Pregnancy Complications: Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Pregnancy Outcome: Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.Pre-Eclampsia: A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced: A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (>140 mm Hg) and diastolic (>90 mm Hg) blood pressure on at least two occasions 6 h apart. HYPERTENSION complicates 8-10% of all pregnancies, generally after 20 weeks of gestation. Gestational hypertension can be divided into several broad categories according to the complexity and associated symptoms, such as EDEMA; PROTEINURIA; SEIZURES; abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION and liver functions.Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular: The co-occurrence of pregnancy and a cardiovascular disease. The disease may precede or follow FERTILIZATION and it may or may not have a deleterious effect on the pregnant woman or FETUS.Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic: The co-occurrence of pregnancy and a blood disease (HEMATOLOGIC DISEASES) which involves BLOOD CELLS or COAGULATION FACTORS. The hematologic disease may precede or follow FERTILIZATION and it may or may not have a deleterious effect on the pregnant woman or FETUS.Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications: Pathological processes of the female URINARY TRACT, the reproductive system (GENITALIA, FEMALE), and disorders related to PREGNANCY.Pregnancy Trimester, First: The beginning third of a human PREGNANCY, from the first day of the last normal menstrual period (MENSTRUATION) through the completion of 14 weeks (98 days) of gestation.Pregnancy, Ectopic: A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (>96%) occur in the FALLOPIAN TUBES, known as TUBAL PREGNANCY. They can be in other locations, such as UTERINE CERVIX; OVARY; and abdominal cavity (PREGNANCY, ABDOMINAL).Abortion, Spontaneous: Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic: The co-occurrence of pregnancy and NEOPLASMS. The neoplastic disease may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.Fetal Growth Retardation: The failure of a FETUS to attain its expected FETAL GROWTH at any GESTATIONAL AGE.Abruptio Placentae: Premature separation of the normally implanted PLACENTA from the UTERUS. Signs of varying degree of severity include UTERINE BLEEDING, uterine MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, and FETAL DISTRESS or FETAL DEATH.Premature Birth: CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).Pregnancy, Animal: The process of bearing developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero in non-human mammals, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Placenta: A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).Pregnancy Trimester, Second: The middle third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 15th through the 28th completed week (99 to 196 days) of gestation.Uterine Artery: A branch arising from the internal iliac artery in females, that supplies blood to the uterus.Pregnancy Trimester, Third: The last third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 29th through the 42nd completed week (197 to 294 days) of gestation.Civil Disorders: Deliberate and planned acts of unlawful behavior engaged in by aggrieved segments of the population in seeking social change.Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Placenta Diseases: Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.Pregnancy Complications, Infectious: The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.Eclampsia: Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).Pregnancy, Twin: The condition of carrying TWINS simultaneously.Obstetric Labor, Premature: Onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR before term (TERM BIRTH) but usually after the FETUS has become viable. In humans, it occurs sometime during the 29th through 38th week of PREGNANCY. TOCOLYSIS inhibits premature labor and can prevent the BIRTH of premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE).Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Placental Circulation: The circulation of BLOOD, of both the mother and the FETUS, through the PLACENTA.Gestational Age: The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.Trophoblasts: Cells lining the outside of the BLASTOCYST. After binding to the ENDOMETRIUM, trophoblasts develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblasts, which form the early fetal-maternal interface (PLACENTA).Diabetes, Gestational: Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.Congenital Abnormalities: Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.Fetal Death: Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.Preconception Care: An organized and comprehensive program of health care that identifies and reduces a woman's reproductive risks before conception through risk assessment, health promotion, and interventions. Preconception care programs may be designed to include the male partner in providing counseling and educational information in preparation for fatherhood, such as genetic counseling and testing, financial and family planning, etc. This concept is different from PRENATAL CARE, which occurs during pregnancy.Pregnancy, High-Risk: Pregnancy in which the mother and/or FETUS are at greater than normal risk of MORBIDITY or MORTALITY. Causes include inadequate PRENATAL CARE, previous obstetrical history (ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS), pre-existing maternal disease, pregnancy-induced disease (GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION), and MULTIPLE PREGNANCY, as well as advanced maternal age above 35.Pregnancy, Multiple: The condition of carrying two or more FETUSES simultaneously.Cesarean Section: Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.Obstetric Labor Complications: Medical problems associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR, such as BREECH PRESENTATION; PREMATURE OBSTETRIC LABOR; HEMORRHAGE; or others. These complications can affect the well-being of the mother, the FETUS, or both.Stillbirth: The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.Prenatal Care: Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality.Infant, Small for Gestational Age: An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.Uterus: The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.Abortion, Habitual: Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.Ultrasonography, Prenatal: The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.Pregnancy Proteins: Proteins produced by organs of the mother or the PLACENTA during PREGNANCY. These proteins may be pregnancy-specific (present only during pregnancy) or pregnancy-associated (present during pregnancy or under other conditions such as hormone therapy or certain malignancies.)Birth Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Pregnancy Rate: The ratio of the number of conceptions (CONCEPTION) including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; and fetal losses, to the mean number of females of reproductive age in a population during a set time period.Maternal Age: The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.Parity: The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.Antibodies, Antiphospholipid: Autoantibodies directed against phospholipids. These antibodies are characteristically found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC;), ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; related autoimmune diseases, some non-autoimmune diseases, and also in healthy individuals.