Octreotide
Receptors, Somatostatin
Gastrointestinal Agents
Somatostatin
Acromegaly
Pentetic Acid
Indium Radioisotopes
Carcinoid Tumor
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome
Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma
Pituitary Neoplasms
Hormones
Delayed-Action Preparations
Human Growth Hormone
Gallbladder Emptying
Injections, Subcutaneous
Antidiarrheals
Gigantism
Radiopharmaceuticals
Lymphangiectasis, Intestinal
Angiodysplasia
Carcinoma, Islet Cell
Pancreatic Neoplasms
The somatostatin analog octreotide inhibits growth of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent and IL-6-independent human multiple myeloma cell lines. (1/953)
Somatostatin and its analogs can inhibit growth in several cell types, in part by interfering with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling. Our previous studies point to the importance of paracrine and autocrine IGF-I in the support of growth and survival of human multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines. In this report, we have investigated the potential role of a somatostatin analog, octreotide, in regulating growth and/or survival in MM. The results show that all MM cell lines express functional somatostatin receptors (sst). The MM cell lines express the subtypes sst2, sst3, and predominantly sst5 as determined by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Octreotide inhibited the growth of both the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent and the IL-6-independent MM cell lines. The effect is mainly cytostatic, resulting in 25% to 45% growth inhibition, and in three of eight of the MM cell lines a weak induction of apoptosis was recorded. Our results also show that octreotide may act as an inducer of apoptosis in primary B-B4(+) plasma cells isolated from bone marrow of MM patients. In conclusion, the results show a novel pathway for growth inhibition of MM cells: the activation of somatostatin receptor signaling. (+info)In vivo localization of [(111)In]-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide to human ovarian tumor xenografts induced to express the somatostatin receptor subtype 2 using an adenoviral vector. (2/953)
Adenoviral vectors, encoding genes for cell surface antigens or receptors, have been used to induce their high level expression on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. These induced antigens and receptors can then be targeted with radiolabeled antibodies or peptides for potential radiotherapeutic applications. The purpose of this study was to determine a dosing schema of an adenoviral vector encoding the human somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (AdCMVhSSTr2) for achieving the highest tumor localization of [(111)In]-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide, which binds to this receptor, in a human ovarian cancer model as a prelude to future therapy studies. AdCMVhSSTr2 was produced and used to induce hSSTr2 on A427 human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells and on SKOV3.ipl human ovarian cancer cells in vitro, as demonstrated by competitive binding assays using [125I]-Tyr1-somatostatin and [(111)In]-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide. Mice bearing i.p. SKOV3.ip1 tumors administered 1 x 10(9) plaque-forming units of AdCMVhSSTr2 i.p. 5 days after tumor cell inoculation, followed by an i.p. injection of [(111)In]-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide 2 days later, showed a range of 15.3-60.4% median injected dose/gram (ID/g) in tumor at 4 h after injection compared with 3.5% ID/g when [125I]-Tyr1-somatostatin was administered and 0.3% ID/g when the negative control peptide [125I]-mIP-bombesin was administered. Mice administered a control adenoviral vector encoding the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor did not have tumor localization of [(111)In]-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide (<1.6% ID/g), demonstrating specificity of [(111)In]-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide for the AdCMVhSSTr2 induced tumor cells. In another set of experiments, the tumor localization of [(111)In]-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide was not different 1, 2, or 4 days after AdCMVhSSTr2 injection (31.8, 37.7, and 40.7% ID/g, respectively; P = 0.88), indicating that multiple injections of radiolabeled peptide can be administered with equivalent uptake over a 4-day period. [(111)In]-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide tumor localization in animals administered AdCMVhSSTr2 on consecutive days or 2 days apart was 22.4% ID/g and 53.2% ID/g, respectively (P = 0.009) when [(111)In]-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide was given 1 day after the second AdCMVhSSTr2 injection. There was no difference in [(111)In]-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide localization after a single AdCMVhSSTr2 injection (40.7% ID/g) or two injections of AdCMVhSSTr2 given 1 (45.9% ID/g) or 2 (53.2% ID/g) days apart, where [(111)In]-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide was given in each case 4 days after the first AdCMVhSSTr2 injection (P = 0.65). Therefore, two AdCMVhSSTr2 injections did not increase [(111)In]-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide tumor localization compared with one injection, which eliminates concerns about an immune response to a second dose of AdCMVhSSTr2. This will be the basis for a therapeutic protocol with multiple administrations of an octreotide analogue labeled with a therapeutic radioisotope. (+info)Kleine-Levin and Munchausen syndromes in a patient with recurrent acromegaly. (3/953)
Hypothalamic disease often affects the patients' personality and this also applies to pituitary tumors with suprasellar extension. We report on a patient with a 12-year history of recurrent acromegaly, treated with three transphenoidal operations, single field radiation therapy and bromocriptine/octreotide administration. During the course of follow-up she presented with self-inflicted anemia and Kleine-Levin syndrome (hypersomnia, hyperphagia and hypersexuality). Furthermore, she developed post-radiation necrosis within the right temporal lobe. Whether her neurological and personality disorders result - at least partially - from the acromegaly or the temporal lobe necrosis remains unclear. (+info)Primary hepatic carcinoid in a renal transplant patient. (4/953)
There seems to be a world-wide increase in the incidence of tumors among immunosuppressed patients. Of 1350 renal allografts transplanted in the past 23 years at the Department of Transplantation and Surgery, 56 cases were malignant tumors. The case of a 58-year-old female patient is reported, with disseminated primary carcinoid in the liver detected 86 days after renal transplantation. According to the literature only 39 patients with primary liver carcinoids have been reported until 1997, but this is the first where the carcinoid developed in an immunosuppressed patient. The rapid progression of the carcinoid could be associated with the immunosuppression. (+info)Octreotide acetate long-acting formulation versus open-label subcutaneous octreotide acetate in malignant carcinoid syndrome. (5/953)
PURPOSE: Subcutaneous (SC) octreotide acetate effectively relieves the diarrhea and flushing associated with carcinoid syndrome but requires long-term multiple injections daily. A microencapsulated long-acting formulation (LAR) of octreotide acetate has been developed for once-monthly intramuscular dosing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized trial compared double-blinded octreotide LAR at 10, 20, and 30 mg every 4 weeks with open-label SC octreotide every 8 hours for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. Seventy-nine patients controlled with treatment of SC octreotide 0.3 to 0.9 mg/d whose symptoms returned during a washout period and who returned for at least the week 20 evaluation constituted the efficacy-assessable population. RESULTS: Complete or partial treatment success was comparable in each of the four arms of the study (SC, 58.3%; 10 mg, 66.7%; 20 mg, 71.4%; 30 mg, 61.9%; P> or =.72 for all pairwise comparisons). Control of stool frequency was similar in all treatment groups. Flushing episodes were best controlled in the 20-mg LAR and SC groups; the 10-mg LAR treatment was least effective in the control of flushing. Treatment was well tolerated by patients in all four groups. CONCLUSION: Once octreotide steady-state concentrations are achieved, octreotide LAR controls the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome at least as well as SC octreotide. A starting dose of 20 mg of octreotide LAR is recommended. Supplemental SC octreotide is needed for approximately 2 weeks after initiation of octreotide LAR treatment. Occasional rescue SC injections may be required for possibly 2 to 3 months until steady-state octreotide levels from the LAR formulation are achieved. (+info)Exogenous cysteamine increases basal pancreatic exocrine secretion in the rat. (6/953)
