Ochratoxins
Aspergillus ochraceus
Mycotoxin determinations on animal feedstuffs and tissues in Western Canada. (1/282)
Results of examination of specimens of plant or animal origin for various mycotoxins are presented. Analyses for aflatoxins and ochratoxins were most frequently requested, usually on the basis of visible mouldiness. Aflatoxin B1 was found in one of 100 specimens at a level of 50 ppb in a sample of alfalfa brome hay. Ochratoxin A was detected in seven of 95 specimens comprising six samples of wheat at levels between 30 and 6000 ppb and one sample of hay at a level of 30 ppb. An overall detection rate of 4.2% involving significant levels of potent mycotoxins suggests that acute or chronic mycotoxicoses may occur in farm livestock or poultry more frequently than presently diagnosied. (+info)Serum levels of ochratoxin A in healthy adults in Tuscany: correlation with individual characteristics and between repeat measurements. (2/282)
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin widely contaminating staple foods and beverages, has been classified as a "possible human carcinogen (Group 2B)" by the IARC. Serum levels of OTA were measured in a group of 138 healthy adults (age, 35-65 years) living in the area surrounding Florence (Tuscany, central Italy) and detected in all but four samples (97%). After the exclusion of one subject with a peak value of 57.2 ng/ml, OTA levels ranged between 0.12 and 2.84 ng/ml, with mean and median values of 0.56 and 0.48 ng/ml, respectively. OTA levels were significantly higher in men than in women (0.64 versus 0.50) and correlated positively with height. A strong association was found with the season in which blood samples were obtained, with summer values higher than autumn values. On the other hand, OTA levels tended to be negatively associated with blood pressure, either systolic or diastolic; no association was evident with age, weight, body mass index, and smoking history. The associations with height and season persisted in a multivariate regression analysis. A subgroup of subjects provided a repeat blood sample approximately 1 year later. The Spearman correlation coefficient between 68 pairs of original and repeat measurements was practically null (r = 0.05). Only two subjects (2.9%) had OTA levels of >1 ng/ml on both occasions. These results suggest that OTA contamination is widespread in foods consumed by this population, in agreement with previous reports from Italy and other countries. A strong seasonal variation, which possibly differs from year to year, was observed. OTA serum levels are a short-term biomarker with a high within-subject variability; therefore they have limited use at the individual level but can be used to characterize populations or subgroups of subjects. Additional analyses are needed to explore the dietary determinants of OTA levels in this population. (+info)Polyspecific substrate uptake by the hepatic organic anion transporter Oatp1 in stably transfected CHO cells. (3/282)
The rat liver organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp1) has been extensively characterized mainly in the Xenopus laevis expression system as a polyspecific carrier transporting organic anions (bile salts), neutral compounds, and even organic cations. In this study, we extended this characterization using a mammalian expression system and confirm the basolateral hepatic expression of Oatp1 with a new antibody. Besides sulfobromophthalein [Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of approximately 3 microM], taurocholate (Km of approximately 32 microM), and estradiol- 17beta-glucuronide (Km of approximately 4 microM), substrates previously shown to be transported by Oatp1 in transfected HeLa cells, we determined the kinetic parameters for cholate (Km of approximately 54 microM), glycocholate (Km of approximately 54 microM), estrone-3-sulfate (Km of approximately 11 microM), CRC-220 (Km of approximately 57 microM), ouabain (Km of approximately 3,000 microM), and ochratoxin A (Km of approximately 29 microM) in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In addition, three new substrates, taurochenodeoxycholate (Km of approximately 7 microM), tauroursodeoxycholate (Km of approximately 13 microM), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (Km of approximately 5 microM), were also investigated. The results establish the polyspecific nature of Oatp1 in a mammalian expression system and definitely identify conjugated dihydroxy bile salts and steroid conjugates as high-affinity endogenous substrates of Oatp1. (+info)Molecular cloning and characterization of a new multispecific organic anion transporter from rat brain. (4/282)
A cDNA encoding the new member of the multispecific organic anion transporter family, OAT3, was isolated by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction cloning method. Degenerate primers were designed based on the sequences conserved among OAT1, OAT2, and organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed using rat brain poly(A)+ RNA. The 536-amino acid protein sequence encoded by OAT3 showed 49, 39, and 36% identity to those of OAT1, OAT2, and OCT1, respectively. Northern blot analysis revealed that rat OAT3 mRNA is expressed in the liver, brain, kidney, and eye. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, OAT3 mediated the uptake of organic anions, such as p-aminohippurate (Km = 65 microM), ochratoxin A (Km = 0.74 microM), and estrone sulfate (Km = 2.3 microM) and a cationic compound, cimetidine. OAT3-mediated uptake of [3H]estrone sulfate was sodium-independent. para-Aminohippuric acid, estrone sulfate or ochratoxin A did not show any trans-stimulatory effect on either influx or efflux of [3H]estrone sulfate via OAT3. Organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein, probenecid, indocyanine green, bumetanide, piroxicam, furosemide, azidodeoxythymidine, 4, 4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-3,3'-disulfonic acid, and benzylpenicillin inhibited OAT3-mediated estrone sulfate uptake, while ouabain and digoxin did not. Organic cations such as tetraethylammonium, guanidine, verapamil, and quinidine did not interact with OAT3. Acidic metabolites of neurotransmitters derived from dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin inhibited the uptake of estrone sulfate via OAT3. These results suggest an important role of OAT3 in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain. (+info)Transport of ochratoxin A by renal multispecific organic anion transporter 1. (5/282)