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Placental Insufficiency: Failure of the PLACENTA to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and OXYGEN to the FETUS.Pregnancy Trimesters: The three approximately equal periods of a normal human PREGNANCY. Each trimester is about three months or 13 to 14 weeks in duration depending on the designation of the first day of gestation.Placentation: The development of the PLACENTA, a highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products between mother and FETUS. The process begins at FERTILIZATION, through the development of CYTOTROPHOBLASTS and SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLASTS, the formation of CHORIONIC VILLI, to the progressive increase in BLOOD VESSELS to support the growing fetus.Multiple Birth Offspring: The offspring in multiple pregnancies (PREGNANCY, MULTIPLE): TWINS; TRIPLETS; QUADRUPLETS; QUINTUPLETS; etc.Pregnancy Tests: Tests to determine whether or not an individual is pregnant.Delivery, Obstetric: Delivery of the FETUS and PLACENTA under the care of an obstetrician or a health worker. Obstetric deliveries may involve physical, psychological, medical, or surgical interventions.Maternal-Fetal Exchange: Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission.Pregnancy in Diabetics: The state of PREGNANCY in women with DIABETES MELLITUS. This does not include either symptomatic diabetes or GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE induced by pregnancy (DIABETES, GESTATIONAL) which resolves at the end of pregnancy.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Pregnancy, Tubal: The most common (>96%) type of ectopic pregnancy in which the extrauterine EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs in the FALLOPIAN TUBE, usually in the ampullary region where FERTILIZATION takes place.Antiphospholipid Syndrome: The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).Maternal Welfare: Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the mother.Reproductive Techniques, Assisted: Clinical and laboratory techniques used to enhance fertility in humans and animals.Fetal Development: Morphological and physiological development of FETUSES.Infant, Low Birth Weight: An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less.Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture: Spontaneous tearing of the membranes surrounding the FETUS any time before the onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR. Preterm PROM is membrane rupture before 37 weeks of GESTATION.Fertilization in Vitro: An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.Pregnancy in Adolescence: Pregnancy in human adolescent females under the age of 19.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Decidua: The hormone-responsive glandular layer of ENDOMETRIUM that sloughs off at each menstrual flow (decidua menstrualis) or at the termination of pregnancy. During pregnancy, the thickest part of the decidua forms the maternal portion of the PLACENTA, thus named decidua placentalis. The thin portion of the decidua covering the rest of the embryo is the decidua capsularis.Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.Thrombophilia: A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Pregnancy, Unplanned: Unintended accidental pregnancy, including pregnancy resulting from failed contraceptive measures.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Pregnancy, Unwanted: Pregnancy, usually accidental, that is not desired by the parent or parents.Intraoperative Complications: Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.NorwayIncidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic: The co-occurrence of pregnancy and parasitic diseases. The parasitic infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.Infant, Premature: A human infant born before 37 weeks of GESTATION.Pregnancy, Prolonged: A term used to describe pregnancies that exceed the upper limit of a normal gestational period. In humans, a prolonged pregnancy is defined as one that extends beyond 42 weeks (294 days) after the first day of the last menstrual period (MENSTRUATION), or birth with gestational age of 41 weeks or more.Abortion, Induced: Intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus by any of a number of techniques. (POPLINE, 1978)United StatesTime Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Confidence Intervals: A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Pregnancy, Abdominal: A type of ectopic pregnancy in which the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN implants in the ABDOMINAL CAVITY instead of in the ENDOMETRIUM of the UTERUS.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Pregnancy Maintenance: Physiological mechanisms that sustain the state of PREGNANCY.Embryo Implantation: Endometrial implantation of EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN at the BLASTOCYST stage.Embryo Transfer: The transfer of mammalian embryos from an in vivo or in vitro environment to a suitable host to improve pregnancy or gestational outcome in human or animal. In human fertility treatment programs, preimplantation embryos ranging from the 4-cell stage to the blastocyst stage are transferred to the uterine cavity between 3-5 days after FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.Diabetes Complications: Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects: The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal: Selective abortion of one or more embryos or fetuses in a multiple gestation pregnancy. The usual goal is to improve the outcome for the remaining embryos or fetuses.Infertility, Female: Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.Progesterone: The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.Abnormalities, Drug-Induced: Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.Labor, Obstetric: The repetitive uterine contraction during childbirth which is associated with the progressive dilation of the uterine cervix (CERVIX UTERI). Successful labor results in the expulsion of the FETUS and PLACENTA. Obstetric labor can be spontaneous or induced (LABOR, INDUCED).Reoperation: A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.Puerperal Disorders: Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.Fetus: The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Laparoscopy: A procedure in which a laparoscope (LAPAROSCOPES) is inserted through a small incision near the navel to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. If appropriate, biopsy or surgery can be performed during laparoscopy.Twins: Two individuals derived from two FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother. Twins are either monozygotic (TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC) or dizygotic (TWINS, DIZYGOTIC).Lactation: The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN.Prenatal Diagnosis: Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth.Abortion, Therapeutic: Abortion induced to save the life or health of a pregnant woman. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Chorionic Gonadotropin: A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).Fetal Diseases: Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.Maternal Exposure: Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure.Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal: Non-steroidal chemical compounds with abortifacient activity.Length of Stay: The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility.Insemination, Artificial: Artificial introduction of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.Amniotic Fluid: A clear, yellowish liquid that envelopes the FETUS inside the sac of AMNION. In the first trimester, it is likely a transudate of maternal or fetal plasma. In the second trimester, amniotic fluid derives primarily from fetal lung and kidney. Cells or substances in this fluid can be removed for prenatal diagnostic tests (AMNIOCENTESIS).Endometrium: The mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the MENSTRUAL CYCLE and PREGNANCY. The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes that characterize MENSTRUATION. After successful FERTILIZATION, it serves to sustain the developing embryo.Infertility: Inability to reproduce after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Reproductive sterility is permanent infertility.Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic: An assisted fertilization technique consisting of the microinjection of a single viable sperm into an extracted ovum. It is used principally to overcome low sperm count, low sperm motility, inability of sperm to penetrate the egg, or other conditions related to male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE).Pregnant Women: Human females who are pregnant, as cultural, psychological, or sociological entities.Gravidity: The number of pregnancies, complete or incomplete, experienced by a female. It is different from PARITY, which is the number of offspring borne. