Processes and properties of the EYE as a whole or of any of its parts.
Physiological processes and properties of the DENTITION.
Properties and processes of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM and DENTITION as a whole or of any of its parts.
Physiology of the human and animal body, male or female, in the processes and characteristics of REPRODUCTION and the URINARY TRACT.
Properties, and processes of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM and the NERVOUS SYSTEM or their parts.
Functional processes and properties characteristic of the BLOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.
The properties and relationships and biological processes that characterize the nature and function of the SKIN and its appendages.
Nutritional physiology related to EXERCISE or ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE.
Physiological processes, factors, properties and characteristics pertaining to REPRODUCTION.
The functions and properties of living organisms, including both the physical and chemical factors and processes, supporting life in single- or multi-cell organisms from their origin through the progression of life.
Nutritional physiology of adults aged 65 years of age and older.
Properties, functions, and processes of the URINARY TRACT as a whole or of any of its parts.
Processes and properties of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.
Biological properties, processes, and activities of VIRUSES.
Properties and processes of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.
Physiological processes and properties of the BLOOD.
A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.
Nutritional physiology of children aged 13-18 years.
The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.
Characteristic properties and processes of the NERVOUS SYSTEM as a whole or with reference to the peripheral or the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Infection caused by the protozoan parasite TOXOPLASMA in which there is extensive connective tissue proliferation, the retina surrounding the lesions remains normal, and the ocular media remain clear. Chorioretinitis may be associated with all forms of toxoplasmosis, but is usually a late sequel of congenital toxoplasmosis. The severe ocular lesions in infants may lead to blindness.
Cellular processes, properties, and characteristics.
Physiological processes and properties of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.
The functions of the skin in the human and animal body. It includes the pigmentation of the skin.
Nutrition of FEMALE during PREGNANCY.
The physiological processes, properties, and states characteristic of plants.
Physiological processes and properties of BACTERIA.
Processes and properties of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.
The functional superiority and preferential use of one eye over the other. The term is usually applied to superiority in sighting (VISUAL PERCEPTION) or motor task but not difference in VISUAL ACUITY or dysfunction of one of the eyes. Ocular dominance can be modified by visual input and NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS.
Albinism affecting the eye in which pigment of the hair and skin is normal or only slightly diluted. The classic type is X-linked (Nettleship-Falls), but an autosomal recessive form also exists. Ocular abnormalities may include reduced pigmentation of the iris, nystagmus, photophobia, strabismus, and decreased visual acuity.
Nutrition of a mother which affects the health of the FETUS and INFANT as well as herself.
Measurement of ocular tension (INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE) with a tonometer. (Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Refraction of LIGHT effected by the media of the EYE.
Tumors or cancer of the EYE.
Nutritional physiology of children aged 2-12 years.
Disorders that feature impairment of eye movements as a primary manifestation of disease. These conditions may be divided into infranuclear, nuclear, and supranuclear disorders. Diseases of the eye muscles or oculomotor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) are considered infranuclear. Nuclear disorders are caused by disease of the oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nuclei in the BRAIN STEM. Supranuclear disorders are produced by dysfunction of higher order sensory and motor systems that control eye movements, including neural networks in the CEREBRAL CORTEX; BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; and BRAIN STEM. Ocular torticollis refers to a head tilt that is caused by an ocular misalignment. Opsoclonus refers to rapid, conjugate oscillations of the eyes in multiple directions, which may occur as a parainfectious or paraneoplastic condition (e.g., OPSOCLONUS-MYOCLONUS SYNDROME). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p240)
The processes and properties of living organisms by which they take in and balance the use of nutritive materials for energy, heat production, or building material for the growth, maintenance, or repair of tissues and the nutritive properties of FOOD.
The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Nutritional physiology of children from birth to 2 years of age.
Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.
Tuberculous infection of the eye, primarily the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
The fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands. This fluid moistens the CONJUNCTIVA and CORNEA.
Sterile solutions that are intended for instillation into the eye. It does not include solutions for cleaning eyeglasses or CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS.

Evidence for an eye-centered spherical representation of the visuomotor map. (1/604)

During visually guided movement, visual coordinates of target location must be transformed into coordinates appropriate for movement. To investigate the representation of this visuomotor coordinate transformation, we examined changes in pointing behavior induced by a local visuomotor remapping. The visual feedback of finger position was limited to one location within the workspace, at which a discrepancy was introduced between the actual and visually perceived finger position. This remapping induced a change in pointing that extended over the entire workspace and was best captured by a spherical coordinate system centered near the eyes.  (+info)

Hypersensitivity in the anterior median eye of a jumping spider. (2/604)

Changes in sensitivity of the photoreceptor cells of the anterior median eye of the jumping spider Menemerus confusus Boes. et Str. have been studied by recording electroretinograms (ERGs) and receptor potentials. The amplitudes of the responses (ERGs and receptor potentials) increase during repetitive stimulation, with a maximum increase at 3-5 s intervals. The sensitivity of the photoreceptor cell is greater for about 60 s following illumination (maximum magnitude at 3-5 s) than it is during complete dark adaptation. This phenomenon, which we call 'hypersensitivity', is lost within one day following surgery in physiological saline. Upon loss of hypersensitivity, the sensitivity decrease during light adaptation is greater than for the normal eye and the small increase of sensitivity following the onset of illumination observed for the normal eye is lost.  (+info)

Regulation of mammalian circadian behavior by non-rod, non-cone, ocular photoreceptors. (3/604)

Circadian rhythms of mammals are entrained by light to follow the daily solar cycle (photoentrainment). To determine whether retinal rods and cones are required for this response, the effects of light on the regulation of circadian wheel-running behavior were examined in mice lacking these photoreceptors. Mice without cones (cl) or without both rods and cones (rdta/cl) showed unattenuated phase-shifting responses to light. Removal of the eyes abolishes this behavior. Thus, neither rods nor cones are required for photoentrainment, and the murine eye contains additional photoreceptors that regulate the circadian clock.  (+info)

Residual vision in the blind field of hemidecorticated humans predicted by a diffusion scatter model and selective spectral absorption of the human eye. (4/604)

The notion of blindsight was recently challenged by evidence that patients with occipital damage and contralateral field defects show residual islands of vision which may be associated with spared neural tissue. However, this possibility could not explain why patients who underwent the resection or disconnection of an entire cerebral hemisphere exhibit some forms of blindsight. We present here a model for the detection of intraocular scatter, which can account for human sensitivity values obtained in the blind field of hemidecorticated patients. The model demonstrates that, under controlled experimental conditions i.e. where the extraocular scatter is eliminated, Lambertian intraocular scatter alone can account for the visual sensitivities reported in these patients. The model also shows that it is possible to obtain a sensitivity in the blind field almost equivalent to that in the good field using the appropriate parameters. Finally, we show with in-vivo spectroreflectometry measurements made in the eyes of our hemidecorticated patients, that the relative drop in middle wavelength sensitivity generally obtained in the blind field of these patients can be explained by selective intraocular spectral absorption.  (+info)

The physiological effects of monocular deprivation and their reversal in the monkey's visual cortex. (5/604)

1. 1127 single units were recorded during oblique penetrations in area 17 of one normal, three monocularly deprived and four reverse sutured monkeys. 2. In all animals most cells outside layer IV c were orientation-selective, and preferred orientation usually shifted from cell to cell in a regular progressive sequence. 3. The presence in layer IV c of non-oriented, monocularly driven units, organized in alternating right-eye and left-eye 'stripes' (LeVay, Hubel & Wiesel, 1975) was confirmed. 4. Early monocular deprivation (2--5 1/2 weeks) caused a strong shift of ocular dominance towards the non-deprived eye. However, even outside layer IV c, neural background and some isolated cells could still be driven from the deprived eye in regularly spaced, narrow columnar regions. In layer IV c the non-deprived eye's stripes were almost three times wider, on average, than the deprived. 5. Later monocular deprivation (11--16 months) had no detectable influence on layer IV c but seemed to cause a small shift in ocular dominance outside IV c. Deprivation for 6 1/4 months in an adult had no such effect. 6. After early reverse suturing (at 5 1/2 weeks) the originally deprived eye gained dominance over cells outside layer IV c just as complete as that originally exercised by the eye that was first non-deprived. 7. The later reverse suturing was delayed, the less effective was recapture by the originally deprived eye. Reversal at 8 weeks led to roughly equal numbers of cells being dominated by each eye; fewer cells became dominated by the newly open eye after reverse suturing at 9 weeks and most of them were non-oriented; reversal at 38 1/2 weeks had no effect. 8. Binocular cells, though rare in reverse sutured animals, always had very similar preferred orientations in the two eyes. The columnar sequences of preferred orientation were not interrupted at the borders of ocular dominance columns. 9. Even within layer IV c there was evidence for re-expansion of physiologically determined ocular dominance stripes. After early reverse suture, stripes for the two eyes became roughly equal in width. Possible mechanisms for these changes are discussed.  (+info)

Enhanced NR2A subunit expression and decreased NMDA receptor decay time at the onset of ocular dominance plasticity in the ferret. (6/604)

Enhanced NR2A subunit expression and decreased NMDA receptor decay time at the onset of ocular dominance plasticity in the ferret. The NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor is known to exhibit marked changes in subunit composition and functional properties during neural development. The prevailing idea is that NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses decrease in duration after the peak of cortical plasticity in rodents. Accordingly, it is believed that shortening of the NMDA receptor-mediated current underlies the developmental reduction of ocular dominance plasticity. However, some previous evidence actually suggests that the duration of NMDA receptor currents decreases before the peak of plasticity. In the present study, we have examined the time course of NMDA receptor changes and how they correlate with the critical period of ocular dominance plasticity in the visual cortex of a highly binocular animal, the ferret. The expression of NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B was examined in animals ranging in age from postnatal day 16 to adult using Western blotting. Functional properties of NMDA receptors in layer IV cortical neurons were studied using whole cell patch-clamp techniques in an in vitro slice preparation of ferret primary visual cortex. We observed a remarkable increase in NR1 and NR2A, but not NR2B, expression after eye opening. The NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic currents showed an abrupt decrease in decay time concurrent with the increase in NR2A subunit expression. Importantly, these changes occurred in parallel with increased ocular dominance plasticity reported in the ferret. In conclusion, molecular changes leading to decreased duration of the NMDA receptor excitatory postsynaptic current may be a requirement for the onset, rather than the end, of the critical period of ocular dominance plasticity.  (+info)

Visual perception: here's mud in your mind's eye. (7/604)

We appear to be unaware of large changes in our visual scene if our attention is temporarily diverted. This suggests that the rich, complete visual scene that we appear to have may be just an illusion.  (+info)

Heterothermal acclimation: an experimental paradigm for studying the control of thermal acclimation in crabs. (8/604)