In the present study, we investigated the transport of ochratoxin A (OTA) by kidney-specific organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1). When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, OAT1 mediated sodium-independent uptake of OTA (Km = 2.1 microM). Piroxicam, which has been shown to prevent the nephrotoxicity of OTA, inhibited OAT1-mediated uptake of OTA. By contrast, another protective compound, aspartame, did not. Using a cell line derived from the mouse kidney terminal proximal tubule (S3) transfected with OAT1 cDNA, we investigated the transport of OTA and also its effect on cell proliferation and cell viability. S3 cells expressing OAT1 mediated the saturable transport of OTA (Km = 0.57 microM). Cell proliferation was suppressed in S3 cells expressing OAT1 when exposed to 2 and 10 microM OTA. This suppression was rescued by the coaddition of 1 mM p-aminohippurate in the media. The present study indicates that OTA is transported by OAT1 and that the accumulation of OTA via OAT1 in proximal tubular cells is the primary event in the development of OTA nephrotoxicity. (+info)Metabolism and excretion of ochratoxin A fed to sheep. (6/282)
Hydrolysis of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OA) to ochratoxin alpha (Oalpha) by microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract leads to the excretion of OA as the nontoxic alpha form. The Oalpha form is the principal means for the detoxification of OA. In the current experiment, three groups of four sheep were fed diets consisting of 70% concentrates and 30% hay (dry matter basis, energy to supply 1.1 times the requirement for maintenance) for 4 wk with three dietary concentrations of OA (0, 2, or 5 mg/kg of concentrate feed). The OA content did not affect feed intake or nutrient digestibility. In a preliminary experiment, an OA dose of 20 mg/kg of concentrate feed greatly reduced feed intake. After 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk of the trial, significant concentrations of OA were detected in the serum of the animals fed 2 or 5 mg of OA/kg feed. This suggested that even at a dosage of 2 mg of OA/kg of concentrate feed, considerable amounts of OA were not degraded by ruminal and intestinal microorganisms. The analysis of the feces and urine samples reflected these findings; OA and Oalpha were found in significant concentrations, escaping fermentation in the rumen and in the hindgut. The current experiment demonstrates that OA hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep is substantially less than previously described, especially if OA is ingested in combination with concentrate-rich diets. (+info)Toxic effects of mycotoxins in humans. (7/282)
Mycotoxicoses are diseases caused by mycotoxins, i.e. secondary metabolites of moulds. Although they occur more frequently in areas with a hot and humid climate, favourable for the growth of moulds, they can also be found in temperate zones. Exposure to mycotoxins is mostly by ingestion, but also occurs by the dermal and inhalation routes. Mycotoxicoses often remain unrecognized by medical professionals, except when large numbers of people are involved. The present article reviews outbreaks of mycotoxicoses where the mycotoxic etiology of the disease is supported by mycotoxin analysis or identification of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Epidemiological, clinical and histological findings (when available) in outbreaks of mycotoxicoses resulting from exposure to aflatoxins, ergot, trichothecenes, ochratoxins, 3-nitropropionic acid, zearalenone and fumonisins are discussed. (+info)Molecular cloning and characterization of multispecific organic anion transporter 4 expressed in the placenta. (8/282)
A cDNA encoding a novel multispecific organic anion transporter, OAT4, was isolated from a human kidney cDNA library. The OAT4 cDNA consisted of 2210 base pairs that encoded a 550-amino acid residue protein with 12 putative membrane-spanning domains. The amino acid sequence of OAT4 showed 38 to 44% identity to those of other members of the OAT family. Northern blot analysis revealed that OAT4 mRNA is abundantly expressed in the placenta as well as in the kidney. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, OAT4 mediated the high affinity transport of estrone sulfate (K(m) = 1.01 microM) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (K(m) = 0.63 microM) in a sodium-independent manner. OAT4 also mediated the transport of ochratoxin A. OAT4-mediated transport of estrone sulfate was inhibited by several sulfate conjugates, such as p-nitrophenyl sulfate, alpha-naphthyl sulfate, beta-estradiol sulfate, and 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate. By contrast, glucuronide conjugates showed little or no inhibitory effect on the OAT4-mediated transport of estrone sulfate. OAT4 interacted with chemically heterogeneous anionic compounds, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, sulfobromophthalein, penicillin G, and bile salts, whereas tetraethylammonium, an organic cation, did not. OAT4 is the first member of the multispecific organic anion transporter family, which is expressed abundantly in the placenta. OAT4 might be responsible for the elimination and detoxification of harmful anionic substances from the fetus. (+info)Ochratoxins are mycotoxins produced primarily by certain fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, characterized as foul-smelling, yellowish-green powder with a molecular structure that includes a dihydroisocoumarin moiety linked to L-β-phenylalanine, known to contaminate various agricultural commodities and potentially pose a risk to human and animal health through exposure via ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact.
Ochratoxins are a type of mycotoxin, which are toxic compounds produced by certain types of molds or fungi. Specifically, ochratoxins are produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium molds that can contaminate a variety of agricultural crops, such as grains, nuts, coffee beans, dried fruits, and wine.
Ochratoxin A is the most prevalent and studied member of this family of mycotoxins. It is known to have nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic effects in various animal species. In humans, exposure to ochratoxin A has been linked to kidney disease, developmental toxicity, and possibly cancer.
Ochratoxins can enter the human body through the consumption of contaminated food or drink. Once inside, they can accumulate in tissues, particularly in the kidneys, where they can cause damage over time. It is important to note that exposure to ochratoxins should be minimized to reduce the risk of health effects.
'Aspergillus ochraceus' is a species of filamentous fungi (mold) belonging to the Aspergillus genus, known for its ability to produce ochratoxin A and other mycotoxins, which can contaminate various food products and potentially cause health issues in both humans and animals.
'Aspergillus ochraceus' is a species of fungi that belongs to the genus Aspergillus. The term 'Aspergillus ochraceus' is used in medical and scientific contexts to refer to this specific type of fungus. It is commonly found in soil, decaying vegetation, and other organic matter, and can also be found in indoor environments such as air conditioning systems, carpeting, and drywall.
While 'Aspergillus ochraceus' is not typically associated with human disease, it can cause invasive aspergillosis in individuals with weakened immune systems, particularly those who have undergone organ transplants or have certain types of cancer. The fungus can also produce toxins that can cause allergic reactions and other health problems in some people.