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Fertility: The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.Surgical Wound Infection: Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision.Abortion, Legal: Termination of pregnancy under conditions allowed under local laws. (POPLINE Thesaurus, 1991)Parturition: The process of giving birth to one or more offspring.Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human: The beta subunit of human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Its structure is similar to the beta subunit of LUTEINIZING HORMONE, except for the additional 30 amino acids at the carboxy end with the associated carbohydrate residues. HCG-beta is used as a diagnostic marker for early detection of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion (ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS); ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; HYDATIDIFORM MOLE; CHORIOCARCINOMA; or DOWN SYNDROME.Equipment Failure: Failure of equipment to perform to standard. The failure may be due to defects or improper use.Uterine Hemorrhage: Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.Ovulation Induction: Techniques for the artifical induction of ovulation, the rupture of the follicle and release of the ovum.Live Birth: The event that a FETUS is born alive with heartbeats or RESPIRATION regardless of GESTATIONAL AGE. Such liveborn is called a newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN).Device Removal: Removal of an implanted therapeutic or prosthetic device.Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: Nutrition of a mother which affects the health of the FETUS and INFANT as well as herself.Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.Drainage: The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.Abortion, Threatened: UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Contraception: Prevention of CONCEPTION by blocking fertility temporarily, or permanently (STERILIZATION, REPRODUCTIVE). Common means of reversible contraception include NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING METHODS; CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS; or CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES.Myometrium: The smooth muscle coat of the uterus, which forms the main mass of the organ.Pregnancy Tests, Immunologic: Methods of detecting pregnancy by examining the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in plasma or urine.Hydatidiform Mole: Trophoblastic hyperplasia associated with normal gestation, or molar pregnancy. It is characterized by the swelling of the CHORIONIC VILLI and elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Hydatidiform moles or molar pregnancy may be categorized as complete or partial based on their gross morphology, histopathology, and karyotype.Foreign-Body Migration: Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.Triplets: Three individuals derived from three FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother.Catheterization: Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: Nutrition of FEMALE during PREGNANCY.Abortifacient Agents: Chemical substances that interrupt pregnancy after implantation.Hematoma: A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.Surgical Wound Dehiscence: Pathologic process consisting of a partial or complete disruption of the layers of a surgical wound.Chi-Square Distribution: A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.Postoperative Hemorrhage: Hemorrhage following any surgical procedure. It may be immediate or delayed and is not restricted to the surgical wound.HELLP Syndrome: A syndrome of HEMOLYSIS, elevated liver ENZYMES, and low blood platelets count (THROMBOCYTOPENIA). HELLP syndrome is observed in pregnant women with PRE-ECLAMPSIA or ECLAMPSIA who also exhibit LIVER damage and abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION.Iatrogenic Disease: Any adverse condition in a patient occurring as the result of treatment by a physician, surgeon, or other health professional, especially infections acquired by a patient during the course of treatment.Mothers: Female parents, human or animal.Anastomosis, Surgical: Surgical union or shunt between ducts, tubes or vessels. It may be end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-end, or side-to-side.Catheters, Indwelling: Catheters designed to be left within an organ or passage for an extended period of time.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Biliary Tract Diseases: Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.Fatal Outcome: Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.Reproductive Techniques: Methods pertaining to the generation of new individuals, including techniques used in selective BREEDING, cloning (CLONING, ORGANISM), and assisted reproduction (REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, ASSISTED).Risk: The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.Oocyte Donation: Transfer of preovulatory oocytes from donor to a suitable host. Oocytes are collected, fertilized in vitro, and transferred to a host that can be human or animal.Stents: Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.Diabetic Angiopathies: VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.Anticoagulants: Agents that prevent clotting.Endoscopy: Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.Thrombosis: Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.Suture Techniques: Techniques for securing together the edges of a wound, with loops of thread or similar materials (SUTURES).Fetal Resorption: The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1: A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Fetal Macrosomia: A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.Contraception Behavior: Behavior patterns of those practicing CONTRACEPTION.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Chorionic Villi: The threadlike, vascular projections of the chorion. Chorionic villi may be free or embedded within the DECIDUA forming the site for exchange of substances between fetal and maternal blood (PLACENTA).Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Embolization, Therapeutic: A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.Postoperative Care: The period of care beginning when the patient is removed from surgery and aimed at meeting the patient's psychological and physical needs directly after surgery. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Estradiol: The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.Maternal Mortality: Maternal deaths resulting from complications of pregnancy and childbirth in a given population.Fetal Weight: The weight of the FETUS in utero. It is usually estimated by various formulas based on measurements made during PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Amniocentesis: Percutaneous transabdominal puncture of the uterus during pregnancy to obtain amniotic fluid. It is commonly used for fetal karyotype determination in order to diagnose abnormal fetal conditions.Corpus Luteum: The yellow body derived from the ruptured OVARIAN FOLLICLE after OVULATION. The process of corpus luteum formation, LUTEINIZATION, is regulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE.Embryonic and Fetal Development: Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive: Procedures that avoid use of open, invasive surgery in favor of closed or local surgery. These generally involve use of laparoscopic devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or similar device.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Laparotomy: Incision into the side of the abdomen between the ribs and pelvis.Liver Transplantation: The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.Family Planning Services: Health care programs or services designed to assist individuals in the planning of family size. Various methods of CONTRACEPTION can be used to control the number and timing of childbirths.Fetal Blood: Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.Fistula: Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.Cryopreservation: Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.
