Nucleocapsid proteins. Medical search

Viral proteins found in either the NUCLEOCAPSID or the viral core (VIRAL CORE PROTEINS).

A protein-nucleic acid complex which forms part or all of a virion. It consists of a CAPSID plus enclosed nucleic acid. Depending on the virus, the nucleocapsid may correspond to a naked core or be surrounded by a membranous envelope.

Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.

The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.

Proteins encoded by the GAG GENE of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.

A genus of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE causing HANTAVIRUS INFECTIONS, first identified during the Korean war. Infection is found primarily in rodents and humans. Transmission does not appear to involve arthropods. HANTAAN VIRUS is the type species.

The type species of the genus HANTAVIRUS infecting the rodent Apodemus agrarius and humans who come in contact with it. It causes syndromes of hemorrhagic fever associated with vascular and especially renal pathology.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Infections with viruses of the genus HANTAVIRUS. This is associated with at least four clinical syndromes: HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME caused by viruses of the Hantaan group; a milder form of HFRS caused by SEOUL VIRUS; nephropathia epidemica caused by PUUMALA VIRUS; and HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME caused by SIN NOMBRE VIRUS.

Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. The products are usually synthesized as protein precursors or POLYPROTEINS, which are then cleaved by viral proteases to yield the final products. Many of the final products are associated with the nucleoprotein core of the virion. gag is short for group-specific antigen.

A species of CORONAVIRUS causing atypical respiratory disease (SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME) in humans. The organism is believed to have first emerged in Guangdong Province, China, in 2002. The natural host is the Chinese horseshoe bat, RHINOLOPHUS sinicus.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Motifs in DNA- and RNA-binding proteins whose amino acids are folded into a single structural unit around a zinc atom. In the classic zinc finger, one zinc atom is bound to two cysteines and two histidines. In between the cysteines and histidines are 12 residues which form a DNA binding fingertip. By variations in the composition of the sequences in the fingertip and the number and spacing of tandem repeats of the motif, zinc fingers can form a large number of different sequence specific binding sites.

Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.

The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.

A species in the ORTHOBUNYAVIRUS genus of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE. A large number of serotypes or strains exist in many parts of the world. They are transmitted by mosquitoes and infect humans in some areas.

A species of the CORONAVIRUS genus causing hepatitis in mice. Four strains have been identified as MHV 1, MHV 2, MHV 3, and MHV 4 (also known as MHV-JHM, which is neurotropic and causes disseminated encephalomyelitis with demyelination as well as focal liver necrosis).

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

An acute febrile disease occurring predominately in Asia. It is characterized by fever, prostration, vomiting, hemorrhagic phenonema, shock, and renal failure. It is caused by any one of several closely related species of the genus Hantavirus. The most severe form is caused by HANTAAN VIRUS whose natural host is the rodent Apodemus agrarius. Milder forms are caused by SEOUL VIRUS and transmitted by the rodents Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus, and the PUUMALA VIRUS with transmission by Clethrionomys galreolus.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

The biosynthesis of DNA carried out on a template of RNA.

A species in the genus CORONAVIRUS causing the common cold and possibly nervous system infections in humans. It contains hemagglutinin-esterase.

The type species of MORBILLIVIRUS and the cause of the highly infectious human disease MEASLES, which affects mostly children.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

A species of CORONAVIRUS causing infections in chickens and possibly pheasants. Chicks up to four weeks old are the most severely affected.

A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying lysine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A genus of the family ARTERIVIRIDAE, in the order NIDOVIRALES. The type species is ARTERITIS VIRUS, EQUINE.

A family of viruses, mainly arboviruses, consisting of a single strand of RNA. Virions are enveloped particles 90-120 nm diameter. The complete family contains over 300 members arranged in five genera: ORTHOBUNYAVIRUS; HANTAVIRUS; NAIROVIRUS; PHLEBOVIRUS; and TOSPOVIRUS.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing cattle plague, a disease with high mortality. Sheep, goats, pigs, and other animals of the order Artiodactyla can also be infected.

The type species of VESICULOVIRUS causing a disease symptomatically similar to FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cattle, horses, and pigs. It may be transmitted to other species including humans, where it causes influenza-like symptoms.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

A species of RESPIROVIRUS also called hemadsorption virus 2 (HA2), which causes laryngotracheitis in humans, especially children.

A species of ARTERIVIRUS causing reproductive and respiratory disease in pigs. The European strain is called Lelystad virus. Airborne transmission is common.

A species of HANTAVIRUS causing nephropathia epidemica, a mild form of HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME. It is found in most of Europe and especially in Finland, along with its carrier rodent, the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus).

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Proteins conjugated with nucleic acids.

Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).

A genus of plant viruses in the family BUNYAVIRIDAE. Tomato spotted wilt virus is the type species. Transmission occurs by at least nine species of thrips.

Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A genus of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE containing over 150 viruses, most of which are transmitted by mosquitoes or flies. They are arranged in groups defined by serological criteria, each now named for the original reference species (previously called serogroups). Many species have multiple serotypes or strains.

A genus of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE comprising many viruses, most of which are transmitted by Phlebotomus flies and cause PHLEBOTOMUS FEVER. The type species is RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS.

A family of bullet-shaped viruses of the order MONONEGAVIRALES, infecting vertebrates, arthropods, protozoa, and plants. Genera include VESICULOVIRUS; LYSSAVIRUS; EPHEMEROVIRUS; NOVIRHABDOVIRUS; Cytorhabdovirus; and Nucleorhabdovirus.

A genus in the family FILOVIRIDAE consisting of one species (Lake Victoria marburgvirus) with several strains. The genus shows no antigenic cross-reactivity with EBOLAVIRUS.

A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying proline to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.

Spherical RNA viruses, in the order NIDOVIRALES, infecting a wide range of animals including humans. Transmission is by fecal-oral and respiratory routes. Mechanical transmission is also common. There are two genera: CORONAVIRUS and TOROVIRUS.

A family of RNA viruses naturally infecting rodents and consisting of one genus (ARENAVIRUS) with two groups: Old World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD) and New World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, NEW WORLD). Infection in rodents is persistent and silent. Vertical transmission is through milk-, saliva-, or urine-borne routes. Horizontal transmission to humans, monkeys, and other animals is important.

A species of CORONAVIRUS infecting neonatal calves, presenting as acute diarrhea, and frequently leading to death.

A genus of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE (subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE) where the virions of most members have hemagglutinin but not neuraminidase activity. All members produce both cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies. MEASLES VIRUS is the type species.

A family of spherical viruses, of the order MONONEGAVIRALES, somewhat larger than the orthomyxoviruses, and containing single-stranded RNA. Subfamilies include PARAMYXOVIRINAE and PNEUMOVIRINAE.

The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.

Virus diseases caused by the BUNYAVIRIDAE.

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.

A species in the genus CORONAVIRUS causing the common cold and possibly nervous system infections in humans. It lacks hemagglutinin-esterase.

A species of HANTAVIRUS which emerged in the Four Corners area of the United States in 1993. It causes a serious, often fatal pulmonary illness (HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME) in humans. Transmission is by inhaling aerosolized rodent secretions that contain virus particles, carried especially by deer mice (PEROMYSCUS maniculatus) and pinyon mice (P. truei).

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A genus of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE (subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE) where all the virions have both HEMAGGLUTININ and NEURAMINIDASE activities and encode a non-structural C protein. SENDAI VIRUS is the type species.

Proteins associated with the inner surface of the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope. These proteins have been implicated in control of viral transcription and may possibly serve as the "glue" that binds the nucleocapsid to the appropriate membrane site during viral budding from the host cell.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

A genus of the family CORONAVIRIDAE which causes respiratory or gastrointestinal disease in a variety of vertebrates.

A viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by MORBILLIVIRUS. It may be acute, subacute, or chronic with the major lesions characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the entire digestive tract. The disease was declared successfully eradicated worldwide in 2010.

Methods used for studying the interactions of antibodies with specific regions of protein antigens. Important applications of epitope mapping are found within the area of immunochemistry.

A subfamily of the family MURIDAE comprised of 69 genera. New World mice and rats are included in this subfamily.

A genus of the family BACULOVIRIDAE, subfamily Eubaculovirinae, characterized by the formation of crystalline, polyhedral occlusion bodies in the host cell nucleus. The type species is Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for proteins associated with the viral core in retroviruses. gag is short for group-specific antigen.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A rare, slowly progressive encephalitis caused by chronic infection with the MEASLES VIRUS. The condition occurs primarily in children and young adults, approximately 2-8 years after the initial infection. A gradual decline in intellectual abilities and behavioral alterations are followed by progressive MYOCLONUS; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; SEIZURES; DEMENTIA; autonomic dysfunction; and ATAXIA. DEATH usually occurs 1-3 years after disease onset. Pathologic features include perivascular cuffing, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, neurophagia, and fibrous gliosis. It is caused by the SSPE virus, which is a defective variant of MEASLES VIRUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp767-8)

A genus of the family RHABDOVIRIDAE that infects a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. The type species is VESICULAR STOMATITIS INDIANA VIRUS.

A species in the ORTHOBUNYAVIRUS genus of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE. Serotypes are found in temperate and arctic regions and each is closely associated with a single species of vector mosquito. The vertebrate hosts are usually small mammals but several serotypes infect humans.

A family of viruses, of the order NIDOVIRALES, containing spherical virions. In contrast to CORONAVIRIDAE, no protruding spikes are obvious on the surface.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.

High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages.

A mosquito-borne species of the PHLEBOVIRUS genus found in eastern, central, and southern Africa, producing massive hepatitis, abortion, and death in sheep, goats, cattle, and other animals. It also has caused disease in humans.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A reverse transcriptase encoded by the POL GENE of HIV. It is a heterodimer of 66 kDa and 51 kDa subunits that are derived from a common precursor protein. The heterodimer also includes an RNAse H activity (RIBONUCLEASE H, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS) that plays an essential role the viral replication process.

A species of CORONAVIRUS causing a fatal disease to pigs under 3 weeks old.

One of two groups of viruses in the ARENAVIRUS genus and considered part of the New World complex. It includes JUNIN VIRUS; PICHINDE VIRUS; Amapari virus, and Machupo virus among others. They are the cause of human hemorrhagic fevers mostly in Central and South America.

A serotype of the species California encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, CALIFORNIA), in the genus ORTHOBUNYAVIRUS, causing human MENINGOENCEPHALITIS. This is the agent most responsible for California encephalitis (ENCEPHALITIS, CALIFORNIA), the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease recognized in the United States.

A species of BETARETROVIRUS isolated from mammary carcinoma in rhesus monkeys. It appears to have evolved from a recombination between a murine B oncovirus and a primate C oncovirus related to the baboon endogenous virus. Several serologically distinct strains exist. MPMV induces SIMIAN AIDS.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

Diseases caused by American hemorrhagic fever viruses (ARENAVIRUSES, NEW WORLD).

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Acute respiratory illness in humans caused by the Muerto Canyon virus whose primary rodent reservoir is the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus. First identified in the southwestern United States, this syndrome is characterized most commonly by fever, myalgias, headache, cough, and rapid respiratory failure.

