OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Nitrite ReductasesNitritesNitrite Reductase (NAD(P)H)Nitrate ReductasesSodium NitriteFerredoxin-Nitrite ReductaseNitratesCytochromes a1Nitrate ReductaseAlcaligenesAlcaligenes faecalisNADH, NADPH OxidoreductasesOxidoreductasesBacteroidaceaeDenitrificationCytochromes c1AzurinOxidation-ReductionCytochromesParacoccusHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesHemeRibonucleotide ReductasesAnaerobiosisDithioniteCytochrome-B(5) ReductaseNitric OxideCopperElectron TransportNitrosomonas europaeaParacoccus pantotrophusHydroxylaminesSpectrophotometryGlutathione ReductaseFMN ReductaseThioredoxin-Disulfide ReductaseNitrous OxideMolecular Sequence DataNADPH-Ferrihemoprotein ReductaseFerredoxinsFerredoxin-NADP ReductaseHydroxylamineWolinellaAmyl NitriteElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyCytochrome c GroupCytochrome ReductasesEctothiorhodospiraceaeBacterial ProteinsKineticsPseudomonasAerobiosisAmino Acid SequenceGenes, BacterialHyphomicrobiumSulfite Reductase (Ferredoxin)Electron Transport Complex IVPseudomonas aeruginosaRalstonia pickettiiParacoccus denitrificansEscherichia coliTetrahydrofolate DehydrogenaseDesulfovibrioNitrosomonasOxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group DonorsNitrogenGene Expression Regulation, BacterialQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsAchromobacter denitrificansBase SequenceMethylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)Benzyl ViologenAmmoniaSpectrum AnalysisNitrate Reductase (NADH)NADPIron-Sulfur ProteinsPulse RadiolysisSulfitesHemeproteinsMethionine Sulfoxide ReductasesHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsRibonucleoside Diphosphate ReductaseMutationBinding SitesSequence Homology, Amino AcidHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationDihydropteridine ReductaseCytochromes c2Rhodobacter sphaeroidesOxygenCloning, MolecularQuinone ReductasesMetalloproteinsSequence Analysis, DNAElectronsThiosulfatesAlcohol OxidoreductasesSimazineOxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group DonorsFlavinsCatalysisParaquatThioredoxin Reductase 1BacteriaModels, MolecularCarbon MonoxideDianisidineChromatiaceaeEnoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH)Nitrogen OxidesViologensCrystallography, X-RayHemoglobinsProtein ConformationTungsten CompoundsSpectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Nitrite Reductases: A group of enzymes that oxidize diverse nitrogenous substances to yield nitrite. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Nitrite Reductase (NAD(P)H): An enzyme found primarily in BACTERIA and FUNGI that catalyzes the oxidation of ammonium hydroxide to nitrite. It is an iron-sulfur HEME; FLAVOPROTEIN containing siroheme and can utilize both NAD and NADP as cofactors. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.6.6.4.Nitrate Reductases: Oxidoreductases that are specific for the reduction of NITRATES.Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.Ferredoxin-Nitrite Reductase: An IRON-containing protein that uses siroheme and 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur centers as prosthetic groups. It catalyzes the six-electron oxidation of AMMONIA to nitrite.Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.Cytochromes a1: A subclass of heme a containing cytochromes have a reduced alpha-band absorption of 587-592 nm. They are primarily found in microorganisms.Nitrate Reductase: An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. It is a cytochrome protein that contains IRON and MOLYBDENUM.Alcaligenes: A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria that occur in water and soil. Some are common inhabitants of the intestinal tract of vertebrates. These bacteria occasionally cause opportunistic infections in humans.Alcaligenes faecalis: The type species of gram negative bacteria in the genus ALCALIGENES, found in soil. It is non-pathogenic, non-pigmented, and used for the production of amino acids.NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases: A group of oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH. In general, enzymes using NADH or NADPH to reduce a substrate are classified according to the reverse reaction, in which NAD+ or NADP+ is formally regarded as an acceptor. This subclass includes only those enzymes in which some other redox carrier is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p100) EC 1.6.Oxidoreductases: The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)Bacteroidaceae: A family of gram-negative bacteria found primarily in the intestinal tracts and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Its organisms are sometimes pathogenic.Denitrification: Nitrate reduction process generally mediated by anaerobic bacteria by which nitrogen available to plants is converted to a gaseous form and lost from the soil or water column. It is a part of the nitrogen cycle.Cytochromes c1: The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p545)Azurin: A bacterial protein from Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes which operates as an electron transfer unit associated with the cytochrome chain. The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 16,000, contains a single copper atom, is intensively blue, and has a fluorescence emission band centered at 308nm.Oxidation-Reduction: A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).Cytochromes: Hemeproteins whose characteristic mode of action involves transfer of reducing equivalents which are associated with a reversible change in oxidation state of the prosthetic group. Formally, this redox change involves a single-electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539). The various cytochrome subclasses are organized by the type of HEME and by the wavelength range of their reduced alpha-absorption bands.Paracoccus: Gram-negative non-motile bacteria found in soil or brines.Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases: Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.Ribonucleotide ReductasesAnaerobiosis: The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.Cytochrome-B(5) Reductase: A FLAVOPROTEIN oxidoreductase that occurs both as a soluble enzyme and a membrane-bound enzyme due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of a single mRNA. The soluble form is present mainly in ERYTHROCYTES and is involved in the reduction of METHEMOGLOBIN. The membrane-bound form of the enzyme is found primarily in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and outer mitochondrial membrane, where it participates in the desaturation of FATTY ACIDS; CHOLESTEROL biosynthesis and drug metabolism. A deficiency in the enzyme can result in METHEMOGLOBINEMIA.Nitric Oxide: A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.Copper: A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.Electron Transport: The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)Nitrosomonas europaea: The type species of the genus NITROSOMONAS, a gram-negative chemolithotroph that oxidizes ammonia to nitrite. It is found in soil, sewage, freshwater, and on building walls, and especially in polluted areas where air contains high levels of nitrogen compounds.Paracoccus pantotrophus: A species of gram-negative, coccoid, mostly chemolithoautotrophic bacteria, in the family RHODOBACTERACEAE. Some strains can grow anaerobically.Hydroxylamines: Organic compounds that contain the (-NH2OH) radical.Spectrophotometry: The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.Glutathione Reductase: Catalyzes the oxidation of GLUTATHIONE to GLUTATHIONE DISULFIDE in the presence of NADP+. Deficiency in the enzyme is associated with HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.4.2.FMN Reductase: An enzyme that utilizes NADH or NADPH to reduce FLAVINS. It is involved in a number of biological processes that require reduced flavin for their functions such as bacterial bioluminescence. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.8.1 and EC 1.5.1.29.Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase: A FLAVOPROTEIN enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of THIOREDOXINS to thioredoxin disulfide in the presence of NADP+. It was formerly listed as EC 1.6.4.5Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase: A flavoprotein that catalyzes the reduction of heme-thiolate-dependent monooxygenases and is part of the microsomal hydroxylating system. EC 1.6.2.4.Ferredoxins: Iron-containing proteins that transfer electrons, usually at a low potential, to flavoproteins; the iron is not present as in heme. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase: An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation and reduction of FERREDOXIN or ADRENODOXIN in the presence of NADP. EC 1.18.1.2 was formerly listed as EC 1.6.7.1 and EC 1.6.99.4.Hydroxylamine: A colorless inorganic compound (HONH2) used in organic synthesis and as a reducing agent, due to its ability to donate nitric oxide.Wolinella: A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the bovine RUMEN, the human gingival sulcus, and dental PULPITIS infections.Amyl Nitrite: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.Cytochrome c Group: A group of cytochromes with covalent thioether linkages between either or both of the vinyl side chains of protoheme and the protein. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539)Cytochrome ReductasesEctothiorhodospiraceae: A family in the order Chromatiales, class GAMMAPROTEOBACTERIA. These are haloalkaliphilic, phototrophic bacteria that deposit elemental sulfur outside their cells.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Pseudomonas: A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.Aerobiosis: Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Genes, Bacterial: The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.Hyphomicrobium: A genus of rod-shaped, oval, or bean-shaped bacteria found in soil and fresh water. Polar prosthecae are present and cells reproduce by budding at the tips of the prosthecae. Cells of this genus are aerobic and grow best with one-carbon compounds. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)Sulfite Reductase (Ferredoxin): A FERREDOXIN-dependent oxidoreductase that is primarily found in PLANTS where it plays an important role in the assimilation of SULFUR atoms for the production of CYSTEINE and METHIONINE.Electron Transport Complex IV: A multisubunit enzyme complex containing CYTOCHROME A GROUP; CYTOCHROME A3; two copper atoms; and 13 different protein subunits. It is the terminal oxidase complex of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN and collects electrons that are transferred from the reduced CYTOCHROME C GROUP and donates them to molecular OXYGEN, which is then reduced to water. The redox reaction is simultaneously coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens (wound, burn, and urinary tract infections). It is also found widely distributed in soil and water. P. aeruginosa is a major agent of nosocomial infection.Ralstonia pickettii: The type species in the genus RALSTONIA. It is often found in the hospital ward as a contaminant of antiseptic and disinfectant solutions.Paracoccus denitrificans: A species of bacteria isolated from soil.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase: An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 7,8-dihyrofolate and NADPH to yield 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and NADPH+, producing reduced folate for amino acid metabolism, purine ring synthesis, and the formation of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Methotrexate and other folic acid antagonists used as chemotherapeutic drugs act by inhibiting this enzyme. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.5.1.3.Desulfovibrio: A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria capable of reducing sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide. Organisms are isolated from anaerobic mud of fresh and salt water, animal intestines, manure, and feces.Nitrosomonas: A genus of gram-negative, ellipsoidal or rod-shaped bacteria whose major source of energy and reducing power is from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. Its species occur in soils, oceans, lakes, rivers, and sewage disposal systems.Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors: Oxidoreductases with specificity for oxidation or reduction of SULFUR COMPOUNDS.Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.Achromobacter denitrificans: The type species of gram negative, aerobic bacteria in the genus ACHROMOBACTER. Previously in the genus ALCALIGENES, the classification and nomenclature of this species has been frequently emended. The two subspecies, Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans and Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans are associated with infections.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2): A flavoprotein amine oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.171.Benzyl Viologen: 1,1'-Bis(phenylmethyl)4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride. Oxidation-reduction indicator.Ammonia: A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.Spectrum Analysis: The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Nitrate Reductase (NADH): An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. It is a FLAVOPROTEIN that contains IRON and MOLYBDENUM and is involved in the first step of nitrate assimilation in PLANTS; FUNGI; and BACTERIA. It was formerly classified as EC 1.6.6.1.NADP: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)Iron-Sulfur Proteins: A group of proteins possessing only the iron-sulfur complex as the prosthetic group. These proteins participate in all major pathways of electron transport: photosynthesis, respiration, hydroxylation and bacterial hydrogen and nitrogen fixation.Pulse Radiolysis: Use of a pulse of X-rays or fast electrons to generate free radicals for spectroscopic examination.Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.Hemeproteins: Proteins that contain an iron-porphyrin, or heme, prosthetic group resembling that of hemoglobin. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p480)Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases: Reductases that catalyze the reaction of peptide-L-methionine -S-oxide + thioredoxin to produce peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H(2)O.Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: Compounds that inhibit HMG-CoA reductases. They have been shown to directly lower cholesterol synthesis.Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase: An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides using NADPH as the ultimate electron donor. The deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates are used in DNA synthesis. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.17.4.1.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Dihydropteridine Reductase: An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of 6,7-dihydropteridine to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine in the presence of NADP+. Defects in the enzyme are a cause of PHENYLKETONURIA II. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.99.7.Cytochromes c2: Type C cytochromes that are small (12-14 kD) single-heme proteins. They function as mobile electron carriers between membrane-bound enzymes in photosynthetic BACTERIA.Rhodobacter sphaeroides: Spherical phototrophic bacteria found in mud and stagnant water exposed to light.Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Quinone Reductases: NAD(P)H:(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductases. A family that includes three enzymes which are distinguished by their sensitivity to various inhibitors. EC 1.6.99.2 (NAD(P)H DEHYDROGENASE (QUINONE);) is a flavoprotein which reduces various quinones in the presence of NADH or NADPH and is inhibited by dicoumarol. EC 1.6.99.5 (NADH dehydrogenase (quinone)) requires NADH, is inhibited by AMP and 2,4-dinitrophenol but not by dicoumarol or folic acid derivatives. EC 1.6.99.6 (NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone)) requires NADPH and is inhibited by dicoumarol and folic acid derivatives but not by 2,4-dinitrophenol.Metalloproteins: Proteins that have one or more tightly bound metal ions forming part of their structure. (Dorland, 28th ed)Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Electrons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.Alcohol Oxidoreductases: A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).Simazine: A triazine herbicide.Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors: A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on carbon-carbon bonds. This enzyme group includes all the enzymes that introduce double bonds into substrates by direct dehydrogenation of carbon-carbon single bonds.Flavins: Derivatives of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton. Flavin derivatives serve an electron transfer function as ENZYME COFACTORS in FLAVOPROTEINS.Catalysis: The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.Thioredoxin Reductase 1: A subtype of thioredoxin reductase found primarily in the CYTOSOL.Bacteria: One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.Models, Molecular: Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Dianisidine: Highly toxic compound which can cause skin irritation and sensitization. It is used in manufacture of azo dyes.Chromatiaceae: A family of phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria that deposit globules of elemental sulfur inside their cells. They are found in diverse aquatic environments.Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH): An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] to trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. It has a preference for acyl groups with a carbon chain length between 4 to 16.Nitrogen Oxides: Inorganic oxides that contain nitrogen.Viologens: A group of dipyridinium chloride derivatives that are used as oxidation-reduction indicators. The general formula is 1,1'-di-R-4,4'-bipyridinium chloride, where R = methyl, ethyl, benzyl or, betaine.Crystallography, X-Ray: The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Hemoglobins: The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.Protein Conformation: The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).Tungsten Compounds: Inorganic compounds that contain tungsten as an integral part of the molecule.Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet: Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Denitrifying Pseudomonas aeruginosa: some parameters of growth and active transport. (1/435)

