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Nitric Oxide SynthaseNitric OxideNitric Oxide Synthase Type IINitric Oxide Synthase Type IIINitric Oxide Synthase Type IAmino Acid OxidoreductasesNG-Nitroarginine Methyl EsterNitric Oxide DonorsArginineEnzyme InhibitorsNitritesomega-N-MethylarginineEndothelium, VascularNitratesNitroarginineEnzyme InductionRats, Sprague-DawleyCyclic GMPNADPH DehydrogenaseVasodilationCells, CulturedIndazolesRats, WistarLipopolysaccharidesNitroprussideRNA, MessengerCitrullineS-Nitroso-N-AcetylpenicillamineBiopterinIsothiuroniumPenicillamineGuanidinesDose-Response Relationship, DrugMice, Inbred C57BLVasodilator AgentsNitrogen OxidesCitrate (si)-SynthaseGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicMice, KnockoutMacrophagesGuanylate CyclaseImmunohistochemistryBlotting, WesternAortaSuperoxidesAmidinesPeroxynitrous AcidArginaseMolsidomineIsoenzymesDisease Models, AnimalBlood PressureCyclooxygenase 2Endothelial CellsAcetylcholineProstaglandin-Endoperoxide SynthasesOxidative StressInterferon-gammaTime FactorsEnzyme ActivationGlycogen SynthaseGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3OxidesTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaVasoconstrictionS-NitrosoglutathioneThymidylate SynthaseSignal TransductionMuscle, Smooth, VascularInterleukin-1Cell LineOxadiazolesPenisS-NitrosothiolsCyclooxygenase InhibitorsRegional Blood FlowNF-kappa BNitrosationReactive Oxygen SpeciesGTP CyclohydrolaseThioureaFree Radical ScavengersMolecular Sequence DataCattleReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionAorta, ThoracicReactive Nitrogen SpeciesIndomethacinVasoconstrictor AgentsMuscle RelaxationSuperoxide DismutaseMyocardiumPhosphorylationTyrosineNitrergic NeuronsLungGene ExpressionArteriolesBradykininUp-Regulation
Nitric Oxide Synthase
An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
A CALCIUM-independent subtype of nitric oxide synthase that may play a role in immune function. It is an inducible enzyme whose expression is transcriptionally regulated by a variety of CYTOKINES.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in NERVE TISSUE.
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases
A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids.
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.
Nitric Oxide Donors
A diverse group of agents, with unique chemical structures and biochemical requirements, which generate NITRIC OXIDE. These compounds have been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the management of acute myocardial infarction, acute and chronic congestive heart failure, and surgical control of blood pressure. (Adv Pharmacol 1995;34:361-81)
Arginine
An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.
Enzyme Inhibitors
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
Nitrites
Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
omega-N-Methylarginine
A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.
Endothelium, Vascular
Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.
Nitrates
Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.
Nitroarginine
An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6)
Enzyme Induction
An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Cyclic GMP
Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
NADPH Dehydrogenase
A flavoprotein that reversibly oxidizes NADPH to NADP and a reduced acceptor. EC 1.6.99.1.
Vasodilation
The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Indazoles
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Nitroprusside
A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Citrulline
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine
A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.
Biopterin
A natural product that has been considered as a growth factor for some insects.
Isothiuronium
An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity.
Penicillamine
3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.
Guanidines
A family of iminourea derivatives. The parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. Derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Vasodilator Agents
Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
Nitrogen Oxides
Inorganic oxides that contain nitrogen.
Citrate (si)-Synthase
Enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (CITRIC ACID CYCLE). It catalyzes the reaction of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA to form citrate and coenzyme A. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.7.
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Guanylate Cyclase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. It also acts on ITP and dGTP. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.6.1.2.
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Blotting, Western
Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.
Aorta
The main trunk of the systemic arteries.
Superoxides
Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.
Amidines
Peroxynitrous Acid
A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).
Arginase
A ureahydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine or canavanine to yield L-ornithine (ORNITHINE) and urea. Deficiency of this enzyme causes HYPERARGININEMIA. EC 3.5.3.1.
Molsidomine
A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.
Isoenzymes
Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Blood Pressure
PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
Cyclooxygenase 2
An inducibly-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important role in many cellular processes and INFLAMMATION. It is the target of COX2 INHIBITORS.
Endothelial Cells
Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.
Acetylcholine
A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
Enzyme complexes that catalyze the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS from the appropriate unsaturated FATTY ACIDS, molecular OXYGEN, and a reduced acceptor.
Oxidative Stress
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).
Interferon-gamma
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Enzyme Activation
Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.
Glycogen Synthase
An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of D-glucose from UDPglucose into 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl chains. EC 2.4.1.11.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
A glycogen synthase kinase that was originally described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism. It regulates a diverse array of functions such as CELL DIVISION, microtubule function and APOPTOSIS.
Oxides
Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
Vasoconstriction
The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.
S-Nitrosoglutathione
A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.
Thymidylate Synthase
An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and dUMP to dihydrofolate and dTMP in the synthesis of thymidine triphosphate. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.1.1.45.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular
The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.
Interleukin-1
A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Oxadiazoles
Penis
The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra.
S-Nitrosothiols
A group of organic sulfur-containing nitrites, alkyl thionitrites. S-Nitrosothiols include compounds such as S-NITROSO-N-ACETYLPENICILLAMINE and S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE.
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
Compounds or agents that combine with cyclooxygenase (PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASES) and thereby prevent its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.
Regional Blood Flow
The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.
NF-kappa B
Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.
Nitrosation
Conversion into nitroso compounds. An example is the reaction of nitrites with amino compounds to form carcinogenic N-nitrosamines.
Reactive Oxygen Species
Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.
GTP Cyclohydrolase
(GTP cyclohydrolase I) or GTP 7,8-8,9-dihydrolase (pyrophosphate-forming) (GTP cyclohydrolase II). An enzyme group that hydrolyzes the imidazole ring of GTP, releasing carbon-8 as formate. Two C-N bonds are hydrolyzed and the pentase unit is isomerized. This is the first step in the synthesis of folic acid from GTP. EC 3.5.4.16 (GTP cyclohydrolase I) and EC 3.5.4.25 (GTP cyclohydrolase II).
Thiourea
A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.
Free Radical Scavengers
Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Cattle
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.
Aorta, Thoracic
The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.
Reactive Nitrogen Species
Nitrogenous products of NITRIC OXIDE synthases, ranging from NITRIC OXIDE to NITRATES. These reactive nitrogen intermediates also include the inorganic PEROXYNITROUS ACID and the organic S-NITROSOTHIOLS.
Indomethacin
A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Vasoconstrictor Agents
Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.
Superoxide Dismutase
An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.
Myocardium
The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.
Phosphorylation
The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.
Tyrosine
A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.
Nitrergic Neurons
Nerve cells where transmission is mediated by NITRIC OXIDE.
Lung
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
Gene Expression
The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.
Arterioles
The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.
Bradykinin
A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.
Up-Regulation
A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.
Pterins
Compounds based on 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine.
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Macrophages, Peritoneal
Mononuclear phagocytes derived from bone marrow precursors but resident in the peritoneum.
Macrophage Activation
The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants.
Rabbits
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Microcirculation
The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.
Hemodynamics
The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Pulmonary Artery
The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.
Kidney
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
Recombinant Proteins
Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
Antioxidants
Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.
Caveolin 1
A tyrosine phosphoprotein that plays an essential role in CAVEOLAE formation. It binds CHOLESTEROL and is involved in LIPIDS transport, membrane traffic, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Endothelin-1
A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
A group of cyclic GMP-dependent enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues of proteins.
Phenylephrine
An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.
Vascular Resistance
The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.
Vasomotor System
The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.
Anoxia
Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Penile Erection
The state of the PENIS when the erectile tissue becomes filled or swollen (tumid) with BLOOD and causes the penis to become rigid and elevated. It is a complex process involving CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS; HORMONES; SMOOTH MUSCLES; and vascular functions.
Ornithine
An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.
Analysis of Variance
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
Oxygen
An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Dinoprostone
The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.
NADPH Oxidase
A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the univalent reduction of OXYGEN using NADPH as an electron donor to create SUPEROXIDE ANION. The enzyme is dependent on a variety of CYTOCHROMES. Defects in the production of superoxide ions by enzymes such as NADPH oxidase result in GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC.
Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring
A class of organic compounds containing two ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic.
Nitroso Compounds
Mesenteric Arteries
Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.
Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors
Paracrine substances produced by the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM with VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation (VASODILATION) activities. Several factors have been identified, including NITRIC OXIDE and PROSTACYCLIN.
Quinoxalines
Coronary Vessels
The veins and arteries of the HEART.
Benzylamines
Toluenes in which one hydrogen of the methyl group is substituted by an amino group. Permitted are any substituents on the benzene ring or the amino group.
Cyclic N-Oxides
Heterocyclic compounds in which an oxygen is attached to a cyclic nitrogen.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Rats, Inbred WKY
A strain of Rattus norvegicus used as a normotensive control for the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Triazenes
Compounds with three contiguous nitrogen atoms in linear format, H2N-N=NH, and hydrocarbyl derivatives.
Imidazoles
Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES).
Hydrazines
Pulmonary Circulation
The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2
A high-affinity, low capacity system y+ amino acid transporter with strong similarity to CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER 1. The two isoforms of the protein, CAT-2A and CAT-2B, exist due to alternative mRNA splicing. The transporter has specificity for the transport of ARGININE; LYSINE; and ORNITHINE.
Down-Regulation
A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.
Arteries
The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
Gene Expression Regulation
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.
Methylene Blue
A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.
Heme
The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.
Zinc Oxide
A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Hydrogen Peroxide
A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.
Plant Extracts
Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.
Prostaglandins
A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.
Renal Circulation
The circulation of the BLOOD through the vessels of the KIDNEY.
Sheep
Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.
Breath Tests
Any tests done on exhaled air.
Administration, Inhalation
The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.
Muscle, Skeletal
A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
Diabetes mellitus induced experimentally by administration of various diabetogenic agents or by PANCREATECTOMY.
Canavanine
Rats, Inbred Lew
Models, Animal
Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.
DNA Primers
Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.
Blood Vessels
Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins).
Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)
A mixed function oxidase enzyme which during hemoglobin catabolism catalyzes the degradation of heme to ferrous iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin in the presence of molecular oxygen and reduced NADPH. The enzyme is induced by metals, particularly cobalt. EC 1.14.99.3.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).
Heme Oxygenase-1
A ubiquitous stress-responsive enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of HEME to yield IRON; CARBON MONOXIDE; and BILIVERDIN.
Calmodulin
A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.
Biological Factors
Endogenously-synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS.
Nitro Compounds
Compounds having the nitro group, -NO2, attached to carbon. When attached to nitrogen they are nitramines and attached to oxygen they are NITRATES.
Malate Synthase
An important enzyme in the glyoxylic acid cycle which reversibly catalyzes the synthesis of L-malate from acetyl-CoA and glyoxylate. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.2.
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Rats, Inbred SHR
A strain of Rattus norvegicus with elevated blood pressure used as a model for studying hypertension and stroke.
Heart Rate
The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include, but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.
Glutathione
A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.
Animals, Newborn
Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.
Caveolins
The main structural proteins of CAVEOLAE. Several distinct genes for caveolins have been identified.
Exhalation
The act of BREATHING out.
Cell Survival
The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.
Tryptophan Synthase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-serine and 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate to L-tryptophan and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. It is a pyridoxal phosphate protein that also catalyzes the conversion of serine and indole into tryptophan and water and of indoleglycerol phosphate into indole and glyceraldehyde phosphate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.2.1.20.
Spin Trapping
A technique for detecting short-lived reactive FREE RADICALS in biological systems by providing a nitrone or nitrose compound for an addition reaction to occur which produces an ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY-detectable aminoxyl radical. In spin trapping, the compound trapping the radical is called the spin trap and the addition product of the radical is identified as the spin adduct. (Free Rad Res Comm 1990;9(3-6):163)
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.
Oxidants
Electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION).
Peroxidase
A hemeprotein from leukocytes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to a hereditary disorder coupled with disseminated moniliasis. It catalyzes the conversion of a donor and peroxide to an oxidized donor and water. EC 1.11.1.7.
Nitroglycerin
A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury
Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.
Glutamate Synthase
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 2 molecules of glutamate from glutamine plus alpha-ketoglutarate in the presence of NADPH. EC 1.4.1.13.
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA from acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA. This is a key enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.5.

