AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
Normal DistributionSparteineStatistical DistributionsModels, StatisticalBiometryData Interpretation, StatisticalBinomial DistributionReference ValuesComputer SimulationBayes TheoremStatistics as TopicAlgorithmsModels, GeneticMonte Carlo MethodQuantitative Trait, HeritableProbabilityReproducibility of ResultsQuantitative Trait LociLikelihood FunctionsSample SizeBreedingMarkov ChainsModels, BiologicalLinear ModelsPhenotypeAnalysis of VarianceGenetic VariationGenetic MarkersTime FactorsPregnancyCattleModels, TheoreticalSensitivity and SpecificityOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisAge FactorsMicroscopy, ElectronRegression AnalysisMultivariate AnalysisGene Expression ProfilingMutationCells, Cultured
Normal Distribution
Continuous frequency distribution of infinite range. Its properties are as follows: 1, continuous, symmetrical distribution with both tails extending to infinity; 2, arithmetic mean, mode, and median identical; and 3, shape completely determined by the mean and standard deviation.
Sparteine
A quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from several FABACEAE including LUPINUS; SPARTIUM; and CYTISUS. It has been used as an oxytocic and an anti-arrhythmia agent. It has also been of interest as an indicator of CYP2D6 genotype.
Statistical Distributions
The complete summaries of the frequencies of the values or categories of a measurement made on a group of items, a population, or other collection of data. The distribution tells either how many or what proportion of the group was found to have each value (or each range of values) out of all the possible values that the quantitative measure can have.
Models, Statistical
Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.
Biometry
The use of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze biological observations and phenomena.
Data Interpretation, Statistical
Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.
Binomial Distribution
The probability distribution associated with two mutually exclusive outcomes; used to model cumulative incidence rates and prevalence rates. The Bernoulli distribution is a special case of binomial distribution.
Reference Values
The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.
Computer Simulation
Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.
Bayes Theorem
A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.
Statistics as Topic
The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. The term is also applied to the data themselves and to the summarization of the data.
Algorithms
A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.
Models, Genetic
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Monte Carlo Method
In statistics, a technique for numerically approximating the solution of a mathematical problem by studying the distribution of some random variable, often generated by a computer. The name alludes to the randomness characteristic of the games of chance played at the gambling casinos in Monte Carlo. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)
Quantitative Trait, Heritable
A characteristic showing quantitative inheritance such as SKIN PIGMENTATION in humans. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Probability
The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Quantitative Trait Loci
Genetic loci associated with a QUANTITATIVE TRAIT.
Likelihood Functions
Functions constructed from a statistical model and a set of observed data which give the probability of that data for various values of the unknown model parameters. Those parameter values that maximize the probability are the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters.
Sample Size
The number of units (persons, animals, patients, specified circumstances, etc.) in a population to be studied. The sample size should be big enough to have a high likelihood of detecting a true difference between two groups. (From Wassertheil-Smoller, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 1990, p95)
Breeding
The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants.
Markov Chains
A stochastic process such that the conditional probability distribution for a state at any future instant, given the present state, is unaffected by any additional knowledge of the past history of the system.
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Linear Models
Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.
Phenotype
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
Analysis of Variance
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
Genetic Variation
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
Genetic Markers
A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Cattle
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Models, Theoretical
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.
Age Factors
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Regression Analysis
Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.
Multivariate Analysis
A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.
Gene Expression Profiling
The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Personal exposure to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica in California agriculture. (1/1216)

AIMS: The aim of this study was to measure personal exposure to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica during various agricultural operations in California over a period of one year. METHODS: Ten farms were randomly selected in Yolo and Solano counties and workers were invited to wear personal sampling equipment to measure inhalable and respirable dust levels during various operations. The samples were analysed for endotoxin using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay and crystalline silica content using X-ray diffraction. In total 142 inhalable samples and 144 respirable samples were collected. RESULTS: The measurements showed considerable difference in exposure levels between various operations, in particular for the inhalable fraction of the dust and the endotoxin. Machine harvesting of tree crops (Geometric mean (GM) = 45.1 mg/m3) and vegetables (GM = 7.9 mg/m3), and cleaning of poultry houses (GM = 6.7 mg/m3) showed the highest inhalable dust levels. Cleaning of poultry houses also showed the highest inhalable endotoxin levels (GM = 1861 EU/m3). Respirable dust levels were generally low, except for machine harvesting of tree crops (GM = 2.8 mg/m3) and vegetables (GM = 0.9 mg/m3). Respirable endotoxin levels were also low. For the inhalable dust fraction, levels were reduced considerably when an enclosed cabin was present. The percentage of crystalline silica was overall higher in the respirable dust samples than the inhalable dust samples. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable differences exist in personal exposure levels to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica during various agricultural operations in California agriculture with some operations showing very high levels.  (+info)

Functionally independent components of the late positive event-related potential during visual spatial attention. (2/1216)

Human event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 10 subjects presented with visual target and nontarget stimuli at five screen locations and responding to targets presented at one of the locations. The late positive response complexes of 25-75 ERP average waveforms from the two task conditions were simultaneously analyzed with Independent Component Analysis, a new computational method for blindly separating linearly mixed signals. Three spatially fixed, temporally independent, behaviorally relevant, and physiologically plausible components were identified without reference to peaks in single-channel waveforms. A novel frontoparietal component (P3f) began at approximately 140 msec and peaked, in faster responders, at the onset of the motor command. The scalp distribution of P3f appeared consistent with brain regions activated during spatial orienting in functional imaging experiments. A longer-latency large component (P3b), positive over parietal cortex, was followed by a postmotor potential (Pmp) component that peaked 200 msec after the button press and reversed polarity near the central sulcus. A fourth component associated with a left frontocentral nontarget positivity (Pnt) was evoked primarily by target-like distractors presented in the attended location. When no distractors were presented, responses of five faster-responding subjects contained largest P3f and smallest Pmp components; when distractors were included, a Pmp component appeared only in responses of the five slower-responding subjects. Direct relationships between component amplitudes, latencies, and behavioral responses, plus similarities between component scalp distributions and regional activations reported in functional brain imaging experiments suggest that P3f, Pmp, and Pnt measure the time course and strength of functionally distinct brain processes.  (+info)

Haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in children aged 12 and 18 months. ALSPAC Children in Focus Study Team. (3/1216)

AIMS: To define the normal ranges and investigate associated factors for haemoglobin and ferritin in British children at 12 and 18 months of age, and to estimate correlations between both haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations at 8, 12, and 18 months of age. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects were part of the "children in focus" sample, randomly selected from the Avon longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood. Capillary blood samples were taken from 940 children at 12 months and 827 children at 18 months of age. RESULTS: Haemoglobin was distributed normally and ferritin was distributed log normally at 12 and 18 months of age. Ninety five per cent reference ranges were established from empirical centiles of haemoglobin and ferritin. Haemoglobin concentrations at 18 months were associated with sex and maternal education. Concentrations of ferritin at 12 and 18 months of age were associated with birth weight and current weight. Girls at 12 months, but not at 18 months, had 8% higher ferritin concentrations than boys. Haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations were significantly correlated over time (8-12 months: rHb = 0.26, rFer = 0.46; 12-18 months: rHb = 0.37, rFer = 0.34; 8-18 months: rHb = 0.22, rFer = 0.24). CONCLUSION: Iron stores are depleted by rapid growth in infancy. A definition of anaemia based on the fifth centile gives cut off points at 12 and 18 months of age of haemoglobin < 100 g/l, and for iron deficiency of ferritin < 16 micrograms/l and < 12 micrograms/l, respectively. Because children below the fifth centile at one time point differ from those six months later, it is unclear whether screening would be effective.  (+info)

Trace elements and electrolytes in human resting mixed saliva after exercise. (4/1216)

OBJECTIVES: Exercise is known to cause changes in the concentration of salivary components such as amylase, Na, and Cl. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on the levels of trace elements and electrolytes in whole (mixed) saliva. METHODS: Forty subjects performed a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Samples of saliva were obtained before and immediately after the exercise test. Sample concentrations of Fe, Mg, Sc, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr, Ag, Sb, Cs, and Hg were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and concentrations of Ca and Na by atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS: After exercise, Mg and Na levels showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) while Mn levels fell (p < 0.05). Zn/Cu molar ratios were unaffected by exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Intense physical exercise induced changes in the concentrations of only three (Na, Mg, and Mn) of the 16 elements analysed in the saliva samples. Further research is needed to assess the clinical implications of these findings.  (+info)

The photon counting histogram in fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy. (5/1216)

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is generally used to obtain information about the number of fluorescent particles in a small volume and the diffusion coefficient from the autocorrelation function of the fluorescence signal. Here we demonstrate that photon counting histogram (PCH) analysis constitutes a novel tool for extracting quantities from fluorescence fluctuation data, i.e., the measured photon counts per molecule and the average number of molecules within the observation volume. The photon counting histogram of fluorescence fluctuation experiments, in which few molecules are present in the excitation volume, exhibits a super-Poissonian behavior. The additional broadening of the PCH compared to a Poisson distribution is due to fluorescence intensity fluctuations. For diffusing particles these intensity fluctuations are caused by an inhomogeneous excitation profile and the fluctuations in the number of particles in the observation volume. The quantitative relationship between the detected photon counts and the fluorescence intensity reaching the detector is given by Mandel's formula. Based on this equation and considering the fluorescence intensity distribution in the two-photon excitation volume, a theoretical expression for the PCH as a function of the number of molecules in the excitation volume is derived. For a single molecular species two parameters are sufficient to characterize the histogram completely, namely the average number of molecules within the observation volume and the detected photon counts per molecule per sampling time epsilon. The PCH for multiple molecular species, on the other hand, is generated by successively convoluting the photon counting distribution of each species with the others. The influence of the excitation profile upon the photon counting statistics for two relevant point spread functions (PSFs), the three-dimensional Gaussian PSF conventionally employed in confocal detection and the square of the Gaussian-Lorentzian PSF for two photon excitation, is explicitly treated. Measured photon counting distributions obtained with a two-photon excitation source agree, within experimental error with the theoretical PCHs calculated for the square of a Gaussian-Lorentzian beam profile. We demonstrate and discuss the influence of the average number of particles within the observation volume and the detected photon counts per molecule per sampling interval upon the super-Poissonian character of the photon counting distribution.  (+info)

Abnormal NF-kappa B activity in T lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with decreased p65-RelA protein expression. (6/1216)

Numerous cellular and biochemical abnormalities in immune regulation have been described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including surface Ag receptor-initiated signaling events and lymphokine production. Because NF-kappa B contributes to the transcription of numerous inflammatory genes and has been shown to be a molecular target of antiinflammatory drugs, we sought to characterize the functional role of the NF-kappa B protein complex in lupus T cells. Freshly isolated T cells from lupus patients, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and normal individuals were activated physiologically via the TCR with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs to assess proximal membrane signaling, and with PMA and a calcium ionophore (A23187) to bypass membrane-mediated signaling events. We measured the NF-kappa B binding activity in nuclear extracts by gel shift analysis. When compared with normal cells, the activation of NF-kappa B activity in SLE patients was significantly decreased in SLE, but not in RA, patients. NF-kappa B binding activity was absent in several SLE patients who were not receiving any medication, including corticosteroids. Also, NF-kappa B activity remained absent in follow-up studies. In supershift experiments using specific Abs, we showed that, in the group of SLE patients who displayed undetectable NF-kappa B activity, p65 complexes were not formed. Finally, immunoblot analysis of nuclear extracts showed decreased or absent p65 protein levels. As p65 complexes are transcriptionally active in comparison to the p50 homodimer, this novel finding may provide insight on the origin of abnormal cytokine or other gene transcription in SLE patients.  (+info)

Integrated screening for Down's syndrome on the basis of tests performed during the first and second trimesters. (7/1216)

BACKGROUND: Both first-trimester screening and second-trimester screening for Down's syndrome are effective means of selecting women for chorionic-villus sampling or amniocentesis, but there is uncertainty about which screening method should be used in practice. We propose a new screening method in which measurements obtained during both trimesters are integrated to provide a single estimate of a woman's risk of having a pregnancy affected by Down's syndrome. METHODS: We used data from published studies of various screening methods employed during the first and second trimesters. The first-trimester screening consisted of measurement of serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in 77 pregnancies affected by Down's syndrome and 383 unaffected pregnancies and measurements of nuchal translucency obtained by ultrasonography in 326 affected and 95,476 unaffected pregnancies. The second-trimester tests were various combinations of measurements of serum alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, human chorionic gonadotropin, and inhibin A in 77 affected and 385 unaffected pregnancies. RESULTS: When we used a risk of 1 in 120 or greater as the cutoff to define a positive result on the integrated screening test, the rate of detection of Down's syndrome was 85 percent, with a false positive rate of 0.9 percent. To achieve the same rate of detection, current screening tests would have higher false positive rates (5 to 22 percent). If the integrated test were to replace the triple test (measurements of serum alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, and human chorionic gonadotropin), currently used with a 5 percent false positive rate, for screening during the second trimester, the detection rate would be higher 85 percent vs. 69 percent), with a reduction of four fifths in the number of invasive diagnostic procedures and consequent losses of normal fetuses. CONCLUSIONS: The integrated test detects more cases of Down's syndrome with a much lower false positive rate than the best currently available test.  (+info)

Microtubule-dependent recruitment of Staufen-green fluorescent protein into large RNA-containing granules and subsequent dendritic transport in living hippocampal neurons. (8/1216)

Dendritic mRNA transport and local translation at individual potentiated synapses may represent an elegant way to form synaptic memory. Recently, we characterized Staufen, a double-stranded RNA-binding protein, in rat hippocampal neurons and showed its presence in large RNA-containing granules, which colocalize with microtubules in dendrites. In this paper, we transiently transfect hippocampal neurons with human Staufen-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and find fluorescent granules in the somatodendritic domain of these cells. Human Stau-GFP granules show the same cellular distribution and size and also contain RNA, as already shown for the endogenous Stau particles. In time-lapse videomicroscopy, we show the bidirectional movement of these Staufen-GFP-labeled granules from the cell body into dendrites and vice versa. The average speed of these particles was 6.4 microm/min with a maximum velocity of 24. 3 microm/min. Moreover, we demonstrate that the observed assembly into granules and their subsequent dendritic movement is microtubule dependent. Taken together, we have characterized a novel, nonvesicular, microtubule-dependent transport pathway involving RNA-containing granules with Staufen as a core component. This is the first demonstration in living neurons of movement of an essential protein constituent of the mRNA transport machinery.  (+info)

