balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the diet, as excessive intake of omega-6 fatty acids can contribute to inflammation and chronic disease. ALA and GLA are both important components of a healthy diet and have been associated with numerous health benefits, including reduced inflammation, improved heart health, and reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and diabetes.

'Arachis hypogaea' is the scientific name for the peanut plant. It is a legume crop that grows underground, which is why it is also known as a groundnut. The peanut plant produces flowers above ground, and when the flowers are pollinated, the ovary of the flower elongates and grows downwards into the soil where the peanut eventually forms and matures.

The peanut is not only an important food crop worldwide but also has various industrial uses, including the production of biodiesel, plastics, and animal feed. The plant is native to South America and was domesticated by indigenous peoples in what is now Brazil and Peru thousands of years ago. Today, peanuts are grown in many countries around the world, with China, India, and the United States being the largest producers.

I am not a medical expert, but I can provide some information that may be helpful. "Picrates" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. Instead, it is a term used in chemistry to refer to salts of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol), which was once used as a yellow dye and explosive.

Picric acid has been used historically in some medical applications, such as a component in certain topical antiseptics and in histological staining procedures. However, its use in modern medicine is quite limited due to its high sensitivity to impact, heat, and friction, which makes it potentially dangerous to handle.

Therefore, it's important to note that "picrates" is not a medical term per se but rather a chemical one, and any medical application of picric acid or its salts would be highly specialized and unlikely to be encountered in most healthcare settings.

Esters are organic compounds that are formed by the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. They are widely found in nature and are used in various industries, including the production of perfumes, flavors, and pharmaceuticals. In the context of medical definitions, esters may be mentioned in relation to their use as excipients in medications or in discussions of organic chemistry and biochemistry. Esters can also be found in various natural substances such as fats and oils, which are triesters of glycerol and fatty acids.

Camphor is a waxy, flammable solid with a strong aroma, derived from the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora). In a medical context, camphor is used topically as a skin protectant and a counterirritant, and in some over-the-counter products such as nasal decongestants and muscle rubs. It can also be found in some insect repellents and embalming fluids.

Camphor works by stimulating nerve endings and increasing blood flow to the area where it is applied. This can help to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and alleviate congestion. However, camphor should be used with caution, as it can be toxic if ingested or absorbed in large amounts through the skin. It is important to follow the instructions on product labels carefully and avoid using camphor on broken or irritated skin.

Volatilization, in the context of pharmacology and medicine, refers to the process by which a substance (usually a medication or drug) transforms into a vapor state at room temperature or upon heating. This change in physical state allows the substance to evaporate and be transferred into the air, potentially leading to inhalation exposure.

In some medical applications, volatilization is used intentionally, such as with essential oils for aromatherapy or topical treatments that utilize a vapor action. However, it can also pose concerns when volatile substances are unintentionally released into the air, potentially leading to indoor air quality issues or exposure risks.

It's important to note that in clinical settings, volatilization is not typically used as a route of administration for medications, as other methods such as oral, intravenous, or inhalation via nebulizers are more common and controlled.

'Cinnamomum' is a genus name in the plant family Lauraceae, which includes several species of trees that are sources of cinnamon, a popular spice. The bark of these trees is dried and ground into a powder or rolled into quills, which are used to flavor food and drinks.

Two common species of Cinnamomum that are used for their aromatic bark are:

1. Cinnamomum verum (also known as Ceylon cinnamon or "true" cinnamon) - This species is native to Sri Lanka and southern India, and its bark has a sweet, delicate flavor and aroma. It contains less coumarin, a compound that can be harmful in large amounts, compared to other cinnamon species.
2. Cinnamomum cassia (also known as Chinese cinnamon or "cassia") - This species is native to southern China and Southeast Asia, and its bark has a stronger, more pungent flavor and aroma than Ceylon cinnamon. It contains higher levels of coumarin, which may pose health concerns if consumed in large quantities.

It's important to note that 'Cinnamomum' is a plant genus name and not a medical term or diagnosis. However, the spice derived from these trees, cinnamon, has been studied for its potential medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and blood sugar regulation effects. More research is needed to confirm these benefits and determine safe and effective dosages.

Squalene is a organic compound that is a polyunsaturated triterpene. It is a natural component of human skin surface lipids and sebum, where it plays a role in maintaining the integrity and permeability barrier of the stratum corneum. Squalene is also found in various plant and animal tissues, including olive oil, wheat germ oil, and shark liver oil.

In the body, squalene is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and other sterols. It is produced in the liver and transported to other tissues via low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). Squalene has been studied for its potential health benefits due to its antioxidant properties, as well as its ability to modulate immune function and reduce the risk of certain types of cancer. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits.

'Citrus' is a genus of flowering plants in the rue family, Rutaceae. It includes several species of shrubs and trees that produce fruits known as citrus fruits. Some common examples of citrus fruits are oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits, and pomelos. These fruits are popular for their juicy pulp and fragrant zest, which are used in a wide variety of culinary applications around the world.

Citrus fruits are also known for their high vitamin C content and other health benefits. They contain various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and carotenoids, which have antioxidant properties and may help protect against chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, citrus fruits are a good source of dietary fiber, which can aid in digestion and help regulate blood sugar levels.

In medical terms, citrus fruits may be recommended as part of a healthy diet to help prevent nutrient deficiencies and promote overall health. However, it's important to note that some people may have allergies or sensitivities to citrus fruits, which can cause symptoms like mouth irritation, hives, or anaphylaxis in severe cases. Additionally, citrus fruits can interact with certain medications, so it's always a good idea to consult with a healthcare provider before making any significant changes to your diet.

A cross-over study is a type of experimental design in which participants receive two or more interventions in a specific order. After a washout period, each participant receives the opposite intervention(s). The primary advantage of this design is that it controls for individual variability by allowing each participant to act as their own control.

In medical research, cross-over studies are often used to compare the efficacy or safety of two treatments. For example, a researcher might conduct a cross-over study to compare the effectiveness of two different medications for treating high blood pressure. Half of the participants would be randomly assigned to receive one medication first and then switch to the other medication after a washout period. The other half of the participants would receive the opposite order of treatments.

Cross-over studies can provide valuable insights into the relative merits of different interventions, but they also have some limitations. For example, they may not be suitable for studying conditions that are chronic or irreversible, as it may not be possible to completely reverse the effects of the first intervention before administering the second one. Additionally, carryover effects from the first intervention can confound the results if they persist into the second treatment period.

Overall, cross-over studies are a useful tool in medical research when used appropriately and with careful consideration of their limitations.

Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is commonly found in various natural oils such as olive oil, sunflower oil, and grapeseed oil. Its chemical formula is cis-9-octadecenoic acid, and it is a colorless liquid at room temperature. Oleic acid is an important component of human diet and has been shown to have potential health benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease and improving immune function. It is also used in the manufacture of soaps, cosmetics, and other personal care products.

Lipoproteins are complex particles composed of multiple proteins and lipids (fats) that play a crucial role in the transport and metabolism of fat molecules in the body. They consist of an outer shell of phospholipids, free cholesterols, and apolipoproteins, enclosing a core of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters.

There are several types of lipoproteins, including:

1. Chylomicrons: These are the largest lipoproteins and are responsible for transporting dietary lipids from the intestines to other parts of the body.
2. Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL): Produced by the liver, VLDL particles carry triglycerides to peripheral tissues for energy storage or use.
3. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL): Often referred to as "bad cholesterol," LDL particles transport cholesterol from the liver to cells throughout the body. High levels of LDL in the blood can lead to plaque buildup in artery walls and increase the risk of heart disease.
4. High-density lipoproteins (HDL): Known as "good cholesterol," HDL particles help remove excess cholesterol from cells and transport it back to the liver for excretion or recycling. Higher levels of HDL are associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

Understanding lipoproteins and their roles in the body is essential for assessing cardiovascular health and managing risks related to heart disease and stroke.

Lipase is an enzyme that is produced by the pancreas and found in the digestive system of most organisms. Its primary function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of fats (triglycerides) into smaller molecules, such as fatty acids and glycerol, which can then be absorbed by the intestines and utilized for energy or stored for later use.

In medical terms, lipase levels in the blood are often measured to diagnose or monitor conditions that affect the pancreas, such as pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), pancreatic cancer, or cystic fibrosis. Elevated lipase levels may indicate damage to the pancreas and its ability to produce digestive enzymes.

Insecticides are substances or mixtures of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or mitigating any pest, including insects, arachnids, or other related pests. They can be chemical or biological agents that disrupt the growth, development, or behavior of these organisms, leading to their death or incapacitation. Insecticides are widely used in agriculture, public health, and residential settings for pest control. However, they must be used with caution due to potential risks to non-target organisms and the environment.