Inducible NO synthase: role in cellular signalling. (1/10638)

The discovery of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and its identification as nitric oxide (NO) was one of the most exciting discoveries of biomedical research in the 1980s. Besides its potent vasodilatory effects, NO was found under certain circumstances to be responsible for the killing of microorganisms and tumour cells by activated macrophages and to act as a novel, unconventional type of neurotransmitter. In 1992, Science picked NO as the 'Molecule of the Year', and over the past years NO has become established as a universal intercellular messenger that acutely affects important signalling pathways and, on a more long-term scale, modulates gene expression in target cells. These actions will form the focus of the present review.  (+info)

Expression of nitric oxide synthase in inflammatory bowel disease is not affected by corticosteroid treatment. (2/10638)

AIM: To examine the effect of corticosteroid treatment on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS: Four groups of patients were studied: (1) ulcerative colitis treated with high dose corticosteroids (six patients, 10 blocks); (2) ulcerative colitis patients who had never received corticosteroids (10 patients, 16 blocks); (3) Crohn's disease treated with high dose corticosteroids (12 patients, 24 blocks); (4) Non-inflammatory, non-neoplastic controls (four patients, six blocks). Full thickness paraffin sections of colons removed at surgery were immunostained with an antibody raised against the C terminal end of iNOS. Sections were assessed semiquantitatively for the presence and degree of inflammation and immunoreactivity for nitric oxide synthase. RESULTS: Cases of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease with active inflammation showed strong staining for nitric oxide synthase. The staining was diffuse in ulcerative colitis and patchy in Crohn's disease, in accordance with the distribution of active inflammation. Staining was seen in epithelial cells and was most intense near areas of inflammation such as crypt abscesses. Non-inflamed epithelium showed no immunoreactivity. Treatment with corticosteroids made no difference to the amount of nitric oxide synthase. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of nitric oxide synthase is increased in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and appears to be unaffected by treatment with corticosteroids. Disease severity necessitated surgery in all the cases included in this study, regardless of whether or not the patients had received long term corticosteroid treatment. It seems therefore that a high level of iNOS expression and, presumably, production of nitric oxide characterise cases which are refractory to clinical treatment; this suggests that specific inhibition of the enzyme may be a useful therapeutic adjunct.  (+info)

Phenotype of mice and macrophages deficient in both phagocyte oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. (3/10638)

The two genetically established antimicrobial mechanisms of macrophages are production of reactive oxygen intermediates by phagocyte oxidase (phox) and reactive nitrogen intermediates by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Mice doubly deficient in both enzymes (gp91(phox-/-)/NOS2(-/-)) formed massive abscesses containing commensal organisms, mostly enteric bacteria, even when reared under specific pathogen-free conditions with antibiotics. Neither parental strain showed such infections. Thus, phox and NOS2 appear to compensate for each other's deficiency in providing resistance to indigenous bacteria, and no other pathway does so fully. Macrophages from gp91(phox-/-)/NOS2(-/-) mice could not kill virulent Listeria. Their killing of S. typhimurium, E. coli, and attenuated Listeria was markedly diminished but demonstrable, establishing the existence of a mechanism of macrophage antibacterial activity independent of phox and NOS2.  (+info)

Role of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice as an experimental endotoxic shock model. (4/10638)

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic injury was studied in D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-sensitized mice. The inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) was immunohistochemically detected on hepatocytes around blood vessels in livers of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS not on hepatocytes in mice injected with D-GalN or LPS alone, although mRNA for iNOS was found in those mice. Nitrotyrosine (NT) was also found in livers of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS. The localization of NT was consistent with that of iNOS, and the time courses of NT and iNOS expression were almost the same. Expression of iNOS and NT was detected exclusively in the hepatic lesions of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha neutralizing antibody inhibited iNOS and NT expression and hepatic injury. The results suggested that NO from iNOS may play a role in LPS-induced hepatic injury on D-GalN-sensitized mice as an experimental endotoxic shock model.  (+info)

Gamma interferon stimulates rat alveolar macrophages to kill Pneumocystis carinii by L-arginine- and tumor necrosis factor-dependent mechanisms. (5/10638)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains a serious complication for immunocompromised patients. In the present study, P. carinii organisms interacted with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (AMs) to activate the L-arginine-dependent cytocidal pathway involving reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) that were assayed as nitrite (NO2-). Unstimulated cultures of AMs produced negligible quantities of RNI. Addition of P. carinii organisms to IFN-gamma-primed AMs resulted in greatly enhanced production of RNI. NO2- levels increased from 0.8 +/- 0.4 to 11.1 +/- 3.8 microM as early as 6 h after P. carinii organisms were incubated with IFN-gamma-stimulated AMs and to 35.1 +/- 8.9 microM after a 24-h incubation, a near-maximum level. High levels of NO2- were produced by AMs primed with as little as 10 U of IFN-gamma per ml in the presence of P. carinii, and a 20-fold increase in IFN-gamma concentration resulted in only a further 65% increase in NO2- production. RNI-dependent killing of P. carinii was demonstrated by both a 51Cr release assay and a [35S]methionine pulse immunoprecipitation assay. Addition of either monoclonal tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) neutralizing antibody or 200 microM NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NGMMA), a competitive inhibitor of the L-arginine-dependent pathway, significantly decreased NO2- production and reduced P. carinii killing. TNF-alpha alone had no effect on P. carinii viability. These results suggest that (i) the specific interaction of P. carinii organisms with IFN-gamma-primed AMs triggers the production of RNI, (ii) RNI are toxic to P. carinii, and (iii) TNF-alpha likely plays a central role in mediating P. carinii killing by IFN-gamma-stimulated AMs.  (+info)