Approximate Bayesian inference in multivariate Gaussian process regression and applications to species distribution models
Gaussian processes are certainly not a new tool in the field of science. However, alongside the quick increasing of computer power during the last decades, Gaussian processes have proved to be a successful and flexible statistical tool for data analysis. Its practical interpretation as a nonparametric procedure to represent prior beliefs about the underlying data generating mechanism has gained attention among a variety of research fields ranging from ecology, inverse problems and deep learning in artificial intelligence. The core of this thesis deals with multivariate Gaussian process model as an alternative method to classical methods of regression analysis in Statistics. I develop hierarchical models, where the vector of predictor functions (in the sense of generalized linear models) is assumed to follow a multivariate Gaussian process. Statistical inference over the vector of predictor functions is approached by means of the Bayesian paradigm with analytical approximations. I developed also ...
https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/299415
Clustering with the multivariate normal inverse Gaussian distributionClustering with the multivariate normal inverse Gaussian distribution
Many model-based clustering methods are based on a finite Gaussian mixture model. The Gaussian mixture model implies that the data scatter within each group is elliptically shaped. Hence non-elliptical groups are often modeled by more than one component, resulting in model over-fitting. An alternative is to use a mean-variance mixture of multivariate normal distributions with an inverse Gaussian mixing distribution (MNIG) in place of the Gaussian distribution, to yield a more flexible family of distributions. Under this model the component distributions may be skewed and have fatter tails than the Gaussian distribution. The MNIG based approach is extended to include a broad range of eigendecomposed covariance structures. Furthermore, MNIG models where the other distributional parameters are constrained is considered. The Bayesian Information Criterion is used to identify the optimal model and number of mixture components. The method is demonstrated on three sample data sets and a novel variation ...
http://researchrepository.ucd.ie/handle/10197/6106
Clustering and prediction with a Gaussian process mixture model - LUTPubClustering and prediction with a Gaussian process mixture model - LUTPub
Gaussian processes provide a powerful Bayesian approach to many machine learning tasks. Unfortunately, their application has been limited by the cubic computational complexity of inference. Mixtures of Gaussian processes have been used to lower the computational costs and to enable inference on more complex data sets. In this thesis, we investigate a certain finite Gaussian process mixture model and its applicability to clustering and prediction tasks. We apply the mixture model on a multidimensional data set that contains multiple groups. We perform Bayesian inference on the model using Markov chain Monte Carlo. We find the predictive performance of the model satisfactory. Both the variances and the trends of the groups are estimated well, bar the issues caused by poor clustering. The model is unable to cluster some of the groups properly and we suggest improving the prior of the mixing proportions or incorporating more prior information as remedies for the issues in clustering ...
https://lutpub.lut.fi/handle/10024/162732
Sensors | Free Full-Text | Supervoxel Segmentation with Voxel-Related Gaussian Mixture ModelSensors | Free Full-Text | Supervoxel Segmentation with Voxel-Related Gaussian Mixture Model
Extended from superpixel segmentation by adding an additional constraint on temporal consistency, supervoxel segmentation is to partition video frames into atomic segments. In this work, we propose a novel scheme for supervoxel segmentation to address the problem of new and moving objects, where the segmentation is performed on every two consecutive frames and thus each internal frame has two valid superpixel segmentations. This scheme provides coarse-grained parallel ability, and subsequent algorithms can validate their result using two segmentations that will further improve robustness. To implement this scheme, a voxel-related Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is proposed, in which each supervoxel is assumed to be distributed in a local region and represented by two Gaussian distributions that share the same color parameters to capture temporal consistency. Our algorithm has a lower complexity with respect to frame size than the traditional GMM. According to our experiments, it also outperforms the state
http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/1/128
Gaussian Process Product Models for Nonparametric Nonstationarity - VideoLectures.NETGaussian Process Product Models for Nonparametric Nonstationarity - VideoLectures.NET
Stationarity is often an unrealistic prior assumption for Gaussian process regression. One solution is to predefine an explicit nonstationary covariance function, but such covariance functions can be difficult to specify and require detailed prior knowledge of the nonstationarity. We propose the Gaussian process product model (GPPM) which models data as the pointwise product of two latent Gaussian processes to nonparametrically infer nonstationary variations of amplitude. This approach differs from other nonparametric approaches to covariance function inference in that it operates on the outputs rather than the inputs, resulting in a significant reduction in computational cost and required data for inference, while improving scalability to high-dimensional input spaces. We present an approximate inference scheme using Expectation Propagation. This variational approximation yields convenient GP hyperparameter selection and compact approximate predictive distributions.
http://videolectures.net/icml08_stegle_gpp/
An Iterative Method to Learn Stable Non-Linear Dynamical Systems with Gaussian Mixture Models | AMARSi Project
Khansari Zadeh, S. M. and Billard, A. (2010) BM: An Iterative Method to Learn Stable Non-Linear Dynamical Systems with Gaussian Mixture Models. Proceeding of the International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2010), 2010, p. 2381-2388. unknonw date. ...
https://amarsi-project.eu/news/iterative-method-learn-stable-non-linear-dynamical-systems-gaussian-mixture-models
PDF] Multi-Kernel Gaussian Processes | Semantic ScholarPDF] Multi-Kernel Gaussian Processes | Semantic Scholar
Multi-task learning remains a difficult yet important problem in machine learning. In Gaussian processes the main challenge is the definition of valid kernels (covariance functions) able to capture the relationships between different tasks. This paper presents a novel methodology to construct valid multi-task covariance functions (Mercer kernels) for Gaussian processes allowing for a combination of kernels with different forms. The method is based on Fourier analysis and is general for arbitrary stationary covariance functions. Analytical solutions for cross covariance terms between popular forms are provided including Matern, squared exponential and sparse covariance functions. Experiments are conducted with both artificial and real datasets demonstrating the benefits of the approach.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Multi-Kernel-Gaussian-Processes-Melkumyan-Ramos/25b05c3098911c319b5196bbba177ea412587b33
Predictive Active Set Selection Methods for Gaussian Processes - DTU OrbitPredictive Active Set Selection Methods for Gaussian Processes - DTU Orbit
We propose an active set selection framework for Gaussian process classification for cases when the dataset is large enough to render its inference prohibitive. Our scheme consists of a two step alternating procedure of active set update rules and hyperparameter optimization based upon marginal likelihood maximization. The active set update rules rely on the ability of the predictive distributions of a Gaussian process classifier to estimate the relative contribution of a datapoint when being either included or removed from the model. This means that we can use it to include points with potentially high impact to the classifier decision process while removing those that are less relevant. We introduce two active set rules based on different criteria, the first one prefers a model with interpretable active set parameters whereas the second puts computational complexity first, thus a model with active set parameters that directly control its complexity. We also provide both theoretical and ...
http://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/predictive-active-set-selection-methods-for-gaussian-processes
The gaussian network model: precise prediction of residue fluctuations and application to binding problems. - Semantic ScholarThe gaussian network model: precise prediction of residue fluctuations and application to binding problems. - Semantic Scholar
The single-parameter Gamma matrix of force constants proposed by the Gaussian Network Model (GNM) is iteratively modified to yield native state fluctuations that agree exactly with experimentally observed values. The resulting optimized Gamma matrix contains residue-specific force constants that may be used for an accurate analysis of ligand binding to single or multiple sites on proteins. Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor (BPTI) is used as an example. The calculated off-diagonal elements of the Gamma matrix, i.e., the optimized spring constants, obey a Lorentzian distribution. The mean value of the spring constants is approximately -0.1, a value much weaker than -1 of the GNM. Few of the spring constants are positive, indicating repulsion between residues. Residue pairs with large number of neighbors have spring constants around the mean, -0.1. Large negative spring constants are between highly correlated pairs of residues. The fluctuations of the distance between anticorrelated pairs of residues are
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-gaussian-network-model-precise-prediction-of-r-Erman/c2a657fc0f3babdf87573130d7aeee9358633ca4
pamgauss: create a two dimensional gaussian function as a PAM image - Linux Man Pages (1)pamgauss: create a two dimensional gaussian function as a PAM image - Linux Man Pages (1)
This program is part of Netpbm(1) pamgauss generates a one-plane PAM image whose samples are a gaussian function of their distance from the center of the image.
https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/1-pamgauss/
Draw a Normal distribution curveDraw a Normal distribution curve
A value, x, from a normal distribution specified by a mean of m and a standard deviation of s can be converted to a corresponding value, z, in a standard normal distribution with the transformation z=(x-m)/s. And, of course, in reverse, any value from a standard normal graph, say z, can be converted to a corresponding value on a normal distribution with a mean of m and a standard deviation of s by the formula x=m+z*s. Remember that the standard normal distribution has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1, i.e., m=0, s=1.. The ability to carry out this transformation is very important since we can do all our analysis with the standard normal distribution and then apply the results to every other normal distribution, including the one of interest. For example, to draw a normal curve with a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 2 (m=10, s=2), draw the standard normal distribution and just re-label the axis. The first figure below is the standard normal curve and the next figure is the curve ...
http://www.tushar-mehta.com/excel/charts/normal_distribution/
Fortran90]Problem with Gaussian distribution | Physics Forums - The Fusion of Science and CommunityFortran90]Problem with Gaussian distribution | Physics Forums - The Fusion of Science and Community
The second part of the program is used to make the gaussian distribution. I defined l to be the width of a single interval, that is I wrote l=0.1/h where h is the number of intervals I want between 0 and 0.1. After that I computed p=int(pron(i)/l). In this way I should be able to compute the integer part of pron(i)/l where pron(i) are my shifted random numbers of the second attempt. Doing so I know that the pth interval contains one of my random numbers, in this case pron(i) (rigorously speaking it should be the (p+1)th but I dont think it should change much), and to keep track of this I add 1 to the (p+n/2+1)th component of the array a that I defined to be a=0 before the do cycle. I added n/2+1 to the index of a so that, when p=0 I obtain that the random number is assigned to the (n/2+1)th component. Finally, to do the plot of the gaussian distributions, I defined an index ltot(j) to be ltot(j)=-(n/2.0)+j so that, when I plot the points (a(i), ltot(i)), I should obtain a gaussian ...
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/fortran90-problem-with-gaussian-distribution.823776/
Gaussian distribution: Definition with Gaussian distribution Pictures and PhotosGaussian distribution: Definition with Gaussian distribution Pictures and Photos
Definition of Gaussian distribution with photos and pictures, translations, sample usage, and additional links for more information.
http://lexic.us/definition-of/gaussian_distribution
Hyperphronesis: Gaussians and Normal DistributionsHyperphronesis: Gaussians and Normal Distributions
Using the result above, let us evaluate \[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-ax^2+bx+c}dx \] This is easily done by completing the square: \(-ax^2+bx+c=-a\left ( x-\tfrac{b}{2a} \right )^2+\tfrac{b^2}{4a}+c\). This immediately gives \[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-ax^2+bx+c}dx=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-a\left ( x-\tfrac{b}{2a} \right )^2+\tfrac{b^2}{4a}+c}dx=e^{\tfrac{b^2}{4a}+c}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-au^2}du \] \[ \bbox[5px,border:2px solid red] { \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-ax^2+bx+c}dx=e^{\tfrac{b^2}{4a}+c}\sqrt{\pi/a} } \] Based on this, we can easily find: \[ \bbox[5px,border:2px solid red] { \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}g_{\mu,\sigma^2}(x)e^{t x}dx=e^{\mu t+\tfrac{1}{2}\sigma^2t^2} } \] This is the same as the moment generating function for a Gaussian distribution. Several results can be deduced from this. For instance, the Fourier transform of a Gaussian function: \[ \bbox[5px,border:2px solid red] { \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}g_{\mu,\sigma^2}(x)e^{-i\omega ...
https://www.hyperphronesis.com/2019/09/gaussian-functions.html
Clustering patient length of stay using mixtures of Gaussian models and phase type distributions<...
TY - GEN. T1 - Clustering patient length of stay using mixtures of Gaussian models and phase type distributions. AU - Garg, Lalit. AU - McClean, Sally. AU - Meenan, BJ. AU - El-Darzi, Elia. AU - Millard, Peter. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - Gaussian mixture distributions and Coxian phase type distributions have been popular choices model based clustering of patients length of stay data. This paper compares these models and presents an idea for a mixture distribution comprising of components of both of the above distributions. Also a mixed distribution survival tree is presented. A stroke dataset available from the English Hospital Episode Statistics database is used as a running example.. AB - Gaussian mixture distributions and Coxian phase type distributions have been popular choices model based clustering of patients length of stay data. This paper compares these models and presents an idea for a mixture distribution comprising of components of both of the above distributions. Also a mixed ...
https://ulster-staging.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/clustering-patient-length-of-stay-using-mixtures-of-gaussian-mode-3
Asymptotic analysis of covariance parameter estimation for Gaussian processes in the misspecified case - Archive ouverte HALAsymptotic analysis of covariance parameter estimation for Gaussian processes in the misspecified case - Archive ouverte HAL
In parametric estimation of covariance function of Gaussian processes, it is often the case that the true covariance function does not belong to the parametric set used for estimation. This situation is called the misspecified case. In this case, it has been observed that, for irregular spatial sampling of observation points, Cross Validation can yield smaller prediction errors than Maximum Likelihood. Motivated by this comparison, we provide a general asymptotic analysis of the misspecified case, for independent observation points with uniform distribution. We prove that the Maximum Likelihood estimator asymptotically minimizes a Kullback-Leibler divergence, within the misspecified parametric set, while Cross Validation asymptotically minimizes the integrated square prediction error. In a Monte Carlo simulation, we show that the covariance parameters estimated by Maximum Likelihood and Cross Validation, and the corresponding Kullback-Leibler divergences and integrated square prediction errors, can be
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01092042
Nuit Blanche: Variational Inference for Sparse Spectrum Approximation in Gaussian Process Regression -implementationNuit Blanche: Variational Inference for Sparse Spectrum Approximation in Gaussian Process Regression -implementation
Lazaro-Gredilla et al. (2010) suggested an alternative approximation to the GP model. In their paper they suggest the decomposition of the GPs stationary covariance function into its Fourier series. The infinite series is then approximated with a finite one. They optimise over the frequencies of the series to minimise some divergence from the full Gaussian process. This approach was named a sparse spectrum approximation. This approach is closely related to the one suggested by Rahimi & Recht (2007) in the randomised methods community (random projections). In Rahimi & Recht (2007)s approach, the frequencies are randomised (sampled from some distribution rather than optimised) and the Fourier coefficients are computed analytically. Both approaches capture globally complex behaviour, but the direct optimisation of the different quantities often leads to some form of over-fitting (Wilson et al., 2014). Similar over-fitting problems that were observed with the sparse pseudo-input approximation ...
https://nuit-blanche.blogspot.com/2015/03/variational-inference-for-sparse.html
Gaussian Process Regression Flow for Analysis of Motion Trajectories | Research
Recognition of motions and activities of objects in videos requires effective representations for analysis and matching of motion trajectories. In this paper, we introduce a new representation speciï¬ cally aimed at matching motion trajectories. We model a trajectory as a continuous dense flow ï¬ eld from a sparse set of vector sequences using Gaussian Process Regression. Furthermore, we introduce a random sampling strategy for learning stable classes of motions from limited data. Our representation allows for incrementally predicting possible paths and detecting anomalous events from online trajectories. This representation also supports matching of complex motions with acceleration changes and pauses or stops within a trajectory. We use the proposed approach for classifying and predicting motion trajectories in trafï¬ c monitoring domains and test on several data sets. We show that our approach works well on various types of complete and incomplete trajectories from a variety of ...
https://research.nvidia.com/publication/gaussian-process-regression-flow-analysis-motion-trajectories
Multitask Gaussian processes for multivariate physiological time-series analysis. - Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,...
Gaussian process (GP) models are a flexible means of performing nonparametric Bayesian regression. However, GP models in healthcare are often only used to model a single univariate output time series, denoted as single-task GPs (STGP). Due to an increasing prevalence of sensors in healthcare settings, there is an urgent need for robust multivariate time-series tools. Here, we propose a method using multitask GPs (MTGPs) which can model multiple correlated multivariate physiological time series simultaneously. The flexible MTGP framework can learn the correlation between multiple signals even though they might be sampled at different frequencies and have training sets available for different intervals. Furthermore, prior knowledge of any relationship between the time series such as delays and temporal behavior can be easily integrated. A novel normalization is proposed to allow interpretation of the various hyperparameters used in the MTGP. We investigate MTGPs for physiological monitoring with synthetic
https://www.ndorms.ox.ac.uk/publications/504520
A comparative study of some EWMA schemes for simultaneous monitoring of mean and variance of a Gaussian process - CityU...
In this paper, we introduce four different combinations of EWMA schemes, each based on a single plotting statistic for simultaneous monitoring of the mean and variance of a Gaussian process. We compare the four schemes and address the problem of adopting the best combining mechanism. We consider that the actual process parameters are unknown and estimated from a reference sample. We take into account the effects of estimation of unknown parameters in designing the proposed schemes. We consider the maximum likelihood estimators based pivot statistics for monitoring both the parameters and combine them into a single statistic through the max and the distance type combining functions. Also, we examine two different adaptive approaches to introduce pivot statistics into the EWMA-structure. Results show that the distance-type schemes outperform the max-type schemes. Generally, the proposed schemes are useful in detecting small-to-moderate shifts in either or both of the process parameters. ...
https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/a-comparative-study-of-some-ewma-schemes-for-simultaneous-monitoring-of-mean-and-variance-of-a-gaussian-process
talks.cam : Nonstationary Gaussian process emulators with covariance mixturestalks.cam : Nonstationary Gaussian process emulators with covariance mixtures
If you have a question about this talk, please contact [email protected] UNQW02 - Surrogate models for UQ in complex systems. Routine diagnostic checking of stationary Gaussian processes fitted to the output of complex computer codes often reveals nonstationary behaviour. There have been a number of approaches, both traditional and more recent, to modelling or accounting for this nonstationarity via the fitted process. These have included the fitting of complex mean functions to attempt to leave a stationary residual process (an idea that is often very difficult to get right in practice), using regression trees or other techniques to partition the input space into regions where different stationary processes are fitted (leading to arbitrary discontinuities in the modelling of the overall process), and other approaches which can be considered to live in one of these camps. In this work we allow the fitted process to be continuous by modelling the covariance kernel as a finite mixture of ...
https://www.talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/100387