A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) arising during the propagation of S37 mouse sarcoma, and causing lymphoid leukemia in mice. It also infects rats and newborn hamsters. It is apparently transmitted to embryos in utero and to newborns through mother's milk.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

The only genus in the family ARENAVIRIDAE. It contains two groups ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD and ARENAVIRUSES, NEW WORLD, which are distinguished by antigenic relationships and geographic distribution.

A genus of owlet moths of the family Noctuidae. These insects are used in molecular biology studies during all stages of their life cycle.

A species of ARENAVIRUS, part of the New World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, NEW WORLD), causing Argentinian hemorrhagic fever. The disease is characterized by congestion, edema, generalized lymphadenopathy and hemorrhagic necrosis and is sometimes fatal.

A species of HENIPAVIRUS, closely related to HENDRA VIRUS, which emerged in Peninsular Malaysia in 1998. It causes a severe febrile VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS in humans and also encephalitis and RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS in pigs. Fruit bats (PTEROPUS) are the natural host.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A species of DNA virus, in the genus WHISPOVIRUS, infecting PENAEID SHRIMP.

A species of PNEUMOVIRUS causing an important respiratory infection in cattle. Symptoms include fever, conjunctivitis, and respiratory distress.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

A family of cellular proteins that mediate the correct assembly or disassembly of polypeptides and their associated ligands. Although they take part in the assembly process, molecular chaperones are not components of the final structures.

A class I viral fusion protein that forms the characteristic spikes, or peplomers, found on the viral surface that mediate virus attachment, fusion, and entry into the host cell. During virus maturation, it is cleaved into two subunits: S1, which binds to receptors in the host cell, and S2, which mediates membrane fusion.

A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing distemper in dogs, wolves, foxes, raccoons, and ferrets. Pinnipeds have also been known to contract Canine distemper virus from contact with domestic dogs.

A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing a severe, often fatal enteritis and pneumonia (PESTE-DES-PETITS-RUMINANTS) in sheep and goats.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A syndrome characterized by outbreaks of late term abortions, high numbers of stillbirths and mummified or weak newborn piglets, and respiratory disease in young unweaned and weaned pigs. It is caused by PORCINE RESPIRATORY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYNDROME VIRUS. (Radostits et al., Veterinary Medicine, 8th ed, p1048)

An area showing altered staining behavior in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a virus-infected cell. Some inclusion bodies represent "virus factories" in which viral nucleic acid or protein is being synthesized; others are merely artifacts of fixation and staining. One example, Negri bodies, are found in the cytoplasm or processes of nerve cells in animals that have died from rabies.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A genus in the family FILOVIRIDAE consisting of several distinct species of Ebolavirus, each containing separate strains. These viruses cause outbreaks of a contagious, hemorrhagic disease (HEMORRHAGIC FEVER, EBOLA) in humans, usually with high mortality.

The type species of the genus ARTERIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of an important equine respiratory disease causing abortion, pneumonia, or other infections.

A species of ALPHAVIRUS isolated in central, eastern, and southern Africa.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

A species of RESPIROVIRUS frequently isolated from small children with pharyngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The most well known avian paramyxovirus in the genus AVULAVIRUS and the cause of a highly infectious pneumoencephalitis in fowl. It is also reported to cause CONJUNCTIVITIS in humans. Transmission is by droplet inhalation or ingestion of contaminated water or food.

The type species of LYSSAVIRUS causing rabies in humans and other animals. Transmission is mostly by animal bites through saliva. The virus is neurotropic multiplying in neurons and myotubes of vertebrates.

A species of NAIROVIRUS of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE. It is primarily transmitted by ticks and causes a severe, often fatal disease in humans.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Family of INSECT VIRUSES containing two subfamilies: Eubaculovirinae (occluded baculoviruses) and Nudibaculovirinae (nonoccluded baculoviruses). The Eubaculovirinae, which contain polyhedron-shaped inclusion bodies, have two genera: NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS and GRANULOVIRUS. Baculovirus vectors are used for expression of foreign genes in insects.

Regulatory sequences important for viral replication that are located on each end of the HIV genome. The LTR includes the HIV ENHANCER, promoter, and other sequences. Specific regions in the LTR include the negative regulatory element (NRE), NF-kappa B binding sites , Sp1 binding sites, TATA BOX, and trans-acting responsive element (TAR). The binding of both cellular and viral proteins to these regions regulates HIV transcription.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

A subfamily of MURIDAE found nearly world-wide and consisting of about 20 genera. Voles, lemmings, and muskrats are members.

Proteins encoded by a VIRAL GENOME that are produced in the organisms they infect, but not packaged into the VIRUS PARTICLES. Some of these proteins may play roles within the infected cell during VIRUS REPLICATION or act in regulation of virus replication or VIRUS ASSEMBLY.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A species of ARENAVIRUS, part of the Old World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD), and the etiologic agent of LASSA FEVER. LASSA VIRUS is a common infective agent in humans in West Africa. Its natural host is the multimammate mouse Mastomys natalensis.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.

A family of CRUSTACEA, order DECAPODA, comprising the penaeid shrimp. Species of the genus Penaeus are the most important commercial shrimp throughout the world.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.

Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.

A group of viruses in the PNEUMOVIRUS genus causing respiratory infections in various mammals. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have also been reported.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

An enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template. It is encoded by the pol gene of retroviruses and by certain retrovirus-like elements. EC 2.7.7.49.

An enzyme that catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time, and can initiate a chain de novo. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p293)

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Macromolecular molds for the synthesis of complementary macromolecules, as in DNA REPLICATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of DNA to RNA, and GENETIC TRANSLATION of RNA into POLYPEPTIDES.

Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Disruption of the secondary structure of nucleic acids by heat, extreme pH or chemical treatment. Double strand DNA is "melted" by dissociation of the non-covalent hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Denatured DNA appears to be a single-stranded flexible structure. The effects of denaturation on RNA are similar though less pronounced and largely reversible.

The type species of PNEUMOVIRUS and an important cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and young children. It frequently presents with bronchitis and bronchopneumonia and is further characterized by fever, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, and pallor.

A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Complexes of RNA-binding proteins with ribonucleic acids (RNA).

A severe, often fatal disease in humans caused by the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (HEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS, CRIMEAN-CONGO).

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Group of alpharetroviruses (ALPHARETROVIRUS) producing sarcomata and other tumors in chickens and other fowl and also in pigeons, ducks, and RATS.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

Enzyme of the human immunodeficiency virus that is required for post-translational cleavage of gag and gag-pol precursor polyproteins into functional products needed for viral assembly. HIV protease is an aspartic protease encoded by the amino terminus of the pol gene.

Release of a virus from the host cell following VIRUS ASSEMBLY and maturation. Egress can occur by host cell lysis, EXOCYTOSIS, or budding through the plasma membrane.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

A single chain of deoxyribonucleotides that occurs in some bacteria and viruses. It usually exists as a covalently closed circle.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Magnesium chloride. An inorganic compound consisting of one magnesium and two chloride ions. The compound is used in medicine as a source of magnesium ions, which are essential for many cellular activities. It has also been used as a cathartic and in alloys.

Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.

A species of ALPHARETROVIRUS causing anemia in fowl.

Glycoprotein from Sendai, para-influenza, Newcastle Disease, and other viruses that participates in binding the virus to cell-surface receptors. The HN protein possesses both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activity.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

A ribonuclease that specifically cleaves the RNA moiety of RNA:DNA hybrids. It has been isolated from a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms as well as RETROVIRUSES.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES).

Crystal structures of two H-2Db/glycopeptide complexes suggest a molecular basis for CTL cross-reactivity. (1/841)

Two synthetic O-GlcNAc-bearing peptides that elicit H-2Db-restricted glycopeptide-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) have been shown to display nonreciprocal patterns of cross-reactivity. Here, we present the crystal structures of the H-2Db glycopeptide complexes to 2.85 A resolution or better. In both cases, the glycan is solvent exposed and available for direct recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR). We have modeled the complex formed between the MHC-glycopeptide complexes and their respective TCRs, showing that a single saccharide residue can be accommodated in the standard TCR-MHC geometry. The models also reveal a possible molecular basis for the observed cross-reactivity patterns of the CTL clones, which appear to be influenced by the length of the CDR3 loop and the nature of the immunizing ligand. (+info)

Interferon-induced human MxA GTPase blocks nuclear import of Thogoto virus nucleocapsids. (2/841)

Interferon-induced human MxA protein belongs to the dynamin superfamily of large GTPases. It exhibits antiviral activity against a variety of RNA viruses, including Thogoto virus, an influenza virus-like orthomyxovirus transmitted by ticks. Here, we report that MxA blocks the transport of Thogoto virus nucleocapsids into the nucleus, thereby preventing transcription of the viral genome. This interaction can be abolished by a mAb that neutralizes the antiviral activity of MxA. Our results reveal an antiviral mechanism whereby an interferon-induced protein traps the incoming virus and interferes with proper transport of the viral genome to its ultimate target compartment within the infected cell. (+info)

DNA vaccination with hantavirus M segment elicits neutralizing antibodies and protects against seoul virus infection. (3/841)

Seoul virus (SEOV) is one of four known hantaviruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Candidate naked DNA vaccines for HFRS were constructed by subcloning cDNA representing the medium (M; encoding the G1 and G2 glycoproteins) or small (S; encoding the nucleocapsid protein) genome segment of SEOV into the DNA expression vector pWRG7077. We vaccinated BALB/c mice with three doses of the M or S DNA vaccine at 4-week intervals by either gene gun inoculation of the epidermis or needle inoculation into the gastrocnemius muscle. Both routes of vaccination resulted in antibody responses as measured by ELISA; however, gene gun inoculation elicited a higher frequency of seroconversion and higher levels of antibodies in individual mice. We vaccinated Syrian hamsters with the M or S construct using the gene gun and found hantavirus-specific antibodies in five of five and four of five hamsters, respectively. Animals vaccinated with the M construct developed a neutralizing antibody response that was greatly enhanced in the presence of guinea pig complement. Immunized hamsters were challenged with SEOV and, after 28 days, were monitored for evidence of infection. Hamsters vaccinated with M were protected from infection, but hamsters vaccinated with S were not protected. (+info)

The effect of template RNA structure on elongation by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. (4/841)