Sprague-Dawley rats are a strain of albino laboratory rats that are widely used in scientific research. They were first developed by researchers H.H. Sprague and R.C. Dawley in the early 20th century, and have since become one of the most commonly used rat strains in biomedical research due to their relatively large size, ease of handling, and consistent genetic background.

Sprague-Dawley rats are outbred, which means that they are genetically diverse and do not suffer from the same limitations as inbred strains, which can have reduced fertility and increased susceptibility to certain diseases. They are also characterized by their docile nature and low levels of aggression, making them easier to handle and study than some other rat strains.

These rats are used in a wide variety of research areas, including toxicology, pharmacology, nutrition, cancer, and behavioral studies. Because they are genetically diverse, Sprague-Dawley rats can be used to model a range of human diseases and conditions, making them an important tool in the development of new drugs and therapies.

'Brassica rapa' is the scientific name for a species of plant that includes various types of vegetables such as turnips, Chinese cabbages, and bok choy. It is a member of the Brassicaceae family, also known as the mustard or cabbage family. The plants in this species are characterized by their broad leaves and branching stem, and they are native to Europe and Central Asia.

Turnips, which are one of the most common vegetables in this species, are cool-season root crops that are grown for their enlarged taproot. They have a white or yellowish flesh that is crisp and tender with a sweet, slightly bitter flavor. Turnips can be eaten raw or cooked and are often used in soups, stews, and casseroles.

Chinese cabbages, also known as Napa cabbages, are another type of vegetable in the 'Brassica rapa' species. They have elongated, pale green leaves that form a compact head, and they are often used in Asian cuisine. Chinese cabbages have a mild flavor and can be eaten raw or cooked.

Bok choy, also known as pak choi, is another type of vegetable in the 'Brassica rapa' species. It has dark green leaves and white stems, and it is often used in stir-fries and soups. Bok choy has a mild flavor and a crisp texture.

Overall, 'Brassica rapa' is an important species of plant that includes many nutritious and delicious vegetables that are popular around the world.

Chromatography, supercritical fluid (SFC) is a type of chromatographic technique that uses supercritical fluids as the mobile phase to separate and analyze components of a mixture. A supercritical fluid is a substance that is maintained at temperatures and pressures above its critical point, where it exhibits properties of both a gas and a liquid, making it an ideal medium for separations due to its low viscosity, high diffusivity, and tuneable solvating strength.

In SFC, the supercritical fluid, typically carbon dioxide (CO2) due to its mild critical point conditions, is used to elute analytes from a stationary phase, such as a silica or polymer-based column. The interactions between the analytes and the stationary phase, along with the properties of the supercritical fluid, determine the separation efficiency and resolution of the technique.

SFC has several advantages over traditional liquid chromatography (LC) techniques, including faster analysis times, lower solvent consumption, and the ability to analyze a wider range of polar and nonpolar compounds. SFC is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry for drug discovery and development, as well as in environmental, food, and chemical analyses.

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that are among the earliest known life forms on Earth. They are typically characterized as having a cell wall and no membrane-bound organelles. The majority of bacteria have a prokaryotic organization, meaning they lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Bacteria exist in diverse environments and can be found in every habitat on Earth, including soil, water, and the bodies of plants and animals. Some bacteria are beneficial to their hosts, while others can cause disease. Beneficial bacteria play important roles in processes such as digestion, nitrogen fixation, and biogeochemical cycling.

Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission or budding, and some species can also exchange genetic material through conjugation. They have a wide range of metabolic capabilities, with many using organic compounds as their source of energy, while others are capable of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

Bacteria are highly adaptable and can evolve rapidly in response to environmental changes. This has led to the development of antibiotic resistance in some species, which poses a significant public health challenge. Understanding the biology and behavior of bacteria is essential for developing strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections and diseases.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Meliaceae" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic category in botany, referring to the Mahogany family of plants, which includes around 50 genera and over 1,300 species of trees and shrubs. Some of these plants have medicinal properties, but "Meliaceae" itself does not have a medical definition.

"Acorus" is a genus of perennial plants in the family Acoraceae. The most common species is Acorus calamus, also known as sweet flag or calamus. This plant has been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, including as a stimulant, carminative, and antiemetic. However, it's important to note that the use of this plant in modern medicine is limited due to concerns about its potential toxicity and lack of rigorous scientific evidence supporting its efficacy. Therefore, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using any products containing Acorus for medicinal purposes.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Myrtaceae" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic category in biology, specifically the family name for a group of flowering plants that include eucalyptus, tea tree, and myrtle, among others. These plants have fleshy fruits or dry capsules and contain essential oils with various medicinal properties. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

The double-blind method is a study design commonly used in research, including clinical trials, to minimize bias and ensure the objectivity of results. In this approach, both the participants and the researchers are unaware of which group the participants are assigned to, whether it be the experimental group or the control group. This means that neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving a particular treatment or placebo, thus reducing the potential for bias in the evaluation of outcomes. The assignment of participants to groups is typically done by a third party not involved in the study, and the codes are only revealed after all data have been collected and analyzed.

The medical definition of "eating" refers to the process of consuming and ingesting food or nutrients into the body. This process typically involves several steps, including:

1. Food preparation: This may involve cleaning, chopping, cooking, or combining ingredients to make them ready for consumption.
2. Ingestion: The act of taking food or nutrients into the mouth and swallowing it.
3. Digestion: Once food is ingested, it travels down the esophagus and enters the stomach, where it is broken down by enzymes and acids to facilitate absorption of nutrients.
4. Absorption: Nutrients are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and transported to cells throughout the body for use as energy or building blocks for growth and repair.
5. Elimination: Undigested food and waste products are eliminated from the body through the large intestine (colon) and rectum.

Eating is an essential function that provides the body with the nutrients it needs to maintain health, grow, and repair itself. Disorders of eating, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, can have serious consequences for physical and mental health.

"Salvia" is a genus of plants that includes over 900 species, with some commonly known as sage. However, in a medical context, the term "Salvia" often refers to Salvia divinorum, a specific species of this plant. Salvia divinorum, also known as sage of the diviners, is a psychoactive herb that can produce hallucinations and other altered mental states when ingested, usually by smoking or chewing the leaves. It contains a chemical called salvinorin A, which is believed to be responsible for its psychoactive effects.

It's important to note that while Salvia divinorum has been used in traditional healing practices in some cultures, it can also have dangerous side effects and its use is regulated in many parts of the world. It should only be used under medical supervision and with a clear understanding of its potential risks.

'Brassica' is a term used in botanical nomenclature, specifically within the family Brassicaceae. It refers to a genus of plants that includes various vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and mustard greens. These plants are known for their nutritional value and health benefits. They contain glucosinolates, which have been studied for their potential anti-cancer properties. However, it is not a medical term per se, but rather a taxonomic category used in the biological sciences.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Medical Definition of Vitamin E:

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that plays a crucial role in protecting your body's cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules produced when your body breaks down food or is exposed to environmental toxins like cigarette smoke and radiation. Vitamin E is also involved in immune function, DNA repair, and other metabolic processes.

It is a collective name for a group of eight fat-soluble compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. Alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form of vitamin E in humans and is the one most commonly found in supplements.

Vitamin E deficiency is rare but can occur in people with certain genetic disorders or who cannot absorb fat properly. Symptoms of deficiency include nerve and muscle damage, loss of feeling in the arms and legs, muscle weakness, and vision problems.

Food sources of vitamin E include vegetable oils (such as sunflower, safflower, and wheat germ oil), nuts and seeds (like almonds, peanuts, and sunflower seeds), and fortified foods (such as cereals and some fruit juices).

Tocopherols are a group of fat-soluble compounds that occur naturally in vegetable oils, nuts, and some fruits and vegetables. They are known for their antioxidant properties and are often referred to as "vitamin E." The term "tocopherol" is derived from the Greek words "tokos," meaning childbirth, and "pherein," meaning to bear, reflecting the historical observation that consumption of certain foods during pregnancy seemed to prevent fetal death and spontaneous abortion.

There are four major forms of tocopherols: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. Alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form and is the one most commonly found in supplements. Tocopherols play a crucial role in protecting cell membranes from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can harm cells and contribute to aging and diseases such as cancer and heart disease. They also help to maintain the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes, support immune function, and have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects.

"Litsea" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a genus of plants in the family Lauraceae, which includes over 300 species of trees and shrubs found primarily in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Australia, and America. Some Litsea species have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating digestive disorders, skin conditions, and inflammation. However, the medicinal properties and uses of Litsea are not well-studied or widely recognized in modern Western medicine.

"Piper" is not a medical term. It is a genus of plants in the family Piperaceae, which includes black pepper and many other species. In some cases, "piper" may refer to piperazine, a class of medications used to treat various conditions such as intestinal worm infections and symptoms of mental disorders. However, it's not a commonly used medical term.