Measurement Error Normal Distribution - qyitv.com
RECOMMENDED: If you have Windows errors then we strongly recommend that you download and run this (Windows) Repair Tool.. hence known as cumulative errors - Tend to change. It is taken as a measure of the accuracy of measurement. of readings 2 12 2 2. of readings. 1 2. Normal or Gaussian distribution • Random effects in.. Uncertainty, Measurements and Error Analysis. 1. A normal distribution is described by the mean. What are some sources of measurement errors?. Scale mixtures of the skew-normal (SMSN) distribution is a class of asymmetric thick-tailed distributions that includes the skew-normal (SN) distribution as a.. Provides detailed reference material for using SAS/STAT software to perform statistical analyses, including analysis of variance, regression, categorical data.. The red curve is the standard normal distribution: Cumulative distribution function. (such as measurement errors) often have distributions that are nearly normal.. The measurement error with normal distribution is ...
http://qyitv.com/measurement-error-normal-distribution/
A Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Model for Causal DiscoveryA Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Model for Causal Discovery
In recent years, several methods have been proposed for the discovery of causal structure from non-experimental data. Such methods make various assumptions on the data generating process to facilitate its identification from purely observational data. Continuing this line of research, we show how to discover the complete causal structure of continuous-valued data, under the assumptions that (a) the data generating process is linear, (b) there are no unobserved confounders, and (c) disturbance variables have non-Gaussian distributions of non-zero variances. The solution relies on the use of the statistical method known as independent component analysis, and does not require any pre-specified time-ordering of the variables. We provide a complete Matlab package for performing this LiNGAM analysis (short for Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Model), and demonstrate the effectiveness of the method using artificially generated data and real-world data. [abs][pdf][bib ...
https://www.jmlr.org/papers/v7/shimizu06a.html
normal distribution material - Section 8.5 Normal Random Variables The Normal Distribution is sometimes referred to as the...normal distribution material - Section 8.5 Normal Random Variables The Normal Distribution is sometimes referred to as the...
View Notes - normal distribution material from STAT 225 at Purdue. Section 8.5 Normal Random Variables The Normal Distribution is sometimes referred to as the Gaussian Distribution after Carl
https://www.coursehero.com/file/6758805/normal-distribution-material/
American Option Pricing Using GARCH Models and the Normal Inverse Gaussian Distribution : Journal of Financial Econometrics - oi
In this paper we propose a feasible way to price American options in a model with time-varying volatility and conditional skewness and leptokurtosis, using GARCH processes and the Normal Inverse Gaussian distribution. We show how the risk-neutral dynamics can be obtained in this model, we interpret the effect of the risk-neutralization, and we derive approximation procedures which allow for a computationally efficient implementation of the model. When the model is estimated on financial returns data the results indicate that compared to the Gaussian case the extension is important. A study of the model properties shows that there are important option pricing differences compared to the Gaussian case as well as to the symmetric special case. A large scale empirical examination shows that our model out-performs the Gaussian case for pricing options on the three large US stocks as well as a major index. In particular, improvements are found when it comes to explaining the smile in implied standard ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/jjfinec/nbn013
American Option Pricing using GARCH models and the Normal Inverse Gaussian distributionAmerican Option Pricing using GARCH models and the Normal Inverse Gaussian distribution
Downloadable! In this paper we propose a feasible way to price American options in a model with time varying volatility and conditional skewness and leptokurtosis using GARCH processes and the Normal Inverse Gaussian distribution. We show how the risk neutral dynamics can be obtained in this model, we interpret the effect of the riskneutralization, and we derive approximation procedures which allow for a computationally efficient implementation of the model. When the model is estimated on financial returns data the results indicate that compared to the Gaussian case the extension is important. A study of the model properties shows that there are important option pricing differences compared to the Gaussian case as well as to the symmetric special case. A large scale empirical examination shows that our model outperforms the Gaussian case for pricing options on three large US stocks as well as a major index. In particular, improvements are found when considering the smile in implied standard deviations.
https://ideas.repec.org/p/aah/create/2008-41.html
talks.cam : Rao-Blackwellized Particle Smoothing for Conditionally Linear Gaussian Models (NOTICE CHANGED TIME!)talks.cam : Rao-Blackwellized Particle Smoothing for Conditionally Linear Gaussian Models (NOTICE CHANGED TIME!)
If you have a question about this talk, please contact Rachel Fogg.. Although Monte Carlo based particle filters and smoothers can be used for approximate inference in almost any kind of probabilistic state space models, the required number of samples for a sufficient accuracy can be high. The efficiency of sampling can be improved by Rao-Blackwellization, where part of the state is marginalized out in closed form, and only the remaining part is sampled. Because the sampled space has a lower dimension, fewer particles are required. In this talk I will discuss on Rao-Blackwellization in the context of conditionally linear Gaussian models, and present efficient Rao-Blackwellized versions of previously proposed particle smoothers.. This talk is part of the Signal Processing and Communications Lab Seminars series.. ...
http://www.talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/34752
BayesLinear - Linear Gaussian model estimated using MCMC - EViews.comBayesLinear - Linear Gaussian model estimated using MCMC - EViews.com
This thread is about the add-in BayesLinear. This add-in estimates a linear Gaussian model using Gibbs sampling. The add-in requests the user input the dependent variable and regressors. The user may select default or custom options for the priors, the number of MCMC draws, and the burn-in sample. The output is a table that reports posterior means, standard deviations, and 95% credibility intervals. In addition, histograms of the draws are displayed ...
http://forums.eviews.com/viewtopic.php?p=37976
src/HLearn/Models/Distributions/Gaussian.lhssrc/HLearn/Models/Distributions/Gaussian.lhs
end{code} \section{Algebra} We are following the homomorphic learning framework. In this section, we will concern ourselves with algebraic manipulations of fully trained Gaussian models. In particular, we will see how to convert them into other fully trained Gaussian models. %We will do this by working backwards from a known batch trainer for the Gaussian distribution. Knuth presents the %following recurrence relations in pg 232 of Vol2 AoCP: %\begin{align*} %m1_k &= m1_{k-1}+(x_k-m1_{k-1})/k\\ %m2_k &= m2_{k-1}+(x_k-m1_{k-1})/(x_k-m1_k) %\end{align*} \subsection{Semigroup} We want to construct the semigroup operation for our Gaussian distribution so that our batch trainer will be a semigroup homomorphism. That is, we want the property: \begin{spec} (train xs)(train ys) = train (xs++ys) \end{spec} To do this, we must construct appropriate definitions of ,n,, ,m1,, and ,m2, below: \begin{spec} (Gaussian na m1a m2a) (Gaussian nb m1b m2b) = Gaussian n m1 m2 \end{spec} This is a somewhat ...
http://hackage.haskell.org/package/HLearn-distributions-0.0.1.3/docs/src/HLearn-Models-Distributions-Gaussian.html
Comparison Of Bayesian Som With The Em Algorithm For Gaussian Mixtures
comparison of a bayesian som with the em algorithm for gaussian mixtures a bayesian som (bsom) [8], is proposed and applied to the unsupervised learni
http://biblioteca.universia.net/html_bura/ficha/params/title/comparison-of-bayesian-som-with-the-em-algorithm-for-gaussian/id/55198554.html
machine learning - classifiers providing probability of being correct - Cross Validatedmachine learning - classifiers providing probability of being correct - Cross Validated
Yes, there are many techniques which produce probabilities of membership.. One class of techniques is generative techniques. Instead of estimating membership given data, these estimate probability densities for each class, as well as a probability distribution on classes. For example, a Gaussian mixture model may assume that each class is a Gaussian distribution with some mean and covariance. From such a generative model, you can determine the membership probabilities in each class by a proportion $ p(i) = w_i d_i / \sum_j w_j d_j $ where $w_i$ represents the weight of class $i$ and $d_i$ represents the density of the modeled distribution for class $i$ at the input.. Logistic regression and neural networks with a logistic or softmax output also estimate probabilities of membership.. ...
https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/48225/classifiers-providing-probability-of-being-correct
Enhancing Molecular Shape Comparison by Weighted Gaussian Functions - researchr publicationEnhancing Molecular Shape Comparison by Weighted Gaussian Functions - researchr publication
Researchr is a web site for finding, collecting, sharing, and reviewing scientific publications, for researchers by researchers.. Sign up for an account to create a profile with publication list, tag and review your related work, and share bibliographies with your co-authors. ...
https://researchr.org/publication/YanLLZGX13
On singular multivariate normal distribution and its applications | [email protected]
The methods of evaluating the singular multivariate normal distribution have been commonly applied even though the complete analytical proofs are not found. Recently, those evaluation methods are shown to have some errors. In this paper we present a new approach with a complete proof for evaluating the exact two-sided percentage points of a standardized m-variate normal distribution with a singular negative product correlation structure for m = 3 and with a singular negative equi-correlated structure for m ≥ 3. The results are then applied to modify the existing procedures for estimating joint confidence intervals for multinomial proportions and for determining sample sizes. By extending the results from the multivariate normal distribution to the multivariate t-distribution with the corresponding singular correlation structure, we obtain the corrected two-sided exact critical values for the Analysis of Means for m = 4, 5 ...
http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/21419
Normal Distribution - Explained Simply (part 1) - YTPak
I describe the standard normal distribution and its properties with respect to the percentage of observations within each standard deviation. I also make reference to two key statistical demarcation points (i.e., 1.96 and 2.58) and their relationship to the normal distribution. Finally, I mention two tests that can be used to test normal distributions for statistical significance ...
https://www.ytpak.com/watch?v=xgQhefFOXrM
Normal Distribution Assignment Help - Normal Distribution Homework Help OnlineNormal Distribution Assignment Help - Normal Distribution Homework Help Online
Get 24/7 Normal Distribution Homework Help Online from experts on Transtutors.com. ✓30% discount ✓100% Cashback* ✓1076+ Normal Distribution Experts. Ask Now ! Get 100% error-free solutions at affordable prices
https://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/statistics/continuous-distributions/normal/
Projection pursuit in high dimensions | PNASProjection pursuit in high dimensions | PNAS
one of the goals is to find the matrix A and thus the projections of the data giving the independent components. If the non-Gaussian signals are extremely strong, then one may find the latent dimension k and approximate the subspace spanned by the k columns of A by projecting the data into its k top principal components. If the non-Gaussian components are weak, then the top PCA directions, which maximize the empirical variance, will fail to detect them (17, 18).. Our results are significantly stronger and imply that in the presence of weak signals, any ICA procedure would in general fail. To see this, note that the projection of x onto the subspace orthogonal to the column space of A is only due to noise. Hence, by our results, there exist, for example, 2D projections whose empirical bivariate distribution is highly non-Gaussian with seemingly independent univariate marginals. In other words, we could fit a valid non-Gaussian component model even to the purely Gaussian part of the data.. On the ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/115/37/9151
Robust Signal Detection in Non-Gaussian... | ERARobust Signal Detection in Non-Gaussian... | ERA
Signal detection in non-Gaussian noise is fundamental to design signal processing systems like decision making or information extraction....
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/613d2149-9356-4270-9155-0553814073fb
Spectral Subband Centroids for Robust Speaker Identification using Marginalization-based Missing Feature TheorySpectral Subband Centroids for Robust Speaker Identification using Marginalization-based Missing Feature Theory
View more ,Until now, marginalization-based Missing Feature Theory (MFT) for speech classification has been limited to the use of Log Spectral Subband Energies (LSSEs) as features. These features are highly correlated, thus suboptimal for classification with diagonal-covariance Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), a common classifier in marginalization-based MFT. In this paper, we propose that Spectral Subband Centroids (SSCs) are more apt for marginalization-based MFT, as they are both decorrelated and spectrally local. Our results show that SSCs as features produce a more robust marginalization-based MFT, diagonal-covariance GMM-based, Automatic Speaker Identification (ASI) system than LSSEs as features, for at all tested SNR values (with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)). It is also shown that a fully-connected Deep Neural Network (DNN) can accurately estimate the Ideal Binary Mask (IBM) used for MFT ...
https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/handle/10072/382262
Clustering patient length of stay using mixtures of Gaussian models and phase type distributions - WestminsterResearchClustering patient length of stay using mixtures of Gaussian models and phase type distributions - WestminsterResearch
Gaussian mixture distributions and Coxian phase type distributions have been popular choices model based clustering of patients length of stay data. This paper compares these models and presents an idea for a mixture distribution comprising of components of both of the above distributions. Also a mixed distribution survival tree is presented. A stroke dataset available from the English Hospital Episode Statistics database is used as a running example.. ...
http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/8840/
Normal distribution definition - Risk.netNormal distribution definition - Risk.net
A continuous probability distribution whose probability density function has a bell shape. A normal distribution is symmetric, and has zero skewness. A normal distribution is fully described with two parameters: its mean and standard deviation.
https://www.risk.net/definition/normal-distribution
Confidence intervals for the skew parameter of the skew normal distribution based on the Fisher transformation | IRIS Univ....
In this work our aim is to estimate the distribution of the maximum between variables representing the natural logarithm of the PM10 emission in two stations of the town of Cagliari in Italy in 2004. It turns out that such order statistic has a skew normal distribution with skew parameter which can be expressed as a function of the correlation coefficient between the two initial variables. The skew-normal distribution belongs to a family of distributions which includes the normal one along with an extra parameter to regulate skewness. Azzalini (1985) was the first to introduce the skew-normal distribution and studied some of its properties. Loperfido (2002) showed that the distribution of the maximum between two standardized correlated normal variables, with correlation coefficient rho, is Skew-Normal with parameter lambda which depend of the correlation coefficient rho. In this specific case we show how is possible, using some theoretical results involving the correlation coefficient, to find ...
https://iris.unica.it/handle/11584/105904
probability - Distribution of the ratio of dependent magnitude square of complex Gaussians - Cross Validatedprobability - Distribution of the ratio of dependent magnitude square of complex Gaussians - Cross Validated
Assume that $X=X_1 + X_2 +...+X_n$, where $X_i \sim CN(0,\sigma^2)$ and independent. Here $CN$ means circular complex Gaussian.. The question is, what is the distribution for. $Z = \frac{\left,X\right,^2}{\left,X_1\right,^2 + \left,X_2\right,^2+...+\left,X_n\right,^2}$. How can we benefit from the results obtained here: Distribution of the ratio of dependent chi-square random variables. ...
https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/137192/distribution-of-the-ratio-of-dependent-magnitude-square-of-complex-gaussians?noredirect=1
Nuit Blanche: Sparse Solutions to Nonnegative Linear Systems and ApplicationsNuit Blanche: Sparse Solutions to Nonnegative Linear Systems and Applications
We then present a natural application to learning mixture models in the PAC framework. For learning a mixture of k axis-aligned Gaussians in d dimensions, we give an algorithm that outputs a mixture of O(k/ϵ3) Gaussians that is ϵ-close in statistical distance to the true distribution, without any separation assumptions. The time and sample complexity is roughly O(kd/ϵ3)d. This is polynomial when d is constant -- precisely the regime in which known methods fail to identify the components efficiently ...
http://nuit-blanche.blogspot.com/2015/01/sparse-solutions-to-nonnegative-linear.html
Hyperphronesis: September 2019Hyperphronesis: September 2019
Using the result above, let us evaluate \[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-ax^2+bx+c}dx \] This is easily done by completing the square: \(-ax^2+bx+c=-a\left ( x-\tfrac{b}{2a} \right )^2+\tfrac{b^2}{4a}+c\). This immediately gives \[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-ax^2+bx+c}dx=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-a\left ( x-\tfrac{b}{2a} \right )^2+\tfrac{b^2}{4a}+c}dx=e^{\tfrac{b^2}{4a}+c}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-au^2}du \] \[ \bbox[5px,border:2px solid red] { \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-ax^2+bx+c}dx=e^{\tfrac{b^2}{4a}+c}\sqrt{\pi/a} } \] Based on this, we can easily find: \[ \bbox[5px,border:2px solid red] { \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}g_{\mu,\sigma^2}(x)e^{t x}dx=e^{\mu t+\tfrac{1}{2}\sigma^2t^2} } \] This is the same as the moment generating function for a Gaussian distribution. Several results can be deduced from this. For instance, the Fourier transform of a Gaussian function: \[ \bbox[5px,border:2px solid red] { \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}g_{\mu,\sigma^2}(x)e^{-i\omega ...
https://www.hyperphronesis.com/2019/09/
R help - Normal distribution (Lillie.test())
Normal distribution (Lillie.test()). Hi all, I have a dataset of 2000 numbers ( its noise measured with a scoop ) Now i want to know of my data is normal distributed (Gaussian distribution). I...
http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Normal-distribution-Lillie-test-td1565083.html
Plus itPlus it
The use of a reference population to derive a reference interval is as old as clinical chemistry itself. The underlying concept is that the patient with disease will be distinguishable from individuals who are healthy, as the test results will fall outside the reference interval or normal range. This concept has a degree of validity when the analyte in question has a Gaussian distribution and there is a clear association between an abnormal result and a symptomatic disease state. For many analytes, the situation is more complicated. The distribution of the reference population may be non-Gaussian and the distinction between health and disease more nuanced. An example of this is cholesterol where the overlap between those with and without cardiovascular disease is marked, even in individuals with the extreme phenotype resulting from familial hypercholesterolemia (1). Use of patient self-reference (using the patient as their own normal) overcomes the problem of broad non-Gaussian reference ...
http://jalm.aaccjnls.org/content/1/6/605
CRAN - Package HDclassifCRAN - Package HDclassif
Discriminant analysis and data clustering methods for high dimensional data, based on the assumption that high-dimensional data live in different subspaces with low dimensionality proposing a new parametrization of the Gaussian mixture model which combines the ideas of dimension reduction and constraints on the model.. ...
https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/HDclassif/
A Logistic Approximation to The Cumulative Normal Distribution by Shannon R. Bowling, Mohammad T. Khasawneh et al.A Logistic Approximation to The Cumulative Normal Distribution by Shannon R. Bowling, Mohammad T. Khasawneh et al.
This paper develops a logistic approximation to the cumulative normal distribution. Although the literature contains a vast collection of approximate functions for the normal distribution, they are very complicated, not very accurate, or valid for only a limited range. This paper proposes an enhanced approximate function. When comparing the proposed function to other approximations studied in the literature, it can be observed that the proposed logistic approximation has a simpler functional form and that it gives higher accuracy, with the maximum error of less than 0.00014 for the entire range. This is, to the best of the authors knowledge, the lowest level of error reported in the literature. The proposed logistic approximate function may be appealing to researchers, practitioners and educators given its functional simplicity and mathematical accuracy.
https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/emse_fac_pubs/7/
Example 2.1: Fitting a Normal DistributionExample 2.1: Fitting a Normal Distribution
The NORMAL option requests the fitted curve. The VAXIS= option specifies the AXIS statement controlling the vertical axis. The AXIS1 statement is used to rotate the vertical axis label Cumulative Percent. The INSET statement requests an inset containing the mean, the standard deviation, and the percent of observations below the lower specification limit. For more information about the INSET statement, see Chapter 5, INSET Statement . The SPEC statement requests a lower specification limit at 6.8 with a line type of 2 (a dashed line). For more information about the SPEC statement, see Syntax for the SPEC Statement . The agreement between the empirical and the normal distribution functions in Output 2.1.1 is evidence that the normal distribution is an appropriate model for the distribution of breaking strengths. The CAPABILITY procedure provides a variety of other tools for assessing goodness of fit. Goodness-of-fit tests (see Printed Output ) provide a quantitative assessment of a proposed ...