Optimal cell yield of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown under denitrifying conditions was obtained with 100 mM nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor, irrespective of the medium used. Nitrite as the terminal electron acceptor supported poor denitrifying growth when concentrations of less than 15 mM, but not higher, were used, apparently owing to toxicity exerted by nitrite. Nitrite accumulated in the medium during early exponential phase when nitrate was the terminal electron acceptor and then decreased to extinction before midexponential phase. The maximal rate of glucose and gluconate transport was supported by 1 mM nitrate or nitrite as the terminal electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. The transport rate was greater with nitrate than with nitrite as the terminal electron acceptor, but the greatest transport rate was observed under aerobic conditions with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. When P. aeruginosa was inoculated into a denitrifying environment, nitrate reductase was detected after 3 h of incubation, nitrite reductase was detected after another 4 h of incubation, and maximal nitrate and nitrite reductase activities peaked together during midexponential phase. The latter coincided with maximal glucose transport activity.  (+info)

Molecular characterization of the nitrite-reducing system of Staphylococcus carnosus. (2/435)

Characterization of a nitrite reductase-negative Staphylococcus carnosus Tn917 mutant led to the identification of the nir operon, which encodes NirBD, the dissimilatory NADH-dependent nitrite reductase; SirA, the putative oxidase and chelatase, and SirB, the uroporphyrinogen III methylase, both of which are necessary for biosynthesis of the siroheme prosthetic group; and NirR, which revealed no convincing similarity to proteins with known functions. We suggest that NirR is essential for nir promoter activity. In the absence of NirR, a weak promoter upstream of sirA seems to drive transcription of sirA, nirB, nirD, and sirB in the stationary-growth phase. In primer extension experiments one predominant and several weaker transcription start sites were identified in the nir promoter region. Northern blot analyses indicated that anaerobiosis and nitrite are induction factors of the nir operon: cells grown aerobically with nitrite revealed small amounts of full-length transcript whereas cells grown anaerobically with or without nitrite showed large amounts of full-length transcript. Although a transcript is detectable, no nitrite reduction occurs in cells grown aerobically with nitrite, indicating an additional oxygen-controlled step at the level of translation, enzyme folding, assembly, or insertion of prosthetic groups. The nitrite-reducing activity expressed during anaerobiosis is switched off reversibly when the oxygen tension increases, most likely due to competition for electrons with the aerobic respiratory chain. Another gene, nirC, is located upstream of the nir operon. nirC encodes a putative integral membrane-spanning protein of unknown function. A nirC mutant showed no distinct phenotype.  (+info)

The GATA factor AreA is essential for chromatin remodelling in a eukaryotic bidirectional promoter. (3/435)

The linked niiA and niaD genes of Aspergillus nidulans are transcribed divergently. The expression of these genes is subject to a dual control system. They are induced by nitrate and repressed by ammonium. AreA mediates derepression in the absence of ammonium and NirA supposedly mediates nitrate induction. Out of 10 GATA sites, a central cluster (sites 5-8) is responsible for approximately 80% of the transcriptional activity of the promoter on both genes. We show occupancy in vivo of site 5 by the AreA protein, even under conditions of repression. Sites 5-8 are situated in a pre-set nucleosome-free region. Under conditions of expression, a drastic nucleosomal rearrangement takes place and the positioning of at least five nucleosomes flanking the central region is lost. Remodelling is strictly dependent on the presence of an active areA gene product, and independent from the NirA-specific and essential transcription factor. Thus, nucleosome remodelling is independent from the transcriptional activation of the niiA-niaD promoter. The results presented cast doubts on the role of NirA as the unique transducer of the nitrate induction signal. We demonstrate, for the first time in vivo, that a GATA factor is involved directly in chromatin remodelling.  (+info)

Nitrite reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa released by antimicrobial agents and complement induces interleukin-8 production in bronchial epithelial cells. (4/435)

We have recently reported that nitrite reductase, a bifunctional enzyme located in the periplasmic space of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, could induce interleukin-8 (IL-8) generation in a variety of respiratory cells, including bronchial epithelial cells (K. Oishi et al. Infect. Immun. 65:2648-2655, 1997). In this report, we examined the mode of nitrite reductase (PNR) release from a serum-sensitive strain of live P. aeruginosa cells during in vitro treatment with four different antimicrobial agents or human complement. Bacterial killing of P. aeruginosa by antimicrobial agents induced PNR release and mediated IL-8 production in human bronchial epithelial (BET-1A) cells. Among these agents, imipenem demonstrated rapid killing of P. aeruginosa as well as rapid release of PNR and resulted in the highest IL-8 production. Complement-mediated killing of P. aeruginosa was also associated with PNR release and enhanced IL-8 production. The immunoprecipitates of the aliquots of bacterial culture containing imipenem or complement with anti-PNR immunoglobulin G (IgG) induced twofold-higher IL-8 production than did the immunoprecipitates of the aliquots of bacterial culture with a control IgG. These pieces of evidence confirmed that PNR released in the aliquots of bacterial culture was responsible for IL-8 production in the BET-1A cells. Furthermore, the culture supernatants of the BET-1A cells stimulated with aliquots of bacterial culture containing antimicrobial agents or complement similarly mediated neutrophil migration in vitro. These data support the possibility that a potent inducer of IL-8, PNR, could be released from P. aeruginosa after exposure to antimicrobial agents or complement and contributes to neutrophil migration in the airways during bronchopulmonary infections with P. aeruginosa.  (+info)

PCR detection of genes encoding nitrite reductase in denitrifying bacteria. (5/435)

Using consensus regions in gene sequences encoding the two forms of nitrite reductase (Nir), a key enzyme in the denitrification pathway, we designed two sets of PCR primers to amplify cd1- and Cu-nir. The primers were evaluated by screening defined denitrifying strains, denitrifying isolates from wastewater treatment plants, and extracts from activated sludge. Sequence relationships of nir genes were also established. The cd1 primers were designed to amplify a 778 to 799-bp region of cd1-nir in the six published sequences. Likewise, the Cu primers amplified a 473-bp region in seven of the eight published Cu-nir sequences. Together, the two sets of PCR primers amplified nir genes in nine species within four genera, as well as in four of the seven sludge isolates. The primers did not amplify genes of nondenitrifying strains. The Cu primers amplified the expected fragment in all 13 sludge samples, but cd1-nir fragments were only obtained in five samples. PCR products of the expected sizes were verified as nir genes after hybridization to DNA probes, except in one case. The sequenced nir fragments were related to other nir sequences, demonstrating that the primers amplified the correct gene. The selected primer sites for Cu-nir were conserved, while broad-range primers targeting conserved regions of cd1-nir seem to be difficult to find. We also report on the existence of Cu-nir in Paracoccus denitrificans Pd1222.  (+info)

The blue copper-containing nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans: cloning of the nirA gene and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. (6/435)

