Americas
Latin America
Geography
Fossils
Phylogeography
Asia
Canada
Animal Migration
Dinosaurs
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Ecosystem
Climate
Radiometric Dating
Population Dynamics
DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
Molecular Sequence Data
Trees
Caribbean Region
Biological Evolution
Ecology
Introduced Species
Species Specificity
Siberia
Africa, Northern
West Nile Fever
DNA, Mitochondrial
West Nile virus
Northwestern United States
Oceania
Biodiversity
Seasons
Genotype
Bird Diseases
Animal Distribution
Arctic Regions
Geology
Evolution, Molecular
Haplotypes
Indians, North American
Minor Planets
Disease Reservoirs
Zoonoses
Demography
Peromyscus
Disease Outbreaks
Microsatellite Repeats
Climate Change
Internationality
Indians, Central American
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Conservation of Natural Resources
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Communicable Diseases, Emerging
Prevalence
Agriculture
Animals, Wild
Ascomycota
Base Sequence
Quercus
Deer
Emigration and Immigration
Dentition
Genetic Speciation
Australia
Canidae
Meteoroids
Asclepias
Beetles
Falconiformes
Cluster Analysis
Risk Factors
Southwestern United States
Basidiomycota
Geological Phenomena
Centaurea
Incidence
Pan American Health Organization
Borrelia
Far East
Insect Vectors
Genetics, Population
Pinus
New Brunswick
Food Parasitology
Exhibits as Topic
Carnivora
Time
Indians, South American
Biography as Topic
Oncorhynchus
International Cooperation
Oplopanax
British Columbia
Australasia
Swallows
Bayes Theorem
Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine
Fish Diseases
Lichens
Pathology, Veterinary
Culex
Skeleton
Encephalomyelitis, Eastern Equine
Coyotes
Relapsing Fever
Hantavirus
Adiantum
Chiroptera
Oligohymenophorea
Ticks
Raccoons
Ruminants
Alberta
Culicidae
Environmental Monitoring
Lyme Disease
Greenhouse Effect
Population Surveillance
Poaceae
Bison
Bromus
Insect Control
Newfoundland and Labrador
Asteraceae
El Nino-Southern Oscillation
Agaricales
Disease Vectors
Gene Flow
Cortinarius
Crows
Environment
Animals, Domestic
Fisheries
Founder Effect
A common MSH2 mutation in English and North American HNPCC families: origin, phenotypic expression, and sex specific differences in colorectal cancer. (1/1743)
The frequency, origin, and phenotypic expression of a germline MSH2 gene mutation previously identified in seven kindreds with hereditary non-polyposis cancer syndrome (HNPCC) was investigated. The mutation (A-->T at nt943+3) disrupts the 3' splice site of exon 5 leading to the deletion of this exon from MSH2 mRNA and represents the only frequent MSH2 mutation so far reported. Although this mutation was initially detected in four of 33 colorectal cancer families analysed from eastern England, more extensive analysis has reduced the frequency to four of 52 (8%) English HNPCC kindreds analysed. In contrast, the MSH2 mutation was identified in 10 of 20 (50%) separately identified colorectal families from Newfoundland. To investigate the origin of this mutation in colorectal cancer families from England (n=4), Newfoundland (n=10), and the United States (n=3), haplotype analysis using microsatellite markers linked to MSH2 was performed. Within the English and US families there was little evidence for a recent common origin of the MSH2 splice site mutation in most families. In contrast, a common haplotype was identified at the two flanking markers (CA5 and D2S288) in eight of the Newfoundland families. These findings suggested a founder effect within Newfoundland similar to that reported by others for two MLH1 mutations in Finnish HNPCC families. We calculated age related risks of all, colorectal, endometrial, and ovarian cancers in nt943+3 A-->T MSH2 mutation carriers (n=76) for all patients and for men and women separately. For both sexes combined, the penetrances at age 60 years for all cancers and for colorectal cancer were 0.86 and 0.57, respectively. The risk of colorectal cancer was significantly higher (p<0.01) in males than females (0.63 v 0.30 and 0.84 v 0.44 at ages 50 and 60 years, respectively). For females there was a high risk of endometrial cancer (0.5 at age 60 years) and premenopausal ovarian cancer (0.2 at 50 years). These intersex differences in colorectal cancer risks have implications for screening programmes and for attempts to identify colorectal cancer susceptibility modifiers. (+info)North American and European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses differ in non-structural protein coding regions. (2/1743)
Although North American and European serotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are recognized, only the genome of the European Lelystad strain (LV) has been sequenced completely. Here, the genome of the pathogenic North American PRRSV isolate 16244B has been sequenced and compared with LV. The genomic organization of 16244B was the same as LV but with only 63.4% nucleotide identity. The 189 nucleotide 5' non-coding region (NCR) of 16244B was distinct from the LV NCR, with good conservation (83%) only over a 43 base region immediately upstream of open reading frame (ORF) 1a. Major differences were found in the region encoding the non-structural part of the ORF1a polyprotein, which shared only 47% amino acid identity over 2503 residues of the six non-structural proteins (Nsps) encoded. Nsp2, thought to have a species-specific function, showed