Reverse transcription of the RNA genome of retroviruses has to proceed through some highly structured regions of the template. The RNA genome of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) contains two hairpin structures within the repeat (R) region at the 5' end of the viral RNA (Fig. 1Fig. 1Template RNA structure of the HIV-1 R region and the position of reverse transcription pause sites. The HIV-1 R region (nucleotides +1/97) encodes two stable RNA structures, the TAR and polyA hairpins [5]. The latter hairpin contains the AAUAAA hexamer motif (marked by a box) that is involved in polyadenylation. The lower panel shows the predicted structures of the wild-type and two mutant forms of the polyA hairpin that were used in this study. Nucleotide substitutions are boxed, deletions are indicated by black triangle. The thermodynamic stability (free energy or DeltaG, in kcal/mol) was calculated according to the Zucker algorithm [71]. The TAR hairpin has a DeltaG of -24.8 kcal/mol. Minus-strand DNA synthesis on these templates was initiated by a DNA primer annealed to the downstream PBS. The position of reverse transcription pause sites observed in this study are summarized. All numbers refer to nucleotide positions on the wild-type HIV-1 transcript. Filled arrows represent stops observed on the wild-type template, and open arrows mark the pause sites that are specific for the structured A-mutant template. The sizes of the arrows correspond to the relative frequency of pausing. Little pausing was observed on the B-mutant template with the destabilized polyA hairpin.). These structures, the TAR and polyA hairpins, fulfil important functions in the viral life cycle. We analyzed the in vitro elongation properties of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme on the wild-type RNA template and mutants thereof with either a stabilized or a destabilized polyA hairpin. Stable RNA structure was found to interfere with efficient elongation of the RT enzyme, as judged by the appearance of pause cDNA products. A direct relation was measured between the stability of template RNA structure and the extent of RT pausing. However, the position of structure-induced pause sites is rather diverse, with significant stops at a position approximately 6 nt ahead of the basepaired stem of the TAR and polyA hairpins. This suggests that the RT enzyme is stalled when its most forward domain contacts the RNA duplex. Addition of the viral nucleocapsid protein (NC) to the in vitro assay was found to overcome such structure-induced RT stops. These results indicate that the RT polymerase has problems penetrating regions of the template with stable RNA structure. This effect was more pronounced at high Mg2+ concentrations, which is known to stabilize RNA secondary structure. Such a structure-induced defect was not apparent in reverse transcription assays performed in virus-infected cells, which is either caused by the NC protein or other components of the virion particle. Thus, retroviruses can use relatively stable RNA structures to control different steps in the viral life cycle without interfering with the process of reverse transcription. (+info)

The nucleocapsid protein of murine hepatitis virus type 3 induces transcription of the novel fgl2 prothrombinase gene. (5/841)

Using a set of parental and recombinant murine hepatitis virus strains, we demonstrate that the nucleocapsid protein induces transcription of the novel fgl2 prothrombinase gene and elevated procoagulant activity in those strains that produce fulminant hepatitis. Chinese hamster ovary cells cotransfected with a construct expressing nucleocapsid protein from susceptible strains and with a luciferase reporter construct containing the fgl2 promoter showed a 6-fold increase in luciferase activity compared with nontransfected cells or cells cotransfected with a construct expressing nucleocapsid protein from resistant strains. Two deletions found at coding sites 111-123 and 1143-1145 of structural domains I and III, respectively, of the nucleocapsid gene may account for the differences between pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains. Preliminary mapping of the fgl2 promoter has defined a region from -372 to -306 upstream from the ATG translation initiation site to be responsive to nucleocapsid protein. Hence, mapping of genetic determinants in parental and recombinant strains demonstrates that the nucleocapsid protein of strains that induce fulminant hepatitis is responsible for transcription of the fgl2 prothrombinase gene. These studies provide new insights into the role of the nucleocapsid gene in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. (+info)

Comparative analysis of evolutionary mechanisms of the hemagglutinin and three internal protein genes of influenza B virus: multiple cocirculating lineages and frequent reassortment of the NP, M, and NS genes. (6/841)

Phylogenetic profiles of the genes coding for the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, nucleoprotein (NP), matrix (M) protein, and nonstructural (NS) proteins of influenza B viruses isolated from 1940 to 1998 were analyzed in a parallel manner in order to understand the evolutionary mechanisms of these viruses. Unlike human influenza A (H3N2) viruses, the evolutionary pathways of all four genes of recent influenza B viruses revealed similar patterns of genetic divergence into two major lineages. Although evolutionary rates of the HA, NP, M, and NS genes of influenza B viruses were estimated to be generally lower than those of human influenza A viruses, genes of influenza B viruses demonstrated complex phylogenetic patterns, indicating alternative mechanisms for generation of virus variability. Topologies of the evolutionary trees of each gene were determined to be quite distinct from one another, showing that these genes were evolving in an independent manner. Furthermore, variable topologies were apparently the result of frequent genetic exchange among cocirculating epidemic viruses. Evolutionary analysis done in the present study provided further evidence for cocirculation of multiple lineages as well as sequestering and reemergence of phylogenetic lineages of the internal genes. In addition, comparison of deduced amino acid sequences revealed a novel amino acid deletion in the HA1 domain of the HA protein of recent isolates from 1998 belonging to the B/Yamagata/16/88-like lineage. It thus became apparent that, despite lower evolutionary rates, influenza B viruses were able to generate genetic diversity among circulating viruses through a combination of evolutionary mechanisms involving cocirculating lineages and genetic reassortment by which new variants with distinct gene constellations emerged. (+info)

Production, characterization, and uses of monoclonal antibodies against recombinant nucleoprotein of elk coronavirus. (7/841)

This is the first report of the production of monoclonal antibodies against elk coronavirus. The nucleoprotein gene of elk coronavirus was amplified by PCR and was cloned and expressed in a prokaryotic expression vector. Recombinant nucleocapsid protein was used to immunize mice for the production of hybridomas. Twelve hybridomas that produced monoclonal antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein of elk coronavirus were selected by an indirect fluorescent-antibody test, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a Western blot assay. Ten of the monoclonal antibodies were of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) isotype, one was IgG2a, and one was IgM. All had kappa light chains. By immunohistochemistry four monoclonal antibodies detected bovine coronavirus and elk coronavirus in formalin-fixed intestinal tissues. Antinucleoprotein monoclonal antibodies were found to be better at ruminant coronavirus detection than the anti-spike protein monoclonal antibodies. Because nucleoprotein is a more abundant antigen than spike protein in infected cells, this was not an unexpected finding. (+info)

Recognition of an MHC class I-restricted antigenic peptide can be modulated by para-substitution of its buried tyrosine residues in a TCR-specific manner. (8/841)

Conformational dependence of TCR contact residues of the H-2Kb molecule on the two buried tyrosine side chains of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-8 peptide was investigated by systematic substitutions of the tyrosines with phenylalanine, p-fluorophenylalanine (pFF), or p-bromophenylalanine (pBrF). The results of peptide competition CTL assays revealed that all of the peptide variants, except for the pBrF analogues, had near-native binding to the H-2Kb molecule. Epitope-mapped anti-H-2Kb mAbs detected conformational differences among H-2Kb molecules stabilized with these VSV-8 variants on RMA-S cells. Selective recognition of the VSV-8 analogues was displayed by a panel of three H-2Kb-restricted, anti-VSV-8 TCRs. Thus, these substitutions result in an antigenically significant conformational change of the MHC molecular surface structure at both C and D pockets, and the effect of this change on cognate T cell recognition is dependent on the TCR structure. Our results confirm that the structure of buried peptide side chains can determine the surface conformation of the MHC molecule and demonstrate that even a very subtle structural nuance of the buried side chain can be incorporated into the surface conformation of the MHC molecule. The ability of buried residues to modulate this molecular surface augments the number of residues on the MHC-peptide complex that can be recognized as "foreign" by the CD8+ T cell repertoire and allows for a higher level of antigenic discrimination. This may be an important mechanism to expand the total number of TCR specificities that can respond to a single peptide determinant. (+info)

The nucleocapsid (N) protein is a protein that packages the positive-sense RNA genome of coronaviruses to form ... SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein is arginine methylated by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1)at residues R95 and ... Like the other structural proteins, the gene encoding the N protein is located toward the 3' end of the genome. N protein is ... In addition to its interactions with RNA, N forms protein-protein interactions with the coronavirus membrane protein (M) during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_nucleocapsid_protein

The nucleocapsid consisting of a protein shell and viral nucleic acids has a helical symmetry. Nucleocapsids have a diameter of ... M1 - Matrix protein. Facilitates nucleocapsid and envelope interactions. M2-1 - Matrix protein. Intragenic and intergenic ... N - Nucleocapsid protein. Essential for viral replication and transcription. Plays a major role in forming a capsid around the ... Then, through the action of the fusion protein, the virus fuses to the host plasma membrane and the nucleocapsid is released. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumoviridae

ORF6 encodes the membrane protein. The nucleocapsid (N) protein is encoded by ORF7. The N protein is composed of 123 amino ... At the end of replication, the nucleocapsid proteins surround the newly made genome. The new nucleocapsid complex buds from the ... When researchers knocked out DHX36, the activation of NF-κB signaling by PRSSV and nucleocapsid (N) protein was inhibited. ... ORF2a, 3, 4, 5, encode glycoprotein 2,2a, 3, 4, and 5. ORF2b encodes the envelope protein. There is a newly discovered protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcine_reproductive_and_respiratory_syndrome_virus_2

... nucleosomes and viral nucleocapsid proteins. Nucleoproteins tend to be positively charged, facilitating interaction with the ... Bank, RCSB Protein Data. "RCSB Protein Data Bank - RCSB PDB". Archived from the original on 2015-04-18. Retrieved 2018-04-14 ... DNA-binding protein RNA-binding protein Nucleoproteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... Currently, over 2000 RNPs can be found in the RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB). Furthermore, the Protein-RNA Interface Data Base ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoprotein

They also share similar capsid and nucleocapsid proteins/domains. Caulimoviruses also share some features with belpaoviruses, ... Their polymerase proteins are similar in structure and include aspartic protease (retroviral aspartyl protease) and an ... Their reverse transcriptase proteins share a common origin. Moreover, belpaoviruses, metaviruses, pseudoviruses, and ... "Homologous Capsid Proteins Testify to the Common Ancestry of Retroviruses, Caulimoviruses, Pseudoviruses, and Metaviruses". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortervirales

Gag encodes a polyprotein with a capsid and a nucleocapsid domain. Gag proteins form virus-like particles in the cytoplasm ... Sandmeyer, Suzanne B; Clemens, Kristina A (2010). "Function of a retrotransposon nucleocapsid protein". RNA Biology. 7 (6): 642 ... Based on structure, presence/absence of specific protein domains, and conserved protein sequence motifs, they can be subdivided ... Occasional ribosomal frameshifting allows the production of both proteins, while ensuring that much more Gag protein is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTR_retrotransposon

Another important structural protein is the phosphoprotein nucleocapsid protein (N), which is responsible for the helical ... proteins. The spike protein makes up the large surface projections (sometimes known as peplomers), while the membrane protein ... McBride R, van Zyl M, Fielding BC (August 2014). "The coronavirus nucleocapsid is a multifunctional protein". Viruses. 6 (8): ... The fourth and smallest viral structural protein is known as the envelope protein (E), thought to be involved in viral budding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviridae

The virus is made up of four ssRNA segments, seven open reading frames, a nucleocapsid protein, and an RNA polymerase protein. ... RNA 3: Encodes for gene silencing suppressor proteins and nucleocapsid proteins. This table from KnowledgeBank.irri.org ... RNA 1 is negative sense and encodes a protein that is part of the RNA polymerase. RNA 2 and RNA 4: These strands are ambisense ... Xiong, Ruyi; Jianxiang Wu; Yijun Zhou; Xueping Zhou (2008). "Identification of a Movement Protein of the Tenuvirus Rice Stripe ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_stripe_tenuivirus