http://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/qc/chap2/sect8.htm
Download PDF Gaussian processes by Takeyuki Hida Ebook
1. Foundations of probability theory and limit theorems; 2. Systems of Gaussian random variables; 3. Stationary Gaussian processes and their representations; 4. Canonical representation of Gaussian processes{rm: }general theory and multiplicity; 5. Multiple Markov Gaussian processes; 6. Equivalence of Gaussian processes; 7.
https://kafehusahobij.naba-hairstreak.com/gaussian-processes-book-34148cw.php
A non-Gaussian LCMV beamformer for MEG source reconstruction - Oxford Neuroscience
Evidence suggests that magnetoencephalogram (MEG) data have characteristics with non-Gaussian distribution, however, standard methods for source localisation assume Gaussian behaviour. We present a new general method for non-Gaussian source estimation of stationary signals for localising brain activity in the MEG data. By providing a Bayesian formulation for linearly constraint minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer, we extend this approach and show that how the source probability density function (pdf), which is not necessarily Gaussian, can be estimated. The proposed non-Gaussian beamformer is shown to give better spatial estimates than the LCMV beamformer, in both simulations incorporating non-Gaussian signal and in real MEG measurements. © 2013 IEEE.
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/444768
Multi-level visualisation using Gaussian process latent variable models - Research Explorer : Aston UniversityMulti-level visualisation using Gaussian process latent variable models - Research Explorer : Aston University
Projection of a high-dimensional dataset onto a two-dimensional space is a useful tool to visualise structures and relationships in the dataset. However, a single two-dimensional visualisation may not display all the intrinsic structure. Therefore, hierarchical/multi-level visualisation methods have been used to extract more detailed understanding of the data. Here we propose a multi-level Gaussian process latent variable model (MLGPLVM). MLGPLVM works by segmenting data (with e.g. K-means, Gaussian mixture model or interactive clustering) in the visualisation space and then fitting a visualisation model to each subset. To measure the quality of multi-level visualisation (with respect to parent and child models), metrics such as trustworthiness, continuity, mean relative rank errors, visualisation distance distortion and the negative log-likelihood per point are used. We evaluate the MLGPLVM approach on the Oil Flow dataset and a dataset of protein electrostatic potentials for the Major ...
https://research.aston.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/multilevel-visualisation-using-gaussian-process-latent-variable-models
Method and System for Video Coding with Noise Filtering - Patent applicationMethod and System for Video Coding with Noise Filtering - Patent application
0041] Process 400 can begin at block 410 by receiving a video frame from a video source, such as an imaging device. At block 420, process 400 applies a Gaussian mixture model for excluding static background images and images with semantically insignificant motion (e.g., a flag waving in the wind). In this Gaussian mixture model, N Gaussian models are selected for each pixel and the current pixel is classified to be a foreground pixel or background pixel based on the probability of the model that the current pixel fits best. If a model appears more frequently than other models, the pixel will be classified as a background pixel; otherwise, the pixel will be classified as a foreground pixel. The foreground pixels are grouped into objects and tracked through frames to filter out various noise. At block 430, the foreground motion pixels are grouped into blobs by utilizing a connected component analysis method. At block 440, the labeled blobs are tracked in a plurality of consecutive frames. At block ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20130170557
Calibration of mox gas sensors in open sampling systems based on gaussian processesCalibration of mox gas sensors in open sampling systems based on gaussian processes
Calibration of metal oxide (MOX) gas sensor for continuous monitoring is a complex problem due to the highly dynamic characteristics of the gas sensor signal when exposed to natural environment (Open Sampling System - OSS). This work presents a probabilistic approach to the calibration of a MOX gas sensor based on Gaussian Processes (GP). The proposed approach estimates for every sensor measurement a probability distribution of the gas concentration. This enables the calculation of confidence intervals for the predicted concentrations. This is particularly important since exact calibration is hard to obtain due to the chaotic nature that dominates gas dispersal. The proposed approach has been tested with an experimental setup where an array of MOX sensors and a Photo Ionization Detector (PID) are placed downwind w.r.t. the gas source. The PID is used to obtain ground truth concentration. Comparison with standard calibration methods demonstrates the advantage of the proposed approach.. ...
http://oru.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A618182&c=1586&searchType=SIMPLE&language=en&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22organisationId%22%3A%229906%22%7D%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all
Metamodel-based sensitivity analysis: polynomial chaos expansions and Gaussian processes - Archive ouverte HALMetamodel-based sensitivity analysis: polynomial chaos expansions and Gaussian processes - Archive ouverte HAL
Global sensitivity analysis is now established as a powerful approach for determining the key random input parameters that drive the uncertainty of model output predictions. Yet the classical computation of the so-called Sobol indices is based on Monte Carlo simulation, which is not af- fordable when computationally expensive models are used, as it is the case in most applications in engineering and applied sciences. In this respect metamodels such as polynomial chaos expansions (PCE) and Gaussian processes (GP) have received tremendous attention in the last few years, as they allow one to replace the original, taxing model by a surrogate which is built from an experimental design of limited size. Then the surrogate can be used to compute the sensitivity indices in negligible time. In this chapter an introduction to each technique is given, with an emphasis on their strengths and limitations in the context of global sensitivity analysis. In particular, Sobol (resp. total Sobol) indices can be
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01428947
A merging algorithm for Gaussian mixture componentsA merging algorithm for Gaussian mixture components
Downloadable! In finite mixture model clustering, each component of the fitted mixture is usually associated with a cluster. In other words, each component of the mixture is interpreted as the probability distribution of the variables of interest conditionally on the membership to a given cluster. The Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is very popular in this context for its simplicity and flexibility. It may happen, however, that the components of the fitted model are not well separated. In such a circumstance, the number of clusters is often overestimated and a better clustering could be obtained by joining some subsets of the partition based on the fitted GMM. Some methods for the aggregation of mixture components have been recently proposed in the literature. In this work, we propose a hierarchical aggregation algorithm based on a generalisation of the definition of silhouette-width taking into account the Mahalanobis distances induced by the precison matrices of the components of the fitted GMM. The
https://ideas.repec.org/p/ven/wpaper/201304.html
Is dBB reproducing quantum results ? | Physics Forums - The Fusion of Science and CommunityIs dBB reproducing quantum results ? | Physics Forums - The Fusion of Science and Community
The measurement changes the wave function, in both standard QM and dBB. If you measure the position at time t, then the wide Gaussian at t splits into a large number of narrow non-overlaping Gaussians at t+delta t, where delta t is time during which the measurement-causing interaction takes place. During the time delta t, the particle in dBB ends up in one and only one of these narrow Gaussians. Once the particle ends up in one of these Gaussians, the other narrow Gaussians do not longer influence the motion of the particle. From the point of view of the particle, it is effectively the same as if the wave function collapsed to the narrow Gaussian. Thats how dBB explans the illusion of wave function collapse, without the actual collapse ...
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/is-dbb-reproducing-quantum-results.685269/
talks.cam : Generalised Particle Filters with Gaussian Mixturestalks.cam : Generalised Particle Filters with Gaussian Mixtures
If you have a question about this talk, please contact Mustapha Amrani.. Advanced Monte Carlo Methods for Complex Inference Problems. Stochastic filtering is defined as the estimation of a partially observed dynamical system. A massive scientific and computational effort has been dedicated to the development of numerical methods for approximating the solution of the filtering problem. Approximating with Gaussian mixtures has been very popular since the 1970s, however the existing work is only based on the success of the numerical implementation and is not theoretically justified.. We fill this gap and conduct a rigorous analysis of a new Gaussian mixture approximation to the solution of the filtering problem. In particular, we construct the corresponding approximating algorithm, deduce the L2-convergence rate and prove a central limit type theorem for the approximating system. In addition, we show a numerical example to illustrate some features of this algorithm. This is joint work with Dan ...
https://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/52186
Fixed echo rejection in sodar using non-coherent matched filter detection and Gaussian mixture model based post-processing -...Fixed echo rejection in sodar using non-coherent matched filter detection and Gaussian mixture model based post-processing -...
Access Information: © Copyright 2019 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be fair use under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108) does not require the AMSs permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a website or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. All AMS journals and monograph publications are registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (http://www.copyright.com). Questions about permission to use materials for which AMS holds the copyright can also be directed to [email protected] Additional details ...
http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/48950/?template=banner
Tail probabilities of gaussian suprema and Laplace transformTail probabilities of gaussian suprema and Laplace transform
1] R.J. Adler, An Introduction to Continuity, Extrema and Related Topics for General Gaussian Processes. Lecture Notes of Inst. Math. Stat., Vol. 12, IMS, Hayword, 1990. , MR 1088478 , Zbl 0747.60039 [2] V.A. Dmitrowskii, On the Integrability of the Maximum and Conditions of Continuity and Local Properties of Gaussian Fields. In Grigelionis B. (Ed.), Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics, Proceedings 5-th Vilnius Conference, VSP/Mokslas, Vilnius, Vol. 1, 1990, pp. 271-284. , Zbl 0726.60052 [3] V. Dobrič, M.B. Marcus and M. Weber, The Distribution of Large Values of the Supremum of a Gaussian Process, Astérisque, Vol. 157-158, 1988, pp. 95-127. , MR 976215 , Zbl 0659.60061 [4] R.M. Dudley, Sample Functions of Gaussian Processes, Ann. Probab., Vol. 1, 1973, pp. 66-103. , MR 346884 , Zbl 0261.60033 [5] A. Ehrhard, Symetrisation dans lespace de Gauss, Math. Scand., Vol. 53, 1983, pp. 281-301. , MR 745081 , Zbl 0542.60003 [6] X. Fernique, Regularité des trajectoires des fonctions ...
http://www.numdam.org/item/AIHPB_1994__30_2_163_0/
Normal Distribution » TABMathletics
Editors Note: In this section, Ill break down some of the key aspects in probability theory that shape the basis for this website. First, I look at the basic concept behind normal distribution. Please note these explanations wont be 100% up to mathematical textbook standards, simply because these explanations need to be shaped into a sports context. If there are any concerns or criticisms about the process of applying probability theory into a sports context, please contact me at [email protected] Pivotal to statistical analysis, normal distribution gets relatively overlooked by the stats freaks. Thats quite a surprise, considering that normal distribution can may be one of the best assets to any analyst looking to make a projection based on years of statistical research.. Fan graphs uses normal distribution to help build a range for their player projections, which is absolutely helpful in their process of making player projections for each MLB season. Meanwhile, there is some normal ...
http://tabmathletics.com/tabmathletics/normaldistribution/
NLP group | Unsupervised Dialogue Act Induction using Gaussian MixturesNLP group | Unsupervised Dialogue Act Induction using Gaussian Mixtures
This paper introduces a new unsupervised approach for dialogue act induction. Given the sequence of dialogue utterances, the task is to assign them the labels representing their function in the dialogue. Utterances are represented as real-valued vectors encoding their meaning. We model the dialogue as Hidden Markov model with emission probabilities estimated by Gaussian mixtures. We use Gibbs sampling for posterior inference. We present the results on the standard Switchboard-DAMSL corpus. Our algorithm achieves promising results compared with strong supervised baselines and outperforms other unsupervised algorithms ...
http://nlp.kiv.zcu.cz/publication/92
Gaussian fitting for carotid and radial artery pressure waveforms: comparison between normal subjects and heart failure...Gaussian fitting for carotid and radial artery pressure waveforms: comparison between normal subjects and heart failure...
It has been reported that Gaussian functions could accurately and reliably model both carotid and radial artery pressure waveforms (CAPW and RAPW). However, the physiological relevance of the characteristic features from the modeled Gaussian function
https://content.iospress.com/articles/bio-medical-materials-and-engineering/bme808
Chapter 6 - CHAPTER 6 STANDARD DEVIATION THE NORMAL MODEL Chapter 6 What is a normal distribution The normal distribution is...Chapter 6 - CHAPTER 6 STANDARD DEVIATION THE NORMAL MODEL Chapter 6 What is a normal distribution The normal distribution is...
View Notes - Chapter 6 from STT 200 at Michigan State University. CHAPTER 6: STANDARD DEVIATION & THE NORMAL MODEL Chapter 6. What is a normal distribution? The normal distribution is pattern for
https://www.coursehero.com/file/6865635/Chapter-6/
Various Consequences: Gaussian Processes for Machine LearningVarious Consequences: Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning
The book deals with the supervised-learning problem for both regression and classification, and includes detailed algorithms. A wide variety of covariance (kernel) functions are presented and their properties discussed. Model selection is discussed both from a Bayesian and a classical perspective. Many connections to other well-known techniques from machine learning and statistics are discussed, including support-vector machines, neural networks, splines, regularization networks, relevance vector machines and others. Theoretical issues including learning curves and the PAC-Bayesian framework are treated, and several approximation methods for learning with large datasets are discussed. The book contains illustrative examples and exercises, and code and datasets are available on the Web. Appendixes provide mathematical background and a discussion of Gaussian Markov processes ...
http://www.variousconsequences.com/2014/12/gaussian-processes-for-machine-learning.html
Energies | Free Full-Text | A Dedicated Mixture Model for Clustering Smart Meter Data: Identification and Analysis of...Energies | Free Full-Text | A Dedicated Mixture Model for Clustering Smart Meter Data: Identification and Analysis of...
The large amount of data collected by smart meters is a valuable resource that can be used to better understand consumer behavior and optimize electricity consumption in cities. This paper presents an unsupervised classification approach for extracting typical consumption patterns from data generated by smart electric meters. The proposed approach is based on a constrained Gaussian mixture model whose parameters vary according to the day type (weekday, Saturday or Sunday). The proposed methodology is applied to a real dataset of Irish households collected by smart meters over one year. For each cluster, the model provides three consumption profiles that depend on the day type. In the first instance, the model is applied on the electricity consumption of users during one month to extract groups of consumers who exhibit similar consumption behaviors. The clustering results are then crossed with contextual variables available for the households to show the close links between electricity consumption and
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/10/1446/htm
Multi-Task Preference Learning with an Application to Hearing-Aid PersonalizationMulti-Task Preference Learning with an Application to Hearing-Aid Personalization
Autori: Adriana Birlutiu, Perry Groot and Tom Heskes. Editorial: Elsevier, Neurocomputing, 73, p.1177-1185, 2010.. Rezumat:. We present an EM-algorithm for the problem of learning preferences with semiparametric models derived from Gaussian processes in the context of multi-task learning. We validate our approach on an audiological data set and show that predictive results for sound quality perception of hearing-impaired subjects, in the context of pairwise comparison experiments, can be improved using a hierarchical model.. Cuvinte cheie: preference learning, multi-task learning, hierarchical modeling, Gaussian processes. URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925231210000251. ...
http://ad-astra.ro/2011/02/02/multi-task-preference-learning-with-an-application-to-hearing-aid-personalization/
Modeling Variability of Musculoskeletal Systems with Heteroscedastic Gaussian Processes | Max Planck Institute for Intelligent...Modeling Variability of Musculoskeletal Systems with Heteroscedastic Gaussian Processes | Max Planck Institute for Intelligent...
Our goal is to understand the principles of Perception, Action and Learning in autonomous systems that successfully interact with complex environments and to use this understanding to design future systems.
http://is.tuebingen.mpg.de/publications/nips-2016-workshop-on-neurorobotics
Difference of Gaussians revolved along elliptical paths for ultrasound fetal head segmentation - Nuffield Department of Womens...
We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click Continue well assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you wont see this message again. Click Find out more for information on how to change your cookie settings ...
https://www.wrh.ox.ac.uk/publications/492441
DecAug: Augmenting HOI Detection via Decomposition | Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial IntelligenceDecAug: Augmenting HOI Detection via Decomposition | Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Human-object interaction (HOI) detection requires a large amount of annotated data. Current algorithms suffer from insufficient training samples and category imbalance within datasets. To increase data efficiency, in this paper, we propose an efficient and effective data augmentation method called DecAug for HOI detection. Based on our proposed object state similarity metric, object patterns across different HOIs are shared to augment local object appearance features without changing their states. Further, we shift spatial correlation between humans and objects to other feasible configurations with the aid of a pose-guided Gaussian Mixture Model while preserving their interactions. Experiments show that our method brings up to 3.3 mAP and 1.6 mAP improvements on V-COCO and HICO-DET dataset for two advanced models. Specifically, interactions with fewer samples enjoy more notable improvement. Our method can be easily integrated into various HOI detection models with negligible extra computational ...
https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/16218
Identification of expressed genes linked to malignancy of human colorectal carcinoma by parametric clustering of quantitative...Identification of expressed genes linked to malignancy of human colorectal carcinoma by parametric clustering of quantitative...
Individual human carcinomas have distinct biological and clinical properties: gene-expression profiling is expected to unveil the underlying molecular features. Particular interest has been focused on potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Solid tumors, such as colorectal carcinoma, present additional obstacles for experimental and data analysis. We analyzed the expression levels of 1,536 genes in 100 colorectal cancer and 11 normal tissues using adaptor-tagged competitive PCR, a high-throughput reverse transcription-PCR technique. A parametric clustering method using the Gaussian mixture model and the Bayes inference revealed three groups of expressed genes. Two contained large numbers of genes. One of these groups correlated well with both the differences between tumor and normal tissues and the presence or absence of distant metastasis, whereas the other correlated only with the tumor/normal difference. The third group comprised a small number of genes. Approximately half showed an
https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gb-2003-4-3-r21
A Goodness-of-Fit Test for Multivariate Normal Distribution Using Modified Squared Distance | Korea ScienceA Goodness-of-Fit Test for Multivariate Normal Distribution Using Modified Squared Distance | Korea Science
A Goodness-of-Fit Test for Multivariate Normal Distribution Using Modified Squared Distance - Multivariate normal distribution;goodness-of-fit test;empirical distribution function;modified squared distance;
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=GCGHC8_2012_v19n4_607
Patent US6519561 - Model adaptation of neural tree networks and other fused models for speaker ... - Google PatentsPatent US6519561 - Model adaptation of neural tree networks and other fused models for speaker ... - Google Patents