the greatest divergence, sharing only 32% amino acid identity with LV and containing 120 additional amino acids in the central region. Nsps encoded by the 5'-proximal and central regions of ORF1b had from 66 to 75% amino acid identity; however, the carboxy-terminal protein CP4 was distinct (42% identity). The ORF 1a-1b frameshift region of 16244B had 98% nucleotide identity with LV. Consistent with previous reports for North American isolates, the six structural proteins encoded were 58 to 79% identical to LV proteins. The 3' NCR (150 nucleotides) was 76% identical between isolates. These genomic differences confirm the presence of distinct North American and European PRRSV genotypes. (+info)Comparison of European and North American malignant hyperthermia diagnostic protocol outcomes for use in genetic studies. (3/1743)
BACKGROUND: Halothane and caffeine diagnostic protocols and an experimental ryanodine test from the North American Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) Group (NAMHG) and the European MH Group (EMHG) have not been compared in the same persons until now. METHODS: The outcomes of the NAMHG and EMHG halothane and caffeine contracture tests were compared in 84 persons referred for diagnostic testing. In addition, the authors assessed the experimental ryanodine protocol in 50 of these persons. RESULTS: Although the NAMHG and EMHG halothane protocols are slightly different methodologically, each yielded outcomes in close (84-100%) agreement with diagnoses made by the other protocol. Excluding 23 persons judged to be equivocal (marginally positive responders) by the EMHG protocol resulted in fewer persons classified as normal and MH susceptible (42 and 19, respectively) than those classified by the NAMHG protocol (48 and 34, respectively). For the 61 persons not excluded as equivocal, the diagnoses were identical by both protocols, with the exception of one person who was diagnosed as MH susceptible by the NAMHG protocol and as "normal" by the EMHG protocol. The NAMHG protocol produced only two equivocal diagnoses. Therefore, a normal or MH diagnosis by the NAMHG protocol was frequently associated with an equivocal diagnosis by the EMHG protocol. The time to 0.2-g contracture after the addition of 1 microM ryanodine completely separated populations, which was in agreement with the EMHG protocol and, except for one person, with the NAMHG protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the NAMHG and EMHG protocols and the experimental ryanodine test yielded similar diagnoses. The EMHG protocol reduced the number of marginal responders in the final analysis, which may make the remaining diagnoses slightly more accurate for use in genetic studies. (+info)Genetic diversity and distribution of Peromyscus-borne hantaviruses in North America. (4/1743)
The 1993 outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the southwestern United States was associated with Sin Nombre virus, a rodent-borne hantavirus; The virus' primary reservoir is the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). Hantavirus-infected rodents were identified in various regions of North America. An extensive nucleotide sequence database of an 139 bp fragment amplified from virus M genomic segments was generated. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that SNV-like hantaviruses are widely distributed in Peromyscus species rodents throughout North America. Classic SNV is the major cause of HPS in North America, but other Peromyscine-borne hantaviruses, e.g., New York and Monongahela viruses, are also associated with HPS cases. Although genetically diverse, SNV-like viruses have slowly coevolved with their rodent hosts. We show that the genetic relationships of hantaviruses in the Americas are complex, most likely as a result of the rapid radiation and speciation of New World sigmodontine rodents and occasional virus-host switching events. (+info)Genetic diversity of equine arteritis virus. (5/1743)
Equine arteritis viruses (EAV) from Europe and America were compared by phylogenetic analysis of 43 isolates obtained over four decades. An additional 22 virus sequences were retrieved from GenBank. Fragments of the glycoprotein G(L) and the replicase genes were amplified by RT-PCR, prior to sequencing and construction of phylogenetic trees. The trees revealed many distinctive lineages, consistent with prolonged diversification within geographically separated host populations. Two large groups and five subgroups were distinguished. Group I consisted mainly of viruses from North America, whilst group II consisted mainly of European isolates. In most instances, where the geographic origin of the viruses appeared to be at variance with the phylogenetically predicted relationships, the horses from which the viruses were recovered had been transported between Europe and America or vice versa. Analysis of the replicase gene revealed similar phylogenetic relationships although not all of the groups were as clearly defined. Virus strains CH1 (Switzerland, 1964) and S1 (Sweden, 1989) represented separate 'outgroups' based on analysis of both genomic regions. The results of this study confirm the value of the G(L) gene of EAV for estimating virus genetic diversity and as a useful tool for tracing routes by which EAV is spread. In addition, computer-assisted predictions of antigenic sites on the G(L) protein revealed considerable variability among the isolates, especially with respect to regions associated with neutralization domains. (+info)Containing health costs in the Americas. (6/1743)