Nevertheless, viral particles have been found to have a nucleocapsid. The source of the nucleocapsid protein remains unknown. ... proteins. GB-C virus does not appear to encode a C (core or nucleocapsid) protein like, for instance, hepatitis C virus. ... About 2% of healthy US blood donors are viraemic with GBV-C, and up to 13% of blood donors have antibodies to E2 protein, ... This beneficial effect may be related to action of several GBV-C viral proteins, including NS5A phosphoprotein and E2 envelope ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_virus_C

Inside the envelope, there is the nucleocapsid, which is formed from multiple copies of the nucleocapsid (N) protein, which are ... There, the M proteins direct most protein-protein interactions required for assembly of viruses following its binding to the ... and nucleocapsid (N). The later ORFs also encode for eight unique proteins (orf3a to orf9b), known as the accessory proteins, ... Chang CK, Hou MH, Chang CF, Hsiao CD, Huang TH (March 2014). "The SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein--forms and functions". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-related_coronavirus

The HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein 7 (NCp7) is the protein targeted by zinc ejectors. NCp7 is initially formed as part of the gag ... HIV Agents That Selectively Target Retroviral Nucleocapsid Protein Zinc Fingers without Affecting Cellular Zinc Finger Proteins ... Musah, Rabi Ann (2004). "The HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Zinc Finger Protein as a Target of Antiretroviral Therapy" (PDF). Current ... the compounds interact with an 18-residue polypeptide on the N terminal zinc knuckle region of the HIV nucleocapsid protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_finger_inhibitor

L protein), the M RNA segment encodes two surface glycoproteins (Gc and Gn), and the S RNA segment encodes a nucleocapsid ... The N protein is the most abundant viral protein in Bunyaviridae virus particles and infected cells and, therefore, the main ... "The crystal structure of the Hazara virus nucleocapsid protein". BMC Structural Biology. 15: 24. doi:10.1186/s12900-015-0051-3 ... protein (N). The three genomic RNA segments are encapsidated by copies of the N protein in the form of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara_orthonairovirus

FDV is not enveloped but has a nucleocapsid. The capsid has two layers and is icosahedral. The two known cell surface proteins ... There are at least six structural proteins coded for in the genome. Replication occurs in the host cell cytoplasm or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_disease_virus

Nucleocapsid (NC) protein is the most abundant protein, which coats the RNA; while other proteins, present in much smaller ... Proteins: consisting of gag proteins, protease (PR), pol proteins, and env proteins. Group-specific antigen (gag) proteins are ... Pol proteins are responsible for synthesis of viral DNA and integration into host DNA after infection. Env proteins play a role ... Next, some of these RNA molecules are translated into viral proteins. The proteins encoded by the gag and pol genes are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrovirus

The nucleocapsid contains around 2000 copies of the capsid protein. The symmetry of the nucleocapsid is helical with a pitch of ... This is processed into ten smaller proteins: protein 1 protease (P1-Pro), helper component protease (HC-Pro), protein 3 (P3), ... capsid protein (CP) and two small putative proteins known as 6K1 and 6K2. The P3 cistron also encodes a second protein-P3N-PIPO ... end a protein is covalently linked (the VPg protein). It encodes a single open reading frame (ORF) expressed as a 350 kDa ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potyvirus

... these genes encode seven nonstructural proteins and three structural proteins. The RNA strand is held within a nucleocapsid ... Hall, RA; Broom AK; Hartnett AC; Howard MJ; Mackenzie JS (February 1995). "Immunodominant epitopes on the NS1 protein of MVE ... Image reconstructions and cryoelectron microscopy reveal a 45-50 nm virion covered with a relatively smooth protein surface. ... Typical findings of WNV infection include lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein level, reference glucose and lactic acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_fever

The Gag polyprotein is cleaved into matrix (MA), capsid (CA) and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins. Cleavage between CA and NC ... The capsid protein derived from the polyprotein Gag is assembled into a viral core (the protein shell of a virus) and the ... The bovine protein is homologous with other mammalian species and is a homogeneous 50 kDa glycoprotein with an isoelectric ... The protein is prepared in a lyophilized (freeze-dried) 1 microgram dose. Reconstitution in sterile diluent produces a solution ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus

"The RNA Binding Specificity of Human APOBEC3 Proteins Resembles That of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid". PLOS Pathogens. 12 (8): e1005833. ... Bieniasz PD, Grdina TA, Bogerd HP, Cullen BR (December 1998). "Recruitment of a protein complex containing Tat and cyclin T1 to ... Subsequently, another inhibitor of HIV-1 replication was discovered in his lab, Mx2, a cellular protein shown to inhibit post- ... Bieniasz showed that the retroviral protein Gag assembles at the plasma membrane, recruiting the viral genome by hijacking a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Bieniasz

... and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. The M protein is a transmembrane protein with three transmembrane domains and is around 230 ... The M protein organizes the assembly of coronavirus virions through protein-protein interactions with other M protein molecules ... thought to have different roles in forming protein-protein interactions with other structural proteins. M protein of SARS-CoV-2 ... The membrane (M) protein (previously called E1, sometimes also matrix protein) is an integral membrane protein that is the most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_membrane_protein

... viral proteins, and host proteins. The viral proteins include integrase, nucleocapsid, matrix, viral protein R (Vpr), and ... Several host proteins can also form part of this complex, although it is unclear whether some or all join the preintegration ... This protein, which is 288 amino acids in length, contains three "domains", in this order:[citation needed] 1. Amino (N)- ... The RNA genome of progeny virions and the template for translation of viral proteins are made when the integrated viral DNA is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV_integration

The ER protein TAP also plays a role in MHC down regulation. Viral proteins inhibit TAP preventing the MHC from picking up a ... The icosahedral nucleocapsid is similar to that of tailed bacteriophage in the order Caudovirales. This capsid has 161 ... which is itself wrapped in a protein layer called the tegument containing both viral proteins and viral mRNAs and a lipid ... The cmvIL-10 protein has 27% identity with hIL-10 and only one conserved residue out of the nine amino acids that make up the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpesviridae

FMV vcRNA3 (1490 nt) encodes a 35 kDa nucleocapsid (N) protein. FMV vcRNA4 (1472 nt) encodes a 40.5 kDa protein with function ... The protein encoded by the fourth segment on the viral genome, RNA4, still has an unknown function. Additionally, the exact ... Like all plant viruses, FMV encodes a movement protein (MP) to enable it to move between cells, usually by increasing the size ... FMV vcRNA 1 codes for RNA dependent RNA polymerase protein (RdRp), which has endonuclease function at its N terminus and is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig_mosaic_emaravirus

These structures interact with amino acids located in the nucleocapsid, or NC domain, of the Gag protein. Once the ... Qualley DF, Sokolove VL, Ross JL (March 2015). "Bovine leukemia virus nucleocapsid protein is an efficient nucleic acid ... "Retrovirus-specific differences in matrix and nucleocapsid protein-nucleic acid interactions: implications for genomic RNA ... If the encapsidation (packaging) signal is not essential for this particle assembly, then the protein interactions among Gag ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_leukaemia_virus_RNA_packaging_signal

... segments which generally encode the nucleocapsid, envelope protein and the polymerase protein, respectively. The size of the S ... It has been demonstrated in previous studies that in mammalian cells, the NSs protein will induce a shut-off of host protein ... The S segment encodes the nucleocapsid (N) and the non-structural (NSs) proteins. The M segment encodes the virion surface ... "Bunyamwera virus possesses a distinct nucleocapsid protein to facilitate genome encapsidation". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batai_orthobunyavirus

Levin JG, Mitra M, Mascarenhas A, Musier-Forsyth K. Role of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein in HIV-1 reverse transcription. RNA Biol ... Levin, Judith G; Mitra, Mithun; Mascarenhas, Anjali; Musier-Forsyth, Karin (2010). "Role of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein in HIV-1 ... Berkhout B, Mouland AJ, Musier-Forsyth K. Retroviral nucleocapsid protein and assembly. Foreword. Virus Res. 2014;193:1. ... biophysical and cell-based approaches to understand the interactions of proteins and RNAs involved in protein synthesis and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin_Musier-Forsyth

The major capsid protein VP39 together with some minor proteins forms the nucleocapsid (21 nm x 260 nm) that encloses the DNA ... The nucleocapsid assembly is not dependent on the ac83 protein product. During periods of evolution, the baculoviral envelope ... This protein forms structures called peplomers on one end of the budded virus particle, but is not found on ODVs (although ... The protein matrix dissolves in the alkaline environment of the host midgut (stomach), releasing ODVs that then fuse to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baculoviridae

The nucleocapsid core is composed of the genomic RNA, nucleocapsid proteins, phosphoproteins and polymerase proteins. The ... Fusion proteins and attachment proteins appear as spikes on the virion surface. Matrix proteins inside the envelope stabilise ... M - the matrix protein assembles between the envelope and the nucleocapsid core, it organizes and maintains virion structure F ... For example, nucleocapsid protein, N, is needed in greater amounts than RNA polymerase, L. Viruses in the Paramyxoviridae ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramyxoviridae

... and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins, and some smaller peptides. Gag-derived proteins govern the entire assembly and release of the ... Poon DT, Li G, Aldovini A (March 1998). "Nucleocapsid and matrix protein contributions to selective human immunodeficiency ... These proteins line the inner surface of viral envelopes and are associated with viral membranes. Matrix proteins are produced ... Typical matrix proteins of retroviruses form an alpha helical bundle structure . One family of these proteins represents matrix ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroviral_matrix_protein

The virions have four structural proteins which include a nucleocapsid protein, a non-glycosylated envelope protein, a major ... "The Lactate Dehydrogenase-Elevating Virus Capsid Protein is a Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Protein". Archives of Virology. 154 (7): 1071 ... The virus has a density of 1.13g/mL and the nucleocapsid has a density of 1.17g/mL in a sucrose density gradient. LDV has been ... The virus contains a nucleocapsid that is spherical with a diameter of 35 ± 4 nm. This is then enclosed in an envelope to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactate_dehydrogenase_elevating_virus

The RNA genome forms a nucleocapsid along with copies of the 12-kDa capsid protein. The nucleocapsid, in turn, is enveloped ... One of the structural proteins encapsulates the virus. This protein is the flavivirus envelope glycoprotein, that binds to the ... the RNA genome encodes seven nonstructural proteins and three structural proteins in the form of a single polyprotein (Q32ZE1 ... The viral protein numbered NS4A can lead to small head size (microcephaly) because it disrupts brain growth by hijacking a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zika_virus

... nucleocapsid protein (N), and the spike protein (S). The M protein of SARS-CoV-2 is about 98% similar to the M protein of bat ... interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP‑10), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1‑alpha ... The S-protein, otherwise known as the spike protein, is the viral component that attaches to the host receptor via the ACE2 ... The M protein is the viral protein responsible for the transmembrane transport of nutrients. It is the cause of the bud release ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

"Complementation of coat protein-defective TMV mutants in transgenic tobacco plants expressing TMV coat protein , Jane K. ... Osbourn, J. K.; Watts, J. W.; Beachy, R. N.; Wilson, T. M. (30 September 1989). "Evidence that nucleocapsid disassembly and a ... at the John Innes Centre for Plant Science Research in Norwich which resulted in the publication of Evidence that nucleocapsid ... disassembly and a later step in virus replication are inhibited in transgenic tobacco protoplasts expressing TMV coat protein. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Osbourn