The nirA gene encoding the blue dissimilatory nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans has been cloned and sequenced. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the characterization of a gene encoding a blue copper-containing nitrite reductase. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits a high degree of similarity to other copper-containing nitrite reductases from various bacterial sources. The full-length protein included a 24-amino-acid leader peptide. The nirA gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and was shown to be exported to the periplasm. Purification was achieved in a single step, and analysis of the recombinant Nir enzyme revealed that cleavage of the signal peptide occurred at a position identical to that for the native enzyme isolated from A. xylosoxidans. The recombinant Nir isolated directly was blue and trimeric and, on the basis of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and metal analysis, possessed only type 1 copper centers. This type 2-depleted enzyme preparation also had a low nitrite reductase enzyme activity. Incubation of the periplasmic fraction with copper sulfate prior to purification resulted in the isolation of an enzyme with a full complement of type 1 and type 2 copper centers and a high specific activity. The kinetic properties of the recombinant enzyme were indistinguishable from those of the native nitrite reductase isolated from A. xylosoxidans. This rapid isolation procedure will greatly facilitate genetic and biochemical characterization of both wild-type and mutant derivatives of this protein.  (+info)

Bacterial nitric oxide synthesis. (7/435)

The structure-function relationships in nitrite reductases, key enzymes in the dissimilatory denitrification pathway which reduce nitrite to nitric oxide (NO), are reviewed in this paper. The mechanisms of NO production are discussed in detail and special attention is paid to new structural information, such as the high resolution structure of the copper- and heme-containing enzymes from different sources. Finally, some implications relevant to regulation of the steady state levels of NO in denitrifiers are presented.  (+info)

Does the reduction of c heme trigger the conformational change of crystalline nitrite reductase? (8/435)

The structures of nitrite reductase from Paracoccus denitrificans GB17 (NiR-Pd) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NiR-Pa) have been described for the oxidized and reduced state (Fulop, V., Moir, J. W. B., Ferguson, S. J., and Hajdu, J. (1995) Cell 81, 369-377; Nurizzo, D., Silvestrini, M. C., Mathieu, M., Cutruzzola, F., Bourgeois, D., Fulop, V., Hajdu, J., Brunori, M., Tegoni, M., and Cambillau, C. (1997) Structure 5, 1157-1171; Nurizzo, D., Cutruzzola, F., Arese, M., Bourgeois, D., Brunori, M., Cambillau, C. , and Tegoni, M. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 13987-13996). Major conformational rearrangements are observed in the extreme states although they are more substantial in NiR-Pd. The four structures differ significantly in the c heme domains. Upon reduction, a His17/Met106 heme-ligand switch is observed in NiR-Pd together with concerted movements of the Tyr in the distal site of the d1 heme (Tyr10 in NiR-Pa, Tyr25 in NiR-Pd) and of a loop of the c heme domain (56-62 in NiR-Pa, 99-116 in NiR-Pd). Whether the reduction of the c heme, which undergoes the major rearrangements, is the trigger of these movements is the question addressed by our study. This conformational reorganization is not observed in the partially reduced species, in which the c heme is partially or largely (15-90%) reduced but the d1 heme is still oxidized. These results suggest that the d1 heme reduction is likely to be responsible of the movements. We speculate about the mechanistic explanation as to why the opening of the d1 heme distal pocket only occurs upon electron transfer to the d1 heme itself, to allow binding of the physiological substrate NO2- exclusively to the reduced metal center.  (+info)