In recent years, a series of policy measures affecting both demand and supply components of health care have been adopted in different Latin American and Caribbean countries, as well as in Canada and the United States. In applying these measures various objectives have been pursued, among them: to mobilize additional resources to increase operating budgets; to reduce unnecessary utilization of health services and consumption of pharmaceuticals; to control increasing production costs; and to contain the escalation of health care expenditures. In terms of demand management, some countries have established cost-recovery programmes in an attempt to offset declining revenues. These measures have the potential to generate additional operating income in public facilities, particularly if charges are levied on hospital care. However, only scant information is available on the effects of user charges on demand, utilization, or unit costs. In terms of supply management, corrective measures have concentrated on limiting the quantity and the relative prices of different inputs and outputs. Hiring freezes, salary caps, limitations on new construction and equipment, use of drug lists, bulk procurement of medicines and vaccines, and budget ceilings are among the measures utilized to control production costs in the health sector. To moderate health care expenditures, various approaches have been followed to subject providers to 'financial discipline'. Among them, new reimbursement modalities such as prospective payment systems offer an array of incentives to modify medical practice. Cost-containment efforts have also spawned innovations in the organization and delivery of health services. Group plans have been established on the basis of prepaid premiums to provide directly much or all health care needs of affiliates and their families. The issue of intrasectorial co-ordination, particularly between ministries of health and social security institutions, has much relevance for cost containment. In various countries, large-scale reorganization processes have been undertaken to eliminate costly duplications of resources, personnel, and services that resulted from the multiplicity of providers in the public subsector. Given the pluralistic character of the region's health systems, an important challenge for policy-makers is to find ways to redefine the role of state intervention in health from the simple provision of services to one that involves the 'management' of health care in the entire sector. (+info)The prevalence of low back pain in adults: a methodological review of the literature. (7/1743)
The prevalence of low back pain (LBP) has been reported in the literature for different populations. Methodological differences among studies and lack of methodological rigor have made it difficult to draw conclusions from these studies. A systematic review was done for adult community prevalence studies of LBP published from 1981 to 1998. The technique of capture-recapture was performed to estimate the completeness of the search strategy used. Established guidelines and a methodological scoring system were used to critically appraise the studies. Thirteen studies were deemed methodologically acceptable. Differences in the duration of LBP used in the studies appeared to affect the prevalence rates reported and explain much of the variation seen. It was estimated that the point prevalence rate in North America is 5.6%. Further studies using superior methods are needed, however, before this estimate can be used with confidence to make health care policies and decisions relating to physical therapy. (+info)Lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer in teachers. (8/1743)
A recent study found high rates of leukemia and related disorders among teachers. This finding may be related to exposure to childhood infections. Therefore, epidemiologic studies on the risk of lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer among teachers were systematically reviewed. Altogether 26 relevant investigations were identified, most from ad hoc publications rather than from scientific journals. Elevated risks of leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma were found in studies using proportional mortality or mortality odds ratios as outcome measures. However, these observations may reflect low overall mortality and do not necessarily indicate high death rates from the cancers of interest. In studies deriving standardized mortality or incidence ratios, the risk estimates were generally lower. The most striking finding was for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (approximate summary relative risk 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.62), but it was likely to have been exaggerated by publication bias. In conclusion, no compelling epidemiologic evidence exists for a hazard of leukemia or related diseases among teachers. (+info)The symptoms of West Nile Fever typically develop within 3-14 days after the bite of an infected mosquito and can range from mild to severe. Mild symptoms may include fever, headache, muscle weakness, and joint pain. Severe symptoms can include high fever, stiff neck, confusion, loss of consciousness, and in rare cases, death.