This began with a single 100,000 bbl (16,000 m3) tanker load of oil from the Bent Horn oil field to Montreal via the MV Arctic ... Defunct oil and gas companies of Canada, Economic history of Canada, Oil and gas companies, Petroleum industry in Canada, 1966 ... Oil was discovered in 1974 at Bent Horn N-72, the first well drilled on Cameron Island. In 1985, the company became a ... Panarctic Oils Limited was formed in 1966 as a result of the Canadian government's eagerness to encourage exploration of the ...
... has its primary operations in the state of Montana and is headquartered in Great Falls. The Sustainable Oils ... Sustainable Oils owns three proprietary and patented varieties of Camelina that purport to have higher grain and oil yield and ... Sustainable Oils supplied all the Camelina oil for the test. In March 2013, Global Clean Energy Holdings, a Torrance, ... Sustainable Oils, Inc., to a new state-of-the-art facility in Great Falls, Montana". Sustainable Oils Camelina. Retrieved 2022- ...
"Mustard oil, Rapeseed oil, healthy cooking oils manufacturer in India". www.ksoils.com. "KS Oils > Company History > Edible ... KS Oils Limited is an Indian fast-moving consumer goods company in the edible oil market. K S Oils has near to 3000 employees ... KS Oils owns some of the big brands in the mustard oil segments. Brands held by the company include: Kalash Mustard oil Double ... "Kalash is K S Oil's flagship premium brand in the mustard oil segment". ksoils.com. "K S Oils' Double Sher is a leader in ...
... are types of vegetable oil suitable for salad dressing. The major characteristic is passing the AOCS Cold Test (5.5 ... COMMERCIAL ITEM DESCRIPTION SALAD OILS, VEGETABLE ] The U.S. Department of Agriculture Portal: Food v t e (Articles with short ... hours minimum). Oil is often combined with other substances to achieve desired flavour and consistency. ... description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Salad dressings, Vegetable oils, All stub articles, Vegetable stubs) ...
... train oil; that is, whale oil or the oil of the blubber of another marine mammal oil of turpentine oil of bricks, the oil ... I used to give 'em one - sperm oil - and call it the Nine. Patent medicine Snake oil FRANCIS, George William (1853). The ... obtained by the distillation of pieces of brick saturated with rapeseed oil or olive oil oil of amber spirit of camphor ... "nine oils" preparations did not contain these ingredients, and in fact it is possible that the name "nine oils" never referred ...
Midnight Oil , Essential Oils - CD Review at Vintage Rock Midnight Oil - Essential Oils Album Review at Glide Magazine Midnight ... Essential Oils at AllMusic Midnight Oil: Essential Oils Album Review at PopMatters Naomi Fallon (1 November 2012). "Oils' hits ... Midnight Oil - Essential Oils". Hung Medien. Retrieved 30 November 2018. "Charts.nz - Midnight Oil - Essential Oils". Hung ... Essential Oils is a two-disc compilation album by Australian rock band Midnight Oil released in November 2012. At the time of ...
... and include cooking oils like canola oil, solid oils like cocoa butter, oils used in paint like linseed oil and oils used for ... Typically, the oil used is a food-grade fat-type oil. Essential oils are not oils but volatile aromatic compounds that are used ... ISBN 0-85404-821-9. Triglyceride Vegetable fats and oils List of vegetable oils List of essential oils (Vegetable oils). ... squeezing out the oil. Macerated oils consist of a base oil to which parts of plants are added. Essential oils are composed of ...
... (AZMOL British Petrochemicals) is a petrochemical company located in Berdiansk, Zaporizhzhia Oblast. ... "Azmol: Ukrainian manufacturer of compressor and motor oils has entered the international market". epravda.com.ua. Экономическая ...
Coconut oil, used for skin, food, and hair Coffee oil, used to flavor food. Coriander oil Costmary oil (bible leaf oil), ... Helichrysum oil Hickory nut oil Horseradish oil Hyssop Jasmine oil, used for its flowery fragrance. Juniper berry oil, used as ... Linalool Mandarin Marjoram Manuka oil Melissa oil (Lemon balm), sweet smelling oil Mentha arvensis oil, mint oil, used in ... Myrtle Neem oil or neem tree oil Neroli is produced from the blossom of the bitter orange tree. Nutmeg oil Orange oil, like ...
Pecan oil, valued as a food oil, but requiring fresh pecans for good quality oil. Pine nut oil, sold as a gourmet cooking oil, ... Corn oil, one of the principal oils sold as salad and cooking oil. Cottonseed oil, used as a salad and cooking oil, both ... Cape chestnut oil, also called yangu oil, is a popular oil in Africa for skin care. Carob pod oil (Algaroba oil), from carob, ... Mustard oil (pressed), used in India as a cooking oil. Also used as a massage oil. Niger seed oil is obtained from the edible ...
... at Standard Ebooks Oil! at Project Gutenberg Oil! at Faded Page (Canada) (Articles with short description, Short ... In the novel, the primary oil field found is on "Prospect Hill". The first confirmed oil wells in Huntington Beach were located ... a consortium created in 1910 to bring oil via pipeline from Kern County to the Pacific Coast facilities of Union Oil Company at ... Oil! is a novel by Upton Sinclair, first published in 1926-27 and told as a third-person narrative, with only the opening pages ...
In order to obtain many fuel oils, crude oil is pumped from the ground and is shipped via oil tanker or a pipeline to an oil ... Oils hold lots of fats and medical properties. A good example is olive oil. Olive oil holds a lot of fats within it which is ... Heat transfer oils are used both as coolants (see oil cooling), for heating (e.g. in oil heaters) and in other applications of ... Mineral oil is organic. However, it is classified as "mineral oil" instead of as "organic oil" because its organic origin is ...
... may refer to; Oiling (leather processing) Applying a drying oil finish to wooden items Lubrication of mechanical parts ... with oil This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Oiling. If an internal link led you here, you may ...
On 24 September, Oil City entered into an agreement with other companies (including the assignee of the oil lease in the ... Oil City Petroleums (Leduc) Ltd. et al., per Rand J at p. 369-370 Earl F. Wakefield Company v. Oil City Petroleums (Leduc) Ltd ... Ponoka-Calmar Oils Ltd. and another v Earl F. Wakefield Co. And others [1959] UKPC 20, [1960] AC 18 (7 October 1959), P.C. (on ... Ponoka-Calmar Oils v Wakefield is notable for being the last ruling rendered by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council ...
The Chinese Cereals and Oils Association (CCOA) is a national scientific and technical association for the cereals, oils, fats ... The Chinese Cereals and Oils Association was established in 1986. The Chinese Cereals and Oils Association (CCOA) is a national ... oils and fats and the feed industry in China. The Chinese cereal and oil and baking industry produces more than 34% of the ... Cereal, oil and feed is one of the most important sectors in the Chinese food industry. http://www.chinagrain.gov.cn/english/ ...
Vegetable oil refining - Vegetable oil can be used as feedstock for an oil refinery. There it can be transformed into fuel by ... Vegetable oil is used for transportation in four different ways: Vegetable oil blends - Mixing vegetable oil with diesel lets ... After pressing this will make 131 million tonnes of vegetable oil. Much of this is from Oil Palm, and palm oil production is ... The name just indicates that the fuel came from vegetable oil. Straight vegetable oil - Straight vegetable oil works in diesel ...
... is a wood finishing oil, often made of tung oil or polymerized linseed oil. Because there is no defined formulation ... It is a "long oil" finish, a mixture of oil and varnish, typically around one-third varnish and the rest oil. When applied in ... Danish oil is a hard drying oil, meaning it can polymerize into a solid form when it reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere. It ... Danish oil provides a coverage of approximately 12.5 m2/L (600 sq. ft./gallon). Rags used for Danish oil, like those used for ...
... is oil pressed from the seeds of several species of the genus Cuphea. Interest in cuphea oils is relatively recent, ... The fatty acid content of cuphea oils are as follows. The composition of coconut oil is included for comparison: These oils are ... as a source of medium-chain triglycerides like those found in coconut oil and palm oil. Cuphea oil is of interest because it ... C. koehneana oil may be the richest natural source of a single fatty acid, with 95% of its content consisting of capric acid. ...
Fuel oils include heavy fuel oil (bunker fuel), marine fuel oil (MFO), furnace oil (FO), gas oil (gasoil), heating oils (such ... Former names include: coal oil, stove oil, and range oil. Number 2 fuel oil is a distillate home heating oil. Trucks and some ... 4 fuel oil, a blend of gasoil and heavy fuel oil, with less gasoil than marine diesel oil HFO (Heavy fuel oil) - Pure or nearly ... 6 fuel oil NSFO (Navy special fuel oil) - Another name for no. 5 HFO MFO (Marine fuel oil) - Another name for no. 6 HFO Marine ...
... oil dosage or oil concentration, particle size distribution, oil types, agglomeration time, conditioning time, concentration of ... The product of oil agglomeration of coal is carbonaceous agglomerate or granulate. There are many factors which affect the oil ... Oil agglomeration is one of the special processes of mineral processing. It is based on differences in surface properties of ... The role of air in oil agglomeration of coal at a moderate shear rate// Fuel, 1994, v. 73, № 7. р. 1103-1107. Vega V.G. ea. ...
... Company was an American oil marketing company with its origins as part of the large integrated oil company founded by ... J. Paul Getty incorporated Getty Oil in 1942. He had previously worked in the oil fields of Oklahoma along with his father ... At one point, Getty Oil owned a majority stake of ESPN, before Getty's purchase by Texaco which then sold ESPN to ABC in 1984. ... In 1984, after entering into a binding agreement to sell Getty and its 2.3-billion-barrel stockpile of proven oil reserves to ...