It's worth noting that while 'Aspergillus ochraceus' is a specific species of fungi, there are many other species of Aspergillus that can also cause human disease, including the more common 'Aspergillus fumigatus'.
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain types of fungi, which can contaminate food and feed crops, potentially leading to serious health issues in both humans and animals when ingested.
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain types of fungi (molds) that can contaminate food and feed crops, both during growth and storage. These toxins can cause a variety of adverse health effects in humans and animals, ranging from acute poisoning to long-term chronic exposure, which may lead to immune suppression, cancer, and other diseases. Mycotoxin-producing fungi mainly belong to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria. Common mycotoxins include aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, patulin, and citrinin. The presence of mycotoxins in food and feed is a significant public health concern and requires stringent monitoring and control measures to ensure safety.
'Food contamination' is the presence or introduction into food of harmful microorganisms, chemicals, radioactive substances, or foreign bodies that can cause disease, injury, or illness to the consumer when eaten.
Food contamination is the presence of harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or foreign substances in food or water that can cause illness or injury to individuals who consume it. This can occur at any stage during production, processing, storage, or preparation of food, and can result from various sources such as:
1. Biological contamination: This includes the presence of harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi that can cause foodborne illnesses. Examples include Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, and norovirus.
2. Chemical contamination: This involves the introduction of hazardous chemicals into food, which may occur due to poor handling practices, improper storage, or exposure to environmental pollutants. Common sources of chemical contamination include pesticides, cleaning solvents, heavy metals, and natural toxins produced by certain plants or fungi.
3. Physical contamination: This refers to the presence of foreign objects in food, such as glass, plastic, hair, or insects, which can pose a choking hazard or introduce harmful substances into the body.
Preventing food contamination is crucial for ensuring food safety and protecting public health. Proper hygiene practices, temperature control, separation of raw and cooked foods, and regular inspections are essential measures to minimize the risk of food contamination.
Ochratoxin
... A Ochratoxin B Ochratoxin C Ochratoxin TA Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Manderville RA (2007). "Ochratoxin A: An overview on ... Ochratoxin A is the most prevalent and relevant fungal toxin of this group, while ochratoxins B and C are of lesser importance ... Exposure to ochratoxins through diet can cause acute toxicity in mammalian kidneys. Exposure to ochratoxin A has been ... Ochratoxin A is known to occur in commodities such as cereals, coffee, dried fruit, and red wine. It is possibly a human ...
Ochratoxin A
Fruit (except raisins and dried fruit) are very poor in ochratoxin, and processed meat can be rich in ochratoxin. Ochratoxin A ... Ochratoxin Al-Anati L, Petzinger E (2006). "Immunotoxic activity of ochratoxin A". J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 29 (2): 79-90. doi: ... Ochratoxin A, like most toxic substances, has large species- and sex-specific toxicological differences. Ochratoxin A is ... The developing brain is very susceptible to ochratoxin, hence the need for caution during pregnancy. Ochratoxin A can cause ...
Penicillium verrucosum
"Ochratoxins". Food Safety Watch. Retrieved 7 November 2016. Pitt, J.I.; Hocking, A.D. (1999). Fungi and food spoilage (2nd ed ... Experimental results showed that the mycotoxins ochratoxin A and citrinin are produced by P. verrucosum but not by P. ... Penicillium verrucosum produces a very potent mycotoxin called ochratoxin A (OTA). This mycotoxin is immunosuppressive and ... Pfohl-Leszkowicz, Annie; Manderville, Richard (2007). "Ochratoxin A: An overview on toxicity and carcinogenicity in animals and ...
Mycotoxicology
Ochratoxin: Ochratoxin A was discovered as a metabolite of Aspergillus ochraceus in 1965 during a large screen of fungal ... Ochratoxin A: occurrence as natural contaminant of a corn sample. Appl. Microbiol. 17:765-766 Abarca, M. L., M. R. Bragulat, G ... Studies on ochratoxins. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2:499-524 Ciegler, A., R. W. Detroy, and E. B. Lillejoj. 1971. Patulin, penicillic ... Ochratoxin A production by strains of Aspergillus niger var. niger. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:2650-2652. Bayman, P., J. L. ...
Mycotoxin
The three forms differ in that Ochratoxin B (OTB) is a nonchlorinated form of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and that Ochratoxin C (OTC) is ... Ochratoxin is a mycotoxin that comes in three secondary metabolite forms, A, B, and C. All are produced by Penicillium and ... Mateo R, Medina A, Mateo EM, Mateo F, Jiménez M (2007). "An overview of ochratoxin A in beer and wine". Int. J. Food Microbiol ... Citrinin can also act synergistically with Ochratoxin A to depress RNA synthesis in murine kidneys. Ergot alkaloids are ...
Aspergillus ochraceus
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin produced by A. ochraceus, contaminates food and initiates apoptosis of plant cells. Significant ... Aspergillus ochraceus is a mold species in the genus Aspergillus known to produce the toxin ochratoxin A, one of the most ... Li, F; Ji, R (March 2003). "[Ochratoxin A and human health]". Wei Sheng Yan Jiu = Journal of Hygiene Research. 32 (2): 172-5. ... Kumar M, Dwivedi P, Sharma AK, Sankar M, Patil RD, Singh ND (2014). "Apoptosis and lipid peroxidation in ochratoxin A- and ...
Microbial toxin
The most researched ochratoxin is the Ochratoxin A (OTA), which is a fungal toxin. This mycotoxin targets the OTA of kidneys ... Ochratoxin A is an immunosuppressive compound. Ochratoxin is a renal carcinogen, which has been found by animals containing OTA ... Ochratoxin is a mycotoxin that is produced by Aspergillus species and Penicillium species. ...
Aspergillus niger
A. niger produces a wide variety of secondary metabolites, some of which are mycotoxins called ochratoxins, such as ochratoxin ... ISBN 978-90-70351-46-5. Samson, RA, Houbraken JA, Kuijpers AF, Frank JM, Frisvad JC (2004). "New ochratoxin A or sclerotium ... Abarca ML, Bragulat MR, Castellá G, Cabañes FJ (July 1994). "Ochratoxin A production by strains of Aspergillus niger var. niger ... October 2018). "A quantitative study on growth variability and production of ochratoxin A and its derivatives by A. carbonarius ...