There is no specific treatment for West Nile Fever, but supportive care such as rest, hydration, and pain relief medications may be provided to help manage the symptoms. The prognosis for most people with West Nile Fever is generally good, but it can be more severe in older adults and those with underlying health conditions.
Prevention of West Nile Fever involves protecting oneself against mosquito bites by using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and staying indoors during peak mosquito activity. Eliminating standing water around homes and communities can also help reduce the risk of mosquito breeding and transmission of the virus.
In conclusion, West Nile Fever is a viral disease that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, and can cause mild to severe symptoms. Prevention involves protecting oneself against mosquito bites and eliminating standing water to reduce the risk of mosquito breeding and transmission of the virus.
Examples of Bird Diseases:
1. Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): A viral disease that affects birds and can be transmitted to humans, causing respiratory illness and other symptoms.
2. Psittacosis (Parrot Fever): A bacterial infection caused by Chlamydophila psittaci, which can infect a wide range of bird species and can be transmitted to humans.
3. Aspergillosis: A fungal infection that affects birds, particularly parrots and other Psittacines, causing respiratory problems and other symptoms.
4. Beak and Feather Disease: A viral disease that affects birds, particularly parrots and other Psittacines, causing feather loss and beak deformities.
5. West Nile Virus: A viral disease that can affect birds, as well as humans and other animals, causing a range of symptoms including fever, headache, and muscle weakness.
6. Chlamydophila psittaci: A bacterial infection that can infect birds, particularly parrots and other Psittacines, causing respiratory problems and other symptoms.
7. Mycobacteriosis: A bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium avium, which can affect a wide range of bird species, including parrots and other Psittacines.
8. Pacheco's Disease: A viral disease that affects birds, particularly parrots and other Psittacines, causing respiratory problems and other symptoms.
9. Polyomavirus: A viral disease that can affect birds, particularly parrots and other Psittacines, causing a range of symptoms including respiratory problems and feather loss.
10. Retinoblastoma: A type of cancer that affects the eyes of birds, particularly parrots and other Psittacines.
It's important to note that many of these diseases can be prevented or treated with proper care and management, including providing a clean and spacious environment, offering a balanced diet, and ensuring access to fresh water and appropriate medical care.
Zoonoses (zoonosis) refers to infectious diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. These diseases are caused by a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, and can be spread through contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products.
Examples of Zoonoses
Some common examples of zoonoses include:
1. Rabies: a viral infection that can be transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected animal, typically dogs, bats, or raccoons.
2. Lyme disease: a bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, which is spread to humans through the bite of an infected blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis).
3. Toxoplasmosis: a parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can be transmitted to humans through contact with contaminated cat feces or undercooked meat.
4. Leptospirosis: a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira interrogans, which is spread to humans through contact with contaminated water or soil.
5. Avian influenza (bird flu): a viral infection that can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected birds or contaminated surfaces.
Transmission of Zoonoses
Zoonoses can be transmitted to humans in a variety of ways, including:
1. Direct contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products.
2. Contact with contaminated soil, water, or other environmental sources.
3. Through vectors such as ticks, mosquitoes, and fleas.
4. By consuming contaminated food or water.
5. Through close contact with an infected person or animal.
Prevention of Zoonoses
Preventing the transmission of zoonoses requires a combination of personal protective measures, good hygiene practices, and careful handling of animals and animal products. Some strategies for preventing zoonoses include:
1. Washing hands frequently, especially after contact with animals or their waste.
2. Avoiding direct contact with wild animals and avoiding touching or feeding stray animals.
3. Cooking meat and eggs thoroughly to kill harmful bacteria.
4. Keeping pets up to date on vaccinations and preventative care.
5. Avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked meat, particularly poultry and pork.
6. Using insect repellents and wearing protective clothing when outdoors in areas where vectors are prevalent.
7. Implementing proper sanitation and hygiene practices in animal housing and husbandry.
8. Implementing strict biosecurity measures on farms and in animal facilities to prevent the spread of disease.
9. Providing education and training to individuals working with animals or in areas where zoonoses are prevalent.
10. Monitoring for and reporting cases of zoonotic disease to help track and control outbreaks.
Conclusion
Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans, posing a significant risk to human health and animal welfare. Understanding the causes, transmission, and prevention of zoonoses is essential for protecting both humans and animals from these diseases. By implementing appropriate measures such as avoiding contact with wild animals, cooking meat thoroughly, keeping pets up to date on vaccinations, and implementing proper sanitation and biosecurity practices, we can reduce the risk of zoonotic disease transmission and protect public health and animal welfare.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with the urine, saliva, or feces of infected rodents such as deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). The virus enters the body through cuts or abrasions on the skin, and then spreads through the bloodstream to the lungs.
