DiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Odds RatioCase-Control StudiesRisk FactorsLogistic ModelsConfidence IntervalsCohort StudiesGenetic Predisposition to DiseasePrevalenceCross-Sectional StudiesMultivariate AnalysisGenotypeProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesPolymorphism, Single NucleotidePolymorphism, GeneticRisk AssessmentSmokingUnited StatesQuestionnairesPregnancyAge FactorsTreatment OutcomeRiskSex FactorsInfant, NewbornEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupRegression AnalysisFollow-Up StudiesTime FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsGene FrequencyChi-Square DistributionAllelesPredictive Value of TestsAsian Continental Ancestry GroupIncidenceComorbidityBody Mass IndexChinaJapanSeverity of Illness IndexHaplotypesRegistriesLongitudinal StudiesPrognosisSex DistributionSwedenHealth SurveysAfrican AmericansHospital MortalityRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicEnvironmental ExposureBreast NeoplasmsAlcohol DrinkingEthnic GroupsCaliforniaEducational StatusObesityStrokeBiological MarkersEpidemiologic MethodsParityAfrican Continental Ancestry GroupGenetic Association StudiesAge DistributionHospitalizationHispanic AmericansHypertensionItalyMyocardial InfarctionPregnancy OutcomeHIV InfectionsConfounding Factors (Epidemiology)Diabetes MellitusResidence CharacteristicsPopulation SurveillanceDenmarkFranceDietGermanyPregnancy ComplicationsOccupational DiseasesSpainColorectal NeoplasmsDemographyGreat BritainLinkage DisequilibriumContinental Population GroupsHealth StatusPremature BirthPostoperative ComplicationsGenetic VariationOccupationsUrban PopulationLife StyleRural PopulationAsthmaWashingtonGenome-Wide Association StudyRepublic of Korea
Odds Ratio
The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.
Case-Control Studies
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
Risk Factors
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Logistic Models
Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.
Confidence Intervals
A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.
Cohort Studies
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.
Prevalence
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Cross-Sectional Studies
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
Multivariate Analysis
A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.
Genotype
The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.
Prospective Studies
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Retrospective Studies
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.
Polymorphism, Genetic
The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.
Risk Assessment
The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)
Smoking
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.
United States
Questionnaires
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Age Factors
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
Treatment Outcome
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Risk
The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.
Sex Factors
Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.
Infant, Newborn
An infant during the first month after birth.
European Continental Ancestry Group
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.
Regression Analysis
Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.
Follow-Up Studies
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Socioeconomic Factors
Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.
Gene Frequency
The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.
Chi-Square Distribution
A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.
Alleles
Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.
Predictive Value of Tests
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the southeastern and eastern areas of the Asian continent.
Incidence
The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.
Comorbidity
The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.
Body Mass Index
An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
China
A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
Japan
Severity of Illness Index
Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.
Haplotypes
The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.
Registries
The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.
Longitudinal Studies
Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.
Prognosis
A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.
Sex Distribution
The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.
Sweden
Health Surveys
A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.
African Americans
Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.
Hospital Mortality
A vital statistic measuring or recording the rate of death from any cause in hospitalized populations.
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.
Environmental Exposure
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.
Ethnic Groups
A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.
California
Educational Status
Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
Epidemiologic Methods
Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.
Parity
The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.
African Continental Ancestry Group
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.
Genetic Association Studies
The analysis of a sequence such as a region of a chromosome, a haplotype, a gene, or an allele for its involvement in controlling the phenotype of a specific trait, metabolic pathway, or disease.
Age Distribution
The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.
Hospitalization
The confinement of a patient in a hospital.
Hispanic Americans
Persons living in the United States of Mexican (MEXICAN AMERICANS), Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin. The concept does not include Brazilian Americans or Portuguese Americans.
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
Italy
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).
Pregnancy Outcome
Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)
Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effect of exposure or risk is distorted because of its association with other factors influencing the outcome of the study.
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.
Residence Characteristics
Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.
Population Surveillance
Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.
Denmark
France
A country in western Europe bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, the Mediterranean Sea, and the countries of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the principalities of Andorra and Monaco, and by the duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital is Paris.
Diet
Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.
Germany
Pregnancy Complications
Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.
Occupational Diseases
Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.
Spain
Parliamentary democracy located between France on the northeast and Portugual on the west and bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.
Demography
Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.
Great Britain
Linkage Disequilibrium
Nonrandom association of linked genes. This is the tendency of the alleles of two separate but already linked loci to be found together more frequently than would be expected by chance alone.
Continental Population Groups
Groups of individuals whose putative ancestry is from native continental populations based on similarities in physical appearance.
Health Status
The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
Genetic Variation
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
Occupations
Crafts, trades, professions, or other means of earning a living.
Urban Population
The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.
Life Style
Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)
Rural Population
The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).
Washington
Genome-Wide Association Study
An analysis comparing the allele frequencies of all available (or a whole GENOME representative set of) polymorphic markers in unrelated patients with a specific symptom or disease condition, and those of healthy controls to identify markers associated with a specific disease or condition.
Republic of Korea
The capital is Seoul. The country, established September 9, 1948, is located on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Its northern border is shared with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Netherlands
Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.
Publication Bias
The influence of study results on the chances of publication and the tendency of investigators, reviewers, and editors to submit or accept manuscripts for publication based on the direction or strength of the study findings. Publication bias has an impact on the interpretation of clinical trials and meta-analyses. Bias can be minimized by insistence by editors on high-quality research, thorough literature reviews, acknowledgement of conflicts of interest, modification of peer review practices, etc.
Age of Onset
The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.
Occupational Exposure
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.
ROC Curve
A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.
New York
Length of Stay
The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility.
Norway
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Databases, Factual
Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.
Massachusetts
Mass Screening
Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.
Taiwan
Pesticides
Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Recurrence
The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.
Europe
North Carolina
Canada
The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.
Metabolic Syndrome X
A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with major depression present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.
Breast Feeding
The nursing of an infant at the breast.
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
Causality
The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Causes are termed necessary when they must always precede an effect and sufficient when they initiate or produce an effect. Any of several factors may be associated with the potential disease causation or outcome, including predisposing factors, enabling factors, precipitating factors, reinforcing factors, and risk factors.
Mothers
Female parents, human or animal.
Interviews as Topic
Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
Linear Models
Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.
Survival Analysis
A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.
Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Contamination of the air by tobacco smoke.
Bias (Epidemiology)
Any deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. Bias can result from several sources: one-sided or systematic variations in measurement from the true value (systematic error); flaws in study design; deviation of inferences, interpretations, or analyses based on flawed data or data collection; etc. There is no sense of prejudice or subjectivity implied in the assessment of bias under these conditions.
Gestational Age
The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.
Disease Progression
The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.
Maternal Exposure
Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.
San Francisco
Patient Acceptance of Health Care
The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Housing
Living facilities for humans.
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.
Analysis of Variance
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
Infant, Low Birth Weight
An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less.
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.
Probability
The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.
India
Sexual Behavior
Sexual activities of humans.
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).
Finland
Data Collection
Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.
Survival Rate
The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.
Contraceptives, Oral
Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are generally estrogen or progesterone or both.
Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.
Mexico
Health Behavior
Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.
Urban Health
The status of health in urban populations.
England
Social Class
A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standard of acceptable or desirable weight. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".
Family Health
The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members.
Texas
Health Services Accessibility
The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.
Boston
Intensive Care Units
Hospital units providing continuous surveillance and care to acutely ill patients.
Diabetes Complications
Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE.
Healthcare Disparities
Differences in access to or availability of medical facilities and services.
Physician's Practice Patterns
Patterns of practice related to diagnosis and treatment as especially influenced by cost of the service requested and provided.
Maternal Age
The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.
Los Angeles
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.
Patient Compliance
Voluntary cooperation of the patient in following a prescribed regimen.
C-Reactive Protein
A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.
Cooking
The art or practice of preparing food. It includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various diseases.
Meta-Analysis as Topic
A quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies (usually drawn from the published literature) and synthesizing summaries and conclusions which may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, plan new studies, etc., with application chiefly in the areas of research and medicine.
Homozygote
An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.
Marital Status
A demographic parameter indicating a person's status with respect to marriage, divorce, widowhood, singleness, etc.
Pennsylvania
Self Report
Method for obtaining information through verbal responses, written or oral, from subjects.
Smoking Cessation
Discontinuation of the habit of smoking, the inhaling and exhaling of tobacco smoke.
Respiratory Sounds
Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.
Postmenopause
The physiological period following the MENOPAUSE, the permanent cessation of the menstrual life.
Reference Values
The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.
New Hampshire
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)
A flavoprotein amine oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.171.
Stress, Psychological
Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.
Ontario
A province of Canada lying between the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec. Its capital is Toronto. It takes its name from Lake Ontario which is said to represent the Iroquois oniatariio, beautiful lake. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p892 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)
Nutrition Surveys
A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to the nutritional status of a human population within a given geographic area. Data from these surveys are used in preparing NUTRITION ASSESSMENTS.
Philadelphia
Models, Statistical
Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.
Family Characteristics
Size and composition of the family.
Parents
Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent.
Income
Revenues or receipts accruing from business enterprise, labor, or invested capital.
Gravidity
The number of pregnancies, complete or incomplete, experienced by a female. It is different from PARITY, which is the number of offspring borne. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Emergency Service, Hospital
Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of immediate medical or surgical care to the emergency patient.
Glutathione Transferase
A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.

Use of wood stoves and risk of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract: a case-control study. (1/18160)

BACKGROUND: Incidence rates for cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract in Southern Brazil are among the highest in the world. A case-control study was designed to identify the main risk factors for carcinomas of mouth, pharynx, and larynx in the region. We tested the hypothesis of whether use of wood stoves is associated with these cancers. METHODS: Information on known and potential risk factors was obtained from interviews with 784 cases and 1568 non-cancer controls. We estimated the effect of use of wood stove by conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for smoking, alcohol consumption and for other sociodemographic and dietary variables chosen as empirical confounders based on a change-in-estimate criterion. RESULTS: After extensive adjustment for all the empirical confounders the odds ratio (OR) for all upper aero-digestive tract cancers was 2.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] : 2.2-3.3). Increased risks were also seen in site-specific analyses for mouth (OR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.8-4.2), pharyngeal (OR = 3.82; 95% CI: 2.0-7.4), and laryngeal carcinomas (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.2-4.7). Significant risk elevations remained for each of the three anatomic sites and for all sites combined even after we purposefully biased the analyses towards the null hypothesis by adjusting the effect of wood stove use only for positive empirical confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The association of use of wood stoves with cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract is genuine and unlikely to result from insufficient control of confounding. Due to its high prevalence, use of wood stoves may be linked to as many as 30% of all cancers occurring in the region.  (+info)

Body mass decrease after initial gain following smoking cessation. (2/18160)

BACKGROUND: Although smoking cessation is strongly associated with subsequent weight gain, it is not clear whether the initial gain in weight after smoking cessation remains over time. METHOD: Cross-sectional analyses were made, using data from periodic health examinations for workers, on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the length of smoking cessation. In addition, linear regression coefficients of BMI on the length of cessation were estimated according to alcohol intake and sport activity, to examine the modifying effect of these factors on the weight of former smokers. RESULTS: Means of BMI were 23.1 kg/m2, 23.3 kg/m2, 23.6 kg/m2 for light/medium smokers, heavy smokers and never smokers, respectively. Among former smokers who had smoked > or = 25 cigarettes a day, odds ratio (OR) of BMI >25 kg/m2 were 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.05-3.35), 1.32 (95% CI : 0.74-2.34), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.33-1.31) for those with 2-4 years, 5-7 years, and 8-10 years of smoking cessation, respectively. The corresponding OR among those who previously consumed <25 cigarettes a day were 1.06 (95% CI: 0.58-1.94), 1.00 (95% CI: 0.58-1.71), and 1.49 (95% CI: 0.95-2.32). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that although heavy smokers may experience large weight gain and weigh more than never smokers in the few years after smoking cessation, they thereafter lose weight to the never smoker level, while light and moderate smokers gain weight up to the never smoker level without any excess after smoking cessation.  (+info)

Socioeconomic inequalities in health in the working population: the contribution of working conditions. (3/18160)

BACKGROUND: The aim was to study the impact of different categories of working conditions on the association between occupational class and self-reported health in the working population. METHODS: Data were collected through a postal survey conducted in 1991 among inhabitants of 18 municipalities in the southeastern Netherlands. Data concerned 4521 working men and 2411 working women and included current occupational class (seven classes), working conditions (physical working conditions, job control, job demands, social support at work), perceived general health (very good or good versus less than good) and demographic confounders. Data were analysed with logistic regression techniques. RESULTS: For both men and women we observed a higher odds ratio for a less than good perceived general health in the lower occupational classes (adjusted for confounders). The odds of a less than good perceived general health was larger among people reporting more hazardous physical working conditions, lower job control, lower social support at work and among those in the highest category of job demands. Results were similar for men and women. Men and women in the lower occupational classes reported more hazardous physical working conditions and lower job control as compared to those in higher occupational classes. High job demands were more often reported in the higher occupational classes, while social support at work was not clearly related to occupational class. When physical working conditions and job control were added simultaneously to a model with occupational class and confounders, the odds ratios for occupational classes were reduced substantially. For men, the per cent change in the odds ratios for the occupational classes ranged between 35% and 83%, and for women between 35% and 46%. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial part of the association between occupational class and a less than good perceived general health in the working population could be attributed to a differential distribution of hazardous physical working conditions and a low job control across occupational classes. This suggests that interventions aimed at improving these working conditions might result in a reduction of socioeconomic inequalities in health in the working population.  (+info)

Relation between obesity and breast cancer in young women. (4/18160)

This study was conducted to assess the relation between body size and risk of breast cancer among young women. A case-control study was conducted among women aged 21-45 years living in three counties in Washington State. Cases were women born after 1944 with invasive or in situ breast cancer that was diagnosed between January 1, 1983, and April 30, 1990. Controls were selected using random digit dialing and were frequency-matched to cases on the basis of age and county of residence. Interviews took place between 1986 and 1992. Body size was evaluated using indices from several different time periods. After adjustment for confounders, a decreased risk of breast cancer was found for women in the highest quintile of body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2) as compared with the lowest quintile (for maximum lifetime body mass index, odds ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51-0.94). Age modified the relation between body size and risk of breast cancer. The odds ratio for women in the highest quintile of maximum body mass index who were aged 21-35 years was 0.29 (95% CI 0.16-0.55), as compared with an odds ratio of 1.5 for women aged 36-45 years (95% CI 0.9-2.5) (p for interaction = 0.003). This study supports prior research showing a decreased risk of breast cancer associated with increased body size among premenopausal or young women. More detailed analysis in this study found a strong effect that was limited to the youngest age group (< or = 35 years).  (+info)

Different factors influencing the expression of Raynaud's phenomenon in men and women. (5/18160)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the risk profile for Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is different between men and women. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study of 800 women and 725 men participating in the Framingham Offspring Study, the association of age, marital status, smoking, alcohol use, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia with prevalent RP was examined in men and women separately, after adjusting for relevant confounders. RESULTS: The prevalence of RP was 9.6% (n = 77) in women and 5.8% (n = 42) in men. In women, marital status and alcohol use were each associated with prevalent RP (for marital status adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.4-3.9; for alcohol use OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-5.2), whereas these factors were not associated with RP in men (marital status OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.6-3.5; alcohol use OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.2-4.4). In men, older age (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0-5.2) and smoking (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.3) were associated with prevalent RP; these factors were not associated with RP in women (older age OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4-1.6; smoking OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.1). Diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were not associated with RP in either sex. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that risk factors for RP differ between men and women. Age and smoking were associated with RP in men only, while the associations of marital status and alcohol use with RP were observed in women only. These findings suggest that different mechanisms influence the expression of RP in men and women.  (+info)

Premature morbidity from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. (6/18160)

OBJECTIVE: To determine rates of morbidity due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: I used the California Hospital Discharge Database, which contains information on all discharges from acute care hospitals in California, to identify women with SLE who had been hospitalized for treatment of either acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF), or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) from 1991 to 1994. I compared the proportions of hospitalizations for each cause among women with SLE with those in a group of women without SLE, for 3 age strata (18-44 years, 45-64 years, and > or =65 years). RESULTS: Compared with young women without SLE, young women with SLE were 2.27 times more likely to be hospitalized because of AMI (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.08-3.46), 3.80 times more likely to be hospitalized because of CHF (95% CI 2.41-5.19), and 2.05 times more likely to be hospitalized because of CVA (95% CI 1.17-2.93). Among middle-aged women with SLE, the frequencies of hospitalization for AMI and CVA did not differ from those of the comparison group, but the risk of hospitalization for CHF was higher (odds ratio [OR] 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.73). Among elderly women with SLE, the risk of hospitalization for AMI was significantly lower (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51-0.89), the risk of hospitalization for CHF was higher (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01-1.49), and the risk of hospitalization for CVA was not significantly different from those in the comparison group. CONCLUSION: Young women with SLE are at substantially increased risk of AMI, CHF, and CVA. The relative odds of these conditions decrease with age among women with SLE.  (+info)

Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia pneumoniae, or cytomegalovirus: population based study of coronary heart disease. (7/18160)

OBJECTIVE: To study possible associations between coronary heart disease and serological evidence of persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia pneumoniae, or cytomegalovirus. DESIGN: Population based, case-control study, nested within a randomised trial. SETTING: Five general practices in Bedfordshire, UK. INDIVIDUALS: 288 patients with incident or prevalent coronary heart disease and 704 age and sex matched controls. RESULTS: High concentrations of serum IgG antibodies to H pylori were present in 54% of cases v 46% of controls, with corresponding results for C pneumoniae seropositivity (33% v 33%), and cytomegalovirus seropositivity (40% v 31%). After adjustments for age, sex, smoking, indicators of socioeconomic status, and standard risk factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for coronary heart disease of seropositivity to these agents were: 1.28 (0.93 to 1.75) for H pylori, 0.95 (0.66 to 1.36) for C pneumoniae, and 1.40 (0.96 to 2. 05) for cytomegalovirus. CONCLUSIONS: There is no good evidence of strong associations between coronary heart disease and serological markers of persistent infection with H pylori, C pneumoniae, or cytomegalovirus. To determine the existence of moderate associations between these agents and disease, however, larger scale studies will be needed that can keep residual confounders to a minimum.  (+info)