RFA-HD-07-016: Global Network for Womens and Childrens Health Research (U01)
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DiseasesEctopicSymptomsEtiologyInfectionsPlacentaPregnant womenAcquired syphilisPneumoniaWeeks of pregnancyInfertilityChronicChildbirthPossible ComplicationsBacteriaObstetric complicationsHealth complicationsPathogensRiskCongenitalPreterm birthOnset of the rashPathogenesisIncludeNewbornEarly pregnancyInfantsCasesPreeclampsiaConjunctivitisInfantIntrauterineNeisseriaPotentiallyWomenBirthDeathsInflammation20th week of pregnancy
Diseases35
- It′s understandable that parents are frustrated and are looking for ways to protect their children from flu and other infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)
- Newborns can suffer greatly from infectious diseases in the mother. (howstuffworks.com)
- Though most common infectious diseases, such as colds and the flu, have no effect on pregnancy, some diseases transmitted by other people may have very serious effects on the baby. (howstuffworks.com)
- During fellowship training, Dr. Way began investigating the basic immunology and immune pathogenesis of infectious diseases relevant to human, and in particular, infant and child health. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
- The past and ongoing work has also been recognized by numerous prestigious awards including the Infectious Diseases Society of America Wyeth Young Investigator Award, a Basil O' Conner Award from the March of Dimes Foundation, and the Investigator in Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases award from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
- STDs are infectious diseases passed from person to person through sexual contact. (uhhospitals.org)
- The purpose of this position statement from the Healthcare Infection Control Special Interest Group (HICSIG) of the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases (ASID) is to propose standard measures for adoption across Australia that are practical and consistent with available evidence. (mja.com.au)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases , 20 (6), 925-931. (cdc.gov)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases , 20 (6), 941-949. (cdc.gov)
- In support of improving patient care, these activities have been planned and implemented by Medscape, LLC and Emerging Infectious Diseases. (cdc.gov)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases , 20 (12), 1990-1998. (cdc.gov)
- The most common complications that may lead to maternal death are: postpartum hemorrhage, reproductive tract infections, eclampsia, unsafe abortion, obstructed labor, and serious infectious diseases. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
- Due to the varying size and location of the appendix and the proximity of other organs to the appendix, it may be difficult to differentiate appendicitis from other abdominal and pelvic diseases or even during the onset of labor during pregnancy . (medicinenet.com)
- Other conditions that can mimic appendicitis include celiac disease Meckel's diverticulitis , pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), inflammatory diseases of the right upper abdomen ( gallbladder disease , liver disease , or perforated duodenal ulcer ), right-sided diverticulitis , ectopic pregnancy , kidney diseases, and Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum. (medicinenet.com)
- Pregnant women who are dissatisfied in their relationship may be at an increased risk of developing infectious diseases, which may in turn, also affect their children, find researchers. (medindia.net)
- Infections during pregnancy may lead to complications and diseases later in life, Henriksen said, adding "dissatisfaction with your partner during pregnancy should be considered a risk factor for reproductive health. (medindia.net)
- During stressed condition our immune system may be given lower priority, and we thus become less resistant towards infectious diseases from bacteria and viruses, the researchers said. (medindia.net)
- In the study, Henriksen looked at the occurrence of eight different infectious diseases, from the common cold to stomach flu and inflammation of the ear. (medindia.net)
- The study of pregnant women's infectious diseases includes more than 67,000 women. (medindia.net)
- The study of children's infectious diseases includes nearly 91,000 women and more than 100,000 children. (medindia.net)
- The full findings are published in the journal The Lancet Infectious Diseases . (imperial.ac.uk)
- Malaria, a parasitic infection transmitted by mosquitoes, is one of the most devastating infectious diseases, killing more than 1 million people annually. (mdpi.com)
- Pregnant, postpartum and breastfeeding women along with their infants are at higher risk for infectious diseases. (pediatriceducation.org)
- For the infant, breastfeeding provides some immunity to infectious diseases. (pediatriceducation.org)
- Cocooning, where others in close contact are immunized against common infectious diseases is also another strategy to help infants who are not yet old enough to be vaccinated. (pediatriceducation.org)
- To receive news and publication updates for Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, enter your email address in the box below. (hindawi.com)
- Management of respiratory diseases in pregnancy requires an understanding of these changes for interpretation of clinical and laboratory manifestations of disease states. (medscape.com)
- many children were malnourished and likely to die from infectious diseases such as gastroenteritis and pneumonia. (abs.gov.au)
- Getting the flu shot can cut a pregnant woman's chances of being hospitalized because of the flu by about 40 percent, according to a study published recently in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases . (yahoo.com)
- Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis or schisostomiasis are frequently neglected, and treatment for acquired immunodeficiency implies the development of risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome) favoring cardiovascular events. (springer.com)
- Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes, increased risk of preeclampsia, and future development of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. (springer.com)
- Laboratory data revealed mild liver cytolysis but a large screening for infectious and auto-immune diseases was negative and hepato-biliar imaging was normal. (pubfacts.com)
- For instance, immunosuppressants cause the mother to be more susceptible to infectious diseases. (globalbioethics.org)
- Dr. James Sabetta , director of infectious diseases at Greenwich Hospital , said the physical and hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy create the greater risk. (greenwichtime.com)
- There are analogies to infectious diseases here. (fhi.no)
Ectopic10
- In rare cases an ectopic pregnancy can look like a miscarriage. (medlineplus.gov)
- Sequelae of PID include chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. (uptodate.com)