Symptoms of HPS typically begin within 1-5 weeks after exposure and may include:
* Fever
* Headache
* Muscle pain
* Chills
* Abdominal pain
* Nausea and vomiting
* Diarrhea
* Shortness of breath
* Cough
* Chest tightness or discomfort
In severe cases, HPS can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can lead to death. The mortality rate for HPS is approximately 30-50%.
There is no specific treatment for HPS, and treatment is primarily supportive, such as oxygen therapy, hydration, and pain management. Prevention of HPS relies on avoiding contact with infected rodents and their urine, saliva, or feces. This includes avoiding areas where infected rodents are known to be present, wearing protective clothing and gloves when handling materials that may be contaminated, and proper cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and equipment.
Previous article What is the difference between Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) and Hemorrhagic Fever? Next article What are the key features of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?
Examples of emerging communicable diseases include SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), West Nile virus, and HIV/AIDS. These diseases are often difficult to diagnose and treat, and they can spread rapidly due to increased travel and trade, as well as the high level of interconnectedness in today's world.
Emerging communicable diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, such as environmental changes, genetic mutations, or the transmission of diseases from animals to humans. These diseases can also be spread through various routes, including airborne transmission, contact with infected bodily fluids, and vector-borne transmission (such as through mosquitoes or ticks).
To prevent the spread of emerging communicable diseases, it is important to have strong surveillance systems in place to detect and monitor outbreaks, as well as effective public health measures such as vaccination programs, quarantine, and contact tracing. Additionally, research into the causes and transmission mechanisms of these diseases is crucial for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies.
Overall, emerging communicable diseases pose a significant threat to global health security, and it is important for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the general public to be aware of these diseases and take steps to prevent their spread.
Some common types of fish diseases include:
1. Bacterial infections: These are caused by bacteria such as Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Mycobacterium. Symptoms can include fin and tail rot, body slime, and ulcers.
2. Viral infections: These are caused by viruses such as viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN). Symptoms can include lethargy, loss of appetite, and rapid death.
3. Protozoan infections: These are caused by protozoa such as Cryptocaryon and Ichthyophonus. Symptoms can include flashing, rapid breathing, and white spots on the body.
4. Fungal infections: These are caused by fungi such as Saprolegnia and Achlya. Symptoms can include fuzzy growths on the body and fins, and sluggish behavior.
5. Parasitic infections: These are caused by parasites such as Ichthyophonus and Cryptocaryon. Symptoms can include flashing, rapid breathing, and white spots on the body.
Diagnosis of fish diseases is typically made through a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and observation of the fish's behavior and environment. Treatment options vary depending on the type of disease and the severity of symptoms, and can include antibiotics, antifungals, and medicated baths. Prevention is key in managing fish diseases, and this includes maintaining good water quality, providing a balanced diet, and keeping the fish in a healthy environment.
Note: The information provided is a general overview of common fish diseases and their symptoms, and should not be considered as professional medical advice. If you suspect your fish has a disease, it is recommended that you consult with a veterinarian or a qualified aquarium expert for proper diagnosis and treatment.
The symptoms of EEE can vary in severity, but typically include fever, loss of appetite, depression, and difficulty walking or standing. In severe cases, the virus can cause inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, leading to neurological symptoms such as seizures, tremors, and paralysis.
Diagnosis of EEE is based on a combination of clinical signs, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Laboratory tests may include blood tests to detect antibodies against the virus or PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests to detect the virus itself in the animal's tissues or fluids.
Treatment of EEE is primarily supportive, with focus on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections, medication to control fever and pain, and physical therapy to help the animal regain mobility and strength. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide intensive care and monitoring.