Effect of transforming growth factor beta on experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice. (6/10638)

We have investigated the effect of the in vivo administration of recombinant transforming growth factor beta (rTGF-beta) on the pathogenic mechanisms involved in Salmonella typhimurium experimental infection in mice. The protective response elicited by macrophages was induced by rTGF-beta1 by 2 days after experimental infection, as demonstrated by an increased NO production, while the humoral protective effect began with cytokine mRNA expression 2 days after the challenge and continued after 5 days with cytokine release and lymphocyte activation. We demonstrated that all mice who received rTGF-beta1 survived 7 days after infection. The number of bacteria recovered in the spleens and in the livers of rTGF-beta1-treated mice 2 and 5 days after infection was significantly smaller than that found in the same organs after phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) inoculation. Furthermore, 2 and 5 days after infection, splenic macrophages from rTGF-beta1-treated mice showed a greater NO production than did those from PBS-treated mice. The effect of rTGF-beta1 on S. typhimurium infection in mice was correlated with the expression of cell costimulatory CD28 molecules. Five days after S. typhimurium infection, the percentage of CD28(+)-expressing T cells in splenic lymphocytes from rTGF-beta1-treated mice increased with respect to that from control mice. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) mRNA was present in a greater amount in spleen cells from rTGF-beta1-treated mice after 2 days, although the intensity of the band decreased 5 days after the challenge. A similar pattern was obtained with the mRNAs for interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-6, TGF-beta, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, which showed greater expression in cells obtained from rTGF-beta1-treated and S. typhimurium-infected mice 2 days after challenge. The treatment with rTGF-beta1 induced an increase in IL-1alpha and IFN-gamma release in the supernatant of splenocyte cultures 5 days after the experimental infection with S. typhimurium. Moreover, we demonstrated that 5 days after infection, the IFN-gamma titer was significantly greater in the sera of rTGF-beta-treated mice than in those of PBS-treated mice. Also, hsp60 showed greater expression 2 days after the challenge in splenocytes from rTGF-beta1-treated mice. The role played by proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines and by CD28 is discussed.  (+info)

AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase. (7/10638)

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in rat skeletal and cardiac muscle is activated by vigorous exercise and ischaemic stress. Under these conditions AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase causing increased oxidation of fatty acids. Here we show that AMPK co-immunoprecipitates with cardiac endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and phosphorylates Ser-1177 in the presence of Ca2+-calmodulin (CaM) to activate eNOS both in vitro and during ischaemia in rat hearts. In the absence of Ca2+-calmodulin, AMPK also phosphorylates eNOS at Thr-495 in the CaM-binding sequence, resulting in inhibition of eNOS activity but Thr-495 phosphorylation is unchanged during ischaemia. Phosphorylation of eNOS by the AMPK in endothelial cells and myocytes provides a further regulatory link between metabolic stress and cardiovascular function.  (+info)

The stimulatory effects of Hofmeister ions on the activities of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase. Apparent substrate inhibition by l-arginine is overcome in the presence of protein-destabilizing agents. (8/10638)

A variety of monovalent anions and cations were effective in stimulating both calcium ion/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM)-independent NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity of, and Ca2+/CaM-dependent nitric oxide (NO.) synthesis by, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The efficacy of the ions in stimulating both activities could be correlated, in general, with their efficacy in precipitating or stabilizing certain proteins, an order referred to as the Hofmeister ion series. In the hemoglobin capture assay, used for measurement of NO. production, apparent substrate inhibition by L-arginine was almost completely reversed by the addition of sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), one of the more effective protein-destabilizing agents tested. Examination of this phenomenon by the assay of L-arginine conversion to L-citrulline revealed that the stimulatory effect of NaClO4 on the reaction was observed only in the presence of oxyhemoglobin or superoxide anion (generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase), both scavengers of NO. Spectrophotometric examination of nNOS revealed that the addition of NaClO4 and a superoxide-generating system, but neither alone, prevented the increase of heme absorption at 436 nm, which has been attributed to the nitrosyl complex. The data are consistent with the release of autoinhibitory NO. coordinated to the prosthetic group of nNOS, which, in conjunction with an NO. scavenger, causes stimulation of the reaction.  (+info)