- If the gonococcal infections are not detected and/or appropriately treated, they can result in severe complications and sequelae such as pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, first trimester abortion, neonatal conjunctivitis leading to blindness and, less frequently, male infertility and disseminated gonococcal infections. (biomedcentral.com)
- The physician will take care to be sure that the symptoms that occur are not due to an ectopic pregnancy, a potentially life-threatening complication. (medlineplus.gov)
- While infection can often be treated with antibiotics, complications can include inflammation, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, arthritis and even an increased susceptibility to other STIs, including HIV. (imperial.ac.uk)
- The most serious complications of the disease are reproductive tract problems such as tubo-ovarian abscess, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (perihepatitis), and ectopic pregnancy Footnote 1 , Footnote 3 . (canada.ca)
- Later, pelvic inflammatory disease may develop, which can cause ectopic pregnancy, infertility or chronic pelvic pain. (vic.gov.au)
- (staywellsolutionsonline.com)
- If there is a suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy, diagnostic laparoscopy is done. (womensecr.com)
- Untreated STDs, like chlamydia and gonorrhea, put women at increased risk for pelvic inflammatory disease which may result in chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and potentially a life-threatening ectopic pregnancy . (thebody.com)
Symptoms14
- When symptoms do occur they typically begin 5 to 28 days after exposure. (wikipedia.org)
- Gestational diabetes is a condition in which the glucose level is elevated and other diabetic symptoms appear during pregnancy in a woman who has not previously been diagnosed with diabetes. (nyhq.org)
- While the earlier part of this period is not infectious, mumps-affected people become contagious a few days before the onset of the signs and symptoms. (news-medical.net)
- The third baby was healthy and never developed any signs, symptoms or complications associated with mumps. (news-medical.net)
- If symptoms do occur, they might appear within 1-3 weeks of exposure. (uvahealth.com)
- If symptoms do occur, they may include pelvic pain and pain with intercourse. (uvahealth.com)
- If any of these symptoms (other than localized urticaria and itching) occur, the transfusion should be stopped immediately and the IV line kept open with normal saline. (merckmanuals.com)
- Bleeding during pregnancy in early and late periods - Causes, symptoms and treatment. (womensecr.com)
- Chorea refers to brief, repetitive, jerky, or dancelike uncontrolled movements caused by muscle contractions that occur as symptoms of several different disorders. (encyclopedia.com)
- Other symptoms that may occur together with chorea include athetosis, which refers to slow, sinuous, writhing movements of the hands and feet, and ballismus, which refers to violent flinging or flailing of the limbs. (encyclopedia.com)
- A patient with symptoms of Huntington's chorea is typically an adult over 35, whereas Sydenham's chorea most often occurs in children aged six to 14. (encyclopedia.com)
- Signs of this would be a loss of pregnancy symptoms and the absence of fetal heart tones found on an ultrasound . (americanpregnancy.org)
- These go beyond the core symptoms of deficits in social communication and the occurrence of restricted patterns of behavior or interests to include what are typically referred to as co-occurring symptoms. (hhs.gov)
- In many cases, progress on the causes of these co-occurring symptoms is ahead of that for the core symptoms of autism. (hhs.gov)
Etiology4
- It may be due to an infectious or noninfectious etiology and may be acute or chronic. (uptodate.com)
- Infection - When an infectious etiology can be documented, Chlamydia trachomatis (typically serovars D-K) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most common organisms identified, even though a relatively small proportion of women with these infections develop cervicitis. (uptodate.com)
- Syphilis Infection: An Uncommon Etiology of Infectious Nonimmune Fetal Hydrops with Anemia. (biomedsearch.com)
- Parvovirus B19 is the most common infectious etiology of non-immune fetal hydrops, with an observed rate up to 10% for those infected before 20 weeks gestational age. (renalandurologynews.com)
Infections8
- Studies also are looking at the various aspects of the association between vaginal infections and pregnancy complications. (nih.gov)
- NICHD scientists are studying the vaginal flora, the protective actions of these Lactobacilli , and the mechanisms by which flora imbalances occur and infections arise. (nih.gov)
- These results indicate that many exposures to infectious pathogens, and potentially infections resulting from those exposures, may go unreported. (cdc.gov)
- Three congenital infections resulted in severe sequelae, leading to the termination of pregnancy in two instances and to neonatal death in one case. (nih.gov)
- We conclude that congenital CMV infections occurs in 0.49% of all pregnancies in the population studied. (nih.gov)
- Disseminated gonococcal infections occur due to the spread of the bacteria Footnote 1 - Footnote 3 . (canada.ca)
- Incidence of gonococcal infections is highest in youth, with 40% of the infections occurring in females between 15 and 19 years of age. (canada.ca)
- Malnutrition predisposes to diarrheal infections and pneumonia, resulting in renal complications and favoring acute kidney injury. (springer.com)
Placenta3
- This is done to determine if it was a normal placenta or a hydatidiform mole (a rare growth that forms inside the womb early in pregnancy). (medlineplus.gov)
- Normally, these contractions stop the bleeding that occurs once the placenta separates from the uterine wall. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
- Bleeding late in pregnancy( after 12 weeks) may be due to abruption or presentation of the placenta. (womensecr.com)
Pregnant women16
- This study will evaluate the safety of 1% tenofovir gel in HIV-uninfected pregnant women and their newborns when the gel is used once a day for a period of 28 days at a designated time during pregnancy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- There is some evidence to support the ambulatory treatment of pregnant women with pyelonephritis who do not demonstrate signs of overt sepsis and preterm contractions in the first and early second trimesters, but the majority of women with acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy are traditionally managed as inpatients. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Because the mean age of a US woman at the time of first birth is about 25.4 years, a significant number of pregnant women may have acute HCV infection at the time of their pregnancy. (healio.com)
- Pregnant women trust and rely on their health care providers to advise them during their pregnancy. (healio.com)