To determine whether exocrine pancreatic secretion is regulated by endogenous somatostatin, somatostatin deficiency was induced by cysteamine. Rats were subcutaneously administered a single dose of cysteamine (30 mg/100 g body weight) 12 hr before experiment. Anesthetized rats were prepared with cannulation into bile duct, pancreatic duct, duodenum, and jugular vein and pancreatic juice was collected. For in vitro study, isolated pancreata of rats, pretreated with cysteamine, were perfused with an intraarterial infusion of Krebs-Henseleit solution (37 degrees C) at 1.2 mL/min, and pancreatic juice was collected in 15-min samples. In vivo experiment of the rat, the mean basal pancreatic secretions, including volume, bicarbonate, and protein output were significantly increased from 18.4+/-0.5 microL/30 min, 0.58+/-0.05 microEq/30 min, and 214.0+/-26.1 microg/30 min to 51.6+/-3.7 microL/30 min, 1.52+/-0.11 microEq/30 min, and 569.8+/-128.9 microg/30 min, respectively (p<0.05). In the isolated perfused pancreas, cysteamine also resulted in a significant increase in basal pancreatic secretion (p<0.05). Simultaneous intraarterial infusion of octreotide (10 pmol/hr) to isolated pancreata partially reversed the effect of cysteamine on basal pancreatic secretion. These findings suggest that endogenous somatostatin play an important role on the regulation of basal pancreatic exocrine secretion. (+info)Expression of somatostatin receptors in oncocytic (Hurthle cell) neoplasia of the thyroid. (7/953)
Ten consecutive patients with Hurthle cell lesions of the thyroid (nodule/adenoma/carcinoma) were studied by (111)In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide scintigraphy. Octreotide scintigraphy localized the primary Hurthle cell tumour in eight patients as distinct areas of increased uptake of radionuclide. Two patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma, previously thyroidectomized, had their metastases visualized by octreotide scintigraphy. Northern analyses showed expression of multiple somatostain receptor subtypes. Visualization of the Hurthle cell tumour may be due to a higher expression of somatostatin receptors in the lesions than in surrounding normal thyroid tissue. The tissue/blood (111)In concentration ratios for tumour samples from five patients showed clearly higher values than observed for normal connective tissue, muscle or lymph nodes. A relatively high uptake of (111)In was also observed in goiter tissue, which may lead to misinterpretations. The main indication for octreotide scintigraphy in patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma is suspicion of metastatic disease. (+info)Somatostatin receptor subtype expression in cells of the rat immune system during adjuvant arthritis. (8/953)
Somatostatin is a neuropeptide that is widely distributed throughout the body. It acts as a neurohormone and a neurotransmitter and may also have an immunomodulatory role. The genes for five subtypes of somatostatin receptors (sst) have been cloned, suggesting that the diverse effects of the peptide might be mediated by different receptors. We are interested in studying the role of sst ininflammation, using an animal model. Because of the up-regulation of sst expression in inflamed joints in human rheumatoid arthritis, we chose rat adjuvant arthritis as an experimental model. In order to determine which of the sst subtypes might be important in immune modulation, subtype expression in leukocytes isolated from different lymphoid tissues of the rat was studied. Also, the expression levels of the most abundantly expressed sst mRNAs in leukocytes from spleen and blood were compared in rats with adjuvantarthritis and controls, using a semi-quantitative approach. Furthermore, the effect of systemic administration of a long-acting somatostatin analogue, octreotide, which binds selectively to sst subtypes 2 and 5 (sst2 and sst5), on the incidence and the severity of rat adjuvant arthritis, was studied. The main sst expressed in cells of the rat immune system, both resting and activated, were found to be sst3 and sst4. This contrasts with the human and murine situations, in which sst2 appears to be the main subtype expressed in the immune system. No quantitative differences in sst subtype mRNA levels in leukocytes from spleen and blood were found between rats with adjuvant arthritis and controls. Finally, no effect of systemic administration of octreotide on either the incidence or severity of adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats was found. As octreotide binds selectively to sst2 and sst5, the absence of an immunomodulatory effect of this analogue in rat adjuvant arthritis corroborates our finding that these sst subtypes are not expressed in cells of the rat immune system. In conclusion, cells of the rat immune system appear to express a spectrum of sst (sst3 and sst4) different from that found in human granulomatous and autoimmune disease (mainly sst2). Therefore, the rat adjuvant arthritis model appears to be suitable only for studying the immunomodulatory effects of somatostatin analogues which have a high affinity for sst3 and sst4, but not for studying the immunomodulatory effects of octreotide, which has a high affinity only for sst2 and sst5. (+info)Octreotide is a synthetic analogue of the natural hormone somatostatin, which is used in medical treatment. It is a octapeptide with similar effects to somatostatin, but with a longer duration of action. Octreotide is primarily used in the management of acromegaly, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), and diarrhea and flushing associated with carcinoid syndrome.
It works by inhibiting the release of several hormones, including growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, and gastrin. This results in a decrease in symptoms caused by excessive hormone secretion, such as reduced growth hormone levels in acromegaly, decreased tumor size in some GEP-NETs, and improved diarrhea and flushing in carcinoid syndrome.
Octreotide is available in several forms, including short-acting subcutaneous injections (Sandostatin®), long-acting depot intramuscular injections (Sandostatin LAR®), and a slow-release formulation for the treatment of diarrhea associated with AIDS (Mycapssa™).
The medical definition of Octreotide is:
A synthetic octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, used in the management of acromegaly, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), and diarrhea and flushing associated with carcinoid syndrome. Octreotide inhibits the release of several hormones, including growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, and gastrin, leading to symptomatic improvement in these conditions. It is available as short-acting subcutaneous injections, long-acting depot intramuscular injections, and a slow-release formulation for diarrhea associated with AIDS.
Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are a group of G protein-coupled receptors that bind to the neuropeptide hormone somatostatin. There are five subtypes of SSTRs, named SSTR1 through SSTR5, each with distinct physiological roles and tissue distributions.
Somatostatin is a small peptide that is widely distributed throughout the body, including in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and other endocrine organs. It has multiple functions, including inhibition of hormone release, regulation of cell proliferation, and modulation of neurotransmission.