Aspergillus steynii
It has been shown to produce Ochratoxin A. The genome of A. steynii was sequenced as a part of the Aspergillus whole-genome ... Frisvad, JC; Frank, JM; Houbraken, JAMP; Kuijpers, AFA; Samson, RA (2004). "New ochratoxin A producing species of Aspergillus ... "Revision of ochratoxin a production capacity by the main species of Aspergillus section Circumdati. Aspergillus steynii ... "Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Aspergillus roseoglobulosus
New ochratoxin A producing species of Aspergillus section Circumdati. Studies in Mycology. 50(1):23-44 "Info - Aspergillus ... It has been reported to produce ochratoxin A, penicillic acid, xanthomegnin, viomellein, and vioxanthin. In 2016, the genome of ...
Aspergillus cretensis
New ochratoxin A producing species of Aspergillus section Circumdati. Studies in Mycology. 50(1):23-44 Visagie, C.M.; Varga, J ... It has been reported to produce ochratoxin A and penicillic acid. A. cretensis has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract ... "Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Aspergillus westerdijkiae
New ochratoxin A producing species of Aspergillus section Circumdati. Studies in Mycology. 50(1):23-44 Visagie, C.M.; Varga, J ... It has been reported to produce penicillic acid, ochratoxin A, xanthomegnin, viomellein, and vioxanthin. A. westerdijkiae has ... "Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Aspergillus pseudoelegans
New ochratoxin A producing species of Aspergillus section Circumdati. Studies in Mycology. 50(1):23-44 Visagie, C.M.; Varga, J ... It has been reported to produce asteltoxins and ochratoxin A. A. pseudoelegans has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract ... "Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
John I. Pitt
"Ochratoxigenic fungi and ochratoxin a in cocoa during farm processing". International Journal of Food Microbiology. 143 (1-2): ... "Australian research on ochratoxigenic fungi and ochratoxin A". International Journal of Food Microbiology. 111: S10-S17. doi: ...
Citrinin
The combination which is observed most often is citrinin with ochratoxin A and this is also the most studied combination. The ... Sándor, G; Busch, A; Watzke, H; Reek, J; Ványi, A (1991). "Subacute toxicity testing of ochratoxin-A and citrinin in swine". ... Citrinin often occurs together with other mycotoxins like ochratoxin A or aflatoxin B1, because they are produced by the same ... The nephrotoxic effects of ochratoxin A and citrinin, for example, are increased synergistic when exposure to both takes place ...
Aspergillus flocculosus
New ochratoxin A producing species of Aspergillus section Circumdati. Studies in Mycology. 50(1):23-44 Visagie, C.M.; Varga, J ... "Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Aspergillus westlandensis
"Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ... viomellein and vioxanthin and traces of ochratoxin A. A. westlandensis has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar ( ...
Aspergillus pallidofulvus
"Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Aspergillus alliaceus
"Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Aspergillus pulvericola
A. pulvericola produces ochratoxin A. A. pulvericola has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates and ... "Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ... "Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Aspergillus persii
... produces xanthomegnin and ochratoxin A. A. persii has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA ... "Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Aspergillus muricatus
"Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Aspergillus homomorphus
New ochratoxin A or sclerotium producing species in Aspergillus section Nigri. Studies in Mycology. 50(1):45-62 Pel, H. J.; de ...
Aspergillus sclerotiorum
"Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Aspergillus fresenii
... produces ochratoxin A, ochratoxin B, ochratoxin C, aspochracins, mellamides, orthosporins, radarins, ... "Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Aspergillus ostianus
It has been reported to produce ochratoxin A. A. ostianus has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates ... "Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Aspergillus albertensis
A. albertensis has been shown to produce ochratoxin A and B. It forms yellow spores. A. albertensis has been cultivated on both ... "Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Aspergillus elegans
"Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Johanna Westerdijk
2004). "New ochratoxin A producing species of Aspergillus section Circumdati" (PDF). Studies in Mycology. 50: 30. Beverwijk, A. ...
Aspergillus occultus
It has been reported to produce ochratoxin A and penicillic acid. A. occultus has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract ... "Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ... "Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati)". Studies in Mycology. 78: 1-61. ...
Ochratoxin - Wikipedia
Ochratoxin A Ochratoxin B Ochratoxin C Ochratoxin TA Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Manderville RA (2007). "Ochratoxin A: An overview on ... Ochratoxin A is the most prevalent and relevant fungal toxin of this group, while ochratoxins B and C are of lesser importance ... Exposure to ochratoxins through diet can cause acute toxicity in mammalian kidneys. Exposure to ochratoxin A has been ... Ochratoxin A is known to occur in commodities such as cereals, coffee, dried fruit, and red wine. It is possibly a human ...
Frontiers | Advances in Biodetoxification of Ochratoxin A-A Review of the Past Five Decades
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic secondary fungal metabolite that widely takes place in various kinds of foodstuffs and feeds. ... Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic secondary fungal metabolite that widely takes place in various kinds of foodstuffs and feeds. ... Müller, H. M., Lerch, C., Müller, K., and Eggert, W. (1998). Kinetic profiles of Ochratoxin A and Ochratoxin Alpha during in ... Zhihong, L., Kunlun, H., and Yunbo, L. (2015). Ochratoxin A and ochratoxin-producing fungi on cereal grain in China: a review. ...
Renal Toxicodynamics of Ochratoxin A: A Pathophysiological Approach | Kidney and Blood Pressure Research | Karger Publishers
Renal Toxicodynamics of Ochratoxin A: A Pathophysiological Approach Subject Area: Cardiovascular System , Nephrology ... Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary fungal metabolite that has been detected in a variety of animal chows, human food and in up ... Derangement of pH Homeostasis in the Renal Papilla: Ochratoxin A Increases pH in Vasa recta Blood Nephron (December,2008) ... The Role of the Proximal Tubule in Ochratoxin A Nephrotoxicity in vivo: Toxodynamic and Toxokinetic Aspects Renal Physiology ...