... coconut oil was the primary oil used for illumination in India and was exported as cochin oil. Coconut oil is an important base ... Coconut oil (or coconut fat) is an edible oil derived from the kernels, meat, and milk of the coconut palm fruit. Coconut oil ... Coconut oil is used as a food oil, and in industrial applications for cosmetics and detergent production. The oil is rich in ... Coconut oil has been tested for use as an engine lubricant and as a transformer oil. Coconut oil (and derivatives, such as ...
... s or oil bars are an art medium. Oil sticks are oil paint in a stick form similar to that of a crayon or pastel. Oil ... It is distinguished from oil pastels in that a drying oil such as linseed oil is used as the main binder whereas oil pastels ... Oil sticks can be used interchangeably with traditional oil paints to produce drawings, paintings, and sketches. Popularized in ... oil sticks have become much more common in contemporary oil painting in recent years. List of artistic media "Pigment Sticks". ...
... can mean either the pressed oil used for cooking, or a pungent essential oil also known as volatile oil of mustard ... Pressed mustard oil is used as cooking oil in some cultures, but sale is restricted in some countries due to high levels of ... Expressed mustard oil is permitted in the U.S. as a massage oil, with a required "for external use only" label. According to ... The essential oil results from grinding mustard seed, mixing the grounds with water, and isolating the resulting volatile oil ...
Bio-oil (via pyrolysis / thermochemical conversion) and Tall Oil for production of advanced biofuels Large-Scale Pyrolysis Oil ... Removing oxygen from bio-oil or nitrogen from algal bio-oil is known as upgrading. There are few standards for pyrolysis oil ... liquid-Pyrolysis oil (bio-oil/pyrolysis-oil), and gas (syngas) products. The specific yield from the pyrolysis is dependent on ... Pyrolysis oil, sometimes also known as bio-crude or bio-oil, is a synthetic fuel under investigation as substitute for ...
... Ltd Crown Oil Environmental Speedy Fuels Beesley Fuels Cooke Fuels Birlem Oil Ingoe Oils Crown Gas and Power Crown ... "About Crown Oil - Nationwide Fuels, Oils & Lubricants Supplier". Crown Oil. Retrieved 15 October 2019. "Crown Oil invests £4 ... Crown Oil Ltd, also trading as Crown Oil Fuels and Lubricants or simply Crown Oil, is a fuels and lubricants distribution ... such as oil spills and microbial contamination. Environmental collects waste oils and recycles these oils for re-use. It also ...
... is the decline in oil production of a well, oil field, or geographic area. The Hubbert peak theory makes ... Individual oil wells are typically within multi-well oil fields. As with individual wells, the production curves for oil fields ... The peak of world production is known as Peak oil. A peak in oil production could result in a worldwide oil shortage, or it ... A number of oil fields in the U.S. have been producing for over 100 years. Oil field production curves can be modified by a ...
... may refer to: Well Oiled (The Quireboys album) Well Oiled (Hash Jar Tempo album), 1997 Well Oiled, an album by the ... a 1947 Woody Woodpecker cartoon This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Well Oiled. If an internal ...
... , also known as cedarwood oil, is an essential oil derived from various types of conifers, most in the pine or cypress ... "Wood oils and gums (Cedarwood oil)" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1993. EPA-738-F-93-008. Cedarwood Oil ... Until the development of synthetic immersion oil in the 1940s, cedarwood oil was widely used for the oil immersion objective in ... The oils are therefore used both directly and as sources of chemical isolates. Cedarwood oil was used as the base for paints by ...
One pound of marijuana yields from 1/5 to 1/10 of a pound of hash oil. The oil may retain considerable residual solvent: oil ... The term hash oil was hashish that had been dissolved or infused into a vegetable oil for use in preparing foods for oral ... Hash oil or cannabis oil is an oleoresin obtained by the extraction of cannabis or hashish. It is a cannabis concentrate ... Hash oil is usually consumed by smoking, vaporizing or eating. Preparations of hash oil may be solid or colloidal depending on ...
Inflation-Adjusted Crude Oil Price Chart with nominal Crude oil prices and Crude Oil Prices adjusted for inflation in February ... Crude Oil Prices in Inflation-Adjusted Terms. This Chart presents Monthly Average Crude Oil Prices and Inflation-Adjusted Oil ... Nominal Oil Prices:. In nominal terms, we see a fall from $126.33 in June 2008 to $31.04 in February 09, but by June 09, oil is ... You are here: Home » Inflation Adjusted Prices » Historical Oil Prices Chart. Historical Oil Prices Chart. March 14, 2023. by ...
Some essential oils and their components show hormonal activity and could affect the endocrine system. ... Essential oils are concentrated plant extracts that retain the natural smell and flavor of their source. ... Synthetic oils are not considered true essential oils.. Have researchers studied essential oils?. Previous studies have shown ... Do other essential oils contain these chemicals?. According to an analysis of the chemical components of 93 essential oils, the ...
... vegetable oils are healthy, as they contain fats that are essential in our diets. But our consumption of vegetable oil has ... The same amount of soybean oil has 7 grams. And because oils are calorie-dense (a tablespoon of oil has 120 calories), too much ... Finally, its important to keep in mind that not all vegetable oils are created equal. For example, olive oil is low in ... What researchers agree on is that vegetable oils such as safflower, sunflower, corn, cottonseed and soybean oils, are rich in a ...
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Its Honolulu versus big oil. And the Hawaiian capital is winning. In a recent effort to hold oil companies... ... Red Sea oil tanker could cause eco-catastrophe any second now. *Teresa Bergen ... Gulf of Mexico oil and gas lease invalidated by judge. *Bonface Landi ... On Thursday, a federal judge annulled an oil and gas lease in the Gulf of Mexico. According to Judge Rudolph Contreras... ...
PRNewswire/ -- Oil Refineries Ltd. (TASE: ORL.TA) (hereinafter the Company,ORL), Israels largest integrated refining and ... About Oil Refineries Ltd.. Oil Refineries Ltd. (ORL), located in the bay area of the city of Haifa, operates Israels largest ... Oil Refineries Ltd. (TASE: ORL.TA) (hereinafter "the Company,""ORL"), Israels largest integrated refining and petrochemical ... and Lube-Oils (through Haifa Basic Oils Ltd). The Companys shares are listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange under the ticker ...
Conversion of Vegetable Oils to Industrial Products:. Improve the properties of vegetable oils and their components so they can ... Scientists in the Bio‐oils Research Unit (BOR) develop new commodity plant oils and commercially viable industrial bio‐based ... The Bio-oils Research is located in Peoria, IL and is part of the Midwest Area.. The Research Leader is Steven Cermak.. Email: ... extraction of seed oil and refining and converting crude seed oils into highervalue bio-based materials and fuels. Additionally ...
Learn to make oils and salves for pain relief, healthy skin and first aid! ... Making medicinal Oils and Salves. In this workshop you will learn about 5 plants to work with to create medicinal oils and ... We will cover different methods of preparing oils, and which oil is the best fit for a variety of situations. You will gain ... skills through hands on time making an oil and salve in class, for you to take home! ...
Essential oils may indirectly help with weight loss by curbing appetite, lifting mood, and increasing energy. ... In aromatherapy, people use carrier oils to dilute essential oils before using. This article looks at several carrier oil ... Rose oil. A research review. of 13 clinical trials showed that rose oil could help reduce pain, relax the body and mind, and ... Each essential oil may have different effects. Citrus. Citrus oils, such as sweet orange, bitter orange, lemon, and lime peel, ...
... oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, rape oil, sesame (gingelly) oil, mustard oil ... red palm oil, and corn oil. Fats and oils provide more calories per gram than any other food, but they contain no protein and ... and fish oils. Important vegetable oils include olive oil, peanut (groundnut) ... Only butter and the previously mentioned fish-liver oils contain any vitamin A or D, though red palm oil does contain carotene ...
Latest Oil spills News. US Navy removes fuel from plane that overshot Hawaii runway and is now resting on a reef and sand. Nov ... Cleanup is done on a big Kansas oil spill on the Keystone system, the company and EPA say. Nov. 01, 2023 11:35 AM EDT ... A ferry that ran aground repeatedly off the Swedish coast is leaking oil and is extensively damaged. Oct. 30, 2023 11:25 AM EDT ... AP) - The owner of a towboat that sank and spilled oil into a river along the West Virginia-Kentucky border pleaded guilty ...
Check out our essential oil selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. ... Pure peppermint essential oil for Aromatherapy, skincare, haircare bath oil natural insect repellent Less plastic , Blessmans ... 100% Pure Natural Catnip Essential Oil - Pious Essence - Therapeutic Grade Catnip Oil 5ml To 1000ml Free Shipping Worldwide ... Aspero Frankincense Essential Oil 100% Natural 10ml / 0.33fl oz (5) Sale Price $11.99 $11.99 $29.98 Original Price $29.98 (60% ...
Learn how essential oils can be beneficial during labor and delivery. ... Many oils often need a carrier oil to dilute. An aromatherapist can give you directions on oil prep, though, to avoid skin ... Vetiver essential oil/sweetgrass smudging. Of course, one does not have to use essential oils in a spiritual context to enjoy ... Aromatherapy with essential oils can assist in creating this sacred space. The oils set the mind apart by engaging the senses ...
Peppermint oil. Authors of a 2018 study. in rats found that menthol, a substance present in peppermint oil, may help decrease ... Patchouli oil. A 2017 study. reports that patchouli oil might help with symptoms of colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel ... The Crohns & Colitis Foundation states that fish oil, including cod liver oil and omega-3 fatty acid supplements, may ease ... People might enjoy wormwood as an oil or tea.. Thunder god vine. Thunder god vine, or Tripterygium wilfordii, is an herb that ...