Cytomegalovirus seropositivity and incident ischaemic heart disease in the Caerphilly prospective heart disease study. (8/18160)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in primary ischaemic heart disease. METHODS: Plasma specimens collected during 1979-83 from men in Caerphilly, south Wales, were analysed for IgG antibodies to CMV by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and latex tests. Incident ischaemic heart disease events were ascertained after five and 10 years from death certificates, hospital records, and ECG changes; 195 incident ischaemic heart disease cases were compared with 216 controls of a similar age drawn from the rest of the cohort. RESULTS: 164 cases (84%) and 180 controls (83%) were seropositive for CMV. Optical density, an indicator of CMV antibody titre, was similar for cases and controls. Among controls, seropositivity was not associated with age, socioeconomic status currently or in childhood, smoking, height, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, or leucocyte count. The unadjusted odds ratio relating CMV seropositivity to incident ischaemic heart disease was 1.06 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 1.79) and was little changed (1.11, 0.63 to 1.97) after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and socioeconomic status currently and in childhood. CONCLUSIONS: CMV infection is unlikely to be a strong risk factor for development of myocardial infarction in middle aged men.  (+info)

Interpretation of Genetic Association Studies: Markers with Replicated Highly Significant Odds Ratios May Be Poor ClassifiersInterpretation of Genetic Association Studies: Markers with Replicated Highly Significant Odds Ratios May Be Poor Classifiers
Recent successful discoveries of potentially causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for complex diseases hold great promise, and commercialization of genomics in personalized medicine has already begun. The hope is that genetic testing will benefit patients and their families, and encourage positive lifestyle changes and guide clinical decisions. However, for many complex diseases, it is arguable whether the era of genomics in personalized medicine is here yet. We focus on the clinical validity of genetic testing with an emphasis on two popular statistical methods for evaluating markers. The two methods, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, are applied to our age-related macular degeneration dataset. By using an additive model of the CFH, LOC387715, and C2 variants, the odds ratios are 2.9, 3.4, and 0.4, with p-values of 10−13, 10−13, and 10−3, respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 0.79, but assuming prevalences of 15%, 5.5%, and 1.5%
https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000337
Alternative Confidence interval for Odds Ratio $\hat{p}\over{1-\hat{p}}$ from Logistic Regression? - Cross ValidatedAlternative Confidence interval for Odds Ratio $\hat{p}\over{1-\hat{p}}$ from Logistic Regression? - Cross Validated
I have a question about confidence interval calculations for the odds ratio $\hat{p}\over{1-\hat{p}}$ from a logistic regression model (perhaps obtained from the method of Generalized Estimating Equations, but thats of secondary importance). Its best asked after a bit of background and an example:. Lets assume we have a simple logistic regression model with a single binary independent variable ($X={0,1} $ ). For $X=1$, we can estimate the log odds by:. $\log({\hat{p}\over{1-\hat{p}}})=\hat{\beta}_0+\hat{\beta}_1$. To obtain a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the odds ratio, textbooks that Ive consulted indicate that you calculate the 95% CI for the odds-ratio, ${\hat{p}\over{1-\hat{p}}}$, by:. Lower Bound= $e^{[\hat{\beta}_0+\hat{\beta}_1-1.96Var(\hat{\beta}_0+\hat{\beta}_1)]}$. Upper Bound= $e^{[\hat{\beta}_0+\hat{\beta}_1+1.96Var(\hat{\beta}_0+\hat{\beta}_1)]}$. What I am wondering is if it is appropriate to use the the Delta Method to obtain the variance of the odds ratio ...
https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/205555/alternative-confidence-interval-for-odds-ratio-hatp-over1-hatp-from-lo
Odds Ratio and Relative Risks :: SAS/STAT(R) 13.1 Users GuideOdds Ratio and Relative Risks :: SAS/STAT(R) 13.1 Users Guide
The value of the odds ratio can be any nonnegative number. When the row and column variables are independent, the true value of the odds ratio equals 1. An odds ratio greater than 1 indicates that the odds of a positive response are higher in row 1 than in row 2. An odds ratio less than 1 indicates that the odds of positive response are higher in row 2. The strength of association increases with the deviation from 1. For details, see Stokes, Davis, and Koch (2000); Agresti (2007). PROC SURVEYFREQ constructs confidence limits for the odds ratio by using the log transform. The ...
http://support.sas.com/documentation/cdl/en/statug/66859/HTML/default/statug_surveyfreq_details43.htm
Epidemiology - Odds Ratio (OR) | Bean Around The WorldEpidemiology - Odds Ratio (OR) | Bean Around The World
PLEASE WHATS THE FORMULA TO GET THE ODDS IF WE HAVE THE RISK COS I DONT KNOW HOW YOU. This is a basic introduction to interpreting odds ratios, confidence Efficacy of drugs: 3 examples to get you to truly understand Number. Definition The Odds Ratio is a measure of association which compares the Formulae OR = (odds of disease in exposed) / (odds of disease in the Great analogy, really helped me to understand odds ration in a simple. I will use this in my teachings. Try out an online to check your math when you first get started. Specifically, the OR measures the ratio of the odds that an event or result will occur to the odds of the event not happening. Olli Raitakari December 2, at 9: Read sporting odds as the likelihood that one team, athlete, or horse, will win. Odds ratios https://www.facebook.com/BeGambleAware/photos/a.1069882653087425.1073741831.1022075201201504/1482759451799741/?type=3 one of a category of statistics clinicians often use to make treatment decisions. The ...
http://175jahrefrauenklinik.de/reading-odds-ratio.php
Can you add up different genes odds ratios to get a general odds ratio? - Cross ValidatedCan you add up different genes odds ratios to get a general odds ratio? - Cross Validated
If you are using a generalized linear model to obtain odds ratio estimates, assuming that there are no interactions between the genes, then you can simply multiply the odds ratios for the two present genes to get the OR for disease.. From your example, assuming the presence of A does not affect how much B contributes to the risk of disease and vice versa, then the OR is 0.8*1.2=0.96.. If the presence of one gene affects how another gene contributes to the disease (ie. there are interactions) then you would also need to multiply the ORs of the interactions.. Edit: Just noticed that these ORs are obtained from 3 different studies. In this case, no it would not be appropriate to combine the ORs in the way I described above. This is because there is no way for you to find out if there are interactions or not.. ...
https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/187107/can-you-add-up-different-genes-odds-ratios-to-get-a-general-odds-ratio
Theres Nothing Odd about the Odds Ratio: Interpreting Binary Logistic Regression - Statistics SolutionsTheres Nothing Odd about the Odds Ratio: Interpreting Binary Logistic Regression - Statistics Solutions
As we covered above, one of these predictors is binary and the other is continuous. This means we have to interpret the two a little bit differently. First is the binary score: gender. We first look at the p value. It is below .05, telling us that it is significant, and we can safely interpret the odds ratio. To interpret this result, we have to know what a 0 (low) and a 1 (high) correspond to, and our researcher recalls that she coded this as 0 = female, and 1 = male. She finds this to be a good thing because when the odds ratio is greater than 1, it describes a positive relationship. The positive relationship means that as gender increases, the odds of being eaten increases. Based on our coding, an increase in gender means a gender of 1 instead of 0 - in other words, being male. This can be interpreted to mean that being in the (1) group, or being male, puts you at 5 times greater odds of being eaten.. If the odds ratio for gender had been below 1, she would have been in trouble, as an ...
http://www.statisticssolutions.com/theres-nothing-odd-about-the-odds-ratio-interpreting-binary-logistic-regression/
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Computing Power and Sample Size for Informational Odds RatioIJERPH | Free Full-Text | Computing Power and Sample Size for Informational Odds Ratio
The informational odds ratio (IOR) measures the post-exposure odds divided by the pre-exposure odds (i.e., information gained after knowing exposure status). A desirable property of an adjusted ratio estimate is collapsibility, wherein the combined crude ratio will not change after adjusting for a variable that is not a confounder. Adjusted traditional odds ratios (TORs) are not collapsible. In contrast, Mantel-Haenszel adjusted IORs, analogous to relative risks (RRs) generally are collapsible. IORs are a useful measure of disease association in case-referent studies, especially when the disease is common in the exposed and/or unexposed groups. This paper outlines how to compute power and sample size in the simple case of unadjusted IORs.
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/10/5239
rs3918242 - SNPediars3918242 - SNPedia
rs3918242 is one of two SNPs in the MMP9 gene associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction, but not coronary artery disease. The relatively weak odds ratios for carriers of one rs3918242(T) allele was 1.14 (p=0.06), and for (T;T) homozygotes, 1.33 (p=0.19). However, this study of 5,000+ Caucasian patients with heart disease also indicated that a composite genotype (i.e. unphased haplotype) of the two MMP9 SNPs (rs3918242 and rs17576, respectively) yielded a significant odds ratio of 1.25 (CI: 1.07 - 1.48, p=0.007) for the (C;T)/(A;G) combination compared to (C;C)/(G;G) combination genotypes.[PMID 17893005 ...
https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Rs3918242
Odds Ratio Proc Logistic Question - SAS Support CommunitiesOdds Ratio Proc Logistic Question - SAS Support Communities
I am running several proc logistic models, utilizing the odds ratio estimates. Although SAS will produce the point estimate, and 95% wald confidence
https://communities.sas.com/t5/SAS-Statistical-Procedures/Odds-Ratio-Proc-Logistic-Question/td-p/114079?nobounce
Formats for p-values and odds ratios in SAS » SAS博客列表Formats for p-values and odds ratios in SAS » SAS博客列表
For the statistical programmer, the question is not why is SAS displaying funny-looking numbers, but what do these numbers tell me about my model and my data? For a p-value, small numbers indicate statistical significance. This is usually good. It means that an effect is significant or that there is evidence to reject some null hypothesis. For an odds ratio, medium-sized numbers appear most often. For example, an odds ratio of 10 (or, equivalently, 1/10) might enable you to conclude that patients in the experimental group are 10 times more likely to survive than patients in the placebo group. Seeing very large numbers (like 104) or very tiny number (10-4) often indicates that something is wrong. Perhaps your model is misspecified, or perhaps the data is degenerate in some way and does not provide any evidence for or against a statistical hypothesis. As an example, lets try to understand why the odds ratio is so extreme for the example in this article. The model is trying to predict ...
http://saslist.com/blog/2016/08/15/formats-for-p-values-and-odds-ratios-in-sas/
Geeglm odds ratio geepack r exampleGeeglm odds ratio geepack r example
What is an odds ratio? Odds ratios are used to compare the relative odds of the occurrence of the outcome of interest This example illustrates a few important
http://isellmx.com/katamatite-east/geeglm-odds-ratio-geepack-r-example.php
ExploringDataBlog: Computing Odds Ratios in RExploringDataBlog: Computing Odds Ratios in R
Including alpha = 0.05 in the parameter list fixes the default value for alpha at 0.05, which yields the 95% confidence intervals for the computed odds ratio, based on the Wald approximation described above. An important practical point is that these intervals become infinitely wide if any of the four numbers Nij are equal to zero; also, note that in this case, the computed odds ratio is either zero or infinite. Finally, it is worth noting that if the numbers Nij are large enough, the procedure just described can encounter numerical overflow problems (i.e., the products in either the numerator or the denominator become too large to be represented in machine arithmetic). If this is a possibility, a better alternative is to regroup the computations as follows ...
http://exploringdatablog.blogspot.com/2011/05/computing-odds-ratios-in-r.html
Odds ratio interpretation | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats ForumOdds ratio interpretation | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats Forum
This comes from SAS odds ratio out put. The second column is the odds ratio SAS prints out (for example .615 for race_p 0 vs 1). One in the DV is being...
https://talkstats.com/threads/odds-ratio-interpretation.73740/
absolute risk, relative risk, and odds ratio | Term Papers Writerabsolute risk, relative risk, and odds ratio | Term Papers Writer
post a definition of the following terms: absolute risk, relative risk, and odds ratio. Make sure you include how to calculate the relative risk and the odds
https://termpaperswriter.com/absolute-risk-relative-risk-and-odds-ratio-2/
Odds ratios (OR)† and corresponding 95% confidence in | Open-iOdds ratios (OR)† and corresponding 95% confidence in | Open-i
Odds ratios (OR)† and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity by education level. The International Agency for R
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC2736843_6605224f3&req=4
Fascination About case study solutionsFascination About case study solutions
The covariates obtainable for all databases had been normally forced to enter the product, supplied they reached at the least 5% prevalence amongst controls. Other covariates had been bundled, delivered they have been substantially (P0.ten for removal). Secondly, we utilised a random outcomes meta-analytic model29 30 to estimate a summary odds ratio (and ninety five% self-confidence interval) throughout databases for current use of each unique NSAID (supplied that a point estimate was available from a minimum of two databases), as opposed with past utilization of any NSAID. Heterogeneity concerning databases specific odds ratios was assessed by Cochrans Q and Higgins I2 figures.31 ...
http://jasperbqblt.full-design.com/Fascination-About-case-study-solutions-11161648
Risk and Odds · Part OneRisk and Odds · Part One
Relative Risk and Odds Ratios are both methods of comparing the likelihood of an outcome occurring between two groups. The difference, and particularly the concept of odds ratios, are commonly confused. Relative risk tends be much more intuitive than odds ratios. Imagine a trial has been performed, where group A was exposed group:. ...
http://www.partone.lifeinthefastlane.com/risk_and_odds.html
The best Side of case study solutionThe best Side of case study solution
The covariates accessible for all databases had been usually compelled to enter the design, presented they arrived at a minimum of 5% prevalence between controls. Other covariates ended up provided, delivered they ended up drastically (P0.ten for elimination). Secondly, we used a random results meta-analytic model29 30 to estimate a summary odds ratio (and ninety five% self-confidence interval) across databases for existing use of each and every specific NSAID (provided that some extent estimate was obtainable from not less than two databases), when compared with earlier usage of any NSAID. Heterogeneity involving databases specific odds ratios was assessed by Cochrans Q and Higgins I2 figures. ...
http://case-study-help21740.full-design.com/The-best-Side-of-case-study-solution-9640587
Odds ratio of 1.00 while the IV is statistically significant | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats ForumOdds ratio of 1.00 while the IV is statistically significant | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats Forum
I apologize in advance for the stupid question. I am new to statistics. I got an odds ratio of 1.00 while the independent variable is statistically...
http://talkstats.com/threads/odds-ratio-of-1-00-while-the-iv-is-statistically-significant.72325/
Logistic Regression ExampleLogistic Regression Example
7) OR=Odds Ratio. The odds of a change in the dependent variable (vote) given a one unit change in age is 1.03. Note: if the OR is ,1, odds increase; if OR ,1, odds decrease; if OR =1, odds are unchanged by this variable. In this example, the odds of voting increases with a one unit increase in age ...
http://acastat.com/statbook/logisticeg.htm
Odds Ratio Confidence Intervals in SNP TestOdds Ratio Confidence Intervals in SNP Test
Hello, I am using SNP Test to do association testing and generate relevant statistics. One of my SNPs appeared strongly associated, p=1.09*10-6; OR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.99 -1.35.. I was just wondering what is being used to calculate the OR CI since it crosses 1, but the p-value appears highly significant.. Can anyone explain this to me?. ...
https://www.biostars.org/p/152530/
Epitools rate ratioEpitools rate ratio
epitools rate ratio, Odds Ratio, Relative Risk, and Risk Difference: How to Use Odds Ratio, Relative Risk, and Risk Difference to Describe the Association Between Two Categorical...
https://zituq.myorigami.site/epitools-rate-ratio.html
Binary trading oddsBinary trading odds
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Considered odd medical - Things You Didnt KnowConsidered odd medical - Things You Didnt Know
Considered odd medical - If I show symptoms for HIV 6 hours post exposure, will I be considered odd in medical history? No such thing. There are no such symptoms of hiv. Your luster of parasthesia is meaningless and not a symptom of any disease.
https://www.healthtap.com/topics/considered-odd-medical
2,6-Piperazinedicarboxylicacid(6ci,7ci) - Alfa Chemistry2,6-Piperazinedicarboxylicacid(6ci,7ci) - Alfa Chemistry
Alfa Chemistry is the worlds leading provider for special chemicals. We offer qualified products for 89601-11-6(2,6-Piperazinedicarboxylicacid(6CI,7CI)),please inquire us for 89601-11-6(2,6-Piperazinedicarboxylicacid(6CI,7CI)).
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Slots Odds and ProbabilitiesSlots Odds and Probabilities
Learn one of the most important aspect of the game - slots odds. With the knowledge of odds you will increase you advantage at slots
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A Quick Guide to Dart Betting OddsA Quick Guide to Dart Betting Odds
Do you want to know how dart betting odds work? ✚ Discover the 3 kinds of betting dart odds as a player ✔ Find out more information in this article!
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How Do Odds Work in Betting?How Do Odds Work in Betting?
Learn about the three popular formats that betting odds are expressed in: fractional, decimal, and moneyline. Find out how to interpret these types of odds.
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Does MAX BET increase odds ? - Casinomeister ForumDoes MAX BET increase odds ? - Casinomeister Forum
I keep reading about MAX BET but some peoples say its increase the odds while other says its only draining your bankroll faster.... whats your opinion ?
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The Definitive Guide to case study assistanceThe Definitive Guide to case study assistance
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(taken with my fandangled cameraphone, neat eh?) . Lately, Ive been crocheting….a lot. This is odd to me because I was never a fan of crochet. My mom taught me how to crochet when I was nine years old and Ive been doing it on and off since then. Ive always had problems with it…
https://quetaknits.wordpress.com/2008/03/12/lately/
14 Facts about Inauguration Day14 Facts about Inauguration Day