The model adaptation system of the present invention is a speaker verification system that embodies the capability to adapt models learned during the enrollment component to track aging of a users voice. The system has the advantage of only requiring a single enrollment for the user. The model adaptation system and methods can be applied to several types of speaker recognition models including neural tree networks (NTN), Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), and dynamic time warping (DTW) or to multiple models (i.e., combinations of NTNs, GMMs and DTW). Moreover, the present invention can be applied to text-dependent or text-independent systems.
http://www.google.ca/patents/US6519561
A-priori Fisher Information of Nonlinear State Space Models for Experiment Design - Institute of Assembly Technology - Leibniz...A-priori Fisher Information of Nonlinear State Space Models for Experiment Design - Institute of Assembly Technology - Leibniz...
This article presents advances in optimal experiment design, which are intended to improve the parameter identiï¬ cation of nonlinear state space models. Instead of using a sequence of samples from one or just a few coherent sequences, the idea of identifying nonlinear dynamic models at distinct points in the state space is considered. In this way, the placement of the experiment points is fully flexible with respect to the set of reachable points. Also, a method for model-based generation of prediction errors is proposed, which is used to compute an a-priori estimate of the sample covariance of the prediction error. This covariance matrix may be used to approximate the Fisher information matrix a-priori. The availability of the Fisher matrix a-priori is a prerequisite for experiment optimization with respect to covariance in the parameter estimates. This work is driven by the problem of parameter identiï¬ - cation of hydraulic models. There are methods for hydraulic systems regarding ...
https://www.match.uni-hannover.de/en/research/publications/publication-detail/?tx_t3luhpublications_publications%5Bpublication%5D=4245&tx_t3luhpublications_publications%5Baction%5D=show&tx_t3luhpublications_publications%5Bcontroller%5D=Publication
Normal Distribution : Finding the mean and standard deviation : ExamSolutions | Learning Material | NoodleNormal Distribution : Finding the mean and standard deviation : ExamSolutions | Learning Material | Noodle
Get an in-depth review and ask questions about Normal Distribution : Finding the mean and standard deviation : ExamSolutions. See what people are saying about Normal Distribution : Finding the mean and standard deviation : ExamSolutions.
https://www.noodle.com/learn/details/157167/normal-distribution-finding-the-mean-and-standard-deviation-examsolutions
Scipy-tickets] [SciPy] #1614: logcdf function of normal distribution (scipy.stats) can not handle a wide enough range of values
1614: logcdf function of normal distribution (scipy.stats) can not handle a wide enough range of values -------------------------------------+-------------------------------------- Reporter: andrewschein , Owner: somebody Type: defect , Status: new Priority: normal , Milestone: Unscheduled Component: scipy.stats , Version: devel Keywords: normal distribution cdf , -------------------------------------+-------------------------------------- Comment(by andrewschein): A cursory glance of the R source code indicates that the log.p is implemented by taking the log() of the CDF (as opposed to some direct computation). The comments in the R code state: {{{ * The _both , lower, upper, and log_p variants were added by * Martin Maechler, Jan.2000; * as well as log1p() and similar improvements later on. }}} It is possible that more than mere interface changes went into the work of implementing log_p, and this could explain the results that follow. Since it appears that the cdflib directory is not fully ...
https://mail.scipy.org/pipermail/scipy-tickets/2012-March/005054.html
Normal distribution graph twoway
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http://hastati.tk/normal-distribution-graph-twoway
RetroChallenge Day 22 - Post 9 - Using Graphics to Plot Normal Distributions and Menus | traidna - RetroChallenge 2017/04RetroChallenge Day 22 - Post 9 - Using Graphics to Plot Normal Distributions and Menus | traidna - RetroChallenge 2017/04
During this past week I have been learning use graphics in Kyan Pascal on the Atari 800 emulator Altirra. A program to plot three overlapping normal distribution plots was written and it can illustrate the shift in mean or difference in spread of the plot of a normal distribution, given the mean and standard deviation…
https://traidna.wordpress.com/2017/04/22/retrochallenge-day-22-post-9-using-graphics-to-plot-normal-distributions-and-menus/
Normal distribution graphing calculator
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http://hastati.tk/normal-distribution-graphing-calculator
Bayesian forecasting of mortality rates by using latent Gaussian models - ePrints SotonBayesian forecasting of mortality rates by using latent Gaussian models - ePrints Soton
We provide forecasts for mortality rates by using two different approaches. First we employ dynamic non-linear logistic models based on the Heligman-Pollard formula. Second, we assume that the dynamics of the mortality rates can be modelled through a Gaussian Markov random field. We use efficient Bayesian methods to estimate the parameters and the latent states of the models proposed. Both methodologies are tested with past data and are used to forecast mortality rates both for large (UK and Wales) and small (New Zealand) populations up to 21 years ahead. We demonstrate that predictions for individual survivor functions and other posterior summaries of demographic and actuarial interest are readily obtained. Our results are compared with other competing forecasting methods. ...
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/426656/
Improved sqrt-cosine similarity measurement | Journal of Big Data | Full TextImproved sqrt-cosine similarity measurement | Journal of Big Data | Full Text
Block distance, which is also known as Manhattan distance, computes the distance that would be traveled to get from one data point to the other if a grid-like path is followed. The Block distance between two items is the sum of the differences of their corresponding components [6]. Euclidean distance, or L2 distance, is the square root of the sum of squared differences between corresponding elements of the two vectors. Matching coefficient is a very simple vector based approach which simply counts the number of similar terms (dimensions), with which both vectors are non-zero. Overlap coefficient considers two strings as a full match if one is a subset of the other [7]. Gaussian model is a probabilistic model which can be used to characterize a group of feature vectors of any number of dimensions with two values, a mean vector, and a covariance matrix. The Gaussian model is one way of calculating the conditional probability [8]. Traditional spectral clustering algorithms typically use a Gaussian ...
https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40537-017-0083-6
pr.probability - Gaussian distributions as fixed points in Some distribution space - MathOverflowpr.probability - Gaussian distributions as fixed points in Some distribution space - MathOverflow
Indeed, as J.C. said this has to do with the renormalization group (RG) which in the present context is a transformation $\mu\rightarrow \mu\ast\mu$ followed by rescaling by $\sqrt{2}$ to keep the variance the same. The orbits are the trajectories or sequences of iterates of a given probability measure by that RG transformation. The standard Gaussian is an attractive fixed point to which all these trajectories converge. This is one way to understand the central limit theorem. See this MO question for more info on this and in particular the paper by Anshelevich mentioned in the comment therein by Yemon Choi.. Also, one of the first references in this circle of ideas is the article The renormalization group: A probabilistic view by Jona-Lasinio. Finally you can find more explanations about the RG in my answer to this MO question.. ...
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/191791/gaussian-distributions-as-fixed-points-in-some-distribution-space?noredirect=1
A unified probability expression on inverse Gaussian distribution in a hierarchical form and its application to the state...A unified probability expression on inverse Gaussian distribution in a hierarchical form and its application to the state...
In the theoretical framework of the analysis of stochastic systems, statistical methodologies for random fluctuations have been proposed based on the inver
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/239012/?reload=true&arnumber=239012&contentType=Conference+Publications
Normal Distribution (Engineering Statistics Handbook) | CAUSEwebNormal Distribution (Engineering Statistics Handbook) | CAUSEweb
This section of the Engineering Statistics Handbook gives the normal probability density function as well as the standard normal distribution equations. Example graphs of the distributions are shown and a justification of the Central Limit Theorem is included ...
https://www.causeweb.org/cause/resources/library/r31
R] Simulating from a Multivariate Normal Distribution Using a Correlation MatrixR] Simulating from a Multivariate Normal Distribution Using a Correlation Matrix
Short answer: to know a MVN distribution you need to know the mean vector and the covariance matrix. If you dont know a distribution you cannot simulate from it. So you need to know the marginal variances (the diagonal of the covariance matrix). If you have those, you can form the covariance matrix and use rmvnorm or mvrnorm. If you are willing to assume they are one, you have the covariance (= correlation matrix). If you dont know the marginal variances the problem is incompletely specified. On Fri, 25 Jun 2004, Matthew David Sylvester wrote: , Hello, , I would like to simulate randomly from a multivariate normal distribution using a correlation , matrix, rho. I do not have sigma. I have searched the help archive and the R documentation as , well as doing a standard google search. What I have seen is that one can either use rmvnorm in , the package: mvtnorm or mvrnorm in the package: MASS. I believe I read somewhere that the latter , was more robust. I have seen conflicting (or at least ...
https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2004-June/053387.html
Find a best fitting curve for some data with no regular pattern - Mathematica Stack ExchangeFind a best fitting curve for some data with no regular pattern - Mathematica Stack Exchange
Functions are like vectors. Actually you can define a vector space over functions. We can describe any vector in terms of 3 independent vector which may not be orthogonal to each other. Similarly, you can fit a function in terms of other linearly independent functions. The easiest case is fitting to a polynomial of order n. Depending on how well your data can be fit you can set n. Another example is fitting to a series of Sine and Cose functions(Discrete Fourier transform). One other example is fitting to Gaussian functions with different mean and standard deviation.. ...
https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/30492/find-a-best-fitting-curve-for-some-data-with-no-regular-pattern
Fast calculation of electro thermo static and elasticity fields in 3D-medium with isolated inclusions using application of...Fast calculation of electro thermo static and elasticity fields in 3D-medium with isolated inclusions using application of...
The problem of calculation of electro and thermo static fields in an infinite homogeneous medium with a heterogeneous isolated inclusion (Kanaun et al) has shown to be reduced to the solution of integral equations for the fields inside the inclusion using Gaussian functions (V. Mazya) for the approximation of the unknown fields. Using this approach coefficients of the matrix of the discretized system will be obtained in closed analytical forms.
http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/videos/fast-calculation-electro-thermo-static-and-elasticity-fields-3d-medium-isolated-inclusions
Self-organizing map - WikipediaSelf-organizing map - Wikipedia
where s is the step index, t an index into the training sample, u is the index of the BMU for the input vector D(t), α(s) is a monotonically decreasing learning coefficient; Θ(u, v, s) is the neighborhood function which gives the distance between the neuron u and the neuron v in step s.[11] Depending on the implementations, t can scan the training data set systematically (t is 0, 1, 2...T-1, then repeat, T being the training samples size), be randomly drawn from the data set (bootstrap sampling), or implement some other sampling method (such as jackknifing). The neighborhood function Θ(u, v, s) depends on the grid-distance between the BMU (neuron u) and neuron v. In the simplest form, it is 1 for all neurons close enough to BMU and 0 for others, but a Gaussian function is a common choice, too. Regardless of the functional form, the neighborhood function shrinks with time.[9] At the beginning when the neighborhood is broad, the self-organizing takes place on the global scale. When the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-organizing_map
GUPEA: A note on the first moment of extreme order statistics from the normal distributionGUPEA: A note on the first moment of extreme order statistics from the normal distribution
In this note some well known asymptotic results for moments of order statistics from the normal distribution are treated. The results originates from the work of Cramér. A bias correction for finite sample sizes is proposed for the expected value of the largest observation ...
https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/3092
normal distributionnormal distribution
The graphs might be a little bit overkill, but its cool all the different ways you can visualize the this simple data. The number of pitches is distributed normally with a skew left. This skew occurs because there are instances when the pitcher has a bad day and gets pulled really early. To account for this, I excluded any outing that didnt have more than 50 pitches. We will consider these as rare events, which we shouldnt try to use in our prediction. The idea of the game is to hit the exact pitch count, and this would preclude a rare event from being factored in. I also used the median number of pitches instead of the average number of pitches for the same reason. We want to consistently pick numbers which are the most likely to get hit, not to try to predict every game.. The idea of using the median over the mean is important when there is a skew to the normal distribution of the data. This is important for something like income. There is a huge skew for incomes across the entire US ...
http://stats.seandolinar.com/tag/normal-distribution/
Visual C++ Log Normal DistributionVisual C++ Log Normal Distribution
hey, now i using the Visual Studio 2010 C++ i would like to random generate a number from log normal distribution, but so far i only know to random ge
https://cboard.cprogramming.com/cplusplus-programming/146960-visual-cplusplus-log-normal-distribution.html
MDM4U Practising with the Normal Distribution - 2016-01-14 - Mr. Grasleys ClassesMDM4U Practising with the Normal Distribution - 2016-01-14 - Mr. Grasleys Classes
I handed out the following page today: Normal Distribution Practice Complete it for homework. Note that the table in your textbook only goes to z-scores up to +/-2.99, so there are a couple of probabilities you wont be able to find (sorry about that).
https://mrgrasley.wordpress.com/2016/01/14/mdm4u-practising-with-the-normal-distribution-2016-01-14/
Normal distributionNormal distribution
The simplest case of a normal distribution is known as the standard normal distribution or unit normal distribution. This is a ... The normal distribution is a subclass of the elliptical distributions. The normal distribution is symmetric about its mean, and ... and Distributions modeled as normal - the normal distribution being the distribution with maximum entropy for a given mean and ... Measurement errors in physical experiments are often modeled by a normal distribution. This use of a normal distribution does ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution
Skew normal distributionSkew normal distribution
... the skew normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution that generalises the normal distribution to allow for non ... skew multivariate t distribution and others. The distribution is a particular case of a general class of distributions with ... Then the probability density function (pdf) of the skew-normal distribution with parameter α {\displaystyle \alpha } is given ... A stochastic process that underpins the distribution was described by Andel, Netuka and Zvara (1984). Both the distribution and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skew_normal_distribution
Truncated normal distributionTruncated normal distribution
In probability and statistics, the truncated normal distribution is the probability distribution derived from that of a ... of the untruncated normal distribution must be positive because the distribution would not be normalizable otherwise. The ... In this case the distribution cannot be interpreted as a untruncated normal conditional on a < X < b {\displaystyle a. < X < b ... Suppose X {\displaystyle X} has a normal distribution with mean μ {\displaystyle \mu } and variance σ 2 {\displaystyle \sigma ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated_normal_distribution
Log-normal distributionLog-normal distribution
The normal distribution is the log-normal distribution Expectation of Log Normal Distribution at proofwiki.org Variance of Log ... The distribution of higher-income individuals follows a Pareto distribution). If an income distribution follows a log-normal ... Equivalently, if Y has a normal distribution, then the exponential function of Y, X = exp(Y), has a log-normal distribution. A ... Normal Distribution at proofwiki.org Skewness of Log Normal Distribution at proofwiki.org Excess Kurtosis of Log Normal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-normal_distribution
Split normal distributionSplit normal distribution
The split normal distribution results from merging two halves of normal distributions. In a general case the 'parent' normal ... In probability theory and statistics, the split normal distribution also known as the two-piece normal distribution results ... of normal distributions in their common mode. The PDF of the split normal distribution is given by f ( x ; μ , σ 1 , σ 2 ) = A ... the split normal distribution reduces to normal distribution with variance σ ∗ 2 {\displaystyle \sigma _{*}^{2}} . When σ2≠σ1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_normal_distribution
Half-normal distributionHalf-normal distribution
Half-t distribution Truncated normal distribution Folded normal distribution Rectified Gaussian distribution Gelman, A. (2006 ... follows a half-normal distribution. Thus, the half-normal distribution is a fold at the mean of an ordinary normal distribution ... The truncated normal distribution, half-normal distribution, and square-root of the Gamma distribution are special cases of the ... see truncated normal distribution) If Y has a half-normal distribution, then (Y/σ)2 has a chi square distribution with 1 degree ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-normal_distribution
Matrix normal distributionMatrix normal distribution
Multivariate normal distribution A K Gupta; D K Nagar (22 October 1999). "Chapter 2: MATRIX VARIATE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION". ... In statistics, the matrix normal distribution or matrix Gaussian distribution is a probability distribution that is a ... Dawid (1981) provides a discussion of the relation of the matrix-valued normal distribution to other distributions, including ... from the matrix normal distribution is a special case of the sampling procedure for the multivariate normal distribution. Let X ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_normal_distribution
Generalized normal distributionGeneralized normal distribution
The Student-t distribution, the Irwin-Hall distribution and the Bates distribution also extend the normal distribution, and ... Complex normal distribution Skew normal distribution Griffin, Maryclare. "Working with the Exponential Power Distribution Using ... The t distribution, unlike this generalized normal distribution, obtains heavier than normal tails without acquiring a cusp at ... For example, the log-normal, folded normal, and inverse normal distributions are defined as transformations of a normally- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_normal_distribution
Logit-normal distributionLogit-normal distribution
... a logit-normal distribution is a probability distribution of a random variable whose logit has a normal distribution. If Y is a ... the distribution is bimodal. The logistic normal distribution is a generalization of the logit-normal distribution to D- ... The logistic normal distribution is a more flexible alternative to the Dirichlet distribution in that it can capture ... is the inverse cumulative distribution function of a normal distribution with mean and variance μ , σ 2 {\textstyle \mu ,\sigma ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logit-normal_distribution
Folded normal distributionFolded normal distribution
Folded cumulative distribution Half-normal distribution Modified half-normal distribution Truncated normal distribution Sun, ... The folded normal distribution is a probability distribution related to the normal distribution. Given a normally distributed ... The Rice distribution is a multivariate generalization of the folded normal distribution. The Modified Half Normal distribution ... the distribution of Y is a half-normal distribution. The random variable (Y/σ)2 has a noncentral chi-squared distribution with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folded_normal_distribution
Normal-gamma distributionNormal-gamma distribution
Multivariate continuous distributions, Conjugate prior distributions, Normal distribution). ... Here λ, α and β are parameters of the joint distribution. Then (X,T) has a normal-gamma distribution, and this is denoted by ( ... In probability theory and statistics, the normal-gamma distribution (or Gaussian-gamma distribution) is a bivariate four- ... The normal-inverse-gamma distribution is essentially the same distribution parameterized by variance rather than precision The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal-gamma_distribution
Wrapped normal distributionWrapped normal distribution
... a wrapped normal distribution is a wrapped probability distribution that results from the "wrapping" of the normal distribution ... the circular moments of the wrapped normal distribution are the characteristic function of the normal distribution evaluated at ... e iθn drawn from a wrapped normal distribution may be used to estimate certain parameters of the distribution. The average of ... which is a useful measure of dispersion for the wrapped normal distribution and its close relative, the von Mises distribution ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrapped_normal_distribution
Normal-Wishart distributionNormal-Wishart distribution