There are three main types of viral glycoproteins: Envelope proteins, membrane proteins, and spike proteins (E, M, and S). The ... The nucleocapsid of the virion is made up of the nucleic acid and the capsid. Remember that the genomes of most viruses are ... either of the fusion protein or of a companion protein, is necessary for the majority of viral fusion proteins. The priming ... So far, structural studies have revealed two kinds of viral fusion proteins. These proteins are believed to catalyze the same ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_envelope

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, glycoprotein precursor, nucleocapsid, and P4 proteins of WMoV exhibited limited sequence ... while proteins encoded by additional genomic RNA segments displayed no significant homology with proteins reported in GenBank, ... Adarsh K. Gupta (2019). "P7 and P8 proteins of High Plains wheat mosaic virus, a negative-strand RNA virus, employ distinct ... mite-transmitted plant virus contains eight genomic RNA segments with unusual heterogeneity in the nucleocapsid protein". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Plains_wheat_mosaic_emaravirus

Inside the envelope are the nucleocapsids. These are composed of many copies of the nucleocapsid protein N, which interact with ... The S segment, 1-3 kilobases (kb) in length, encodes for the nucleocapsid (N) protein. The M segment, 3.2-4.9 kb in length, ... Within virions, the genomic RNAs of hantaviruses are thought to complex with the N protein to form helical nucleocapsids, the ... Transcription of viral genes must be initiated by association of the L protein with the three nucleocapsid species. In addition ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthohantavirus

Proteins constitute around 94% of the virus by weight. The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins ... Capsid / nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagus_virus_1

A feature of the picornavirus genome is the virus protein that is linked at the 5' end of the genome, known as "VPg" (Virus- ... The virion essentially is a nucleocapsid that is visible under an electron microscope and is able to infect cultured cells from ... Protein-attached-to-the-Genome). In addition, the 3' end of the genome has a poly-A tail. The transcription of the erbovirus ... genome gives rise to a polyprotein which is further more processed and cleaved to give the mature viral proteins, in order from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbovirus

See Table 1. Li, Fang (2016-09-29). "Structure, Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins". Annual Review of ... Molecular clock analysis using spike and nucleocapsid genes dates the most recent common ancestor of all genotypes to the 1950s ... It has, like other coronaviruses from genus Betacoronavirus, subgenus Embecovirus, an additional shorter spike protein called ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_OC43

The mechanism by which the contacts between the viral nucleocapsid and M protein, which forms a shell beneath the lipid bilayer ... Entebbe Bat Virus is an enveloped virus, which means that it has to bind its envelope proteins to a cell surface protein on the ... The genome encodes 3 structural proteins (Capsid, prM, and Envelope) and 8 non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A ... the proteins rotate to form trimers, and the fusion peptide is directed toward the cell membrane The viral envelope protein E ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entebbe_bat_virus

"Association of the nucleocapsid protein of the Seoul and Hantaan hantaviruses with small ubiquitin-like modifier-1-related ... "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957-68. doi:10.1016/j.cell ... This protein is one of the components of a histone deacetylase complex referred to as the Mi-2/NuRD complex which participates ... Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD3 gene. This gene encodes a member ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHD3

The nucleocapsid protein C and the three envelope glycoproteins Erns, E1, and E2 are the virion's structural components. ... Npro (p20), a protein specific to pestivirus with a molecular weight of roughly 20 kDa, is the first protein generated from the ... Viral proteins are first translated as polyprotein, and then processed into individual structure and non-structure proteins by ... research on the virus still mostly focuses on its structural protein. Understanding BVDV non-structural proteins would assist ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus

The most abundant protein produced is the nucleoprotein, whose concentration in the cell determines when the RdRp switches from ... The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, or RNA replicase) partially uncoats the nucleocapsid and transcribes the genes ... Newly synthesized structural proteins and genomes self-assemble and accumulate near the inside of the cell membrane. Virions ... 1.32 g/cm3 it forms nucleocapsids with a central axial channel (≈10-15 nm in width) surrounded by a dark layer (≈20 nm in width ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae

However, the nucleocapsid protein is similar to that of rodent and shrew-borne hantaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses positions it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asama_orthohantavirus

... which encodes coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. The encoded protein is 97 amino acid residues long in SARS-CoV and 98 in SARS- ... The ORF9b protein has been reported to interact with a number of other viral proteins, including ORF6, non-structural protein 5 ... The ORF9b protein may be involved in modulating the host's immune system response. The SARS-CoV-2 protein has been reported to ... A fragment of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b protein has been structurally characterized in a protein complex with Tom70 in which ORF9b ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORF9b

... protein Zn2+ fingers support replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 when they are substituted in the nucleocapsid ... Cellular nucleic acid-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CNBP gene. The ZNF9 protein contains 7 zinc ... "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (1): 89. doi: ... Gerbasi VR, Link AJ (Jun 2007). "The myotonic dystrophy type 2 protein ZNF9 is part of an ITAF complex that promotes cap- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNBP

RNA1 ORF1: Nucleocapsid (N) protein ORF2: Phosphoprotein (P) ORF3: Proteins involved in viral cell-to-cell movement ORF4: ... The viral proteins then reenter the nucleus where they aggregate into a viroplasm. There, the various viral structural proteins ... Matrix (M) protein ORF5: Glycoprotein (G) RNA2 ORF6: Polymerase (L) protein (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) Chlorotic and ... The whole genome of OFV has been sequenced and its six main protein products have been sequenced as well. Much is still not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchid_fleck_dichorhavirus

virus attachment protein Any protein which helps to facilitate the binding of a virus to a receptor on a host cell. virus ... neurovirology novel virus nucleocapsid The capsid of a virus together with the viral genome contained within it. oncovirus ... viral plaque viral protein viral shedding viral transformation viral vector viremia virion A singular, stable particle that is ... Baltimore classification base pair (bp) cap cap snatching capsid The outer shell of protein that encloses and protects the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_virology

Envelope fusion with the plasma membrane of the host cell causes separation of the nucleocapsid from viral DNA and proteins. ... DNA and proteins enter the host cell nucleus and turn-off host cell synthesis of nucleic acids, proteins, and other macro ... Similar Alphaviruses use gC protein to aid in binding the virion to the cell and gD to stabilize it, if required. gB, gD, gH, ... L genes are transcribed "after the synthesis of DNA and viral protein onset." Virion DNA maturation occurs as the nucleocapids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_plague

The nucleocapsid of an orthomyxovirus is transported to the nucleus where it is transcribed by viral enzymes resulting in the ... The RNA strand is segmented in ten viral genomic segments with open reading frames (ORF) which encode for ten proteins. The ... Once fusion is complete, the viral genome, accessory proteins, and RNA dependent RNA polymerase are released into the host cell ... like surface glycoproteins and a helical nucleocapsid, as other spherical orthomyxoviruses. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia_tilapinevirus

Thus, inducing the release of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm of the host cell. The nucleocapsids in turn aid in initiating ... While five structural proteins ( sPs; Capsid, E1, E2, E3, and 6K) are encoded on the one third part of the genome ( 3' portion ... The red fluorescent protein was promptly observed in mosquito cells and unseen in vertebrate cells. The Eilat virus is unable ... Researchers discovered that the structural proteins of the EILV can be replaced by those of (pathogenic to mammals) related ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat_virus

The matrix protein (M) constitutes a layer between the virion envelope and the nucleocapsid core of the rhabdovirus. In ... P protein acts as a non-catalytic cofactor of large protein polymerase. It is binding to N and L protein. P protein has two ... Trimers of P protein are formed after phosphorylation by kinase activity of L protein. The G protein is glycosylated in the ... ﬁve proteins in their genomes. In addition to these proteins, many rhabdoviruses encode one or more proteins. The first four ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabdoviridae

The genome encodes for the typical five proteins found in all rhabdoviruses: nucleocapsid (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix (M), ... glycoprotein (G), and polymerase (L). However, there are three additional genes, U1-U3, that encode for proteins of unknown ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibrovirus

"Recombinant nucleocapsid protein based single serum dilution ELISA for the detection of antibodies to infectious bronchitis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunil_Pradhan

Associated with the nucleocapsid are copies of P (phosphoprotein) and L (large) protein. The L protein is well named, its gene ... Two other viral proteins, the phosphoprotein and the large protein (L-protein or polymerase) are associated with the RNP. The ... also interact with the L protein and this is necessary for initiation. The interactions between the L protein and the M protein ... The M (matrix) protein forms a layer between the nucleocapsid and the envelope, and trimers of G (glycoprotein) form spikes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies_virus

... consists of an outer lipid envelope and an icosahedral nucleocapsid core composed of protein. The nucleocapsid encloses the ... HBcAg (Hepatitis B core antigen) is the main structural protein of HBV icosahedral nucleocapsid and it has function in ... Several thousand protein-coding genes appear to have HBx-binding sites. In addition to protein coding genes, about 15 microRNAs ... There are four known genes encoded by the genome called C, P, S, and X. The core protein is coded for by gene C (HBcAg), and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_virus

... of two overlapping genes fully contained within the open reading frame of the N gene encoding coronavirus nucleocapsid protein ... The SARS-CoV protein forms self-interactions suggesting protein dimer or higher-order oligomer formation. ORF9c has about 74% ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Protein pages needing a picture, Coronavirus proteins). ... "Analysis of Intraviral Protein-Protein Interactions of the SARS Coronavirus ORFeome". PLOS ONE. 2 (5): e459. Bibcode:2007PLoSO ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORF9c

The S segment consists of 1953 bases, of which 1287 (starting at position 43) code for the nucleocapsid protein. In addition, a ... based on S and M segment protein sequences". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 9 (5): 813-820. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2009.04. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playa_de_Oro_virus

... and for developing NMR-based methods to study rare conformational states in protein-nucleic acid and protein-protein ... Deshmukh, L., Tugarinov,V., Appella, D.H., Clore, G.M. (2018). "Targeting a dark excited state of HIV-1 nucleocapsid by anti- ... "Accurate and rapid docking of protein-protein complexes on the basis of intermolecular nuclear Overhauser enhancement data and ... visualization and characterization of encounter complexes in protein-protein association; the analysis of the synergistic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._Marius_Clore

Crystal structure of oligomerization domain of SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. ... Coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins are basic proteins that encapsulate viral genomic RNA to form part of the virus structure. ... Coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins are basic proteins that encapsulate viral genomic RNA to form part of the virus structure. ... The nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV is highly antigenic and associated with several host-cell interactions. Our previous ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2CJR

Highly specific and rigorously validated in-house, SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody (CST #33336) is ready to ship. ... Polyclonal Antibody for studying Nucleocapsid Protein SARS-CoV-2. Cited in 2 publications. Validated for Western Blotting. ... SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of total SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein.. Species ... A549-N protein) (lane 1) or HA-tagged SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein (A549-E protein) (lane 2), using SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid ...