Genomic analysis reveals widespread occurrence of new classes of copper nitrite reductases | SpringerLinkGenomic analysis reveals widespread occurrence of new classes of copper nitrite reductases | SpringerLink
Recently, the structure of a Cu-containing nitrite reductase (NiR) from Hyphomicrobium denitrificans (HdNiR) has been reported, establishing the existence of a new family of Cu-NiR where an additional
New insights into the activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cd 1 nitrite reductase | Biochemical Society TransactionsNew insights into the activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cd 1 nitrite reductase | Biochemical Society Transactions
The cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductases are enzymes that catalyse the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide (NO) in the bacterial energy conversion denitrification process. These enzymes contain two different redox centres: one covalently bound c-haem, which is reduced by external donors, and one peculiar d1-haem, where catalysis occurs. In the present paper, we summarize the current understanding of the reaction of nitrite reduction in the light of the most recent results on the enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and discuss the differences between enzymes from different organisms. We have evidence that release of NO from the ferrous d1-haem occurs rapidly enough to be fully compatible with the turnover, in contrast with previous hypotheses, and that the substrate nitrite is able to displace NO from the d1-haem iron. These results shed light on the mechanistic details of the activity of cd1 nitrite reductases and on the biological role of the d1-haem, whose presence in this class of enzymes has to ...
Unexpected Roles of a Tether Harboring a Tyrosine Gatekeeper Residue in Modular Nitrite Reductase Catalysis - PubMedUnexpected Roles of a Tether Harboring a Tyrosine Gatekeeper Residue in Modular Nitrite Reductase Catalysis - PubMed
It is generally assumed that tethering enhances rates of electron harvesting and delivery to active sites in multidomain enzymes by proximity and sampling mechanisms. Here, we explore this idea in a tethered 3-domain, trimeric copper-containing nitrite reductase. By reverse engineering, we find that …
中国科学院水生生物研究所机构知识库(IHB OpenIR): Predominance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and nirK-gene-bearing denitrifiers among ammonia...中国科学院水生生物研究所机构知识库(IHB OpenIR): Predominance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and nirK-gene-bearing denitrifiers among ammonia...
The coupled nitrification-denitrification process plays a pivotal role in cycling and removal of nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the communities of ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers in the sediments of 2 basins (Guozhenghu Basin and Tuanhu Basin) of a large urban eutrophic lake (Lake Donghu) were determined using the ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) gene and the nitrite reductase gene. At all sites of this study, the archaeal amoA gene predominated over the bacterial amoA gene, whereas the functional gene for denitrification nirK gene far outnumbered the nirS gene. Spatially, compared with the Tuanhu Basin, the Guozhenghu Basin showed a significantly greater abundance of the archaeal amoA gene but less abundance of the nirK and nirS genes, while there was no significant difference of bacterial amoA gene copy numbers between the 2 basins. Unlike the archaeal amoA gene, the nirK gene showed a significant difference in community structure between the 2 basins. Archaeal ...
Archive ouverte HAL - Physiological and transcriptional approaches reveal connection between nitrogen and manganese cycles in...Archive ouverte HAL - Physiological and transcriptional approaches reveal connection between nitrogen and manganese cycles in...
To explain anaerobic nitrite/nitrate production at the expense of ammonium mediated by manganese oxide (Mn(IV)) in sediment, nitrate and manganese respirations were investigated in a strain (Shewanella algae C6G3) presenting these features. In contrast to S. oneidensis MR-1, a biotic transitory nitrite accumulation at the expense of ammonium was observed in S. algae during anaerobic growth with Mn(IV) under condition of limiting electron acceptor, concomitantly, with a higher electron donor stoichiometry than expected. This low and reproducible transitory accumulation is the result of production and consumption since the strain is able to dissimilative reduce nitrate into ammonium. Nitrite production in Mn(IV) condition is strengthened by comparative expression of the nitrate/nitrite reductase genes (napA, nrfA, nrfA-2), and rates of the nitrate/nitrite reductase activities under Mn(IV), nitrate or fumarate conditions. Compared with S. oneidensis MR-1, S. algae contains additional genes that encode
Fast dissociation of nitric oxide from ferrous Pseudomonas aeruginosa cd1 nitrite reductase: A novel outlook on the catalytic...Fast dissociation of nitric oxide from ferrous Pseudomonas aeruginosa cd1 nitrite reductase: A novel outlook on the catalytic...
The heme-containing periplasmic nitrite reductase (cd1 NIR) is responsible for the production of nitric oxide (NO) in denitrifying bacterial species, among which are several animal and plant pathogens. Heme NIRs are homodimers, each subunit containing one covalently bound c-heme and one d 1-heme. The reduction of nitrite to NO involves binding of nitrite to the reduced protein at the level of d1-heme, followed by dehydration of nitrite to yield NO and release of the latter. The crucial ratelimiting step in the catalytic mechanism is thought to be the release of NO from the d 1-heme, which has been proposed, but never demonstrated experimentally, to occur when the iron is in the ferric form, given that the reduced NO-bound derivative was presumed to be very stable, as in other hemeproteins. We have measured for the first time the kinetics of NO binding and release from fully reduced cd1 NIR, using the enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its site-directed mutant H369A. Quite unexpectedly, we ...
PCR detection of genes encoding nitrite reductase in denitrifying bacteria. Metabolic profiles and genetic diversity of...PCR detection of genes encoding nitrite reductase in denitrifying bacteria. Metabolic profiles and genetic diversity of...
PCR detection of genes encoding nitrite reductase in denitrifying bacteria. Metabolic profiles and genetic diversity of denitrifying communities in activated sludge after addition of methanol or ethanol
Only eNOS among the NOS isoforms is a nitrite reductase under hypoxia - Ecole polytechniqueOnly eNOS among the NOS isoforms is a nitrite reductase under hypoxia - Ecole polytechnique
Anny Slama-Schwok, Ivan Mikula, Pavel Martasek, Suzanne Durocher, Bulent Mutus, et al.. Only eNOS among the NOS isoforms is a nitrite reductase under hypoxia. Biology, Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications of Nitric Oxide, Aug 2008, Bregenz, Austria. pp.54, ⟨10.1016/j.niox.2008.06.146⟩. ⟨hal-00838925⟩ ...
RCSB PDB - 1KBW: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOLUBLE DOMAIN OF ANIA FROM NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE Literature Report PageRCSB PDB - 1KBW: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOLUBLE DOMAIN OF ANIA FROM NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE Literature Report Page
1KBW: Crystal structure of the soluble domain of the major anaerobically induced outer membrane protein (AniA) from pathogenic Neisseria: a new class of copper-containing nitrite reductases.
UniProt/SWISS-PROT: NIRB ECOLIUniProt/SWISS-PROT: NIRB ECOLI
ID NIRB_ECOLI Reviewed; 847 AA. AC P08201; Q2M731; DT 01-AUG-1988, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-NOV-1995, sequence version 4. DT 25-OCT-2017, entry version 161. DE RecName: Full=Nitrite reductase (NADH) large subunit; DE EC=1.7.1.15; GN Name=nirB; OrderedLocusNames=b3365, JW3328; OS Escherichia coli (strain K12). OC Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; OC Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia. OX NCBI_TaxID=83333; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=K12; RX PubMed=2543955; DOI=10.1093/nar/17.10.3865; RA Bell A.I., Gaston K.L., Cole J.A., Busby S.J.W.; RT "Cloning of binding sequences for the Escherichia coli transcription RT activators, FNR and CRP: location of bases involved in discrimination RT between FNR and CRP."; RL Nucleic Acids Res. 17:3865-3874(1989). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=K12; RX PubMed=2200672; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19125.x; RA Peakman T., Crouzet J., Mayaux J.F., Busby S.J.W., Mohan S., ...
Neil Saunders B-5325-2010 - ResearcherID.comNeil Saunders B-5325-2010 - ResearcherID.com
Title: Cytochrome cd(1) structure: Unusual haem environments in a nitrite reductase and analysis of factors contributing to beta-propeller ...
The role of tryptophan in the ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase of spinach<...The role of tryptophan in the ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase of spinach<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The role of tryptophan in the ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase of spinach. AU - Tripathy, Jatindra N.. AU - Hirasawa, Masakazu. AU - Kim, Sung Kun. AU - Setterdahl, Aaron T.. AU - Allen, James P.. AU - Knaff, David B.. PY - 2007/10/1. Y1 - 2007/10/1. N2 - A system has been developed for expressing a His-tagged form of the ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase of spinach in Escherichia coli. The catalytic and spectral properties of the His-tagged, recombinant enzyme are similar, but not identical, to those previously observed for nitrite reductase isolated directly from spinach leaf. A detailed comparison of the spectral, catalytic and fluorescence properties of nitrite reductase variants, in which each of the enzymes eight tryptophan residues has been replaced using site-directed mutagenesis by either aromatic or non-aromatic amino acids, has been used to examine possible roles for tryptophan residues in the reduction of nitrite to ammonia catalyzed by the enzyme.. AB - A ...
ferredoxin-nitrite reductase activity Antibodies | Invitrogen ...ferredoxin-nitrite reductase activity Antibodies | Invitrogen ...
Antibodies for proteins involved in ferredoxin-nitrite reductase activity pathways, according to their Panther/Gene Ontology Classification
Structure Cluster - 1ET7: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF NITRITE REDUCTASE HIS255ASP MUTANT FROM ALCALIGENES FAECALIS S-6 3D...Structure Cluster - 1ET7: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF NITRITE REDUCTASE HIS255ASP MUTANT FROM ALCALIGENES FAECALIS S-6 3D...
1ET7: Catalytic roles for two water bridged residues (Asp-98 and His-255) in the active site of copper-containing nitrite reductase.
PDB 1l9s structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBIPDB 1l9s structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBI
1l9s: Directing the mode of nitrite binding to a copper-containing nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes faecalis S-6: characterization of an active site isoleucine.
Organization of the respiratory chain of Neisseria meningitidis | Biochemical Society Transactions | Portland PressOrganization of the respiratory chain of Neisseria meningitidis | Biochemical Society Transactions | Portland Press
The ability of Neisseria meningitidis to utilize both oxygen and nitrogen oxides as respiratory substrates allows it to thrive in the diverse environment of the human host. Genome analysis highlighted genes encoding a cbb3 cytochrome oxidase, the aniA nitrite reductase gene and the norB nitric oxide reductase gene. In the present study, we used myxothiazol as an inhibitor of the bc1 complex in intact cells and demonstrated that electron flow to nitrite reductase and the cytochrome oxidase, but not NO reductase, passes via the cytochrome bc1 complex. UV-visible spectrophotometry of intact cells demonstrated that oxygen oxidizes c-type and b-type cytochromes. Oxidation of cytochromes by nitrite was only seen in microaerobically precultured whole cells, and the predominant oxidizable cytochromes were b-type. These are likely to be associated with the oxidation of a b-haem-containing nitric oxide reductase. Nitrite inhibits the oxidation of cytochromes by oxygen in a nitrite reductase-independent ...
The role of tryptophan in the ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase of spinach<...The role of tryptophan in the ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase of spinach<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The role of tryptophan in the ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase of spinach. AU - Tripathy, Jatindra. AU - Hirasawa, Masakazu. AU - Kim, Sung-Kun. AU - Setterdahl, Aaron T.. AU - Allen, James P.. AU - Knaff, David. PY - 2007. Y1 - 2007. M3 - Article. SP - 1. EP - 12. JO - Photosynthesis Research. JF - Photosynthesis Research. SN - 0166-8595. ER - ...