The multivariate normal distribution and Wishart distribution are the component distributions out of which this distribution is ... Multivariate continuous distributions, Conjugate prior distributions, Normal distribution). ... In probability theory and statistics, the normal-Wishart distribution (or Gaussian-Wishart distribution) is a multivariate four ... is a multivariate normal distribution. The marginal distribution over μ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\mu }}} is a multivariate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal-Wishart_distribution
Complex normal distributionComplex normal distribution
Normal distribution Multivariate normal distribution (a complex normal distribution is a bivariate normal distribution) ... Complex normal ratio distribution Directional statistics#Distribution of the mean (polar form) ... In probability theory, the family of complex normal distributions, denoted C N {\displaystyle {\mathcal {CN}}} or N C {\ ... Picinbono, Bernard (1996). "Second-order complex random vectors and normal distributions". IEEE Transactions on Signal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_normal_distribution
Multivariate normal distributionMultivariate normal distribution
... the multivariate normal distribution, multivariate Gaussian distribution, or joint normal distribution is a generalization of ... both have a normal distribution does not imply that the pair ( X , Y ) {\displaystyle (X,Y)} has a joint normal distribution. A ... has a univariate normal distribution, where a univariate normal distribution with zero variance is a point mass on its mean. ... the distribution reduces to a univariate normal distribution and the Mahalanobis distance reduces to the absolute value of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivariate_normal_distribution
Normal-inverse-gamma distributionNormal-inverse-gamma distribution
See the articles on normal-gamma distribution and conjugate prior. See the articles on normal-gamma distribution and conjugate ... The normal-inverse-Wishart distribution is a generalization of the normal-inverse-gamma distribution that is defined over ... In probability theory and statistics, the normal-inverse-gamma distribution (or Gaussian-inverse-gamma distribution) is a four- ... The normal-gamma distribution is the same distribution parameterized by precision rather than variance A generalization of this ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal-inverse-gamma_distribution
Normal-exponential-gamma distributionNormal-exponential-gamma distribution
As for the Laplace distribution, the pdf of the NEG distribution can be expressed as a mixture of normal distributions, f ( x ... In probability theory and statistics, the normal-exponential-gamma distribution (sometimes called the NEG distribution) is a ... of the normal-exponential-gamma distribution is proportional to f ( x ; μ , k , θ ) ∝ exp ⁡ ( ( x − μ ) 2 4 θ 2 ) D − 2 k − 1 ... the distribution-names should be interpreted as meaning the density functions of those distributions. Within this scale mixture ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal-exponential-gamma_distribution
Normal-inverse-Wishart distributionNormal-inverse-Wishart distribution
The multivariate normal distribution and inverse Wishart distribution are the component distributions out of which this ... Multivariate continuous distributions, Conjugate prior distributions, Normal distribution). ... In probability theory and statistics, the normal-inverse-Wishart distribution (or Gaussian-inverse-Wishart distribution) is a ... The normal-Wishart distribution is essentially the same distribution parameterized by precision rather than variance. If ( μ , ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal-inverse-Wishart_distribution
Normal-inverse Gaussian distributionNormal-inverse Gaussian distribution
The normal-inverse Gaussian distribution (NIG) is a continuous probability distribution that is defined as the normal variance- ... The normal-inverse Gaussian distribution can also be seen as the marginal distribution of the normal-inverse Gaussian process ... Hyperbolic Distributions and Distributions on Hyperbolae, Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 1978 O. Barndorff-Nielsen, Normal ... The class of normal-inverse Gaussian distributions is closed under convolution in the following sense: if X 1 {\displaystyle X ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal-inverse_Gaussian_distribution
Normal distributions transformNormal distributions transform
The normal distributions transform (NDT) is a point cloud registration algorithm introduced by Peter Biber and Wolfgang Straßer ... The algorithm registers two point clouds by first associating a piecewise normal distribution to the first point cloud, that ... 10-11, 13) Biber, Peter; Straßer, Wolfgang (2003). "The normal distributions transform: A new approach to laser scan matching ... Magnusson, Martin (2009). The three-dimensional normal-distributions transform: an efficient representation for registration, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distributions_transform
EM algorithm and GMM modelEM algorithm and GMM model
Tong, Y. L. (2 July 2020). "Multivariate normal distribution". Wikipedia. Misra, Rishabh (7 June 2020). "Inference using EM ... See Categorical distribution. The following procedure can be used to estimate ϕ , μ , Σ {\displaystyle \phi ,\mu ,\Sigma } . A ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EM_algorithm_and_GMM_model
Inverse matrix gamma distributionInverse matrix gamma distribution
matrix gamma distribution. matrix normal distribution. matrix t-distribution. Wishart distribution. Iranmanesha, Anis; Arashib ... as the conjugate prior of the covariance matrix of a multivariate normal distribution or matrix normal distribution. The ... In statistics, the inverse matrix gamma distribution is a generalization of the inverse gamma distribution to positive-definite ... M.; Tabatabaeya, S. M. M. (2010). "On Conditional Applications of Matrix Variate Normal Distribution". Iranian Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_matrix_gamma_distribution
Statistics educationStatistics education
Binomial Distribution; Poisson Distributions; Continuous Probability Distributions; The Normal Distribution; Estimation; ... The coverage of "Further Statistics" includes: Continuous Probability Distributions; Estimation; Hypothesis Testing; One Sample ... "variability is normal" and how "coincidences… are not uncommon because there are so many possibilities." Gal (2002) suggests ... approach of reasoning under the null and the restrictions of normal theory, they use comparative box plots and bootstrap to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_education
Matrix gamma distributionMatrix gamma distribution
... inverse matrix gamma distribution. matrix normal distribution. matrix t-distribution. Wishart distribution. Iranmanesh, Anis, M ... as the conjugate prior of the precision matrix of a multivariate normal distribution and matrix normal distribution. The ... In statistics, a matrix gamma distribution is a generalization of the gamma distribution to positive-definite matrices. It is a ... Arashib and S. M. M. Tabatabaey (2010). "On Conditional Applications of Matrix Variate Normal Distribution". Iranian Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_gamma_distribution
Heavy-tailed distributionHeavy-tailed distribution
Occasionally, heavy-tailed is used for any distribution that has heavier tails than the normal distribution.) The distribution ... Those that are one-tailed include: the Pareto distribution; the Log-normal distribution; the Lévy distribution; the Weibull ... The t-distribution. The skew lognormal cascade distribution. A fat-tailed distribution is a distribution for which the ... the log-logistic distribution; the log-gamma distribution; the Fréchet distribution; the q-Gaussian distribution the log-Cauchy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy-tailed_distribution
Gaussian noiseGaussian noise
... equal to that of the normal distribution (which is also known as the Gaussian distribution). In other words, the values that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_noise
Normality testNormality test
The normal distribution has the highest entropy of any distribution for a given standard deviation. There are a number of ... The empirical distribution of the data (the histogram) should be bell-shaped and resemble the normal distribution. This might ... measures how well the data are modeled by a normal distribution. For normal data the points plotted in the QQ plot should fall ... of the standardized data against the standard normal distribution. Here the correlation between the sample data and normal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normality_test
Lisa GoldbergLisa Goldberg
"Don't Risk Using Normal Distribution?". Financial Times. Anderson, Robert M.; Bianchi, Stephen W.; Goldberg, Lisa R. (November- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Goldberg
Multivariate Behrens-Fisher problemMultivariate Behrens-Fisher problem
... variate normal distributions with unknown mean vectors μ i {\displaystyle \mu _{i}} and unknown dispersion matrices Σ i {\ ... the distribution of the T 2 {\displaystyle T^{2}} statistic is known to be an F distribution under the null and a noncentral F- ... The distributions of X i ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {X_{i}}}} and A i {\displaystyle A_{i}} are independent and are, respectively, ... The test statistic T 2 {\displaystyle T^{2}} in Krishnmoorthy and Yu's procedure follows the distribution T 2 ∼ ν p F p , ν − p ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivariate_Behrens–Fisher_problem
Gaussian functionGaussian function
... s appear as the density function of the normal distribution, which is a limiting probability distribution of ... Also see multivariate normal distribution. A more general formulation of a Gaussian function with a flat-top and Gaussian fall- ... Normal distribution Lorentzian function Radial basis function kernel Squires, G. L. (2001-08-30). Practical Physics (4 ed.). ... Gaussian functions are widely used in statistics to describe the normal distributions, in signal processing to define Gaussian ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_function
Elżbieta PleszczyńskaElżbieta Pleszczyńska
In most cases the real distribution is skewed or discrete, which does not prevent people from using normal distribution methods ... in practice multivariate normal distribution is being assumed). Parametric statistical tests are derived from distribution ... there is no normal distribution in the real world, because every real variable is limited (for example people cannot be -170 cm ... and the normal distribution implies positive probability density for every real number. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elżbieta_Pleszczyńska
ClariSClariS
Despite this, Clara and Alice were described as simply normal junior high school girls, and while Kz felt much of their appeal ... レコード協会調べ 4月度有料音楽配信認定 [Record Association Inspection Certification of Paid Online Music Distribution] (in Japanese). Recording
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ClariS
Teodor Janković-MirijevskiTeodor Janković-Mirijevski
Weekly visits by normal school graduates were to provide information in reading, writing, and arithmetic. Catherine the Great ... The salary of the teachers remained the responsibility of the parish community and although the free distribution of textbooks ... Janković had not only studied under cameralist Joseph von Sonnenfels at Vienna and attended the Normal School and teaching ... The Metropolitanate in Karlovci, for its part, also contributed funds for the training of schoolmasters and the distribution of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodor_Janković-Mirijevski
2008 UEFA Champions League Final2008 UEFA Champions League Final
"Distribution of revenue to the clubs" (PDF). Uefadirect. Union of European Football Associations (75): 6-7. July 2008. ... winning 3-0 on penalties after a 1-1 draw in normal time. They went on to claim their 17th league title at the end of the 2007- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_UEFA_Champions_League_Final
Network congestionNetwork congestion
Provided all endpoints do this, the congestion lifts and the network resumes normal behavior.[citation needed] Other strategies ... but Van Jacobson's inclusion of an open source solution in the Berkeley Standard Distribution UNIX ("BSD") in 1988 first ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_congestion
Muon tomographyMuon tomography
The angular distribution is the result of many single scatters. This results in an angular distribution that is Gaussian in ... Yuanyuan Liu of the Beijing Normal University and her group showed the feasibility of muography to image the underground ... Where the dominant part of the multiple scattering polar-angular distribution is d N d θ = 1 2 π θ 0 2 exp ⁡ ( − θ 2 2 θ 0 2 ... A few months of measurements with muon tomography, will show the distribution of the reactor core. From that, a plan can be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_tomography
El Paso, TexasEl Paso, Texas
In the city, the age distribution was 29.1% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 20 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, ... 1][permanent dead link] "WMO Climate Normals for EL PASO/INT'L ARPT TX 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric ... and distribution of electricity in West Texas and southern New Mexico. The fourth publicly traded company is Western Refining ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas
Pagani HuayraPagani Huayra
It features the same mechanical components as a normal Huayra coupé but features many bespoke parts unique to the car, such as ... "Pagani Huayra". BBC Studios Distribution. 13 January 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2019. wind in Quechua English-Quechua dictionary ... the Dinastia is identical to the normal Pagani Huayra however, Pagani has installed a lighter titanium exhaust system, new 21- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagani_Huayra
PLATO (computer system)PLATO (computer system)
Micro-PLATO could be used stand-alone for normal courses, or could connect to a CDC data center for multiuser programs. To make ... Mainly this computer was used for management and data processing tasks related to power generation and distribution, but it ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLATO_(computer_system)
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
The normal cellular gene was called c-src (cellular-src). This discovery changed the current thinking about cancer from a model ... Oberg-Welsh C, Welsh M (January 1995). "Cloning of BSK, a murine FRK homologue with a specific pattern of tissue distribution ... Eventually this normal gene mutated into an abnormally functioning oncogene within the Rous sarcoma virus. Once the oncogene is ... Researchers have shown that Src expression is 5 to 8 fold higher in premalignant polyps than normal mucosa. The elevated c-Src ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-oncogene_tyrosine-protein_kinase_Src
Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2
The sensitivity distribution of these CCDs is roughly normal, with a peak around 700 nm and concomitantly very poor sensitivity ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_Field_and_Planetary_Camera_2
AbietaneAbietane
It is important to note, however, that such interpretations rely on the assumption that terpenoid distributions and abundances ... "normal") conformation, although some abietanes with alternative stereochemistry may be cyclized from CCP isomers containing ... Diefendorf, Aaron F.; Freeman, Katherine H.; Wing, Scott L. (2012-05-15). "Distribution and carbon isotope patterns of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abietane
Montaubion-ChardonneyMontaubion-Chardonney
The senior population distribution is 12 people or 17.4% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 2 people or 2.9% ... In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living ... This represents a population growth rate of 4.3%. The age distribution, as of 2009[update], in Montaubion-Chardonney is; 8 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montaubion-Chardonney
Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filterKolmogorov-Zurbenko filter
... can be interpreted as a distribution obtained by the convolution of k uniform discrete distributions on the interval [ −(m − 1 ... normal random noise N(0,16) was used to test the KZFT algorithm's ability to accurately determine spectra of datasets with ... Standard average cosine square temperature distribution low along latitudes were subtracted to identify fluctuations of climate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov–Zurbenko_filter
Scuba setScuba set
In the U.S. the size is designated by their nominal capacity, the volume of the gas they contain when expanded to normal ... allowing a diver to gain a better overall weight distribution leading to a more horizontal trim in the water. Tank weights can ... Under most circumstances it differs very little from normal surface breathing. In the case of a full-face mask, the diver may ... Since 80% or more of the oxygen remains in normal exhaled gas, and is thus wasted, rebreathers use gas very economically, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuba_set
A Very Natural ThingA Very Natural Thing
The film was one of the first mainstream films to show homosexuality as a valid and normal act of love, i.e. "a very natural ... One of the first films about gay relationships intended for mainstream, commercial distribution, its original title was For as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Very_Natural_Thing
Length of stayLength of stay
... gamma and log-normal distributions". Value in Health. 12 (2): 309-314. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2008.00421.x. PMID 20667062. ... Within regression approaches, linear, log-normal and logistic regression approaches have been applied, but have been criticised ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length_of_stay
AnycastAnycast
Content delivery networks may use anycast for actual HTTP connections to their distribution centers, or for DNS. Because most ... Routers direct packets addressed to this destination to the location nearest the sender, using their normal decision-making ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anycast
Margin of errorMargin of error
... are given by the quantile function of the normal distribution (which the 68-95-99.7 rule approximates). Note that z γ {\ ... corresponds to the variance of a Bernoulli distribution. For a confidence level γ {\displaystyle \gamma } , there is a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margin_of_error
Liquefied natural gasLiquefied natural gas
When ready for distribution, the LNG enters a regasification facility where it is pumped into a vaporizer and heated back into ... LNG can also be used to meet peak demand when the normal pipeline infrastructure can meet most demand needs, but not the peak ... Site distribution of the units caused a domino effect of explosions. It remains unclear if LNG or LNG vapour, or other ... The gas then enters the gas pipeline distribution system and is delivered to the end-user. The natural gas fed into the LNG ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas
Great Bengal famine of 1770Great Bengal famine of 1770
One distribution center was opened by Reza Khan at his palace of Nishat Bagh. The Murshidabad model was later emulated in ... On top of that problem, this was not a normal state. The Company was in charge of taxation, whereas the Nawab looked after ... On 13 February, Khan and Becher proposed that six rice-distribution centers be opened in Murshidabad to provide half a seer of ... 39-, ISBN 978-0-19-103743-6, Starvation is a normal feature in many parts of the world, but this phenomenon of 'regular' ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Bengal_famine_of_1770
Mass shootings in the United StatesMass shootings in the United States
Due to the distributions of online media coverage density being highly skewed, the researchers first performed a logarithmic ... " "men are even more overrepresented among mass shooters and mass killers than they are among "normal" killers "Asian American ... are committed by men whose racial distribution closely matches that of the nation as a whole. Other than gender, the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States
AdrenorphinAdrenorphin
Miyata A, Mizuno K, Minamino N, Matsuo H (May 1984). "Regional distribution of adrenorphin in rat brain: comparative study with ... and was subsequently found in normal human and bovine adrenal medulla as well. Adrenorphin exhibits potent opioid activity, ... Sonders M, Barchas JD, Weber E (August 1984). "Regional distribution of metorphamide in rat and guinea pig brain". Biochemical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenorphin
LatuaLatua
Sparre had returned to normal by the evening of January the 4th when he regained the ability to read, which had deserted him ... The range of distribution of the species thus corresponds roughly to the Los Lagos Region ( Lakes Region ), the plant occurring ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latua
Larry NormanLarry Norman
He signed a distribution deal with British label Chapel Lane and released several albums before returning to the United States ... According to Charles Normal, Larry Norman attended his "first of many" punk rock shows while touring London in 1977, seeing ... Sales of the album rose following its distribution in Christian bookstores. By the early 1970s, Norman was performing ... the project collapsed when the head of the distribution company was arrested for check forgery and the company's merchandise ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Norman
LILRA3LILRA3
Like the closely related LILRA1, LILRA3 binds to both normal and 'unfolded' free heavy chains of HLA class I, with a preference ... Wiśniewski A, Łuszczek W, Mańczak M, Jasek M, Kubicka W, Cislo M, Kuśnierczyk P (April 2003). "Distribution of LILRA3 (ILT6/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LILRA3
Buffalo BillionBuffalo Billion
The roof is designed to look like a normal roof while generating electricity from solar energy. The combination functionality ... The federal government investigated the distribution of Buffalo Billion project money and contracts. The office of Preet ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Billion
2015 in aviation2015 in aviation
The attack is part of Operation Tidal Wave II, a new campaign to destroy the Islamic State's oil distribution network. Russian ... Kunkle, Fredrick, "FAA, airlines still working to resume normal air traffic after major glitch," washingtonpost.com, 16 August ... and at Washington Dulles to 88 percent of normal, and Washington Dulles continues to experience two-hour delays the following ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_in_aviation
MetabolismMetabolism
The metabolism of cancer cells is also different from the metabolism of normal cells, and these differences can be used to find ... evolution and distribution of novel enzyme activities" (PDF). Environmental Microbiology. 7 (12): 1868-82. doi:10.1111/j.1462- ... In various diseases, such as type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer, normal metabolism is disrupted. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism
United States in World War IUnited States in World War I