Distribution and function of recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase in transplanted hearts<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Distribution and function of recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase in transplanted hearts. AU - Yap, J.. AU - OBrien, T.. AU - Pellegrini, C.. AU - Barber, D. A.. AU - Tazelaar, H. D.. AU - Severson, S. R.. AU - Miller, V. M.. AU - McGregor, C. G.A.. PY - 1999/6/1. Y1 - 1999/6/1. N2 - Introducing recombinant genes into donor hearts may offer a therapeutic intervention that could potentially attenuate the complications of heart transplantation, including rejection, infection and accelerated atherosclerosis. In the cardiovascular system, reduced bioactivity of endothelial nitric oxide is a feature of atherosclerosis and vascular injury. Nitric oxide is an arterial vasodilator that also inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and platelet aggregation. Experiments were designed to determine the distribution of adenoviral-mediated transfer of recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (eNOS) and the effect of recombinant gene expression on the function ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/distribution-and-function-of-recombinant-endothelial-nitric-oxide
Patent US6147109 - Upregulation of Type III endothelial cell Nitric Oxide Synthase by HMG-CoA ... - Google PatentsPatent US6147109 - Upregulation of Type III endothelial cell Nitric Oxide Synthase by HMG-CoA ... - Google Patents
A new use for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors is provided. In the instant invention, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are found to upregulate endothelial cell Nitric Oxide Synthase activity through a mechanism other than preventing the formation of oxidative-LDL. As a result, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are useful in treating or preventing conditions that result from the abnormally low expression and/or activity of endothelial cell Nitric Oxide Synthase. Such conditions include pulmonary hypertension, ischemic stroke, impotence, heart failure, hypoxia-induced conditions, insulin deficiency, progressive renal disease, gastric or esophageal motility syndrome, etc. Subjects thought to benefit mostly from such treatments include nonhyperlipidemics and nonhypercholesterolemics, but not necessarily exclude hyperlipidemics and hypercholesterolemics.
http://www.google.com/patents/US6147109?dq=%22robert+sheehan%22
Patent US6180597 - Upregulation of Type III endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase by rho ... - Google PatentsPatent US6180597 - Upregulation of Type III endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase by rho ... - Google Patents
A use for rho GTPase function inhibitors is provided. In the instant invention, rho GTPase function inhibitors are found to upregulate endothelial cell Nitric Oxide Synthase activity. As a result, rho GTPase function inhibitors are useful in treating or preventing conditions that result from the abnormally low expression and/or activity of endothelial cell Nitric Oxide Synthase. Such conditions include pulmonary hypertension, ischemic stroke, impotence, heart failure, hypoxia-induced conditions, insulin deficiency, progressive renal disease, gastric or esophageal motility syndrome, etc. Subjects thought to benefit mostly from such treatments include nonhyperlipidemics and nonhypercholesterolemics, but do not necessarily exclude hyperlipidemics and hypercholesterolemics.
http://www.google.ca/patents/US6180597
Melatonin counteracts lipopolysaccharide-induced expression and activity of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase in rats. -...
Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) is expressed constitutively, although it might be induced. Nitric oxide (NO) is a physiological regulator of mitochondrial respiration. Melatonin prevents mitochondrial oxidative damage and inhibits iNOS expression induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The loss of melatonin with age may be related to the age-dependent mitochondrial damage. Thus, we examined the protective role of melatonin against the effects of LPS on mtNOS and on respiratory complexes activity in liver and lung mitochondria from young and old rats. The activity of mtNOS in control lung was low and did not change with age. LPS administration (10 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly increased mtNOS expression and activity and NO production in lung mitochondria, and the effect was greater in old rats. LPS administration also reduced the age-dependent decrease of the respiratory complexes I and IV. Melatonin administration (60 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented the LPS toxicity, decreasing ...
https://inymelbio.com/melatonin-counteracts-lipopolysaccharide/
Curcumin inhibits nitric oxide synthase gene expression | ENCOGNITIVE.COMCurcumin inhibits nitric oxide synthase gene expression | ENCOGNITIVE.COM
Curcumin inhibits nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Curcumin is a naturally occurring, dietary polyphenolic phytochemical that has been shown to inhibit cancer among other things. With respect to inflammation, it inhibits the activation of free radical activated transcription factors, and reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin-1 and interleukin-8). Upon inflammation, an enzyme is induced (nitric oxide synthase) that catalyzes the production of nitric oxide (NO), a molecule that may lead to carcinogenesis. In this study in mouse immune cells curcumin reduced the production of nitric oxide in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, curcumin reduced nitric oxide expression in the livers of mice by 50-70%. Investigators were able to obtain potency at nanomoles per gram of body weight, even though it is believed that curcumin needs to be given at dosages that are unattainable through diet to produce an in vivo effect. ...
http://encognitive.com/node/13391
Prevention of nitric oxide synthase induction in vascular smooth muscle cells by microtubule depolymerizing agents<...Prevention of nitric oxide synthase induction in vascular smooth muscle cells by microtubule depolymerizing agents<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Prevention of nitric oxide synthase induction in vascular smooth muscle cells by microtubule depolymerizing agents. AU - Marczin, Nándor. AU - Papapetropoulos, Andreas. AU - Jilling, Tamás. AU - Catravas, John D.. PY - 1993/1/1. Y1 - 1993/1/1. N2 - We investigated the role of microtubules in the induction of nitric oxide synthase in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. We found that like interleukin‐1α, lipopolysaccharide elicited a time and concentration‐dependent accumulation of cyclic GMP via induction of nitric oxide synthase. Nocodazole and colchicine, two chemically distinct microtubule depolymerizing agents, completely prevented lipopolysaccharide‐ and interleukin‐induced (and nitric oxide‐mediated) cyclic GMP generation. In contrast to lipopolysaccharide and interleukin‐1α, cyclic GMP accumulation in response to sodium nitroprusside, an exogenous nitrovasodilator, was not altered by either nocodazole or colchicine. Our findings demonstrate that ...
https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/prevention-of-nitric-oxide-synthase-induction-in-vascular-smooth-
Nitric oxide synthase activity is increased in relation to the severity of liver dysfunction | Clinical ScienceNitric oxide synthase activity is increased in relation to the severity of liver dysfunction | Clinical Science
1.Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator which plays a major role in the control of blood pressure. The hyperdynamic circulation of cirrhosis has been linked to nitric oxide.. 2.We measured neutrophil nitric oxide synthase activity in relation to the level of hepatic dysfunction in patients with liver disease of varying aetiology and severity.. 3.Neutrophils were isolated from 21 patients (7 Child-Pugh score A, 6 grade B and 8 grade C) aged 28-76 (median 49) years. Nitric oxide synthase activity was measured using the conversion of oxyhaemoglobin to methaemoglobin by nitric oxide and expressed in terms of cell protein. Blood pressure and biochemical indices were recorded. Data were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U-test or Pearson correlation as appropriate.. 4.Systolic, mean arterial and diastolic blood pressures decreased with increasing hepatic damage (P = 0.031, P = 0.01 and P = 0.038 respectively). Nitric oxide synthase activity increased with the ...
http://www.clinsci.org/content/95/3/355
Hydrogen peroxide decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter activity through the inhibition of Sp1 activity<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hydrogen peroxide decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter activity through the inhibition of Sp1 activity. AU - Kumar, Sanjiv. AU - Sun, Xutong. AU - Wiseman, Dean A.. AU - Tian, Jing. AU - Umapathy, Nagavedi S.. AU - Verin, Alexander D.. AU - Black, Stephen M.. PY - 2009/3/1. Y1 - 2009/3/1. N2 - We have previously shown that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) promoter activity is decreased in endothelial cells in response to the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and this involves, at least in part, the inhibition of AP-1 activity. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine if other cis-element(s) and transcription factor(s) are involved in the oxidant-mediated downregulation of eNOS. Our initial experiments indicated that although H2O2 treatment increased eNOS mRNA levels in ovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (OPAECs), there was a significant decrease in the promoter activity of an eNOS promoter construct containing 840 bp of upstream ...
https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/hydrogen-peroxide-decreases-endothelial-nitric-oxide-synthase-pro-2
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Pu-erh Tea Reduces Nitric Oxide Levels in Rats by Inhibiting Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Pu-erh Tea Reduces Nitric Oxide Levels in Rats by Inhibiting Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression...
Pu-erh tea undergoes a unique fermentation process and contains theabrownins, polysaccharides and caffeine; although it is unclear about which component is associated with the down regulation of nitric oxide levels or how this process is mediated. To address this question we examined the effects of pu-erh tea on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes. Cohorts of rats were separately given four-week treatments of water as control, pu-erh tea, or the tea components: theabrownins, caffeine or polysaccharides. Five experimental groups were injected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce nitric oxide (NO) production, while the corresponding five control groups were injected with saline as a negative control. The serum and liver NO concentrations were examined and the NOS expression of both mRNA and protein was measured in liver. The results showed that the rats which were fed pu-erh tea or polysaccharides had lower levels of NO which corresponded with the down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/13/6/7174
Effects of Nerve Growth Factor and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors on Amyloid Precursor Protein mRNA Levels and Protein...Effects of Nerve Growth Factor and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors on Amyloid Precursor Protein mRNA Levels and Protein...
Effects of Nerve Growth Factor and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors on Amyloid Precursor Protein mRNA Levels and Protein Stability
https://openbiochemistryjournal.com/VOLUME/6/PAGE/31/FULLTEXT/
Adventitial Gene Transfer of Recombinant Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase to Rabbit Carotid Arteries Alters Vascular...Adventitial Gene Transfer of Recombinant Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase to Rabbit Carotid Arteries Alters Vascular...