SSTRs are expressed on the surface of many different types of cells, including neurons, endocrine cells, and immune cells. They play important roles in regulating various physiological processes, such as inhibiting the release of hormones like insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone. SSTRs have also been implicated in a number of pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory disorders.
In recent years, SSTRs have become an important target for the development of new therapeutic strategies, particularly in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Several radiolabeled somatostatin analogues have been developed that can selectively bind to SSTRs on NET cells and deliver targeted radiation therapy. These agents have shown promising results in clinical trials and are now being used as standard of care for patients with advanced NETs.
Gastrointestinal agents are a class of pharmaceutical drugs that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which includes the organs involved in digestion such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. These agents can have various effects on the GI tract, including:
1. Increasing gastric motility (promoting bowel movements) - laxatives, prokinetics
2. Decreasing gastric motility (reducing bowel movements) - antidiarrheal agents
3. Neutralizing gastric acid - antacids
4. Reducing gastric acid secretion - H2-blockers, proton pump inhibitors
5. Protecting the mucosal lining of the GI tract - sucralfate, misoprostol
6. Relieving symptoms associated with GI disorders such as bloating, abdominal pain, and nausea - antispasmodics, antiemetics
Examples of gastrointestinal agents include:
* Laxatives (e.g., psyllium, docusate)
* Prokinetics (e.g., metoclopramide)
* Antacids (e.g., calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide)
* H2-blockers (e.g., ranitidine, famotidine)
* Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole, lansoprazole)
* Sucralfate
* Misoprostol
* Antispasmodics (e.g., hyoscyamine, dicyclomine)
* Antiemetics (e.g., ondansetron, promethazine)
It is important to note that gastrointestinal agents can have both therapeutic and adverse effects, and their use should be based on a careful evaluation of the patient's condition and medical history.
Somatostatin is a hormone that inhibits the release of several hormones and also has a role in slowing down digestion. It is produced by the body in various parts of the body, including the hypothalamus (a part of the brain), the pancreas, and the gastrointestinal tract.
Somatostatin exists in two forms: somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28, which differ in their length. Somatostatin-14 is the predominant form found in the brain, while somatostatin-28 is the major form found in the gastrointestinal tract.
Somatostatin has a wide range of effects on various physiological processes, including:
* Inhibiting the release of several hormones such as growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, and gastrin
* Slowing down digestion by inhibiting the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and reducing blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract
* Regulating neurotransmission in the brain
Somatostatin is used clinically as a diagnostic tool for detecting certain types of tumors that overproduce growth hormone or other hormones, and it is also used as a treatment for some conditions such as acromegaly (a condition characterized by excessive growth hormone production) and gastrointestinal disorders.
Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder that typically occurs in middle-aged adults. It results from the pituitary gland producing too much growth hormone (GH) during adulthood. The excessive production of GH leads to abnormal growth of body tissues, particularly in the hands, feet, and face.
The term "acromegaly" is derived from two Greek words: "akros," meaning extremities, and "megaly," meaning enlargement. In most cases, acromegaly is caused by a benign tumor (adenoma) of the pituitary gland, which results in overproduction of GH.
Common symptoms include enlarged hands and feet, coarse facial features, deepened voice, joint pain, and sweating. If left untreated, acromegaly can lead to serious complications such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and arthritis. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor, radiation therapy, or medication to control GH production.
Pentetic Acid, also known as DTPA (Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), is not a medication itself but a chelating agent used in the preparation of pharmaceutical products. A chelating agent is a compound that can form multiple bonds with metal ions, allowing them to be excreted from the body.
Pentetic Acid is used in medical treatments to remove or decrease the levels of certain toxic metals, such as lead, plutonium, americium, and curium, from the body. It can be given intravenously or orally, depending on the specific situation and the formulation of the medication.
It is important to note that the use of Pentetic Acid should be under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as it can also bind to essential metals like zinc, calcium, and iron, which can lead to deficiencies if not properly managed.
Indium radioisotopes refer to specific types of radioactive indium atoms, which are unstable and emit radiation as they decay. Indium is a chemical element with the symbol In and atomic number 49. Its radioisotopes are often used in medical imaging and therapy due to their unique properties.
For instance, one commonly used indium radioisotope is Indium-111 (^111In), which has a half-life of approximately 2.8 days. It emits gamma rays, making it useful for diagnostic imaging techniques such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In clinical applications, indium-111 is often attached to specific molecules or antibodies that target particular cells or tissues in the body, allowing medical professionals to monitor biological processes and identify diseases like cancer.
Another example is Indium-113m (^113mIn), which has a half-life of about 99 minutes. It emits low-energy gamma rays and is used as a source for in vivo counting, typically in the form of indium chloride (InCl3) solution. This radioisotope can be used to measure blood flow, ventilation, and other physiological parameters.
It's important to note that handling and using radioisotopes require proper training and safety measures due to their ionizing radiation properties.
A carcinoid tumor is a type of slow-growing neuroendocrine tumor that usually originates in the digestive tract, particularly in the small intestine. These tumors can also arise in other areas such as the lungs, appendix, and rarely in other organs. Carcinoid tumors develop from cells of the diffuse endocrine system (also known as the neuroendocrine system) that are capable of producing hormones or biologically active amines.
Carcinoid tumors can produce and release various hormones and bioactive substances, such as serotonin, histamine, bradykinins, prostaglandins, and tachykinins, which can lead to a variety of symptoms. The most common syndrome associated with carcinoid tumors is the carcinoid syndrome, characterized by flushing, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and wheezing or difficulty breathing.
Carcinoid tumors are typically classified as functional or nonfunctional based on whether they produce and secrete hormones that cause symptoms. Functional carcinoid tumors account for approximately 30% of cases and can lead to the development of carcinoid syndrome, while nonfunctional tumors do not produce significant amounts of hormones and are often asymptomatic until they grow large enough to cause local or distant complications.
Treatment options for carcinoid tumors depend on the location, size, and extent of the tumor, as well as whether it is functional or nonfunctional. Treatment may include surgery, medications (such as somatostatin analogs, chemotherapy, or targeted therapies), and radiation therapy. Regular follow-up with imaging studies and biochemical tests is essential to monitor for recurrence and assess treatment response.
Dumping syndrome, also known as rapid gastric emptying, is a condition that typically occurs in people who have had surgery to remove all or part of their stomach (gastrectomy) or have had a procedure called a gastrojejunostomy. These surgeries can lead to the stomach's contents entering the small intestine too quickly, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, dizziness, and sweating.
There are two types of dumping syndrome: early and late. Early dumping syndrome occurs within 30 minutes after eating, while late dumping syndrome occurs 1-3 hours after eating. Symptoms of early dumping syndrome may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, bloating, dizziness, and fatigue. Late dumping syndrome symptoms may include hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which can cause sweating, weakness, confusion, and rapid heartbeat.
Treatment for dumping syndrome typically involves dietary modifications, such as eating smaller, more frequent meals that are low in simple sugars, and avoiding fluids during meals. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help slow down gastric emptying or manage symptoms. If these treatments are not effective, surgery may be necessary to correct the problem.