It managed the nation's food distribution and prices and built Hoover's reputation as an independent force of presidential ... unprecedented propaganda system that plucked and instilled an influence on almost all phases of normal American life. In the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I
CDC - Mining - Probabilistic Modeling Using Bivariate Normal Distributions - NIOSHCDC - Mining - Probabilistic Modeling Using Bivariate Normal Distributions - NIOSH
Each of these parameters was tested for normality and was modeled using bivariate normal distributions to determine all tail ... Mining Publication: Probabilistic Modeling Using Bivariate Normal Distributions for Identification of Flow and Displacement ... depth-formation and depth-gas content of the formations was developed using bivariate normal distributions. The flow percentage ... A Methodology for Determining Gob Permeability Distributions and its Application to Reservoir Modeling of Coal Mine Longwalls ...
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/works/coversheet367.html
Asymptotic Distribution and Moments of Normal ExtremesAsymptotic Distribution and Moments of Normal Extremes
K. Aiyappan Nair "Asymptotic Distribution and Moments of Normal Extremes," The Annals of Probability, Ann. Probab. 9(1), 150- ... Let $X(n)$ be the largest observation in a random sample of size $n$ from a standard normal population. In this paper we ... "Asymptotic Distribution and Moments of Normal Extremes." Ann. Probab. 9 (1) 150 - 153, February, 1981. https://doi.org/10.1214/ ... The results of this paper provide rates of convergence of the distribution and the moments of $X(n)$. ...
https://www.projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-probability/volume-9/issue-1/Asymptotic-Distribution-and-Moments-of-Normal-Extremes/10.1214/aop/1176994515.full
Class template normal distribution - 1.46.1Class template normal distribution - 1.46.1
normal_distribution. public construct/copy/destruct. * normal_distribution(const result_type & mean_arg = result_type(0), const ... normal_distribution(const result_type & = result_type(0), const result_type & = result_type(1)); normal_distribution(const ... In header: ,boost/random/normal_distribution.hpp, template,typename RealType = double, class normal_distribution { public: // ... Instantiations of class template normal_distribution model a random distribution . Such a distribution produces random numbers ...
https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_46_1/doc/html/boost/normal_distribution.html
Capability for a non normal distributionCapability for a non normal distribution
As far as forgetting about normal distributions - I wouldnt recommend this. 1. If you choose to ignore the normal distribution ... Capability for a non normal distribution. Six Sigma - iSixSigma › Forums › Old Forums › General › Capability for a non normal ... The only place you will ever see a perfect normal distribution is in a text book.. Set up a normal random number generator ... and the shape of the distribution is not highly departing from Normal Distribution shape.. Hope that clarifies your query.. ...
https://www.isixsigma.com/topic/capability-for-a-non-normal-distribution/
The multivariate normal distributionThe multivariate normal distribution
Marcel Lüthi summarises the main properties of the multivariate normal distribution, which are important in shape modelling. ... The univariate normal distribution. The normal distribution is completely defined by two parameters: the mean (mu) and variance ... The marginal and conditional distributions. Two distributions that can be derived from the bivariate normal distribution will ... Normal models can be defined for any finite number of variables using the multivariate normal distribution (N(mu, Sigma)). It ...
https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/statistical-shape-modelling/0/steps/16861
Localization map based on normal distributions transform (NDT) - MATLABLocalization map based on normal distributions transform (NDT) - MATLAB
The pcmapndt object creates a normal distributions transform (NDT) map from a prebuilt point cloud map of the environment. ... Localize point cloud within map using normal distributions transform (NDT) algorithm. show. Visualize normal distributions ... object creates a normal distributions transform (NDT) map from a prebuilt point cloud map of the environment. The NDT map is a ... Load a normal distributions transform (NDT) map from a MAT file.. data = load(ndtMapParkingLot.mat); ndtMap = data. ...
https://www.mathworks.com/help/vision/ref/pcmapndt.html
JCI - DISTRIBUTION AND EXCRETION OF FOUR TETRACYCLINE ANALOGUES IN NORMAL YOUNG MENJCI - DISTRIBUTION AND EXCRETION OF FOUR TETRACYCLINE ANALOGUES IN NORMAL YOUNG MEN
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 1959;38(11):1950-1963. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI103974 ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/103974/scanned-page/1952
Intro to Normal Distribution | AlleyDog.comIntro to Normal Distribution | AlleyDog.com
... youll get a great explanation and overview of the Normal Distrubtion, explained really well by Sal Khan. ... The Normal Distribution (Khan Academy). Confidence Interval (Khan Academy). One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests (Khan). ... In this video, Sal Khan from Khan Academy provides an amazing overview of the Normal Distribution. ...
https://www.alleydog.com/video/methods-statistics/intro-to-normal-distribution.php
Normal Distribution Formula - Probability And DistributionsNormal Distribution Formula - Probability And Distributions
Normal Distribution formula. probability and distributions formulas list online. ... Normal Distribution Formula :. X , mean = M - Z. X , mean = M + Z. Z = (X-M) / Ï Where,. M = Mean.. Ï = Standard Deviation.. X ...
https://www.easycalculation.com/formulas/normal-distribution.html
Normal DistributionNormal Distribution
Truncated Normal Distribution. A truncated Normal distribution can be defined for a variable by setting the desired minimum and ... Normal Distribution. The Normal (or Gaussian) distribution is the most common probability density function (PDF) and is ... For a Normal distribution, 99.73 % of all samples, will fall within 3 Standard Deviations of the mean value. This fact leads to ... minimum and maximum values that are at least 3 standard deviations away from the mean generate a complete normal distribution. ...
https://www.rocscience.com/help/rocfall/documentation/statistical-distributions/normal-distribution
Tenascin distribution in articular cartilage from normal subjects and from patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritisTenascin distribution in articular cartilage from normal subjects and from patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Tenascin is increased in arthritic cartilage and is weakly expressed in normal cartilage. ... Tenascin distribution in articular cartilage from normal subjects and from patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid ... In normal cartilage explants treated with interleukin-1 beta, tenascin was present in pericellular areas of all layers. ... Conclusion: Tenascin is increased in arthritic cartilage and is weakly expressed in normal cartilage. ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7517675/?dopt=Abstract
On the Usefulness of the Logarithmic Skew Normal Distribution for Describing Claims Size DataOn the Usefulness of the Logarithmic Skew Normal Distribution for Describing Claims Size Data
This distribution yields a satisfactory fit to empirical data in the whole range of the empirical distribution as compared to ... To the best of our knowledge, this distribution has not been used in insurance context and it might be suitable for computing ... reinsurance premiums in situations where the right tail of the empirical distribution plays an important role. Furthermore, a ... other distributions used in the actuarial statistics literature. ... the three-parameter skew lognormal distribution is proposed to ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2020/1420618/
Quote: Lippmann on the Normal Distribution | CAUSEwebQuote: Lippmann on the Normal Distribution | CAUSEweb
Everyone believes in the normal law, the experimenters because they imagine that it is a mathematical theorem, and the ... Quote: Lippmann on the Normal Distribution. Everyone believes in the normal law, the experimenters because they imagine that it ...
https://www.causeweb.org/cause/resources/library/r2168
View source for Normal distribution/Definition - CitizendiumView source for Normal distribution/Definition - Citizendium
noinclude>{{Subpages}},/noinclude> a symmetrical bell-shaped probability distribution representing the frequency of random ...
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Normal_distribution/Definition&action=edit
Normal approximation error Poisson & binomial distributionNormal approximation error Poisson & binomial distribution
The same holds for the normal approximation to the Poisson. The only advice youre likely to see is ... Textbooks say the normal approximation to the binomial distribution is good when n is large. How large is large enough? Some ... Textbooks say the normal approximation to the binomial distribution is good when "n is large." How large is large enough? Some ... Normal approximation errors for binomial and Poisson distributions. Posted on 31 July 2008. by John ...
https://www.johndcook.com/blog/2008/07/31/normal-approximation-errors-for-binomial-and-poisson-distributions/
Solution 36294: Calculating A Normal Cumulative Distribution (normalcdf) on the TI-Nspire™ Family HandheldsSolution 36294: Calculating A Normal Cumulative Distribution (normalcdf) on the TI-Nspire™ Family Handhelds
Calculating A Normal Cumulative Distribution (normalcdf) on the TI-Nspire™ Family Handhelds ... How do I calculate a Normal Cumulative Distribution (normal cdf) using the TI-Nspire Handheld? How do I calculate a Normal ... Solution 36294: Calculating A Normal Cumulative Distribution (normalcdf) on the TI-Nspire™ Family Handhelds ... normal cdf) using the TI-Npsire Handheld? Use the following example as a guide when calculating for the normal CDF with a TI- ...
https://education.ti.com/en/customer-support/knowledge-base/ti-nspire-family/product-usage/36294
How a Normal Distribution Affects the Shape of a Sampling Distribution - dummiesHow a Normal Distribution Affects the Shape of a Sampling Distribution - dummies
... then you can also assume that the shape of the sampling distribution, or will also b ... when the original distribution for a population X is normal, ... also have normal distributions. When X has a normal ... "how a normal distribution affects the shape of a sampling distribution","slug":"how-a-normal-distribution-affects-the-shape-of- ... p,\n,p class=Remember,When ,i,X,/i, has a normal distribution, the sample means also always have a normal distribution, no ...
https://www.dummies.com/article/academics-the-arts/math/statistics/how-a-normal-distribution-affects-the-shape-of-a-sampling-distribution-169839/
Probability Distributions: Understanding Normal Distributions - Python 3.7 - INTERMEDIATE - SkillsoftProbability Distributions: Understanding Normal Distributions - Python 3.7 - INTERMEDIATE - Skillsoft
... also known as Gaussian distributions, while also introducing you to the law of large numbers and the… ... use the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a normal distribution and recognize how the mean and standard deviation (SD) ... This course dives deep into normal distributions, also known as Gaussian distributions, while also introducing you to the law ... You will begin by using Pythons SciPy library to generate a normal distribution and examine the use of several available ...
https://www.skillsoft.com/course/probability-distributions-understanding-normal-distributions-5a1eaa20-cfc3-4708-ac73-95f97cd621e5
Maths in a minute: The normal distribution | plus.maths.orgMaths in a minute: The normal distribution | plus.maths.org
It tells us that the heights of people follow a probability distribution known as the normal distribution (also sometimes ... called a Gaussian distribution) represented by a bell-shaped curve. ... wed also get a normal distribution, but its exact shape would be different (see below for normal distributions of different ... The normal distribution with mean 1.647 and standard deviation 7.07. This curve represents the distribution of heights of women ...
https://plus.maths.org/content/index.php/comment/11524
Normal Distribution Uses for Inventory Forecasting | Small Business - Chron.comNormal Distribution Uses for Inventory Forecasting | Small Business - Chron.com
This form of inventory forecasting allows businesses to determine and control their distribution ... ... Normal Distribution Uses for Inventory Forecasting. Demand forecasting is the process of analyzing customer demand and ... Normal distribution methods are dependent upon inventory forecasting. It is important for a business to never hold too much ... Distribution Methods. * There are arrays of distribution methods from producer to buyer. The producer may sell directly to the ...
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/normal-distribution-uses-inventory-forecasting-37419.html
Power Analysis for Normal Distribution: - Socr
Power Analysis for Normal Distribution:. From Socr. Revision as of 05:53, 19 January 2007 by IvoDinov (Talk , contribs) ... Click on "COMPARE CURVES" to see the normal curves. The top curve is generated using the SD inputted, and the bottom curve ... Then, once you click on the "CALCULATE" button, see the result, graph and normal curves by clicking on "RESULT", "GRAPH" and " ... Then, click on the "CALCULATE" button AGAIN, to obtain the result, graph, and normal curves, as in (A). ...
http://wiki.stat.ucla.edu/socr/index.php?title=Power_Analysis_for_Normal_Distribution:&direction=prev&oldid=6417
P605605 Power Distribution Unit | Sockets and surge protector + filter, normal network | EnstoP605605 Power Distribution Unit | Sockets and surge protector + filter, normal network | Ensto
IMPALA-7426] T-test is an unreliable method for comparing non-normal distributions - ASF JIRAIMPALA-7426] T-test is an unreliable method for comparing non-normal distributions - ASF JIRA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student%27s_t-test is for normally distributed variables, and many Impala benchmarks wont be formally distributed. In particular, none of them will have negative run times.. We should consider https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonparametric_statistics like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann%E2%80%93Whitney_U_test#Comparison_to_Students_t-test in report_benchmark_results.py.. ...
https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/IMPALA-7426
Truncated Distribution / Truncated Normal Distribution - Statistics How ToTruncated Distribution / Truncated Normal Distribution - Statistics How To
What is a truncated normal distribution? Four different truncations explained in simple English, with examples. Statistics made ... The Truncated Normal Distribution. The truncated normal distribution is defined in the same way as the normal distribution: by ... Truncated Distribution / Truncated Normal Distribution. Facebook. Tweet. Probability Distributions , Truncated Normal ... Formula for the mean of the truncated distribution, where φ is the pdf of the standard normal distribution.. The mean of the ...
https://www.statisticshowto.com/truncated-normal-distribution/
Normaldistribution - Indikatoren und Signale - TradingViewNormaldistribution - Indikatoren und Signale - TradingView
normaldistribution - Sehen Sie sich die Trading Ideen, Strategien, Meinungen und Analysen absolut kostenlos an! - Indikatoren ... Library cnd Cumulative Normal Distribution CND1(x) Returns the Cumulative Normal Distribution (CND) using the Hart (1968) ... The fisher transform converts price into a gaussian normal distribution, also known as a bell curve {1}. A normal distribution ... the closing price does not follow a normal distribution. According to the normal distribution, the probability that Z , 2 ...
https://de.tradingview.com/scripts/normaldistribution/
Distribution of fibronectin in normal and diseased human kidneys. | Journal of Clinical PathologyDistribution of fibronectin in normal and diseased human kidneys. | Journal of Clinical Pathology
Download the citation for this article by clicking on one of the following citation managers:. ...
https://jcp.bmj.com/content/33/11/1021.citation-tools
QuickStats: Distribution of Hours per Day That Office-Based Primary Care and Specialist Care Physicians Spent Outside Normal...QuickStats: Distribution of Hours per Day That Office-Based Primary Care and Specialist Care Physicians Spent Outside Normal...
Distribution of Hours per Day That Office-Based Primary Care and Specialist Care Physicians Spent Outside Normal Office Hours ... QuickStats: Distribution of Hours per Day That Office-Based Primary Care and Specialist Care Physicians Spent Outside Normal ... In 2019, 91.0% of office-based physicians spent time outside normal office hours documenting clinical care: 17.0% spent ,1 hour ...
https://blogs.cdc.gov/nchs/?p=6277
Algebra 2 (1st Edition) Chapter 11 Data Analysis and Statistics - 11.3 Use Normal Distributions - 11.3 Exercises - Skill...Algebra 2 (1st Edition) Chapter 11 Data Analysis and Statistics - 11.3 Use Normal Distributions - 11.3 Exercises - Skill...
11.3 Use Normal Distributions - 11.3 Exercises - Skill Practice - Page 760 4 including work step by step written by community ... 11.3 Use Normal Distributions - Guided Practice for Examples 1 and 2 * 11.3 Use Normal Distributions - Guided Practice for ... 11.3 Use Normal Distributions - 11.3 Exercises - Skill Practice * 11.3 Use Normal Distributions - 11.3 Exercises - Problem ... 11.3 Use Normal Distributions - 11.3 Exercises - Problem Solving * 11.3 Use Normal Distributions - 11.3 Exercises - Mixed ...
https://www.gradesaver.com/textbooks/math/algebra/algebra-2-1st-edition/chapter-11-data-analysis-and-statistics-11-3-use-normal-distributions-11-3-exercises-skill-practice-page-760/4
Exam-Style Question on Normal DistributionExam-Style Question on Normal Distribution
... A mathematics exam-style question with a worked solution that can be revealed ... List Of Questions Exam-Style Question More Normal Questions More on this Topic Question id: 34. This question is similar to one ...
https://www.transum.org/Maths/Exam/Question.asp?Q=34
GaussianProbability densityUnivariateBivariateProbabilitiesBinomial distributionSymmetric distributionsCentral limit tMultivariateStatistical distributionsPoissonSymmetricalLognormalHypothesisCurveParametersInverse normal distributionRegressionContinuousHistogramSkewnessVarianceNormaleDataRandomTransformAlgorithmExtensionStandardParetoHttpsCalculatorMarginalRepresents the distribution of heightsGamma distributionEmpiricalStableDegreesIntervalsDrawsContentTypeTissuesPopulationModellingShow
Gaussian10
  • The Normal (or Gaussian) distribution is the most common probability density function (PDF) and is generally used for probabilistic studies in geotechnical engineering. (rocscience.com)
  • These two features imply that the data cannot be adequately modelled by the Gaussian or normal distribution. (hindawi.com)
  • This course dives deep into normal distributions, also known as Gaussian distributions, while also introducing you to the law of large numbers and the Central Limit Theorem. (skillsoft.com)
  • It tells us that the heights of people follow a probability distribution known as the normal distribution (also sometimes called a Gaussian distribution ) represented by a bell-shaped curve. (maths.org)
  • A better name would be 'Half Gaussian bell weighted' or 'Half normal distribution weighted' indicator, since the weights for calculation of the average (similar to linear. (tradingview.com)
  • The expressions given for these moments may be used to obtain moments for special cases such as the hyperbolic and normal inverse Gaussian distributions. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Processes of normal inverse Gaussian type. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Absolute moments of generalized hyperbolic distributions and approximate scaling of normal inverse Gaussian Levy processes. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Generalized hyperbolic and inverse Gaussian distributions: Limiting cases and approximation of processes. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Statistical properties of the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution, volume 9 of Lecture Notes in Statistics. (uni-muenchen.de)
Probability density3
  • Mathematically, the curve shown above is the probability density function of the normal distribution (find out more here ). (maths.org)
  • How does the distribution (probability density function) for the passangers waiting time look like? (talkstats.com)
  • The Excel NORMDIST function calculates the Normal Probability Density Function or the Cumulative Normal Distribution. (primeapps.com)
Univariate5
  • Our main assumption is that the length follows a univariate normal distribution. (futurelearn.com)
  • Figure 2: the density function of the univariate normal distribution with (mu=0) and (sigma^2=0.25) (left), (sigma^2=1) (centre) (sigma^2=2) (right). (futurelearn.com)
  • It can be shown that also this conditional distribution is a univariate normal distribution. (futurelearn.com)
  • 2.3 Assessing distributions of continuous univariate uncertain quantities. (maa.org)
  • Suppose there is a series of observations from a univariate distribution and we want to estimate the mean of that distribution (the so-called location model ). (wikipedia.org)
Bivariate5
  • In this paper, an approach to determine the conditional probabilities of depth-displacement, depth-flow percentage, depth-formation and depth-gas content of the formations was developed using bivariate normal distributions. (cdc.gov)
  • Each of these parameters was tested for normality and was modeled using bivariate normal distributions to determine all tail probabilities. (cdc.gov)
  • Two distributions that can be derived from the bivariate normal distribution will play a very important role in this course. (futurelearn.com)
  • Library 'ctnd' Description: Double precision algorithm to compute the cumulative trivariate normal distribution found in A.Genz, Numerical computation of rectangular bivariate and trivariate normal and t probabilities", Statistics and Computing, 14, (3), 2004. (tradingview.com)
  • 3.5 Bivariate normal distribution. (maa.org)
Probabilities6
  • This suggests that we can use normal approximation to compute binomial probabilities, just as we used normal approximation before to compute frequencies for data. (coursera.org)
  • To use normal approximation for binomial probabilities, we need to standardize by subtracting off n times p and then dividing by square root np(1-p). (coursera.org)
  • Do you have a distribution on the probabilities themselves? (talkstats.com)
  • I have a set of Bernoulli random variables with different success probabilities, varying from 0 to 1, and I want the normal approximation of the sum. (talkstats.com)
  • Yeah - but I was asking about the distribution of those success probabilities. (talkstats.com)
  • And we're also going to introduce standardized course, commonly known as Z-scores, and we're going to give examples of working with the Z-scores to find probabilities and percentiles under the normal distribution curve. (coursera.org)