This study demonstrates for the first time that expression of a recombinant protein in the adventitia by in vivo adenovirus-mediated gene transfer can result in a biological effect. Our results indicate that delivery of adenoviral vectors encoding the β-galactosidase and eNOS genes to the periarterial sheath of rabbit carotid arteries results in adventitia-specific gene transfer and expression. Expression of recombinant eNOS in the adventitia resulted in marked increase in calcium-dependent NOS activity, an elevation of cGMP levels, and a diminished sensitivity to phenylephrine. Furthermore, the recombinant eNOS is responsive to stimulation by calcium ionophore and acetylcholine, as manifested by enhanced relaxations to these agents.. Gene transfer to the adventitia by adenoviral vectors has been demonstrated by Rios and coworkers9 in monkey femoral and carotid arteries. We obtained similar adventitia-specific gene transfer in rabbit carotid arteries by instilling adenoviral vectors into the ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/96/7/2254
Activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway contributes to inflammation-induced osteoporosis by suppressing bone...Activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway contributes to inflammation-induced osteoporosis by suppressing bone...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway contributes to inflammation-induced osteoporosis by suppressing bone formation and causing osteoblast apoptosis. AU - Armour, K. J.. AU - Armour, K. E.. AU - Van T Hof, Robert Jurgen. AU - Reid, David M. AU - Wei, X.. AU - Liew, F. Y.. AU - Ralston, S. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - Objective. Osteoporosis is a major clinical problem in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanism of bone loss in this condition remains unclear, but previous studies have indicated that depressed bone formation plays a causal role. Since cytokine-induced nitric oxide (NO) production has been shown to inhibit osteoblast growth and differentiation in vitro, this study was undertaken to investigate the role of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) pathway in the pathogenesis of inflammation-mediated osteoporosis (IMO) by studying mice with targeted inactivation of the iNOS gene (iNOS knockout [iNOS KO] mice).Methods. IMO was ...
https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/activation-of-the-inducible-nitric-oxide-synthase-pathway-contrib
Increased Activity of Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cardiac Endothelium in Spontaneous Hypertension | CirculationIncreased Activity of Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cardiac Endothelium in Spontaneous Hypertension | Circulation
This study shows that adult hypertensive SHR exhibit higher cNOS activity in the heart than normotensive WKY rats. In contrast, in young SHR, in which high blood pressure is not yet established, cNOS activity was similar to that in young and adult WKY rats. These findings indicate that increased cNOS activity in the heart is related to hypertension and not to differences in age or strain. The left and right ventricles hold the highest differential pressure in the cardiovascular system18 ; this difference is higher in hypertension.18 19 The cNOS activity, selectively assessed in both sides of the heart, indicated that in hypertensive animals the left side has higher enzyme activity than the right side. In normotensive rats, on the other hand, the activities of the enzyme were similar in both sides of the heart. Whole hearts of adult WKY rats showed no enhanced cNOS activity compared with those of young rats, while blood pressure was significantly higher. These observations suggest that within the ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/91/9/2310
The Oct DNA motif participates in the alcohol inhibition of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene promoter in rat C6 glioma...The Oct DNA motif participates in the alcohol inhibition of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene promoter in rat C6 glioma...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The Oct DNA motif participates in the alcohol inhibition of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene promoter in rat C6 glioma cells. AU - Sanchez, Alma C.. AU - Davis, Randall L.. AU - Syapin, Peter J.. PY - 2007/11/7. Y1 - 2007/11/7. N2 - Induction of nitric oxide synthase-2 (iNOS) by cytokines and bacterial products is associated with protein binding at the proximal promoter and in an upstream enhancer region of the Nos2 gene. To clarify how ethanol suppresses rat iNOS activity, we constructed several deletion mutants of the Nos2 promoter fused to the luciferase gene and transfected the constructs into C6 glial cells. Acute ethanol exposure of stably transfected cells for 24 h inhibits induced activity of Nos2 promoter constructs containing deletions in the 5′ flanking region, including a 94 bp promoter that lacks any known NF-κB site but which carries a C/EBPβ and overlapping γ-IRE, GAS and Oct motifs. Ethanol failed to inhibit the endogenous activity of a smaller, 78 bp ...
https://scholars.okstate.edu/en/publications/the-oct-dna-motif-participates-in-the-alcohol-inhibition-of-the-i
Lirias: Expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase in the retinas of human subjects with diabetes mellitusLirias: Expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase in the retinas of human subjects with diabetes mellitus
PURPOSE: Inducible nitric oxide synthase has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemic damage, in the angiogenic process and in diabetic vascular damage. This study was undertaken to determine whether inducible nitric oxide synthase is present in the retinas from human subjects with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This was an experimental immunohistochemical prospective study. Ten postmortem eyes from five subjects with diabetes mellitus, 10 eyes from five subjects without diabetes and without known ocular disease, and two eyes from one subject with unilateral ocular ischemic syndrome secondary to severe carotid artery obstruction were examined. We used immunohistochemical techniques and antibodies directed against inducible nitric oxide synthase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and vimentin. The main outcome measure was immunoreactivity for these antibodies. RESULTS: Immunoreactivity for inducible nitric oxide synthase was not observed in retinas from all subjects without diabetes ...
https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/28018
Effects of angiotensin II infusion and inhibition of nitric oxide synthase on the rat aorta. - Semantic ScholarEffects of angiotensin II infusion and inhibition of nitric oxide synthase on the rat aorta. - Semantic Scholar
In previous studies, we showed that in vivo infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) to adult rats induced vascular changes in gene expression, and this effect did not depend solely on blood pressure elevation. To determine whether nitric oxide can influence the effects of Ang II on the vessel wall, we administered to rats Ang II separately or in combination with the arginine analogue N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, which inhibits nitric oxide synthase chronically when given in vivo. We measured changes in aortic medial thickness, the association of macrophages with the endothelial surface of the aorta, the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the intima and adventitia as an index of aortic cell cycle changes, and the expression of immunodetectable fibronectin as an index of changes in the extra-cellular matrix. After 18 days of nitric oxide inhibition, the major changes were increased medial thickness and a 3.5-fold increase in the number of adherent macrophages. Rats treated with two
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Effects-of-angiotensin-II-infusion-and-inhibition-Kato-Hou/dc539735172789992033000b13e6b5d0fa7e3a12
Sildenafil nitric oxide synthase - Viagra online canadian pharmacy
Looking for online definition of Nitrogen monoxide in the Medical. peripheral nerves by a constitutive nitric oxide synthase,. (see SILDENAFIL). nitric oxide.Background Inhaled nitric oxide improves gas exchange in neonates, but the efficacy of low-dose inhaled nitric oxide in reducing the need for extracorporeal membrane.The inhalation of nitric oxide. Saleh D. Reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in. et al. Hemodynamic response to sildenafil, nitric oxide,.PubMed comprises more than 26 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books.Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension With Sildenafil:. of sildenafil.. The Internet Journal of Pulmonary Medicine. 2005 Volume 6 Number 1. Abstract.Endothelial Dysfunction in the Human Umbilical Artery due to Preeclampsia.Top online canadia pharmacy - cialis, viagra, propecia, diflucan and other tablets.When you feel fatigued in the gym, do you think of taking a nitric oxide ...
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Increased organ blood flow in chronic endotoxemia is reversed by nitric oxide synthase inhibition<...Increased organ blood flow in chronic endotoxemia is reversed by nitric oxide synthase inhibition<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Increased organ blood flow in chronic endotoxemia is reversed by nitric oxide synthase inhibition. AU - Meyer, J.. AU - Hinder, F.. AU - Stothert, J.. AU - Traber, L. D.. AU - Herndon, David. AU - Flynn, J. T.. AU - Traber, D. L.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - We evaluated regional blood flows in a hyperdynamic sepsis model and the reversal of increased flows by blockade of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Seven awake sheep were continuously infused with Escherichia coli endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 10 ng · kg-1 · min-1] for 48 h. The NO synthase inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 25 mg/kg) was injected after 24 h. Blood flows to systemic organs were determined with the radioactive microsphere technique. LPS induced elevation of cardiac index by 36% (P , 0.05) and a fall in systemic vascular resistance index by 37% (P , 0.05) at 0 h [time of L-NAME administration, 24 h after infusion of LPS had begun]. L-NAME administration normalized cardiac index [6.1 ± ...
https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/increased-organ-blood-flow-in-chronic-endotoxemia-is-reversed-by-
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20024598 - Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide...NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20024598 - Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide...
Exposure of mice to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) increases nitric oxide (NO) production, which is proposed to play a role in the resulting pulmonary damage and inflammation. To determine the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-induced NO in this lung reaction, the responses of inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS KO) versus C57BL/6J wild-type (WT)
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20024598.html
Dexamethasone Up-Regulates a Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cerebellar Astrocytes but Not in Granule Cells in Culture -...Dexamethasone Up-Regulates a Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cerebellar Astrocytes but Not in Granule Cells in Culture -...
Abstract: Treatment of rat cerebellar astrocyte-enriched primary cultures with dexamethasone enhances the nitric oxide-dependent cyclic GMP formation induced by noradrenaline in a time-(,6 h) and concentration-dependent manner (half-maximal effect at 1 nM). Stimulation of cyclic GMP formation by the calcium ionophore A23187 is similarly enhanced. In contrast, cyclic GMP accumulation in cells treated with lipopolysaccharide is inhibited by dexamethasone. The potentiating effect of dexamethasone is prevented by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and is not due to increased soluble guanylate cyclase activity. Agonist stimulation of [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline conversion is enhanced by dexamethasone in astrocytes but not in cerebellar granule cells. These results indicate that glucocorticoids may up-regulate astroglial calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthase while preventing expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and are the first report of a differential long-term regulation of ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64010447.x/full