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a diverse group of neoplasms that arise from cells of the neuroendocrine system, which is composed of dispersed neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, often in close association with nerves and blood vessels. These cells have the ability to produce and secrete hormones or hormone-like substances in response to various stimuli. NETs can occur in a variety of organs, including the lungs, pancreas, small intestine, colon, rectum, stomach, and thyroid gland, as well as in some less common sites such as the thymus, adrenal glands, and nervous system.
NETs can be functional or nonfunctional, depending on whether they produce and secrete hormones or hormone-like substances that cause specific symptoms related to hormonal excess. Functional NETs may give rise to a variety of clinical syndromes, such as carcinoid syndrome, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor syndrome (also known as Verner-Morrison or WDHA syndrome), and others. Nonfunctional NETs are more likely to present with symptoms related to the size and location of the tumor, such as abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, or bleeding.
The diagnosis of NETs typically involves a combination of imaging studies, biochemical tests (e.g., measurement of serum hormone levels), and histopathological examination of tissue samples obtained through biopsy or surgical resection. Treatment options depend on the type, location, stage, and grade of the tumor, as well as the presence or absence of functional symptoms. They may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and/or peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT).
Malignant carcinoid syndrome is a complex of symptoms that occur in some people with malignant tumors (carcinoids) that secrete large amounts of hormone-like substances, particularly serotonin. These symptoms can include flushing of the face and upper body, diarrhea, rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and abdominal pain and distention. In addition, these individuals may have chronic inflammation of the heart valves (endocarditis) leading to heart failure. It is important to note that not all people with carcinoid tumors will develop malignant carcinoid syndrome, but those who do require specific treatment for their symptoms and hormonal imbalances.
A Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma (GH-secreting pituitary adenoma, or GHoma) is a type of benign tumor that develops in the pituitary gland and results in excessive production of growth hormone (GH). This leads to a condition known as acromegaly if it occurs in adults, or gigantism if it occurs in children before the closure of the growth plates.
Symptoms of GH-secreting pituitary adenoma may include:
1. Coarsening of facial features
2. Enlargement of hands and feet
3. Deepened voice due to thickening of vocal cords
4. Increased sweating and body odor
5. Joint pain and stiffness
6. Sleep apnea
7. Fatigue, weakness, or muscle wasting
8. Headaches
9. Vision problems
10. Irregular menstrual periods in women
11. Erectile dysfunction in men
Diagnosis typically involves measuring the levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the blood, along with imaging tests like MRI or CT scans to locate and characterize the tumor. Treatment options include surgical removal of the tumor, radiation therapy, and medication to control GH production. Regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor for potential recurrence.
Pituitary neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the pituitary gland, a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), with most being benign. They can vary in size and may cause various symptoms depending on their location, size, and hormonal activity.
Pituitary neoplasms can produce and secrete excess hormones, leading to a variety of endocrine disorders such as Cushing's disease (caused by excessive ACTH production), acromegaly (caused by excessive GH production), or prolactinoma (caused by excessive PRL production). They can also cause local compression symptoms due to their size, leading to headaches, vision problems, and cranial nerve palsies.
The exact causes of pituitary neoplasms are not fully understood, but genetic factors, radiation exposure, and certain inherited conditions may increase the risk of developing these tumors. Treatment options for pituitary neoplasms include surgical removal, radiation therapy, and medical management with drugs that can help control hormonal imbalances.
Hormones are defined as chemical messengers that are produced by endocrine glands or specialized cells and are transported through the bloodstream to tissues and organs, where they elicit specific responses. They play crucial roles in regulating various physiological processes such as growth, development, metabolism, reproduction, and mood. Examples of hormones include insulin, estrogen, testosterone, adrenaline, and thyroxine.
I couldn't find a medical definition specifically for "delayed-action preparations." However, in the context of pharmacology, it may refer to medications or treatments that have a delayed onset of action. These are designed to release the active drug slowly over an extended period, which can help to maintain a consistent level of the medication in the body and reduce the frequency of dosing.
Examples of delayed-action preparations include:
1. Extended-release (ER) or controlled-release (CR) formulations: These are designed to release the drug slowly over several hours, reducing the need for frequent dosing. Examples include extended-release tablets and capsules.
2. Transdermal patches: These deliver medication through the skin and can provide a steady rate of drug delivery over several days. Examples include nicotine patches for smoking cessation or fentanyl patches for pain management.
3. Injectable depots: These are long-acting injectable formulations that slowly release the drug into the body over weeks to months. An example is the use of long-acting antipsychotic injections for the treatment of schizophrenia.
4. Implantable devices: These are small, biocompatible devices placed under the skin or within a body cavity that release a steady dose of medication over an extended period. Examples include hormonal implants for birth control or drug-eluting stents used in cardiovascular procedures.
Delayed-action preparations can improve patient compliance and quality of life by reducing dosing frequency, minimizing side effects, and maintaining consistent therapeutic levels.
Human Growth Hormone (HGH), also known as somatotropin, is a peptide hormone produced in the pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in human development and growth by stimulating the production of another hormone called insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 promotes the growth and reproduction of cells throughout the body, particularly in bones and other tissues. HGH also helps regulate body composition, body fluids, muscle and bone growth, sugar and fat metabolism, and possibly heart function. It is essential for human development and continues to have important effects throughout life. The secretion of HGH decreases with age, which is thought to contribute to the aging process.
Gallbladder emptying refers to the process by which the gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine through the bile duct. The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. After eating, especially when fatty or greasy foods are consumed, the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) is released into the bloodstream, which stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi, a muscle that controls the opening and closing of the bile duct. This allows the concentrated bile to flow from the gallbladder into the small intestine, where it helps break down fats for absorption.
Gallbladder emptying can be assessed through various diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound or cholescintigraphy (also known as a HIDA scan), which measures the rate and degree of gallbladder emptying in response to CCK stimulation. Abnormalities in gallbladder emptying can contribute to conditions such as gallstones, biliary dyskinesia, and other functional gallbladder disorders.
Subcutaneous injection is a route of administration where a medication or vaccine is delivered into the subcutaneous tissue, which lies between the skin and the muscle. This layer contains small blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues that help to absorb the medication slowly and steadily over a period of time. Subcutaneous injections are typically administered using a short needle, at an angle of 45-90 degrees, and the dose is injected slowly to minimize discomfort and ensure proper absorption. Common sites for subcutaneous injections include the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. Examples of medications that may be given via subcutaneous injection include insulin, heparin, and some vaccines.
Chylothorax is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid called chyle in the pleural space, which is the space between the lungs and the chest wall. Chyle is a milky-white fluid that contains nutrients, electrolytes, and immune cells, and it is normally transported through the thoracic duct to the bloodstream.