- Stillbirth is a devastating loss for any parent, and these results show that clinicians treating pregnant women should be promoting seasonal influenza vaccine every year for every pregnancy. (healio.com)
- However, in pregnant women, contracting Rubella can increase the risk of complications with the pregnancy, birth defects, and may even be fatal to the infant. (requestatest.com)
- Some pregnant women have some vaginal bleeding , with or without abdominal cramps, during the first 3 months of pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)
- however complications can occur, most often in infants, adults, pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. (europa.eu)
- People at higher risk of developing complications (above 12 years of age, those with a weakened immune system or pregnant women) or anyone with complications should seek medical attention. (europa.eu)
- Pregnant women are at higher risk for severe complications and death from influenza. (pediatriceducation.org)
- Very rarely( in 3% of cases out of 100), some pregnant women have slight bleeding at the very beginning of pregnancy, when a woman does not know about her pregnancy. (womensecr.com)
- Pregnant women have a much greater chance than their nonpregnant peers of developing a serious complication, such as high fever, pneumonia, or sepsis -or even dying-if they come down with the flu. (yahoo.com)
- Pregnant women should receive a dose of Tdap during every pregnancy, sometime between the 27th and 36th week, according to the CDC. (yahoo.com)
- To prevent GBS infection of neonates, clinicians should be alert to the potentially higher risk of GBS colonization in pregnant women in their first pregnancy, and women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (18 hours+) or who have a history of vaginitis. (e-epih.org)
- Susceptible pregnant women with young school-age children are at particular risk for pregnancy complications. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
- Pregnant women are usually at a high risk for complications when they get the seasonal flu, but they have been affected much more by the H1N1 strain that emerged in the spring, experts say. (greenwichtime.com)
Acquired syphilis1
- If a pregnant woman thinks she may have acquired syphilis during pregnancy, she should tell her doctor immediately. (howstuffworks.com)
Pneumonia1
- Complications can include infection of the skin, lungs (pneumonia) and brain (encephalitis). (europa.eu)
Weeks of pregnancy6
- Most miscarriages occur during the first 7 weeks of pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)
- Women who lose a baby after 20 weeks of pregnancy receive different medical care. (medlineplus.gov)
- A glucose screening test is usually performed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, which involves drinking a special glucose drink followed by measurement of the blood sugar level after one hour. (nyhq.org)
- Vaginal bleeding during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy (last menstrual period was less than 20 weeks ago). (medlineplus.gov)
- A glucose screening test is usually done between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. (brighamandwomens.org)
- Defined as birth between 24 and 37 weeks of pregnancy, premature birth is the leading cause of neonatal death in the UK. (eurekalert.org)
Infertility2
- Of those women who survive, 7 million suffer serious consequences such as infertility, injury, or complications with future pregnancies. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
- Tubal pregnancy -Scarring in the fallopian tube also increases the risk of a tubal pregnancy and infertility. (uvahealth.com)
Chronic4
- We also have been recommending seasonal flu vaccines for children with chronic health problems like asthma and diabetes, who are at higher risk of developing serious complications from the seasonal flu. (cdc.gov)
- It may present itself as an acute (infectious) or chronic (allergic) condition. (icd10data.com)
- TPN requires a chronic IV access for the solution to run through, and the most common complication is infection of this catheter. (wikipedia.org)
- In chronic infection, which usually occurs in immunocompromised patients, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in doses ranging from 0.4g/kg/day for 5 days up to 2g/kg/day in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with RBC aplasia may be needed. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
Childbirth2
- Other candidates include patients forced to undergo a hysterectomy (uterus removal) due to cancer or complications during childbirth, as well as transgender females whose biologically male anatomy could be altered to allow them to get pregnant. (globalbioethics.org)
- According to the World Health Organization, approximately 830 women die from pregnancy or childbirth-related complications around the world every day (1). (cmmb.org)
Possible Complications2
- Possible complications, which may be significant, are listed below. (wikipedia.org)
- Early detection can help to avoid possible complications with the pregnancy. (requestatest.com)
Bacteria4
- If a mother has an active syphilis infection during pregnancy, the bacteria may enter the baby's bloodstream and cause a variety of abnormalities, including malformations of the heart, eyes, bones, and mouth. (howstuffworks.com)
- Case reports have described cervicitis associated with other infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites). (uptodate.com)
- The normal vaginal microenvironment is dominated by several Lactobacillus species that protect against overgrowth of endogenous bacteria and infectious pathogens. (nih.gov)
- After the blockage occurs, bacteria which normally are found within the appendix begin to multiply and invade (infect) the wall of the appendix. (medicinenet.com)
Obstetric complications1
- A high risk for obstetric complications has been reported among women infected with Coxiella burnetii , the causative agent of Q fever, but recent studies have failed to confirm these findings. (cdc.gov)
Health complications3
- Chlamydia can also cause serious health complications. (uvahealth.com)
- More than 900 cases of congenital syphilis were reported in 2017, which resulted in a number of deaths and severe health complications among newborns. (thebody.com)
- First would be the health complications associated with this procedure. (globalbioethics.org)
Pathogens1
- Whether these pathogens are the cause of the lesions or are secondary infectious agents, these findings support targeted antimicrobial treatment of HS. (cdc.gov)
Risk12
- Providing PEP to high risk people within 21 days of exposure to an infectious pertussis case. (cdc.gov)
- However, women with gestational diabetes have an increased risk of developing diabetes later in life, especially if they were overweight before pregnancy. (nyhq.org)
- It is one of the strongest predictors for development of acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy, increasing the risk for this complication 20-30 fold. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Many women across the world give birth without medical assistance, massively increasing the risk of complications or death. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