Enhanced Vasodilator Activity of Nitrite in HypertensionNovelty and Significance | HypertensionEnhanced Vasodilator Activity of Nitrite in HypertensionNovelty and Significance | Hypertension
Herein, we demonstrate that the BP-lowering effects of nitrite are enhanced in an experimental model of hypertension and that these effects of nitrite, at least in part, are because of the nitrite reductase activity of erythrocytic XOR. We translate these observations to the clinical setting by demonstration in a proof-of-principle study in hypertensive patients, of similar enhanced bioactivity of nitrite, achieved through dietary provision of inorganic nitrate, and involvement of erythrocytic XOR.. Nitrite caused dose-dependent decreases in BP in SHR, with significant decreases becoming first evident at circulating concentrations of nitrite of ≈1×10−6 mol/L. This concentration falls within the range of physiological levels of circulating nitrite, that is, 0.2 to 5.0×10−6 mol/L that have been reported in healthy humans.26,30-32 Crucially at this dose, nitrite had minimal effects on BP in the normotensive WKY control. In our studies, the potassium nitrite salt decreased BP in a ...
Mechanisms of nitrite reduction to nitric oxide in the heart and vessel wall - Fingerprint - Johns Hopkins UniversityMechanisms of nitrite reduction to nitric oxide in the heart and vessel wall - Fingerprint - Johns Hopkins University
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Mechanisms of nitrite reduction to nitric oxide in the heart and vessel wall. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
What do you understand by reduction of nitrite? - CBSE Class 11 Biology - Learn CBSE ForumWhat do you understand by reduction of nitrite? - CBSE Class 11 Biology - Learn CBSE Forum
(a) Reduction of nitrite to ammonia is carried out by an enzyme called nitrite reductase. (b)This enzyme does not contain molybednum but requires copper and iron as activators. It requires reducing power, which is NADPH. …
Plus itPlus it
This study provides a novel analysis of N-regulated gene networks conserved across two highly divergent species: rice (a monocot) and Arabidopsis (a dicot). Despite their large phylogenetic distance, our analysis revealed a set of N-regulated genes, TFs, and network modules conserved in rice and Arabidopsis exposed to the same N-treatment conditions. Our analysis shows a statistically significant overlap, indicating that rice and Arabidopsis respond very similarly to the N treatments. The list of genes regulated by N treatments in rice includes many of the known nitrate/ammonium-regulated genes previously identified in Arabidopsis, including genes known to respond to nitrate (Nitrate Reductase, Nitrite Reductase, Ferredoxin, Ferredoxin-Dependent NADPH Reductase, and G6PDH). These results are not surprising in hindsight, given that the former are important to reduce the plants risk of nitrite toxicity. Selected genes from the N-responsive lists were corroborated by RT-qPCR analysis. One of the ...
1a8c » Cytochrome c552 - Orientations of Proteins in Membranes (OPM) database1a8c » Cytochrome c552 - Orientations of Proteins in Membranes (OPM) database
Probable electron donor to membrane cytochrome oxidase and to periplasmic nitrite reductase. Membrane-binding site participates in protein-protein interaction ...
BG - Volume 17, issue 16BG - Volume 17, issue 16
This study focuses on the chemical reaction between Fe(II) and nitrite, which has been reported to produce high levels of the greenhouse gas N2O. We investigated the extent to which dead biomass and Fe(II) minerals might enhance this reaction. Here, nitrite reduction was highest when both additives were present but less pronounced if only Fe(II) minerals were added. Both reaction systems show distinct differences, rather low N2O levels, and indicated the abiotic production of N2 ...
Enzymatic properties of the ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase from chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Evidence for hydroxylamine...Enzymatic properties of the ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase from chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Evidence for hydroxylamine...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Enzymatic properties of the ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase from chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Evidence for hydroxylamine as a late intermediate in ammonia production. AU - Hirasawa, Masakazu. AU - Tripathy, Jatindra N.. AU - Sommer, Frederik. AU - Somasundaram, Ramasamy. AU - Chung, Jung Sung. AU - Nestander, Matthew. AU - Kruthiventi, Mahima. AU - Zabet-Moghaddam, Masoud. AU - Johnson, Michael K.. AU - Merchant, Sabeeha S.. AU - Allen, James Paul. AU - Knaff, David B.. PY - 2010/1. Y1 - 2010/1. N2 - The ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli as a His-tagged recombinant protein, and purified to homogeneity. The spectra, kinetic properties and substrate-binding parameters of the C. reinhardtii enzyme are quite similar to those of the ferredoxin-dependent spinach chloroplast nitrite reductase. Computer modeling, based on the published structure of spinach nitrite reductase, predicts ...
Implications of Limited Thermophilicity of Nitrite Reduction for Control of Sulfide Production in Oil Reservoirs. - Semantic...Implications of Limited Thermophilicity of Nitrite Reduction for Control of Sulfide Production in Oil Reservoirs. - Semantic...
UNLABELLED Nitrate reduction to nitrite in oil fields appears to be more thermophilic than the subsequent reduction of nitrite. Concentrated microbial consortia from oil fields reduced both nitrate and nitrite at 40 and 45°C but only nitrate at and above 50°C. The abundance of the nirS gene correlated with mesophilic nitrite reduction activity. Thauera and Pseudomonas were the dominant mesophilic nitrate-reducing bacteria (mNRB), whereas Petrobacter and Geobacillus were the dominant thermophilic NRB (tNRB) in these consortia. The mNRB Thauera sp. strain TK001, isolated in this study, reduced nitrate and nitrite at 40 and 45°C but not at 50°C, whereas the tNRB Petrobacter sp. strain TK002 and Geobacillus sp. strain TK003 reduced nitrate to nitrite but did not reduce nitrite further from 50 to 70°C. Testing of 12 deposited pure cultures of tNRB with 4 electron donors indicated reduction of nitrate in 40 of 48 and reduction of nitrite in only 9 of 48 incubations. Nitrate is injected into high
Global Calcium Nitrite Market Size 2017 : Antera Agrochem, Krishna Chemicals, Forbes Pharmaceuticals, Suvidhi Industries -...Global Calcium Nitrite Market Size 2017 : Antera Agrochem, Krishna Chemicals, Forbes Pharmaceuticals, Suvidhi Industries -...
10. Appendix. Do Inquiry Before Purchasing Report Here: http://www.marketsnresearch.com/inquiry-for-buying.html?repid=9510. Secondly, Calcium Nitrite Market report includes, development policies and plans are discussed, manufacturing processes and cost structures. This Calcium Nitrite Industry report also states import/export, supply and consumption figures as well as cost, price, Global Calcium Nitrite Market gross margin and revenue by Key regions (North America, Europe, Japan, China, South East Asia, India) and other regions can be added.. Then, the report pay attention on worldwide Calcium Nitrite that major leading market players in Calcium Nitrite industry area with information such as Company Profile of Calcium Nitrite Market, Sales Volume, Price, Gross Margin of Calcium Nitrite Market and contact information. Global Calcium Nitrite Industry report also includes Calcium Nitrite Upstream raw materials and Calcium Nitrite downstream consumers analysis.. ...
Molecular hijacking of siroheme for the synthesis of heme and d1 heme. - Oxford NeuroscienceMolecular hijacking of siroheme for the synthesis of heme and d1 heme. - Oxford Neuroscience
Modified tetrapyrroles such as chlorophyll, heme, siroheme, vitamin B(12), coenzyme F(430), and heme d(1) underpin a wide range of essential biological functions in all domains of life, and it is therefore surprising that the syntheses of many of these life pigments remain poorly understood. It is known that the construction of the central molecular framework of modified tetrapyrroles is mediated via a common, core pathway. Herein a further branch of the modified tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway is described in denitrifying and sulfate-reducing bacteria as well as the Archaea. This process entails the hijacking of siroheme, the prosthetic group of sulfite and nitrite reductase, and its processing into heme and d(1) heme. The initial step in these transformations involves the decarboxylation of siroheme to give didecarboxysiroheme. For d(1) heme synthesis this intermediate has to undergo the replacement of two propionate side chains with oxygen functionalities and the introduction of a double bond into
Sodium Nitrite at latest price In Ankleshwar - Supplier,Manufacturer,GujaratSodium Nitrite at latest price In Ankleshwar - Supplier,Manufacturer,Gujarat
Get Sodium Nitrite at latest price. Madhav Chemicals is one of the leading manufacturer,supplier & trader of Sodium Nitrite from Ankleshwar,Gujarat,India
Search - Cadmium Analysers - Puerto Rico Suppliers .comSearch - Cadmium Analysers - Puerto Rico Suppliers .com
50 parameters and over 100 measurement ranges agents Reduction Ammonium Cadmium Nitrate Lead Phosphate Copper Nitrite Zinc Surfactants TNb units Bitter in the laboratory via Ethernet 3 The reference sample is analysed at the laboratory using a cuvette test and the photometer ...
Inhalants → What are the unique risks associated with nitrite abuse? - iRecover EducationInhalants → What are the unique risks associated with nitrite abuse? - iRecover Education
Nitrites are abused mainly by older adolescents and adults. Typically, individuals who abuse nitrites are seeking to enhance sexual function and pleasure. Research shows that abuse of these drugs in this context is associated with unsafe sexual practices that greatly increase the risk of contracting and spreading infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis.. Animal research raises the possibility that there may also be a link between abuse of nitrites and the development and progression of infectious diseases and tumors. The research indicates that inhaling nitrites depletes many cells in the immune system and impairs mechanisms that fight infectious diseases. A study found that even a relatively small number of exposures to butyl nitrite can produce dramatic increases in tumor incidence and growth rate in animals.. ...
New Grant for the State Implementation and Scaling Up of Evidence Based Practices Center | NIRNNew Grant for the State Implementation and Scaling Up of Evidence Based Practices Center | NIRN
A new five-year award from the U.S. Department of Educations Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services will enable FPG to build on the work of its seminal center on State Implementation and Scaling Up of Evidence Based Practices (SISEP). Over the last decade, the SISEP Center has supported state and local education agencies as they have worked toward building their capacity for obtaining improved outcomes for students with disabilities, their families, and educators.. "Were thrilled to continue and to expand upon the past ten years of work of the SISEP Center," said Caryn Ward, the centers current co-principal investigator, who will head the project through its next grant. "SISEP has strengthened our education systems by supporting our educators in making a difference for students and families.". Ward said that as a longtime cornerstone in FPGs National Implementation Research Network (NIRN) portfolio, SISEP has informed the sciences of implementation, improvement, and ...
Sodium Nitrite (CAS No 7632-00-0) Manufacturers, Suppliers and ExportersSodium Nitrite (CAS No 7632-00-0) Manufacturers, Suppliers and Exporters
Get here data of sodium nitrite (cas no 7632-00-0), sodium nitrite manufacturers, suppliers and exporters. These sodium nitrite manufacturing companies are delivering high quality products to the client on time.
CAS No.7632-00-0,Sodium nitrite Suppliers,MSDS downloadCAS No.7632-00-0,Sodium nitrite Suppliers,MSDS download
Find quality suppliers and manufacturers of 7632-00-0(Sodium nitrite) for price inquiry. where to buy 7632-00-0(Sodium nitrite).Also offer free database of 7632-00-0(Sodium nitrite) including MSDS sheet(poisoning, toxicity, hazards and safety),chemical properties,Formula, density and structure, solution etc.
2017-2022 Calcium Nitrite Report on Global and United States Market, Status and Forecast, by Players, Types and Applications :...2017-2022 Calcium Nitrite Report on Global and United States Market, Status and Forecast, by Players, Types and Applications :...
[114 Pages Report] Check for Discount on 2017-2022 Calcium Nitrite Report on Global and United States Market, Status and Forecast, by Players, Types and Applications report by QYResearch Group. This report studies the Calcium Nitrite market status and outlook...