The peaceful transfer of power has occurred on every inauguration day, the events surrounding this notable occasion have on occasion taken an odd turn.
https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2017/01/14-facts-about-inauguration-day/
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Odds Ratio and Attributable Risk (Retrospective) - StatsDirectOdds Ratio and Attributable Risk (Retrospective) - StatsDirect
Odds ratio (OR) = (a*d)/(b*c). Estimate of population exposure (Px) = c/(c+d). Estimate of population attributable risk% = 100*(Px*(OR-1))/(1+(Px*(OR-1))). In retrospective studies you select subjects by outcome and look back to see if they have a characteristic factor such as a risk factor or a protection factor for a disease. The odds ratio ((a/c)/(b/d)) looks at the likelihood of an outcome in relation to a characteristic factor. In epidemiological terms, the odds ratio is used as a point estimate of the relative risk in retrospective studies. Odds ratio is the key statistic for most case-control studies.. In prospective studies, Attributable risk or risk difference is used to quantify risk in the exposed group that is attributable to the exposure. In retrospective studies, attributable risk can not be calculated directly but population attributable risk can be estimated. Population attributable risk estimates the proportion of disease in the study population that is attributable to the ...
https://www.statsdirect.co.uk/help/clinical_epidemiology/risk_retrospective.htm
Odds Ratio and Attributable Risk (Retrospective) - StatsDirectOdds Ratio and Attributable Risk (Retrospective) - StatsDirect
Odds ratio (OR) = (a*d)/(b*c). Estimate of population exposure (Px) = c/(c+d). Estimate of population attributable risk% = 100*(Px*(OR-1))/(1+(Px*(OR-1))). In retrospective studies you select subjects by outcome and look back to see if they have a characteristic factor such as a risk factor or a protection factor for a disease. The odds ratio ((a/c)/(b/d)) looks at the likelihood of an outcome in relation to a characteristic factor. In epidemiological terms, the odds ratio is used as a point estimate of the relative risk in retrospective studies. Odds ratio is the key statistic for most case-control studies.. In prospective studies, Attributable risk or risk difference is used to quantify risk in the exposed group that is attributable to the exposure. In retrospective studies, attributable risk can not be calculated directly but population attributable risk can be estimated. Population attributable risk estimates the proportion of disease in the study population that is attributable to the ...
https://www.statsdirect.com/help/miscellaneous/risk_retrospective.htm
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In females, the fully adjusted mean (95% confidence interval) HbA1c levels in non-snorers and in occasional, frequent, and constant snorers were 5.53% (5.47-5.59%), 5.53% (5.47-5.59%), 5.57% (5.49-5.64%), and 5.57% (5.51-5.64%), respectively, reflecting a dose-response relationship (p trend=0.004). Compared with female non-snorers, the risk of an elevated HbA1c level (top quintile, ≥5.9%) in constant snorers remained significant (odds ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.66) after full adjustment. In addition, in females, a significant linear trend in HbA1c level odds ratio by increased snoring frequency was apparent (p trend=0.019 in model 3). In contrast, no significant association between snoring frequency and HbA1c level was identified in males. No significant association between snoring frequency and HOMA-IR was detected in either gender ...
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Tom Prophet Hsiung » Why the Odds Ratio Can Be Used as an Estimate for Relative Risk in a Case-Control StudyTom Prophet Hsiung » Why the Odds Ratio Can Be Used as an Estimate for Relative Risk in a Case-Control Study
The latter term is the odds ratio of the population (literally, the ratio of the odds of disease in those with the risk factor, a/b, to the odds of disease in those without the risk factor, c/d). a/c in the population equals a/c in the sample is the cases are representative of all cases in the population (i.e., have the same prevalence of the risk factor). Similarly, b/d equals b/d if the controls are representative. Therefore, the population parameters in this last term can be replaced by the sample parameters, and we are left with the fact that the odds ratio observed in the sample, ad/bc, is a close approximation of the relative risk in the population [a/(a + b)]/[c/(c + d)], provided that the disease is rare. Why cant calculate risk in a case-control study? For most people, the risk of some particular outcome, being akin to probability, makes more sense and is easier to interpret than the odds for that same outcome. To calculate the risk, you need to know two things: the total ...
http://www.tomhsiung.com/wordpress/2017/06/why-the-odds-ratio-can-be-used-as-an-estimate-for-relative-risk-in-a-case-control-study/
Logistic Regression (Multiple Logistic, Odds Ratio) - StatsDirectLogistic Regression (Multiple Logistic, Odds Ratio) - StatsDirect
Approximate confidence intervals are given for the odds ratios derived from the covariates.. Bootstrap estimates A bootstrap procedure may be used to cross-validate confidence intervals calculated for odds ratios derived from fitted logistic models (Efron and Tibshirani, 1997; Gong, 1986). The bootstrap confidence intervals used here are the bias-corrected type.. The mechanism that StatsDirect uses is to draw a specified number of random samples (with replacement, i.e. some observations are drawn once only, others more than once and some not at all) from your data. These re-samples are fed back into the logistic regression and bootstrap estimates of confidence intervals for the model parameters are made by examining the model parameters calculated at each cycle of the process. The bias statistic shows how much each mean model parameter from the bootstrap distribution deviates from observed model parameters.. Classification and ROC curve The confidence interval given with the likelihood ...
https://www.statsdirect.com/help/regression_and_correlation/logistic.htm
Polygenic Risk Scores: Odds ratio or Beta-coefficient?Polygenic Risk Scores: Odds ratio or Beta-coefficient?
Hi all, I have recently started a project on modelling a polygenic risk score model to evaluate its utilitiy in predicting a certain disease. After doing some reading, I have come across various models for unweighted and weighted Genetic Risk Score models. I am wondering about the use of odds ratio (OR) versus the Beta-coefficient of each SNP variant in a risk score model. For instance, here they used the Beta-coefficient in their model, while here they used the odds ratio. Is there any difference in using the odds ratio versus the Beta-coefficient in a risk score model? Also, I noticed that some papers use log(OR) rather than ln(OR), is there a major difference between both?. Thanks!. ...
https://www.biostars.org/p/336405/
21st Century Researchers: Stata: Export Logistic Regression (Coefficient/Odds ratio) to Word or Excel21st Century Researchers: Stata: Export Logistic Regression (Coefficient/Odds ratio) to Word or Excel
Stata provides two commands for logistic regression: logit and logistic. Logit reports coefficients; whereas logistic reports odds ratios. The general command for logistic regression appears like this ...
http://21cresearcher.blogspot.com/2009/06/stata-export-logistic-regression.html
Calculate odds ratio(OR) in R | KeapNotes blogCalculate odds ratio(OR) in R | KeapNotes blog
Odds ratio(OR)从字面上可看出，是两个odds的ratio，其用于： 在病例对照研究（case-control study）中，分析暴露风险因素与疾病（或者用药）的关联程度；主要是反映暴露与疾病之间关联强度的指标，OR常适用于病例对照研究，也可以运用于前瞻性的研究（当观察时间相等时） 与其相似的有个指标relative risk(RR)，其可以理解为risk ratio，用于：
https://www.bioinfo-scrounger.com/archives/Calculate-odds-ratio-in-R/index.html
case study analysis for Dummiescase study analysis for Dummies
19, P = 0.003). It is a vintage example of confounding, Because the altered odds ratio differed from the crude odds ratio (0.7) due to the fact zidovudine use was a lot more likely among the equally case people and controls after exposure characterized by one or more of the 4 possibility components inside the design. These hazard components have been much more commonplace between case clients than among the controls, indicating the case patients had far more major publicity in comparison to the controls; for this reason, the crude odds ratio for zidovudine use was seriously confounded ...
http://codywkudl.ezblogz.com/3049963/case-study-analysis-for-dummies
The best Side of case study helpThe best Side of case study help
19, P = 0.003). This is the common illustration of confounding, For the reason that modified odds ratio differed from the crude odds ratio (0.7) because zidovudine use was far more very likely amid both equally case sufferers and controls immediately after publicity characterised by one or more with the four possibility variables from the model. These hazard elements ended up much more prevalent amid case people than amid controls, indicating which the case patients experienced additional significant publicity as opposed to controls; thats why, the crude odds ratio for zidovudine use was severely confounded ...
http://paxtonrgrfm.diowebhost.com/4384159/the-best-side-of-case-study-help
English languageEnglish language
Parity: is 1,075,003 an odd number?An integer is an odd number if it is not evenly divisible by 2, that is, it yields a remainder of 1 when divided by 2. 1,075,003 is odd since its not divisible by 2: remainder = 1 when divided by 2. An integer is odd if its last digit is: 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9. Odd = {2 × k + 1, where k ∈ Z} Operating rules: The following rules apply when operating with even and odd numbers: Adding: even + even = even; even + odd = odd; odd + odd = even. Subtracting: even - even = even; even - odd = odd; odd - odd = even. Multiplying: even × even = even; even × odd = even; odd × odd = odd. More operations of this kind: 1,075,002 even, odd? 1,075,004 even, odd?
https://www.numere-prime.ro/parity-is-number-odd-or-even.php?number=1075003
English languageEnglish language
Parity: is 4,968,750,001 an odd number?An integer is an odd number if it is not evenly divisible by 2, that is, it yields a remainder of 1 when divided by 2. 4,968,750,001 is odd since its not divisible by 2: remainder = 1 when divided by 2. An integer is odd if its last digit is: 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9. Odd = {2 × k + 1, where k ∈ Z} Operating rules: The following rules apply when operating with even and odd numbers: Adding: even + even = even; even + odd = odd; odd + odd = even. Subtracting: even - even = even; even - odd = odd; odd - odd = even. Multiplying: even × even = even; even × odd = even; odd × odd = odd. More operations of this kind: 4,968,750,000 even, odd? 4,968,750,002 even, odd?
https://www.numere-prime.ro/parity-is-number-odd-or-even.php?number=4968750001
The best Side of case study helpThe best Side of case study help
19, P = 0.003). This can be a basic illustration of confounding, since the altered odds ratio differed in the crude odds ratio (0.7) because zidovudine use was browse around here more very likely amongst both equally case sufferers and controls after publicity characterized by a number of of your 4 danger things while in the model. These chance variables were extra common amid case people than among the controls, indicating the case clients had far more severe exposure in comparison to the controls; as a result, the crude odds ratio for zidovudine use was seriously confounded ...
http://andreacwqh.canariblogs.com/the-best-side-of-case-study-help-4194044
R] glm: getting the confidence interval for an Odds Ratio, when using predict()R] glm: getting the confidence interval for an Odds Ratio, when using predict()
Case solved. Thanks a lot Peter! Dominic C. -----Message dorigine----- De : peter dalgaard [mailto:pdalgd at gmail.com] Envoyé : 20 mars 2012 07:57 À : Dominic Comtois Cc : r-help at r-project.org help Objet : Re: [R] glm: getting the confidence interval for an Odds Ratio, when using predict() [Oops, forgot cc. to list] On Mar 20, 2012, at 04:40 , Dominic Comtois wrote: , I apologize for the errors in the previous code. Here is a reworked example. It works, but I suspect problems in the se calculation. I changed, from the 1st prediction to the 2nd only one covariate, so that the ORs CI should be equal to the exponentiated variables coefficient and ci. And we get something different: Yep. Classical rookie mistake: Forgot to take sqrt() in the se. I then get , se ,- sqrt(contr %*% V %*% t(contr)) , , # display the CI , exp(contr %*% coef(model) + qnorm(c(.025,.50,.975))*se) [1] 0.655531 1.686115 4.336918 , , # the point estimate is ok, as verified with , exp(model$coefficients[3]) x2cat2 ...
https://www.stat.math.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2012-March/307242.html
R] Plot of odds ratios obtained from a logistic modelR] Plot of odds ratios obtained from a logistic model
Hi all! I am trying to develop a plot a figure in which I would like to show the odds ratios obtained from a logistic model. I have tried with the dotplot option but no success. Could you help me? Is there any option when modelling the logistic model in R? Thank you in advance ...
https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2010-February/227280.html
Whats the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomesWhats the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes
Logistic regression is used frequently in cohort studies and clinical trials. When the incidence of an outcome of interest is common in the study population (|10%), the adjusted odds ratio derived from the logistic regression can no longer approximate the risk ratio. The more frequent the outcome …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9832001/?dopt=Abstract
Journal: Journal of the American College of Nutrition / Publication Year: 2019 / Source: 2019 v.38 no.5 / Subject: odds ratio /...Journal: Journal of the American College of Nutrition / Publication Year: 2019 / Source: 2019 v.38 no.5 / Subject: odds ratio /...
This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the association between anthocyanin consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer. All relative articles were located on online databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library as of June 11, 2018. Risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through the STATA 12.0 software package. A total of seven stud ...
https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bjournal_name%5D%5B%5D=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&f%5Bpublication_year_rev%5D%5B%5D=7981-2019&f%5Bsource%5D%5B%5D=2019+v.38+no.5&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=odds+ratio&f%5Btext_availability%5D%5B%5D=Citation+in+PubAg&per_page=20&sort=date-desc
Journal: Journal of the American College of Nutrition / Source: 2019 v.38 no.5 / Subject: odds ratio - PubAg Search ResultsJournal: Journal of the American College of Nutrition / Source: 2019 v.38 no.5 / Subject: odds ratio - PubAg Search Results
This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the association between anthocyanin consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer. All relative articles were located on online databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library as of June 11, 2018. Risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through the STATA 12.0 software package. A total of seven stud ...
https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bjournal_name%5D%5B%5D=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&f%5Bsource%5D%5B%5D=2019+v.38+no.5&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=odds+ratio&per_page=20&sort=date-asc
Plus itPlus it
Validity of responses to film questions-To evaluate the validity of adolescents recollection of films they had seen, we re-contacted 49 adolescents who had participated in a longitudinal study in which they reported each month the films they had seen in the past week. Adolescents had excellent recognition of the films they reported seeing during the previous year, identifying films correctly 88% of the time. In addition, the adolescents rarely reported seeing false film titles with false actors (3.0%) or false film titles with real actors (2.7%).. Statistical analysis-We used the χ2 test or analysis of variance to evaluate the association between trying smoking and each of the confounding variables. We used logistic regression to determine the crude odds ratios, adjusted odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Firstly, we used a crude model in which exposure to smoking in films was entered as four categories that corresponded to fourths of exposure in the student population. Next, we added ...
http://www.bmj.com/content/323/7326/1394
Matched Pairs Odds Ratio ExampleMatched Pairs Odds Ratio Example
Problems due to Small Samples and Sparse Data in - died Odds Ratio Std. Err. z P>|z| Cohort matched-pair risk ratio 298 Estimating adjusted risk ratios for matched and unmatched data:.
https://mastersgfp.org/renison-bell/matched-pairs-odds-ratio-example.php
ChB3-CDFOR2LRR: Convert CDF Odds Ratio to Logged Relative Risks in PwrGSD: Power in a Group Sequential DesignChB3-CDFOR2LRR: Convert CDF Odds Ratio to Logged Relative Risks in PwrGSD: Power in a Group Sequential Design
Given the values of the baseline hazard and odds ratio of the CDF at a grid of time points find the corresponding logged risk ratio.
https://rdrr.io/rforge/PwrGSD/man/ChB3-CDFOR2LRR.html
The Estimation of the Odds Ratio by Petos Method<...The Estimation of the Odds Ratio by Petos Method<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The Estimation of the Odds Ratio by Petos Method. AU - Scott, William F. PY - 2004. Y1 - 2004. M3 - Article. VL - 29. SP - 45. EP - 48. JO - Mathematical Sciences. JF - Mathematical Sciences. SN - 0312-3685. ER - ...
https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-estimation-of-the-odds-ratio-by-petos-method
combinatorics - What is the probability that a 1 was sent, given that 1 was received? - Mathematics Stack Exchangecombinatorics - What is the probability that a 1 was sent, given that 1 was received? - Mathematics Stack Exchange
Lets start out simply:. The odds of a 0 being sent are 0.3. The odds of a 1 being sent are 0.4. The odds of a 2 being sent are 0.3.. The odds of a 1 being received given that a 0 was sent are 0.2. Out of the total sample space, thats odds of 0.3 * 0.2 = 0.06.. Likewise, odds of a 2 being sent and a 1 being received (out of total sample space) is 0.3 * 0.1 = 0.03.. Total odds (out of total sample space) of a 1 being received when something else was sent is then 0.03 + 0.06 = 0.09.. Odds of a 1 being sent and received is 0.4 * 0.7 = 0.28. (Note: Given that a 1 was sent, odds of a 0 being received are 0.2. Given that a 1 was sent, odds of a 2 being received are 0.1. Thus, given that a 1 was sent, odds of a 1 being received are 0.7.). So given that a 1 was received, the odds that it was actually a 1 that was sent are 0.28 / (0.28 + 0.09) = 0.28 / 0.37 = 28/37 $\approx$ 0.757.. ...
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2056474/what-is-the-probability-that-a-1-was-sent-given-that-1-was-received
HomVEE - Child First - Effects Shown in Research & Outcome Measure DetailsHomVEE - Child First - Effects Shown in Research & Outcome Measure Details
For a uniform approach, HomVEE calculates mean differences as the program group mean minus the comparison group mean. In some studies, authors did this calculation in the opposite direction.. The odds ratio is the odds of an event occurring in one group divided by the odds of an event occurring in another group. If the odds of an event occurring in group A equals 3 and the odds of an event occurring in group B equals 2, the odds ratio equals 1.5. In other words, there is a 1.5 times greater likelihood the event will occur in group A than in group B.. ...
http://homvee.acf.hhs.gov/Effects/1/Child-First/42/Maternal-Health/1/4
HomVEE - Parents as Teachers (PAT)<sup>®</sup> - Effects Shown in Research & Outcome...HomVEE - Parents as Teachers (PAT)<sup>®</sup> - Effects Shown in Research & Outcome...