Systemic nitric oxide production in human malaria: II. Analysis of mononuclear cell nitric oxide synthase type 2 antigen...Systemic nitric oxide production in human malaria: II. Analysis of mononuclear cell nitric oxide synthase type 2 antigen...
As described in Chapter 42, niric oxide (NO) is synthesized from the amino acid l-arginine by the actions of a family of enymes, the NO synthases (NOS), each isoform of which is encoded by a separate gene. Two NOS isoforms are calcium-dependent and constitutively expressed and produce low levels of NO: NOS1 (neuronal NOS or nNOS), which is found mostly in neurons and skeletal muscle, and NOS3 (endothelial NOS or eNOS), which is found mostly in endothelial cells. NOS1 is critical for neurotransmission and learning, and NOS3 regulates vascular tone and adhesion of circulating cells. Inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS2) is transcriptionally induced by proinflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interferon-γ [IFN-γ]) and microbial products (e.g., lipoplysaccharide [LPS]). iNOS is calciumindependent, expressed by many cell types (especially mononuclear phagocytes, hepatocytes, chondrocytes and smooth muscle cells) and is responsible for high output NO production (1-3). While ...
http://espace.cdu.edu.au/view/cdu:4805
Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase: a ubiquitous regulator of oxidative phosphorylation? - PubMed - NCBIMitochondrial nitric oxide synthase: a ubiquitous regulator of oxidative phosphorylation? - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8573169?dopt=Abstract
Myeloperoxidase up-regulates the catalytic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase by preventing nitric oxide feedback...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Myeloperoxidase up-regulates the catalytic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase by preventing nitric oxide feedback inhibition. AU - Galijasevic, Semira. AU - Saed, Ghassan M.. AU - Diamond, Michael P.. AU - Abu-Soud, Husam M.. PY - 2003/12/9. Y1 - 2003/12/9. N2 - Kinetic and structure analysis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) revealed that, in addition to the increase of iNOS expression in inflamed areas, the major pathway causing overproduction of NO is destabilization of the iNOS-nitrosyl complex(es) that form during steady-state catalysis. Formation of such a complex allows iNOS to operate at only a fraction (20-30%) of its maximum activity. Thus, bioavailability of NO scavengers at sites of inflammation may play an essential role in up-regulation of the catalytic activity of iNOS, by preventing the catalytic activity inhibition that is attributed to nitrosyl complex formation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a major NO scavenger, is a pivotal enzyme involved in ...
https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/myeloperoxidase-up-regulates-the-catalytic-activity-of-inducible-
Nitric oxide synthase isoforms and glomerular hyperfiltration in early diabetic nephropathy | Read by QxMDNitric oxide synthase isoforms and glomerular hyperfiltration in early diabetic nephropathy | Read by QxMD
This study tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO)-mediated renal vasodilation due to the activity of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contributes to glomerular hyperfiltration in diabetic rats. Two weeks after induction of diabetes mellitus by streptozotocin, mean arterial BP (MAP), GFR (inulin clearance), and renal plasma flow (RPF) (para-aminohippurate clearance) were measured in conscious instrumented rats. Diabetic rats had elevated GFR (3129 +/- 309 microl/min versus 2297 +/- 264 microl/min in untreated control rats, P , 0.05) and RPF (10526 +/- 679 microl/min versus 8005 +/- 534 microl/min), which was prevented by chronic insulin treatment. Intravenous administration of 0.1 and 1 mg of L-imino-ethyl-lysine (L-NIL), an inhibitor of iNOS, did not affect MAP, GFR, or RPF, either in diabetic or control rats. A higher L-NIL dose (10 mg) increased MAP and decreased RPF in diabetic rats significantly (n = 6, P , 0.05), but not in controls (n = 6). In addition, 0.1 mg of ...
https://read.qxmd.com/read/10616842/nitric-oxide-synthase-isoforms-and-glomerular-hyperfiltration-in-early-diabetic-nephropathy
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Elevation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in the Mouse Brain after...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Elevation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in the Mouse Brain after...
The present study was performed to investigate the effects of chronic administration of nonylphenol (NP) on the expression of inflammation-related genes in the brains of mice. NP was given orally by gavages at 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/d. The expression of inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting assays. The nitric oxide (NO) level and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity were also measured by biochemical analyses. The results showed that NP at a high dose (200 mg/kg/d) significantly increased the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in both the hippocampus and cortex. In parallel with the increase in iNOS expression, the NO level was significantly greater at the dose of 200 mg/kg/d, compared to the control. The activity of NOS was also increased in the brain of mice at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg/d. These findings demonstrate that NP may have the potential to induce the chronic inflammation or cause
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/9/10/1977/notes
Distribution of nitric oxide synthase in the human cerebral blood vessels and brain tissues<...Distribution of nitric oxide synthase in the human cerebral blood vessels and brain tissues<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Distribution of nitric oxide synthase in the human cerebral blood vessels and brain tissues. AU - Tomimoto, Hidekazu. AU - Nishimura, Masaki. AU - Suenaga, Toshihiko. AU - Nakamura, Sinichi. AU - Akiguchi, Ichiro. AU - Wakita, Hideaki. AU - Kimura, Jun. AU - Mayer, Bernd. PY - 1994/11. Y1 - 1994/11. N2 - The distribution of nitric oxide synthase was investigated in human cerebral blood vessels and brain tissues. NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, which is a marker for nitric oxide synthase in neurons and endothelial cells, revealed periadventitial nerve fibers in the arteries of the circle of Willis and their cortical branches, as well as the common carotid and subclavian arteries. The fibers were mostly nonvaricose in the periadventitial nerve trunk and were varicose within the adventitia. Patchy reaction products were distributed in the perinuclear region of each endothelial cell. Smooth muscle cells in the tunica media were weakly stained. Staining was particularly intense in ...
https://pure.fujita-hu.ac.jp/ja/publications/distribution-of-nitric-oxide-synthase-in-the-human-cerebral-blood
Nitric Oxide Synthase inhibition counteracts the s... - BV FAPESP
MACIEL, IZAQUE DE SOUSA... Nitric Oxide Synthase inhibition counteracts the stress-induced DNA methyltransferase 3b expression in the hippocampus of rats. European Journal of Neuroscience n. p. DEC 2020. Journal article.
https://bv.fapesp.br/en/publicacao/186826/nitric-oxide-synthase-inhibition-counteracts-the-stress-indu/
Hypoxia-induced regulation of nitric oxide synthase in cardiac endothelial cells and myocytes and the role of the PI3-K/PKB...Hypoxia-induced regulation of nitric oxide synthase in cardiac endothelial cells and myocytes and the role of the PI3-K/PKB...
The roles of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and its putative association with protein kinase B (PKB), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are not well characterized in hypoxic cardiac cells and there is a lack of studies that measure nitric oxide (NO) directly. Objective: To measure NO production in cardiomyocytes and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) under baseline and hypoxic conditions and to evaluate the expression, regulation and activation of eNOS, iNOS and PKB. The effect of PI3-K/PKB inhibition on NO production and eNOS expression/activation was also investigated. Methods: Adult rat cardiomyocytes and rat CMECs were made hypoxic by cell pelleting and low PO2 incubation. Intracellular NO was measured by FACS analysis of DAF-2/DA fluorescence, and eNOS, iNOS and PKB were evaluated by Western blotting or flow cytometry. Upstream PKB inhibition was achieved with wortmannin. Results: (1) NO levels increased in both cell types after exposure to hypoxia. (2) In ...
http://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/11475
Structural Studies on Nitric Oxide Synthase - Thomas PoulosStructural Studies on Nitric Oxide Synthase - Thomas Poulos
The long range goal of this project is to study structure-function relationships in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and to develop isoform selective NOS inhibitors...
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-GM057353-16
High inducible nitric oxide synthase in prostate tumor epithelium is associated with lethal prostate cancerHigh inducible nitric oxide synthase in prostate tumor epithelium is associated with lethal prostate cancer
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lethal prostate cancer (PCa) by studying the iNOS immunoreactivity in tumor tissue from men diagnosed with localized PCa.. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is nested within a cohort of men diagnosed with incidental PCa undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (the Swedish Watchful Waiting Cohort). To investigate molecular determinants of lethal PCa, men who died from PCa (n = 132) were selected as cases; controls (n = 168) comprised men with PCa who survived for at least 10 years without dying from PCa during follow-up. The immunoreactivity of iNOS in prostate tumor epithelial cells and in cells of the surrounding stroma was scored as low/negative, moderate or high. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for lethal PCa according to iNOS category.. RESULTS: There was no association between iNOS immunoreactivity in stroma ...
http://oru.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1173599&c=21&searchType=RESEARCH&language=en&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22personId%22%3A%22authority-person%3A37426%22%7D%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all
Nitric oxide synthase oxygenase - Stock Image C035/5452 - Science Photo LibraryNitric oxide synthase oxygenase - Stock Image C035/5452 - Science Photo Library
Nitric oxide synthase oxygenase. Computer model showing the dimeric structure of murine nitric oxide synthase oxygenase (yellow, pink-red). The heme groups (green) assist in creating nitric oxide. This enzyme catalyses the production of nitric oxide. - Stock Image C035/5452
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/846535/view
Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitrotyrosin...Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitrotyrosin...
Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitrotyrosine in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions: Nitric oxide generated by the inducible form of nitric oxide synt
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/expression-of-inducible-nitric-oxide-synthase-and-nitrotyrosine-in-multiple-sclerosis-lesions
Blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and gastric mucosal...Blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and gastric mucosal...