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Read about how aromatherapy massage or inhalation of essential oils have reduced symptoms in cancer patients in this expert- ... Aromatherapy with the use of essential oils has been studied in cancer patients to help with symptom relief. ... 313; 100 (pure essential oils), 100 (carrier oil with fractionated low-grade essential oils), 100 (carrier oil only, no ... carrier oil with essential oils, carrier oil only, or pure essential oils of lavender, bergamot (Citrus aurantium L. ssp. ...
... Corporate Responsibility and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria s Oil Producing Communities View PDF Online. ... OIL AND NATURAL GAS IN NIGERIA Crude Oil The Structure of Oil Company Agreements with the Nigerian Government Natural Gas The ... Compensation for Oil Spills Sabotage The Niger Delta Environmental Survey VI. OIL COMPANIES AND THE OIL PRODUCING COMMUNITIES ... The Oil Industry and the Oil Producing Communities Protest and Repression in the Oil Producing Communities The Role of Shell in ...
Whatever they decide, one thing is certain: Oil will continue to play a large role in Scotlands future.. Salmond met with ... Whatever they decide, one thing is certain: Oil will continue to play a large role in Scotlands future.. ... Whatever they decide, one thing is certain: Oil will continue to play a large role in Scotlands future. ...
Guiding transformation of oil and gas companies in an evolving landscape. ... In Oil and gas. Understanding the cyber risk landscape and the threats new technologies bring is critical for reliable and ... Five ways oil and gas can lead the race to decarbonization. Saulius Adomaitis ... This open platform integrates all key processes in the upstream oil and gas value chain to enhance innovation, support better ...
The United States Oil ETF (NYSEMKT: USO) is down 1.9% at $33.12 in a 52-week range of $29.02 to $42.30. ...
"Oil and Honey reads like a tell-all from one of Americas most astute eco-political leaders and essential writers. There are ... In Oil and Honey, the author extends his approach and message by meshing the global with the personal.… Throughout the book, ... Oil and Honey is McKibbens account of these two necessary and mutually reinforcing sides of the global climate fight-from the ... By 2009, a decade after Kyoto, the U.S. Senate-then with sixty Democrats-was so scared of Big Oil that it wouldnt even take a ...
Our more than 600 corporate members, from the largest major oil company to the smallest of independents, come from all segments ... is the only national trade association that represents all aspects of Americas oil and natural gas industry. ... U.S. Oil Shale: Our Energy Resource. Oil shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock containing a solid material (kerogen) that ... U.S. Oil Shale: Our Economy and Our Jobs. Development of U.S. oil shale resources will generate significant employment ...
The productive life of an oil-palm crop is 25-30 years and, because the boom in oil-palm cultivation began in the mid-1980s, ... large areas of ageing oil palm in southeast Asia now need replacing. However, the long-term nature of the crop has allowed ... More than one-third of the area on which oil palm is grown in Malaysia, some 1.4 million hectares (http://faostat.fao.org), has ... Snaddon, J., Willis, K. & Macdonald, D. Oil-palm replanting raises ecology issues. Nature 502, 170-171 (2013). https://doi.org/ ...
Did You Know that Krill Oil is More Fish Than Fish Oil? Content provided by Aker BioMarine , 02-May-2016 , Product Brochure ... Omega-3 oil… up to 2.7x more potent than standard fish oil, sustainably sourced from algae… and at attractive economics. ... INNOBIO® is announcing the launch of a new vegan coconut MCT Oil Powder. The MCT oil is only microencapsulated with arabic gum ... Content provided by Bunge Oils , 11-May-2021 , White Paper Oils and fats - including fractions, shortenings, flakes, and ...
We offer the largest selection of pure, certified organic, high-quality essential oils from farm to bottle. ... Essential Oil Dilution Calculator. • Essential Oil Conversion Calculator. • How to Create Essential Oil Blends. • Essential Oil ... Essential Oil Dilution Calculator. • Essential Oil Conversion Calculator. • How to Create Essential Oil Blends. • Essential Oil ... Essential Oil Dilution Calculator. • Essential Oil Conversion Calculator. • How to Create Essential Oil Blends. • Essential Oil ...
EWGs Skin Deep® database gives you practical solutions to protect yourself and your family from everyday exposures to chemicals in personal care products.
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"Considering that the costs for the production of oil in Iran are low, further drops in oil prices will not undermine Irans oil ... The average price of the light oil stood at $50.6. Iran last saw record low prices in 1998 when its oil was traded in markets ... "Oil producing countries will suffer serious blows under the current conditions and with [further] plunges in prices of this ... Irans oil production, the official added, will rise to above 2 million bpd in less than six months afterwards. ...
The meaning of LEMONGRASS OIL is a yellow to reddish brown essential oil that has an odor of lemon or verbena, is obtained ... a yellow to reddish brown essential oil that has an odor of lemon or verbena, is obtained especially from either of two ... "Lemongrass oil." Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lemongrass%20oil. ...
Aerial view of palm oil plantation on deforested land, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia ...
  • This Chart presents Monthly Average Crude Oil Prices and Inflation-Adjusted Oil Prices (adjusted to January 2023 prices) . (inflationdata.com)
  • The average inflation-adjusted price for crude oil since 1946 is $53.79, which is still about one-third of the 2008 price. (inflationdata.com)
  • The red line on the chart shows Illinois Sweet Crude oil prices adjusted for inflation in February 2023 dollars. (inflationdata.com)
  • The average price for a barrel of Illinois Crude Oil peaked in June 2022 at $107.12 , which on an inflation-adjusted basis is not as high as at previous peaks like June 2008 when it was the equivalent of $173.68 . (inflationdata.com)
  • Crude oil prices rose in 2013 to an average price of $91.1 7. (inflationdata.com)
  • The common price quoted is the all-time high for Crude Oil prices , i.e., the price that the highest barrel ever sold for. (inflationdata.com)
  • SANTA BARBARA, Calif. (AP) - ExxonMobil lost a court bid Wednesday to truck millions of gallons of crude oil through central California - a crucial part of its efforts to restart offshore oil wells that were shut in 2015 after a pipeline leak caused the worst coastal spill in 25 years. (ap.org)
  • Iran's media reported on Saturday that the price of the country's heavy crude oil had plunged to below $30 per barrel for the first time in almost 20 years. (globalsecurity.org)
  • Google said in a statement to Forbes it will no longer "build custom A.I./ML algorithms to facilitate upstream extraction in the oil and gas industry," meaning its data crunching technology won't be used to speed up the process of finding oil deposits or predict where companies will most likely find crude oil. (forbes.com)
  • A worker collects crude oil sample at an oil well operated by Venezuela's state oil company PDVSA in Morichal July 28, 2011. (businessinsider.com)
  • Interestingly, although Iran has a huge amount of oil, the Islamic republic doesn't even make it into the top three when it comes to proven crude oil reserves. (businessinsider.com)
  • Using the data provided by Barclays commodities analyst Michael Cohen, we put together a list of the 10 countries sitting on the greatest amounts of crude oil. (businessinsider.com)
  • In a new report, Macquarie Research analyst Vikas Dwivedi discussed the firms outlook for crude oil. (foxbusiness.com)
  • As nuanced as some of the statistics and models for crude oil are, the primary reason oil prices have collapsed is simple supply and demand. (foxbusiness.com)
  • The process of eliminating the massive 2 million bpd global crude oil oversupply has already begun, but Macquarie believes that it will not be completely eliminated until 2017. (foxbusiness.com)
  • The law aims to distribute revenues from crude oil exports equitably across 18 provinces and open the sector to foreign investment. (rferl.org)
  • NIOSH research scientists are currently conducting toxicology studies on the dispersant used in the Deepwater Horizon response (Nalco Corexit 9500A), crude oil, and dispersant and crude oil mixtures. (cdc.gov)
  • The gaps are whether the cholesterol-lowering effects of replacing saturated fats with liquid vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid actually translates to improved heart health and whether unintended consequences of relatively high intakes exist," said Daisy Zamora, epidemiologist at the University of North Carolina. (cnn.com)
  • Are vegetable oils healthy? (cnn.com)
  • In small amounts, vegetable oils are healthy, as they contain fats that are essential in our diets. (cnn.com)
  • What researchers agree on is that vegetable oils such as safflower, sunflower, corn, cottonseed and soybean oils, are rich in a type of fat known as linoleic acid. (cnn.com)
  • But whether consuming vegetable oils ultimately improves health outcomes seems to be less clear. (cnn.com)
  • Her meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on the topic, published in the BMJ , concluded that although replacing saturated fat with vegetable oils does lower LDL cholesterol, it doesn't necessarily translate into decreased deaths from heart disease. (cnn.com)
  • Scientists in the Bio‐oils Research Unit (BOR) develop new commodity plant oils and commercially viable industrial bio‐based products from new and existing vegetable oils that are technically and economically competitive with or superior to comparable existing commercial petroleum‐derived materials. (usda.gov)