Prevention of EEE is key to managing the disease, and this involves controlling mosquito populations around equine facilities. This can include using insecticides, eliminating standing water around the facility, and using mosquito repellents or screens to prevent mosquito bites. Vaccination against EEE is also available for horses and other equines, but it is not 100% effective and should be used in combination with other preventive measures.
Prognosis for EEE varies depending on the severity of the disease, but in general, the mortality rate for this condition is high. Horses that survive the initial infection may experience long-term neurological problems, such as behavioral changes or difficulty walking.
In summary, encephalomyelitis, eastern equine is a serious and potentially fatal viral infection that affects horses and other equines. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment are critical to managing this disease, and prevention measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of infection.
The symptoms of relapsing fever can vary depending on the severity of the infection, but may include:
* Fever (which can be quite high, often exceeding 104°F)
* Headache
* Muscle pain
* Joint pain
* Swollen lymph nodes
* Sore throat
* Rash
* Weakness and fatigue
The infection is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as blood cultures or PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests.
Relapsing fever is treated with antibiotics, such as doxycycline or penicillin G. The infection can be cured with proper treatment, but without treatment, it can lead to complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, or death.
Prevention of relapsing fever includes avoiding tick bites, using protective clothing and insect repellents when outdoors in areas where the bacteria is found, and promptly seeking medical attention if symptoms develop.
Lyme disease is typically diagnosed based on a combination of physical symptoms, medical history, and laboratory tests. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, which can help to clear the infection and alleviate symptoms.
Prevention of Lyme disease involves protecting against tick bites by using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing when outdoors, and conducting regular tick checks. Early detection and treatment of Lyme disease can help to prevent long-term complications, such as joint inflammation and neurological problems.
In this definition, we have used technical terms such as 'bacterial infection', 'blacklegged tick', 'Borrelia burgdorferi', and 'antibiotics' to provide a more detailed understanding of the medical concept.
North America
SuzoHapp North America
Roto North America
North America 4
North America Nebula
North of America
Suez North America
Amway North America
Nutricia North America
Savills North America
SSC North America
British North America
Fortress North America
Western North America
North America Cup
Verallia North America
Making North America
Telecom North America
Danone North America
North West America
Megabus (North America)
Rally North America
WikiConference North America
Ferrell North America
Team North America
Songwriters of North America
Swiss cheese (North America)
Permian Basin (North America)
Librarians in North America
British North America Acts
Edmonton Drillers (1979-1982)
EMD GP9
26th Marine Expeditionary Unit
Ora hyacintha
Microolithus
Nate Johnson (meteorologist)
New Melones Dam
Albin Francisco Schoepf
Socialist Sunday School
Francis W. Kirkham
Union Village Shaker settlement
Gunnies
Stirling
Conocephalus spartinae
Jaimie Dawson
Judy & David
List of people killed for being transgender
ism
List of Jewish fraternities and sororities
Edward D. Crippa
Lift Every Voice and Sing
Deaths in December 2014
Summer of Love
Anton Chekhov
Mount Pleasant Collegiate Institute Historic District
Camuy, Puerto Rico
List of American and British defectors in the Korean War
Valpak
Putnam Aldrich
Who Wants to Beat Up a Millionaire?
North America Adobe Connect Government Sales | Request Consultation
Pharmaceutical Advertising jobs in North America
| BioSpace
Genus Argyrophylax, Tachinidae of America North of Mexico
North America Certifications | LyondellBasell
Sega's Genesis Mini 2 hits North America on October 27th | Engadget
serco north america Principal Systems Engineer Jobs in Arlington, Virginia | Military
Boardwalk in Rigolet complete, may now be North America's longest | CBC News
Sighting 1318434 | Butterflies and Moths of North America
Keep North Myrtle Beach Beautiful - Keep America Beautiful
Air Transat voted 2022 North America's Best Leisure
Wind Operations & Maintenance in North America
Category:EB1911:Cities:North America:Canada - Wikisource, the free online library
2022/23 Season Highlights in North and South America
Airports Council International - North America : Articles :: Law360
WJ15EDGK-3.81-21p-14-RNA Reliance North America | Connectors, Interconnects | DigiKey Marketplace
Interview: John Huston, First American to Ski to North Pole Unsupported
RCMP - Rising Tide North America
FileRoom.org - Location-'North America'
Mobile Operating System Market Share North America | Statcounter Global Stats
Funding | North American Association for Environmental Education
The Great American RoadTrip Forum - North Pacific
Abies in Flora of North America @ efloras.org
Canadian Consent - North American Windpower
RMS North America and Industry Partners Host "The Great Outdoors Tech Upgrade" Contest
Vital Signs: Deficiencies in Environmental Control Identified in Outbreaks of Legionnaires' Disease - North America, 2000-2014 ...