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is recognized as a primary factor in the etiology of gastric disease and its early pathogenic effects are manifested by up-regulation in proinflammatory cytokine release, enhancement in nitric oxide generation, and amplification of apoptotic events. We applied the animal model of H. pylori -induced gastritis to study the effect of a specific inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), SB 203580, on the mucosal apoptotic processes, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) activity and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Groups of rats were pretreated intragastrically with SB 203580 (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) or vehicle, followed 60 min later by intragastric application of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide at 50 μg/animal, and after 2 and 4 additional days on the twice daily regimen of SB 203580 or vehicle, the animals were killed and their gastric mucosal tissue subjected to histologic and biochemical assessment. In the absence of SB
http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/156856000750264438
Effect of 17-? Estradiol on the Expression of Inducible Nitric oxide Synthase in Parent and Tamoxifen Resistant T47D Breast...Effect of 17-? Estradiol on the Expression of Inducible Nitric oxide Synthase in Parent and Tamoxifen Resistant T47D Breast...
Indirect evidence suggests that estrogen is involved in the etiology of breast cancer. Estrogen is also thought to modulate nitric oxide (NO) in human breast tumor tissue via regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Objectives of this study were to determine whether estradiol (E2) affects iNOS expression level in breast cancer cells and to study the effect of various concentrations of E2 on cell proliferation. Immunocytochemical technique was employed to assess iNOS expression level. Proliferation of parent and 10-6 M tamoxifen resistant cells (T47D/TAMR-6) were assessed by MTT assay in the presence of E2. Addition of E2 (10-12 to 10-8 M) increases the expression of iNOS in parent cells, but not T47D/TAMR-6, Further increase in concentrations of E2 (10-8 to 10-4 M) again decreases the expression of iNOS in parent cells, but increase that of the T47D/TAMR-6 cells. Expression of iNOS in parent cells in a medium containing 1% serum (low serum) is less than the cells grown in a medium
http://ijpr.sbmu.ac.ir/article_800.html
Protein Kinase C Mediates Lipopolysaccharide- and Phorbol-Induced Nitric-Oxide Synthase Activity and Cellular Injury in the Rat...Protein Kinase C Mediates Lipopolysaccharide- and Phorbol-Induced Nitric-Oxide Synthase Activity and Cellular Injury in the Rat...
The results of the present study indicate that administration of bacterial endotoxin LPS to experimental animals resulted in an increase in the extent of cell injury as well as an increase in inducible NOS activity in epithelial cells harvested from the colonic mucosa. This confirms previous findings that LPS treatment would activate iNOS and the resultant NO thus liberated could account for the increase in colonic cellular damage (Tepperman et al., 1994). Furthermore, the present data indicate that LPS treatment results in an increase in the activity of PKC in the cells isolated from the colonic mucosa. The increase in PKC occurs within the 1st h after LPS treatment, whereas the increase in iNOS activity was not observed until 4 h after LPS injection, a time that corresponded to the increase in the extent of cell injury. This temporal relationship suggests that the increase in PKC may mediate the cellular injury via activation of iNOS. This suggestion is further supported by the finding that ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/295/3/1249.long
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the vascular wall: Mechanisms regulating its expression and enzymatic function - Radcliffe...Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the vascular wall: Mechanisms regulating its expression and enzymatic function - Radcliffe...
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is the main source of nitric oxide (NO) in the vascular wall, a molecule with anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, vasorelaxant, antioxidant and finally antiatherogenic properties. eNOS is expressed in vascular endothelium, and it uses l-arginine as a substrate, while it also requires the presence of multiple co-factors such as tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH) and others. In the presence of BH4 deficiency, this enzyme becomes uncoupled, and it is turned into a source of superoxide radicals instead of NO. Therefore, under these conditions which are present in patients with advanced atherosclerosis, eNOS in human vascular endothelium is largely a source of reactive oxygen species, inducing in this way atherogenesis. Therefore, the aim of future therapeutic strategies targeting atherosclerosis through regulation of eNOS physiology, should take into account that up-regulation of this enzyme in the vascular wall may
https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/223343
Modulation of nerve growth factor-induced activation of MAP kinase in PC12 cells by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. -...Modulation of nerve growth factor-induced activation of MAP kinase in PC12 cells by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. -...
Nerve growth factor (NGF) increases expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isozymes leading to enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO). NOS inhibitors attenuate NGF-mediated increases in cholinergic gene expression and neurite outgrowth. Mechanisms underlying this are unknown, but the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway plays an important role in NGF signaling. Like NGF, NO donors activate Ras leading to phosphorylation of MAP kinase. The present study investigated the role of NO in NGF-mediated activation of MAP kinase in PC12 cells. Cells were treated with 50 ng/mL NGF to establish the temporal pattern for rapid and sustained activation phases of MAP kinase kinase (MEK)-1/2 and p42/p44-MAP kinase. Subsequently, cells were pretreated with NOS inhibitors Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methylester and s-methylisothiourea and exposed to NGF for up to 24 h. NGF-induced activation of MEK-1/2 and p42/p44-MAP kinase was not dependent on NO, but sustained phosphorylation of MAP kinase was modulated by
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Modulation-of-nerve-growth-factor-induced-activati-Kalisch-Demeris/eafe1baa974b84980306fccf8e386a6ecb9eb33b
Nitric oxide synthase - WikipediaNitric oxide synthase - Wikipedia
Nitric oxide synthases (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. NO is an important cellular signaling molecule. It helps modulate vascular tone, insulin secretion, airway tone, and peristalsis, and is involved in angiogenesis and neural development. It may function as a retrograde neurotransmitter. Nitric oxide is mediated in mammals by the calcium-calmodulin controlled isoenzymes eNOS (endothelial NOS) and nNOS (neuronal NOS). The inducible isoform, iNOS, is involved in immune response, binds calmodulin at physiologically relevant concentrations, and produces NO as an immune defense mechanism, as NO is a free radical with an unpaired electron. It is the proximate cause of septic shock and may function in autoimmune disease. NOS catalyzes the reaction: 2 L-arginine + 3 NADPH + 1 H+ + 4 O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2 citrulline +2 nitric oxide + 4 H2O + 3 NADP+ NOS isoforms catalyze other leak and side reactions, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase
In vivo expression profile of an endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter-reporter transgene.
Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is primarily attributable to constitutive expression of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene. Although a more comprehensive understanding of transcriptional regulation of eNOS is emerging with respec
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/In-vivo-expression-profile-endothelial/10749733.html
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces nitric oxide synthase and suppresses growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a human...
Inducible synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages is an important mechanism of the host defense against intracellular infection in mice, but the evidence for significant levels of inducible NO production by human macrophages is controversial. Here we report that the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60, when differentiated to a macrophage-like phenotype, acquires the ability to produce substantial amounts of NO on stimulation with LPS or 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) in the absence of activating factors such as gamma interferon. Expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) was confirmed by sequencing of the reverse transcription-PCR product from stimulated HL-60 cells. Kinetic studies after lipopolysaccharide stimulation show that NOS2 mRNA levels rise within 3 to 6 h, that conversion of [14C]arginine to [14C]citrulline is maximal at 5 to 6 days, and that levels of reactive nitrogen intermediates stabilize at around 20 microM at 7 to 8 days. We find that 1,25-D3 acts to suppress
https://www.bdi.ox.ac.uk/publications/36242
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces nitric oxide synthase and suppresses growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a human...
Inducible synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages is an important mechanism of the host defense against intracellular infection in mice, but the evidence for significant levels of inducible NO production by human macrophages is controversial. Here we report that the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60, when differentiated to a macrophage-like phenotype, acquires the ability to produce substantial amounts of NO on stimulation with LPS or 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) in the absence of activating factors such as gamma interferon. Expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) was confirmed by sequencing of the reverse transcription-PCR product from stimulated HL-60 cells. Kinetic studies after lipopolysaccharide stimulation show that NOS2 mRNA levels rise within 3 to 6 h, that conversion of [14C]arginine to [14C]citrulline is maximal at 5 to 6 days, and that levels of reactive nitrogen intermediates stabilize at around 20 microM at 7 to 8 days. We find that 1,25-D3 acts to suppress
https://www.jenner.ac.uk/publications/36242
Stimulation of the nitric oxide synthase pathway in human hepatocytes by cytokines and endotoxin. | JEMStimulation of the nitric oxide synthase pathway in human hepatocytes by cytokines and endotoxin. | JEM
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived biologic mediator that is shown to be induced in various cell types and to cause many metabolic changes in target cells. Inhibition of tumor cell growth and antimicrobial activity has been attributed to the stimulation of the inducible type of the NO synthase (NOS). However, there is limited evidence for the existence of such inducible NOS in a human cell type. We show here the induction of NO biosynthesis in freshly isolated human hepatocytes (HC) after stimulation with interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IFN-gamma, and endotoxin. Increased levels of nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) in culture supernatants were associated with NADPH-dependent NOS activity in the cell lysates. The production of NO2- and NO3- was inhibited by NG-monomethyl L-arginine and was associated with an increase in cyclic guanylate monophosphate release. The data presented here provide evidence for the existence of typical inducible NO biosynthesis in a human cell type. ...
http://jem.rupress.org/content/176/1/261
Nitric Oxide and Coronavirus - NEOGEN LIFENitric Oxide and Coronavirus - NEOGEN LIFE