A method for the study of the control of the attainment of thermal acclimation has been applied to the crabs, Cancer pagurus and Carcinus maenas. Crabs were heterothermally acclimated by using an anterior-posterior partition between two compartments, one at 8 degrees C and the other at 22 degrees C. One compartment held a three-quarter section of the crab including the central nervous system (CNS), eye stalks, and ipsilateral legs; the other held a quarter section including the contralateral legs. Criteria used to assess the acclimation responses were comparisons of muscle plasma membrane fatty acid composition and "fluidity." In both species, the major fatty acids of phosphatidylcholine were 16:0, 18:1, 20:5, and 22:6, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine contained significantly less 16:0 but more 18:0; these fatty acids comprised 80% of the total. Differences in fatty acid composition were demonstrated between fractions obtained from the ipsilateral and contralateral legs from the same heterothermally acclimated individual. In all acclimation states (except 22CNS, phosphatidylcholine fraction), membrane lipid saturation was significantly increased with acclimation at 22 degrees as compared with 8 degrees C. Membrane fluidity was determined by using 1,3-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene (DPH) fluorescence polarization. In both species, membranes from legs held at 8 degrees were more fluid than from legs held at 22 degrees C irrespective of the acclimation temperature of the CNS. Heterothermal acclimation demonstrated that leg muscle membrane composition and fluidity respond primarily to local temperature and were not predominately under central direction. The responses between 8 degrees C- and 22 degrees C-acclimated legs were more pronounced when the CNS was cold-acclimated, so a central influence cannot be excluded.  (+info)

"Ocular physiological phenomena" is not a standardized medical term with a specific definition. However, I can provide some examples of ocular physiological phenomena, which refer to various normal functions and processes that occur in the eye. Here are a few examples:

1. Accommodation: The ability of the eye to change optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. This is primarily achieved by changing the curvature of the lens through the action of the ciliary muscles.
2. Pupillary reflex: The automatic adjustment of the pupil's size in response to changes in light intensity. In bright light, the pupil constricts (miosis), while in dim light, it dilates (mydriasis). This reflex helps regulate the amount of light that enters the eye.
3. Tear production: The continuous secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands to keep the eyes moist and protected from dust, microorganisms, and other foreign particles.
4. Extraocular muscle function: The coordinated movement of the six extraocular muscles that control eyeball rotation and enable various gaze directions.
5. Color vision: The ability to perceive and distinguish different colors based on the sensitivity of photoreceptor cells (cones) in the retina to specific wavelengths of light.
6. Dark adaptation: The process by which the eyes adjust to low-light conditions, improving visual sensitivity primarily through changes in the rod photoreceptors' sensitivity and pupil dilation.
7. Light adaptation: The ability of the eye to adjust to different levels of illumination, mainly through alterations in pupil size and photoreceptor cell response.

These are just a few examples of ocular physiological phenomena. There are many more processes and functions that occur within the eye, contributing to our visual perception and overall eye health.

Dental physiological phenomena refer to the various natural and normal functions, processes, and responses that occur in the oral cavity, particularly in the teeth and their supporting structures. These phenomena are essential for maintaining good oral health and overall well-being. Some of the key dental physiological phenomena include:

1. Tooth formation (odontogenesis): The process by which teeth develop from embryonic cells into fully formed adult teeth, including the growth and mineralization of tooth enamel, dentin, and cementum.
2. Eruption: The natural movement of a tooth from its developmental position within the jawbone to its final functional position in the oral cavity, allowing it to come into contact with the opposing tooth for biting and chewing.
3. Tooth mobility: The normal slight movement or displacement of teeth within their sockets due to the action of masticatory forces and the elasticity of the periodontal ligament that connects the tooth root to the alveolar bone.
4. Salivary flow: The continuous production and secretion of saliva by the major and minor salivary glands, which helps maintain a moist oral environment, neutralize acids, and aid in food digestion, speech, and swallowing.
5. pH balance: The regulation of acidity and alkalinity within the oral cavity, primarily through the buffering capacity of saliva and the action of dental plaque bacteria that metabolize sugars and produce acids as a byproduct.
6. Tooth sensitivity: The normal response of teeth to various stimuli such as temperature changes, touch, or pressure, which is mediated by the activation of nerve fibers within the dentin layer of the tooth.
7. Oral mucosal immune response: The natural defense mechanisms of the oral mucosa, including the production of antimicrobial proteins and peptides, the recruitment of immune cells, and the formation of a physical barrier against pathogens.
8. Tooth wear and attrition: The normal gradual loss of tooth structure due to natural processes such as chewing, grinding, and erosion by acidic substances, which can be influenced by factors such as diet, occlusion, and bruxism.
9. Tooth development and eruption: The growth and emergence of teeth from the dental follicle through the alveolar bone and gingival tissues, which is regulated by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

The digestive system is a series of organs and glands that work together to break down food into nutrients, which the body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and cell repair. The process begins in the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin breaking down carbohydrates.

The oral physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes that occur in the mouth during eating and digestion. These include:

1. Ingestion: The process of taking food into the mouth.
2. Mechanical digestion: The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces by chewing, which increases the surface area for enzymes to act on.
3. Chemical digestion: The chemical breakdown of food molecules into simpler substances that can be absorbed and utilized by the body. In the mouth, this is initiated by salivary amylase, an enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starches into simple sugars.
4. Taste perception: The ability to detect different flavors through specialized taste buds located on the tongue and other areas of the oral cavity.
5. Olfaction: The sense of smell, which contributes to the overall flavor experience by interacting with taste perception in the brain.
6. Salivation: The production of saliva, which helps moisten food, making it easier to swallow, and contains enzymes that begin the digestion process.
7. Protective mechanisms: The mouth has several defense mechanisms to protect against harmful bacteria and other pathogens, such as the flow of saliva, which helps wash away food particles, and the presence of antibacterial compounds in saliva.

Reproductive physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes related to human reproduction, which include:

1. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis: The regulation of reproductive hormones through a feedback mechanism between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males).
2. Oogenesis/Spermatogenesis: The process of producing mature ova (eggs) or spermatozoa (sperm) capable of fertilization.
3. Menstrual Cycle: A series of events that occur in the female reproductive system over approximately 28 days, including follicular development, ovulation, and endometrial changes.
4. Pregnancy and Parturition: The process of carrying a developing fetus to term and giving birth.
5. Lactation: The production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands for nourishment of the newborn.

Urinary physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes related to the urinary system, which include:

1. Renal Filtration: The process of filtering blood in the kidneys to form urine.
2. Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion: The active transport of solutes and water between the tubular lumen and peritubular capillaries, resulting in the formation of urine with a different composition than plasma.
3. Urine Concentration and Dilution: The ability to regulate the concentration of urine by adjusting the amount of water reabsorbed or excreted.
4. Micturition: The process of storing and intermittently releasing urine from the bladder through a coordinated contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the urethral sphincter.

Musculoskeletal physiological phenomena refer to the mechanical, physical, and biochemical processes and functions that occur within the musculoskeletal system. This system includes the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilages, and other tissues that provide support, shape, and movement to the body. Examples of musculoskeletal physiological phenomena include muscle contraction and relaxation, bone growth and remodeling, joint range of motion, and the maintenance and repair of connective tissues.

Neural physiological phenomena, on the other hand, refer to the electrical and chemical processes and functions that occur within the nervous system. This system includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia that are responsible for processing information, controlling body movements, and maintaining homeostasis. Examples of neural physiological phenomena include action potential generation and propagation, neurotransmitter release and reception, sensory perception, and cognitive processes such as learning and memory.

Musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena are closely interrelated, as the nervous system controls the musculoskeletal system through motor neurons that innervate muscles, and sensory neurons that provide feedback to the brain about body position, movement, and pain. Understanding these physiological phenomena is essential for diagnosing and treating various medical conditions that affect the musculoskeletal and nervous systems.

Circulatory and respiratory physiological phenomena refer to the functions, processes, and mechanisms that occur in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to maintain homeostasis and support life.

The circulatory system, which includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. The respiratory system, which consists of the nose, throat, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm, enables the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.

Physiological phenomena in the circulatory system include heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, blood flow, and vascular resistance. These phenomena are regulated by various factors such as the autonomic nervous system, hormones, and metabolic demands.

Physiological phenomena in the respiratory system include ventilation, gas exchange, lung compliance, airway resistance, and respiratory muscle function. These phenomena are influenced by factors such as lung volume, airway diameter, surface area, and diffusion capacity.

Understanding circulatory and respiratory physiological phenomena is essential for diagnosing and managing various medical conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, and metabolic disorders. It also provides a foundation for developing interventions to improve health outcomes and prevent disease.

The integumentary system is the largest organ system in the human body, responsible for providing a protective barrier against the external environment. The physiological phenomena associated with the integumentary system encompass a range of functions and processes that occur within the skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands. These phenomena include:

1. Barrier Function: The skin forms a physical barrier that protects the body from external threats such as pathogens, chemicals, and radiation. It also helps prevent water loss and regulates electrolyte balance.
2. Temperature Regulation: The integumentary system plays a crucial role in maintaining core body temperature through vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin, as well as through sweat production by eccrine glands.
3. Sensory Perception: The skin contains various sensory receptors that detect touch, pressure, pain, heat, and cold. These receptors transmit information to the central nervous system for processing and response.
4. Vitamin D Synthesis: The skin is capable of synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight. This process involves the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin into previtamin D3, which then undergoes further transformation into vitamin D3.
5. Excretion: Sweat glands within the integumentary system help eliminate waste products and excess heat through the production and secretion of sweat. The two types of sweat glands are eccrine glands, which produce a watery, odorless sweat, and apocrine glands, which produce a milky, odorous sweat primarily in response to emotional stimuli.
6. Immunological Function: The skin serves as an essential component of the immune system by providing a physical barrier against pathogens and housing various immune cells such as Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, and T-cells. These cells help recognize and respond to potential threats, contributing to the body's overall defense mechanisms.
7. Wound Healing: The integumentary system has the remarkable ability to repair itself following injury through a complex process involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This process involves the coordinated efforts of various cell types, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, as well as the production and deposition of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and elastin.
8. Growth and Development: The integumentary system plays a crucial role in growth and development by producing hormones such as vitamin D and melatonin, which contribute to various physiological processes throughout the body. Additionally, the skin serves as an essential sensory organ, providing information about temperature, touch, pain, and pressure through specialized nerve endings called mechanoreceptors.
9. Social Communication: The integumentary system can convey important social signals through changes in coloration, texture, and odor. For example, blushing or sweating may indicate embarrassment or anxiety, while certain skin conditions such as psoriasis or eczema may signal underlying health issues. Additionally, the release of pheromones through sweat glands can influence social behavior and attraction.
10. Aesthetic Appeal: The integumentary system contributes significantly to an individual's appearance and self-esteem. Healthy skin, hair, and nails are often associated with youthfulness, attractiveness, and vitality, while skin conditions such as acne, wrinkles, or discoloration can negatively impact one's self-image and confidence. As a result, maintaining the health and appearance of the integumentary system is an essential aspect of overall well-being and quality of life.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is not a widely recognized or established medical term. It seems to be a broad concept that combines elements from sports nutrition, physiology, and potentially some biochemical phenomena.

1. Sports Nutrition: This involves the study of how diet can impact physical performance during sporting activities. It includes understanding the role of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) in athletic performance and recovery.

2. Physiological Phenomena: This refers to the functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, including all physical and chemical processes. In the context of sports, this could include how the body responds to exercise, such as increased heart rate, respiratory rate, and metabolism.

If you're looking for a definition that encompasses these areas, it might be something like: "The study of how nutritional intake and physiological responses interact during sporting activities, including the impact on performance, recovery, and overall health." However, this is not a standard medical definition. If you could provide more context or clarify what specific aspects you're interested in, I might be able to give a more precise answer.