  • Thermal Degradation of Vegetable Oils. (bvsalud.org)
  • Vegetable oils provide lipids and nutrition and provide foods with a desirable flavor, color , and crispy texture when used to prepare fried foods . (bvsalud.org)
  • Benzo(a)anthracene (PubChem CID: 5954) vegetable oils and examined the identity through the fatty acids profiles. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cold-pressed vegetable oils revealed that 43% showed different profiles according to the ones on their labels, with a higher incidence of PAHs adulteration of evening primrose oils. (bvsalud.org)
  • For vegetable oils, the contamination with PAHs could be generated levant ( Bansal & Kim, 2015 ). (bvsalud.org)
  • Cite this: Novel Cannabis Oil Curbs Tics in Severe Tourette's - Medscape - Jun 15, 2023. (medscape.com)
  • All natural fats and oils contain variable amounts of vitamin E , the fat-soluble vitamin antioxidant . (britannica.com)
  • Different types of essential oils contain varying amounts of each of these compounds , which are said to give each essential oil its particular fragrance and therapeutic characteristics. (cancer.gov)
  • Following the late 2014 plunge in oil prices, UAE - one of the biggest producers in OPEC - has been producing record amounts of crude. (businessinsider.com)
  • But there isn't enough reliable information to know if peanut oil is safe to use in larger amounts as medicine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Such fats and oils may contain traces or small amounts of other lipid such as phosphatides, unsaponifiable constituent's free fatty acid and other breakdown by products of the ghee or oil. (who.int)
  • Also, yeast strains that can naturally produce substantial amounts of these oils have been genetically engineered. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This open platform integrates all key processes in the upstream oil and gas value chain to enhance innovation, support better decision making and improve efficiency. (ey.com)
  • While Google still has legacy contracts with oil and gas firms that we hope they will terminate, we welcome Google's move to no longer create custom solutions for upstream oil and gas extraction," Liz Jardim, Greenpeace USA Senior Climate Campaigner, said in a statement to Forbes . (forbes.com)
  • Equipment and expertise is available for planting and harvesting new crops, extraction of seed oil and refining and converting crude seed oils into highervalue bio-based materials and fuels. (usda.gov)
  • Google on Tuesday said it is no longer building custom AI or machine learning tools that help oil and gas companies extract fossil fuels, breaking with Amazon and Microsoft in a big win for environmental groups. (forbes.com)
  • Sustainable Oils is a renewable fuels company specializing in the research and production of Camelina, the only advanced biofuels feedstock with United States Department of Agriculture, Environmental Protection Agency, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory approvals. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2007, Targeted Growth, Inc. and Green Earth Fuels established Sustainable Oils as a Limited Liability Company in the state of Delaware. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fuel oils are liquid mixtures produced from petroleum, and their use mostly involves burning them as fuels. (cdc.gov)
  • Sustainable Oils owns three proprietary and patented varieties of Camelina that purport to have higher grain and oil yield and more beneficial agronomic characteristics than other strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • No difference in LC was observed between laboratory and field strains for temephos, 50 chlorpyriphos-methyl/fenitrothion and neem oil. (who.int)
  • To conduct the screening of in vitro essential oils' antifungal activity from Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), Cymbopogon winterianus (citronella) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) on strains of Candida albicans (ATCC289065) - M1, Candida krusei (ATCC40147) - M2 and Candida tropicalis (ATCC13803) - M3. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusion: In this study conditions, was concluded that the essential oils from C. winterianus, M. alternifolia and R. officinalis showed antifungal activity against the tested strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • But movie theater popcorn, which is popped in coconut oil, is a diet disaster, contributing 1,200 calories and about three days worth of saturated fat for a medium bucket -- and that's without the buttery topping. (cnn.com)
  • 1%-4%) in coconut oil or mustard oil strategies [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • Those with a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids are usually liquid oils, e.g., sunflower, safflower, and corn oils. (britannica.com)
  • Linoleic acid occurs in moderate to high proportions in many of the seed oils, e.g., corn, sunflower, cottonseed, and safflower oils. (britannica.com)
  • In this study, sunflower , soybean , olive , and canola oils were examined, and their properties were measured periodically at different elevated temperatures . (bvsalud.org)
  • This cancer information summary provides an overview of the use of aromatherapy with essential oils primarily to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. (cancer.gov)
  • Aromatherapy is the therapeutic use of essential oils (also known as volatile oils) from plants (flowers, herbs, or trees) for the improvement of physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. (cancer.gov)
  • The effects of aromatherapy are theorized to result from the binding of chemical components in the essential oil to receptors in the olfactory bulb , impacting the brain's emotional center, the limbic system . (cancer.gov)
  • Aromatherapy has been defined as the therapeutic use of essential oils from plants for the improvement of physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. (cancer.gov)
  • A tiny drop of oil on cotton sniffed during labor is enough to begin the aromatherapy experience. (webmd.com)
  • Offering one of the largest selections of essential oils online, you'll find these perfect for aromatherapy, DIY creations, cleaning solutions, and so much more. (mountainroseherbs.com)
  • From small sizes for the essential oil beginner to bulk size essential oils for businesses, Mountain Rose Herbs offers aromatherapy supplies to meet all your needs. (mountainroseherbs.com)
  • Lavender oil is often added to calming sprays and aromatherapy products. (medscape.com)
  • Fats and oils provide more calories per gram than any other food , but they contain no protein and few micronutrients. (britannica.com)
  • The predominant substances in fats and oils are triglycerides , chemical compounds containing any three fatty acids combined with a molecule of glycerol . (britannica.com)
  • This Afghanistan standard prescribes requirements, methods of sampling and tests for fortified edible fats and oils intended for human consumption. (who.int)
  • 4.4.1 The level of micronutrients added in edible fats and oils shall be given in Table 3. (who.int)
  • Petroleum accounts for over half of Kuwait's GDP, and the country plans to increase oil production to 4 million barrels a day by 2020. (businessinsider.com)
  • The country's oil sector is run by the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC), a state-owned enterprise. (trade.gov)
  • The Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) announced its intention to increase oil production capacity to 4.75 million barrels per day (mmb/d) by 2040. (trade.gov)
  • In 2016, the Kuwait Supreme Petroleum Council approved the Al-Zour Oil Complex Project which is expected to cost $30 billion and in the same year a KPC subsidiary "Kuwait Integrated Petrochemical Industries Company - "KIPIC") was established. (trade.gov)
  • Fuel oils are a variety of yellowish to light brown liquid mixtures that come from crude petroleum. (cdc.gov)
  • Fuel oils are produced by different petroleum refining processes, depending on their intended uses. (cdc.gov)
  • IARC has also determined that occupational exposures to fuel oils during petroleum refining are probably carcinogenic in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • A 2019 study found that citrus oil suppressed weight gain and decreased body weight in mice. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A 2019 study found spearmint essential oil to be an anti-obesity agent that might be safer than synthetic drugs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In 2019, Google said its revenue from oil and gas companies was roughly $65 million, which accounts for less than 1% of total Google Cloud revenues. (forbes.com)
  • Pump jacks at an oil extraction site are seen near Somis, Calif., during the Maria Fire of 2019. (politico.com)
  • The 2019 American Heart Association science advisory described limitations of using nonprescription (over-the-counter) fish oil supplements and advised that only prescription products approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration be used for people with high triglyceride levels. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some margarines (polyunsaturated margarines) use a blend of oils selected to provide a moderately high linoleic acid content. (britannica.com)
  • ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html stoves for cooking do not seem to have any health problems the chemicals commonly found in fuel oils are in your blood. (cdc.gov)
  • Coconut, safflower, evening primrose, Benzo(b)fluoranthene (PubChem CID: 9153) and linseed oils marketed in São Paulo (Brazil) were investigated totaling 69 samples. (bvsalud.org)
  • Young Living Essential Oils is world renowned for its essential oils and oil blends, oil-infused nutritional supplements, bath and body products, skin-care solutions, and natural preparations for the home. (youngliving.com)
  • Physicochemical characteristics, functional properties, and nutritional benefits of peanut oil: a review. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Utilization of tropical foods : tropical seed-oils, compendium of technological and nutritional aspects of processing and utilization of tropical foods, both animal and plant, for purposes of training and field reference. (who.int)