Chylothorax can occur due to various reasons, such as trauma, surgery, tumors, or congenital abnormalities that disrupt the normal flow of chyle. As a result, chyle leaks into the pleural space, causing symptoms such as cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and fever.
The diagnosis of chylothorax is usually made through imaging studies such as chest X-ray or CT scan, and confirmed by analyzing the fluid for the presence of chylomicrons, which are lipid particles found in chyle. The treatment options for chylothorax include dietary modifications, such as a low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides, chest tube drainage, and surgical interventions such as thoracic duct ligation or pleurodesis.
Antidiarrheals are a class of medications that are used to treat diarrhea. They work by either slowing down the movement of the gut or increasing the absorption of water and electrolytes in the intestines, which helps to thicken the stool and reduce the frequency of bowel movements.
Some common examples of antidiarrheal medications include loperamide (Imodium), diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil), and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol). These medications can be effective in managing acute diarrhea, but it's important to use them only as directed and for a limited period of time. Prolonged use or overuse of antidiarrheals can lead to serious side effects, such as constipation, dehydration, and dependence.
It's also worth noting that while antidiarrheals can help manage the symptoms of diarrhea, they do not address the underlying cause of the condition. If you have chronic or severe diarrhea, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider to determine the root cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Gigantism is a rare medical condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average. This occurs due to an overproduction of growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, during the growth phase in childhood. The pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain, is responsible for producing this hormone.
In gigantism, the pituitary gland releases too much GH, leading to abnormal bone and tissue growth. This condition is different from acromegaly, which is characterized by excessive GH production in adulthood after the growth phase has ended. In both cases, the excess GH can lead to various health complications, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and joint problems.
Gigantism is typically caused by a benign tumor called a pituitary adenoma that presses against and stimulates the production of GH from the anterior pituitary gland. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor or medication to control GH levels, depending on the severity and progression of the condition. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing the symptoms and preventing long-term health complications associated with gigantism.
A pancreatic fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between the pancreas and another organ, often the digestive system. It usually occurs as a complication following trauma, surgery, or inflammation of the pancreas (such as pancreatitis). The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes, and when these enzymes escape the pancreas through a damaged or disrupted duct, they can cause irritation and inflammation in nearby tissues, leading to the formation of a fistula.
Pancreatic fistulas are typically characterized by the drainage of pancreatic fluid, which contains high levels of digestive enzymes, into other parts of the body. This can lead to various symptoms, including abdominal pain, swelling, fever, and malnutrition. Treatment may involve surgical repair of the fistula, as well as supportive care such as antibiotics, nutritional support, and drainage of any fluid collections.
Radiopharmaceuticals are defined as pharmaceutical preparations that contain radioactive isotopes and are used for diagnosis or therapy in nuclear medicine. These compounds are designed to interact specifically with certain biological targets, such as cells, tissues, or organs, and emit radiation that can be detected and measured to provide diagnostic information or used to destroy abnormal cells or tissue in therapeutic applications.
The radioactive isotopes used in radiopharmaceuticals have carefully controlled half-lives, which determine how long they remain radioactive and how long the pharmaceutical preparation remains effective. The choice of radioisotope depends on the intended use of the radiopharmaceutical, as well as factors such as its energy, range of emission, and chemical properties.
Radiopharmaceuticals are used in a wide range of medical applications, including imaging, cancer therapy, and treatment of other diseases and conditions. Examples of radiopharmaceuticals include technetium-99m for imaging the heart, lungs, and bones; iodine-131 for treating thyroid cancer; and samarium-153 for palliative treatment of bone metastases.
The use of radiopharmaceuticals requires specialized training and expertise in nuclear medicine, as well as strict adherence to safety protocols to minimize radiation exposure to patients and healthcare workers.
Chylous ascites is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of milky, fat-containing fluid in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space within the abdomen that contains the intestines, liver, and other organs. The fluid, called chyle, is normally found in the lymphatic system and is formed when dietary fats are absorbed from the small intestine.
Chylous ascites can occur as a result of damage to the lymphatic vessels that transport chyle from the intestines to the bloodstream. This damage can be caused by various conditions, such as trauma, surgery, tumors, inflammation, or congenital abnormalities. When the lymphatic vessels are damaged, chyle leaks into the peritoneal cavity and accumulates there, leading to ascites.
Symptoms of chylous ascites may include abdominal distension, pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. The condition can be diagnosed through various tests, such as imaging studies or analysis of the fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition, as well as managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include dietary modifications, medications to reduce lymphatic flow, or surgical interventions to repair damaged lymphatic vessels.
Intestinal lymphangiectasis is a rare condition characterized by the dilation and dysfunction of the lacteals (lymphatic vessels) within the intestinal villi. This results in the leakage of lymphatic fluid into the gastrointestinal lumen, leading to chronic protein loss, malabsorption of nutrients, and various other complications.
The condition can be primary (congenital), which is usually caused by genetic mutations affecting lymphatic development, or secondary, resulting from acquired conditions that obstruct or damage the intestinal lymphatics. Secondary intestinal lymphangiectasis may occur due to various causes such as abdominal surgeries, radiation therapy, inflammatory bowel disease, or tumors compressing the lymphatic vessels.
Symptoms of intestinal lymphangiectasis include diarrhea, steatorrhea (fatty stools), weight loss, edema (swelling), and hypoproteinemia (low protein levels in the blood). The diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques like lymphangiography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the dilated lymphatic vessels. Treatment often focuses on dietary modifications, such as a low-fat, high-protein, and medium-chain triglyceride diet, along with managing any underlying conditions contributing to the development of the disease. In some cases, medications or surgical interventions may be necessary to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.
Angiodysplasia is a vascular disorder characterized by the dilation and abnormal formation of blood vessels, particularly in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These abnormal blood vessels are prone to leakage or rupture, which can lead to bleeding. Angiodysplasia is most commonly found in the colon but can occur in other parts of the GI tract as well. It is more common in older adults and can cause symptoms such as anemia, fatigue, and bloody stools. The exact cause of angiodysplasia is not known, but it may be associated with chronic low-grade inflammation or increased pressure in the blood vessels. Treatment options include endoscopic therapies to stop bleeding, medications to reduce acid production in the stomach, and surgery in severe cases.
An adenoma is a benign (noncancerous) tumor that develops from glandular epithelial cells. These types of cells are responsible for producing and releasing fluids, such as hormones or digestive enzymes, into the surrounding tissues. Adenomas can occur in various organs and glands throughout the body, including the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and digestive systems.
Depending on their location, adenomas may cause different symptoms or remain asymptomatic. Some common examples of adenomas include:
1. Colorectal adenoma (also known as a polyp): These growths occur in the lining of the colon or rectum and can develop into colorectal cancer if left untreated. Regular screenings, such as colonoscopies, are essential for early detection and removal of these polyps.
2. Thyroid adenoma: This type of adenoma affects the thyroid gland and may result in an overproduction or underproduction of hormones, leading to conditions like hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).