Neogen Reveal Q+ for T-2/HT-2 toxins, Ochratoxin From: Neogen | WATTPoultry.com
The Ochratoxin test provides results ranging from 2 to 20 parts per billion in nine minutes. Reveal Q+ test strips are read in ... Neogen offers a Reveal Q+ test for T-2/HT-2 toxins and Ochratoxin. The T-2/HT-2 test delivers results ranging from 50 to 600 ... Fill out the form below to request more information about Neogen Reveal Q+ for T-2/HT-2 toxins, Ochratoxin ...
"Fungal Contamination and the Incidence of Ochratoxin-A In Some Cereals" by NURAL KARGÖZLÜ and MEHMET KARAPINAR
... were analysed for ochratoxin-A and fungal contamination. Ochratoxin-A was detected in four samples at the level of 0.27-9.84 ... Ochratoxin-A was detected in four samples at the level of 0.27-9.84 ppb in one wheat, two corn and one oat flour samples. Total ... One hundred samples (wheat, corn, corn flour, oat, oat flour, muesli) were analysed for ochratoxin-A and fungal contamination. ... KARGÖZLÜ, NURAL and KARAPINAR, MEHMET (2000) "Fungal Contamination and the Incidence of Ochratoxin-A In Some Cerealsand ...
Ochratoxin A in grain dust-estimated exposure and relations to agricultural practices in grain production.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxin frequently contaminating grains. OTA inhalation during grain handling may therefore ... Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxin frequently contaminating grains. OTA inhalation during grain handling may therefore ... Ochratoxin A in grain dust-estimated exposure and relations to agricultural practices in grain production. ...
OtaCLEAN™ immunoaffinity columns for ochratoxin A
... for ochratoxin A is available for different matrices; HPLC, LC-MS/MS suitable. Advantages: Recoveries up to 90%, format 1 mL ... Red Wine / OtaCLEAN / Ochratoxin (pdf , 612.63 KB) Nutmeg / OtaCLEAN / Ochratoxin (pdf , 1.01 MB) Flour / OtaCLEAN / Ochratoxin ... Rye Bread / OtaCLEAN / Ochratoxin (pdf , 1.06 MB) Dry Parsley / OtacLEAN / OtaCLEAN SMART / Ochratoxin (pdf , 1.23 MB) Figs / ... Coffee / OtaCLEAN / Ochratoxin (pdf , 1.96 MB) Ras el Hanout, Spiced Mixture / OtaCLEAN / Ochratoxin (pdf , 440.84 KB) Beer / ...
Ochratoxin A in Selected Foods - April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2018 and April 1, 2019 to March 31, 2022 - Canadian Food Inspection...
... ochratoxin A or OTA). This report provides the results of a chemistry survey that was carried out to detect a toxin (ochratoxin ... Ochratoxin A in Selected Foods - April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2018 and April 1, 2019 to March 31, 2022. Food microbiology - ... Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin released by mould that can grow on agricultural products as a result of warm, wet climate ... Ochratoxin A in Selected Foods - April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2018 and April 1, 2019 to March 31, 2022 (PDF - 904 kb) ...
Förekomsten av aflatoxin B1 och ochratoxin A i kött och mjölk från livsmedelsproducerande djur samt dess påverkan på...
Förekomsten av aflatoxin B1 och ochratoxin A i kött och mjölk från livsmedelsproducerande djur samt dess påverkan på ... Förekomsten av aflatoxin B1 och ochratoxin A i kött och mjölk från livsmedelsproducerande djur samt dess påverkan på ... Ochratoxin A). They are produced by moulds growing on stored grains. The toxins can cause acute liver damage, liver cancer, ... ochratoxin A). Dessa produceras av mögelsvampar som livnär sig på lagrade spannmål. Toxinerna kan förorsaka akut leverskada, ...
Aflatoxin B1/B2/G1/G2, Deoxynivalenol, Fumonisin B1/B2/B3, Ochratoxin
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory
Ochratoxin A, T-2 Toxin, HT-2 Toxin and Zearalenone in a corn matrix. All Quality Control Materials are homogenized to a 100% ... Aflatoxin B1/B2/G1/G2, Deoxynivalenol, Fumonisin B1/B2/B3, Ochratoxin A, T-2 Toxin, HT-2 Toxin and Zearalenone in Corn Quality ... Aflatoxin B1/B2/G1/G2, Deoxynivalenol, Fumonisin B1/B2/B3, Ochratoxin A, T-2 Toxin, HT-2 Toxin and Zearalenone in Corn Quality ... Aflatoxin B1/B2/G1/G2, Deoxynivalenol, Fumonisin B1/B2/B3, Ochratoxin A, T-2 Toxin, HT-2 Toxin and Zearalenone in Corn Quality ...
Ochratoxin Rapid Test Kit
OCHRATOXIN A LEVELS IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE SAMPLES FROM TURKEY | AVESİS
HPC Ochratoxin AKeyword ochratoxin | Acta Veterinaria Brno
HEAT STABILITY OF OCHRATOXIN A
PC 6.08 Ochratoxin - Barista Hustle
PC 6.08 Ochratoxin. The major health risk associated with coffee that has not been processed properly is the formation of ... Ochratoxin contamination may develop on ripe or unripe cherries. It can also develop on beans during and after processing, but ... Wet-processed coffee appears to be less susceptible to infection by ochratoxin-producing moulds, probably because of the ... ochratoxin A (OTA). OTA is a secondary metabolite of two toxigenic mould genuses, Aspergillus and Penicillium. It has been ...