  • Fish oil also appeared to decrease blood levels of triglycerides, a risk factor for coronary artery disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Recent studies showed that taking fish oil for 1 to 7 years decreased levels of triglycerides, but probably did not have much of an effect on heart attacks and death due to abnormal heart rhythms or in strokes in people with coronary artery disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Always consult with your OB/GYN, nurse-midwife, or family doctor to learn more about essential oils and symptom management. (webmd.com)
  • Citrus oils, such as sweet orange, bitter orange, lemon, and lime peel, often contain the chemical limonene , which research shows may aid digestion and have an antioxidant effect. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It is important to remember that when citrus oils are diluted and applied to the skin, they can be phototoxic. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This occurs when the sun and citrus oil irritates the skin, causing redness and blistering. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Since it comes from a flower, it costs more than wood or citrus oils. (webmd.com)
  • Some plant-based foods, such as flaxseeds, chia seeds, walnuts, and canola oil, contain alpha-linolenic acid, which the body can convert to DHA and EPA. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Synthetic oils are not considered true essential oils. (nih.gov)
  • oils produced with the aid of chemical solvents are not considered true essential oils. (cancer.gov)
  • Essential oils produced with the aid of chemical solvents are not considered true essential oils because the solvent residues can alter the quality of the essential oils and lead to adulteration of the fragrance or to skin irritation. (cancer.gov)
  • Studies in animals show sedative and stimulant effects of specific essential oils as well as positive effects on behavior and the immune system. (cancer.gov)
  • There are many different oils, but only specific essential oils are good for moms-to-be. (webmd.com)
  • This may be the result of increased extraction costs as oil becomes harder to find, and it requires much greater technology to extract it. (inflationdata.com)
  • The move comes after Greenpeace published a report Tuesday detailing how Google, Microsoft and Amazon sell their technology to oil and gas companies to help them speed up fossil fuel extraction. (forbes.com)
  • The biomass that remains after oil extraction, generally referred to seedcake or meal, can be used as nutrient-rich animal feed. (wikipedia.org)
  • A 2021 review found that essential oils may counteract the effects of increased fat in the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In October 2021, Global Clean Energy Holdings announced the relocation of the Sustainable Oils headquarters to Great Falls, Montana. (wikipedia.org)
  • In November 2021, Sustainable Oils announced the purchase of 45 acres in Havre, Montana and a plan to construct a 600 thousand bushel storage and rail loading facility for its proprietary camelina grain. (wikipedia.org)
  • TOPEKA, Kan. (AP) - The operator of the Keystone pipeline system has finished cleaning up a massive December 2022 oil spill, and the creek affected by it is flowing naturally again, the company and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency say. (ap.org)
  • Peppermint: Peppermint oil is good for managing headaches. (webmd.com)
  • The inhalation of peppermint oil can also be useful during postpartum recovery to treat difficult urination. (webmd.com)
  • SALT LAKE CITY-September 3, 2013 -According to a recent study in The Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, peppermint oil may have a positive effect on exercise performance. (youngliving.com)
  • Known for its abilities to sooth digestion, improve concentration and relieve head pressure, peppermint oil may also help jump-start exercise routines. (youngliving.com)
  • Research has shown that essential oils may exert anti-obesity effects. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A research review of 13 clinical trials showed that rose oil could help reduce pain, relax the body and mind, and exert an anti-anxiety effect. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • PAHs were found in different foodstuffs, including different organic compounds with two or more fused aromatic rings vegetables, fruit, cereals, oils and fats, smoked fish and meat, coffee and ( Domingo & Nadal, 2015 ). (bvsalud.org)
  • Fish oil supplements contain oil that is extracted directly or concentrated and put in capsule form. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fish oil supplements have been promoted to protect the heart, ease inflammation, and improve mental health. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A wildlife habitat has been destroyed after 127,000 gallons of oil spilled along the Huntington Beach coast in. (inhabitat.com)
  • In 2008, Sustainable Oils and Honeywell signed a contract to supply the United States Defense Logistics Agency, the purchasing agency within the Department of Defense, with 40,000 gallons of Camelina-based renewable jet fuel for test flights in jets and helicopters. (wikipedia.org)
  • Over the course of the entire testing program, Sustainable Oils supplied the military with nearly 500,000 gallons of Camelina oil. (wikipedia.org)
  • Essential oils, which are obtained through mechanical pressing or distillation, are concentrated plant extracts that retain the natural smell and flavor of their source. (nih.gov)
  • The chemical composition of an essential oil may vary within the same plant species, or from plant to plant. (nih.gov)
  • Essential oils are made up of a large array of chemical components that consist of the metabolites found in various plant materials. (cancer.gov)
  • Plant species may have different chemovarieties (variations of subspecies that produce essential oils with different chemical compositions, as a result of genetic variation and growth conditions). (cancer.gov)
  • Peanut oil is the oil from the seed (peanut) of the peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Peanut oil can cause serious allergic reactions in people who are allergic to peanuts, soybeans, and other members of the Fabaceae plant family. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Wu F, Mao L, Zhuang P, Chen X, Jiao J, Zhang Y. Plant-sourced cooking oil consumption is associated with lower total mortality in a longitudinal nationwide cohort study. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Plant oils. (who.int)
  • This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions about fuel oils. (cdc.gov)
  • Drinking or breathing fuel oils may cause nausea or nervous system effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Fuel oils have been found in at least 26 of the 1,430 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
  • What are fuel oils? (cdc.gov)
  • Some chemicals found in fuel oils may evaporate easily, while others may more easily dissolve in water. (cdc.gov)
  • These fuel oils differ from one another by their hydrocarbon compositions, boiling point ranges, chemical additives, and uses. (cdc.gov)
  • What happens to fuel oils when they enter the environment? (cdc.gov)
  • Some chemicals found in fuel oils may evaporate into the air from open containers or contaminated soil or water. (cdc.gov)
  • Some chemicals found in fuel oils may dissolve in water after spills to surface waters or leaks from underground storage tanks. (cdc.gov)
  • Some chemicals found in fuel oils may stick to particles in water, which will eventually cause them to settle to the bottom sediment. (cdc.gov)
  • Some of the chemicals found in fuel oils may be broken down slowly in air, water, and soil by sunlight or small organisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Some of the chemicals found in fuel oils may build up significantly in plants and animals. (cdc.gov)
  • How might I be exposed to fuel oils? (cdc.gov)
  • Using a home kerosene heater or stove, or using fuel oils at work. (cdc.gov)
  • Drinking or swimming in water that has been contaminated with fuel oils from a spill or a leaking underground storage tank. (cdc.gov)
  • Touching soil contaminated with fuel oils. (cdc.gov)
  • Using fuel oils to wash paint or grease from skin or equipment. (cdc.gov)
  • How can fuel oils affect my health? (cdc.gov)
  • Little information is available about the health effects that may be caused by fuel oils. (cdc.gov)
  • How likely are fuel oils to cause cancer? (cdc.gov)
  • The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that some fuel oils (heavy) may possibly cause cancer in humans, but for other fuel oils (light) there is not enough information to make a determination. (cdc.gov)
  • Some studies with mice have suggested that repeated contact with fuel oils may cause liver or skin cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • No studies are available in other animals or in people on the carcinogenic effects of fuel oils. (cdc.gov)
  • Is there a medical test to show whether I've been exposed to fuel oils? (cdc.gov)
  • There is no medical test that shows if you have been exposed to fuel oils. (cdc.gov)
  • Tests are available to determine if some of the chemicals commonly found in fuel oils are in your blood. (cdc.gov)
  • Some of the chemicals found in fuel oils may build up more easily dissolve in water. (cdc.gov)
  • used as fuel for engines, lamps, heaters, furnaces, and stoves, Using a home kerosene heater or stove, or using fuel oils or as solvents. (cdc.gov)
  • These fuel oils contaminated with fuel oil vapors entering from the soil. (cdc.gov)
  • differ from one another by their hydrocarbon compositions, Drinking or swimming in water that has been contami nated with fuel oils from a spill or a leaking underground boiling point ranges, chemical additives, and uses. (cdc.gov)
  • that may be caused by fuel oils. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the presence of these chemicals in blood may not necessarily mean that you have been exposed to fuel oils. (cdc.gov)
  • It is manufactured from the seeds of a deciduous tree, Aleurites, native to China, on much the same principle as peanut oil is produced by milling from peanuts in that country. (nature.com)