3. Pituitary adenoma: These growths occur in the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain and controls various hormonal functions. Depending on their size and location, pituitary adenomas can cause vision problems, headaches, or hormonal imbalances that affect growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
4. Liver adenoma: These rare benign tumors develop in the liver and may not cause any symptoms unless they become large enough to press on surrounding organs or structures. In some cases, liver adenomas can rupture and cause internal bleeding.
5. Adrenal adenoma: These growths occur in the adrenal glands, which are located above the kidneys and produce hormones that regulate stress responses, metabolism, and blood pressure. Most adrenal adenomas are nonfunctioning, meaning they do not secrete excess hormones. However, functioning adrenal adenomas can lead to conditions like Cushing's syndrome or Conn's syndrome, depending on the type of hormone being overproduced.
It is essential to monitor and manage benign tumors like adenomas to prevent potential complications, such as rupture, bleeding, or hormonal imbalances. Treatment options may include surveillance with imaging studies, medication to manage hormonal issues, or surgical removal of the tumor in certain cases.
Carcinoma, islet cell, also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor or pancreatic endocrine carcinoma, is a type of malignancy that arises from the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas. These tumors can produce and release hormones such as insulin, glucagon, gastrin, and somatostatin, leading to various clinical syndromes depending on the specific hormone produced.
Islet cell carcinomas are relatively rare, accounting for less than 5% of all pancreatic malignancies. They can occur at any age but are more common in adults between 40 and 60 years old. The prognosis for islet cell carcinoma varies widely depending on the stage and grade of the tumor, as well as the presence or absence of metastases. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies.
Pancreatic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the pancreas that can be benign or malignant. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that produces hormones and digestive enzymes. Pancreatic neoplasms can interfere with the normal functioning of the pancreas, leading to various health complications.
Benign pancreatic neoplasms are non-cancerous growths that do not spread to other parts of the body. They are usually removed through surgery to prevent any potential complications, such as blocking the bile duct or causing pain.
Malignant pancreatic neoplasms, also known as pancreatic cancer, are cancerous growths that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs. They can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, or bones. Pancreatic cancer is often aggressive and difficult to treat, with a poor prognosis.
There are several types of pancreatic neoplasms, including adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors, solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, and cystic neoplasms. The specific type of neoplasm is determined through various diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies, biopsies, and blood tests. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and location of the neoplasm, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences.
Octreotide
Octreotide scan
Acromegaly
Lutetium (177Lu) oxodotreotide
Edotreotide
Necrolytic migratory erythema
Midodrine
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction
Somatostatin
Lanreotide
Gastrinoma
Octreotate
Hematemesis
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Oncogenic osteomalacia
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Chyle
Vagotomy
Hypoglycemia
Pancreatic fistula
Esophageal varices
Neuroendocrine tumor
Somatostatin receptor 4
Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia
Antidiarrhoeal
Congenital hyperinsulinism
Angiodysplasia
Somatostatin receptor 1
Bronchorrhea
Dumping syndrome
Octreotide - Wikipedia
Octreotide | Pfizer UK
Article - Billing and Coding: Octreotide Acetate for Injectable Suspension (Sandostatin® LAR Depot) (A56531)
J2354 octreotide - CanMED: HCPCS
Octreotide - Janusinfo.se
Article Metrics] Octreotide-Resistant Acromegaly: Challenges and Solutions | TCRM
Octreotide Human | BioVendor R&D
Sandostatin, Sandostatin LAR (octreotide) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
CARRIER-MEDIATED HEPATIC UPTAKE OF THE CATIONIC CYCLOPEPTIDE, OCTREOTIDE, IN RATS | Drug Metabolism & Disposition
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octreotide acetate 500 mcg/mL (1 mL) injection syringe | Kaiser Permanente
How do you give octreotide infusion? - Richardvigilantebooks.com
Sandostatin lar / octreotide acetate FDA New drug application 021008 international drug patent coverage, generic alternatives...
SANDOSTATIN® LAR® (Octreotide) for NET & Acromegaly
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Octreotide Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size and Forecast, 2016 to 2026
Pituitary-independent effect of octreotide on IGF1 generation<...
Chronic treatment with the somatostatin analog octreotide improves cardiac abnormalities in acromegaly
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Octreotide - Lancashire and South Cumbria Medicines Management Group
DOTA-NOC (DOTA-[Nal3]-octreotide) (2 mg (40 x50µg))
Acetate10
- The information in this article contains billing, coding or other guidelines that complement the Local Coverage Determination (LCD) for Octreotide Acetate for Injectable Suspension (Sandostatin® LAR Depot) L33438. (cms.gov)
- Octreotide acetate is a longer acting synthetic octapeptide analog of naturally occurring somatostatin. (biovendor.com)
- Octreotide acetate injection may be administered subcutaneously or intravenously. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- Subcutaneous injection is the usual route of administration of octreotide acetate injection for control of symptoms. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- Are there any uncontrolled trials for octreotide acetate? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- The generic ingredient in SANDOSTATIN LAR is octreotide acetate . (drugpatentwatch.com)
- Additional details are available on the octreotide acetate profile page. (drugpatentwatch.com)
- Octreotide Acetate is an octapeptide analogue of somatostatin with similar properties, but with a longer duration of action. (polypeptide.com)
- We are one of the leading Manufacturers and exporter of supreme grade Octreotide Acetate Known for its effective results, this peptide is widely used for treating diarrhea or flushing in patients with tumors like carcinoid, pancreatic islet cell tumors etc. (flagshipbiotech.com)
- Octrotide Injection is available as: sterile 1-mL ampuls in 3 strengths, containing 50, 100, or 500 mcg octreotide (as acetate), and sterile 5-mL multi-dose vials in 2 strengths, containing 200 and 1000 mcg/mL of octreotide (as acetate). (flagshipbiotech.com)
Acromegaly9
- Octreotide is used for the treatment of growth hormone producing tumors (acromegaly and gigantism), when surgery is contraindicated, pituitary tumors that secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropinomata),[citation needed] diarrhea and flushing episodes associated with carcinoid syndrome, and diarrhea in people with vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumors (VIPomas). (wikipedia.org)
- Octreotide can also be used in the treatment of acromegaly, a disorder of excessive growth hormone (GH). (wikipedia.org)
- In June 2020, Mycapssa (octreotide) was approved for medical use in the United States with an indication for the long-term maintenance treatment in acromegaly patients who have responded to and tolerated treatment with octreotide or lanreotide. (wikipedia.org)
- Octreotide is also used to treat a certain condition (acromegaly) that occurs when the body makes too much of a certain natural substance called growth hormone. (kaiserpermanente.org)
- Octreotide depending upon the severity generally severe diarrhea, acromegaly as well as for treating flushing in patients with tumors. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-month octreotide treatment on cardiac mass and function by means of Doppler echocardiography in 11 normotensive patients affected with active acromegaly. (unina.it)