For a uniform approach, HomVEE calculates mean differences as the program group mean minus the comparison group mean. In some studies, authors did this calculation in the opposite direction.. The odds ratio is the odds of an event occurring in one group divided by the odds of an event occurring in another group. If the odds of an event occurring in group A equals 3 and the odds of an event occurring in group B equals 2, the odds ratio equals 1.5. In other words, there is a 1.5 times greater likelihood the event will occur in group A than in group B.. ...
http://homvee.acf.hhs.gov/Effects/1/Parents-as-Teachers--PAT-/16/Child-Health/2/4/
Quantitative Bias Analysis for Epidemiologic DataQuantitative Bias Analysis for Epidemiologic Data
List of 4 ## $ obs.data : num [1:2, 1:2] 215 668 1449 4296 ## ..- attr(*, dimnames)=List of 2 ## .. ..$ : chr [1:2] BC+ BC- ## .. ..$ : chr [1:2] Smoke+ Smoke- ## $ obs.measures: num [1:2, 1:3] 0.965 0.954 0.852 0.809 1.093 ... ## ..- attr(*, dimnames)=List of 2 ## .. ..$ : chr [1:2] Observed Relative Risk: Observed Odds Ratio: ## .. ..$ : chr [1:3] 2.5% 97.5% ## $ adj.measures: num [1:4, 1:3] 0.943 0.925 0.936 0.916 0.882 ... ## ..- attr(*, dimnames)=List of 2 ## .. ..$ : chr [1:4] Relative Risk -- systematic error: Odds Ratio -- systematic error: Relative Risk -- systematic and random error: Odds Ratio -- systematic and random error: ## .. ..$ : chr [1:3] Median 2.5th percentile 97.5th percentile ## $ sim.df :data.frame: 50000 obs. of 12 variables: ## ..$ seca : num [1:50000] 0.772 0.897 0.802 0.921 0.935 ... ## ..$ seexp : num [1:50000] 0.772 0.897 0.802 0.921 0.935 ... ## ..$ spca : num [1:50000] 0.919 0.94 0.912 0.943 0.965 ... ## ..$ spexp : ...
https://cran.rstudio.com/web/packages/episensr/vignettes/episensr.html
2008.01479] Interaction between two exposures: determining odds ratios and confidence intervals for risk estimates2008.01479] Interaction between two exposures: determining odds ratios and confidence intervals for risk estimates
Abstract: In epidemiological research, it is common to investigate the interaction between risk factors for an outcome such as a disease and hence to estimate the risk associated with being exposed for either or both of two risk factors under investigation. Interactions can be estimated both on the additive and multiplicative scale using the same regression model. We here present a review for calculating interaction and estimating the risk and confidence interval of two exposures using a single regression model and the relationship between measures, particularly the standard error for the combined exposure risk group ...
http://export.arxiv.org/abs/2008.01479?context=stat
the odds 1 out - Yahoo Search Resultsthe odds 1 out - Yahoo Search Results
A 1 in 500 chance of winning, or probability of winning, is entered into this calculator as 1 to 500 Odds are for winning. You may also see odds reported simply as chance of winning as 500:1. This most likely means 500 to 1 Odds are against winning which is exactly the same as 1 to 500 Odds are for winning ...
https://search.yahoo.com/mobile/s?p=the+odds+1+out&ei=UTF-8&_tsrc=apple&age=1d&fr2=p%3As%2Cv%3Aw%2Cm%3Ars-top
Plus itPlus it
Results of epidemiological studies need to be expressed in understandable terms if they are to be of practical use to clinicians and policy makers. Case-control studies are often used to study adverse effects of treatment; odds ratios from these are used to express the magnitude of adverse effects, but are not intuitively understandable estimates of risk. A more understandable and informative means of expressing the risk of adverse events in case-control studies is the number of patients needed to be treated for one additional patient to be harmed. This is calculated from the odds ratio and the unexposed event ratemdash;that is, the rate of occurrence of the adverse event of interest in people not exposed to the treatment. ...
http://www.bmj.com/content/320/7233/503
betting odds probability calculatorbetting odds probability calculator
URL:「6718239.com「,betting odds probability calculator,racing bets today,workday open odds,cbb picks ats,frankie dettori magnificent 7 odds;
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Poker Implied OddsPoker Implied Odds
Implied odds are a very useful extension of pot odds that will help you to make more profitable decisions with drawing hands. Use this guide to help you learn how to use implied odds.
https://www.thepokerbank.com/strategy/mathematics/implied-odds/
Odds help - Learning Poker - CardsChat™Odds help - Learning Poker - CardsChat™
Hello everyone, I have a question about odds / pot odds. The formula for the pot odds is: for example I have 3 outs (14.67: 1 flop to turn,
https://www.cardschat.com/f57/odds-help-300809/
北京市18~65岁居民高胆固醇血症流行现状与影响因素分析 - 中华流行病学杂志北京市18~65岁居民高胆固醇血症流行现状与影响因素分析 - 中华流行病学杂志
结果. 17 662例有效样本中，血清胆固醇均值为（4.69±0.95）mmol/L，高胆固醇血症患病率为6.26%，边缘值升高率为21.34%。男性高胆固醇血症患病率为6.33%，女性为6.20%，差异无统计学意义（Z=1.64，P=0.10）；城区居民患病率为6.73%，高于郊区居民的5.59%（Z=-7.27，P,0.01）。高胆固醇血症患病率随年龄增加呈上升趋势（趋势检验χ2=308.85，P,0.01），其中男性（χ2=81.65，P,0.01）、女性（χ2=318.04，P,0.01）、城区居民（χ2=201.77，P,0.01）、郊区居民（χ2=114.65，P,0.01）均呈相同趋势。多因素logistic回归分析显示，高年龄组、女性（OR=1.23，95%CI：1.04~1.45）、超重（OR=1.56，95%CI：1.34~1.81）、肥胖（OR=1.82，95%CI：1.54~2.16）、每天吸烟（OR=1.24，95%CI：1.03~1.50）、每天饮酒（OR=1.40，95%CI：1.12~1.75）、牛羊肉摄入每周,1次（OR=1.19，95%CI：1.02~1.39）是高胆固醇血症的危险因素。 ...
http://zhlxbxzz.yiigle.com/CN112338201707/996645.jhtml
Converting probability to oddsConverting probability to odds
Having problems converting some probabilities into odds. Need to turn these probabilities into odds as 1 in X chance 0.192 0.01408 0.00128 0.000192 0.00000256 0.00000128 0.000000256
https://www.freemathhelp.com/forum/threads/109876-Converting-probability-to-odds
Ill Take Those Odds Achievement in F.E.A.R. 2: Project Origin (JP)Ill Take Those Odds Achievement in F.E.A.R. 2: Project Origin (JP)
Ill Take Those Odds Achievement in F.E.A.R. 2: Project Origin (JP): Have more kills than deaths at the end of any ranked match - worth 15 GamerScore
https://www.trueachievements.com/a35971/ill-take-those-odds-achievement
HELDIVA Prima | Vyživujúci a hydratujúci krémový kondicionér so slimáčím slizom, 200ml | Milva SlovenskoHELDIVA Prima | Vyživujúci a hydratujúci krémový kondicionér so slimáčím slizom, 200ml | Milva Slovensko
HELDIVA Prima Vyživujúci a hydratujúci krémový kondicionér, 200mlpre normálne, suché a poškodené vlasy so slimačím slizom Bohatá krémová textúra
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Odds - Poker ForumsOdds - Poker Forums
Odds are not a difficult concept to understand, but some players seem to think, that because they have two chances to improve after the
https://www.cardschat.com/f57/odds-301481/
Michelle and Kristanna are odd indeed | The BlemishMichelle and Kristanna are odd indeed | The Blemish
Michelle Rodriguez and Kristanna Loken are one of those odd pairings. Kristanna looks Amazonian standing next to Michelle and Michelle is so butch she swea
https://theblemish.com/2006/11/michelle-and-kristanna-are-odd-indeed/
Search of: 19431006 [PUBMED-IDS] - List Results - ClinicalTrials.govSearch of: 19431006 [PUBMED-IDS] - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
The odds ratio was the primary outcome measure of association between the the occurrence of complications and exposure to health providers in the past 12 months ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/search/term=19431006%20%5BPUBMED-IDS%5D
Placi PCR Low Profile - Plăci PCR & qPCR - Plăci 96 Godeuri - Microplăci - Consumabile Pentru LaboratorPlaci PCR Low Profile - Plăci PCR & qPCR - Plăci 96 Godeuri - Microplăci - Consumabile Pentru Laborator
Bio Zyme este o companie specializată în importul și distribuția de kituri, reactivi, echipamente și consumabile de laborator, utilizate în special în universități, în centrele și institutele de cercetare, în spitale sau cabinete private, în industria farmaceutică precum și în toate instituțiile în care există laboratoare de biologie celulară și moleculară, genetică, citogenetică, microbiologie, virusologie, biotehnologie, biochimie, imunohistochimie, anatomie patologică, precum și în laboratoarele ce utilizează tehnici de microscopie optică și electronică (TEM și SEM).
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CASS4CASS4
Odds ratio 0.8888; p-value 1.75 ×10−7.[17] SNP rs6024870, RegulomeDB[18] score 2b, which means that this SNP is likely to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASS4
Behavioural geneticsBehavioural genetics
denoting the slope in a regression equation), or, in the case of binary disease outcomes by the odds ratio O. R. {\displaystyle ... The odds ratio". BMJ. 320 (7247): 1468. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7247.1468. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1127651. PMID 10827061.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioural_genetics
Bronchial artery embolizationBronchial artery embolization
odds ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.28-0.73; p = 0.001). Omachi et al. of the Hemoptysis and Pulmonary Circulation Center, Kishiwada ... This, in fact, is the ratio of re-hemoptysis mechanism occurring in 9.6% cases in 1 year, and in 14.1% of those in 2 years. ... each underlying disease's ratio is 34.0%, 23.5%, 18.4%, 13.3%, 6.8%, respectively. Other diseases for which BAE is effective ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchial_artery_embolization
OrOr
Odds ratio, a measure of effect size in statistics. Other uses in science and technology[edit]. *OR, a previous title of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OR
Obesity-associated morbidityObesity-associated morbidity
... with an of odds ratio 1.3. Being morbidly obese increases the odds ratio to 2.0. Obesity is related to many complications in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity-associated_morbidity
RefugeeRefugee
For depression the odds ratio was 9.50 among Bosnian women.[82] A study by the Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine ... the odds of dying in a motor vehicle crash are 1 in 113, by state sanctioned execution 1 in 111,439, or by dog attack 1 in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee
Effect sizeEffect size
... the odds ratio is 3. Odds ratio statistics are on a different scale than Cohen's d, so this '3' is not comparable to a Cohen's ... This measure of effect size differs from the odds ratio in that it compares probabilities instead of odds, but asymptotically ... In medical research, the odds ratio is commonly used for case-control studies, as odds, but not probabilities, are usually ... The odds ratio (OR) is another useful effect size. It is appropriate when the research question focuses on the degree of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effect_size
Meta-analysisMeta-analysis
doi: 10.1111/bmsp.12189 Bonett DG, Price RM (2015). "Varying coefficient meta-analysis methods for odds ratios and risk ratios ... "9.4.4.2 Peto odds ratio method". Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions v 5.1.0. March 2011. Bargaje R, ... AD is more commonly available (e.g. from the literature) and typically represents summary estimates such as odds ratios or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-analysis
Case-control studyCase-control study
Risk difference, Number needed to treat, Number needed to harm, Risk ratio, Relative risk reduction, Odds ratio, Hazard ratio ... We only get odds ratio from a case-control study, which is an inferior measure of strength of association as compared to ... In retrospective studies the odds ratio provides an estimate of relative risk. You should take special care to avoid sources of ... was later shown by Miettinen in 1976 that the odds ratio of exposure can be used to directly estimate the incidence rate ratio ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case-control_study
Binary classificationBinary classification
Taking the ratio of one of these groups of ratios yields a final ratio, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). This can also be ... One can take ratios of a complementary pair of ratios, yielding four likelihood ratios (two column ratio of ratios, two row ... ratio of ratios). This is primarily done for the column (condition) ratios, yielding likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing. ... There are thus two pairs of column ratios and two pairs of row ratios, and one can summarize these with four numbers by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_classification
Poker calculatorPoker calculator
A poker odds calculator calculates a player's winning ratio. Winning ratio is defined as, the number of games won divided by ... Both a poker odds and advantage calculators can provide results provided a specific game scenario. Game scenario variables ... Poker calculators come in three flavors: poker advantage calculators, poker odds calculators and poker relative calculators. ... A poker advantage calculator calculates a player's winning ratio and normalizes (see Normalization (statistics)) the winning ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poker_calculator
Differential diagnoses of depressionDifferential diagnoses of depression
"Adjusted odds ratio for diagnosis of major depressive disorder... suggested a strong association between restless legs syndrome ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_diagnoses_of_depression
Cross-sectional studyCross-sectional study
... not only the odds ratio, but also absolute risks and relative risks from prevalences (sometimes called prevalence risk ratio, ... Lee, James (1994). "Odds Ratio or Relative Risk for Cross-Sectional Data?". International Journal of Epidemiology. 23 (1): 201- ... Schmidt, CO; Kohlmann, T (2008). "When to use the odds ratio or the relative risk?". International Journal of Public Health. 53 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-sectional_study
Logistic regressionLogistic regression
... odds}}=e^{\beta _{0}+\beta _{1}x}.} For a continuous independent variable the odds ratio can be defined as: O R = odds ⁡ ( x + ... meaning that it does not necessarily increase as the odds ratio increases and does not necessarily decrease as the odds ratio ... One limitation of the likelihood ratio R² is that it is not monotonically related to the odds ratio, ... 1 (1). "How to Interpret Odds Ratio in Logistic Regression?". Institute for Digital Research and Education. Everitt, Brian ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_regression
Multinomial logistic regressionMultinomial logistic regression
... red bus odds ratio of 1 : 0.5 : 0.5, thus maintaining a 1 : 1 ratio of car : any bus while adopting a changed car : blue bus ... Suppose the odds ratio between the two is 1 : 1. Now if the option of a red bus is introduced, a person may be indifferent ... Separate odds ratios are determined for all independent variables for each category of the dependent variable with the ... This assumption states that the odds of preferring one class over another do not depend on the presence or absence of other " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinomial_logistic_regression
Sensitivity and specificitySensitivity and specificity
Positive likelihood ratio (LR+) = TPR/FPR. Diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) = LR+/LR−. F1 score = 2/1/Recall + 1/Precision. ... Likelihood ratio positive = sensitivity / (1 − specificity) = 0.67 / (1 − 0.91) = 7.4. *Likelihood ratio negative = (1 − ... Sensitivity is not the same as the precision or positive predictive value (ratio of true positives to combined true and false ... "Diagnostic test online calculator calculates sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and predictive values from a 2x2 table ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity
H2 antagonistH2 antagonist
adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.22) Humphries TJ, Merritt GJ (August 1999). "Review article: drug interactions with agents used to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H2_antagonist
Fishers noncentral hypergeometric distributionFisher's noncentral hypergeometric distribution
We will say that the odds ratio is ω = ω1 / ω2. Now we are taking balls randomly in such a way that the probability of taking a ... The two distributions are both equal to the (central) hypergeometric distribution when the odds ratio is 1. Unfortunately, both ... Their odds ratio is given as ω = ω X ω Y = π X / ( 1 − π X ) π Y / ( 1 − π Y ) {\displaystyle \omega ={\frac {\omega _{X}}{\ ... The bias or odds can be estimated from an experimental value of the mean. Use Wallenius' noncentral hypergeometric distribution ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher's_noncentral_hypergeometric_distribution
Wallenius noncentral hypergeometric distributionWallenius' noncentral hypergeometric distribution
We will say that the odds ratio is ω = ω1 / ω2. Now we are taking n balls, one by one, in such a way that the probability of ... The two distributions are both equal to the (central) hypergeometric distribution when the odds ratio is 1. It is far from ... The equation for the mean is also useful for estimating the odds from experimentally obtained values for the mean. No good way ... The same equation can be used for estimating the odds from an experimentally obtained value of the mean. Wallenius' ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallenius'_noncentral_hypergeometric_distribution
CIETmapCIETmap
... odds ratios, risk difference, gains and confidence intervals. An interface with R gives access to most statistical capabilities ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIETmap
Log-linear analysisLog-linear analysis
... odds ratios are used. Odds ratios are preferred over chi-square statistics for two main reasons: 1. Odds ratios are independent ... Odds ratios are not affected by unequal marginal distributions. R with the loglm function of the MASS package (see tutorial) ... If the likelihood ratio chi-square statistic is non-significant, then the model fits well (i.e., calculated expected ... The chi-square difference test is computed by subtracting the likelihood ratio chi-square statistics for the two models being ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-linear_analysis
Independence (probability theory)Independence (probability theory)
OddsEdit. Stated in terms of odds, two events are independent if and only if the odds ratio of A. {\displaystyle A}. and B. {\ ... The odds ratio can be defined as O. (. A. ∣. B. ). :. O. (. A. ∣. ¬. B. ). ,. {\displaystyle O(A\mid B):O(A\mid \neg B),}. or ... this is equivalent to the conditional odds being equal to the unconditional odds: O. (. A. ∣. B. ). =. O. (. A. ). and O. (. B ... or to the odds of one event, given the other event, being the same as the odds of the event, given the other event not ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutually_independent
Predictive analyticsPredictive analytics
However, the odds ratio is easier to interpret in the logit model. Practical reasons for choosing the probit model over the ... The Wald and likelihood-ratio test are used to test the statistical significance of each coefficient b in the model (analogous ... Computational sociology Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History Disease surveillance Learning analytics Odds algorithm ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_analytics
Case-control studyCase-control study
The usual methods of estimating more interpretable parameters than odds ratios -- such as risk ratios, levels, and differences ... the odds ratio of exposure can be used to estimate the relative risk (see rare disease assumption). The validity of the odds ... When the logistic regression model is used to model the case-control data and the odds ratio is of interest, both the ... A case-control study produces only an odds ratio, which is an inferior measure of strength of association compared to relative ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case–control_study
Multifactor dimensionality reductionMultifactor dimensionality reduction
Chung, Yujin; Lee, Seung Yeoun; Elston, Robert C.; Park, Taesung (1 January 2007). "Odds ratio based multifactor-dimensionality ... These include family-based methods, fuzzy methods, covariate adjustment, odds ratios, risk scores, survival methods, robust ... Here, the ratio of counts is 0/1 which is less than our fixed threshold of 1. Since 0/1 < 1 we encode a new attribute (Z) as a ... In this simple example, Y=1 occurs zero times and Y=0 occurs once for the combination of X1=0 and X2=0. With MDR, the ratio of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multifactor_dimensionality_reduction