American Student Freed By North Korea Arrives Home : The Two-Way : NPR
Jafflechutes: North America - The Awesome Foundation
Martineño / Martineno, Tamaulipas, Mexico, North America
JTEKT North America Expands West Union, South Carolina, Plant - Area Development
Central America1
- The northern continent of the Western Hemisphere, extending northward from the Colombia-Panama border and including CENTRAL AMERICA, MEXICO, Caribbean area, the UNITED STATES, CANADA and GREENLAND. (bvsalud.org)
19921
- The Environment in Europe and North America : annotated statistics 1992. (who.int)
20221
- Air Transat is pleased to announce that it has won the title of North America's Best Leisure Airline at the 2022 Skytrax World Airline Awards. (airtransat.com)
Carolina4
- Head of Omnichannel - Director, IT United States - California - Foster CityUnited States - North Carolina - Raleigh Gilead Sciences, Inc' is a rese. (biospace.com)
- In addition, the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use has been reported to be high in tobacco-producing regions, including rural North Carolina and Kentucky (2,3). (cdc.gov)
- In southeastern North Carolina, reports from physicians and dentists suggested a high prevalence of smokeless tobacco use in the local American Indian population, the Lumbee -- particularly among women and children. (cdc.gov)
- In response to these reports, the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University analyzed data from a National Cancer Institute-sponsored cervical cancer prevention program to estimate the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use during 1991 among Lumbee women aged greater than or equal to 18 years residing in Robeson County, North Carolina (1990 population: 105,179). (cdc.gov)
Search1
- Results of search for 'su:{North America. (who.int)
America's2
- In America's North Korea, the Sunshine State, from time to time we enjoy taking a look at what's going on and tonight we are doing it again in a Governor DeSantis edition of this week in Florida," Kimmel said. (dailycaller.com)
- According to RMS North America's latest State of the Industry Report , 85% of Millennial and Gen Z campers want to see more technology integrated into campgrounds and RV parks. (tmcnet.com)
Prevalence2
- Estimates of the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in North America have varied widely and many estimates are based on small numbers of cases and from small regional subpopulations. (nature.com)
- We sought to estimate the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in North America by combining data from a multi-study sampling strategy in diverse geographic regions and/or data sources. (nature.com)
Marketplace1
- North American Windpower serves decision-making professionals involved in all aspects of wind energy generation and distribution in the North American marketplace. (nawindpower.com)
Catalog1
- A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). (uoguelph.ca)
20163
- Otto Warmbier is said to have been in a coma since sometime after his sentencing in North Korea in March 2016. (npr.org)
- Otto Warmbier, a 22-year-old University of Virginia undergraduate who has been imprisoned in North Korea since January 2016, is transferred by medical personnel from a transport aircraft to an ambulance at Cincinnati Municipal Lunken Airport on Tuesday night. (npr.org)
- Warmbier is escorted to his March 2016 trial in Pyongyang, North Korea, at which he was sentenced to 15 years in prison and hard labor. (npr.org)
Europe3
- Statistiques de l' environnement en Europe et en Amérique du Nord : recueil expérimental. (who.int)
- Environment statistics in Europe and North America : an experimental compendium. (who.int)
- The approval for chronic migraine was based on results of the phase 3 Research Evaluating Migraine Prophylaxis Therapy (PREEMPT) program, which was made up of 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials that included 1384 adults from 122 centers in North America and Europe, a statement from Allergan notes. (medscape.com)
Korea5
- Comedian Jimmy Kimmel compared Florida to North Korea on his show Thursday night during a monologue slamming Republican Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis. (dailycaller.com)
- Joseph Yun, the U.S. special envoy on North Korea, met with North Korean officials in Oslo, Norway, in May and reached an agreement for Swedish diplomats to visit Warmbier. (npr.org)
- Sweden represents U.S. diplomatic interests in North Korea. (npr.org)
- Yun demanded his release and North Korea complied on Tuesday, according to the State Department. (npr.org)
- At least three American citizens are still being held in North Korea. (npr.org)
Adults1
- Rates of smokeless tobacco use among U.S. adults are highest for young males, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, persons residing in the South or rural areas of the country, and those of low socioeconomic status (1). (cdc.gov)
Canada2