Reproductive physiological phenomena refer to the various functional processes and changes that occur in the reproductive system, enabling the production, development, and reproduction of offspring in living organisms. These phenomena encompass a wide range of events, including:

1. Hormonal regulation: The release and circulation of hormones that control and coordinate reproductive functions, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and inhibin.
2. Ovarian and testicular function: The development and maturation of ova (eggs) in females and sperm in males, including folliculogenesis, ovulation, spermatogenesis, and the maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics.
3. Menstrual cycle: The series of events that occur in the female reproductive system over a 28-day period, consisting of the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase, resulting in the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur.
4. Fertilization: The process by which a sperm penetrates and fuses with an egg to form a zygote, initiating embryonic development.
5. Implantation: The attachment and embedding of the developing blastocyst (early-stage embryo) into the uterine lining, leading to pregnancy.
6. Pregnancy: The physiological state of carrying a developing offspring within the female reproductive system, characterized by hormonal changes, growth and development of the fetus, and preparation for childbirth.
7. Lactation: The production and secretion of milk from the mammary glands to provide nutrition for newborn offspring.
8. Menopause: The permanent cessation of menstrual cycles and reproductive function in females, typically occurring in the fourth or fifth decade of life, characterized by a decline in hormone production and various physical and emotional symptoms.

These reproductive physiological phenomena are complex and highly regulated processes that ensure the continuation of species and the maintenance of genetic diversity.

Physiological phenomena refer to the functional and mechanical activities that occur within a living organism or in any of its parts. These phenomena are associated with the normal functioning of the body and its organs, including biological processes such as digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion, metabolism, and nerve impulse transmission. They can be studied at different levels, from molecular and cellular to organ system and whole-body levels, and are essential for maintaining homeostasis and promoting the survival and health of the organism.

I cannot provide a medical definition for the term "Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" as it is not a widely recognized or established term in the field of medicine or nutrition. It seems to be a very specific and narrow term that may refer to certain age-related changes in nutritional status and physiological functions among older adults. However, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional or geriatric specialist for a more accurate and detailed explanation based on the context and specific phenomena being referred to.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena" is not a widely recognized or established medical term. However, I can provide information about the physiology of the urinary tract, which may be what you are looking for.

The urinary tract is a system responsible for producing, storing, and eliminating urine from the body. It includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. The physiological phenomena associated with the urinary tract include:

1. Glomerular filtration: In the kidneys, blood is filtered through structures called glomeruli, which remove waste products and excess fluids from the bloodstream to form urine.
2. Tubular reabsorption: As urine moves through the tubules of the nephron in the kidney, essential substances like water, glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes are actively reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
3. Hormonal regulation: The urinary system plays a role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance through hormonal mechanisms, such as the release of erythropoietin (regulates red blood cell production), renin (activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to regulate blood pressure and fluid balance), and calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D that helps regulate calcium homeostasis).
4. Urine storage: The bladder serves as a reservoir for urine, expanding as it fills and contracting during urination.
5. Micturition (urination): Once the bladder reaches a certain volume or pressure, nerve signals are sent to the brain, leading to the conscious decision to urinate. The sphincters of the urethra relax, allowing urine to flow out of the body through the urethral opening.

If you could provide more context about what specific information you're looking for, I would be happy to help further!

Musculoskeletal physiological phenomena refer to the various functions, processes, and responses that occur in the musculoskeletal system. This system includes the muscles, bones, joints, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues that work together to support the body's structure, enable movement, and protect vital organs.

Musculoskeletal physiological phenomena can be categorized into several areas:

1. Muscle contraction and relaxation: This involves the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy through the sliding of actin and myosin filaments in muscle fibers, leading to muscle shortening or lengthening.
2. Bone homeostasis: This includes the maintenance of bone mass, density, and strength through a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts.
3. Joint movement and stability: The movement of joints is enabled by the interaction between muscles, tendons, ligaments, and articular cartilage, while stability is maintained through the passive tension provided by ligaments and the active contraction of muscles.
4. Connective tissue repair and regeneration: This involves the response of tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and muscles to injury or damage, including inflammation, cell proliferation, and matrix remodeling.
5. Neuromuscular control: The coordination of muscle activity through the integration of sensory information from proprioceptors (e.g., muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs) and motor commands from the central nervous system.
6. Skeletal development and growth: This includes the processes of bone formation, mineralization, and modeling during fetal development and childhood, as well as the maintenance of bone mass and strength throughout adulthood.
7. Aging and degeneration: The progressive decline in musculoskeletal function and structure with age, including sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass), osteoporosis (brittle bones), and joint degeneration (osteoarthritis).

Understanding these physiological phenomena is essential for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders and injuries.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Virus Physiological Phenomena" is not a widely recognized or established medical term or concept. It seems to be a combination of two concepts: "virus" and "physiological phenomena."

1. A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses can cause many different types of illnesses, from the common cold to more serious diseases like HIV/AIDS or hepatitis.

2. Physiological phenomena refer to the functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, including cells, tissues, and organs.

If you're looking for information about how viruses affect physiological processes in the body, I would be happy to help provide some general information on that topic! However, it would be best to consult a specific medical text or expert for more detailed or specialized knowledge.

The digestive system is a complex network of organs and glands that work together to break down food into nutrients, which are then absorbed and utilized by the body for energy, growth, and cell repair. The physiological phenomena associated with the digestive system include:

1. Ingestion: This is the process of taking in food through the mouth.
2. Mechanical digestion: This involves the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces through processes such as chewing, churning, and segmentation.
3. Chemical digestion: This involves the chemical breakdown of food molecules into simpler forms that can be absorbed by the body. This is achieved through the action of enzymes produced by the mouth, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine.
4. Motility: This refers to the movement of food through the digestive tract, which is achieved through a series of coordinated muscle contractions called peristalsis.
5. Secretion: This involves the production and release of various digestive juices and enzymes by glands such as the salivary glands, gastric glands, pancreas, and liver.
6. Absorption: This is the process of absorbing nutrients from the digested food into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine.
7. Defecation: This is the final process of eliminating undigested food and waste products from the body through the rectum and anus.

Overall, the coordinated functioning of these physiological phenomena ensures the proper digestion and absorption of nutrients, maintaining the health and well-being of the individual.

"Blood physiological phenomena" is a broad term that refers to various functions, processes, and characteristics related to the blood in the body. Here are some definitions of specific blood-related physiological phenomena:

1. Hematopoiesis: The process of producing blood cells in the bone marrow. This includes the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis), white blood cells (leukopoiesis), and platelets (thrombopoiesis).
2. Hemostasis: The body's response to stop bleeding or prevent excessive blood loss after injury. It involves a complex interplay between blood vessels, platelets, and clotting factors that work together to form a clot.
3. Osmoregulation: The regulation of water and electrolyte balance in the blood. This is achieved through various mechanisms such as thirst, urine concentration, and hormonal control.
4. Acid-base balance: The maintenance of a stable pH level in the blood. This involves the balance between acidic and basic components in the blood, which can be affected by factors such as respiration, metabolism, and kidney function.
5. Hemoglobin function: The ability of hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells to bind and transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body.
6. Blood viscosity: The thickness or flowability of blood, which can affect its ability to circulate through the body. Factors that can influence blood viscosity include hematocrit (the percentage of red blood cells in the blood), plasma proteins, and temperature.
7. Immunological function: The role of white blood cells and other components of the immune system in protecting the body against infection and disease. This includes the production of antibodies, phagocytosis (the engulfing and destruction of foreign particles), and inflammation.

Ocular hypertension is a medical condition characterized by elevated pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure or IOP), which is higher than normal but not necessarily high enough to cause any visible damage to the optic nerve or visual field loss. It serves as a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma, a sight-threatening disease.

The normal range of intraocular pressure is typically between 10-21 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). Ocular hypertension is often defined as an IOP consistently above 21 mmHg, although some studies suggest that even pressures between 22-30 mmHg may not cause damage in all individuals. Regular monitoring and follow-up with an ophthalmologist are essential for people diagnosed with ocular hypertension to ensure early detection and management of any potential glaucomatous changes. Treatment options include medications, laser therapy, or surgery to lower the IOP and reduce the risk of glaucoma onset.

I cannot provide a specific medical definition for the term "Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" as it is quite broad and can encompass various aspects related to nutrition and physiological changes that occur during adolescence. However, I can provide some insight into the nutritional and physiological changes that typically occur during adolescence.

Adolescence is a critical period of growth and development, and proper nutrition is essential to support these changes. During this time, adolescents experience significant increases in height, weight, and muscle mass, as well as sexual maturation and reproductive development. As a result, their nutrient needs are higher than those of children or adults.

Some key nutritional physiological phenomena that occur during adolescence include:

1. Increased energy needs: Adolescents require more calories to support their rapid growth and development. The estimated daily calorie needs for boys aged 14-18 years are 2,500-3,000 calories, while for girls aged 14-18 years, the estimated daily calorie needs are 2,200-2,400 calories.
2. Increased protein needs: Protein is essential for building and repairing tissues, including muscle mass. Adolescents require more protein to support their growth and development, with an estimated daily need of 46 grams for girls aged 14-18 years and 52 grams for boys aged 14-18 years.
3. Increased calcium needs: Calcium is essential for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth. Adolescents undergo significant bone growth during this time, making it crucial to meet their increased calcium needs. The recommended daily intake of calcium for adolescents is 1,300 milligrams.
4. Increased iron needs: Iron is essential for the production of red blood cells and the transport of oxygen throughout the body. Adolescent girls, in particular, have increased iron needs due to menstruation. The recommended daily intake of iron for adolescents is 8 mg for boys aged 14-18 years and 15 mg for girls aged 14-18 years.
5. Increased nutrient needs: Adolescents require a variety of vitamins and minerals to support their growth and development, including vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, and magnesium. A balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy products can help meet these needs.

In summary, adolescents have increased nutrient needs to support their growth and development. Meeting these needs requires a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods from all food groups. It is essential to ensure adequate intake of protein, calcium, iron, and other vitamins and minerals during this critical period of growth and development.

The eye is the organ of sight, primarily responsible for detecting and focusing on visual stimuli. It is a complex structure composed of various parts that work together to enable vision. Here are some of the main components of the eye:

1. Cornea: The clear front part of the eye that refracts light entering the eye and protects the eye from harmful particles and microorganisms.
2. Iris: The colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light reaching the retina by adjusting the size of the pupil.
3. Pupil: The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.
4. Lens: A biconvex structure located behind the iris that further refracts light and focuses it onto the retina.
5. Retina: A layer of light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) at the back of the eye that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve.
6. Optic Nerve: The nerve that carries visual information from the retina to the brain.
7. Vitreous: A clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina, providing structural support to the eye.
8. Conjunctiva: A thin, transparent membrane that covers the front of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids.
9. Extraocular Muscles: Six muscles that control the movement of the eye, allowing for proper alignment and focus.

The eye is a remarkable organ that allows us to perceive and interact with our surroundings. Various medical specialties, such as ophthalmology and optometry, are dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of various eye conditions and diseases.

'Nervous system physiological phenomena' refer to the functions, activities, and processes that occur within the nervous system in a healthy or normal state. This includes:

1. Neuronal Activity: The transmission of electrical signals (action potentials) along neurons, which allows for communication between different cells and parts of the nervous system.

2. Neurotransmission: The release and binding of neurotransmitters to receptors on neighboring cells, enabling the transfer of information across the synapse or junction between two neurons.

3. Sensory Processing: The conversion of external stimuli into electrical signals by sensory receptors, followed by the transmission and interpretation of these signals within the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).

4. Motor Function: The generation and execution of motor commands, allowing for voluntary movement and control of muscles and glands.