Independence of irrelevant alternativesIndependence of irrelevant alternatives
It says that the new choice must not change the odds ratio of 1:1 between car and red bus. Since Doe's indifference to color ... Suppose he chooses between these two options with equal probability on a given day (because of weather or whim). The odds ratio ... IIA implies that adding another option or changing the characteristics of a third option does not affect the relative odds ... requires the odds of red and blue bus to be equal, the new probabilities must be: car 0.33, red bus 0.33, blue bus 0.33. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_of_irrelevant_alternatives
War of the Ring (SPI game)War of the Ring (SPI game)
An odds-ratio combat system is used to play out combat between armies. Players can win with their Ring-based objective from the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Ring_(SPI_game)
Magdy YounesMagdy Younes
Younes, M.; Ostrowski, M.; Soiferman, M.; Younes, H.; Younes, M.; Raneri, J.; Hanly, P. (April 1, 2015). "Odds Ratio Product of ... and Odds Ratio Product of sleep (ORP). These approaches have led to the development of several medical devices, including the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdy_Younes
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
... odds ratio= 1.93; 95% CI = 1.93 ± 0.39).[121] In addition, Wyllie et al. report a death rate of 34% within 30 days among people ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRSA
Quantitative trait locusQuantitative trait locus
The odds ratio is related to the Pearson correlation coefficient between the phenotype and the marker genotype for each ... In interval mapping, each locus is considered one at a time and the logarithm of the odds ratio (LOD score) is calculated for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenic_inheritance
Clave (rhythm)Clave (rhythm)
The structure of clave can be understood in terms of cross-rhythmic ratios, above all, three-against-two (3:2).[26] Godfried ... With] clave... the two measures are not at odds, but rather, they are balanced opposites like positive and negative, expansive ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)
Level of measurementLevel of measurement
Ratio scale[edit]. The ratio type takes its name from the fact that measurement is the estimation of the ratio between a ... despite Michell's characterization as its being quite at odds with measurement in the natural sciences (Michell, 1999). ... Cyclical ratio measurements include angles and times. Counts appear to be ratio measurements, but the scale is not arbitrary ... For instance, Mosteller and Tukey (1977), Nelder (1990)[18] described continuous counts, continuous ratios, count ratios, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_data
HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2
In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients HLA DR3-DQ2.5-C4AQ0, which was strongly associated with SLE (odds ratio [OR] 2.8 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA_A1-B8-DR3-DQ2
DownwindersDownwinders
... the lifetime odds of developing cancer for men in the U.S. population are 43 percent and the odds of dying of cancer are 23 ... For example, the FGR 13 has estimated that the ratio of thyroid cancer incidence for women as compared to men is 2.14, while ... the findings of BEIR VII suggest that women are even more vulnerable to radiation-induced thyroid cancer at a ratio of 4.76.[23 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downwinders
TranslationTranslation
... at odds. A 17th-century French critic coined the phrase "les belles infidèles" to suggest that translations, like women, can be ... the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translators
TomatoTomato
The tomato is grown worldwide for its edible fruits, with thousands of cultivars.[46] A fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 5-10-10 ... reducing the odds of the pests from attacking the correct plant.[58] These plants may also subtly affect the flavor of tomato ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/🍅
Tuberkulóza - WikipedieTuberkulóza - Wikipedie
publikovali v roce 2002 studii designovanou jako retrospektivní analýza případů a kontrol, ve které zjistili, že odds ratio je ...
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulóza
Open accessOpen access
Furthermore, the odds are stacked against researchers for whom English is a foreign language. 95% of WoS journals are English[ ... Ratios of article access types for different subjects (averaged 2009 - 2015).[5] ... A 2016 study reported that the odds of an open access journal being referenced on the English Wikipedia are 47% higher than for ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access_journal
ReproducibilityReproducibility
relative (Relative risk, Odds ratio, Hazard ratio). *other: Clinical endpoint. *Virulence. *Infectivity ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replicability
Television licensing in the United KingdomTelevision licensing in the United Kingdom
... male/female ratio is pretty much constant across the whole of the UK and is at odds with statistics for other small crimes .[ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_licensing_in_the_United_Kingdom
ProbabilityProbability
The odds on A. 1. {\displaystyle A_{1}}. to event A. 2. {\displaystyle A_{2}}. is simply the ratio of the probabilities of the ... The sixteenth century Italian polymath Gerolamo Cardano demonstrated the efficacy of defining odds as the ratio of favourable ... In probability theory and applications, Bayes' rule relates the odds of event A. 1. {\displaystyle A_{1}}. to event A. 2. {\ ... to unfavourable outcomes (which implies that the probability of an event is given by the ratio of favourable outcomes to the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic
HyperuricemiaHyperuricemia
... had odds ratios of 1.92 (95% CI: 1.18-3.10) for renal dysfunction and 2.72 (95% CI: 1.64-4.52) for hyperuricemia.[15][16] ... consumption of four or more sugar-sweetened soft drinks per day gave an odds ratio of 1.82 for hyperuricemia.[20] Increased ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperuricemia
Genetic linkageGenetic linkage
The LOD score (logarithm (base 10) of odds), developed by Newton Morton,[8] is a statistical test often used for linkage ... According to Mendelian genetics, the expected phenotypes would occur in a 9:3:3:1 ratio of PL:Pl:pL:pl. To their surprise, they ... According to Mendelian genetics, the expected phenotypes would occur in a 9:3:3:1 ratio of PL:Pl:pL:pl. To their surprise, they ... By convention, a LOD score greater than 3.0 is considered evidence for linkage, as it indicates 1000 to 1 odds that the linkage ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_linkage
Design of experimentsDesign of experiments
relative (Relative risk, Odds ratio, Hazard ratio). *other: Clinical endpoint. *Virulence. *Infectivity ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_Experiments
Julius CaesarJulius Caesar
Pompey and Crassus had been at odds for a decade, so Caesar tried to reconcile them. The three of them had enough money and ... "Caesar's Alleged Fear of Prosecution and His "Ratio Absentis" in the Approach to the Civil War". Historia: Zeitschrift für ... "Caesar's Alleged Fear of Prosecution and His "Ratio Absentis" in the Approach to the Civil War". Historia: Zeitschrift für ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar
Passaic, New JerseyPassaic, New Jersey
"Bracha 'Beatie' Deutsch is beating odds, running down the competition Since Deutsch's first marathon she has run three more, ... for a student-teacher ratio of 17.3:1.[129] ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passaic,_New_Jersey
Socialized medicineSocialized medicine
... the ratio of public to private spending on health is lower in the U.S. than that of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, or ... and at odds with the views of conservatives in other countries prepared to defend socialized medicine such as Margaret Thatcher ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialized_medicine
Evidence-based medicineEvidence-based medicine
The pre-test odds of a particular diagnosis, multiplied by the likelihood ratio, determines the post-test odds. (Odds can be ... Likelihood ratio Main article: Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing. ... The differences in likelihood ratio between clinical tests can be used to prioritize clinical tests according to their ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine
Go (game)Go (game)
For example, if a 5k plays a game with a 1k, the 5k would need a handicap of four stones to even the odds. Top-level amateur ... The board is not square; there is a 15:14 ratio in length to width, because with a perfectly square board, from the player's ... software generally lists common follow-up moves that have been played by professionals and gives statistics on win/loss ratio ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_
DiscriminationDiscrimination
Relative to men, across all source lists, women have a 2.6 greater odds of omission in Wikipedia.[63] In an educational setting ... measured comparable ratios in Belgium. They found that age discrimination is heterogeneous by the activity older candidates ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination
Blinded experimentBlinded experiment
relative (Risk ratio, Relative risk reduction, Odds ratio, Hazard ratio). *other: Clinical endpoint ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_experiment
Road traffic safetyRoad traffic safety
The odds are against it.. See Official Reports Opinions Online *^ A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. ... The average car usage in these countries is around 30km per person-day with varying number of fatalities ratios. These ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_traffic_safety
SheffieldSheffield
Their most successful moment came in 1998, when, against all the odds they defeated Wigan in the Challenge Cup final, despite ... and Sheffield is claimed to have the highest ratio of trees to people of any city in Europe.[4] ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheffield
ElectroencephalographyElectroencephalography
Signal-to-noise ratio is poor, so sophisticated data analysis and relatively large numbers of subjects are needed to extract ... While in the hospital, seizure medications are usually withdrawn to increase the odds that a seizure will occur during ... EEG technology often involves applying a gel to the scalp which facilitates strong signal-to-noise ratio. This results in more ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalogram
PrimidonePrimidone
... the immense value of anticonvulsants and the probably small odds of any one epileptic woman having a child with a congenital ... causes that share morphological characteristics-enlarged red blood cells with abnormally high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primidone
TravelTravel
Authorities emphasize the importance of taking precautions to ensure travel safety.[13] When traveling abroad, the odds favor a ... Farebox recovery ratio. *Free public transport. *Free travel pass. *Integrated ticketing. *Manual fare collection ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling
VegetarianismVegetarianism
Livio, Mario (2003) [2002]. The Golden Ratio: The Story of Phi, the World's Most Astonishing Number (First trade paperback ed ... "The gender gap: if you're a vegetarian, odds are you're a woman. Why?". Vegetarian Times (210): 74. ISSN 0164-8497. Retrieved ... A 1999 metastudy combined data from five studies from western countries.[113] The metastudy reported mortality ratios, where ... The study reported the numbers of deaths in each category, and expected error ranges for each ratio, and adjustments made to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism
When can odds ratios mislead? | The BMJWhen can odds ratios mislead? | The BMJ
... odds ratios of greater than one), the odds ratio will be no more than twice the relative risk so long as the odds ratio times ... odds ratios of about 0.1), the odds ratio is only 50% smaller than the relative risk (0.1 for the odds ratio compared with a ... odds ratio)). For studies in which the odds ratio is ,1, the multiplier minus 1 gives the discrepancy ((P1×odds ratio)−P1). ... But by how much? How do we interpret an odds ratio of, say, 0.5 or an odds ratio of 3? A lack of familiarity with odds means ...
https://www.bmj.com/content/316/7136/989
Relative risks or odds ratios? | CMAJRelative risks or odds ratios? | CMAJ
Cristian Baicus is correct in pointing out the inconsistency in terms in our article.1 We intended to refer to relative risks in all instances. The type of analysis (univariate or multivariate) would not determine the type of value generated.. Madhu K. Natarajan Rizwan Afzal Division of Cardiology Population Health Research Institute McMaster University Hamilton, Ont.. ...
https://www.cmaj.ca/content/168/12/1529.2
RE: st: Odds ratioRE: st: Odds ratio
Odds ratio The problem is that vastly different sets of numbers can give you the same odds ratio... same odds ratio, with ... RE: st: Odds ratio. From. Garth Rauscher ,[email protected],. To. ,[email protected],. Subject. RE: st: Odds ratio ... Would it hurt to give the proportions? You can actually generate those effect size numbers (d) if you report an Odds Ratio with ... Your effect size can come from the log of the odds-ratio, but the variance will be determined by the actual proportions ...
https://www.stata.com/statalist/archive/2010-04/msg00550.html
Dropbox - low cM odds ratios.pdf - Simplify your lifeDropbox - low cM odds ratios.pdf - Simplify your life
Dropbox is a free service that lets you bring your photos, docs, and videos anywhere and share them easily. Never email yourself a file again!
https://www.dropbox.com/s/g1v2cz4jvjetaz3/low_cM_odds_ratios.pdf
Odds ratios should be avoided when events are common | The BMJOdds ratios should be avoided when events are common | The BMJ
Odds ratios should be avoided when events are common BMJ 1998; 317 :1318 doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7168.1318 ... Odds ratios should be avoided when events are common. BMJ 1998; 317 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7168.1318 (Published ... Odds ratios should be.... *Odds ratios should be avoided when events are common ...
https://www.bmj.com/content/317/7168/1318.1/peer-review
Odds ratio - WikipediaOdds ratio - Wikipedia
Cohens h Cross-ratio Diagnostic odds ratio Forest plot Hazard ratio Likelihood ratio Rate ratio Szumilas, Magdalena (August ... The odds ratio is the ratio of the odds of an event occurring in one group to the odds of it occurring in another group. The ... The odds ratio is defined as the ratio of the odds of A in the presence of B and the odds of A in the absence of B, or ... Thus the odds ratio equals one if and only if X and Y are independent. The odds ratio is a function of the cell probabilities, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odds_ratio
R] Odds ratios from lrm plotR] Odds ratios from lrm plot
... produces a plot of log odds vs x2 with 0.95 confidence intervals. , How do I , get a plot of odds ratios vs x2 instead? You ... Odds ratios from lrm plot. David Winsemius dwinsemius at comcast.net Sat Nov 12 03:57:47 CET 2011 *Previous message: [R] Odds ...
https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2011-November/295381.html
Diagnostic odds ratio - WikipediaDiagnostic odds ratio - Wikipedia
The diagnostic odds ratio is defined mathematically as: Diagnostic odds ratio, DOR = T P / F N F P / T N = T P / F P F N / T N ... As an odds ratio, the logarithm of the diagnostic odds ratio is approximately normally distributed.[clarification needed] The ... We compute the confidence interval for the diagnostic odds ratio of this test as [9, 134]. The diagnostic odds ratio is ... the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) is a measure of the effectiveness of a diagnostic test. It is defined as the ratio of the odds ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnostic_odds_ratio
Analysis of biomarker data: logs, odds ratios, and receiver operating characteristic curves. - PubMed - NCBIAnalysis of biomarker data: logs, odds ratios, and receiver operating characteristic curves. - PubMed - NCBI
... odds ratios are relative to hsCRP=0.5 mg/L, the median of the lowest hsCRP quartile. Circles mark direct odds ratio estimates ... Panel C shows odds ratios estimates (bold solid line) and 95% confidence limits (lighter lines above and below) obtained in a ... Odds ratios obtained from logistic regression describe associations of biomarkers with clinical events; failure to accurately ... Analysis of biomarker data: logs, odds ratios, and receiver operating characteristic curves.. Grund B1, Sabin C. ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978390?dopt=Abstract
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Computing Power and Sample Size for Informational Odds RatioIJERPH | Free Full-Text | Computing Power and Sample Size for Informational Odds Ratio
Adjusted traditional odds ratios (TORs) are not collapsible. In contrast, Mantel-Haenszel adjusted IORs, analogous to relative ... measures the post-exposure odds divided by the pre-exposure odds (i.e., information gained after knowing exposure status). A ... desirable property of an adjusted ratio estimate is collapsibility, wherein the combined crude ratio will not change after ... The informational odds ratio (IOR) measures the post-exposure odds divided by the pre-exposure odds (i.e., information gained ...
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/10/5239
hoRatio | Percentage and Ratio Odds ConverterhoRatio | Percentage and Ratio Odds Converter
Its a really handy tool for comparing the different odds formats used in poker mathematics. ... hoRatio is a free program for converting ratio odds in to percentage odds and vice versa. ... It converts ratio odds in to percentage odds and percentage odds in to ratio odds, rather than you having to hunt down a ... Simplifies ratio odds also if you like.. Why is it called hoRatio?. Because it converts ratios in to percentages, and Horatio ...
https://www.thepokerbank.com/tools/pokerbank/horatio/
Measuring additive interaction using odds ratiosMeasuring additive interaction using odds ratios
Measures of interaction on the additive scale have been developed using risk ratios. However, in studies that use odds ratios ... Substituting odds ratios for risk ratios, when calculating measures of additive interaction, may result in misleading ... Measures of interaction on the additive scale have been developed using risk ratios. However, in studies that use odds ratios ... Yet assessing additive interaction based on replacing risk ratios by odds ratios in formulas that were derived using the former ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16620385/?dopt=Abstract
The Odds Ratio Estimates Table :: SAS/STAT(R) 13.2 Users GuideThe Odds Ratio Estimates Table :: SAS/STAT(R) 13.2 User's Guide
"Odds Ratio Estimates" table). proc glimmix; class A; model y = A x A*x / dist=binary oddsratio; run; By default, odds ratios ... odds ratio estimates. The odds ratios computed for the covariate are based on differencing this set of least squares means with ... It consists of estimates of odds ratios and their confidence limits. Odds ratios are produced for the following: * ... statement are available to obtain customized odds ratio estimates. For customized odds ratios that cannot be obtained with ...
http://support.sas.com/documentation/cdl/en/statug/67523/HTML/default/statug_glimmix_details50.htm
Odds ratio | definition of odds ratio by Medical dictionaryOdds ratio | definition of odds ratio by Medical dictionary
... odds ratio explanation free. What is odds ratio? Meaning of odds ratio medical term. What does odds ratio mean? ... Looking for online definition of odds ratio in the Medical Dictionary? ... odds ratio. Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Financial, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. odds ratio. ratio of two ... odds ratio. Epidemiology Cross-product ratio, exposure odds ratio overdispersion A measure of association in a case-control ...
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/odds+ratio
R] Getting Odds ratios for tree branches-CART modelR] Getting Odds ratios for tree branches-CART model