- North American Indian childhood cirrhosis has been found only in children of Ojibway-Cree descent in the Abitibi region of northwestern Quebec, Canada. (medlineplus.gov)
- Genomic analysis of the oldest human remains from the Americas showed a direct relationship between a Clovis-related ancestral population and all modern Central and South Americans as well as a deep split separating them from North Americans in Canada . (bvsalud.org)
South4
- Read our season preview of premieres, new productions, and other performance highlights in North and South America. (boosey.com)
- We encourage South American scholars to take up the call to more thoroughly explore and expand on the histories of gendered health and psychology within regional and historical time sensitive contexts. (bvsalud.org)
- We present 91 ancient human genomes from California and Southwestern Ontario and demonstrate the existence of two distinct ancestries in North America , which possibly split south of the ice sheets . (bvsalud.org)
- A contribution from both of these ancestral populations is found in all modern Central and South Americans . (bvsalud.org)
Health3
- Environmental, Health, Security and Safety - American Chemistry Council Members (including LYB) are required to comply with the RCMS technical specification and be certified by an external auditor every 3 years. (lyondellbasell.com)
- by Pan American Health Organization. (who.int)
- The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is an international public health agency with more than 90 years of experience in working to improve health and living standards of the countries of the Ame. (bvsalud.org)
Visit1
- If you'd like personal advice, please visit the Great American RoadTrip Forum . (roadtripamerica.com)
Society1
- Disease and class : tuberculosis and the shaping of modern North American society / Georgina D. Feldberg. (who.int)
Term1
- The American student was sentenced to a 15-year prison term after his arrest. (npr.org)
Found1
- Cirhin is found in many different types of cells, so it is unclear why the effects of North American Indian childhood cirrhosis appear to be limited to the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
Free1
- We depend on donations to keep Butterflies and Moths of North America online and free. (butterfliesandmoths.org)
Support2
- We unequivocally support the sovereignty and human rights of the Wet'suwet'en as title holders to their territory, and their rights to resist the massive fracked gas pipeline that puts their land water climate and women at risk. (risingtidenorthamerica.org)
- The Wet'suwet'en community has a huge network of organizers, activists, musicians, artists, unions, labor councils, faith groups, that support their sovereignty and resistance, and are raising our voice as a collective in solidarity. (risingtidenorthamerica.org)
Systems2
- This specification helps align existing American, German (VDA6.1), French (EAQF) and Italian (AVQS) automotive quality systems within the global automotive market. (lyondellbasell.com)
- RMS North America , a leading provider of reservation and property management systems to the outdoor hospitality industry, has partnered with TengoInternet , Spot2Nite , and RezRecover to award one U.S-based RV park or campground with a suite of operational technology and services. (tmcnet.com)
Cases1
- Drouin E, Russo P, Tuchweber B, Mitchell G, Rasquin-Weber A. North American Indian cirrhosis in children: a review of 30 cases. (medlineplus.gov)
Indian4
- North American Indian childhood cirrhosis is a rare liver disorder that occurs in children. (medlineplus.gov)
- North American Indian childhood cirrhosis results from at least one known mutation in the UTP4 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
- Weber AM, Tuchweber B, Yousef I, Brochu P, Turgeon C, Gabbiani G, Morin CL, Roy CC. Severe familial cholestasis in North American Indian children: a clinical model of microfilament dysfunction? (medlineplus.gov)
- Geraniums for the Iroquois : a field guide to American Indian medicinal plants / Daniel E. Moerman. (who.int)
Association1
- A2LA (American Association for Laboratory Accreditation) is a U.S. association that accredits testing and calibration laboratories in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 requirements. (lyondellbasell.com)
TRIAL1
- After a brief trial broadcast by North Korean state television, Warmbier was sentenced to 15 years in prison and hard labor. (npr.org)
Posts1
- This is a new section of RoadTrip America, and it has no posts yet. (roadtripamerica.com)
Management2
- Most North American firs are major components of vegetation, especially in the boreal, Pacific Coast coniferous, and western montane coniferous forests, where they are important for watershed management. (efloras.org)
- RMS North America offers flexible and scalable cloud-based reservation management solutions to fit the needs of outdoor properties like yours. (tmcnet.com)
Present1
- Offering a general overview of the past and more recent feminist present within a North American framework. (bvsalud.org)