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Nucleocapsid Protein as Early Diagnostic Marker for SARS. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2004;10(11):1947-1949. doi:10.3201/ ... Che, X., Hao, W., Wang, Y., Di, B., Yin, K., Xu, Y....Woo, P. (2004). Nucleocapsid Protein as Early Diagnostic Marker for SARS ... The N protein could be detected as early as day 1 and until day 18. In the 146 serum samples positive for N protein, the ... Serum N protein was never detected beyond day 21. Using the same panel of the patient serum samples, we measured the N protein- ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/11/04-0516_article

SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein. Cat# abx160073. Supplier: abbexa. Research Use Only! ... SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein , abx160073 abbexa SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein , abx160073. (No reviews yet) Write a Review ... The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (also known as Nucleocapsid Protein or N Protein) is a protein that binds to the RNA in the viral ... Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) is a recombinant protein ...

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Find and compare multiple sources of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein antibody using the Linscotts Directory search engine ... The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (also known as Nucleocapsid Protein or N Protein) is a protein that binds to the RNA in the viral ... Search, find, compare suppliers for anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein antibody, protein, ELISA kits. ... Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody is a chimaeric recombinant ...

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S18-21 Gene regulatory function and cellular partners of SARS-associated coronavirus nucleocapsid protein DY Jin1, BJ Zheng2, ... N protein did not modulate the expression of FGL2 mRNA or protein in transfected or SARS-CoV-infected cells.. 2. SARS-CoV N and ... 1. SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid (N) protein expressed in cultured human cells was predominantly found in the ... Gene regulatory function and cellular partners of SARS-associated coronavirus nucleocapsid protein ...

https://www.hkmj.org/abstracts/v22%20Suppl%207n6/18.htm

A hybrid structure determination approach to investigate the druggability of the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 Padroni, ... Here, we establish a workflow to determine the RNA recognition and druggability of the nucleocapsid N-protein of SARS-CoV-2, a ... 2022), A hybrid structure determination approach to investigate the druggability of the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 , ... The Docking folder contains the output data obtained from Haddock for protein-RNA and protein-ligand docking. Please consult ...

https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.g4f4qrftb

EXPRESSION OF NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN OF CAPSICUM CHLOROSIS VIRUS IN A PROKARYOTIC SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATION IN VIRUS DETECTION ...

http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/index.php/jpp/article/view/3133/1805

... , Virology, October 1985, Elsevier, ... Correct sequence for the major nucleocapsid protein mRNA of respiratory syncytial virus. ... is currently not satisfactory because the commercially available eyedrops do not have the natural anti-inflammatory proteins of ...

https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1016%25252F0042-6822%252885%252990053-4/reader

SARS-COV-2 N protein composed of 419 aa, is a 45.6 kDa positively charged unstable hydrophobic protein. It has 91 and 49% ... At last, our analysis of SARS-COV-2 N protein predicted a total number of 12 phosphorylated sites and 9 potential protein ... The 12 phosphorylated sites and 9 potential protein kinase sites in SARS-COV-2 N protein may serve as promising targets for ... In the present study, we conducted an in depth analysis of the SARS-COV-2 nucleocapsid to identify potential targets that may ...

https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12866-021-02107-3/tables/2

Nucleocapsid antibody (SARS-CoV-2) was used at 1 µg/ml on recombinant Nucleocapsid Protein (Cat#21-1003). ... Western Blot analysis of Nucleocapsid antibody (SARS-CoV-2): Anti- ... Figure-1: Western Blot analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein: Anti- SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein (11-2004) was used at ... The nucleocapsid protein of nCoV/SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 also forms dimer in the cell by self-association with the help of ...

https://www.abeomics.com/polyclonal-antibody-to-sars-cov-2-nucleocapsid-protein-139489

Phosphorylation of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein. Sarah K. Wootton, Raymond R.R ... Phosphorylation of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein. Journal of virology. 2002 Oct; ... Phosphorylation of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein. / Wootton, Sarah K.; Rowland, ... Phosphorylation of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein. In: Journal of virology. 2002 ...

https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/phosphorylation-of-the-porcine-reproductive-and-respiratory-syndr

Rabbit anti‑Rabies Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody. Kit Insert : KS-9118 - Kornberg Rabbit anti‑Rabies Nucleocapsid Protein ... Home / Antibodies / Rabbit anti‑Rabies Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody. Rabbit anti‑Rabies Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody. ... Be the first to review "Rabbit anti‑Rabies Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody" Cancel reply. Your email address will not be ...

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Nucleocapsid Protein as Early Diagnostic Marker for SARS Xiao-Yan Che*. , Wei Hao*, Yadi Wang*, Biao Di†, Kai Yin*, Yin-Chao Xu ... Nucleocapsid Protein as Early Diagnostic Marker for SARS. ... The profile of N protein detection in blood and antibody ...

https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/11/04-0516-f2

... is intended for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies ... Home / All Products / Assay Kits / Immunology Assay Kits / COVID19N-REAAD Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative Nucleocapsid Protein IgG ... COVID19N-REAAD Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative Nucleocapsid Protein IgG ELISA Assay Kit. COVID19N-REAAD Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative ... COVID19N-REAAD™ Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein IgG ELISA (Coronavirus Disease 2019- REcombinant Antigen-Antibody D ...

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Elabscience sars-cov-2 nucleocapsid protein IgM ELISA kit can detect target of nucleocapsid protein IgM, which used for ... Protein Products. SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Proteins SARS-CoV-2 Variant Protein Peptides Recombinant Proteins Chromatographic ... the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein IgM in the samples will combine with the pre-coated SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein antigen ... SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Proteins. SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies. SARS-CoV-2 Variant Protein. SARS-CoV-2 Peptides. Proteinase K ...

https://www.elabscience.com/p-sars_cov_2_nucleocapsid_protein_igm_elisa_kit-376130.html

SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein is associated with nucleic acid. It is the most abundant protein for coronavirus. Because of ... SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S1). $2,700.00. $2,650.00. Add to cart. * Sale! Anti-Covid-19 Spike Protein Antibody. $1,200.00. $ ... the strong immunogenicity of coronavirus Nucleocapsid, it is believed that SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein has potential value ... Synonyms：Coronavirus NP, coronavirus Nucleocapsid, coronavirus Nucleoprotein, Novel coronavirus Nucleoprotein, 2019-nCoV N ...

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8H4) to mumps virus nucleocapsid protein. * Description Product Description. Mouse monoclonal antibody (cl. 8H4) to mumps virus ... nucleocapsid protein. Description: Mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 8H4) to mumps virus nucleoprotein. Primary antibody, ...

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SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) Polyclonal Antibody. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) Polyclonal ... Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) Polyclonal Antibody. Purified rabbit polyclonal antibody (IgG) recognising the Nucleocapsid Protein ( ... Lane 3: SARS-CoV-2 N protein at 5ng. Lane 4: SARS-CoV-2 N protein at 2ng Lane 5: SARS-CoV-2 N protein at 1ng. Lane 6: SARS-CoV- ... Specificity: 2019-nCoV CoV Nucleocapsid. Clonality: Polyclonal. Isotype: IgG. Purification: Purified by Protein A. ...

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Abbreviations: del = deletion; E = envelope protein; N = nucleocapsid protein; ORF = open reading frame; S = spike protein. ... This variant has 13 other B.1.1.7 lineage-defining mutations (Table), several of which are in the S protein, including a ... Characteristic mutations (protein: mutation). No. of current sequence-confirmed cases. No. of countries with sequences. ... Early in the pandemic, variants of SARS-CoV-2 containing the D614G mutation in the spike (S) protein that increases receptor ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7003e2.htm?s_cid=mm7003e2_e

SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein, His Tag (BA.3*(S33V)/Omicron) ... Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most abundant protein found in ... VEGF proteins IGF family proteins New IFN family proteins New CD39/CD73 proteins B7 families TNFSF proteins PD1 proteins TIGIT ... Recombinant proteins. GMP Grade CytokinesNew Fc receptor proteins FcRn Proteins IgG Fc Proteins (Isotype Control) CGT ... Anti-DNP AntibodiesHot IgG Fc ProteinsHot Serum AlbuminHot Hot targets. CD19 BCMA CD3 proteins IL-2 and IL-2 receptor proteins ...

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N-protein) with N-terminal HIS tag and site-specific Biotinylation on the C-terminal AVIplus tag ... Purified Biotinylated recombinant SARS coronavirus 2 Nucleocapsid Protein (N-protein) with N-terminal HIS tag and site-specific ... Purified Biotinylated recombinant SARS coronavirus 2 Nucleocapsid Protein (N-protein) with N-terminal HIS tag and site-specific ... The biotin to protein ratio is 0.5-1 as determined by the HABA assay.. ...

https://www.origene.com.cn/catalog/proteins/recombinant-proteins/tp750180-b/biotinylated-recombinant-sars-coronavirus-2-nucleocapsid-protein-n-protein

Nucleocapsid Protein. Synthesized in e. coli. Protein Tag: His-SUMO. Purity: Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE. From $ ... enQuire Bio » Products » Recombinant Protein » Recombinant Influenza A H1N1 (Fort Warren / 1 / 1950) Nucleocapsid Protein ... enQuire Bio » Products » Recombinant Protein » Recombinant Influenza A H1N1 (Fort Warren / 1 / 1950) Nucleocapsid Protein ... Recombinant Influenza A H1N1 (Fort Warren / 1 / 1950) Nucleocapsid Protein. ...

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Percentage wt, of Virion Protein. Lipid. Carbohydrate. Virion Polypeptides: Number. 4 Details. Nucleocapsid protein: 50,000 MW ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/VirusDetails.aspx?ID=433&SID=4

A) Nucleocapsid protein conjugate; B) spike receptorbinding domain conjugate. The positive control serum contains ... A) Nucleocapsid protein conjugate; B) spike receptorbinding domain conjugate. The positive control serum contains ... Total protein, g/dL. 6.7-8.3. 6.1. 4.9. 4.3. 5.1. 5.6. 5.8. 6.3. 6.7. 6.5. 6.3. 6.6. 6.9. 5.9. 6.5. ... C-reactive protein; ED; emergency department; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FDP, fibrin and fibrinogen-degradation ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/967634_2

Home / Products / Recombinant Protein / Recombinant Porine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Nucleocapsid Protein, ... This Recombinant Porine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Nucleocapsid Protein, PRRSV N is a recombinant protein ... This Recombinant Porine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Nucleocapsid Protein, PRRSV N is a recombinant protein ... The nucleocapsid (N) protein of PRRSV plays a crucial role in inhibiting host innate immunity during PRRSV infection. ...