Binomial distribution4
  • Textbooks say the normal approximation to the binomial distribution is good when " n is large. (johndcook.com)
  • You will also learn about the binomial distribution and the basics of random variables. (coursera.org)
  • Remember that the probability histogram of the binomial distribution with n = 50 and p = 0.2 looks roughly like a normal curve which is centered at around 10. (coursera.org)
  • I'm using Mathematica do calculate the limit and, considering the same \(p_i \) for every random variable, the condition is verified except for p=0 or p=1, but that Sum is the Binomial distribution and the result is already known. (talkstats.com)
Symmetric distributions1
  • Almost everyone learns about basic stats metrics such as averages and medians in the context of commonly-observed and often symmetric distributions such as the normal distribution. (simeonov.com)
Central limit t1
  • This is due in part to a mathematical result called the central limit theorem , which says that if you have lots of independent random variables (quantities that can take on a range of values) then as long as certain conditions are met their sum will follow a normal distribution. (maths.org)
Multivariate2
  • In this article, Marcel Lüthi summarises the main properties of the multivariate normal distribution, which are important in shape modelling. (futurelearn.com)
  • 3.6.3 Multivariate normal distribution. (maa.org)
Statistical distributions1
  • 5 ]. It is our interest to find simple statistical distributions appropriate for modelling both, smaller and medium-size losses with a high frequency and large losses with a low frequency. (hindawi.com)
Poisson5
  • The same holds for the normal approximation to the Poisson. (johndcook.com)
  • Here are my notes for the Poisson and binomial distributions. (johndcook.com)
  • Here's one of the graphs from the notes, an example showing the error in normal approximation to a Poisson(20) density function. (johndcook.com)
  • Instructions In an essay of no less than three pages, contrast the major differences between the normal distribution from Unit III and the exponential and Poisson distributions. (grandpaperwriters.com)
  • Dobson, Kuulasmaa, Eberle and Scherer (hereafter DKES) introduced confidence limits for weighted sums of Poisson random variables that, unlike the traditional confidence limits based on the normal distribution (see Clayton and Hills), do not require large cell counts. (cdc.gov)
Symmetrical1
  • a symmetrical bell-shaped probability distribution representing the frequency of random variations of a quantity from its mean. (citizendium.org)
Lognormal1
  • In this paper, the three-parameter skew lognormal distribution is proposed to model actuarial data concerning losses. (hindawi.com)
Hypothesis1
  • According to this hypothesis, hallucinations can be considered to be one end of a continuum of normal conscious experience that include vivid imagery, daydreams and thoughts. (psicothema.com)
Curve9
  • had a normal distribution (refer to the lowest curve in the figure). (dummies.com)
  • This curve represents the distribution of heights of women based on a large study of twenty countries across North America, Europe, East Asia and Australia. (maths.org)
  • Note that in (B)'s normal curve, the data are ploted in pink (based on frequency). (ucla.edu)
  • But if we increase the number of experiments to 50, then you see that the corresponding probability histogram looks rather symmetric, and in fact it looks close to the normal curve. (coursera.org)
  • So after we standardize, we get a standard normal curve which is centered around 0, and the standardized value for 12 is 0.71. (coursera.org)
  • And so we have to find the area under the standard normal curve to the left of 0.71. (coursera.org)
  • In this plot, the light purple curve shows the distribution of heights of US males. (coursera.org)
  • Nearly any statistical software package can be used for calculations concerning a normal distribution, more commonly known as a bell curve. (primeapps.com)
  • As seen in the NASA illustration below of a normal distribution of temperatures, or bell curve, as the average temperature of the planet warms, the curve shifts right. (wsgw.com)
Parameters5
  • where mean and sigma are the parameters of the distribution. (boost.org)
  • are the parameters for the distribution. (boost.org)
  • The normal distribution is completely defined by two parameters: the mean (mu) and variance (sigma^2). (futurelearn.com)
  • RISK 1995(2) CNDEV(U) Returns the inverse of cumulative normal distribution function Parameters: U : float, Returns: float. (tradingview.com)
  • The parameters allow you to specify the length of the dataseries to be generated, the mean of the distribution, and the standard error of the distribution. (wessa.net)
Inverse normal distribution4
  • Library 'norminv' Description: An inverse normal distribution is a way to work backwards from a known probability to find an x-value. (tradingview.com)
  • Returns the value of the inverse normal distribution function for a specified value, mean, and standard deviation. (tradingview.com)
  • I have now successfully implemented the statistical routines I needed to approximate the normal and inverse normal distribution functions so I am finally able to release a simulation for the HP32E along with some minor fixes to the other simulators. (hpmuseum.org)
  • I'm particularly pleased to be able to add this simulation to my collection, as the HP32E was one of the first HP calculators I owned and it's ability to evaluate the normal and inverse normal distribution functions accurately when everyone else was having to use look up tables was quite something at the time. (hpmuseum.org)
Regression1
  • We discuss widely used statistical concepts (normal distribution, linear regression, p-values, etc), and how to use and interpret such concepts intelligently. (dartmouth.edu)
Continuous2
  • We present a novel two-stage, stopped-flow, continuous centrifugal sedimentation strategy to measure the size distributions of events (defined here as cells or clusters thereof) in a blood sample. (nature.com)
  • Continuous frequency distribution of infinite range. (bvsalud.org)
Histogram3
  • Take 100 random normally distributed points and create a histogram … it won't look anything like a normal distibution. (isixsigma.com)
  • Figure 3 shows a histogram obtained from 169 hand measurements and the normal distribution estimated from the data. (futurelearn.com)
  • Probability Distribution Histogram During data exploration it is often useful to plot the distribution of the data one is exploring. (tradingview.com)
Skewness2
  • This family of distributions has been widely studied as an extension of the normal distribution via a shape parameter, , that accounts for the skewness of the model. (hindawi.com)
  • Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. (bvsalud.org)
Variance3
  • As we assumed that span and length are correlated, the variance in the conditional distribution should be smaller than in the marginal distribution, where we do not assume anything about the length. (futurelearn.com)
  • Moments for limiting cases such as the skew hyperbolic t and variance gamma distributions can be found using the same approach. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Simulation studies are conducted to illustrate that the proposed approach is successful in attaining normality under different sample sizes and most of the distributions and in estimating transformation parameter for different sample sizes and mean-variance combinations. (lancs.ac.uk)
Normale2
  • Renvoie la distribution normale standard (moyenne de zéro et écart-type de un). (primeapps.com)
  • Renvoie la distribution normale pour la moyenne et l'écart type spécifiés. (primeapps.com)
Data18
  • Since the data is not normal, I followed the following procedure in order to calculate the capability. (isixsigma.com)
  • It makes no difference what type of distribution the data has … and you will never exactly know it anyway. (isixsigma.com)
  • With respect to standard capability calculations the statement "It makes no difference what type of distribution the data has … and you will never exactly know it anyway. (isixsigma.com)
  • As for the second part - the issue is not that of knowing a distribution exactly the issue is being able to say with a degree of certainty that the data presented can be treated as though the parent distribution was (fill in the blank). (isixsigma.com)
  • The way you give yourself a sense of just how non-normal, perfectly normal data can look is to generate repeated 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 samples using a generator of random numbers from a normal distribution and plot these results on normal probability paper. (isixsigma.com)
  • This distribution yields a satisfactory fit to empirical data in the whole range of the empirical distribution as compared to other distributions used in the actuarial statistics literature. (hindawi.com)
  • You will begin by using Python's SciPy library to generate a normal distribution and examine the use of several available functions that allow you to make estimations on normally distributed data. (skillsoft.com)
  • This indicator plots the distribution of data between different bins. (tradingview.com)
  • This module covers the empirical rule and normal approximation for data, a technique that is used in many statistical procedures. (coursera.org)
  • Results of functional SOD assays 1 all of the samples showed the highest proportion of SOD activity located within the mitochondria, 2 both the inflamed normal and SCC tissues contained a heavy influx of host inflammatory cells, and 3 the overall data trends show a SCC inflamed normal non-inflamed normal distribution in SOD activities. (dtic.mil)
  • a Data transformation did not result in a normal distribution. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to their data types, many statistical analysis types only work for given sets of data distributions and relations between variables. (unige.ch)
  • Applying them to a highly asymmetric distribution, such as iPhone app revenues or startup founder returns, without even knowing the shape of the distribution because granular data is not available, is likely to mislead the common reader. (simeonov.com)
  • Airborne fiber diameter and length data were analyzed by fitting data to assumed log-normal size distribution functions. (cdc.gov)
  • Airborne fiber diameter and length distributions determined by transmission electron microscopy were found to be in good agreement with the optical size data. (cdc.gov)
  • Box-Cox transformation is one of the most commonly used methodologies when data do not follow normal distribution. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • La hospitalización se presentó en el 7,69 % and data analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Method of data analysis: The data evaluated against the primary and secondary outcomes will be analyzed regarding the assumptions of normal distribution and homocedacity and then adequate statistical tests will be used to analyze the outcomes according to the evaluation periods. (who.int)
Random9
  • Let $X(n)$ be the largest observation in a random sample of size $n$ from a standard normal population. (projecteuclid.org)
  • Concerning this, the single parameter Pareto distribution not only has nice statistical properties but also provides a good description of the random behaviour of large losses (e.g., the right tail of the distribution). (hindawi.com)
  • This free online software (calculator) generates random numbers for the Normal distribution. (wessa.net)
  • Functions of Random Variables : Definition of probability distributions of functions of single random variables - exact methods and approximate methods;Moments and expectations of functions - direct and indirect methods. (freevideolectures.com)
  • Multiple Random Variables : Definition of joint, marginal, and conditional probability distributions;Definitions of moments and expectations, including the definition of correlation coefficient;Functions of multiple random variables. (freevideolectures.com)
  • Since members of this website are US residents and likely represent a random sample from the US population, we would expect their heights to follow the same height distribution of all Americans. (coursera.org)
  • Generates random numbers from a normal distribution. (casio.com)
  • To improve this 'Normal distribution random number Calculator', please fill in questionnaire. (casio.com)
  • Random draws from distributions such as the normal. (primeapps.com)
Transform3
  • object creates a normal distributions transform (NDT) map from a prebuilt point cloud map of the environment. (mathworks.com)
  • Load a normal distributions transform (NDT) map from a MAT file. (mathworks.com)
  • 4.2 Joint normal transform. (maa.org)
Algorithm1
  • Wichura, M. J. (1988) Algorithm AS 241: The Percentage Points of the Normal Distribution, Applied Statistics, nr. 37, 477-484. (wessa.net)
Extension1
  • A skew extension of the t distribution, with applications. (uni-muenchen.de)
Standard5
  • A lower truncated standard normal distribution. (statisticshowto.com)
  • Library 'normsinv' Description: Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution. (tradingview.com)
  • One can standardize statistical errors (especially of a normal distribution ) in a z-score (or "standard score"), and standardize residuals in a t -statistic , or more generally studentized residuals . (wikipedia.org)
  • A standard normal distribution should be used for each sample. (irzu.org)
  • This assumes a standard deviation of one and a normal distribution of prices. (marketrealist.com)
Pareto2
  • In this sense, the classical Pareto distribution [ 6 - 8 ] has been traditionally considered as a suitable claims' size distribution in relation to rating problems. (hindawi.com)
  • As an alternative to the classical Pareto distribution, other models have been recently introduced in the actuarial literature by Sarabia et al. (hindawi.com)
Https5
  • img src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/359402.image1.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"357\" alt=\"Distributions of times for 1 worker, 10 workers, and 50 workers. (dummies.com)
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student%27s_t-test is for normally distributed variables, and many Impala benchmarks won't be formally distributed. (apache.org)
  • We should consider https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonparametric_statistics like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann%E2%80%93Whitney_U_test#Comparison_to_Student's_t-test in report_benchmark_results.py. (apache.org)
  • Tohru Takahashi , Toshiki Kikuchi & Tamihiko Chiba , «Three-D computational geometry: the pattern of vasculature in normal and diseased livers as expressed by the distribution of distance in space», Acta Stereologica [En ligne], Volume 11 (1992), Number 1 - Quantitative histopathology - Aug. 1992, 41-49 URL : https://popups.ulg.ac.be/0351-580x/index.php?id=1794. (ac.be)
  • František Doležal , «Evaluation of crack anisotropy in agricultural clay soils», Acta Stereologica [En ligne], Volume 9 (1990), Number 1 - Proceedings of the fifth European congress for stereology - Part three - June 1990, 125-133 URL : https://popups.ulg.ac.be/0351-580x/index.php?id=2794. (ac.be)
Calculator1
  • The calculator will now display the answer to the distribution. (ti.com)
Marginal2
  • The first is the marginal distribution , which gives us the distribution for (s) (or (l)) separately. (futurelearn.com)
  • The marginal distribution for (s) is the distribution we obtain if we do not know anything about the value of (l). (futurelearn.com)
Represents the distribution of heights1
  • The dotted line represents the distribution of heights reported by males on OkCupid. (coursera.org)
Gamma distribution1
  • We refer to these new confidence intervals as gamma intervals, since the approximation is based on the gamma distribution. (cdc.gov)
Empirical1
  • To the best of our knowledge, this distribution has not been used in insurance context and it might be suitable for computing reinsurance premiums in situations where the right tail of the empirical distribution plays an important role. (hindawi.com)
Stable1
Degrees2
  • L (p) is the pth quantiles of a distribution with n degrees of freedom. (cdc.gov)
  • Daytime highs will range from 15 to 30 degrees above normal over about a third of the nation. (wsgw.com)
Intervals1
  • Since we can write the gamma intervals as a simple function of the inverse chi-squared distribution, they are practical to use in any situation. (cdc.gov)
Draws1
  • The M sets of imputations for the missing values are ideally independent draws from the predictive distribution of the missing values conditional on the observed values. (cdc.gov)
Content1
  • The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here, content here', making it look like readable English. (aamc.org)
Type3
  • A normal distribution is a type of. (tradingview.com)
  • 2]韩渭宾,蒋国芳.四川3次7级以上地震序列和余震分布特征的对比[J].四川地震,2009(4):12-17.HAN Weibin,JIANG Guofang.Comparison of aftershock distribution and sequence type of 3 strong earthquakes(M≥7)from 1970 to (cgl.org.cn)
  • This type of creation is perfectly normal and happens here on Earth, the Sun, and even on a smaller scale like a hand-crank powered radio - or a Faraday flashlight! (universetoday.com)
Tissues2
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the functional SOD activities TOTAL, MITOCHONDRIAL Mn, and cytosolic CuZn in histologically confirmed non-inflamed normal oral mucosal, inflamed normal oral mucosal, and oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues SCC and to characterize the in vivo cellular distribution of MnSOD and CuZnSOD in representative sections of the above tissues, as well as, oral epithelial dysplasia. (dtic.mil)
  • Human leukocyte antigen - G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA class I antigen with restricted distribution in normal tissues. (elis.sk)
Population3
  • Hallucinations in normal population: Imagery and personality influences. (psicothema.com)
  • Population distribution and migration : proceedings of the United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Population Distribution and Migration, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 18-22 January 1993. (who.int)
  • Expert Group on Population Distribution and Migration. (who.int)
Modelling1
  • In this article, we summarise the main properties of normal distributions and show how they manifest themselves in shape modelling. (futurelearn.com)
Show1
  • We show that the occupancy distribution of the collection bins closely correlates with the range of cluster sizes intrinsic to the specific cell line. (nature.com)
E (mathematical constant) - Wikipedia
E (mathematical constant) - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Multi-modal data analytics publications
Multi-modal data analytics publications (sri.com)
Normal dispersion Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
Normal dispersion Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster (merriam-webster.com)
Hotelling's T-squared distribution - Wikipedia
Hotelling's T-squared distribution - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
(pirate.shu.edu/~wachsmut/)
Solution 36294: Calculating A Normal Cumulative Distribution (normalcdf) on the TI-Nspire™ Family Handhelds
Solution 36294: Calculating A Normal Cumulative Distribution (normalcdf) on the TI-Nspire™ Family Handhelds (education.ti.com)
Keywords:truncated - npm search
Keywords:truncated - npm search (npmjs.com)
The distribution of the sum of independent gamma random variables | Semantic Scholar
The distribution of the sum of independent gamma random variables | Semantic Scholar (semanticscholar.org)
Generalized Alpha Skew Normal Distribution - Muhammed A Memon, Mohd T. Alodat, Tareq Alodat - Vita e Pensiero - Articolo Vita e...
Generalized Alpha Skew Normal Distribution - Muhammed A Memon, Mohd T. Alodat, Tareq Alodat - Vita e Pensiero - Articolo Vita e... (vitaepensiero.it)
Thinking Fast and Slow
Thinking Fast and Slow (amazon.com)
Gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase: A Novel Target Molecule for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase: A Novel Target Molecule for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment (hindawi.com)
02133203 | Yearbooks 2021 | University of Pretoria
02133203 | Yearbooks 2021 | University of Pretoria (up.ac.za)
Genius - I, Cringely
Genius - I, Cringely (cringely.com)
Distribution Plots - MATLAB & Simulink
Distribution Plots - MATLAB & Simulink (mathworks.com)
Cryptography | Free Full-Text | Intercept-Resend Emulation Attacks against a Continuous-Variable Quantum Authentication...
Cryptography | Free Full-Text | Intercept-Resend Emulation Attacks against a Continuous-Variable Quantum Authentication... (mdpi.com)
ECTM As A Route To Savings | PDF | Motor a jato | Companhias aéreas
ECTM As A Route To Savings | PDF | Motor a jato | Companhias aéreas (pt.scribd.com)
Acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid present anticancer properties against melanoma by promoting nitric oxide-dependent...
Acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid present anticancer properties against melanoma by promoting nitric oxide-dependent... (nature.com)
A Novel Model of Surgical Injury in Adult Rat Kidney: A Pouch Model | Scientific Reports
A Novel Model of Surgical Injury in Adult Rat Kidney: A "Pouch Model" | Scientific Reports (nature.com)
Introduction to ANOVA for Statistics and Data Science
Introduction to ANOVA for Statistics and Data Science (analyticsvidhya.com)
Calendar | Data, Models, and Decisions | Sloan School of Management | MIT OpenCourseWare
Calendar | Data, Models, and Decisions | Sloan School of Management | MIT OpenCourseWare (ocw.mit.edu)
Normaldistribution - Indikatoren und Signale - TradingView
Normaldistribution - Indikatoren und Signale - TradingView (de.tradingview.com)
Healthy People 2020 Progress Table
Healthy People 2020 Progress Table (cdc.gov)
Principles of Epidemiology | Lesson 2 - Section 7
Principles of Epidemiology | Lesson 2 - Section 7 (cdc.gov)
Financial simulation software and simulation tool - Quantrix
Financial simulation software and simulation tool - Quantrix (quantrix.com)
Financial simulation software and simulation tool - Quantrix
Financial simulation software and simulation tool - Quantrix (quantrix.com)
Linear Polarization Features in the Quiet-Sun Photosphere: Structure and Dynamics | SpringerLink
Linear Polarization Features in the Quiet-Sun Photosphere: Structure and Dynamics | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Enhancing dopaminergic signaling and histone acetylation promotes long-term rescue of deficient fear extinction | Translational...
Enhancing dopaminergic signaling and histone acetylation promotes long-term rescue of deficient fear extinction | Translational... (nature.com)
VM Mathematical Functions
VM Mathematical Functions (intel.com)
Power Analysis for Normal Distribution: - Socr
Power Analysis for Normal Distribution: - Socr (wiki.stat.ucla.edu)
Trademark Application Process - Business Analysis Made Easy
Trademark Application Process - Business Analysis Made Easy (business-analysis-made-easy.com)
(coursera.org)