Structural studies on copper-containing plant oxidases | Biochemical Society TransactionsStructural studies on copper-containing plant oxidases | Biochemical Society Transactions
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Biochemical Society Transactions.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
What is Sodium Nitrite? (with pictures)What is Sodium Nitrite? (with pictures)
Sodium nitrite is a chemical compound used to keep processed foods fresh and brightly colored. Though studies show that it may...
SA0345 - AureoWikiSA0345 - AureoWiki
MetabolismBiosynthesis of cofactors, prosthetic groups, and carriersFolic acidmethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (TIGR00677; EC 1.5.1.20; HMM-score: 68.3) ...
A composite biochemical system for bacterial nitrate and nitrite assimilation as exemplified by Paracoccus denitrificans - UEA...A composite biochemical system for bacterial nitrate and nitrite assimilation as exemplified by Paracoccus denitrificans - UEA...
The denitrifying bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans can grow aerobically or anaerobically using nitrate or nitrite as the sole nitrogen source. The biochemical pathway responsible is expressed from a gene cluster comprising a nitrate/nitrite transporter (NasA), nitrite transporter (NasH), nitrite reductase (NasB), ferredoxin (NasG) and nitrate reductase (NasC). NasB and NasG are essential for growth with nitrate or nitrite as the nitrogen source. NADH serves as the electron donor for nitrate and nitrite reduction, but only NasB has a NADH-oxidizing domain. Nitrate and nitrite reductase activities show the same Km for NADH and can be separated by anion-exchange chromatography, but only fractions containing NasB retain the ability to oxidize NADH. This implies that NasG mediates electron flux from the NADH-oxidizing site in NasB to the sites of nitrate and nitrite reduction in NasC and NasB respectively. Delivery of extracellular nitrate to NasBGC is mediated by NasA, but both NasA and NasH ...
Colonization by Alcaligenes xylosoxidans in children with cystic fibrosis: a retrospective clinical study conducted by means of...Colonization by Alcaligenes xylosoxidans in children with cystic fibrosis: a retrospective clinical study conducted by means of...
Colonization by Alcaligenes xylosoxidans in children with cystic fibrosis: a retrospective clinical study conducted by means of molecular epidemiological investigation
Sodium Nitrite,Sodium Nitrite Powder,White Sodium Nitrite ExportersSodium Nitrite,Sodium Nitrite Powder,White Sodium Nitrite Exporters
Sodium Nitrite manufacturers - SHB CHEMICALS SDN BHD exporters & suppliers of Sodium Nitrite Powder, Sodium Nitrite, White Sodium Nitrite manufacturer, wholesale Sodium Nitrite Powder suppliers, Sodium Nitrite Powder, White Sodium Nitrite exporter from Malaysia
Nitrite Therapy After Cardiac Arrest Reduces Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, Improves Cardiac and Neurological Function,...Nitrite Therapy After Cardiac Arrest Reduces Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, Improves Cardiac and Neurological Function,...
We examined the effects of nitrite repletion on mitochondrial function, reperfusion ROS generation, organ function, and survival in a 12-minute mouse cardiac arrest model. Cardiac arrest results in systemic nitrite depletion, and low-dose nitrite replacement (therapy with 50 nmol) at CPR initiation restores these levels to near baseline and increases cardiac S-nitrosothiols. Therapeutic nitrite repletion and S-nitrosation in heart are associated with transient, reversible inhibition of complex I, reducing mitochondrial reperfusion, ROS generation, and oxidative injury. Nitrite improved pulmonary gas exchange, cardiac contractility, and survival with a suggestion of neuroprotection.. Moderate NO reperfusion therapy is known to be protective,29 but NO formation is limited by the dependence of NO synthase on oxygen and reduced substrates.30 Nitrite acts as a reservoir for NO during ischemia, and nitrite reduction generates NO through NOS-independent pathways.6,31,32 We demonstrate that global ...
Nitrite Therapy After Cardiac Arrest Reduces Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, Improves Cardiac and Neurological Function,...Nitrite Therapy After Cardiac Arrest Reduces Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, Improves Cardiac and Neurological Function,...
We examined the effects of nitrite repletion on mitochondrial function, reperfusion ROS generation, organ function, and survival in a 12-minute mouse cardiac arrest model. Cardiac arrest results in systemic nitrite depletion, and low-dose nitrite replacement (therapy with 50 nmol) at CPR initiation restores these levels to near baseline and increases cardiac S-nitrosothiols. Therapeutic nitrite repletion and S-nitrosation in heart are associated with transient, reversible inhibition of complex I, reducing mitochondrial reperfusion, ROS generation, and oxidative injury. Nitrite improved pulmonary gas exchange, cardiac contractility, and survival with a suggestion of neuroprotection.. Moderate NO reperfusion therapy is known to be protective,29 but NO formation is limited by the dependence of NO synthase on oxygen and reduced substrates.30 Nitrite acts as a reservoir for NO during ischemia, and nitrite reduction generates NO through NOS-independent pathways.6,31,32 We demonstrate that global ...
Nitrite - The Free Freshwater and Saltwater Aquarium Encyclopedia Anyone Can Edit - The Aquarium WikiNitrite - The Free Freshwater and Saltwater Aquarium Encyclopedia Anyone Can Edit - The Aquarium Wiki
Nitrite poisoning is also known by aquarists as Brown Blood Disease. Nitrite damages the nervous system, liver, spleen, and kidneys of fish and other aquatic animals. Even low concentrations of 0.5mg/l over extended periods can cause long term damage. Nitrite binds the oxygen carrying hemoglobin in blood therefore fish can suffocate even if the oxygen in the tank is sufficient. Given time (normally 3-4 weeks) in a normal process of a new tank cycling, nitrites are converted into the much less toxic nitrates by the nitrifying bacteria. However if the levels of nitrites do not come down, then the nitrites will cause the animals to struggle for oxygen as the nitrites damage the gills of fish and will cause long term damage to their immune systems and stress them greatly. ...
Nitric oxide reductase transcription regulator elisa and antibodyNitric oxide reductase transcription regulator elisa and antibody
Shop Nitric oxide reductase transcription regulator ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Nitric oxide reductase transcription regulator Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
Sodium Nitrite in Guwahati,Sodium Nitrite Manufacturers and Suppliers from indiaSodium Nitrite in Guwahati,Sodium Nitrite Manufacturers and Suppliers from india
Business Directory for Sodium Nitrite Suppliers in Guwahati - Get contact details of Sodium Nitrite Manufacturers, Wholesale Sodium Nitrite Exporters, Best Sodium Nitrite Traders & Distributors Across the Guwahati.
Nitrate/Nitrite and diabetes | LifeKey InternationalNitrate/Nitrite and diabetes | LifeKey International
dietary nitrate/nitrite could be a compensatory fuel for a disrupted nitrate/nitrite/NO pathway and related disorders in diabetes
THE DECOMPOSITION OF DIETHYL PEROXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF NITRIC OXIDE AND ETHYL NITRITETHE DECOMPOSITION OF DIETHYL PEROXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF NITRIC OXIDE AND ETHYL NITRITE
A sequence of equations is proposed for the decomposition events of alkyl nitrates, based on the observation that nitrites are produced in substantial amounts. Studies were made of the reactions of ethoxyl radicals (produced by the decomposition of diethyl peroxide at 181 deg C) with ethyl nitrite and NO. The reaction rate between the ethoxyl radicals and NO was much greater than that between the radicals the nitrite.
Ammonia Dropping but 0 NitritesAmmonia Dropping but 0 Nitrites
Its now day 8 since I started dosing my 15Gl tank with pure ammonia. I managed to get the level of ammonia to about 3ppm and for the last couple of days the numbers have been dropping. Today I read the result as 0.5. Im using the api liquid test kit and have double checked and asked other peoples advice on the readings. The strips that I was using indicated that there was no nitrites present in my tank and I figured the strips were simply wrong, however today I tested for nitrites with an
China Sodium Nitrite Industrial Grade Manufacturers, Suppliers and Factory - Products - Yingfengyuan Industrial Group LimitedChina Sodium Nitrite Industrial Grade Manufacturers, Suppliers and Factory - Products - Yingfengyuan Industrial Group Limited
Yingfengyuan Industrial Group Limited is one of the leading China sodium nitrite industrial grade manufacturers and suppliers, equipped with professional factory, we are able to offer you best and cheap sodium nitrite industrial grade products.
Potassium nitrite | Sigma-AldrichPotassium nitrite | Sigma-Aldrich
Sigma-Aldrich offers a number of Potassium nitrite products. View information & documentation regarding Potassium nitrite, including CAS, MSDS & more.
Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease eBook by - 9783319461892 | Rakuten KoboNitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease eBook by - 9783319461892 | Rakuten Kobo
Read Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease by with Rakuten Kobo. This fully revised and updated new edition provides a comprehensive look at nitrite and nitrate and their effect on huma...
Freshwater Aquarium Supplies: Ammonia & Nitrite Removers | Joes Aquatic WorldFreshwater Aquarium Supplies: Ammonia & Nitrite Removers | Joe's Aquatic World
Joes Aquatic World offers the best range of aquarium supplies, including nitrite & ammonia removers and detoxifiers for freshwater aquariums.
Metabolism of nitrates-nitrites]. - Semantic ScholarMetabolism of nitrates-nitrites]. - Semantic Scholar
Once the pair nitrate-nitrite--in quantity respectively set by the ingestion level or transformation level by intestinal bacteria--has entered through the intestinal mucosa, it may react with active biochemical groups. Nitrite, owing to its high oxido-reduction potential, may induce the oxidation of a large number of compounds, as for example the Fe++ heme-Fe+++ hemine system, reduced cytochromes-oxidized cytochromes system, etc. If the presence of nitrite in blood is not clearly established, this is due to the nitrite high chemical reactivity. Moreover, a transformation by the tissues of nitrates into nitrites after a nitro-reduction is quite possible.
Potassium NitritePotassium Nitrite
... , Kaliumnitrit, is a salt with chemical formula KNO2, purity minimum 97 %. Available in 25 kg UN drums, from stock in the Netherlands
Nitrite Curing of Meat, Buch. Fereidoon Shahidi - ReadRateNitrite Curing of Meat, Buch. Fereidoon Shahidi - ReadRate
Nitrite Curing of Meat von Fereidoon Shahidi und Buchbewertungen gibt es auf ReadRate.com. Bücher können hier direkt online erworben werden.
Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease, Buch - ReadRateNitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease, Buch - ReadRate
Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease und Buchbewertungen gibt es auf ReadRate.com. Bücher können hier direkt online erworben werden.
Alkyl nitrites (poppers)Alkyl nitrites ('poppers')
Alkyl nitrites, more commonly known as poppers are volatile substances which, when inhaled, can cause a high and/or enhance sexual experience.
Biological Denitrification News on Environmental XPRTBiological Denitrification News on Environmental XPRT
Get the latest biological denitrification news on Environmental XPRT, the worlds largest environmental industry marketplace and information resource.
Denitrification Process News on Environmental XPRTDenitrification Process News on Environmental XPRT
Get the latest denitrification process news on Environmental XPRT, the worlds largest environmental industry marketplace and information resource.
Need advice: Where did my nitrates go? - Aquaponic GardeningNeed advice: Where did my nitrates go? - Aquaponic Gardening
Hi Aquanuts! I have a water issue. Ive been cycling my system for about a month now. Ive had nitrites at 5ppm and nitrates at 5ppm for the last 2 weeks.…
AquaClear 20 Ammonia Remover Filter Insert 66g - Western Pet SupplyAquaClear 20 Ammonia Remover Filter Insert 66g - Western Pet Supply
AquaClear 20 Ammonia Remover is ideal for new or heavily populated freshwater aquariums. It removes and controls harmful ammonia and nitrite, creating a healthy
PyrenoidPyrenoid
Multicopper oxidaseMulticopper oxidase
Cytochrome cCytochrome c
Methanosarcina acetivoransMethanosarcina acetivorans
Bacillus azotoformansBacillus azotoformans
Sirohydrochlorin ferrochelataseSirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase
Molybdenum oxotransferaseMolybdenum oxotransferase
SirohemeSiroheme
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammoniumDissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium
DenitrificationDenitrification