5. Autonomic Function: The regulation of internal organs and glands through the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, maintaining homeostasis within the body.

6. Cognitive Processes: Higher brain functions such as perception, attention, memory, language, learning, and emotion, which are supported by complex neural networks and interactions.

7. Sleep-Wake Cycle: The regulation of sleep and wakefulness through interactions between the brainstem, thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain, ensuring proper rest and recovery.

8. Development and Plasticity: The growth, maturation, and adaptation of the nervous system throughout life, including processes such as neuronal migration, synaptogenesis, and neural plasticity.

9. Endocrine Regulation: The interaction between the nervous system and endocrine system, with the hypothalamus playing a key role in controlling hormone release and maintaining homeostasis.

10. Immune Function: The communication between the nervous system and immune system, allowing for the coordination of responses to infection, injury, or stress.

Ocular toxoplasmosis is an inflammatory eye disease caused by the parasitic infection of Toxoplasma gondii in the eye's retina. It can lead to lesions and scarring in the retina, resulting in vision loss or impairment. The severity of ocular toxoplasmosis depends on the location and extent of the infection in the eye. In some cases, it may cause only mild symptoms, while in others, it can result in severe damage to the eye. Ocular toxoplasmosis is usually treated with medications that target the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, such as pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, often combined with corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.

Cell physiological phenomena refer to the functional activities and processes that occur within individual cells, which are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and normal physiology. These phenomena include various dynamic and interrelated processes such as:

1. Cell membrane transport: The movement of ions, molecules, and nutrients across the cell membrane through various mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis/exocytosis.
2. Metabolism: The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within cells to maintain life, including catabolic (breaking down) and anabolic (building up) processes for energy production, biosynthesis, and waste elimination.
3. Signal transduction: The process by which cells receive, transmit, and respond to external or internal signals through complex signaling cascades involving various second messengers, enzymes, and transcription factors.
4. Gene expression: The conversion of genetic information encoded in DNA into functional proteins and RNA molecules, including transcription, RNA processing, translation, and post-translational modifications.
5. Cell cycle regulation: The intricate mechanisms that control the progression of cells through various stages of the cell cycle (G0, G1, S, G2, M) to ensure proper cell division and prevent uncontrolled growth or cancer development.
6. Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, a physiological process by which damaged, infected, or unwanted cells are eliminated in a controlled manner without causing inflammation or harm to surrounding tissues.
7. Cell motility: The ability of cells to move and change their position within tissues, which is critical for various biological processes like embryonic development, wound healing, and immune responses.
8. Cytoskeleton dynamics: The dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton (microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments) that provides structural support, enables cell shape changes, and facilitates intracellular transport and organelle positioning.
9. Ion homeostasis: The regulation of ion concentrations within cells to maintain proper membrane potentials and ensure normal physiological functions like neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and enzyme activity.
10. Cell-cell communication: The exchange of signals between neighboring or distant cells through various mechanisms like gap junctions, synapses, and paracrine/autocrine signaling to coordinate cellular responses and maintain tissue homeostasis.

Respiratory physiological phenomena refer to the various mechanical, chemical, and biological processes and functions that occur in the respiratory system during breathing and gas exchange. These phenomena include:

1. Ventilation: The movement of air into and out of the lungs, which is achieved through the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
2. Gas Exchange: The diffusion of oxygen (O2) from the alveoli into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream into the alveoli.
3. Respiratory Mechanics: The physical properties and forces that affect the movement of air in and out of the lungs, such as lung compliance, airway resistance, and chest wall elasticity.
4. Control of Breathing: The regulation of ventilation by the central nervous system through the integration of sensory information from chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the respiratory system.
5. Acid-Base Balance: The maintenance of a stable pH level in the blood through the regulation of CO2 elimination and bicarbonate balance by the respiratory and renal systems.
6. Oxygen Transport: The binding of O2 to hemoglobin in the red blood cells and its delivery to the tissues for metabolic processes.
7. Defense Mechanisms: The various protective mechanisms that prevent the entry and colonization of pathogens and foreign particles into the respiratory system, such as mucociliary clearance, cough reflex, and immune responses.

"Skin physiological phenomena" is not a standard medical term with a specific definition. However, I can provide some information about the general concepts that might be encompassed by this term.

Physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes that occur in living organisms. When it comes to the skin, there are many different physiological phenomena that take place, including:

1. Barrier function: The skin acts as a barrier to protect the body from external elements such as bacteria, viruses, chemicals, and UV radiation.
2. Temperature regulation: The skin helps regulate body temperature through sweat production and blood flow.
3. Sensation: The skin contains nerve endings that allow us to feel touch, pressure, pain, and temperature.
4. Vitamin D synthesis: The skin can produce vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.
5. Moisture regulation: The skin helps maintain the body's moisture balance by producing sweat and preventing water loss.
6. Immunological function: The skin plays a role in the immune system by providing a physical barrier and containing immune cells that help fight off infections.
7. Excretion: The skin eliminates waste products through sweat.
8. Wound healing: The skin has the ability to repair itself after injury, through a complex process involving inflammation, tissue regeneration, and remodeling.

Therefore, "skin physiological phenomena" could refer to any or all of these functions and processes that take place in the skin.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is not a standard or widely recognized medical term. It seems to be a rather broad and vague phrase that combines several concepts: prenatal (occurring before birth), nutritional (relating to nutrition), physiological (relating to the functioning of living organisms and their parts), and phenomena (observable events or occurrences).

If you're interested in a specific aspect of maternal and fetal nutrition, physiology, or related processes during pregnancy, I would be happy to help further if you could provide a more precise term or question. For example, prenatal nutritional physiological phenomena could refer to the process of how certain nutrients are transported across the placenta, how maternal nutrition affects fetal growth and development, or how various hormonal and metabolic changes occur during pregnancy.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Plant Physiological Phenomena" is not a standard medical term. It falls more within the domain of botany, which is a branch of biology focused on the study of plants.

However, I can provide a general explanation: Plant physiological phenomena refer to the functional processes and activities that occur within plants. This includes various aspects such as photosynthesis (the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy to fuel their growth), respiration, plant nutrition (the uptake and assimilation of nutrients from the soil), water relations (how plants absorb, transport, and use water), plant hormone functions, and many other processes.

If you have a term that is used in a medical context which you would like defined, I'd be happy to help with that!

Bacterial physiological phenomena refer to the various functional processes and activities that occur within bacteria, which are necessary for their survival, growth, and reproduction. These phenomena include:

1. Metabolism: This is the process by which bacteria convert nutrients into energy and cellular components. It involves a series of chemical reactions that break down organic compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
2. Respiration: This is the process by which bacteria use oxygen to convert organic compounds into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy in the form of ATP. Some bacteria can also perform anaerobic respiration, using alternative electron acceptors such as nitrate or sulfate instead of oxygen.
3. Fermentation: This is a type of anaerobic metabolism in which bacteria convert organic compounds into simpler molecules, releasing energy in the form of ATP. Unlike respiration, fermentation does not require an external electron acceptor.
4. Motility: Many bacteria are capable of moving independently, using various mechanisms such as flagella or twitching motility. This allows them to move towards favorable environments and away from harmful ones.
5. Chemotaxis: Bacteria can sense and respond to chemical gradients in their environment, allowing them to move towards attractants and away from repellents.
6. Quorum sensing: Bacteria can communicate with each other using signaling molecules called autoinducers. When the concentration of autoinducers reaches a certain threshold, the bacteria can coordinate their behavior, such as initiating biofilm formation or producing virulence factors.
7. Sporulation: Some bacteria can form spores, which are highly resistant to heat, radiation, and chemicals. Spores can remain dormant for long periods of time and germinate when conditions are favorable.
8. Biofilm formation: Bacteria can form complex communities called biofilms, which are composed of cells embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms can provide protection from environmental stressors and host immune responses.
9. Cell division: Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This process is regulated by various cell cycle checkpoints and can be influenced by environmental factors such as nutrient availability.

Cardiovascular physiological phenomena refer to the various functions and processes that occur within the cardiovascular system, which includes the heart and blood vessels. These phenomena are responsible for the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and other essential molecules to tissues throughout the body, as well as the removal of waste products and carbon dioxide.

Some examples of cardiovascular physiological phenomena include:

1. Heart rate and rhythm: The heart's ability to contract regularly and coordinate its contractions with the body's needs for oxygen and nutrients.
2. Blood pressure: The force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels, which is determined by the amount of blood pumped by the heart and the resistance of the blood vessels.
3. Cardiac output: The volume of blood that the heart pumps in one minute, calculated as the product of stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped per beat) and heart rate.
4. Blood flow: The movement of blood through the circulatory system, which is influenced by factors such as blood pressure, vessel diameter, and blood viscosity.
5. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation: The narrowing or widening of blood vessels in response to various stimuli, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and changes in temperature or oxygen levels.
6. Autoregulation: The ability of blood vessels to maintain a constant blood flow to tissues despite changes in perfusion pressure.
7. Blood clotting: The process by which the body forms a clot to stop bleeding after an injury, which involves the activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade.
8. Endothelial function: The ability of the endothelium (the lining of blood vessels) to regulate vascular tone, inflammation, and thrombosis.
9. Myocardial contractility: The strength of heart muscle contractions, which is influenced by factors such as calcium levels, neurotransmitters, and hormones.
10. Electrophysiology: The study of the electrical properties of the heart, including the conduction system that allows for the coordinated contraction of heart muscle.

Ocular dominance refers to the preference of one eye over the other in terms of visual perception and processing. In other words, it is the tendency for an individual to rely more heavily on the input from one particular eye when interpreting visual information. This can have implications in various visual tasks such as depth perception, aiming, and targeting.

Ocular dominance can be determined through a variety of tests, including the Miles test, the Porta test, or simply by observing which eye a person uses to align a visual target. It is important to note that ocular dominance does not necessarily indicate any sort of visual impairment or deficit; rather, it is a normal variation in the way that visual information is processed by the brain.

Ocular albinism is a type of albinism that primarily affects the eyes. It is a genetic disorder characterized by the reduction or absence of melanin, the pigment responsible for coloring the skin, hair, and eyes. In ocular albinism, melanin production is deficient in the eyes, leading to various eye abnormalities.

The main features of ocular albinism include:

1. Nystagmus: Rapid, involuntary back-and-forth movement of the eyes.
2. Iris transillumination: The iris appears translucent due to the lack of pigment, allowing light to pass through easily. This can be observed using a light source shone into the eye.
3. Foveal hypoplasia: Underdevelopment or absence of the fovea, a small pit in the retina responsible for sharp, central vision.
4. Photophobia: Increased sensitivity to light due to the lack of pigment in the eyes.
5. Strabismus: Misalignment of the eyes, which can result in double vision or lazy eye.
6. Reduced visual acuity: Decreased ability to see clearly, even with corrective lenses.

Ocular albinism is typically inherited as an X-linked recessive trait, meaning it primarily affects males, while females can be carriers of the condition. However, there are also autosomal recessive forms of ocular albinism that can affect both males and females equally. Treatment for ocular albinism usually involves managing symptoms with corrective lenses, low-vision aids, and vision therapy to improve visual skills.

Maternal nutritional physiological phenomena refer to the various changes and processes that occur in a woman's body during pregnancy, lactation, and postpartum periods to meet the increased nutritional demands and support the growth and development of the fetus or infant. These phenomena involve complex interactions between maternal nutrition, hormonal regulation, metabolism, and physiological functions to ensure optimal pregnancy outcomes and offspring health.