- Octreotide is used to treat acromegaly (a condition in which the body produces too much growth hormone), neuroendocrine tumours in the gut (Ex. (netmeds.com)
- Octreotide relieves the symptoms of acromegaly and overproduction of other hormones by inhibiting the release of certain hormones such as growth hormone and also by reducing the size of pituitary gland (which is enlarged in acromegaly). (netmeds.com)
- A recent study investigating treatment for adult acromegaly patients has revealed that switching from injectable somatostatin receptor ligands to oral octreotide leads to an improvement in quality of life and more productivity at work. (patientworthy.com)
Sandostatin LAR3
- There are 2 types of Octreotide: a short-acting medicine (sub-Q Octreotide) and a long-acting medicine (Sandostatin LAR). (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- Clinical treatment arm included retrospective review of charts of 4 patients who had persistent cystoid macular edema, unresponsive to all interventions including antiVEGFs treated with posterior subtenon octreotide (Sandostatin-LAR®,10mg). (sdu.edu.tr)
- However, below I have included a bit about how patients can get their long-acting Octreotide (Sandostatin LAR) at home too. (ronnyallan.net)
Somatostatin analog3
- As of June 2020[update], octreotide (Mycapssa) is the first and only oral somatostatin analog (SSA) approved by the FDA. (wikipedia.org)
- Octreotide, being a somatostatin analog, inhibits the release of GH from the pituitary gland through a process normally involved in negative feedback. (wikipedia.org)
- Octreotide, a somatostatin analog, has emerged as a cornerstone in the management of various neuroendocrine disorders, contributing to the evolution of the octreotide market. (shortkro.com)
Injection6
- In emergency situations, octreotide may be administered undiluted by intermittent direct IV injection. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- Octreotide injection may cause side effects. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- You usually have long acting octreotide as an injection into the muscle in your bottom once every 4 weeks. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- We are considered as one of the topmost manufacturers in the industry, engaged in exporting Octreotide Injection . (cygnusspeciality.com)
- Widely used in the treatment of cancer, this Octreotide Injection is stringently tested on various standard parameters before the final delivery in market. (cygnusspeciality.com)
- Our range of products include octreotide 30 mg injection by sun pharma, octreotide lar injection and octreotide long-acting release injection. (healthkindpharma.com)
Effect of octreotide2
- What is the effect of Octreotide on the Kidneys? (myupchar.com)
- What is the effect of Octreotide on the Liver? (myupchar.com)
Hormone somatostatin2
- The octreotide acts similar to the hormone somatostatin. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Octreotide is a synthetic long-acting cyclic octapeptide with pharmacologic properties mimicking those of the natural hormone somatostatin. (difficultpeptide.com)
Subcutaneous octreotide2
- Can subcutaneous octreotide be given IV? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- Three groups of rabbits including control group (10 rabbits), diabetes group (10 rabbits with alloxan-induced diabetes), and treatment group (10 rabbits with alloxan-induced diabetes and treatment with subcutaneous octreotide 2,5mg, twice a day) were studied with light and transmission electron microscopy after 3 months of follow-up. (sdu.edu.tr)
Octapeptide2
- Octreotide, sold under the brand name Sandostatin among others, is an octapeptide that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically, though it is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than the natural hormone. (wikipedia.org)
- The plasma concentration and biliary excretion profiles of a cationic cyclic octapeptide, octreotide, were compared between control rats and rats given an intravenous infusion of a bile acid, taurocholate (TCA), and an organic anion, dibromosulfophthalein (DBSP). (aspetjournals.org)
Lanreotide1
- There is insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of octreotide and lanreotide in orthostatic intolerance disorders. (lancashireandsouthcumbriammg.nhs.uk)
Drugs3
- Octreotide - Chemotherapy Drugs - Chemocare. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- These estimate shows that the demand for treatment drugs such as octreotide will grow. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Henceforth it is important to tackle these world challenges by supplying adequate octreotide drugs for the diseased. (futuremarketinsights.com)
Neuroendocrine tumours3
- Octreotide (usually as the derivative edotreotide or DOTATOC) can also be labeled with a variety of therapeutic radionuclides, such as yttrium-90 or lutetium-177, to enable peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for the treatment of unresectable neuroendocrine tumours. (wikipedia.org)
- We aimed to assess the combination of everolimus plus octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR) in patients with low-grade or intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumours (carcinoid). (elsevierpure.com)
- Everolimus plus octreotide LAR, compared with placebo plus octreotide LAR, improved progression-free survival in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumours associated with carcinoid syndrome. (elsevierpure.com)
20161
- On November 28, aggressive intravenous (IV) fluid hydration, IV octreotide,* 2016, members of the Bay Area Mycological Society notified and IV silibinin. (cdc.gov)
Scintigraphy2
- Octreotide and related somatostatin analogs in the diagnosis and treatment of pituitary disease and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. (medscape.com)
- Okuyucu K, Alagoz E, Arslan N, Taslipinar A, Deveci MS, Bolu E. Thyrotropinoma with Graves' disease detected by the fusion of indium-111 octreotide scintigraphy and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging. (medscape.com)
Peptide3
- Octreotide is used to treat severe watery diarrhea and sudden reddening of the face and neck caused by certain types of tumors (such as carcinoid tumors, vasoactive intestinal peptide tumors) that are found usually in the intestines and pancreas. (kaiserpermanente.org)
- Octreotide basically lowers the variety of hormone such as insulin, glucagon, growth hormone and others, Octreotide reduces chemical messengers such as gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide that cause disease symptoms. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Introduction: Octreotide, a synthetic peptide with remarkable inhibitory properties, has revolutionized the treatment landscape for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and other conditions characterized by hormonal overproduction. (shortkro.com)
Patients6
- Novartis also has the following information: 'It can be expected that any octreotide that is excreted by patients will be rapidly degraded. (janusinfo.se)
- For patients on a stable dose of Octreotide, assessment of GH and IGF-1 should be made every 6 months. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- Octreotide may be used in diazoxide-unresponsive patients but is often ineffective because of down-regulation of the somatostatin receptor, and it carries a risk of causing necrotizing enterocolitis and death. (medscape.com)
- The 79517-01-4 octreotide also treats the joint pains and make the patients suffering from diarrhea feel comfortable. (omizzurpeptide.com)
- Octreotide is also used to prevent complications after surgery of the pancreas, to stop bleeding, and protect from re-bleeding from ruptured gastro-oesophageal varices (abnormal veins) in patients suffering from cirrhosis (chronic liver disease), and to relieve symptoms associated with excess production of certain hormones and other related substances by the stomach, bowels or pancreas. (netmeds.com)
- Octreotide also helps to control bleeding and reduce transfusion requirements in patients with ruptured gastro-oesophageal varices. (netmeds.com)