OCHRATOXIN A | SelfDecode | Genome Analysis
Ochratoxin A toxicity has large species- and sex-specific differences. Ochratoxin a belongs to the family of Ochratoxins and ... OCHRATOXIN A. Ochratoxin A Important Natural Compounds, Substances of Biological Interest, Food Toxin, Fungal Toxin, Natural ... Metabolism: Ochratoxin A is cleaved into phenylalanine and a less toxic iso-coumarin derivative (ochratoxin alpha) by the ... Ochratoxin A is found in stored grain products in UK (1997).Ochratoxin A, a toxin produced by Aspergillus ochraceus and ...
Biocomma - Copure® Ochratoxin A Immunoaffinity Columns
Ochratoxin A immunoaffinity column can selectively adsorb ochratoxin A in the sample extract, so as to have a very targeted ... Ochratoxin A is very common in moldy grains and feed. It comes from the aspergillus and penicillium on various crops (wheat, ... purification effect on ochratoxin A in the sample solution. ... Ochratoxin A, 1mL. 25 Pcs/Box. COAFOCH103. Ochratoxin A, 3mL. ... Copure® Ochratoxin A Immunoaffinity Columns. Ochratoxin A is very common in moldy grains and feed. It comes from the ...
Sinhala
Ochratoxin A (OTA) යනු ධාන්ය ධාන්යවල සිට ලොව පුරා විවිධ කෘෂිකාර්මික භාණ්ඩවල දක්නට ලැබෙන ස්වභාවිකව ඇති වන ආහාර බෝවන ... ochratoxin දූෂණය පාලනය කරන්නේ කෙසේද ආහාරවල ඇති ochratoxin දූෂණයට හේතුව. ochratoxin A ස්වභාවධර්මයේ බහුලව පැතිරී ඇති නිසා, ධාන්ය ... ochratoxin A මගින් දූෂිත වූ සත්ව ආහාර නිසා vivo තුළ ochratoxin A සමුච්චය වේ.Ochratoxin A සතුන් තුළ ඉතා ස්ථායී වන අතර පහසුවෙන් ... Ochratoxin A බොහෝ විට කිරි සහ කිරි නිෂ්පාදන වල අනාවරණය වේ.මිනිසුන් ochratoxin A හා ...
RIDA®QUICK Ochratoxin ECO - Food & Feed Analysis
sdsR5404_-_RIDA®QUICK_Ochratoxin_ECO_DE.pdf (German). sdsR5404_-_RIDA®QUICK_Ochratoxin_ECO_GB.pdf (English). sdsR5404_-_RIDA® ... QUICK_Ochratoxin_ECO_FR.pdf (French). sdsR5404_-_RIDA®QUICK_Ochratoxin_ECO_IT.pdf (Italian). sdsR5404_-_RIDA®QUICK_Ochratoxin_ ... RIDA®QUICK Ochratoxin ECO. Art. No.: R5404. Order now Request information. Click on the button to load the content from Hubspot ... The mycotoxin ochratoxin A is formed by fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. In addition to its pronounced ...
Ochratoxin in Sure Herbs, Spices, and Wine - Dealssoreal
We all know yeasts can take away ochratoxin in meals, however we didnt have a clue if it will work within the intestine till ... Yeast was discovered to bind as much as 44 p.c of the ochratoxin, however essentially, it was most likely nearer to solely a ... Ochratoxin is alleged to be a kidney toxin with immunosuppressive, delivery defect-causing, and carcinogenic properties. So, ... Okay, however what about ochratoxin? Oats are the main supply of dietary publicity of this mould contaminant, however they ...
Neocolumn for Ochratoxin A - Immunoaffinity Columns - Noack Group
Antigenotoxic Studies of Different Substances to Reduce the DNA Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A
Ochratoxin A molekuláris interakcióinak vizsgálata in vitro modell rendszerekben
Grains and Feed Mycotoxin Ochratoxin A ELISA Test Kit
The Ochratoxin A ELISA Kit is an indirect competitive ELISA for the quantitative analysis of Ochratoxin A in grain, feed, etc. ... The Ochratoxin A ELISA Kit is an indirect competitive ELISA for the quantitative analysis of Ochratoxin A in grain, feed, etc. ... Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium genera. Ochratoxin A has a strong liver ... Home,Technologies,ELISA Test Kits,Mycotoxin ELISA Test Kits,Grains and Feed Mycotoxin Ochratoxin A ELISA Test Kit ...
NEOGEN - Reveal® Q+ for Ochratoxin - PT. THERMALINDO SARANA LABORATORIA
... flow immunochromatographic assay based on a competitive immunoassay format intended for the quantitative testing of ochratoxin ... Q+ for Ochratoxin is a single-step lateral ... Reveal® Q+ for Ochratoxin is a single-step lateral flow ... immunochromatographic assay based on a competitive immunoassay format intended for the quantitative testing of ochratoxin in ...
Growth and ochratoxin A production of Aspergillus section Nigri isolates from Italian grapes
... Battilani, Paola;Pietri, Amedeo; ... Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin signalled in wine since 1996. Species belonging to the Nigri section of Aspergilli are those ... Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin signalled in wine since 1996. Species belonging to the Nigri section of Aspergilli are those ... Battilani, P., Pietri, A., Giorni, P., Bertuzzi, T., Barbano, C., Growth and ochratoxin A production of Aspergillus section ...
English
Keywords: wine, ochratoxin a, hplc-fd, immunoaffinity column, myxotocin. Cite this article: Valon Y. Durguti, Petya V. ... The results of all analyzed samples have been below the limit allowed by the EU for ochratoxin A i.e. 2 ng/ml. ... Abstract: Through the use of the analytical method known as HPLC-FD and previously used the method for extraction of ochratoxin ... QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF OCHRATOXIN A IN WINE. Journal of International Scientific Publications: Agriculture & Food 2, 411 ...
Brage INN: Presence of ochratoxin A in human milk in relation to dietary intake
Presence of ochratoxin A in human milk in relation to dietary intake. Skaug, Marit Aralt; Helland, Ingrid; Solvoll, Kari; ... Skaug, M.A., Helland, I., Solvoll, K. & Saugstad, O.D. (2001). Presence of ochratoxin A in human milk in relation to dietary ... Individual and geographical variations in ochratoxin A (OA) levels in human blood and milk samples may be due to differences in ...