Examples of maternal nutritional physiological phenomena include:

1. Adaptations in maternal nutrient metabolism: During pregnancy, the mother's body undergoes various adaptations to increase the availability of essential nutrients for fetal growth and development. For instance, there are increased absorption and utilization of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, as well as enhanced storage of glycogen and lipids in maternal tissues.
2. Placental transfer of nutrients: The placenta plays a crucial role in facilitating the exchange of nutrients between the mother and fetus. It selectively transports essential nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals from the maternal circulation to the fetal compartment while removing waste products.
3. Maternal weight gain: Pregnant women typically experience an increase in body weight due to the growth of the fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid, and maternal tissues such as the uterus and breasts. Adequate gestational weight gain is essential for ensuring optimal pregnancy outcomes and reducing the risk of adverse perinatal complications.
4. Changes in maternal hormonal regulation: Pregnancy is associated with significant changes in hormonal profiles, including increased levels of estrogen, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and other hormones that regulate various physiological functions such as glucose metabolism, appetite regulation, and maternal-fetal immune tolerance.
5. Lactation: Following childbirth, the mother's body undergoes further adaptations to support lactation and breastfeeding. This involves the production and secretion of milk, which contains essential nutrients and bioactive components that promote infant growth, development, and immunity.
6. Nutrient requirements: Pregnancy and lactation increase women's nutritional demands for various micronutrients such as iron, calcium, folate, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids. Meeting these increased nutritional needs is crucial for ensuring optimal pregnancy outcomes and supporting maternal health during the postpartum period.

Understanding these physiological adaptations and their implications for maternal and fetal health is essential for developing evidence-based interventions to promote positive pregnancy outcomes, reduce the risk of adverse perinatal complications, and support women's health throughout the reproductive lifespan.

Ocular tonometry is a medical test used to measure the pressure inside the eye, also known as intraocular pressure (IOP). This test is an essential part of diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that can cause vision loss and blindness due to damage to the optic nerve from high IOP.

The most common method of ocular tonometry involves using a tonometer device that gently touches the front surface of the eye (cornea) with a small probe or prism. The device measures the amount of force required to flatten the cornea slightly, which correlates with the pressure inside the eye. Other methods of ocular tonometry include applanation tonometry, which uses a small amount of fluorescein dye and a blue light to measure the IOP, and rebound tonometry, which uses a lightweight probe that briefly touches the cornea and then bounces back to determine the IOP.

Regular ocular tonometry is important for detecting glaucoma early and preventing vision loss. It is typically performed during routine eye exams and may be recommended more frequently for individuals at higher risk of developing glaucoma, such as those with a family history of the condition or certain medical conditions like diabetes.

Ocular refraction is a medical term that refers to the bending of light as it passes through the optical media of the eye, including the cornea and lens. This process allows the eye to focus light onto the retina, creating a clear image. The refractive power of the eye is determined by the curvature and transparency of these structures.

In a normal eye, light rays are bent or refracted in such a way that they converge at a single point on the retina, producing a sharp and focused image. However, if the curvature of the cornea or lens is too steep or too flat, the light rays may not converge properly, resulting in a refractive error such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), or astigmatism.

Ocular refraction can be measured using a variety of techniques, including retinoscopy, automated refraction, and subjective refraction. These measurements are used to determine the appropriate prescription for corrective lenses such as eyeglasses or contact lenses. In some cases, ocular refractive errors may be corrected surgically through procedures such as LASIK or PRK.

Eye neoplasms, also known as ocular tumors or eye cancer, refer to abnormal growths of tissue in the eye. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Eye neoplasms can develop in various parts of the eye, including the eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, and optic nerve.

Benign eye neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, or a noticeable mass in the eye. Treatment options for benign eye neoplasms include monitoring, surgical removal, or radiation therapy.

Malignant eye neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow and spread rapidly to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, floaters, or flashes of light. Treatment options for malignant eye neoplasms depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.

It is important to note that early detection and treatment of eye neoplasms can improve outcomes and prevent complications. Regular eye exams with an ophthalmologist are recommended for early detection and prevention of eye diseases, including eye neoplasms.

"Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is a broad term that refers to various physical and biological processes related to nutrition in children. While I couldn't find a precise medical definition for this specific phrase, I can provide you with some key physiological phenomena associated with child nutrition. These include:

1. Growth and Development: Proper nutrition is crucial for normal growth and development in children. Adequate intake of essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals supports physical growth, brain development, and overall well-being.
2. Digestion and Absorption: The gastrointestinal tract undergoes significant changes during childhood, affecting the ability to digest and absorb various nutrients. For example, lactase production decreases in some children after weaning, leading to lactose intolerance.
3. Energy Metabolism: Children have higher energy requirements per unit of body weight compared to adults due to their rapid growth and development. Proper nutrition ensures efficient energy metabolism and prevents issues like obesity or undernutrition.
4. Immune Function: Nutrition plays a vital role in supporting the immune system. Adequate intake of nutrients like vitamin C, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and protein helps maintain immune function and resistance to infections.
5. Micronutrient Deficiencies: Inadequate nutrition can lead to micronutrient deficiencies, which may impair children's growth, cognitive development, and overall health. Examples include iron deficiency anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine deficiency disorders.
6. Overnutrition and Obesity: Excessive energy intake, coupled with reduced physical activity, can lead to overweight and obesity in children. This increases the risk of developing non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer later in life.
7. Food Allergies and Intolerances: Children are more prone to food allergies and intolerances than adults. These can manifest as various symptoms, such as skin rashes, digestive issues, or respiratory problems, and may require dietary modifications.
8. Eating Behaviors and Preferences: Childhood is a critical period for shaping eating behaviors and food preferences. Exposure to a variety of healthy foods during this stage can help establish lifelong healthy eating habits.

Ocular motility disorders refer to a group of conditions that affect the movement of the eyes. These disorders can result from nerve damage, muscle dysfunction, or brain injuries. They can cause abnormal eye alignment, limited range of motion, and difficulty coordinating eye movements. Common symptoms include double vision, blurry vision, strabismus (crossed eyes), nystagmus (involuntary eye movement), and difficulty tracking moving objects. Ocular motility disorders can be congenital or acquired and may require medical intervention to correct or manage the condition.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is not a widely recognized or established medical term. It seems to be a very specific phrase that may refer to the physiological processes and phenomena related to nutrition.

Nutrition, in a medical context, refers to the process of providing or obtaining food necessary for health and growth. Physiological phenomena, on the other hand, refer to the functional manifestations of living organisms and their parts.

So, "Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" could hypothetically refer to the various physiological processes that occur in the body in relation to nutrition, such as digestion, absorption, metabolism, transportation, and storage of nutrients. However, I would recommend consulting the specific source or context where this term was used for a more accurate definition.

The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. It plays a crucial role in focusing vision. The cornea protects the eye from harmful particles and microorganisms, and it also serves as a barrier against UV light. Its transparency allows light to pass through and get focused onto the retina. The cornea does not contain blood vessels, so it relies on tears and the fluid inside the eye (aqueous humor) for nutrition and oxygen. Any damage or disease that affects its clarity and shape can significantly impact vision and potentially lead to blindness if left untreated.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is not a standard or widely recognized medical term. It seems to be a very specific phrase that may relate to various physiological processes and phenomena related to infant nutrition.

To try and provide some clarity, I can offer a brief explanation of the individual terms:

1. Infant: A young child, typically under one year of age.
2. Nutritional: Relating to food or nourishment, particularly in relation to energy and the balance of essential nutrients required for growth, repair, and maintenance of bodily functions.
3. Physiological: Describing processes and functions that occur within a living organism as part of normal bodily function, including biochemical reactions, organ function, and responses to environmental stimuli.
4. Phenomena: Observable events or occurrences.

So, "Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" could refer to observable events or processes related to an infant's nutrition and physiology. However, without further context, it is difficult to provide a more precise definition. Examples of such phenomena might include the development of feeding skills, growth patterns, or changes in metabolism related to dietary intake.

Eye injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the eye or its surrounding structures. These injuries can vary in severity and may include:

1. Corneal abrasions: A scratch or scrape on the clear surface of the eye (cornea).
2. Chemical burns: Occurs when chemicals come into contact with the eye, causing damage to the cornea and other structures.
3. Eyelid lacerations: Cuts or tears to the eyelid.
4. Subconjunctival hemorrhage: Bleeding under the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye.
5. Hyphema: Accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, which is the space between the cornea and iris.
6. Orbital fractures: Breaks in the bones surrounding the eye.
7. Retinal detachment: Separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
8. Traumatic uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, caused by trauma.
9. Optic nerve damage: Damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.

Eye injuries can result from a variety of causes, including accidents, sports-related injuries, violence, and chemical exposure. It is important to seek medical attention promptly for any suspected eye injury to prevent further damage and potential vision loss.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure within the eye, specifically within the anterior chamber, which is the space between the cornea and the iris. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). The aqueous humor, a clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber, is constantly produced and drained, maintaining a balance that determines the IOP. Normal IOP ranges from 10-21 mmHg, with average values around 15-16 mmHg. Elevated IOP is a key risk factor for glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated promptly and effectively. Regular monitoring of IOP is essential in diagnosing and managing glaucoma and other ocular health issues.

Ocular tuberculosis (OTB) is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which results from the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria outside the lungs. In ocular tuberculosis, these bacteria primarily affect the eye and its surrounding structures.

The most common form of OTB is tubercular uveitis, which involves inflammation of the uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, and choroid). Other forms of OTB include:

* Tubercular conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane that covers the front part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids.
* Tubercular keratitis: Inflammation of the cornea, the transparent outer layer at the front of the eye.
* Tubercular scleritis: Inflammation of the sclera, the white protective coating of the eye.
* Tubercular episcleritis: Inflammation of the episclera, a thin layer of tissue between the conjunctiva and sclera.
* Tubercular dacryoadenitis: Inflammation of the lacrimal gland, which produces tears.
* Tubercular optic neuritis: Inflammation of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.

Diagnosis of OTB can be challenging due to its varied clinical presentations and the need for laboratory confirmation. A definitive diagnosis typically requires the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from ocular tissues or fluids, which may involve invasive procedures. In some cases, a presumptive diagnosis might be made based on clinical findings, epidemiological data, and response to anti-tuberculous therapy.

Treatment for OTB usually involves a standard anti-tuberculosis regimen consisting of multiple drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide) for at least six months. Corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents might be used concomitantly to manage inflammation and prevent tissue damage. Close monitoring is essential to ensure treatment adherence, assess response to therapy, and detect potential side effects.

In medical terms, "tears" are a clear, salty liquid that is produced by the tear glands (lacrimal glands) in our eyes. They serve to keep the eyes moist, protect against dust and other foreign particles, and help to provide clear vision by maintaining a smooth surface on the front of the eye. Tears consist of water, oil, and mucus, which help to prevent evaporation and ensure that the tears spread evenly across the surface of the eye. Emotional or reflexive responses, such as crying or yawning, can also stimulate the production of tears.

Ophthalmic solutions are sterile, single-use or multi-dose preparations in a liquid form that are intended for topical administration to the eye. These solutions can contain various types of medications, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, antihistamines, or lubricants, which are used to treat or prevent ocular diseases and conditions.