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The dynamic changes of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in 226 serum samples were detected by ELISA. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32720214/

The nucleocapsid protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus comprises two RNA-binding domains and three regions that are intrinsically ... Our results show that the dimer of the full-length nucleocapsid protein exhibits large conformational fluctuations with its ... Conformational ensemble of the full-length SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein based on molecular simulations and SAXS data. ... We offer a detailed picture of the conformational ensemble of the nucleocapsid protein dimer under near-physiological ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-35696898

Dive into the research topics of Peptide domain involved in the interaction between membrane protein and nucleocapsid protein ... Peptide domain involved in the interaction between membrane protein and nucleocapsid protein of SARS-associated coronavirus. ...

https://experts.unthsc.edu/en/publications/peptide-domain-involved-in-the-interaction-between-membrane-prote/fingerprints/

Mouse Anti-Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV), Nucleocapsid Protein Monoclonal Antibody (CGYJ287) ... SpoT is a reported alias name for the human gene THEMIS, or thymocyte selection associated. The 641-amino acid protein is a ... Make-to-order / Customized Unknown protein from spot 2D-000JYC of 2D-PAGE Antibody ...

https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/110447/soids/640267/Antibodies/spoT

The profile of N protein detection in blood and antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) from onset of symptoms to the convalescent phase. (cdc.gov)
Western blot analysis of extracts from mock infected Vero-E6 cells (lane 1), SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero-E6 cells (lane 2), and isolated SARS-CoV-2 virions (lane 3), using SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody (upper) and GAPDH (D16H11) XP ® Rabbit mAb #5174 (lower). (cellsignal.com)
Western blot analysis of extracts from transgenic A549 cells stably expressing HA-tagged SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein (A549-N protein) (lane 1) or HA-tagged SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein (A549-E protein) (lane 2), using SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody (upper), HA-Tag (6E2) Mouse mAb #2367 (middle), and GAPDH (D16H11) XP ® Rabbit mAb #5174 (lower). (cellsignal.com)
Absence of signal in A549-E protein cell extracts confirms specificity of the antibody for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. (cellsignal.com)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody is a chimaeric recombinant antibody conjugated to HRP for the detection of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 NP. (linscottsdirectory.com)
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Nucleocapsid (Ser2-Ala419) with His-tag in N-terminal was used as the immunogen for this antibody. (abeomics.com)
Purified rabbit polyclonal antibody (IgG) recognising the Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). (bioservuk.com)
Lane 6: SARS-CoV-2 N protein at 0.5ng probed with SARS-CoV-2 N protein monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated at 1:1000 dilution and 4˚C overnight incubation. (bioservuk.com)
[ 7 ] Antibody analysis using an in-house colloidal gold qualitative immunoassay was positive for anti-spike protein receptor-binding antibodies and negative for antinucleocapsid antibodies (Figure 2). (medscape.com)
No. NUN-C52Hv ) at 1 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antibody, Chimeric mAb, Human IgG1 (Cat. (acrobiosystems.com)
use a fully in vitro , highly multiplexed approach to finely map antibody epitopes across the Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins of all human-infecting coronaviruses. (cell.com)
Lateral flow assay and ELISA techniques gave consistent results for IgG/IgM antibody measurements towards spike and nucleocapsid proteins, suggesting that both methods can be used to detect COVID-19 where access to molecular test kits is difficult. (who.int)
Both methods yield antibody in solution that is free of most other soluble proteins, lipids, etc. (bdbiosciences.com)
Stabilizer for long-term storage of proteins or antibodies at 2-8°C Antibody Stabilizer conserves the structure of proteins and antibodies preventing them from losing functionality due to storage. (medica-tradefair.com)

Serum samples from 317 patients with patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were tested for the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-associated coronavirus, with sensitivities of 94% and 78% for the first 5 days and 6-10 days after onset, respectively. (cdc.gov)
2CJR: Crystal structure of oligomerization domain of SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. (rcsb.org)
Coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins are basic proteins that encapsulate viral genomic RNA to form part of the virus structure. (rcsb.org)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) is a recombinant protein expressed in HEK293 cells. (proteomecommons.org)
Human Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) Spike Protein IgM ELISA Kit is an ELISA kit. (proteomecommons.org)
1. SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid (N) protein expressed in cultured human cells was predominantly found in the cytoplasm and was competent in repressing the transcriptional activity driven by interferon-stimulated response elements. (hkmj.org)
COVID19N-REAAD™ Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein IgG ELISA (Coronavirus Disease 2019- RE combinant A ntigen- A ntibody D etection) is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay intended for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in human serum and plasma. (eaglebio.com)
It is the most abundant protein for coronavirus. (elisakitgs.com)
Because of the strong immunogenicity of coronavirus Nucleocapsid, it is believed that SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein has potential value for the diagnosis of the virus. (elisakitgs.com)
Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most abundant protein found in coronavirus. (acrobiosystems.com)
It was first identified by a research team while they were screening for ADP-ribosylated proteins during coronavirus (CoV) infection (Grunewald M. E., et al. (acrobiosystems.com)
Because of the conservation of N protein sequence and its strong immunogenicity, N protein of coronavirus is chosen as a diagnostic tool. (acrobiosystems.com)
E), nucleocapsid protein (N), RNA-dependent RNA drome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus polymerase enzyme, and ORF1 gene) (4-6) either by disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was declared a pandemic nucleic acid amplification testing or detection of virus- on 11 March 2020, because of its rapid spread around the specific proteins by antigen testing (7,8) . (who.int)
The coronavirus genome encodes a spike protein, an envelope protein, a membrane protein, and a nucleoprotein. (creative-biolabs.com)
Among them, spike protein is the most important surface membrane protein of coronavirus. (creative-biolabs.com)

We have developed an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on monoclonal antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV ( 7 ), a predominant antigen produced in the infected cell-culture filtrate. (cdc.gov)
We attempt to demonstrate the temporal profile of the N protein and antibodies in serum samples from a large cohort of patients with SARS during the acute and convalescent phases of the disease. (cdc.gov)
Briefly, 100 μL of serum was added to the wells of a microtiter plate coated with a mixture of three anti-N protein monoclonal antibodies, and the plates were incubated at 37°C for 60 min. (cdc.gov)
COVID19N-REAAD™ detects IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and is used to determine if an individual has been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 with other testing methods. (eaglebio.com)
Eagle Biosciences has quickly become a leading provider of ELISA assay kits, HPLC assay kits, Molecular Biology assays, antibodies, and proteins. (eaglebio.com)
The dynamic changes of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in 226 serum samples were detected by ELISA. (nih.gov)
The S1 region of S protein contains the receptor binding domain (RBD) 8 , the target of many neutralizing antibodies 9 . (nature.com)
ELISA detected IgM nucleocapsid (N) antibodies in 18 samples, and IgG (N) and IgG spike 1 (S1) antibodies in 31 and 29 samples, respectively. (who.int)
Abcam: antibodies, proteins, kits. (abcam.com)
Antibodies are special Y-shaped proteins. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Antibodies against nucleocapsid proteins (N) were also measured using Maglumi 2019-nCoV IgG assay, which showed all negative results. (medscape.com)
It is apparent now that vaccination leads to the immune response being driven by antibodies to the spike protein, the very protein that is most variable between variants. (hartgroup.org)
UKHSA have pointed out that antibodies to the other viral proteins (e.g. nucleocapsid) are low in those who are infected after vaccination. (hartgroup.org)

This deposition contains the NMR data acquired to determine the structural features of RBDs- RNA recognition as well as selected relevant data regarding the characterization of promising molecular fragments to disrupt protein-RNA interaction. (datadryad.org)
The structural nucleocapsid (N) protein of nCoV/SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 is a predicted 46 kDa phosphoprotein having 419 amino acid residues. (abeomics.com)
The array of diverse functional activities accommodated in N protein makes it more than a structural protein but also an interesting target in the development of antiviral therapeutics. (acrobiosystems.com)
The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes four structural proteins: the envelope protein, the membrane protein, the nucleocapsid (N) protein and the membrane glycoprotein known as spike (S) 8 , 9 . (nature.com)
Protein phosphatase 2 holoenzymes are heterotrimeric proteins composed of a structural subunit A, a catalytic subunit C, and a regulatory subunit B. The regulatory subunit is encoded by a diverse set of genes that have been grouped into the B/PR55, B'/PR61, and B''/PR72 families. (nih.gov)
The organization of genes encoding ichnovirus structural proteins. (gc.ca)
During viral genome replication a set of "nested" subgenomic mRNAs are produced that are predicted to encode the structural proteins spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) and at least nine small accessory proteins, some of which are unique to SARS-CoV-2 [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The test uses the established T-SPOT Technology with an optimized antigen mix, based on SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins, spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N), and allows the maximum breadth of the immune response to be measured. (tspotcovid.com)

Us9 is a novel type II membrane protein expressed as a highly phosphorylated protein late in ADV infection. (vetres.org)

The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit is pre-coated with purified SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein ( E-ELC-001 ) antigen, after adding samples to wells, the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein IgM in the samples will combine with the pre-coated SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein antigen. (elabscience.com)
COVID-19 can be diagnosed by detection of RNA gene targets (e.g. spike protein (S), an envelope protein (E), nucleocapsid protein (N), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme, and ORF1 gene) (4-6) either by nucleic acid amplification testing or detection of virus-specific proteins by antigen testing (7,8). (who.int)
The Sofia 2 SARS Antigen Fluorescent Immunoassay (FIA) uses advanced immunofluorescence-based lateral flow technology in a sandwich design for qualitative detection of nucleocapsid protein from SARS-CoV-2. (who.int)

Two other monoclonal vaccines, a viral vector vaccine (Janssen) and an adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine (Novavax), were granted emergency use approval (EUA) in the United States. (medscape.com)

Instead, they use purified SARS-CoV-2 proteins. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Detection of an apparently viable deletion in the furin cleavage site of the S glycoprotein, a leading vaccine target, shows that this and other regions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins may readily mutate. (biomedcentral.com)

The nucleoprotein is the second most-common protein in SARS-CoV-2 targeted by the immune system, after the spike protein. (proteomecommons.org)
Cole breaks down the mechanisms by which the spike protein can cause the symptoms being reported, from brain fog to reactivated Epstein-Barr virus to changes in hormonal cycles. (theepochtimes.com)
The harm from covid derives mainly from pathology caused by the spike protein and the immune system's reaction to it. (hartgroup.org)
The spike protein acts directly on vessel lining cells causing the clotting issues that can lead to death, and also binds directly to T-cells, triggering the cytokine storm that can also kill. (hartgroup.org)
The latter part of the spike protein contains a genetic sequence identical to the region of the toxin from toxic shock syndrome that causes the same problem . (hartgroup.org)
The Omicron spike protein has several mutations in the area of this toxin-like part of the spike protein including ones that will alter the protein's shape. (hartgroup.org)
Longitudinal analysis of CD8+ T cells using DNA-barcoded peptide-MHC multimers covering the full SARS-CoV-2 Spike-protein (415 peptides) showed vaccine-specific T cell activation and persistence of memory T cells up to six months post-vaccination. (bvsalud.org)

Time course studies showed that phosphorylation occurred during, or shortly after, synthesis of the N protein and that the protein remained stably phosphorylated throughout the life cycle of the virus to the extent that phosphorylated N protein was found in the mature virion. (illinois.edu)
Soon after a virion infects a new cell, M1 dissociates from the RNP under acidification of the virion driven by M2 protein. (enquirebio.com)
The molecular mechanisms that enable the virus to invade and spread in the nervous systems of so many different animals are not known, but it is well known that the virion envelope proteins gE and gI are required in almost every case studied for efficient cell-to-cell spread both in non-neuronal and neuronal cells. (vetres.org)