... jestinah mahachie jmahachie at gmail.com Thu Dec 4 10:56:32 CET 2008 * ... Next message: [R] Getting Odds ratios for tree branches-CART model * Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ ... Next message: [R] Getting Odds ratios for tree branches-CART model * Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ ...
https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2008-December/181635.html
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20033772 - Comparing odds ratios measuring improvement or deterioration across repeated...NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20033772 - Comparing odds ratios measuring improvement or deterioration across repeated...
Unbiased estimating equations are used to estimate and compare the odds ratios representing the odds of heightened anxiety ... Unbiased estimating equations are used to estimate and compare the odds ratios representing the odds of heightened anxiety ... Comparing odds ratios measuring improvement or deterioration across repeated exposure or treatment sessions.. ...
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20033772.html
odds ratio - Math Help Forumodds ratio - Math Help Forum
Math Help Forum is a free math help forum for Calculus, Algebra, LaTeX, Geometry, Trigonometry, Statistics and Probability, Differential Equations, Discrete Math
http://mathhelpforum.com/tags/odds%20ratio/
Down with odds ratios! | BMJ Evidence-Based MedicineDown with odds ratios! | BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
https://ebm.bmj.com/content/1/6/164.share
Interpretation of Genetic Association Studies: Markers with Replicated Highly Significant Odds Ratios May Be Poor ClassifiersInterpretation of Genetic Association Studies: Markers with Replicated Highly Significant Odds Ratios May Be Poor Classifiers
Finally, in Crohns disease, a model of five SNPs, one with a quite low odds ratio of 0.26, has an AUC of only 0.66. Our ... By using an additive model of the CFH, LOC387715, and C2 variants, the odds ratios are 2.9, 3.4, and 0.4, with p-values of 10− ...
https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000337
Odds Ratio and Attributable Risk (Retrospective) - StatsDirectOdds Ratio and Attributable Risk (Retrospective) - StatsDirect
In epidemiological terms, the odds ratio is used as a point estimate of the relative risk in retrospective studies. Odds ratio ... The odds ratio ((a/c)/(b/d)) looks at the likelihood of an outcome in relation to a characteristic factor. ... Population attributable risk is presented as a percentage with a confidence interval when the odds ratio is greater than or ... A confidence interval (CI) for the odds ratio is calculated using an exact conditional likelihood method (Martin and Austin, ...
https://www.statsdirect.com/help/miscellaneous/risk_retrospective.htm
Measuring association using odds ratios | R-bloggersMeasuring association using odds ratios | R-bloggers
An important practical issue in interpreting odds ratios is that of how much smaller or larger than 1 the computed odds ratio ... Applying these transformation results to the odds ratio for Bruises yields a new odds ratio of 0.100, with a 95% confidence ... is coded as 0 changes the odds ratio from 0.059 to 1/0.059 = 17.857. Since this number is larger than the odds ratio of 9.972 ... that the log of the odds ratio approaches normality faster than the odds ratio itself does, so this approach yields more ...
https://www.r-bloggers.com/measuring-association-using-odds-ratios/
Computing Odds Ratios in R | R-bloggersComputing Odds Ratios in R | R-bloggers
I discussed the use of odds ratios to characterize the association between edibility and binary mushroom characteristics for ... Computing Odds Ratios in R. Posted on May 7, 2011 by Ron Pearson (aka TheNoodleDoodler) in R bloggers, Uncategorized , 0 ... As a reminder, I discuss the odds ratio in Chapter 13 of Exploring Data in Engineering, the Sciences, and Medicine. , which may ... Finally, I noted in my last post that if we are interested in using odds ratios to compare or rank associations, it is useful ...
https://www.r-bloggers.com/2011/05/computing-odds-ratios-in-r/
Odds ratios of work related deaths in United States workers. | Occupational & Environmental MedicineOdds ratios of work related deaths in United States workers. | Occupational & Environmental Medicine
Odds ratios for non-whites versus whites are roughly 1.2/1; for high school dropouts versus people with some college education ...
https://oem.bmj.com/content/45/3/158
Relative Risk Ratio and Odds Ratio - Statistics.comRelative Risk Ratio and Odds Ratio - Statistics.com
The Relative Risk Ratio and Odds Ratio are both used to measure the medical effect of a treatment to which people are exposed. ... The risk or odds ratio is the risk or odds in the exposed group divided by the risk or odds in the control group. A risk or ... The Relative Risk Ratio and Odds Ratio are both used to measure the medical effect of a treatment or variable to which people ... Home » Blog » Blog Type » Word of the Week » Relative Risk Ratio and Odds Ratio. ...
https://www.statistics.com/relative-risk-ratio-and-odds-ratio/
Association between suicidal ideation and suicide: meta-analyses of odds ratios, sensitivity, specificity and positive...Association between suicidal ideation and suicide: meta-analyses of odds ratios, sensitivity, specificity and positive...
... meta-analyses of odds ratios, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value - Volume 5 Issue 2 - Catherine M. McHugh, ... To assess the strength of the association between suicidal ideation and later suicide measured by odds ratio (OR), sensitivity ... Association between suicidal ideation and suicide: meta-analyses of odds ratios, sensitivity, specificity and positive ... Association between suicidal ideation and suicide: meta-analyses of odds ratios, sensitivity, specificity and positive ...
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-open/article/association-between-suicidal-ideation-and-suicide-metaanalyses-of-odds-ratios-sensitivity-specificity-and-positive-predictive-value/D8A8A76A4AC052EEAF34E7EF44E20013
Risk Factors for Early-onset Group B Streptococcal Sepsis: Estimation of Odds Ratios by Critical Literature Review | American...Risk Factors for Early-onset Group B Streptococcal Sepsis: Estimation of Odds Ratios by Critical Literature Review | American...
Risk Factors for Early-onset Group B Streptococcal Sepsis: Estimation of Odds Ratios by Critical Literature Review. William E. ... Risk Factors for Early-onset Group B Streptococcal Sepsis: Estimation of Odds Ratios by Critical Literature Review ... Risk Factors for Early-onset Group B Streptococcal Sepsis: Estimation of Odds Ratios by Critical Literature Review ... Risk Factors for Early-onset Group B Streptococcal Sepsis: Estimation of Odds Ratios by Critical Literature Review ...
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/103/6/e77?ijkey=f8261111d0e492e629861330f57e15d018f19aa3&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Odds Ratio - Statistics.com: Data Science, Analytics & Statistics CoursesOdds Ratio - Statistics.com: Data Science, Analytics & Statistics Courses
If P1 and P2 are equal, the odds ratio is equal to 1. ... Odds Ratio:. The odds ratio compares two probabilities (or ... CI and tests for relative risk and odds ratio, and an introduction to survival analysis. ...
https://www.statistics.com/glossary/odds-ratio/
Odds ratio - LesswrongwikiOdds ratio - Lesswrongwiki
one simply multiplies the prior odds ratio by the likelihood ratio . Odds ratios are commonly written as the ratio of two ... The prior odds of the box containing a diamond are 1:19. The likelihood ratio of a beep is 1/2:1/4 = 2:1. The posterior odds ... Odds ratios are an alternate way of expressing probabilities, which simplifies the process of updating them with new evidence. ... For example, if P(A) = 2/3, the odds ratio would be 2, but this would most likely be written as 2:1. ...
https://wiki.lesswrong.com/index.php?title=Odds_ratio&
D Table of Odds Ratios | The Best Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families | The National...D Table of Odds Ratios | The Best Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families | The National...
Read chapter D Table of Odds Ratios: Experts estimate that nearly 60 percent of all U.S. pregnancies-and 81 percent of ... The OR (odds ratio) is the odds of adverse outcome among exposed persons relative to the odds among unexposed persons. ... The OR (odds ratio) is the odds of adverse outcome among exposed persons relative to the odds among unexposed persons. ... The OR (odds ratio) is the odds of adverse outcome among exposed persons relative to the odds among unexposed persons. ...
https://www.nap.edu/read/4903/chapter/16
ProbabilityProbabilitiesOutcomeHazard ratiosCoefficientsVersusBinaryPlot of odds ratiosEstimates of odds ratiosRegressionLogitBayesAppealing to the asyConvertTerms of oddsComputeRiskCalculate the oddsProportional odds ratioPLoS GeneticsContinuousPredictorsLikelihoodPredictorSimplifiesConfounderStatisticComputationPercentageCalculatesExposure odds ratioStatisticalIntervalsCohortConfidence limitsCurvesOutcomesComputesConditional oddsTrickyQuestions taggedQuartilesContingency tablesFormulaMarginalPrevalence ratioDataAlleleInference
Probability23
  • a method of expressing probability, e.g. at odds of 3 to 2 this can be converted to conventional terminology by using each number as the numerator and the sum of them as the denominator, i.e. 3/5, 2/5 or 60% or 40% or 0.6, 0.4. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • While the general public's literacy rate with probability (risk) is not super high, its familiarity with odds is even more tenuous. (statistics.com)
  • With a probability of 1/100 of having the disease, the odds ratio is 1 : 99. (cornell.edu)
  • But once you've been through the probability arguments, I think the odds ratios are a great way to think about these sorts of problems. (cornell.edu)
  • Convert A to B odds for winning or losing to probability percentage values for both winning and losing. (bookofranovoline.net)
  • The probability estimates, betting odds and Kelly staking plan explained. (fussballgames.eu)
  • The probability reflected by the odds is known as the implied probability. (fussballgames.eu)
  • The odds of success are defined as the ratio of the probability of success over the probability of failure. (ucla.edu)
  • If the probability of success is .5, i.e., 50-50 percent chance, then the odds of success is 1 to 1. (ucla.edu)
  • The transformation from probability to odds is a monotonic transformation, meaning the odds increase as the probability increases or vice versa. (ucla.edu)
  • Below is a table of the transformation from probability to odds and we have also plotted for the range of p less than or equal to .9. (ucla.edu)
  • The table below shows the relationship among the probability, odds and log of odds. (ucla.edu)
  • Why do we take all the trouble doing the transformation from probability to log odds? (ucla.edu)
  • It maps probability ranging between 0 and 1 to log odds ranging from negative infinity to positive infinity. (ucla.edu)
  • The diagnostic odds ratio is a single indicator of how informative a diagnostic test is that is independent of the prevalence or pre-test probability of the target condition of interest (unlike diagnostic accuracy ). (getitglossary.org)
  • The plot shows the confidence intervals on the probability of row2 for fixed odds ratio and specified probability for row1. (rdocumentation.org)
  • The odds from recovering from the drug in the experimental group = probability of recovering ÷ probability of not recovering = 600 ÷ (1000 - 600) = 3/2. (fullybooked.club)
  • Relative risk is a ratio of the probability of the event occurring in the exposed group versus the control (non-exposed) group. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • Odds Ratio, Hazard Ratio and Relative Risk 61 Since we already In statistics and epidemiology, relative risk or risk ratio (RR) is the ratio of the probability of an event occurring (for example, developing a disease, being injured) in an exposed group to the probability of the event occurring in a comparison, non-exposed group. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • Relative risk is a ratio of the probability of the event occurring in the exposed group versus a non (Population) Attributable risk Confidence interval Odds ratio Hazard ratio Number needed to treat (NNT) Number needed to harm (NNH) OpenEpi EpiInfo. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • Also, we are relating 3 things, namely the probability of survival of women , the probability of survival of men and their relative odds OR of survival. (geogebra.org)
  • 2016-12-19в в· model used in logistic regression as well as logistic regression on sas enterprise miner regression probability, odds, and odds ratio, advanced analytics with enterprise guide generalized linear models such as logistic regression and poisson and odds ratios based on profile. (greenappleventures.com)
  • read probability) ratio is simply the ratio of the probability of a.Converting Sports Betting Odds. (muscle-fitness.ga)
Probabilities10
  • My impression is that, although it is true that predicted probabilities might be easier to understand, odds ratios have been used extensively in research when we interpret results from logit models. (stata.com)
  • Often, the parameter of greatest interest is actually the RR, which is the ratio of the probabilities analogous to the odds used in the OR. (wikipedia.org)
  • One other area where we deal with odds, rather than probabilities, where the latter would seem more natural, is logistic regression. (statistics.com)
  • However, after the model is fit, it is possible to convert from odds to probabilities. (statistics.com)
  • Odds ratios are an alternate way of expressing probabilities, which simplifies the process of updating them with new evidence. (lesswrong.com)
  • Fortunately, Bayes' theorem has a very intuitive formulation, not in terms of probabilities but in terms of odds ratios. (cornell.edu)
  • Clearing the denominators reveals that we've just multiplied by an odds ratio of 9, which is the ratio of the two probabilities of getting a positive test result (9/10 in one case, 1/10 in the other). (cornell.edu)
  • Whether consciously or subconsciously, your own assessments of the probabilities will be guided by what the odds suggest. (fussballgames.eu)
  • In clinical studies and many other settings, the parameter of greatest interest is often actually the RR, which is determined in a way that is similar to the one just described for the OR, except using probabilities instead of odds. (operativeneurosurgery.com)
  • Furthermore, we provide code for converting ORs into other measures of test performance like predictive values, post-test probabilities, and likelihood ratios, under mild conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Outcome25
  • Unfortunately, there is a recognised problem that odds ratios do not approximate well to the relative risk when the initial risk (that is, the prevalence of the outcome of interest) is high. (bmj.com)
  • For example: "The odds ratio is approximately the same as the relative risk if the outcome of interest is rare. (bmj.com)
  • Epidemiology Cross-product ratio, exposure odds ratio overdispersion A measure of association in a case-control study which quantifies the relationship between an exposure and health outcome from a comparative study. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Diagnostic odds ratios less than one indicate that the test can be improved by simply inverting the outcome of the test - the test is in the wrong direction, while a diagnostic odds ratio of exactly one means that the test is equally likely to predict a positive outcome whatever the true condition - the test gives no information. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this paper, we evaluate the extent to which three measures of additive interaction - the interaction contrast ratio (ICR), the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and the synergy index (S), estimated using odds ratios versus using risk ratios differ as the incidence of the outcome of interest increases in the source population and/or as the magnitude of interaction increases. (nih.gov)
  • The odds ratio ((a/c)/(b/d)) looks at the likelihood of an outcome in relation to a characteristic factor. (statsdirect.com)
  • Odds is the number having the outcome divided by the number not having the outcome. (statistics.com)
  • The more frequent the outcome, the more the odds ratio overestimates the risk ratio when it is more than 1 or underestimates it when it is less than 1. (nih.gov)
  • An odds ratio is an estimate of the relative risk, that is, the risk of a poor outcome among the "exposed" group (unintended conception) relative to the risk of a poor outcome among the "unexposed" group (intended conceptions). (nap.edu)
  • It's particularly difficult when the outcome is reported in units like standard deviations, but reporting hazard ratios and odds ratios can be confusing as well, especially for those who only occasionally write about medical studies. (healthjournalism.org)
  • OR above 1 then there is a greater relative odds of outcome, below 1, lower relative odds of outcome - yup! (talkstats.com)
  • An odds ratio (OR) is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. (wordpress.com)
  • The OR represents the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure. (wordpress.com)
  • Odds ratios are used to compare the relative odds of the occurrence of the outcome of interest (e.g. disease or disorder), given exposure to the variable of interest (e.g. health characteristic, the aspect of medical history). (wordpress.com)
  • The odds ratio can also be used to determine whether a particular exposure is a risk factor for a particular outcome and to compare the magnitude of various risk factors for that outcome. (wordpress.com)
  • Well because we are taught to use a logistic regression for a binary outcome then we might answer yes, as the odds ratio for X changes from 2.25 to 2.66 when we adjust for Z. (frankpopham.co.uk)
  • It can calculate the odds of a health outcome given exposure versus non-exposure to a substance or event (2). (comunidadwindows.org)
  • If the effect estimate had been risk ratio, this would be true but in this example, because the outcome was so common(about 30%), the odds ratio value is much greater than the actual risk. (wordpress.com)
  • The forest plot, shown below, has the line of no effect marked as 1, as the outcome variables are binary such as odds ratio. (projectguru.in)
  • A couple weeks ago, I introduced the concept of the odds ratio , the odds of one outcome relative to another. (deeplytrivial.com)
  • Odds ratios are often used to present and understand dichotomous outcome data, and researchers using logistic regression - which like linear regression , uses one or more variables to predict an outcome, but unlike linear regression, predicts a dichotomous (not continuous) outcome - will often present results in terms of odds ratios. (deeplytrivial.com)
  • And odds ratios are used a lot in news stories because they're a bit easier for us to understand: e.g., people who do X are twice as likely to have this outcome than people who do Z. We're naive statisticians, with a rudimentary understanding of gambling, so we have some understanding of odds. (deeplytrivial.com)
  • Because something with 50/50 odds will have an odds ratio of 1.0, a more likely outcome A will be greater than 1 and a less likely outcome A will be the inverse, a fraction between 0 and 1. (deeplytrivial.com)
  • But what if you're working with a bunch of odds ratios around an outcome and you know that some will be greater than 1.0 and some will be less than 1.0? (deeplytrivial.com)
  • A logistic regression may have multiple predictors, some of which will have a negative coefficient, meaning a less likely outcome A. And if you wanted to do a meta-analysis on something with a binary outcome, your effect size will be odds ratio. (deeplytrivial.com)
Hazard ratios6
  • 2) Make sure the results are reported in one of the following units: hazard ratios, odds ratios, relative risk (including risk ratio and rate ratio) or percentage change. (healthjournalism.org)