Infusion5
- Octreotide is often given as an infusion for management of acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis on the basis that it reduces portal venous pressure, though current evidence suggests that this effect is transient and does not improve survival. (wikipedia.org)
- How do you give octreotide infusion? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- When can I stop octreotide infusion? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- We describe a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled feasibility study of continuous infusion of octreotide during liver transplantation surgery. (plymouth.ac.uk)
- A blinded infusion during surgery will be administered in a 2:1 ratio of octreotide:placebo. (plymouth.ac.uk)
Symptoms1
- If no relevant reduction in GH levels and no improvement in clinical symptoms have been achieved within 3 months of starting treatment with Octreotide, therapy should be discontinued. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
Hepatic3
- The uptake study using primary cultured hepatocytes suggested that a high level of unidentified endogenous substrate(s) in EHBR plasma may be responsible for the reduction of hepatic uptake of octreotide in EHBRs. (aspetjournals.org)
- In conclusion, we have demonstrated in vivo that carrier-mediated hepatic uptake of octreotide is inhibited by TCA and DBSP and that the CL up obtained in vivo is comparable with the CL up obtained in vitro in isolated hepatocytes and primary cultured hepatocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
- however, there is in vitro evidence that octreotide also acts to inhibit hepatic IGF1 generation. (manchester.ac.uk)
Diarrhea2
- By decreasing watery diarrhea, octreotide helps to reduce the loss of body fluids and minerals. (kaiserpermanente.org)
- The use of octreotide is expected to grow because of increase in number of people diagnosed with cancer, diarrhea and tumors. (futuremarketinsights.com)
Liver4
- The tissue uptake clearance ( CL up ) of octreotide in plasma and several tissues was determined, and extensive uptake of octreotide (0.20 ml/min/g liver) was observed only in liver. (aspetjournals.org)
- Octreotide may cause harmful effects on liver. (myupchar.com)
- Schwartz, J 2007, ' Long-acting octreotide for advanced liver cancer: A well-designed negative trial - Commentary ', Evidence-Based Gastroenterology , vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 43-44. (elsevierpure.com)
- Octreotide, by preventing emptying of the gallbladder, might reduce received reports of only a few mushroom poisoning cases per recirculation of amatoxins in bile to the liver. (cdc.gov)
Tumors1
- How often should you take octreotide for carcinoid tumors? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
Glucagon2
- People with diabetes mellitus might need less insulin or oral antidiabetics when treated with octreotide, as it inhibits glucagon secretion more strongly and for a longer time span than insulin secretion. (wikipedia.org)
- Octreotide is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than somatostatin. (difficultpeptide.com)
Vitro1
- To compare CL up between in vivo and in vitro , the initial velocity of octreotide uptake by isolated hepatocytes and primary cultured hepatocytes was measured. (aspetjournals.org)
Intravenous1
- Both TCA and DBSP reduced the plasma elimination and biliary excretion of octreotide after its intravenous bolus administration. (aspetjournals.org)
Reduce3
- medical citation needed] Octreotide is used in the palliative care setting to reduce gastrointestinal secretions, with the intention of alleviating vomiting associated with bowel obstruction. (wikipedia.org)
- Octreotide can reduce the intestinal reabsorption of ciclosporin, possibly making it necessary to increase the dose. (wikipedia.org)
- Octreotide may reduce the incidence of renal dysfunction, perioperative haemorrhage and enhance intraoperative blood pressure. (plymouth.ac.uk)
Growth1
- Octreotide works by decreasing the amount of growth hormone to normal levels. (kaiserpermanente.org)
Novartis2
- Fass environmental information for octreotide (Octreotide Teva, Oktreotid SUN och Sandostatin) from Teva, SUN Pharmaceutical and Novartis, respectively. (janusinfo.se)
- Some of the Octreotide producers are Novartis pharmaceuticals corp. (futuremarketinsights.com)
Congenital2
- Octreotide is also used in the treatment of refractory hypoglycemia or congenital hyperinsulinism in neonates and sulphonylurea-induced hypoglycemia in adults. (wikipedia.org)
- 5] Severe cases of congenital HI may be unresponsive to either diazoxide or octreotide and require intensive management with tube feedings, near-total pancreatectomy, or partial pancreatectomy. (medscape.com)
Depot1
- When to switch to long acting octreotide depot? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
Synthetic1
- Octreotide Human Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 8 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 1019.26 Dalton and a molecular formula of C49H66N10O10S-2. (biovendor.com)
Rats2
- Rats which were treated by octreotide experienced erectile dysfunction in a 1998 study. (wikipedia.org)
- Biliary excretion of octreotide is reduced in Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats (EHBRs), which have a heredity defect of multispecific organic anion transporter on the bile canalicular membrane, compared with that of Sprague-Dawley rats. (aspetjournals.org)
Nuclear medicine1
- Octreotide is used in nuclear medicine imaging by labeling with indium-111 (Octreoscan) to noninvasively image neuroendocrine and other tumours expressing somatostatin receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Ligand2
- DOTA-NOC (DOTA-[Nal3]-octreotide), precursor for radiolabeled DOTA-NOC and ligand for somatostatin receptors. (jpt.com)
- They were divided into two groups, one of which was given oral octreotide, and the other was given injectable somatostatin receptor ligand therapy. (patientworthy.com)
Stable1
- Lyophilized Octreotide although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Octreotide should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). (biovendor.com)
Treatment5
- citation needed] Octreotide has not been adequately studied for the treatment of children as well as pregnant and lactating women. (wikipedia.org)
- The important restraining factor for Octreotide Market is the lack research of Octreotide for the treatment of children, pregnant and lactating women. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- The results of this study show an improvement in cardiac structural and functional abnormalities during chronic treatment with octreotide, thus supporting the hypothesis of a specific heart disease secondary to high circulating GH levels. (unina.it)
- Efficacy of Octreotide Treatment in Diab. (sdu.edu.tr)
- With its long-acting release formula, octreotide may provide a novel treatment option for cases suffering from otherwise untreatable clinically significant diabetic macular edema. (sdu.edu.tr)
Release1
- Chiasma Inc., a U.S. privately-held biopharma company, announced today that results from a multicenter Phase III study of the investigational new drug, octreotide capsules, were published online for early release on Feb. 9, ahead of print, by the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. (news-medical.net)
Side effects4
- What are the side effects of octreotide? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- In the absence of any scientific study about the side effects of Octreotide in breastfeeding women, information on safety of Octreotide is unavailable. (myupchar.com)
- Octreotide can have moderate side effects on the heart. (myupchar.com)
- There isn't any research available on the side effects of taking Octreotide with food. (myupchar.com)
Pregnant2
- Is the use of Octreotide safe for pregnant women? (myupchar.com)
- The effects of Octreotide on pregnant women are unknown since no research has been done to ascertain it yet. (myupchar.com)
Gastrointestinal1
- Octreotide helps in management of the fistula by reducing gastrointestinal secretions and inhibiting gastrointestinal motility, thus controlling and reducing its output. (wikipedia.org)