- The antimicrobial treatment should cure individual gonorrhoea cases, to reduce the risk of complications, and end further transmission of the infection, which is a crucial to decrease the gonorrhoea burden in a population. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2) Preterm infants are particularly vulnerable to complications due to impaired respiration, difficulty in feeding, poor body temperature regulation and high risk of infection. (who.int)
- When these hospitalizations occur, it puts the mother at risk, it puts the baby at risk. (yahoo.com)
- In young females, malnutrition may predispose to bring underweight during pregnancy, as well as with low birth-weight offspring, low birth-weight represents a risk factor for future hypertension development and progressive loss of renal function. (springer.com)
- The most common risk factors identified among women who have experienced early pregnancy loss are advanced maternal age and a prior early pregnancy loss ( 7 , 8 ). (acog.org)
- Discussion of the many risk factors thought to be associated with early pregnancy loss is beyond the scope of this document and is covered in more detail in other publications (6, 7). (acog.org)
- The majority of deliveries and transfers from district hospitals are for high risk, complicated pregnancies. (biomedcentral.com)
- Failure to identify risk factors, lack of early screening to detect STDs, inattention to hygiene and health, delayed identification of pregnancy, and a tradition of home births are factors which can endanger a baby's healthy growth and the health of her mother. (cmmb.org)
Congenital6
- A type 1 excludes note is for used for when two conditions cannot occur together, such as a congenital form versus an acquired form of the same condition. (icd10data.com)
- In another study, congenital malformations were linked to mumps infection during pregnancy. (news-medical.net)
- Thus, overall the evidence of increased fetal loss to mumps during pregnancy is weak and there is none to really support severe congenital abnormalities. (news-medical.net)
- Rubella infection during pregnancy causes congenital rubella syndrome, including the classic triad of cataracts, cardiac abnormalities and sensorineural deafness. (biomedsearch.com)
- The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that gestational and congenital malaria can be prevented by using intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). (mdpi.com)
- Increasing rates of syphilis among women has led to a sharp rise in congenital syphilis -- which occurs when syphilis passes from mother to baby during pregnancy. (thebody.com)
Preterm birth1
Onset of the rash1
- Patients with erythema infectiosum are infectious before the onset of the rash and remain infectious for 1-2 days after the rash develops. (renalandurologynews.com)
Pathogenesis2
- Ongoing projects investigate the immune basis responsible for enhanced susceptibility to infection during pregnancy, the immune pathogenesis of pregnancy complications that occur with maternal infection, and the basic signals required for stimulating immune cell activation. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
- Even if a virus is able to bind to a host cell and transfer its genetic material through the cell membrane, the cell may not contain the necessary polymerases and enzymes necessary for viral replication to occur and for pathogenesis to continue. (wikipedia.org)
Include6
- Preoperative obstetric evaluation should include a pregnancy test in women of child-bearing age if the patient requests it or if her last menstrual period was more than 3-4 weeks previously. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- Other than those listed below, other common complications of TPN include hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypercapnia, decreased copper and zinc levels, elevated prothrombin time (if associated with liver injury), hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and decreased gastrointestinal motility. (wikipedia.org)
- Complications of appendectomy include wound infection and abscess. (medicinenet.com)
- However, complications of mumps include inflammation of the testicles and ovaries as well as breast tissue and the pancreas. (news-medical.net)
- If left untreated, complications may include epididymitis, prostatitis and urethral stricture. (vic.gov.au)
- The differential diagnoses of intra hepatic infarction include intrahepatic abscess, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic uremic syndrome, ruptured hepatic adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and hemangioma. (thefreelibrary.com)
Newborn1
- Essential and special care for the management of preterm newborns should be available to prevent or address any newborn complications related to prematurity or otherwise. (who.int)
Early pregnancy9
- But their utility is conned to an accumulation of mast cells arrowhead are always interval scale or on computer, chapter early pregnancy test kits available. (pssac.org)
- INTERIM UPDATE: This Practice Bulletin is updated as highlighted to reflect recent evidence regarding the use of mifepristone combined with misoprostol for medical management of early pregnancy loss. (acog.org)
- Early pregnancy loss, or loss of an intrauterine pregnancy within the first trimester, is encountered commonly in clinical practice. (acog.org)
- The purpose of this Practice Bulletin is to review diagnostic approaches and describe options for the management of early pregnancy loss. (acog.org)
- However, early pregnancy loss is the term that will be used in this Practice Bulletin. (acog.org)
- Approximately 50% of all cases of early pregnancy loss are due to fetal chromosomal abnormalities ( 5 , 6 ). (acog.org)
- The frequency of clinically recognized early pregnancy loss for women aged 20-30 years is 9-17%, and this rate increases sharply from 20% at age 35 years to 40% at age 40 years and 80% at age 45 years (7). (acog.org)
- For her baby, even a common cold could be devastating: fevers during early pregnancy are correlated with birth defects such as spina bifida, cleft lip, and limb reduction. (globalbioethics.org)
- Some degree of early pregnancy uterine bleeding accompanied by cramping or lower backache. (americanpregnancy.org)
Infants2
- The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than nine million infants die before birth or in the first few weeks of life each year, and that nearly all of these deaths occur in developing countries. (imedpub.com)
- Twenty percent of the congenitally infected infants present severe sequelae at birth or during pregnancy, and an additional 17% have audiological deficits at 1 year of age. (nih.gov)
Cases13
- When it comes to the H1N1 virus, so far it seems like the largest number of our novel H1N1 confirmed and probable cases are occurring in people from the ages of 5 to 24, so many of them would be school-aged children. (cdc.gov)