The pH and osmolarity of ophthalmic solutions are carefully controlled to match the physiological environment of the eye and minimize any potential discomfort or irritation. The solutions may be packaged in various forms, including drops, sprays, or irrigations, depending on the intended use and administration route.

It is important to follow the instructions for use provided by a healthcare professional when administering ophthalmic solutions, as improper use can lead to eye injury or reduced effectiveness of the medication.

... and ocular physiology G12 - chemical and pharmacologic phenomena G13 - genetic phenomena G14 - genetic structures H - Physical ... cell phenomena, and immunity G05 - genetic processes G06 - biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition G07 - physiological ... psychological phenomena and processes F03 - mental disorders F04 - behavioral disciplines and activities G - Biological ... Sciences G01 - biological sciences G02 - health occupations G03 - environment and public health G04 - biological phenomena, ...
Braid however criticizes Bertrand for explaining the magnetic phenomenon as caused by a mental state, the power of imagination ... whereas he explains them as being due to a physiological cause, the tiredness of the nerve centers related to a paralysis of ... the ocular apparatus. His contribution consists above all of proposing a new method of fascination based on concentrating on a ... and in 1842 the Academy of Sciences decided to stop investigating magnetic phenomenon. That did not prevent a great number of ...
Tear break-up time and ocular protection index assessment can be done to reveal dry eye. Exophthalmometry can be used to ... Physiological inability to close the eyelids during sleep (nocturnal lagophthalmos) may also cause exposure keratopathy. ... A weak bell phenomenon may result in exposure keratopathy after ptosis surgery. Postoperative lagophthalmos following ... It may occur secondary to ocular surgeries like blepharoplasty, ptosis surgery etc. also. Lagophthalmos, the inability to close ...
Braid, J., "The Power of the Mind over the Body: An Experimental Inquiry into the nature and cause of the Phenomena attributed ... He postulated that "protracted ocular fixation" fatigued certain parts of the brain and caused a trance - a "nervous sleep" or ... Braid ascribed the "mesmeric trance" to a physiological process resulting from prolonged attention to a bright moving object or ... As he later wrote, Inasmuch as patients can throw themselves into the nervous sleep, and manifest all the usual phenomena of ...
Smith, George (1982). "Ocular defocus, spurious resolution and contrast reversal". Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 2 (1): ... Spurious resolution appears similar to aliasing, but it is a purely optical phenomenon, so it occurs without need of pixels.) ... Under optical blur from defocus, a Siemens star (like any periodic pattern) gives rise to the phenomenon of spurious resolution ...
This phenomenon has been attributed in part to foveal sparing in macular degeneration. The research done by Sarna's team proved ... This is the physiological purpose of sun tanning. Dark-skinned people, who produce more skin-protecting eumelanin, have a ... Further, the ocular lens yellows with age, providing added protection. However, the lens also becomes more rigid with age, ... Ocular albinism affects not only eye pigmentation but visual acuity, as well. People with albinism typically test poorly, ...
A polemic between the two followed over whether this phenomenon was a symptom of what was then called "pseudo-leukemia" (Pel) ... In 1880, Pel was appointed Lecturer in Contagious Diseases and Physiological Diagnostics. In 1883 he became a full Professor of ... "tabetic ocular crisis". Pel shared the opinion of Sir William Osler, a contemporary of his, that the way to teach and train new ... or that of a separate disease (Ebstein). Pel also discovered what came to be called "Pel's crisis," defined as "Ocular crises ...
Since then, contactless physiological monitoring has been finding an increasing number of applications in personal health ... Pavlidis placed emphasis on modeling and validating the phenomenon itself in his first paper on the matter. After he documented ... This finding linked errant human communication with unnecessary ocular activation - a bio-evolutionary remnant of `fight or ... in their 2010 article in Optics Express credit Pavlidis as the "first who postulated the idea of performing physiological ...
... anatomical and/or physiological explanation behind the phenomena. For example, in 1958 Dutch art historian De Wilde noted that ... This induced ocular disparity makes blue rays appear to come from a more distant source than red rays. Chromostereopsis may ... However, under monocular vision, this phenomenon is not observed. However, Bruecke objected to Einthoven's theory on grounds ... While a lot of physiological mechanisms that cause chromostereopsis have been discovered and researched, there are still ...
Visual sensitivity to differences in the relative size of the ocular images of the two eyes. Archives of Ophthalmology, 7(6), ... Solomons H (1975). "Derivation of the space horopter". The British journal of physiological optics. 30 (2-4): 56-80. PMID ... On Some Remarkable, and Hitherto Unobserved, Phenomena of Binocular Vision". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of ... Solomons H (1975). "Properties of the space horopter". The British journal of physiological optics. 30 (2-4): 81-100. PMID ...
This phenomenon has been observed in several species, with the most prominent examples including the ingestion of whole leaves ... Physiological and behavioral changes during reproduction are known to influence the immune system. Trade-offs occur between ... Stress have been shown to increase ocular shedding of HSV-1 shedding in mice and nasal shedding in bovids. In humans, stress is ... French SS, Dearing MD, Demas GE (October 2011). "Leptin as a physiological mediator of energetic trade-offs in ecoimmunology: ...
An integrated physiological risk model with blink frequency, destabilization, and break-up of the eye tear film as inseparable ... This phenomenon indicates that perceived eye irritation is associated with an increase in blink frequency since the cornea and ... Certain ocular diseases can come from sexually transmitted diseases such as herpes and genital warts. If contact between the ... phenomena may explain eye irritation among office workers in terms of occupational, climate, and eye-related physiological risk ...
Niedermeyer E (June 1997). "Alpha rhythms as physiological and abnormal phenomena". International Journal of Psychophysiology. ... Ocular artifacts affect the EEG signal significantly. This is due to eye movements involving a change in electric fields ... A difference of opinion exists among researchers, with some arguing ocular artifacts are, or may be reasonably described as a ... Yao D (November 2001). "A method to standardize a reference of scalp EEG recordings to a point at infinity". Physiological ...
This makes them an excellent model organism to study developmental and evolutionary phenomena. Young chameleons have a ... The veiled chameleon, like many reptiles, is susceptible to ocular infections. Similar subcutaneous swellings can be associated ... chameleons useful in providing information to study the molecular interaction at the tooth-bone interface in physiological and ...
Physiological nystagmus is a form of involuntary eye movement that is part of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), characterized ... Multiple sclerosis Optic nerve hypoplasia Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease Superior canal dehiscence syndrome Tullio phenomenon ... The direction of ocular movement is related to the semicircular canal that is being stimulated. There are two key forms of ... doi:10.1016/B978-1-4377-1397-8.00008-3. ISBN 978-1-4377-1397-8. Simón, V.; Bartual, J.; Llopis, M. (1975). "Physiological ...
Certain slight physiological deviations from Listing's rule are commonly described in terms of the "shape" and "thickness" of ... Note that this is not the same description of ocular torsion as rotation around the line of sight: whereas movements that start ... In the 1990s there was considerable debate about whether Listing's law is a neural or mechanical phenomenon. However, the ... either due to the Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) or the optokinetic reflex. Here the eye simply rotates about approximately the ...
The majority of current data comes from missions of short duration and so some of the long-term physiological effects of living ... Another effect is known as cosmic ray visual phenomena. [a] NASA survey of 300 male and female astronauts, about 23 percent of ... Long spaceflights can also alter a space traveler's eye movements (particularly the vestibulo-ocular reflex). Because ... To prevent some of these adverse physiological effects, the ISS is equipped with two treadmills (including the COLBERT), and ...
This phenomenon is supported by studies showing that if two stimuli are simultaneously applied to both sides of the body, the ... A patient is unable to coordinate ocular movement. A patient is unable to see objects on the left peripheral field. According ... In research by Denny-Brown and Banker, a disturbance in the physiological process of perceiving somatic sensations was termed ... This phenomenon is not observed in patients with complete extinction in which there is extensive damage to the parietal lobe, ...
It is not certain as to which is really the actual physiological phenomenon in each case. However, both cases can be modeled ... patterns of ocular dominance, and connection between nerve cell and muscle, and retinotopic maps. Carreira-Perpinan, M. A. & ... Another phenomenon of spike train generation happens in Type II neurons, where firing occurs at the resting potential threshold ...
He continued his education at the University of Michigan, receiving a Ph.D. in physiological psychology in 1952. Following a ... The deoxyglucose studies also provided illustrations of previously known retinotopic organization and ocular dominance columns ... to explain a number of psychophysical phenomena in pattern perception. De Valois, consistent with his conviction that ... English translation: (1924) Handhook of Physiological Optics (translated by Southall, J. P. C.). Rochester, N Y.: Optical ...
The act of crying has been defined as "a complex secretomotor phenomenon characterized by the shedding of tears from the ... William James thought of emotions as reflexes prior to rational thought, believing that the physiological response, as if to ... lacrimal apparatus, without any irritation of the ocular structures", instead, giving a relief which protects from ...
Kromeier M, Heinrich SP, Bach M, Kommerell G (January 2006). "Ocular prevalence and stereoacuity". Ophthalmic & Physiological ... as lateral phenomena. Approximately 70% of the population are right-eye dominant and 29% left-eye dominant. Dominance does ... Ocular dominance, sometimes called eye preference or eyedness, is the tendency to prefer visual input from one eye to the other ... Ocular dominance column Right- and left-hand traffic Chaurasia BD, Mathur BB (1976). "Eyedness". Acta Anatomica. 96 (2): 301-5 ...
This phenomenon of activity-dependent competition is especially seen in the formation of ocular dominance columns within the ... Physiological changes in the brain are also conceivable causes for the terminus of the critical period for language acquisition ... The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is a reflex eye movement that stabilizes images on the retina during head movement. It ... As the first moving object they encountered, Lorenz studied the phenomenon in how quickly the geese were able to form such an ...
They also underlie the phenomenon of tickling. A motor signal from the central nervous system (CNS) to the periphery is called ... ISBN 978-0-470-26912-1. Miall, R.C.; Wolpert D. M. (1996). "Forward Models for Physiological Motor Control". Neural Networks. 9 ... efference copy has an important role in maintaining gaze stability with active head movement by augmenting the vestibulo-ocular ... Essays in the History of Physiological Sciences: Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the University Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, on ...
While pain perception is a complex phenomenon involving multiple causes and multiple receptors including EP2, EP1, LTB4, ... Narumiya S, Sugimoto Y, Ushikubi F (1999). "Prostanoid receptors: structures, properties, and functions". Physiological Reviews ... "Ocular Hypotensive Effect of ONO-9054, an EP3/FP Receptor Agonist: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Dose Escalation ... is in phase 1 clinical trial studies for the treatment of ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma. DG-041, a highly ...
Species with tetrachromatic color vision may have an unknown physiological advantage over rival species. Apes (including humans ... The biological basis for this phenomenon is X-inactivation of heterozygotic alleles for retinal pigment genes, which is the ... cone oil droplets and ocular media in four species of estrildid finch". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 186 (7-8): 681-694 ...
... a severe intra-ocular pressure increase. This is done via suction from the irrigation-aspiration instrument and replacement by ... Undesirable optical phenomena reported by the patient due to any other cause. Statistically, cataract surgery and IOL ... posterior capsular cells usually undergo hyperplasia and cellular migration as part of a physiological change, showing up as a ... or associated ocular anomalies or systemic findings. In general, there is greater urgency to remove dense cataracts from very ...