  • Peanut oil is used in cooking and is also used to make medicine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Peanut oil is high in monounsaturated "good" fat and low in saturated "bad" fat. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Peanut oil might help to reduce fatty build up in blood vessels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People use peanut oil for high levels of cholesterol or other fats in the blood, heart disease, joint pain, dry skin, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Peanut contents, including peanut oil, must be labeled on packaged food and supplement products. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There is interest in using peanut oil for a number of purposes, but there isn't enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Peanut oil is commonly consumed in foods. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Peanut oil can cause allergic reactions in people who have an allergy to peanut. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Peanut oil is likely safe. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There isn't enough reliable information to know if peanut oil is safe to use or what the side effects might be. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As medicine, there isn't enough reliable information to know what an appropriate dose of peanut oil might be. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An interesting story about How An Engineer's Desperate Experiment Created Fracking and Twenty years later, the U.S. was the biggest oil and natural gas producer on the planet due primarily to hydraulic fracking. (inflationdata.com)
  • Specializing in primarily certified organic essential oils, Mountain Rose Herbs works directly with numerous farms throughout the world to provide you with the highest quality essential oil. (mountainroseherbs.com)
  • Upstream operations are primarily done by Kuwait Oil Company. (trade.gov)
  • U.S. producers have reduced their oil rig count by 916 rigs since October of 2014, but core OPEC members have actually increased their oil rig count by eight rigs during that time. (foxbusiness.com)
  • OPEC is taking advantage of the fact that much of its oil can be produced at a lower cost than U.S. producers can achieve, and so far OPEC is willing to tolerate the pain of low prices in the name of maintaining/regaining market share. (foxbusiness.com)
  • Kuwait is a major oil supplier and a member of the OPEC consortium. (trade.gov)
  • An elegant hand-blown borosilicate glass cruet perfect for keeping your olive oil on your table or counter. (core77.com)
  • Olive oil has the lowest rate of color center and dynamic viscosity among the four oils , with the smallest pre-exponential factor and the largest activation energy, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Olive oil has the largest rate constant of acid reaction among the four oils , with the lowest pre-exponential factor. (bvsalud.org)
  • Previous evidence showed that fish oil probably decreases heart attacks and death due to abnormal heart rhythms in people with coronary artery disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We are ready to increase Iran's total oil production by 500,000 barrels per day within a week after the removal of the sanctions," he has been quoted as saying by IRNA news agency. (globalsecurity.org)
  • Nevertheless, the country's Finance Minister Ali Tayyeb-Niya later emphasized that Iran had provided the required preparations to deal with the economic impacts of oil prices even as low as $30 per barrel. (globalsecurity.org)
  • The uneven distribution of Iraq's oil resources has long been a source of tension among the country's ethnic and sectarian groups. (rferl.org)
  • In addition, KNPC awarded four packages in 2015 to build the country's fourth refinery, which will produce low-sulfur fuel oil for the country's power plants. (trade.gov)
  • Iraq's largely state-run economy runs on oil. (businessinsider.com)
  • The oil terminal at Al-Basrah (file photo) (epa) February 26, 2007 -- Iraq's cabinet has approved a draft oil law and will submit it to parliament for approval. (rferl.org)
  • Trending Clinical Topic: Fish Oil - Medscape - Nov 27, 2020. (medscape.com)
  • Findings from several studies investigating the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular health were presented at the American Heart Association (AHA) Scientific Sessions 2020 virtual meeting and resulted in fish oil becoming this week's top trending clinical topic. (medscape.com)
  • Fortified edible ghee and oils shall be a food stuff composed of glycerides of fatty acids of vegetable origin to which vitamin A and D have been added. (who.int)
  • Oil prices fell to the ridiculously low COVID-induced glut price of $11.18 in April 2020 (inflation-adjusted $13.12) . (inflationdata.com)
  • These estimates are based on information from within the Company and information received from external sources, including the contractors carrying out work on the Facility on the Company's behalf, entities with which it has entered into loan agreements and international organizations that publish forecasts regarding oil products and petrochemical prices. (prnewswire.com)
  • U.S. oil companies, manufacturers, and suppliers of oil field equipment have always experienced strong receptivity towards their products in the Kuwaiti market. (trade.gov)
  • Oil extracted from Camelina seeds can be processed into a number of renewable products including renewable jet fuel, green diesel, biodiesel, green plastics and renewable oleochemicals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tea tree and lavender essential oils are two popular ingredients in many personal care products, including ones marketed to children. (medscape.com)
  • Tea tree oil has become a common addition to kids' hair and body products. (medscape.com)
  • The one common denominator was the use of personal care products that contained lavender or tea tree oil . (medscape.com)
  • In the office, it's important to ask parents about the use of these oils when you see a young patient with enlarged breasts-and most important, to stop the use of those products to see whether it makes a difference. (medscape.com)
  • Formulated cream products repel mosquitoes for eight hours due to active chemicals components found in lemon grass essential oils. (who.int)
  • Each essential oil has a unique composition of chemicals, and this variation affects the smell, absorption, and effects on the body. (nih.gov)
  • Previous studies have shown that lavender and tea tree oil may act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) , which have been associated with several health issues. (nih.gov)
  • Since lavender and tea tree oil are composed of hundreds of chemicals, NIEHS scientists wanted to find out which of these chemicals displayed hormonal activity that could potentially lead to prepubertal gynecomastia. (nih.gov)
  • Camelina offers several advantages over traditional biofuel feedstocks like soy and corn, such as competitive oil yields and shorter growing seasons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kuwait holds approximately 7% of global oil reserves and has a current production capacity of about 3.15 million barrels per day. (trade.gov)
  • Future production increases will depend on actual implementation of several upstream projects including the development of heavy oil capacity of 60 thousand barrels per day. (trade.gov)
  • [ 2 ] In other words, they found evidence that these oils act as endocrine disruptors. (medscape.com)
  • In 2007, the NIEHS issued a warning about the potential for lavender and tea tree oils to act as endocrine disruptors. (medscape.com)
  • Can Lavender and Tea Tree Oils Hurt Kids? (medscape.com)
  • A couple of additional very small studies have found a similar link between lavender and tea tree oils and breast growth. (medscape.com)
  • Essential oils can be potent, and people should use them with care. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Omega-3 oil… up to 2.7x more potent than standard fish oil, sustainably sourced from algae… and at attractive economics. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Natural essential oils are gathered by distillation and have the properties and fragrance of the source that they came from. (webmd.com)
  • As essential oils age, the chemical composition changes. (cancer.gov)
  • Have researchers studied essential oils? (nih.gov)
  • How did NIEHS researchers conduct the 2007 study on lavender oil and tea tree oil? (nih.gov)
  • Some researchers believe that essential oils may also help counteract more than 20 chronic diseases and health conditions that obesity may contribute to. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Iran last saw record low prices in 1998 when its oil was traded in markets at below $10 per barrel. (globalsecurity.org)
  • Petrodollars provide the lifeline of the Iranian economy and officials have already emphasized that oil production as well as oil exports will increase even in face of falling prices. (globalsecurity.org)
  • Considering that the costs for the production of oil in Iran are low, further drops in oil prices will not undermine Iran's oil export plans," said Rokneddin Javadi, the managing director of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC). (globalsecurity.org)
  • Nevertheless, he warned that OPEC's failure to devise an appropriate policy to accommodate the incoming Iranian oil supplies will push the prices to even lower levels. (globalsecurity.org)
  • And now Nigeria stands to " face extra competition " from the reintroduction of Iranian oil on the markets. (businessinsider.com)
  • Although Moscow stands to benefit geopolitically following the Iran deal, the return of Iranian oil to the markets is bad news for them as Tehran could go after one of Russia's European markets. (businessinsider.com)
  • Oil accounts for nearly half of Kuwait's GDP, around 95% of exports, and approximately 90% of government export revenue. (trade.gov)
  • As expenditure in deepwater areas and on subsea infrastructure around the world increases, ROVs will become an increasingly critical aspect of offshore oil and gas development. (prnewswire.com)