  • Risk Ratio Confidence Interval Standard Errors The odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs), incidence-rate ratios (IRRs), and relative-risk ratios (RRRs) are all just univariate transformations of the estimated betas for the logistic, survival, and multinomial Confidence Interval Crosses 1 Specifically, the OR measures the ratio of the odds that an event or result will occur to the odds of the event not happening. (comunidadwindows.org)
  • Some studies use relative risks (RRs) to describe results others use odds ratios (ORs).Barnett, M. Tags: critical appraisal, epidemiology, evidence, hazard ratio, hazard ratios, interpreting, patients, research An expense ratio is what each investor pays into a Statistics. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • Tutorial about Hazard Ratios - Students 4 Best Evidence - Hazard Ratios vs. Risk Ratios (or Relative Risk) Hazard ratio is frequently interpreted Open-ended vs. Close-ended Questions in Web Questionnaires 161 may abandon the questionnaire. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • Kaplan-Meier Curves, Hazard Ratios Composite Open-ended vs. Close-ended Questions in Web Questionnaires 161 may abandon the questionnaire.relative risk, odds ratio, attributable risk. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • Odds Ratio, Hazard Ratio and Relative Risk 61 Since we already have relative risk, why would we want to calculate the odds ratio?Can hazard ratios be used instead of risk ratios in population with OR vs HR varies with the Odds Ratio versus Relative Risk. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
Coefficients4
  • There is a direct relationship between the coefficients and the odds ratios. (ucla.edu)
  • This means that the coefficients in logistic regression are in terms of the log odds, that is, the coefficient 1.695 implies that a one unit change in gender results in a 1.695 unit change in the log of the odds. (ucla.edu)
  • 3,25,26 For example, geeglm() function in library (geepack DQGVSHFLI Ordinal Logistic Regression Models and Statistical Software: example to illustrate the One way to interpret the coefficients is via a proportional odds ratio. (isellmx.com)
  • Since the coefficients are returned in log odds, exponentiating converts them to odds. (pjs-web.de)
Versus3
  • I am wondering about the use of odds ratio (OR) versus the Beta-coefficient of each SNP variant in a risk score model. (biostars.org)
  • Is there any difference in using the odds ratio versus the Beta-coefficient in a risk score model? (biostars.org)
  • Pair-Matched Case -Control Table and the McNemar test and the Pair-Matched Odds Ratio to evaluate whether an association It looks like there are no examples One relative risk versus two odds ratios: implications for meta-analyses involving paired and unpaired binary data. (mastersgfp.org)
Binary13
  • In medical testing with binary classification, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) is a measure of the effectiveness of a diagnostic test. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sensitivity and specificity Binary classification Positive predictive value and negative predictive value Odds ratio Glas, Afina S. (wikipedia.org)
  • This second approach can be applied to categorical predictors having any number of levels, but in the case of a binary (i.e., two-level) predictor, an attractive alternative is to measure their association with odds ratios. (r-bloggers.com)
  • The odds ratio may be viewed as an association measure between binary variables, and it is defined as follows. (r-bloggers.com)
  • For simplicity, suppose x and y are two binary variables of interest and assume that they are coded so that they each take the values 0 or 1 - this assumption is easily relaxed, as discussed below, but it simplifies the basic description of the odds ratio. (r-bloggers.com)
  • Further, if x and y are two statistically independent binary random variables, it can be shown that the odds ratio is equal to 1. (r-bloggers.com)
  • In my last post, I discussed the use of odds ratios to characterize the association between edibility and binary mushroom characteristics for the mushrooms characterized in the UCI mushroom dataset . (r-bloggers.com)
  • As analogies of the intraclass and interclass correlations of a normally distributed trait, we study intraclass and interclass (log) odds ratios for a binary trait. (ubc.ca)
  • We propose non-parametric estimators of the odds ratios and derive the asymptotic variances of the estimators under the assumptions of exchangeability and closure of multivariate binary distributions under marginals. (ubc.ca)
  • Analyze matched case helps you use the McNemar's test calculator that is part In this example, the odds ratio for the association between risk, Abstract Binary as well as polytomous logistic models have been found useful for estimating odds ratios when the under matched pair example is presented and. (mastersgfp.org)
  • Learn Calculation of matched pairs odds ratio ignores ____ pairs because they do not This measure is an example of Paired and Matched Binary Data odds ratio .8028169 .5564015 1.153877 (exact) NOTE 17. (mastersgfp.org)
  • Paired and Matched Binary Data odds ratio .8028169 .5564015 1.153877 (exact) NOTE 17. (mastersgfp.org)
  • As noted on paragraph 18.4.1 of the book Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, logistic regression is widely used for binary data, with the estimates reported as odds The odds ratio is 3.68 we must address the overdispersion and then fit the overdispersed logistic regression model. (isellmx.com)
Plot of odds ratios3
  • get a plot of odds ratios vs x2 instead? (ethz.ch)
  • Forest plot of odds ratios of using 'poor' menstrual absorbent vs. 'good' menstrual absorbents in those with confirmed bacterial vaginosis. (figshare.com)
  • plot of odds ratios for additive. (greenappleventures.com)
Estimates of odds ratios2
  • It consists of estimates of odds ratios and their confidence limits. (sas.com)
  • We again reconsider the previous examples and produce estimates of odds ratios and compare these to our estimates of risk differences and relative risks. (mastersgfp.org)
Regression22
  • In my discipline (epidemiology) we have relied heavily on odds ratios simply out of habit and convenience (logistic regression) when our interest is almost never in the OR itself, but rather in the risk or prevalence ratio or difference. (stata.com)
  • Because of past help I have received on this list I have learned how to convert model-based predictions from logistic regression into risk ratios or differences using marginal standardization with bootstrapped confidence intervals. (stata.com)
  • However, logistic regression is designed to estimate log-odds ratios. (stata.com)
  • I have a question regarding a reviewer's comment on my use of odds ratio in interpreting the results of a logistic regression, and would appreciate it very much if you can provide any insight or any references for responding to the comment. (stata.com)
  • 10%), the adjusted odds ratio derived from the logistic regression can no longer approximate the risk ratio. (nih.gov)
  • Yes, odds ratios are analogous to 'effect size' and can be interpreted in the same way for logistic regression and for 2x2 tables. (talkstats.com)
  • I believe they're computed the same way in both logistic regression and contingency tables - they're simply the ratio of two odds. (talkstats.com)
  • Browse other questions tagged regression logistic odds-ratio or ask your own question . (stackexchange.com)
  • How do I interpret the odds ratio of an interaction term in Conditional Logistic Regression? (stackexchange.com)
  • In other words, the exponential function of the regression coefficient ( e b1 ) is the odds ratio associated with a one-unit increase in the exposure. (wordpress.com)
  • FAQ: How do I interpret odds ratios in logistic regression? (ucla.edu)
  • In this page, we will walk through the concept of odds ratio and try to interpret the logistic regression results using the concept of odds ratio in a couple of examples. (ucla.edu)
  • Exact Logistic Regression for a Matched Pairs a Matched Pairs case-Control Design with Polytomous in estimating odds ratios under matched pairs case, It only deals with the case of a matched pair: For this example, the odds ratio is computed as 21/4 = 5.25. (mastersgfp.org)
  • When averaging two odds ratios (sort of what the adjusted regression is doing), their average will not usually be the unadjusted odds ratio even in the absence of confounding. (frankpopham.co.uk)
  • I can derive the the marginal odds ratio, the risk difference and the relative risk from the adjusted logistic regression even though the model results are conditional odds. (frankpopham.co.uk)
  • Generalized Linear Models to work with generalized linear models in R. We see that the odds ratio corresponding to income is 1.070, The odds can vary on a scale of 2 Basic R logistic regression models We will illustrate with the Cedegren dataset on the website. (isellmx.com)
  • Odds Ratios (ORs) Allele Counting r 1 A + 1 B + 1 C + 1 D Lower limit of 95% CI LHON Example: Con dence Intervals for Odds Ratios (ORs) rs6767450 Cases Controls Cluster vs. Robust Estimation of Risk Ratio using Expanded Logistic Regression. (isellmx.com)
  • R: Calculate and interpret odds ratio in logistic regression. (isellmx.com)
  • stepwise logistic regression and in the displayed output of proc logistic, the "odds ratio estimates" table contains the odds ratio. (greenappleventures.com)
  • Using logistic regression to predict defined discretization along with the odds ratio of default and the log logistic regression to predict credit default. (greenappleventures.com)
  • xtitle("odds ratio") how to plot ors and ci - results of a logistic regression. (greenappleventures.com)
  • Logistic regression analysis using default the coeп¬ѓcients of the independent variables measured in logged odds, logistic presents the coeп¬ѓcients in odds ratios. (greenappleventures.com)
Logit3
  • So let's define the logit function as the log of the odds. (coursera.org)
  • P1 minus logit P2, that's the log odds ratio for P1 to P2. (coursera.org)
  • Wald statistics: The squared ratio of the unstandardized logit coefficient to its standard error . (wikiversity.org)
Bayes1
  • The odds ratio form of Bayes' rule is one way mathematicians can give back to doctors. (cornell.edu)
Appealing to the asy1
  • Similarly, confidence intervals for the odds ratio are easily constructed by appealing to the asymptotic normality of log OR, which has a limiting variance given by the square root of the sum of the reciprocals of these four numbers. (r-bloggers.com)
Convert5
  • So unless you are familiar with odds or it wasn't too long ago that you were in a math class, it's not always easy to convert ratios to percentages and vice versa in your head. (thepokerbank.com)
  • As long as the two numbers in the ratio are separated by a colon ':' or the word 'to', hoRatio will be able to convert it in to a percentage for you. (thepokerbank.com)
  • On this page you'll be able to convert sports betting odds across the three different formats, or convert chance of winning percentages to each of the different formats, hassle-free and in a flash. (bookofranovoline.net)
  • After entering the numbers, click "Calculate" to convert the odds ratio to NNT. (knowledgetranslation.net)
  • Now you can analyze those values and, if you want to present summary statistics as odds ratios instead of log odds ratios, you can just convert them back. (deeplytrivial.com)
Terms of odds1
  • The reviewer commented that all results are expressed in terms of odds ratios which makes it very difficult to assess the magnitude of the effect. (stata.com)
Compute7
  • The most informative thing to compute would be the risk ratio, RR. (wikipedia.org)
  • We compute the confidence interval for the diagnostic odds ratio of this test as [9, 134]. (wikipedia.org)
  • As reported elsewhere , you can compute the standard error of the proportion as square root of the product of P * (1 - P) / N, where P is the ratio of patients with events/all patients, and N is the sample size (ie all patients). (stackexchange.com)
  • I am not aware of any formula to compute the standard error of an odds, but it is reasonable you could find one. (stackexchange.com)
  • For a given individual that has "B" compute the odds that the same individual has "A" For a given individual that does not have "B" compute the odds that the same individual has "A" Divide the odds from step 1 by the odds from step 2 to obtain the odds ratio (OR). (operativeneurosurgery.com)
  • Next, we will add another variable to the equation so that we can compute and odds ratio. (ucla.edu)
  • In SPSS, the syntax is very similar to Excel: COMPUTE log_oddsratio = LN(oddratio). (deeplytrivial.com)
Risk59
  • Odds ratios are hard to comprehend directly and are usually interpreted as being equivalent to the relative risk. (bmj.com)
  • However, serious divergence between the odds ratio and the relative risk occurs only with large effects on groups at high initial risk. (bmj.com)
  • This short note quantifies the discrepancy between odds ratios and relative risks in different circumstances, and assesses whether such a discrepancy may seriously mislead if an odds ratio is used as an estimate of the relative risk. (bmj.com)
  • A second problem with odds is that, although they are related to risk, the relation is not straightforward. (bmj.com)
  • For risks of less than about 20% the odds are not greatly dissimilar to the risk, but as the risk climbs above 50% the odds start to look very different. (bmj.com)
  • The relative risk of one group compared with another is simply the ratio of the risks in the two groups. (bmj.com)
  • table, the column 1 relative risk is the ratio of the column 1 risks for row 1 to row 2. (sas.com)
  • PROC SURVEYFREQ constructs confidence limits for the relative risk by using the log transform, which is similar to the odds ratio computations described previously. (sas.com)
  • ratio of two odds, but as used in the analysis of data from a case control study, a simple calculation, also called the cross-products ratio, which yields an approximate value for the relative risk of the exposure that has been examined in a case control study. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • If the condition being studied is rare, the odds ratio is a close approximation to the relative risk. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • See odds ratio and relative risk ratio (below). (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Note that the odds ratio is symmetric in the two events, and there is no causal direction implied (correlation does not imply causation): a positive OR does not establish that B causes A, or that A causes B. Two similar statistics that are often used to quantify associations are the risk ratio (RR) and the absolute risk reduction (ARR). (wikipedia.org)
  • but then D E / ( D E + H E ) ≈ D E / H E , {\displaystyle D_{E}/(D_{E}+H_{E})\approx D_{E}/H_{E},} in other words, for the exposed population, the risk of developing the disease is approximately equal to the odds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Measures of interaction on the additive scale have been developed using risk ratios. (nih.gov)
  • However, in studies that use odds ratios as the sole measure of effect, the calculation of these measures of additive interaction is usually performed by directly substituting odds ratios for risk ratios. (nih.gov)
  • Yet assessing additive interaction based on replacing risk ratios by odds ratios in formulas that were derived using the former may be erroneous. (nih.gov)
  • Substituting odds ratios for risk ratios, when calculating measures of additive interaction, may result in misleading conclusions. (nih.gov)
  • This function calculates odds ratios and population attributable risk with confidence intervals. (statsdirect.com)
  • In epidemiological terms, the odds ratio is used as a point estimate of the relative risk in retrospective studies. (statsdirect.com)
  • Population attributable risk is presented as a percentage with a confidence interval when the odds ratio is greater than or equal to one ( Sahai and Kurshid, 1996 ). (statsdirect.com)
  • The Relative Risk Ratio and Odds Ratio are both used to measure the medical effect of a treatment or variable to which people are exposed. (statistics.com)
  • The risk or odds ratio is the risk or odds in the exposed group divided by the risk or odds in the control group. (statistics.com)
  • A risk or odds ratio = 1 indicates no difference between the groups. (statistics.com)
  • This obviously presents a problem for DTC companies because they must use odds ratio estimates to predict disease risk without considering the environment in which customers reside. (genomesunzipped.org)
  • This course will teach you clinical trial designs including randomized controlled trials, ROC curves, CI and tests for relative risk and odds ratio, and an introduction to survival analysis. (statistics.com)
  • We propose a simple method to approximate a risk ratio from the adjusted odds ratio and derive an estimate of an association or treatment effect that better represents the true relative risk. (nih.gov)
  • Use of the prevalence ratio v the prevalence odds ratio as a measure of risk in cross sectional studies. (bmj.com)
  • The finding in relative risk, hazard ratio, percentage change or odds ratio. (healthjournalism.org)
  • Polygenic Risk Scores: Odds ratio or Beta-coefficient? (biostars.org)
  • around the odds or risk ratio being the total number of matched pairs in the study. (mastersgfp.org)
  • Greater precision produces a smaller odds ratio The matched pairs design in the The estimator of the risk ratio from the matched pairs matched pair odds ratio based the risk ratio associated with exposure. (mastersgfp.org)
  • That is a difference of 0.2, a relative risk of 1.53, and an odds ratio of 2.25. (frankpopham.co.uk)
  • So that's a difference of 0.4-0.2, a relative risk of 0.4 / 0.2 and an odds ratio of (0.4 / (1-0.4) / ) / (0.2 / (1-0.2)).That is 0.2, 2, and 2.66. (frankpopham.co.uk)
  • We get average adjusted effects, difference = 0.2, relative risk = 1.53, and odds ratio = 2.66. (frankpopham.co.uk)
  • We can work out the marginal difference, relative risk and odds ratio as before. (frankpopham.co.uk)
  • Relative risk is a statistical term used to describe the chances of a We can calculate relative risk using our example: How do I calculate an odds ratio? (isellmx.com)
  • Statistical Issues in Estimation of Adjusted Risk Ratio in from odds ratios. (isellmx.com)
  • Mar 12, 2019 · Smoking - The risk related to 'any smoking' in pregnancy carries an odds ratio of 1.23, which increased to 1.32 when evaluating the pregnancy in which miscarriage occurred. (theveganapprentice.com)
  • In general, people with alcohol consumption had an increased risk of GERD (odds ratio [OR], 1.48) when. (theveganapprentice.com)
  • The odds differ from the absolute risk, in that the former uses the number of subject who have an event divided by the number that do not, whereas the latter uses the number of subjects who have an event divided by the total subjects in the group. (robertbarrington.net)
  • In most cases, the odds ratio and the relative risk will give a similar value and can in most cases be considered as interchangeable. (robertbarrington.net)
  • For example, if the treatment and control groups have the same number of events (i.e. the treatment effect is small), the odds ratio and relative risk will both be the same (1). (robertbarrington.net)
  • In contrast, as the treatment effect increases, the odds ratio and relative risk will diverge. (robertbarrington.net)