Dennis P. Carmody and Michael Lewis studied this phenomenon in 2006 and found that brain regions respond to the person's name ... Hearing: An introduction to psychological and physiological acoustics. 2nd edition. New York and Basel: Marcel Dekker, Inc. ... and other factors relating to transmittance of the ocular media. The researchers estimated that 5 to 14 of the estimated 500 ... Hearing an Introduction to Psychological and Physiological Acoustics. Fourth edition. United States of America: Marcel Dekker ...
As a clinical scientist working in physiological sciences, he was foremost in the number of discoveries he made. He was also ... He conducted research into the circulation of the blood and phenomena of inflammation that was carried out on the frog's web ... In his experiments that he started in the autumn of 1856, Lister used a microscope fitted with ocular micrometer to measure the ... He was also awarded a gold medals in Structural and Physiological Botany. Lister obtained two of the four available gold medals ...
This phenomenon allows neural crest cells to funnel through the rostral portion of each somite. Semaphorin-neuropilin repulsive ... There are four different types of Waardenburg's syndrome, each with distinct genetic and physiological features. Types I and II ... tendons of ocular and masticatory muscles, connective tissue of head and neck glands (pituitary, salivary, lachrymal, thymus, ... This lack of innervation can lead to further physiological abnormalities like an enlarged colon (megacolon), obstruction of the ...
Ocular Physiological Phenomena - Eye Color PubMed MeSh Term *Overview. Overview. broader concept * Ocular Physiological ...
Ocular Physiological Phenomena * Refraction, Ocular / physiology * Sensory Deprivation / physiology* * Tilapia / anatomy & ...
Ocular Physiological Phenomena [G14]. *Lacrimal Elimination [G14.540]. Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is related to " ...
... and ocular physiology G12 - chemical and pharmacologic phenomena G13 - genetic phenomena G14 - genetic structures H - Physical ... cell phenomena, and immunity G05 - genetic processes G06 - biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition G07 - physiological ... psychological phenomena and processes F03 - mental disorders F04 - behavioral disciplines and activities G - Biological ... Sciences G01 - biological sciences G02 - health occupations G03 - environment and public health G04 - biological phenomena, ...
Exposure-assessment; Exposure-levels; Chemical-properties; Physiological-disorders; Physiological-factors; Physiological- ... Terms: eye injur* OR eye burn* OR eye disorder* OR eye irrita* OR eye protect* OR vision disorder* OR ocular* OR ... reviews practical means employed for assessing such phenomena, including psychophysical (e.g., threshold and suprathreshold ... This article (a) describes the basic anatomy and physiology of the human upper respiratory tract and ocular mucosae, (b) ...
Ocular Physiological Phenomena 100% * Terminology 61% * Anatomy 49% * Contact Lenses 47% * Tears 39% ... Carotenoids and ocular disease: a review. Bartlett, H. E. & Eperjesi, F., Nov 2004, In: Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech. 15, 6, p. ... Logan, N. S., Shah, P., Rudnicka, A. R., Gilmartin, B. & Owen, C. G., Sept 2011, In: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 31, 5 ... Strong, S., 1 Jan 2021, In: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 41, 1, p. 207-209 3 p.. Research output: Contribution to ...
Results of search for ccl=Local-classification:ww and su-to:Ocular Physiological Phenomena and au:Asbury, Taylor,. and ... Ocular Physiological Phenomena , therapy 24 cm. Date: 2004 Availability: Items available: بیمارستان امام خمینی [WW 100 V364 ... Ocular Physiological Phenomena , therapy Date: 2011 Availability: Items available: بیمارستان امام خمینی [WW 100 V364 2011] (1 ...
Ocular Physiological Phenomena , therapy 24 cm. Date: 2004 Availability: Items available: بیمارستان امام خمینی [WW 100 V364 ... Division, 2011 . xiii, 466 p. : , Eye Diseases , Ocular Physiology , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , therapy 24 cm. ... Division, 2011 . xiii, 466 p. : , Eye Diseases , Ocular Physiology , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , therapy 24 cm. ...
Ocular Physiological Phenomena. Subjects (LCSH). Eye--Physiology. Abstract. Drs. Paul L. Kaufman, Albert Alm, Leonard A Levin, ... Biochemical Phenomena. Genetic Phenomena. Specialty. Biochemistry. Format. e-Book. Publication Type. Examination Questions. ... Biochemical Phenomena - Atlases. Biochemistry - Atlases. Subjects (LCSH). Biochemical Phenomena - Atlases. Biochemistry - ... Biochemical Phenomena. Critical Care. Specialty. Anesthesiology. Biochemistry. Abstract. This book discusses and explains the ...
Ocular Physiological Phenomena [G14]. *Adaptation, Ocular [G14.020]. *Dark Adaptation [G14.020.371]. Below are MeSH descriptors ...
Ocular Physiological Phenomena [G14]. *Afterimage [G14.040]. Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is related to "Afterimage ...
Comparison of ocular comfort, vision, and SICS during silicone hydrogel contact lens daily wear. Diec, J., Evans, V. E., Tilia ... Contact lens deposits, adverse responses, and clinical ocular surface parameters. Zhao, Z., Naduvilath, T., Flanagan, J. L., ...
Ocular Physiological Phenomena [G14]. *Ocular Physiological Processes [G14.640]. *Eye Movements [G14.640.260] ... "Convergence, Ocular" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Convergence, Ocular" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Convergence, Ocular" by people in Profiles over the past ten years. ...
Ocular Physiological Phenomena [G14] * Adaptation, Ocular [G14.020] * Dark Adaptation [G14.020.371] Expand All Collapse All ... Adaptation, Ocular (1966-1967). Public MeSH Note. 72. History Note. 72(68). Date Established. 1972/01/01. Date of Entry. 1999/ ...
Ocular Physiological Phenomena [G14]. *Flicker Fusion [G14.370]. Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is related to " ...
Stefansson, E., Traustason, S., & Eysteinsson, T. (2006). An ocular physiological explanation for visual sensations in near- ... We propose that these phenomena may be explained by the different tissue pressures in the eye and brain, which influence the ... Stefansson, E., Traustason, S., & Eysteinsson, T. (2006). An ocular physiological explanation for visual sensations in near- ... Explanations of NDEs-Physiological, Neurological, Brain. Explanations of NDEs NOS. Mental Processes and NDEs. ...
Ocular Physiological Phenomena. Where to find it. *. Location. Status. Access. Closed stores ...
G14 - Ocular Physiological Phenomena. Color Vision. Visão de Cores. Visión de Colores. ... G13 - Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Fenômenos Fisiológicos do ... Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena. Neurogenesis. Neurogênese. Neurogénesis. Reproductive Physiological Phenomena ... Virus Physiological Processes. Processos Fisiológicos de Vírus. Procesos Fisiológicos Virales. G07 - Physiological Phenomena. ...
G14 - Ocular Physiological Phenomena. Color Vision. Visão de Cores. Visión de Colores. ... G13 - Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Fenômenos Fisiológicos do ... Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena. Neurogenesis. Neurogênese. Neurogénesis. Reproductive Physiological Phenomena ... Virus Physiological Processes. Processos Fisiológicos de Vírus. Procesos Fisiológicos Virales. G07 - Physiological Phenomena. ...
G14 - Ocular Physiological Phenomena. Color Vision. Visão de Cores. Visión de Colores. ... G13 - Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Fenômenos Fisiológicos do ... Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena. Neurogenesis. Neurogênese. Neurogénesis. Reproductive Physiological Phenomena ... Virus Physiological Processes. Processos Fisiológicos de Vírus. Procesos Fisiológicos Virales. G07 - Physiological Phenomena. ...
G14 - Ocular Physiological Phenomena. Color Vision. Visão de Cores. Visión de Colores. ... G13 - Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Fenômenos Fisiológicos do ... Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena. Neurogenesis. Neurogênese. Neurogénesis. Reproductive Physiological Phenomena ... Virus Physiological Processes. Processos Fisiológicos de Vírus. Procesos Fisiológicos Virales. G07 - Physiological Phenomena. ...
G14 - Ocular Physiological Phenomena. Color Vision. Visão de Cores. Visión de Colores. ... G13 - Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Fenômenos Fisiológicos do ... Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena. Neurogenesis. Neurogênese. Neurogénesis. Reproductive Physiological Phenomena ... Virus Physiological Processes. Processos Fisiológicos de Vírus. Procesos Fisiológicos Virales. G07 - Physiological Phenomena. ...
G14 - Ocular Physiological Phenomena. Color Vision. Visão de Cores. Visión de Colores. ... G13 - Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Fenômenos Fisiológicos do ... Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena. Neurogenesis. Neurogênese. Neurogénesis. Reproductive Physiological Phenomena ... Virus Physiological Processes. Processos Fisiológicos de Vírus. Procesos Fisiológicos Virales. G07 - Physiological Phenomena. ...
G14 - Ocular Physiological Phenomena. Color Vision. Visão de Cores. Visión de Colores. ... G13 - Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Fenômenos Fisiológicos do ... Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena. Neurogenesis. Neurogênese. Neurogénesis. Reproductive Physiological Phenomena ... Virus Physiological Processes. Processos Fisiológicos de Vírus. Procesos Fisiológicos Virales. G07 - Physiological Phenomena. ...
G14 - Ocular Physiological Phenomena. Color Vision. Visão de Cores. Visión de Colores. ... G13 - Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Fenômenos Fisiológicos do ... Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena. Neurogenesis. Neurogênese. Neurogénesis. Reproductive Physiological Phenomena ... Virus Physiological Processes. Processos Fisiológicos de Vírus. Procesos Fisiológicos Virales. G07 - Physiological Phenomena. ...
G14 - Ocular Physiological Phenomena. Color Vision. Visão de Cores. Visión de Colores. ... G13 - Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Fenômenos Fisiológicos do ... Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena. Neurogenesis. Neurogênese. Neurogénesis. Reproductive Physiological Phenomena ... Virus Physiological Processes. Processos Fisiológicos de Vírus. Procesos Fisiológicos Virales. G07 - Physiological Phenomena. ...
G14 - Ocular Physiological Phenomena. Color Vision. Visão de Cores. Visión de Colores. ... G13 - Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Fenômenos Fisiológicos do ... Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena. Neurogenesis. Neurogênese. Neurogénesis. Reproductive Physiological Phenomena ... Virus Physiological Processes. Processos Fisiológicos de Vírus. Procesos Fisiológicos Virales. G07 - Physiological Phenomena. ...
G14 - Ocular Physiological Phenomena. Color Vision. Visão de Cores. Visión de Colores. ... G13 - Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena. Fenômenos Fisiológicos do ... Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena. Neurogenesis. Neurogênese. Neurogénesis. Reproductive Physiological Phenomena ... Virus Physiological Processes. Processos Fisiológicos de Vírus. Procesos Fisiológicos Virales. G07 - Physiological Phenomena. ...
These programs focus on the scientific study of vision, visual processes, and related phenomena and clinical research and ... They include courses in ocular anatomy and physiology, microbiology of the eye, electrophysiology, neurophysiology, corneal ... ocular development across the lifespan, visual stimuli and perception, colour vision, eye motility, biometrics and measurement ... Vision Science/Physiological Optics. 26.0909. University Program. ...
Physiological basis of nystagmus  Visual fixation  Vestibulo-ocular reflex  Neural integrator - cerebellum, ascending ... Oculocephalic reflex (Dolls head phenomenon, Dolls manoevre) Dolls head phenomenon •In comatose or severely lethargic ... Vestibulo-ocular reflex  The is an important mechanism by which unblurred vision is made possible during the head movements ... a form of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, is tested by holding the eyes open and rotating the head from side to side or up and ...
  • These programs focus on the scientific study of vision, visual processes, and related phenomena and clinical research and treatment modalities. (novascotia.ca)
  • Of special note are developments for 2009 MeSH related to fungi, to processes and phenomena, and to disciplines and occupations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Category G (Biological Sciences) was renamed Phenomena and Processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • To address this situation, 'Phenomena and Processes' and 'Disciplines and Occupations' were separated into different tree categories. (bvsalud.org)
  • Further division follows under processes or other observable properties, qualities, and measurable phenomena. (bvsalud.org)
  • This approach provides a reproducible, logical framework for expanding the MeSH vocabulary in the category of Phenomena and Processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Microbiological Phenomena" by people in Profiles. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Under these conditions, physiological adaptation becomes more and more complex. (occe.eu)