![The Production of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin-A by Strains Isolated from Rice: Under Conditions [Abstract]](data:image/png;base64,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)
The Production of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin-A by Strains Isolated from Rice: Under Conditions [Abstract]
The Production of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin-A by Strains Isolated from Rice: Under Conditions ... The Production of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin-A by Aspergillus Strains Isolated from Rice: Under In vitro Conditions Hasan ... Keywords: Mycotoxin, Production, Culture media, Thin-layer chromatography, Persian market, Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin-A.. ... for the production of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin-A in Aspergillus flavus (NRRL strain 2999) and A. acrasus (NRRL strain 7431), ...
Mycotoxins9
- Ochratoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by some Aspergillus species (mainly A. ochraceus and A. carbonarius, but also by 33% of A. niger industrial strains) and some Penicillium species, especially P. verrucosum. (wikipedia.org)
- The mycotoxins, considered dangerous for humans and animals besides having the potential to transfer to animal products by metabolism of feed, are AFB1 (aflatoxin B1) and OTA (Ochratoxin A). They are produced by moulds growing on stored grains. (slu.se)
- Found in stored grain products in UK (1997) Ochratoxin A, a toxin produced by Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum, is one of the most abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins in the world. (selfdecode.com)
- GB 2761-2017 ජාතික ආහාර සුරක්ෂිතතා සම්මත සීමාවන් ආහාරවල ඇති mycotoxins ධාන්ය, බෝංචි සහ ඒවායේ නිෂ්පාදනවල අවසර ලත් ප්රමාණය ochratoxin A ප්රමාණය 5 μg/kg නොඉක්මවිය යුතුය. (kwinbonbio.com)
- The most significant mycotoxins in terms of public health and agronomicperspective include the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA), trichothecenes, fumonisins,OPEN ACCESSToxins 2010, 2739patulin, and the ergot alkaloids. (edu.mx)
- It contaminates various commodities of plant origin, cereals in particular, and is usually found together with another nephrotoxic mycotoxin, ochratoxin A. These two mycotoxins are believed to be involved in the etiology of endemic nephropathy. (researchgate.net)
- mycotoxins ochratoxin A or patulin [2]. (researchgate.net)
- The Committee evaluated the following eight mycotoxins that contaminate food: aflatoxin M1, fumonisins B1, B2 and B3, ochratoxin A, and the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol and T-2 and HT-2 toxins. (who.int)
- Selected mycotoxins : ochratoxins, trichothecenes, ergot / published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation and the World Health Organization. (who.int)
Mycotoxin4
- Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin released by mould that can grow on agricultural products as a result of warm, wet climate conditions during storage. (canada.ca)
- The mycotoxin ochratoxin A is formed by fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium . (r-biopharm.com)
- Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin signalled in wine since 1996. (unicatt.it)
- Ochratoxin A (OTA) is an abundant mycotoxin, yet the toxicological impact of its disposition is not well studied. (azregents.edu)
Aspergillus6
- Various strains of Aspergillus and Penicillium moulds can infect foods in storage, resulting in the production of a toxin (ochratoxin A or OTA). (canada.ca)
- Ochratoxin A is produced by Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus sulphureus and Penicillium viridicatum.Potential contaminant of foodstuffs, especially cereals. (selfdecode.com)
- පුස් යනු දිලීර වර්ගයකි.පුස් මගින් නිපදවන විෂ මයිකොටොක්සින් ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.Ochratoxin A නිපදවන්නේ Aspergillus සහ Penicillium විසිනි.Aspergillus වර්ග 7ක් සහ Penicillium වර්ග 6ක් මගින් ochratoxin A නිපදවිය හැකි බව සොයාගෙන ඇතත්, එය ප්රධාන වශයෙන් නිපදවන්නේ පිරිසිදු Penicillium viride, ochratoxin සහ Aspergillus niger මගිනි. (kwinbonbio.com)
- Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium genera. (mzfoodtest.com)
- Thus, This study adopts an appropriate local method using potato dextrose agar (PDA) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for the production of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin-A in Aspergillus flavus (NRRL strain 2999) and A. acrasus (NRRL strain 7431), receptively. (openbiotechnologyjournal.com)
- Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite produced primarily by the genus Aspergillus sp. (usda.gov)
Immunoaffinity3
- Ochratoxin A immunoaffinity column can selectively adsorb ochratoxin A in the sample extract, so as to have a very targeted purification effect on ochratoxin A in the sample solution. (biocomma.com)
- The immunoaffinity column can selectively adsorb aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1, G2) and Ochratoxin A from the sample solution, thereby having a highly targeted purification effect on the sample. (mzfoodtest.com)
- Through the use of the analytical method known as HPLC-FD and previously used the method for extraction of ochratoxin A by immunoaffinity columns, we have analyzed 25 samples of 2013 newly fermented wine, which have just finished alcoholic fermentation process, 11 of which have been analyzed from different regions of Italy and 14 other samples from two regions of Kosovo. (scientific-publications.net)
Contamination4
- Ochratoxin contamination may develop on ripe or unripe cherries. (baristahustle.com)
- This cereal is susceptible to ochratoxin toxin produced fungus contamination during storage and handling. (edu.pe)
- of ochratoxin contamination in the yellow com supply, a total of 62 random samples were taken from ships (n=2), markets (n=20) and farms (n=40) and evaluated using ELISA test. (edu.pe)
- These results indicate a risk of Ochratoxin contamination exists in the Peruvian yellow com supply. (edu.pe)
Abstract1
- Abstract An efficient photoelectrochemical aptasensor with triple signal amplification was developed for sensitive determination of ochratoxin A (OTA). (researchain.net)
Deoxynivalenol1
- The fate of deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A during the breadmaking process, effects of sourdough use and bran content. (agrotecnio.org)
Cereals2
- Ochratoxin A is known to occur in commodities such as cereals, coffee, dried fruit, and red wine. (wikipedia.org)