- In rare cases, lower abdominal pain can occur. (wikipedia.org)
- The aim of this paper is to present the interrelationship between the immune mechanisms in pregnancy and the immune mechanisms in SLE in cases of pregnancy associated with lupus erythematosus. (hindawi.com)
- The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated in 2008 that 106 million new gonorrhoea cases occur among adults annually worldwide [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Thanks to these vaccinations, cases of rubella are rare in the United States but periodic cases or limited outbreaks do still occur. (requestatest.com)
- Most of the participant's (98%) pregnancy among cases and (90.1%) controls were planned. (imedpub.com)
- Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most prevalent bacterial STIs, representing a major global health burden, with 131 million new cases occurring each year. (imperial.ac.uk)
- Sixty-two million cases of gonorrhea have been estimated to occur annually worldwide, by the World Health Organization Footnote 6 . (canada.ca)
- The majority of the cases occur in developing countries. (canada.ca)
- The most common obstetric complication seen in 43% of the cases was oligohydramnios. (hindawi.com)
- Co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis sometimes occurs, particularly in imported cases. (vic.gov.au)
- Approximately 80% of all cases of pregnancy loss occur within the first trimester (2, 3). (acog.org)
- We here report a case of AOSD revealed during pregnancy with a life-threatening presentation along with a review of 19 cases from literature. (pubfacts.com)
Preeclampsia1
- Hepatic infarcts in pregnancy are mostly secondary to APS (Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome), HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) and preeclampsia. (thefreelibrary.com)
Conjunctivitis1
- Conjunctivitis can occur in neonates and rarely in adults. (vic.gov.au)
Infant1
- Our maternal health programs in more than 25 countries focus on reducing maternal and infant mortality through pregnancy and prenatal consultations, emergency obstetric care, postnatal follow-up, and access to family planning services and safe abortion care. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
Intrauterine2
- Infection of a susceptible woman in pregnancy, particularly before 20 weeks gestation, is associated with intrauterine fetal demise. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
- The rate of intrauterine death in a normal pregnancy is around 0.5 per cent. (eurekalert.org)
Neisseria1
- The infectious agent is Neisseria gonorrhoeae . (vic.gov.au)
Potentially1
- A possible femoral neck stress fracture should be evaluated urgently to prevent the potentially significant complications associated with displacement. (aafp.org)
Women15
- The herpes virus is responsible for frequent, painful ulcers that may occur in the genital areas of both men and women. (howstuffworks.com)
- Tuberculosis involves the cervix in a small proportion of women with tuberculous endometritis [ 2 ] (see 'Endometritis unrelated to pregnancy', section on 'Tuberculous endometritis' ). (uptodate.com)
- It occurs more often in women than men. (wikipedia.org)
- Roughly 2% of women will have surgery during pregnancy, involving about 80,000 anesthetics in the United States. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- However, with proper medical care, most women can enjoy a healthy pregnancy, despite their medical challenges. (nyhq.org)
- Physiologic and anatomic changes that occur as a result of the gravid state predispose women to UTI in general. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Every day on average 830 women die from pregnancy-related causes. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
- Women with a dated vaccination record in the Western Australia Antenatal Influenza Vaccination Database occurring between the estimated date of conception and 14 days before delivery were considered to be vaccinated during pregnancy. (healio.com)
- Four-fifths of all births were among mothers aged younger than 35 years, 94% were among nonindigenous persons, 44% occurred among metropolitan residents, and 65% were determined to be women in the top 20% of socioeconomic level. (healio.com)
- The unadjusted rate of stillbirths per 100,000 pregnancy days was five for unvaccinated women and three for vaccinated women. (healio.com)
- Td/Tdap - There is no minimum interval between receipt of Tdap and of the last Td booster and women should receive this with each pregnancy. (pediatriceducation.org)
- Bleeding manifestations occurred in seven women and there were three maternal deaths. (hindawi.com)
- Women are advised to avoid many medications during pregnancy, and some may be fearful of having shots during this time, too. (yahoo.com)
- Mycoplasma genitalium is a fairly dangerous infectious pathogen that can be found in both women and men. (medicine-worlds.com)
- However, with proper medical care, most women can enjoy a healthy pregnancy, even with their medical challenges. (brighamandwomens.org)
Birth6
- Obstructed labor can occur if the baby's head is too large or its position is abnormal, blocking passage through the birth canal. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
- delivery related complications, including intrapartum asphyxia, birth trauma, low birth weight and premature birth [ 2 ]. (imedpub.com)
- The virus can also be transmitted to the baby during pregnancy and birth if a pregnant woman gets varicella. (europa.eu)
- The guidelines that have been launched are designed to provide skills required to reduce neonatal mortality which occurs due to birth-asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, and other birth related complications," Dr Sikazwe said. (co.zm)
- Meanwhile World Health Organisation country representative Custodia Mandlhate said majority of neonatal deaths are preventable despite 73 percent of incidences occurring within seven days of birth. (co.zm)
- It is triggered by the cervix opening too early in the pregnancy, causing the baby to start moving down the birth canal. (eurekalert.org)
Deaths3
- Many families suffer pregnancy-related deaths. (co.zm)
- Almost all of these maternal health deaths occur in low-resource settings, and most could have been prevented. (cmmb.org)
- We focus on preventing and treating pregnancy complications and averting deaths or disabilities from complications. (cmmb.org)
Inflammation2
- The cause of such a rupture is unclear, but it may relate to changes that occur in the lymphatic tissue that lines the wall of the appendix, for example, inflammation that causes swelling and buildup of pressure within the appendix that causes it to rupture. (medicinenet.com)
- Inflammation that occurs with allergies may easily block sinuses because it is the very same mechanism. (steadyhealth.com)
20th week of pregnancy1
- It might take place before the 20th week of pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)