  • Maintenance of the ocular surface is dependent on the complex interplay of the lids, lacrimal gland, tear film, conjunctiva, cornea, and neural network. (touchophthalmology.com)
  • Three mechanisms are involved in maintaining foveal centration of an object of interest: fixation, the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and the neural integrator (which allows for gaze holding in extreme, or eccentric, eye positions). (medscape.com)
  • The vestibulo-ocular reflex is a complex system of neural interconnections that maintains foveation of an object during changes in head position. (medscape.com)
  • A disorder affecting any of the three components involved in maintaining the steady positioning of the eyes (ie, visual fixation, the vestibulo-ocular reflex or the neural integrator) may result in nystagmus. (medscape.com)
  • Like Donders, he found the image obtained by the ordinary methods on the front of the lens very unsatisfactory, and in his "Handbook of Physiological Optics" he describes it as being "usually so blurred that the form of the flame cannot be definitely distinguished. (iblindness.org)
  • Drug delivery to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye is impeded by anatomical and physiological barriers. (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • Increasingly, the bioeffects produced by ultrasound are being proven effective for mitigating the impact of these barriers on ocular drug delivery, though there does not appear to be a consensus on the most appropriate system configuration and operating parameters for this application. (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • an overview of common ocular drug administration routes and the associated ocular barriers is also given before reviewing the current state of the art of ultrasound-mediated ocular drug delivery and its potential future directions. (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • Despite being the most common route of ophthalmic drug administration, eye drops are associated with compliance issues, drug wastage by lacrimation, and low bioavailability due to the ocular barriers. (mdpi.com)
  • Assessment of upper respiratory tract and ocular irrita tive effects of volatile chemicals in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Accurate assessment of upper respiratory tract and ocular irrita tion is critical for identifying and remedying problems related to overexposure to volatile chemicals, as well as for establishing parameters of irrita tion useful for regulatory purposes. (cdc.gov)
  • This gas attacks the ocular and respiratory mucous membranes. (occe.eu)
  • Multiple attempts to quantify pain objectively using single measures of physiological body responses have been performed in the past, but the variability across participants reduces the usefulness of such methods. (bvsalud.org)
  • Different sensors measured physiological responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, the study's findings indicate that differences in physiological responses to pain in HS and CBPP remain small. (bvsalud.org)
  • Many descriptors involving concepts related to phenomena, being of interest to more than one discipline, were placed in more than one Tree location. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this major rearrangement of the G and H hierarchies, descriptors for phenomenon or process concepts in the H01 tree were moved to a G category tree. (bvsalud.org)
  • Progressive division involves separation of the phenomena into structures or objects in the case of those not represented by anatomical structures in the A category, organisms in the B category, or chemical substances in the D category. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nystagmus is defined as the involuntary, periodic rhythmic ocular oscillation of the eyes that can either be physiologic (may not affect vision) or pathologic. (medscape.com)
  • One year crewmembers Kelly and Kornienko completed vision and tonometry tests and took blood pressure measurements as part of their Flight Day 270 Ocular Health testing. (nasa.gov)
  • Although the exact mechanism of action is unclear, AM demonstrates physiological properties that promote epithelial and stromal wound healing while suppressing inflammation, fibrosis, and vascularization. (touchophthalmology.com)
  • Some believed that the contractive power of the pupil was sufficient to account for the phenomenon, until the fact was established, by the operation for the removal of the iris, that the eye accommodated perfectly without this part of the visual mechanism. (iblindness.org)
  • Many forms of acquired nystagmus may also be caused by disruptions of visual fixation, the vestibulo-ocular reflex and the mechanism that makes it possible to hold the gaze at eccentric eye positions. (medscape.com)
  • The previous (pre-2009) organization was established in 1975 and non-biological phenomena and techniques were organized within broad disciplines named by a descriptor in the H Tree category of Natural Sciences. (bvsalud.org)
  • Phenomena, Related techniques, and similar descriptors were arranged side by side with subdisciplines. (bvsalud.org)
  • An ocular physiological explanation for visual sensations in near-death experiences Journal of Near-Death Studies , 25(2) 109-120. (iands.org)
  • Although multifactorial in etiology, severe ocular surface disorders (OSDs) commonly result in progressive inflammation, vascularization, scarring, and/or loss of visual function, often refractory to conservative medical therapy. (touchophthalmology.com)
  • The Ocular Health protocol calls for a systematic gathering of physiological data to characterize the risks of microgravity-induced visual impairment and increased intracranial pressure in ISS crewmembers. (nasa.gov)
  • The increase of public awareness on ocular conditions leads to an early diagnosis and treatment, as well as an increased demand for more effective and minimally invasive solutions for the treatment of both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. (mdpi.com)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Convergence, Ocular" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Convergence, Ocular" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uams.edu)
  • Discuss/review current knowledge about the physiological fate of small fibers when they enter the body. (cdc.gov)
  • Convergence, Ocular" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uams.edu)
  • Increasing temperature increases the frequency of phenomena such as heatwaves and droughts that have direct effects on human health. (occe.eu)
  • CN can also occur without central or ocular nervous system abnormalities (idiopathic CN). (medscape.com)
  • Cell Physiological Phenomena" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cell Physiological Phenomena" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cell Physiological Phenomena" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (rush.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Cell Physiological Phenomena" by people in Profiles. (rush.edu)
  • A battery of three bedside tests of ocular motor physiology known as HINTS (head impulse, nystagmus, test of skew) has been shown to identify acute strokes more accurately than even magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging (MRI-DWI) when applied in the early acute period by eye-movement specialists. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • He also developed "spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome," or SANS-a condition that involves changes to his eyes, and for which the cause is poorly understood. (scientificamerican.com)
  • NASA has studied the phenomenon, known as space flight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), for several years, and now a University of Houston optometrist has quantified some of the changes using optical coherence tomography imaging, reporting his findings in JAMA Ophthalmology. (uh.edu)
  • Physiological processes and properties of the DENTITION. (lookformedical.com)
  • Physiological processes, factors, properties and characteristics pertaining to REPRODUCTION. (lookformedical.com)
  • Physiological processes and properties of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts. (lookformedical.com)
  • The physiological processes, properties, and states characteristic of plants. (lookformedical.com)
  • For nearly two years both brothers provided urine, stool and blood samples, which researchers used for 10 separate investigations involving the molecular, physiological and cognitive effects of long-term spaceflight. (scientificamerican.com)
  • The results of these investigations suggest that, although there may be resolution of structural changes, there could be long-term ocular anatomical changes after extended-duration spaceflight," said Patel. (uh.edu)
  • Patel is also co-investigator with Brandon Macias, senior scientist at KBR Wyle, on the Ocular Health ISS Study involving one-year mission crew members, to determine how fast these ocular changes develop during spaceflight and how long it takes for patients to recover. (uh.edu)
  • Lawrence DeLucas, now a principal scientist at the Aerospace Corporation, came to UND campus on Monday for tours, interactions with students and an evening presentation on the physiological effects of long-duration spaceflight. (und.edu)
  • DeLucas, who holds degrees in biochemistry, optometry, optics and crystallography, came to campus to discuss "Human Factors and Physiological Effects of Long-duration Spaceflight. (und.edu)
  • Sleep in healthy individuals provides such a rare setting where consciousness level can be inferred via well-known physiological and electrophysiological observations. (epfl.ch)
  • Assessment of upper respiratory tract and ocular irritative effects of volatile chemicals in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • These barriers prevent the drug from reaching the lesions in the posterior segment of the eye and limit the efficacy of drugs for treating the ocular posterior segment eye diseases (AMD). (hindawi.com)
  • They all experienced an immediate relief of symptoms from conditions usually considered to be strictly physiological (and in no way functional) in nature, once their habitual lenses were removed and replaced with those derived from a behavioral perspective. (imatrix.com)
  • In addition, we identified that the use of behavioral and physiological data in virtual environments (VEs) has dramatically increased in recent studies. (jmir.org)
  • This was reflected in the results: researchers found Kelly was consistently mildly dehydrated, a common phenomenon among astronauts on long-term missions-and scientists do in fact attribute this to astronauts' annoyance with the complicated onboard lavatory. (scientificamerican.com)
  • My hope is one day we can use some of these algorithms we've built on patient care," noting how important NASA astronauts are in helping understand physiological changes. (uh.edu)
  • We should be aware that many conditions appearing on the surface to be simply physiological in nature may in fact be the result of functional vision deficits. (imatrix.com)
  • Our data do not support the premise that interocular differences in refractive error or other clinical characteristics induce the Pulfrich phenomenon. (psych.ac.cn)
  • These fibrillary molecules are subject to oxidative and enzymatic degradation and, with aging or due to oxidative phenomena, the vitreous body can undergo degeneration. (pizetapharma.com)
  • Our model comprises human cells and provides unique capabilities to replicate multiscale structural organization, biological phenotypes and dynamically regulated environmental homeostasis of the human ocular surface. (nih.gov)
  • Mediators and mechanisms of herpes simplex virus entry into ocular cells. (uchicago.edu)
  • This chapter summarizes reported RF effects on major physiological systems and provides estimates of the threshold specific absorption rates (SARs) required to produce such effects. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Although the chief clinical use of EEG is in epilepsy [ 5 ], recording brain activity in respect of partial and generalized seizures, for this paper I look elsewhere: at the phenomenon of the EEG arousal. (scitechnol.com)
  • Measurements taken using these instruments as well as systematic observational methods leave no doubt that physiological changes do emerge when one personality changes to another. (physicsandgod.com)
  • Multiscale reverse engineering of the human ocular surface. (nih.gov)
  • Here we present a miniaturized analog of a blinking human eye to reverse engineer the complexity of the interface between the ocular system and the external environment. (nih.gov)
  • This work advances our ability to emulate how human physiological systems interface with the external world, and may contribute to the future development of novel screening platforms for biopharmaceutical and environmental applications. (nih.gov)
  • In conclusion, the seemingly mundane act of blinking is a remarkable physiological phenomenon that exemplifies the intricate dance between human biology and functionality. (kaskadeatmosphere.com)
  • Ocular dominance can be modified by visual input and NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS. (ouhsc.edu)
  • A program that focuses on the scientific relationship of physiological function to the structure and actions of macromolecules and supramolecular assemblies such as multienzyme complexes, membranes, and viruses. (graduateschooltuition.com)
  • Due to the special physiological structure and pathogenesis of the eye, there is no clear treatment method and ideal drug treatment for dry-AMD treatment. (hindawi.com)
  • Discuss/review current knowledge about the physiological fate of small fibers when they enter the body. (cdc.gov)