- Intake of ochratoxin A by consumers of cereals at the 95th percentile may approach this value. (who.int)
Fungal4
- Ochratoxin A is the most prevalent and relevant fungal toxin of this group, while ochratoxins B and C are of lesser importance. (wikipedia.org)
- Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic secondary fungal metabolite that widely takes place in various kinds of foodstuffs and feeds. (frontiersin.org)
- Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary fungal metabolite that has been detected in a variety of animal chows, human food and in up to 80% of human blood samples of several Western countries. (karger.com)
- Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic and potentially carcinogenic fungal secondary metabolite found in a wide variety of agriculture commodities worldwide. (uidaho.edu)
Determination3
- RIDA ® QUICK Ochratoxin ECO is a quantitative immunochromatographic test in strip format for the quantitative determination of ochratoxin in corn and wheat. (r-biopharm.com)
- This paper reports a simple and reliable mass spectrometry hyphenated chromatographic method for ochratoxin A determination in hard cheese. (unipr.it)
- An electrochemical aptasensor was developed for the simultaneous determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). (bvsalud.org)
Carcinogenic4
- In addition to its pronounced nephrotoxicity, ochratoxin A exhibits hepatotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive properties. (r-biopharm.com)
- Ochratoxin is alleged to be a kidney toxin with immunosuppressive, delivery defect-causing, and carcinogenic properties. (dealssoreal.com)
- Ochratoxin A has a strong liver and kidney toxicity, and has teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. (mzfoodtest.com)
- Ochratoxin A is nephrotoxic and causes carcinogenic effects in the kidney. (who.int)
Moulds2
- Wet-processed coffee appears to be less susceptible to infection by ochratoxin-producing moulds, probably because of the removal of the fruit pulp. (baristahustle.com)
- However it is reasonable to believe that humans are much more frequently exposed to citrinin than generally accepted, because it is produced by the same moulds as ochratoxin A which common contaminant of human food all over the world. (researchgate.net)
Nephrotoxic1
- Ochratoxin A has been shown to be nephrotoxic and might delay sexual maturation. (selfdecode.com)
Cereal1
- VHH phage-based competitive real-time immuno-polymerase chain reaction for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A in cereal. (cdc.gov)
Toxicity2
- Exposure to ochratoxins through diet can cause acute toxicity in mammalian kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
- Ochratoxin A toxicity has large species- and sex-specific differences. (selfdecode.com)
Structurally2
- These are compounds containing the ochratoxin skeleton, which is structurally characterized by the presence of a 3-phenylpropanoic acid N-linked to a 8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxamide moiety[1]. (selfdecode.com)
- The obtained results showed the high selectivity of assay towards OTA without interference to structurally similar analogue Ochratoxin B (OTB). (hal.science)
Toxic1
- Ochratoxin A is cleaved into phenylalanine and a less toxic iso-coumarin derivative (ochratoxin alpha) by the microbial flora of the colon, and by carboxypeptidase A and alpha-chymotrypsim. (selfdecode.com)
Carcinogenicity1
- The mechanism by which ochratoxin A causes carcinogenicity is unknown, although both genotoxic and nongenotoxic modes of action have been proposed. (who.int)
Kidney1
- Exposure to ochratoxin A has been associated with Balkan endemic nephropathy, a kidney disease with high mortality in people living near tributaries of the Danube River in Eastern Europe. (wikipedia.org)
Detection1
- As a proof of concept, an assay was employed for detection of Ochratoxin A (OTA). (hal.science)
Kidneys1
- Ochratoxin A has already been detected in pig blood and kidneys and in human blood and breast milk. (r-biopharm.com)
Exposure3
- It has been suggested that carriers of alleles associated with phenylketonuria may have been protected from spontaneous abortion caused by ochratoxin exposure, providing a heterozygous advantage for the alleles despite the possibility of severe intellectual disability in the more rare instance of inheritance from both parents. (wikipedia.org)
- Ochratoxin A in grain dust-estimated exposure and relations to agricultural practices in grain production. (aaem.pl)
- Ochratoxin exposure has been associated with acute tubular necrosis and Balkan endemic nephropathy. (selfdecode.com)
AFB11
- De mykotoxiner som anses farliga för människor och djur samt har potential att övergå i animalier via metabolisering av foder, är AFB1 (aflatoxin B1) och OTA (ochratoxin A). Dessa produceras av mögelsvampar som livnär sig på lagrade spannmål. (slu.se)
Immunochromatographic1
- Reveal® Q+ for Ochratoxin is a single-step lateral flow immunochromatographic assay based on a competitive immunoassay format intended for the quantitative testing of ochratoxin in grain and grain products. (thermalindo.com)
Compounds1
- Some cytochrome P-450 enzymes, such as CYP2C9, and known to metabolize ochratoxin A into more cytotoxic compounds. (selfdecode.com)
Corn1
- Ochratoxin-A was detected in four samples at the level of 0.27-9.84 ppb in one wheat, two corn and one oat flour samples. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Products1
- The current work reports the ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in 23 food (bread, dried fruit, pulse) and beverage (black tea, coffee) products commonly consumed in Turkey determined with ELISA. (istanbul.edu.tr)
Samples2
- The results of all analyzed samples have been below the limit allowed by the EU for ochratoxin A i.e. 2 ng/ml. (scientific-publications.net)
- Individual and geographical variations in ochratoxin A (OA) levels in human blood and milk samples may be due to differences in dietary habits. (inn.no)
Human1
- Kommission Human-Biomonitoring des Umweltbundesamtes (2014) Stoffmonographie Ochratoxin A. Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz 57(4):476-487, doi. (umweltbundesamt.de)
Health risk1
- The major health risk associated with coffee that has not been processed properly is the formation of ochratoxin A (OTA). (baristahustle.com)
Results1
- The Ochratoxin test provides results ranging from 2 to 20 parts per billion in nine minutes. (wattagnet.com)
Common1
- Ochratoxin A is very common in moldy grains and feed. (biocomma.com)