Nitrogen assimilationNitrogen assimilation
Nitrospira moscoviensisNitrospira moscoviensis
Transmembrane proteinTransmembrane protein
NatronomonasNatronomonas
Sulfite oxidaseSulfite oxidase
AzurinAzurin
NitrificationNitrification
Microbial metabolismMicrobial metabolism
List of MeSH codes (D12.776.157)List of MeSH codes (D12.776.157)
List of MeSH codes (D08)List of MeSH codes (D08)
Nitric oxideNitric oxide
Aerobic denitrificationAerobic denitrification
List of MeSH codes (D12.776)List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
Denitrifying bacteriaDenitrifying bacteria
Plant hormonePlant hormone
FerredoxinFerredoxin
NitriteNitrite
Nitrite oxidoreductaseNitrite oxidoreductase
Fosforylacja oksydacyjna, wolna encyklopediaFosforylacja oksydacyjna, wolna encyklopedia
Oxidative phosphorylationOxidative phosphorylation
Nicotinamida adenina dinucleòtid - Viquipèdia, lenciclopèdia lliureNicotinamida adenina dinucleòtid - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
Dinucleótido de nicotinamida e adenina, a enciclopedia libreDinucleótido de nicotinamida e adenina, a enciclopedia libre
Bisphenol ABisphenol A
MethemoglobinemiaMethemoglobinemia
Fosforilasi oksidatif bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasFosforilasi oksidatif bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Photosynthes - Alemannische WikipediaPhotosynthes - Alemannische Wikipedia
Plant hormonePlant hormone
Nitrogen cycleNitrogen cycle
Methemoglobinémia - WikipédiaMethemoglobinémia - Wikipédia
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Crosslinking of DNACrosslinking of DNA
List of enzymesList of enzymes
ഓക്സിഡേറ്റീവ് ഫോസ്ഫോറിലേഷൻ - വിക്കിപീഡിയഓക്സിഡേറ്റീവ് ഫോസ്ഫോറിലേഷൻ - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
MetalloproteinMetalloprotein
ChloroplastChloroplast
MetabolismMetabolism
S-NitrosothiolS-Nitrosothiol
4-Nitrophenol 4-monooxygenase4-Nitrophenol 4-monooxygenase
Nitrous oxideNitrous oxide
Nitrate reductase testNitrate reductase test
OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Nitrite ReductasesNitritesNitrite Reductase (NAD(P)H)Nitrate ReductasesSodium NitriteFerredoxin-Nitrite ReductaseNitratesCytochromes a1Nitrate ReductaseAlcaligenesAlcaligenes faecalisNADH, NADPH OxidoreductasesOxidoreductasesBacteroidaceaeDenitrificationCytochromes c1AzurinOxidation-ReductionCytochromesParacoccusHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesHemeRibonucleotide ReductasesAnaerobiosisDithioniteCytochrome-B(5) ReductaseNitric OxideCopperElectron TransportNitrosomonas europaeaParacoccus pantotrophusHydroxylaminesSpectrophotometryGlutathione ReductaseFMN ReductaseThioredoxin-Disulfide ReductaseNitrous OxideMolecular Sequence DataNADPH-Ferrihemoprotein ReductaseFerredoxinsFerredoxin-NADP ReductaseHydroxylamineWolinellaAmyl NitriteElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyCytochrome c GroupCytochrome ReductasesEctothiorhodospiraceaeBacterial ProteinsKineticsPseudomonasAerobiosisAmino Acid SequenceGenes, BacterialHyphomicrobiumSulfite Reductase (Ferredoxin)Electron Transport Complex IVPseudomonas aeruginosaRalstonia pickettiiParacoccus denitrificansEscherichia coliTetrahydrofolate DehydrogenaseDesulfovibrioNitrosomonasOxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group DonorsNitrogenGene Expression Regulation, BacterialQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsAchromobacter denitrificansBase SequenceMethylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)Benzyl ViologenAmmoniaSpectrum AnalysisNitrate Reductase (NADH)NADPIron-Sulfur ProteinsPulse RadiolysisSulfitesHemeproteinsMethionine Sulfoxide ReductasesHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsRibonucleoside Diphosphate ReductaseMutationBinding SitesSequence Homology, Amino AcidHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationDihydropteridine ReductaseCytochromes c2Rhodobacter sphaeroidesOxygenCloning, MolecularQuinone ReductasesMetalloproteinsSequence Analysis, DNAElectronsThiosulfatesAlcohol OxidoreductasesSimazineOxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group DonorsFlavinsCatalysisParaquatThioredoxin Reductase 1BacteriaModels, MolecularCarbon MonoxideDianisidineChromatiaceaeEnoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH)Nitrogen OxidesViologensCrystallography, X-RayHemoglobinsProtein ConformationTungsten CompoundsSpectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Genomic analysis reveals widespread occurrence of new classes of copper nitrite reductases | SpringerLinkGenomic analysis reveals widespread occurrence of new classes of copper nitrite reductases | SpringerLink
New insights into the activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cd 1 nitrite reductase | Biochemical Society TransactionsNew insights into the activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cd 1 nitrite reductase | Biochemical Society Transactions
Unexpected Roles of a Tether Harboring a Tyrosine Gatekeeper Residue in Modular Nitrite Reductase Catalysis - PubMedUnexpected Roles of a Tether Harboring a Tyrosine Gatekeeper Residue in Modular Nitrite Reductase Catalysis - PubMed
Only eNOS among the NOS isoforms is a nitrite reductase under hypoxia - Ecole polytechniqueOnly eNOS among the NOS isoforms is a nitrite reductase under hypoxia - Ecole polytechnique
Fast dissociation of nitric oxide from ferrous Pseudomonas aeruginosa cd1 nitrite reductase: A novel outlook on the catalytic...Fast dissociation of nitric oxide from ferrous Pseudomonas aeruginosa cd1 nitrite reductase: A novel outlook on the catalytic...
PCR detection of genes encoding nitrite reductase in denitrifying bacteria. Metabolic profiles and genetic diversity of...PCR detection of genes encoding nitrite reductase in denitrifying bacteria. Metabolic profiles and genetic diversity of...
UniProt/SWISS-PROT: NIRB ECOLIUniProt/SWISS-PROT: NIRB ECOLI
Neil Saunders B-5325-2010 - ResearcherID.comNeil Saunders B-5325-2010 - ResearcherID.com
Archive ouverte HAL - Physiological and transcriptional approaches reveal connection between nitrogen and manganese cycles in...Archive ouverte HAL - Physiological and transcriptional approaches reveal connection between nitrogen and manganese cycles in...
中国科学院水生生物研究所机构知识库(IHB OpenIR): Predominance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and nirK-gene-bearing denitrifiers among中国科学院水生生物研究所机构知识库(IHB OpenIR): Predominance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and nirK-gene-bearing denitrifiers among
Ferredoxin-nitrite reductase - WikipediaFerredoxin-nitrite reductase - Wikipedia
Nitrite reductase (NO-forming) - WikipediaNitrite reductase (NO-forming) - Wikipedia
RCSB PDB - 1GJQ: Pseudomonas aeruginosa cd1 nitrite reductase reduced cyanide complexRCSB PDB - 1GJQ: Pseudomonas aeruginosa cd1 nitrite reductase reduced cyanide complex
RCSB PDB - 1XHC: NADH oxidase /nitrite reductase from Pyrococcus furiosus Pfu-1140779-001RCSB PDB - 1XHC: NADH oxidase /nitrite reductase from Pyrococcus furiosus Pfu-1140779-001
ASTM D7781 - 14 Standard Test Method for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water by Nitrate ReductaseASTM D7781 - 14 Standard Test Method for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water by Nitrate Reductase
Intra-electron transfer induced by protonation in copper-containing nitrite reductase - Metallomics (RSC Publishing)Intra-electron transfer induced by protonation in copper-containing nitrite reductase - Metallomics (RSC Publishing)
NIR - Ferredoxin--nitrite reductase, chloroplastic precursor - Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) - NIR gene & proteinNIR - Ferredoxin--nitrite reductase, chloroplastic precursor - Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) - NIR gene & protein
ferredoxin-nitrite reductase activity Antibodies | Invitrogen ...ferredoxin-nitrite reductase activity Antibodies | Invitrogen ...
Salivary Nitrate, Nitrite and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Relation to Risk of Oral Cancer in EgyptSalivary Nitrate, Nitrite and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Relation to Risk of Oral Cancer in Egypt
PCR Detection of Genes Encoding Nitrite Reductase in Denitrifying Bacteria | Applied and Environmental MicrobiologyPCR Detection of Genes Encoding Nitrite Reductase in Denitrifying Bacteria | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Molecular Cloning of Complementary DNA Encoding Maize Nitrite Reductase | Plant PhysiologyMolecular Cloning of Complementary DNA Encoding Maize Nitrite Reductase | Plant Physiology
ECHG 04040 - Formate-dependent nitrite reductase complex subunit NrfG - Escherichia coli H736 - ECHG 04040 gene & proteinECHG 04040 - Formate-dependent nitrite reductase complex subunit NrfG - Escherichia coli H736 - ECHG 04040 gene & protein
Electron transfer in zinc-reconstituted nitrite reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Biochemical Journal | Portland PressElectron transfer in zinc-reconstituted nitrite reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Biochemical Journal | Portland Press
The catalytic mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cd1 nitrite reductase | Biochemical Society TransactionsThe catalytic mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cd1 nitrite reductase | Biochemical Society Transactions
The nrfA and nirB Nitrite Reductase Operons in Escherichia coli Are Expressed Differently in Response to Nitrate than to...The nrfA and nirB Nitrite Reductase Operons in Escherichia coli Are Expressed Differently in Response to Nitrate than to...
Kinetics of nirS Expression (Cytochromecd 1 Nitrite Reductase) in Pseudomonas stutzeri during the Transition from Aerobic...Kinetics of nirS Expression (Cytochromecd 1 Nitrite Reductase) in Pseudomonas stutzeri during the Transition from Aerobic...
Measuring the Cytochrome c Nitrite Reductase Activity-Practical Considerations on the Enzyme AssaysMeasuring the Cytochrome c Nitrite Reductase Activity-Practical Considerations on the Enzyme Assays
Met144Ala mutation of the copper-containing nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans reverses the intramolecular...Met144Ala mutation of the copper-containing nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans reverses the intramolecular...
Transcriptome of a Nitrosomonas europaea Mutant with a Disrupted Nitrite Reductase Gene (nirK) | Applied and Environmental...Transcriptome of a Nitrosomonas europaea Mutant with a Disrupted Nitrite Reductase Gene (nirK) | Applied and Environmental...
Maturation of the cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase NirS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires transient interactions between the...Maturation of the cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase NirS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires transient interactions between the...
Nitrite Reductase NirS Is Required for Type III Secretion System Expression and Virulence in the Human Monocyte Cell Line THP-1...Nitrite Reductase NirS Is Required for Type III Secretion System Expression and Virulence in the Human Monocyte Cell Line THP-1...
Expression of a yeast RNase III gene in transgenic tobacco silences host nitrite reductase genes, Plant Molecular Biology | 10...Expression of a yeast RNase III gene in transgenic tobacco silences host nitrite reductase genes, Plant Molecular Biology | 10...
Assimilatory nitrite reductase elisa and antibodyAssimilatory nitrite reductase elisa and antibody
Ferredoxin--nitrite reductase elisa and antibodyFerredoxin--nitrite reductase elisa and antibody
Domain combination pairs containing Nitrite and sulphite reductase 4Fe-4S domain-like and Nitrite and sulphite reductase 4Fe-4S...Domain combination pairs containing Nitrite and sulphite reductase 4Fe-4S domain-like and Nitrite and sulphite reductase 4Fe-4S...
A model of the NO producing nitrite reductase activity of hemoglobin - Research RepositoryA model of the NO producing nitrite reductase activity of hemoglobin - Research Repository
Iron Haem Nitrite Reductase • Iron • E-Learning ChemistryIron Haem Nitrite Reductase • Iron • E-Learning Chemistry
OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Nitrite ReductasesNitritesNitrite Reductase (NAD(P)H)Nitrate ReductasesSodium NitriteFerredoxin-Nitrite ReductaseNitratesCytochromes a1Nitrate ReductaseAlcaligenesAlcaligenes faecalisNADH, NADPH OxidoreductasesOxidoreductasesBacteroidaceaeDenitrificationCytochromes c1AzurinOxidation-ReductionCytochromesParacoccusHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesHemeRibonucleotide ReductasesAnaerobiosisDithioniteCytochrome-B(5) ReductaseNitric OxideCopperElectron TransportNitrosomonas europaeaParacoccus pantotrophusHydroxylaminesSpectrophotometryGlutathione ReductaseFMN ReductaseThioredoxin-Disulfide ReductaseNitrous OxideMolecular Sequence DataNADPH-Ferrihemoprotein ReductaseFerredoxinsFerredoxin-NADP ReductaseHydroxylamineWolinellaAmyl NitriteElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyCytochrome c GroupCytochrome ReductasesEctothiorhodospiraceaeBacterial ProteinsKineticsPseudomonasAerobiosisAmino Acid SequenceGenes, BacterialHyphomicrobiumSulfite Reductase (Ferredoxin)Electron Transport Complex IVPseudomonas aeruginosaRalstonia pickettiiParacoccus denitrificansEscherichia coliTetrahydrofolate DehydrogenaseDesulfovibrioNitrosomonasOxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group DonorsNitrogenGene Expression Regulation, BacterialQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsAchromobacter denitrificansBase SequenceMethylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)Benzyl ViologenAmmoniaSpectrum AnalysisNitrate Reductase (NADH)NADPIron-Sulfur ProteinsPulse RadiolysisSulfitesHemeproteinsMethionine Sulfoxide ReductasesHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsRibonucleoside Diphosphate ReductaseMutationBinding SitesSequence Homology, Amino AcidHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationDihydropteridine ReductaseCytochromes c2Rhodobacter sphaeroidesOxygenCloning, MolecularQuinone ReductasesMetalloproteinsSequence Analysis, DNAElectronsThiosulfatesAlcohol OxidoreductasesSimazineOxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group DonorsFlavinsCatalysisParaquatThioredoxin Reductase 1BacteriaModels, MolecularCarbon MonoxideDianisidineChromatiaceaeEnoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH)Nitrogen OxidesViologensCrystallography, X-RayHemoglobinsProtein ConformationTungsten CompoundsSpectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
NitrateHaemReductionCopperAnaerobicStructureProductionFerredoxin-nitrite rEnzymeAmmoniaEscherichiaNirSEnzymesGeneCopper nitrite reductasesDependent nitrite reductasePeriplasmic nitrite reductaseOxidoreductaseElectronDenitrificansSubstrateNitrogenHemoproteinNitrate reductasesOxidationEnzymaticAddition of nitriteSuggested that nitrateSubstratesNirBBacterial
Nitrate3
Haem1
  • Using a linker that harbors a gatekeeper tyrosine in a nitrite access channel, the tethered haem domain enables catalysis by other mechanisms. (nih.gov)
Reduction1
Copper3
Anaerobic1
  • In contrast to S. oneidensis MR-1, a biotic transitory nitrite accumulation at the expense of ammonium was observed in S. algae during anaerobic growth with Mn(IV) under condition of limiting electron acceptor, concomitantly, with a higher electron donor stoichiometry than expected. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Structure1
  • Recently, the structure of a Cu-containing nitrite reductase (NiR) from Hyphomicrobium denitrificans ( Hd NiR) has been reported, establishing the existence of a new family of Cu-NiR where an additional type 1 Cu (T1Cu) containing cupredoxin domain is located at the N-terminus (Nojiri et al. (springer.com)
Production1
Ferredoxin-nitrite r2
  • In enzymology, a ferredoxin-nitrite reductase (EC 1.7.7.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 oxidized ferredoxin ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } nitrite + 6 reduced ferredoxin + 7 H+ The 3 substrates of this enzyme are NH3, H2O, and oxidized ferredoxin, whereas its 3 products are nitrite, reduced ferredoxin, and H+. (wikipedia.org)
  • Below are the list of possible Ferredoxin--nitrite reductase products. (mybiosource.com)
Enzyme17
Ammonia7
Escherichia5
NirS5
Enzymes3
  • These results shed light on the mechanistic details of the activity of cd 1 nitrite reductases and on the biological role of the d 1 -haem, whose presence in this class of enzymes has to date been unexplained. (biochemsoctrans.org)
  • In aerobic soils, nitrate is the dominant species and it is converted to ammonium by the sequential action of two enzymes, nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) (Dechorgnat et al. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • However, with the exception of nitrate reductase, the corresponding enzymes are yet to be identified, and understanding NO generation in plants remains an important challenge [ 4 , 5 ]. (mdpi.com)
Gene14
Copper nitrite reductases1
Dependent nitrite reductase1
Periplasmic nitrite reductase1
Oxidoreductase1
Electron1
  • The proton transfer from His244 to nitrite bound on the T2 Cu site via the hydrogen bond network induced intra-electron transfer from the T1 to T2 Cu site. (rsc.org)
Denitrificans1
  • Recently, the structure of a Cu-containing nitrite reductase (NiR) from Hyphomicrobium denitrificans ( Hd NiR) has been reported, establishing the existence of a new family of Cu-NiR where an additional type 1 Cu (T1Cu) containing cupredoxin domain is located at the N-terminus (Nojiri et al. (springer.com)
Substrate3
Nitrogen4
Hemoprotein2
  • We determined 12 key high-resolution structures of sulfite reductase hemoprotein that characterize its active center in 3 different states of oxidation and its interactions with substrates, inhibitors, intermediates, and products. (scripps.edu)
  • We used multiwavelength anomalous diffraction of the native siroheme, an iron-containing macrocycle of the isobacteriochlorin class, and Fe 4 S 4 cluster cofactors to solve the atomic-resolution structure of the hemoprotein from sulfite reductase hemoprotein. (scripps.edu)
Nitrate reductases2
Oxidation1
Enzymatic1
  • Several lines of evidence indicate that NO can be synthesized in plants from nitrite, polyamines and L-arginine, through nonenzymatic or enzymatic mechanisms [ 3 , 4 ]. (mdpi.com)
Addition of nitrite1
  • The addition of nitrite, but not nitrate, is reported to further elevate nrfA expression via either the NarL or NarP response regulators. (asm.org)
Suggested that nitrate1
Substrates1
NirB3
Bacterial2
Unexpected Roles of a Tether Harboring a Tyrosine Gatekeeper Residue in Modular Nitrite Reductase Catalysis - PubMed
Unexpected Roles of a Tether Harboring a Tyrosine Gatekeeper Residue in Modular Nitrite Reductase Catalysis - PubMed (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Virgibacillus halodenitrificans ATCC ® 49067™
Virgibacillus halodenitrificans ATCC ® 49067™ (atcc.org)
Plus it
Plus it (mcponline.org)
Sulphur and Algae: Metabolism, Ecology and Evolution | SpringerLink
Sulphur and Algae: Metabolism, Ecology and Evolution | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Nitric Oxide. Edition No. 3 - Research and Markets
Nitric Oxide. Edition No. 3 - Research and Markets (researchandmarkets.com)
Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria: Unique Microorganisms with Exceptional Properties | Microbiology and Molecular Biology...
Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria: Unique Microorganisms with Exceptional Properties | Microbiology and Molecular Biology... (mmbr.asm.org)
Frontiers | Candidatus Nitrosocaldus cavascurensis, an Ammonia Oxidizing, Extremely Thermophilic Archaeon with a Highly Mobile...
Frontiers | Candidatus Nitrosocaldus cavascurensis, an Ammonia Oxidizing, Extremely Thermophilic Archaeon with a Highly Mobile... (frontiersin.org)
Enzyme Immunoassay Using the Ammonia Gas-Sensing Electrode | SpringerLink
Enzyme Immunoassay Using the Ammonia Gas-Sensing Electrode | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Siroheme - Wikipedia
Siroheme - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Frontiers | Role of Starter Cultures on the Safety of Fermented Meat Products | Microbiology
Frontiers | Role of Starter Cultures on the Safety of Fermented Meat Products | Microbiology (frontiersin.org)
Frontiers | PerC Manipulates Metabolism and Surface Antigens in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli | Cellular and Infection...
Frontiers | PerC Manipulates Metabolism and Surface Antigens in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli | Cellular and Infection... (frontiersin.org)
Functional Expression of Sinorhizobium meliloti BetS, a High-Affinity Betaine Transporter, in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 ...
Functional Expression of Sinorhizobium meliloti BetS, a High-Affinity Betaine Transporter, in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 ... (aem.asm.org)
Frontiers | Diversifying Anaerobic Respiration Strategies to Compete in the Rhizosphere | Environmental Science
Frontiers | Diversifying Anaerobic Respiration Strategies to Compete in the Rhizosphere | Environmental Science (frontiersin.org)
Frontiers | Resource Concentration Modulates the Fate of Dissimilated Nitrogen in a Dual-Pathway Actinobacterium | Microbiology
Frontiers | Resource Concentration Modulates the Fate of Dissimilated Nitrogen in a Dual-Pathway Actinobacterium | Microbiology (frontiersin.org)
Frontiers | No Tangible Effects of Field-Grown Cisgenic Potatoes on Soil Microbial Communities | Bioengineering and...
Frontiers | No Tangible Effects of Field-Grown Cisgenic Potatoes on Soil Microbial Communities | Bioengineering and... (frontiersin.org)
Evolutionary Implications of Genome and Karyotype Restructuring in Nicotiana tabacum L | SpringerLink
Evolutionary Implications of Genome and Karyotype Restructuring in Nicotiana tabacum L | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Observation of fast release of NO from ferrous d1 haem allows formulation of a unified reaction mechanism for cytochrome cd1...
Observation of fast release of NO from ferrous d1 haem allows formulation of a unified reaction mechanism for cytochrome cd1... (biochemj.org)
IAM M-201 Strain Passport - StrainInfo
IAM M-201 Strain Passport - StrainInfo (straininfo.net)
Complete Genome Sequence of Nitrobacter hamburgensis X14 and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Species within the Genus...
Complete Genome Sequence of Nitrobacter hamburgensis X14 and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Species within the Genus... (aem.asm.org)
Frontiers | Linking Nitrous Oxide and Nitric Oxide Fluxes to Microbial Communities in Tropical Forest Soils and Oil Palm...
Frontiers | Linking Nitrous Oxide and Nitric Oxide Fluxes to Microbial Communities in Tropical Forest Soils and Oil Palm... (frontiersin.org)
Frontiers | Microfluidic qPCR Enables High Throughput Quantification of Microbial Functional Genes but Requires Strict Curation...
Frontiers | Microfluidic qPCR Enables High Throughput Quantification of Microbial Functional Genes but Requires Strict Curation... (frontiersin.org)
Chlorate Specifically Targets Oxidant-Starved, Antibiotic-Tolerant Populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms | mBio
Chlorate Specifically Targets Oxidant-Starved, Antibiotic-Tolerant Populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms | mBio (mbio.asm.org)
Frontiers | Reconstruction of the Metabolic Potential of Acidophilic Sideroxydans Strains from the Metagenome of an...
Frontiers | Reconstruction of the Metabolic Potential of Acidophilic Sideroxydans Strains from the Metagenome of an... (frontiersin.org)
Regulation of Denitrification Genes in Neisseria meningitidis by Nitric Oxide and the Repressor NsrR | Journal of Bacteriology
Regulation of Denitrification Genes in Neisseria meningitidis by Nitric Oxide and the Repressor NsrR | Journal of Bacteriology (jb.asm.org)
DNA Microarray-Based Identification of Genes Associated with Glycopeptide Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus | Antimicrobial...
DNA Microarray-Based Identification of Genes Associated with Glycopeptide Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus | Antimicrobial... (aac.asm.org)
Genome sequence of the chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Nitrobacter winogradskyi Nb-255 - DOE Joint Genome...
Genome sequence of the chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Nitrobacter winogradskyi Nb-255 - DOE Joint Genome... (jgi.doe.gov)
Role of Campylobacter jejuni Respiratory Oxidases and Reductases in Host Colonization | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Role of Campylobacter jejuni Respiratory Oxidases and Reductases in Host Colonization | Applied and Environmental Microbiology (aem.asm.org)
Serial femtosecond crystallography at the SACLA: breakthrough to dynamic structural biology | SpringerLink
Serial femtosecond crystallography at the SACLA: breakthrough to dynamic structural biology | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Denitrifying Bacteria Isolated from Terrestrial Subsurface Sediments Exposed to Mixed-Waste Contamination | Applied and...
Denitrifying Bacteria Isolated from Terrestrial Subsurface Sediments Exposed to Mixed-Waste Contamination | Applied and... (aem.asm.org)
Single-Cell Genome and Group-Specific dsrAB Sequencing Implicate Marine Members of the Class Dehalococcoidia (Phylum...
Single-Cell Genome and Group-Specific dsrAB Sequencing Implicate Marine Members of the Class Dehalococcoidia (Phylum... (mbio.asm.org)
Frontiers | Diatom Transcriptional and Physiological Responses to Changes in Iron Bioavailability across Ocean Provinces |...
Frontiers | Diatom Transcriptional and Physiological Responses to Changes in Iron Bioavailability across Ocean Provinces |... (frontiersin.org)
Evidence for hydrogen oxidation and metabolic plasticity in widespread deep-sea sulfur-oxidizing bacteria | PNAS
Evidence for hydrogen oxidation and metabolic plasticity in widespread deep-sea sulfur-oxidizing bacteria | PNAS (pnas.org)
Enhanced Vasodilator Activity of Nitrite in HypertensionNovelty and Significance | Hypertension
Enhanced Vasodilator Activity of Nitrite in HypertensionNovelty and Significance | Hypertension (hyper.ahajournals.org)