This gene encodes one of the regulatory subunits of the protein phosphatase 2. (nih.gov)
The single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus of Buzura suppressaria encodes a P10 protein. (gc.ca)

N protein detection in 420 serum samples from 317 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). (cdc.gov)
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a cytoplasmic RNA virus with the unique or unusual feature of having a nucleocapsid (N) protein that is specifically transported to the nucleolus of virus-infected cells. (illinois.edu)
This Recombinant Porine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Nucleocapsid Protein, PRRSV N is a recombinant protein provided in E Coli, which can be used for immunoassays such as ELISA, lateral flow assays, etc. (foodtestkit.com)
Structures of respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid protein from two crystal forms: details of potential packing interactions in the native helical form. (ox.ac.uk)
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the human respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid protein. (ox.ac.uk)

The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (also known as Nucleocapsid Protein or N Protein) is a protein that binds to the RNA in the viral particle. (proteomecommons.org)

This is followed by endocytic uptake and then uncoating of the nucleocapsid and release of viral RNA into the cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
Conclusions: Differential localization to the cytoplasm or chromosome in mitotic cells suggests the highly dynamic nature of the C protein. (who.int)
Viruses use a number of advanced and fewer understood mechanisms and pathways to ship their cargo (nucleocapsid and accent proteins) to the cytoplasm and or nucleus. (achengula.com)

In this communication, we show that the N protein is a phosphoprotein. (illinois.edu)
CoV N protein is a highly immunogenic phosphoprotein important for viral genome replication and modulation of cell signaling pathways. (acrobiosystems.com)
Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), which is present in the virus in greater quantities than S protein. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Tandem mass spectrometry identified over 500 viral peptides and 44 phosphopeptides in virus-infected cells, covering almost all proteins predicted to be encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 genome, including peptides unique to the deleted variant of the S glycoprotein. (biomedcentral.com)
Like other flaviviruses, YFV contains a small glycoprotein-containing lipid envelope surrounding a nucleocapsid which encloses one viral RNA. (cusabio.com)

In this work, a phage-displayed library of alphaRep was screened on a region of HIV-1 Gag polyprotein encompassing the C-terminal domain of the capsid, the SP1 linker and the nucleocapsid. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

Tissue culture supernatant is purified by either protein A/G or affinity purification methods. (bdbiosciences.com)

Later in the infection, nucleus export of RNP are mediated through viral proteins NEP interacting with M1 which binds nucleoproteins. (enquirebio.com)

COVID-19 patients showed strong T cell responses, with up to 25% of all CD8+ lymphocytes specific to SARS-CoV-2-derived immunodominant epitopes, derived from ORF1 (open reading frame 1), ORF3, and Nucleocapsid (N) protein. (bvsalud.org)

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of PRRSV plays a crucial role in inhibiting host innate immunity during PRRSV infection. (foodtestkit.com)

The modifications from early endosomes to late matured endosomes includes development of dimension because of acquired cargo on transit and newly synthesized elements and alter in pH, lipid and protein composition. (achengula.com)

Figure-1: Western Blot analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein: Anti- SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein (11-2004) was used at 2 µg/ml on (1) SARS-CoV-2 virus infected Vero Cell lysate and (2) Mock infected lysate. (abeomics.com)

Researchers designed a COVID-19 vaccine construct using hybrid SARS-CoV-2 S protein (containing SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant mutations) and N protein peptides that confer T lymphocyte-mediated immune protection. (scoop.it)

Here, we establish a workflow to determine the RNA recognition and druggability of the nucleocapsid N-protein of SARS-CoV-2, a highly abundant protein crucial for the viral life cycle. (datadryad.org)

and nonstructural protein, NS). (cdc.gov)

The detection rate of N protein decreased to 27% on days 11-20 after onset of symptoms. (cdc.gov)

N protein did not modulate the expression of FGL2 mRNA or protein in transfected or SARS-CoV-infected cells. (hkmj.org)

SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein is associated with nucleic acid. (elisakitgs.com)
The nucleocapsid, which consists of a protein shell, or capsid, and contains the viral nucleic acids, has helical symmetry. (getty.edu)

By fusing the jellyfish enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter molecule (EGFP) to the carboxy-terminus of Us9, we demonstrated that Us9 not only is capable of targeting a Us9-EGFP fusion protein to the Golgi compartment, it also is able to direct efficient incorporation of such chimeric molecules into infectious viral particles. (vetres.org)

Putative protein sequences were submitted to GenBank and assigned accession numbers AY316119 (VP19), AY324881 (VP28), AY374120 (VP15) and AY325896 (VP35). (int-res.com)

The NS proteins form a replication complex that synthesizes positive-sense RNA from negative-sense RNA. (medscape.com)

Through internalization assays with an EGFP epitope-tagged Us9 protein, we demonstrate that the maintenance of Us9 to the TGN region is a dynamic process involving retrieval of molecules from the cell surface. (vetres.org)

From one isolate, we cloned and sequenced WSSV genomic DNA coding for VP19 and VP28 envelope proteins and VP15 and VP35 nucleocapsid proteins. (int-res.com)

This ELISA kit uses Indirect-ELISA as the method to qualitatively detect the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein IgM in the sample. (elabscience.com)

Conformational ensemble of the full-length SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein based on molecular simulations and SAXS data. (bvsalud.org)
Our results show that the dimer of the full-length nucleocapsid protein exhibits large conformational fluctuations with its radius of gyration ranging from about 4 to 8 nm. (bvsalud.org)
We offer a detailed picture of the conformational ensemble of the nucleocapsid protein dimer under near-physiological conditions, which will be important for understanding the nucleocapsid assembly process. (bvsalud.org)

The orthomyxovirus genome contains eight segments of single-stranded negative-sense RNA (ribonucleic acid), and an endogenous RNA polymerase is present for the transcription of the negative-sense strand into a positive-sense strand to enable protein synthesis. (getty.edu)

The endocytic pathway is the most typical amongst enveloped and non-enveloped viruses for entry and launch of their nucleocapsid and accent proteins into the cytosol. (achengula.com)

The polyproteins are post-translationally processed by viral encoded proteases to produce 16 proteins that are conserved between coronaviruses and proposed to function in the synthesis of viral RNA and immune evasion [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Two-dimensional electrophoresis and acid-urea gel electrophoresis showed that one species of the N protein is predominant in virus-infected cells, suggesting that multiple phosphorylated isoforms of N do not exist. (illinois.edu)

The nucleocapsid protein is believed to be immunogenic. (medscape.com)

SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein, His Tag (BA.3*(S33V)/Omicron) (NUN-C52Hv) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). (acrobiosystems.com)
SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein, His Tag (BA.3*(S33V)/Omicron) on SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) condition. (acrobiosystems.com)
Immobilized SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein, His Tag (BA.3*(S33V)/Omicron) (Cat. (acrobiosystems.com)

Residues 248-280 form a positively charged groove similar to that found in the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) nucleocapsid protein. (rcsb.org)

The results for the 420 serum specimens tested by the N protein-capture ELISA are shown in Figure 1 . (cdc.gov)

Zika virus is able to evade the immune response with the help of NS proteins inhibiting the signaling pathway responsible for activation of IFN and ISG. (medscape.com)

The B''/PR72 subunit mediates Ca2+-dependent dephosphorylation of DARPP-32 by protein phosphatase 2A. (nih.gov)

2. SARS-CoV N and M proteins inhibit gene transcription of type I interferons through different mechanisms. (hkmj.org)

A DNA sequence encoding the Influenza A virus (strain A/Fort Warren/1/1950 H1N1) Influenza A H1N1 (strain A/Fort Warren/1/1950) Nucleocapsid, was expressed in the hosts and tags indicated. (enquirebio.com)

These variants carry a constellation of genetic mutations, including in the S protein receptor-binding domain, which is essential for binding to the host cell angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor to facilitate virus entry. (cdc.gov)
We developed an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) methods for measuring IgG, IgA, and IgM responses to SARS-CoV-2, Spike (S), receptor binding domain (RBD), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. (nature.com)

Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a precancerous condition that is characterized by lower concentrations of myeloma proteins and the absence of symptoms. (medscape.com)

A new generation of artificial proteins, derived from alpha-helicoidal HEAT-like repeat protein scaffolds (alphaRep), was previously characterized as an effective source of intracellular interfering proteins. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
2015). This endosomal luminal low pH is vital for intracellular membrane site visitors, cytosolic pH upkeep, protein degradation and receptor-mediated endocytosis (Cotter et al. (achengula.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms76

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs47

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes40

Information Science4

Crystal structures of two H-2Db/glycopeptide complexes suggest a molecular basis for CTL cross-reactivity. (1/841)

Interferon-induced human MxA GTPase blocks nuclear import of Thogoto virus nucleocapsids. (2/841)

DNA vaccination with hantavirus M segment elicits neutralizing antibodies and protects against seoul virus infection. (3/841)

The effect of template RNA structure on elongation by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. (4/841)

The nucleocapsid protein of murine hepatitis virus type 3 induces transcription of the novel fgl2 prothrombinase gene. (5/841)

Comparative analysis of evolutionary mechanisms of the hemagglutinin and three internal protein genes of influenza B virus: multiple cocirculating lineages and frequent reassortment of the NP, M, and NS genes. (6/841)

Production, characterization, and uses of monoclonal antibodies against recombinant nucleoprotein of elk coronavirus. (7/841)

Recognition of an MHC class I-restricted antigenic peptide can be modulated by para-substitution of its buried tyrosine residues in a TCR-specific manner. (8/841)

Nucleocapsid Proteins

Nucleocapsid

Viral Core Proteins

Capsid

gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Hantavirus

Hantaan virus

RNA, Viral

Hantavirus Infections

Gene Products, gag

SARS Virus

Viral Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Zinc Fingers

Capsid Proteins

Virus Assembly

Bunyamwera virus

Murine hepatitis virus

Amino Acid Sequence

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

Genome, Viral

Reverse Transcription

Coronavirus OC43, Human

Measles virus

Virus Replication

Base Sequence

HIV-1

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Virion

Infectious bronchitis virus

RNA, Transfer, Lys

Antibodies, Viral

Vero Cells

Cell Line

Arterivirus

Bunyaviridae

DNA, Viral

Rinderpest virus

Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus

Cercopithecus aethiops

Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human

Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus

Puumala virus

Antigens, Viral

Nucleoproteins

Viral Structural Proteins

Tospovirus

Coronavirus Infections

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Recombinant Proteins

Orthobunyavirus

Phlebovirus

Rhabdoviridae

Marburgvirus

RNA, Transfer, Pro

Coronaviridae

Arenaviridae

Coronavirus, Bovine

Morbillivirus

Paramyxoviridae

Sindbis Virus

Bunyaviridae Infections

Viral Envelope Proteins

Coronavirus 229E, Human

Sin Nombre virus

Protein Binding

Respirovirus

Viral Matrix Proteins

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Genes, Viral

Coronavirus

Rinderpest

Epitope Mapping

Sigmodontinae

Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Genes, gag

Binding Sites

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Vesiculovirus

Encephalitis Virus, California