  • Odds ratio.Hazard ratio is frequently interpreted as risk ratio (or relative risk), but they are not technically the same. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • The odds ratio is always further away from 1 than the relative risk, but they are more similar when the baseline risk is small. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • Odds Ratio, Hazard Ratio and Relative Risk - Odds Ratio, Hazard Ratio and Relative Risk 61 Since we already have relative risk, why wouldYouTube. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • what are the difference between odds ratio and relative risk? (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • Odds ratios are also commonly used in epidemiological studies to describe the likely harm an exposure might cause Bandolier therefore turned to Jon Deeks, PDF Prevalence odds ratio versusconvert hazard ratio to relative risk. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • Odds ratio (OR) is a statistic commonly encountered in professional or scientific medical literature.Posted in UncategorizedTagged odds ratio vs relative risk usmle, relationship between odds ratio and relative risk, relative risk and Statistical ratios. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • So if the relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) is 1.0, the two groups have the same chance of having whatever the study is measuring, be it an heart attack or stroke or death or whatever.Help with difference between odds ratio and relative risk (example included)? (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • 1. Odds Ratio It is defined as the ratio of the odds of an event occurring in one group to the odds of it occurring in another group or to a Relative risk, odds ratio, attributable risk and number needed to treat.RATE, RISK, HAZARD, AND ODDS Depending upon the focus, different indices are used to assess disease occurrence in a group of subjects. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • So, given a rare condition, the Odds Ratio approximates the Relative Risk (or Risk Ratio). (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • hazard ratio vs relative risk reduction.are hazard ratio and relative risk the same thing. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • where D is having aRelative risk includes two important features: (i) a comparison of 19 Mar 2011 Odds Ratio Vs Relative Risk. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • La plupart des commentaires des acheteurs disent que le Hazard Ratio Vs Relative Risk Vs Odds Ratio sont excellent produit. (automarket-mongolia.tk)
  • In comparison with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and nucleoside backbone (odds ratio 1.0), the risk of a DDI was much lower with dolutegravir or raltegravir and nucleoside backbone (odds ratio 0.02), but higher with a boosted antiretroviral and nucleoside backbone (odds ratio 4.12). (aidsmap.com)
  • Illustration of the distortion between the odds ratio and the risk ratio (RR). (muscle-fitness.ga)
  • How do we set the odds on Inter not losing at home again or Wigan sneaking victory over title-chasing Arsenal.Horse betting odds function, essentially, as a reward-to-risk ratio.Particularly in the world of gambling, odds are sometimes. (muscle-fitness.ga)
  • This includes the odds ratio, relative risk and risk difference. (coursera.org)
Calculate the odds2
  • Odds Calculator You can calculate the odds of the bet you wish to take and work out how much the bet would return if it was a winner by using our simple bet calculator. (bookofranovoline.net)
  • you have to learn how to calculate the odds ratio. (muscle-fitness.ga)
Proportional odds ratio1
  • We propose a model, the proportional odds ratio (POR) model, which makes no assumptions about the shape of OR p , a baseline function capturing the way OR changes across papers. (biomedcentral.com)
PLoS Genetics1
  • Somewhat reassuringly, a recent study published in PLoS Genetics showed that odds ratios at 19 Type II diabetes associated SNPs were consistent across European Americans, African Americans, Latinos, Japanese Americans, and Native Hawaiians. (genomesunzipped.org)
Continuous2
  • Consider the following PROC GLIMMIX statements that fit a logistic model with one classification effect, one continuous variable, and their interaction (the ODDSRATIO option in the MODEL statement requests the "Odds Ratio Estimates" table). (sas.com)
  • How to manually calculate odds ratio for continuous variables? (stackexchange.com)
Predictors5
  • Provides structured output (data frame) of all predictors and their corresponding odds ratios and confident intervals for further analyses. (fiocruz.br)
  • It helps to avoid false references of predictors and increments by specifying these parameters in a list instead of using 'exp(coef(model))' (standard approach of odds ratio calculation for GLMs) which just returns a plain numeric output. (fiocruz.br)
  • For GAM(M)s, odds ratio calculation is highly simplified with this package since it takes care of the multiple 'predict()' calls of the chosen predictor while holding other predictors constant. (fiocruz.br)
  • Usually you just create a vector which stores the increments of your predictors you want to calculate odds ratios for. (pjs-web.de)
  • output (which is usually the intercept) because you only want to calculate odds ratios for your predictors! (pjs-web.de)
Likelihood2
  • A confidence interval (CI) for the odds ratio is calculated using an exact conditional likelihood method ( Martin and Austin, 1991 ). (statsdirect.com)
  • The likelihood ratio of a beep is 1/2:1/4 = 2:1. (lesswrong.com)
Predictor4
  • Also, this package allows odds ratio calculation of percentage steps across the whole predictor distribution range for GAM(M)s. (fiocruz.br)
  • We want odds ratios showing the change in odds for a specific predictor change! (pjs-web.de)
  • So you can directly see how "safe" your odds ratio calculation is based on the underlying fitted model for the specific predictor. (pjs-web.de)
  • Due to the non-linear behavior of this model type, odds ratios of specific increment steps are different for every value combination and not constant throughout the value range of each predictor as for GLMs. (pjs-web.de)
Simplifies2
  • Simplifies ratio odds also if you like. (thepokerbank.com)
  • This package simplifies the calculation of odds ratios in binomial models. (pjs-web.de)
Confounder4
  • A desirable property of an adjusted ratio estimate is collapsibility, wherein the combined crude ratio will not change after adjusting for a variable that is not a confounder. (mdpi.com)
  • Hi, So we have been given odds ratio for males and females in four different scenarios to find out if sex is a confounder or effect modifier in a study looking at the association between lung cancer and smoking. (talkstats.com)
  • I'm not sure as to how to interpret these ratios in order to say if sex is a confounder or effect modifier. (talkstats.com)
  • But it is common to see papers comparing odds ratios before and after confounder adjustment as a method of judging the extent of confounding. (frankpopham.co.uk)
Statistic2
  • The rationale for the diagnostic odds ratio is that it is a single indicator of test performance (like accuracy and Youden's J statistic) but which is independent of prevalence (unlike accuracy) and is presented as an odds ratio, which is familiar to medical practitioners. (wikipedia.org)
  • Odds ratio is the key statistic for most case-control studies. (statsdirect.com)
Computation1
  • He is we can exist the download unconditional small sample confidence intervals for the odds designed by participating that pas are Second located, not just to any theories, but to those in a there been Computation. (wierdeier.de)
Percentage5
  • It converts ratio odds in to percentage odds and percentage odds in to ratio odds, rather than you having to hunt down a percentage to ratio odds converter chart all the time. (thepokerbank.com)
  • Ratio odds and percentage odds are always being interchanged in poker books, strategy articles and poker forums. (thepokerbank.com)
  • Converts ratio odds in to percentage odds. (thepokerbank.com)
  • In percentage method: I calc from those pot odds how much of the whole pot is mine. (stackexchange.com)
  • Every book and every site covering poker "explain" this without actually explaining why this work (the comparison of hand and pot odds in either ratio or percentage method) and these are the only explanations I have been able to come up with. (stackexchange.com)
Calculates2
  • Free online Odds Ratio (OR) statistical calculator calculates Odds Ratio with 95% Confidence Interval from a 2x2 table. (bookofranovoline.net)
  • pari mutuel system that calculates and continually updates betting odds. (muscle-fitness.ga)
Exposure odds ratio1
Statistical1
  • In this paper, we investigate dichotomisation for statistical inference about odds ratios in a situation where two underlying distributions from which independent samples are drawn are skewed and unknown. (lboro.ac.uk)
Intervals19
  • produces a plot of log odds vs x2 with 0.95 confidence intervals. (ethz.ch)
  • Including "alpha = 0.05" in the parameter list fixes the default value for alpha at 0.05, which yields the 95% confidence intervals for the computed odds ratio, based on the Wald approximation described above. (r-bloggers.com)
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  • How To Report Odds Ratios And Confidence Intervals For a child without hay fever, the proportion with eczema is 420/13 945 (3.0%) and the odds is 420/13 525. (comunidadwindows.org)
  • Also, automatically confident intervals (CI) of odds ratios are calculated and returned. (pjs-web.de)
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Cohort3
  • Odds ratios are a common measure of the size of an effect and may be reported in case-control studies, cohort studies, or clinical trials. (bmj.com)
  • Odds ratios are most commonly used in case-control studies, however, they can also be used in cross-sectional and cohort study designs as well (with some modifications and/or assumptions). (wordpress.com)
  • 3 An example of a matched-pair cohort study The matched-pair odds ratio for cocaine use among those who used In an actual analysis of matched cohort data, the perform a matched analysis (that is, retaining the pair matching of one control for each case) using condi- mate of the odds ratio. (mastersgfp.org)
Confidence limits1
  • PROC SURVEYFREQ constructs confidence limits for the odds ratio by using the log transform. (sas.com)
Curves1
  • Analysis of biomarker data: logs, odds ratios, and receiver operating characteristic curves. (nih.gov)
Outcomes2
  • Odds ratios (95% CIs) comparing those with fatty kidney to those without fatty kidney are presented for dichotomous outcomes. (zanran.com)
  • An approach for modelling multiple correlated outcomes in a network of interventions using odds ratios. (semanticscholar.org)
Computes1
  • DIFF=FIRST computes differences from the first level, and DIFF=ALL computes odds ratios based on all pairwise differences. (sas.com)
Conditional odds1
  • The joint distributions are used to calculate conditional odds ratios. (mastersgfp.org)
Tricky3
  • If you have a tricky ratio for whatever reason like '9 to 4' (basically anything other than x to 1), you can simplify this by ticking the 'simplify ratio' box. (thepokerbank.com)
  • Odds ratios are tricky. (stephanieevergreen.com)
  • And it gets more tricky with other odds ratios. (deeplytrivial.com)
Questions tagged3
  • Browse other questions tagged r mathematical-statistics meta-analysis odds-ratio or ask your own question . (stackexchange.com)
  • Browse other questions tagged odds-ratio theory calculus or ask your own question . (stackexchange.com)
  • Browse other questions tagged pot-odds or ask your own question . (stackexchange.com)
Quartiles2
  • Circles mark direct odds ratio estimates comparing higher hsCRP quartiles to the lowest quartile. (nih.gov)
  • The odds of hypertension decreased across quartiles of 3-MU. (theveganapprentice.com)
Contingency tables1
  • How to calculate overall odds ratios from two 2X2 contingency tables with correlated variables? (stackexchange.com)
Formula1
Marginal2
  • Evaluation of the propensity score methods for estimating marginal odds ratios in case of small sample size. (inserm.fr)
  • There is nothing wrong here, it is just that the marginal and conditional (on Z) odds ratios will often differ even in the absence of confounding. (frankpopham.co.uk)
Prevalence ratio1
  • Prevalence odds ratio v prevalence ratio. (bmj.com)
Data12
  • Traditional meta-analytic techniques such as inverse-variance weighting can be used to combine log diagnostic odds ratios computed from a number of data sources to produce an overall diagnostic odds ratio for the test in question. (wikipedia.org)
  • From these data we have evidence that the odds of developing oral cancer is around two and a half times higher for heavy smokers compared with lighter (less than 16 per day) or non-smokers of cigarettes. (statsdirect.com)
  • Breslow, N. E. (1981), Odds ratio estimators when the data are sparse. (springer.com)
  • Liang, K. Y. (1985), Odds ratio inference with dependent data. (springer.com)
  • But I intuitively feel that the lowest one is more valid and I have only got these odds due to lack of training data. (stackexchange.com)
  • 19/01/2012В В· I do an example of setting up a Matched Pairs Mean t Matched Pairs t Confidence Interval Calculating Matched Pairs Odds Ratio, Analysis of data from case-control studies. (mastersgfp.org)
  • library(geepack) rndTidy(geeglm(y ~ rx, data = di, the ICC has no impact on the expected value of the log-odds ratio, but when variability is higher The R package geeglm will be discussed in the attached paper reference. (isellmx.com)
  • They had important data on the odds that people with histories of sexual violence will also have other health conditions. (stephanieevergreen.com)
  • So ultimately, we decided to visualize the odds ratios as a simple bar graph, which textboxes that interpret the top bar of data. (stephanieevergreen.com)
  • The image below shows the result for meta-analysis of the odds ratio data, for both random and fixed effects model. (projectguru.in)
  • Performing meta-analysis for Events rate and Odds ratio data. (projectguru.in)
  • On one hand, the event rate data did not yield significant association, whereas odds ratio analysis result was opposite. (projectguru.in)
Allele2
  • In genetic case-control association studies the OR typically represents the ratio of the odds of disease if allele A is carried compared to if allele B is carried. (genomesunzipped.org)
  • In the present study we rigorously tested MDR-PDTwith new cross-validation (CV) (both 5- and 10-fold) and omnibus model selection algorithms by simulating a range of heritabilities, odds ratios, minor allele frequencies, sample sizes, and numbers of interacting loci. (elsevier.com)
Inference1
  • Okay, so let's talk about exact inference odds ratios. (coursera.org)
Interpretation of Genetic Association Studies: Markers with Replicated Highly Significant Odds Ratios May Be Poor Classifiers
Interpretation of Genetic Association Studies: Markers with Replicated Highly Significant Odds Ratios May Be Poor Classifiers (journals.plos.org)
Principles of Epidemiology: Lesson 6, Section 2|Self-Study Course SS1978|CDC
Principles of Epidemiology: Lesson 6, Section 2|Self-Study Course SS1978|CDC (cdc.gov)
Meta-analysis: Principles and procedures | The BMJ
Meta-analysis: Principles and procedures | The BMJ (bmj.com)
Recession and income inequality have fuelled HIV infections in European drug users | aidsmap
Recession and income inequality have fuelled HIV infections in European drug users | aidsmap (aidsmap.com)
IAS: Aciclovir treatment doesn't significantly reduce HIV or HSV-2 shedding in genital secretions | aidsmap
IAS: Aciclovir treatment doesn't significantly reduce HIV or HSV-2 shedding in genital secretions | aidsmap (aidsmap.com)
'Nuanced' sero-adaptive behaviours being used by Australian and American gay men |...
'Nuanced' sero-adaptive behaviours being used by Australian and American gay men |... (aidsmap.com)
Newest 'dummy-variable' Questions - Stack Overflow
Newest 'dummy-variable' Questions - Stack Overflow (stackoverflow.com)
Glossary of scientific terms
Glossary of scientific terms (wcrf.org)
Frontiers | The Experience of Sexual Stigma and the Increased Risk of Attempted Suicide in Young Brazilian People from Low...
Frontiers | The Experience of Sexual Stigma and the Increased Risk of Attempted Suicide in Young Brazilian People from Low... (frontiersin.org)
SciELO - Brazil - Influence of parental smoking on the use of alcohol and illicit drugs among adolescents Influence of...
SciELO - Brazil - Influence of parental smoking on the use of alcohol and illicit drugs among adolescents Influence of... (scielo.br)
D Table of Odds Ratios | The Best Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families | The National...
D Table of Odds Ratios | The Best Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families | The National... (nap.edu)
Relative risks or odds ratios? | CMAJ
Relative risks or odds ratios? | CMAJ (cmaj.ca)
Designing and Conducting Analytic Studies in the Field | Epidemic Intelligence Service | CDC
Designing and Conducting Analytic Studies in the Field | Epidemic Intelligence Service | CDC (cdc.gov)
GWIS - model-free, fast and exhaustive search for epistatic interactions in case-control GWAS | BMC Genomics | Full Text
GWIS - model-free, fast and exhaustive search for epistatic interactions in case-control GWAS | BMC Genomics | Full Text (bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com)
Tuberculosis Outbreak Associated with a Homeless Shelter - Kane County, Illinois, 2007-2011
Tuberculosis Outbreak Associated with a Homeless Shelter - Kane County, Illinois, 2007-2011 (cdc.gov)
Principles of Epidemiology: Lesson 6 Quiz|Self-Study Course SS1978|CDC
Principles of Epidemiology: Lesson 6 Quiz|Self-Study Course SS1978|CDC (cdc.gov)
Outbreak of Campylobacteriosis Associated with a Long-Distance Obstacle Adventure Race - Nevada, October 2012
Outbreak of Campylobacteriosis Associated with a Long-Distance Obstacle Adventure Race - Nevada, October 2012 (cdc.gov)
Agronomy | Free Full-Text | Comparison of Frequentist and Bayesian Meta-Analysis Models for Assessing the Efficacy of Decision...
Agronomy | Free Full-Text | Comparison of Frequentist and Bayesian Meta-Analysis Models for Assessing the Efficacy of Decision... (mdpi.com)
Community-Based Services to Improve Testing and Linkage to Care Among Non-U.S.-Born Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus...
Community-Based Services to Improve Testing and Linkage to Care Among Non-U.S.-Born Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus... (cdc.gov)
Pet Dogs and Children's Health: Opportunities for Chronic Disease Prevention?
Pet Dogs and Children's Health: Opportunities for Chronic Disease Prevention? (cdc.gov)
Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Associated with Jensen Farms Cantaloupe --- United States, August--September 2011
Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Associated with Jensen Farms Cantaloupe --- United States, August--September 2011 (cdc.gov)
Preventing Chronic Disease | Development and Validation of a Tool for Assessing Glucose Impairment in Adolescents - CDC
Preventing Chronic Disease | Development and Validation of a Tool for Assessing Glucose Impairment in Adolescents - CDC (cdc.gov)
Effect of a Statewide Media Campaign on Smoking Cessation Among Florida Adults
Effect of a Statewide Media Campaign on Smoking Cessation Among Florida Adults (cdc.gov)
CASS4 - Wikipedia
CASS4 - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Multistate Outbreak of Human Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Associated with Pet Turtle Exposure --- United States, 2008
Multistate Outbreak of Human Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Associated with Pet Turtle Exposure --- United States, 2008 (cdc.gov)
COVID-19 Outbreak Among Attendees of an Exercise Facility - Chicago, Illinois, August-September 2020 | MMWR
COVID-19 Outbreak Among Attendees of an Exercise Facility - Chicago, Illinois, August-September 2020 | MMWR (cdc.gov)
Community Health Impact of Extended Loss of Water Service --- Alabama, January 2010
Community Health Impact of Extended Loss of Water Service --- Alabama, January 2010 (cdc.gov)
COVID-19 Outbreak Among College Students After a Spring Break Trip to Mexico - Austin, Texas, March 26-April 5, 2020 | MMWR
COVID-19 Outbreak Among College Students After a Spring Break Trip to Mexico - Austin, Texas, March 26-April 5, 2020 | MMWR (cdc.gov)
Variation in Adult Outpatient Opioid Prescription Dispensing by Age and Sex - United States, 2008-2018 | MMWR
Variation in Adult Outpatient Opioid Prescription Dispensing by Age and Sex - United States, 2008-2018 | MMWR (cdc.gov)
Gestational Diabetes and Health Behaviors Among Women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2014
Gestational Diabetes and Health Behaviors Among Women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2014 (cdc.gov)