Nitric oxide is an important molecule produced inside the human body whose synthesis is a vital biochemical process involving nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme family. It has been established that the phagocytes, monocytes, and macrophages which take part in the physiological immune response, the innate or nonspecific immune response, inside the body have this NOS enzyme. There are three known types of NOS: constituent or calcium-dependent isoforms that are primarily present in the endothelial cells and neuronal cells (eNOS and nNOS) and the inducible or calcium-independent isoform (iNOS). The isoform that lines the respiratory system can perform multiple functions which may be the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) type especially in the case of immunologic response. The activity of this enzyme has been seen in a variety of microbial infections. This enzyme is stimulated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) which commences the production of nitric oxide by these white IL-10 and transforming ...
https://neogenlife.com/2021/03/26/nitric-oxide-and-coronavirus/
Population dynamics of inducible nitric oxide synthase production by LPS- and LPS/IFNgamma-stimulated mouse macrophages<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Population dynamics of inducible nitric oxide synthase production by LPS- and LPS/IFNgamma-stimulated mouse macrophages. AU - Pace, J. L.. AU - Lowenstein, C. J.. AU - Phillips, T. A.. AU - Chen, L. C.. AU - Morrison, D. C.. AU - Hunt, J. S.. AU - Russell, S. W.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0028189509&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0028189509&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:0028189509. VL - 1. SP - 227. EP - 233. JO - Innate Immunity. JF - Innate Immunity. SN - 1753-4259. IS - 4. ER - ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/population-dynamics-of-inducible-nitric-oxide-synthase-production-3
Chloroquine induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in C6 glioma cells - Fingerprint - Taipei Medical...
Dive into the research topics of Chloroquine induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in C6 glioma cells. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/chloroquine-induces-the-expression-of-inducible-nitric-oxide-synt/fingerprints/
eCite - Inducible nitric oxide synthase in response to bacterial challenge in nasal tissues of wild type, CX3CR1+/GFP and CX3...eCite - Inducible nitric oxide synthase in response to bacterial challenge in nasal tissues of wild type, CX3CR1+/GFP and CX3...
Inducible nitric oxide synthase in response to bacterial challenge in nasal tissues of wild type, CX3CR1|sup|+/GFP|/sup| and CX3 CR1|sup|GFP/GFP|/sup| mice
http://ecite.utas.edu.au/92641
CHILDHOOD BONE MINERAL CONTENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION STATUS OF THE ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE PROMOTER AT BIRTH...
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https://www.ndorms.ox.ac.uk/publications/146525
CONICET | Buscador de Institutos y Recursos HumanosCONICET | Buscador de Institutos y Recursos Humanos
NO-mediated toxicity contributes to neuronal damage after hypoxia; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are still a matter of controversy. Since mitochondria play a key role in signalling neuronal death, we aimed to determine the role of nitrative stress in hypoxia-induced mitochondrial damage. Therefore, we analysed the biochemical and ultrastructural impairment of these organelles in the optic lobe of chick embryos after in vivo hypoxia?reoxygenation. Also, we studied the NO-dependence of damage and examined modulation of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) after the hypoxic event. A transient but substantial increase in mtNOS content and activity was observed at 0?2 h posthypoxia, resulting in accumulation of nitrated mitochondrial proteins measured by immunoblotting. However, no variations in nNOS content were observed in the homogenates, suggesting an increased translocation to mitochondria and not a general de novo synthesis. In parallel with mtNOS kinetics, mitochondria ...
https://www.conicet.gov.ar/new_scp/detalle.php?keywords=&id=20966%E2%89%85resosyes&articulos=yes&detalles=yes&art_id=2648483
Functional reconstitution of endothelial nitric oxide synthase reveals the importance of serine 1179 in endothelium-dependent...Functional reconstitution of endothelial nitric oxide synthase reveals the importance of serine 1179 in endothelium-dependent...
Functional reconstitution of endothelial nitric oxide synthase reveals the importance of serine 1179 in endothelium-dependent vasomotion. Circ Res. 2002 May 03; 90(8):904-10 ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/750833
RCSB PDB - 4K5I: Structure of bovine endothelial nitric oxide synthase heme domain in complex with (R)-1,2-bis((2-amino-4...RCSB PDB - 4K5I: Structure of bovine endothelial nitric oxide synthase heme domain in complex with (R)-1,2-bis((2-amino-4...
4K5I: Structure of bovine endothelial nitric oxide synthase heme domain in complex with (R)-1,2-bis((2-amino-4-methylpyridin-6-yl)-methoxy)-propan-3-amine
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4K5I
Nitric oxide synthaseNitric oxide synthase
Biological functions of nitric oxide Nitric-oxide synthase (NAD(P)H-dependent) Nitric oxide synthase 2 (inducible) PDB: 3N5P​; ... Nitric oxide synthases (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L- ... "Nitric oxide down-regulates hepatocyte-inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression". Arch Surg. 132 (11): 1177-83. doi: ... which is then recaptured to enable nitric oxide release. The first nitric oxide synthase to be identified was found in neuronal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase
Nitric oxide synthase 2 (inducible)Nitric oxide synthase 2 (inducible)
Nitric oxide synthase is expressed in epithelial cells of the liver, lung and bone marrow. It is inducible by a combination of ... Nitric oxide synthase, inducible is an enzyme which is encoded by the NOS2 gene in humans and mice. Three related pseudogenes ... "Entrez Gene: NOS2A nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes)". Nathan, C. (2006-06-30). "Role of iNOS in Human Host ... They lack the gene encoding nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2) and are susceptible to murine CMV infection. In February 2020, the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase_2_(inducible)
Nitric-oxide synthase (NAD(P)H-dependent)Nitric-oxide synthase (NAD(P)H-dependent)
... (EC 1.14.14.47, nitric oxide synthetase, NO synthase) is an enzyme with systematic ... 2 nitric oxide + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O Nitric-oxide synthase (NAD(P)H-dependent) binds heme (iron protoporphyrin IX) and ... "Bacterial flavodoxins support nitric oxide production by Bacillus subtilis nitric-oxide synthase". The Journal of Biological ... Nitric oxide synthase Wang ZQ, Lawson RJ, Buddha MR, Wei CC, Crane BR, Munro AW, Stuehr DJ (January 2007). " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric-oxide_synthase_(NAD(P)H-dependent)
CitrullineCitrulline
... catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase. Citrulline can be derived from: from arginine via nitric oxide synthase, as a byproduct of ... "Nos2 - Nitric Oxide Synthase". Uniprot.org. Uniprot Consortium. Retrieved 10 February 2015. Cox M, Lehninger AL, Nelson DR ( ... Citrulline is also produced as a byproduct of the enzymatic production of nitric oxide from the amino acid arginine, ... which is then further oxidized to citrulline concomitant with release of nitric oxide. Citrulline is also made by enterocytes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrulline
NaringeninNaringenin
Olszanecki, R.; Gebska, A.; Kozlovski, V. I.; Gryglewski, R. J. (2002-12-01). "Flavonoids and nitric oxide synthase". Journal ... The resulting tetraketide is acted on by chalcone synthase to give the chalcone that then undergoes ring-closure to naringenin ... "Characterization of Stilbene Synthase Genes in Mulberry (Morus atropurpurea) and Metabolic Engineering for the Production of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naringenin
Cardiovascular disease in womenCardiovascular disease in women
Nitric oxide synthase: Nitric oxide synthases are known for producing nitric oxide, which has numerous functions in the body ... "Nitric Oxide Synthase - an overview , ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2022-04-06. Fernandez-Marcos PJ, ... Nitric oxide reacts with other forms of ROS to create potent oxidants, consequently causing other pathologic conditions, ... Nitroglycerin and Other Nitrogen Oxides: Nitroglycerin and other nitrogen oxide use have been a strong influence on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease_in_women
CAMK1CAMK1
Komeima K, Hayashi Y, Naito Y, Watanabe Y (2000). "Inhibition of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase by calcium/ calmodulin- ... 1999). "Regulation of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase by calmodulin kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (29): 20597-602. doi:10.1074/ ... "Nitric oxide synthase regulatory sites. Phosphorylation by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium/ ... 2002). "Calmodulin-dependent kinase I regulates adrenal cell expression of aldosterone synthase". Endocrinology. 143 (9): 3651- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMK1
CAMK4CAMK4
Komeima K, Hayashi Y, Naito Y, Watanabe Y (2000). "Inhibition of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase by calcium/ calmodulin- ... 1999). "Regulation of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase by calmodulin kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (29): 20597-602. doi:10.1074/ ... "Nitric oxide synthase regulatory sites. Phosphorylation by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMK4
PGO wavesPGO waves
Leonard, T.O.; Lydic, R. (1995). "Nitric oxide synthase inhibition decreases pontine acetylcholinerelease". NeuroReport. 6 (11 ... Nitroxergic neurons use nitric oxide (NO) as a neurotransmitter. In theory, the increase of nitric oxide is seen as an ... This stems from animal testing that has shown increases in PGO waves as nitric oxide levels were increased in the pons. GABA- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGO_waves
Plasma gelsolinPlasma gelsolin
Chambliss, Ken L.; Shaul, Philip W. (October 2002). "Estrogen Modulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase". Endocrine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_gelsolin
Bettie Sue MastersBettie Sue Masters
Concerning nitric oxide synthase, she examined the atomic structure of the endothelial isoenzyme, the zinc bound within the ... Bettie Sue Siler Masters is an adjunct professor at Duke University known for her work on nitric oxide synthase and cytochrome ... "High-level expression of functional rat neuronal nitric oxide synthase in Escherichia coli". Proceedings of the National ... "Superoxide generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase: The influence of cofactors". Proceedings of the National Academy of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettie_Sue_Masters
NOS1NOS1
Nitric oxide synthases (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOSs) are a family of synthases that catalyze the production of nitric oxide (NO) from ... NOS1 Nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal)". Grasemann H, Yandava CN, Drazen JM (December 1999). "Neuronal NO synthase (NOS1) is a ... Nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal), also known as NOS1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS1 gene. ... Kishimoto J, Spurr N, Liao M, Lizhi L, Emson P, Xu W (November 1992). "Localization of brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOS1
PIN1PIN1
"Pin1 prolyl isomerase regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 31 (2 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIN1
SpermidineSpermidine
Hu, J; Mahmoud, MI; El-Fakahany, EE (1994). "Polyamines inhibit nitric oxide synthase in rat cerebellum". Neuroscience Letters ... Inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) Binds and precipitates DNA Polyamine plant growth regulator Good dietary sources ... which has been associated with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cGMP/PKG pathway activation and a decrease of Na+,K+-ATPase ... Spermidine synthase (SPDS) catalyzes its formation from putrescine. It is a precursor to other polyamines, such as spermine and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermidine
NOSIPNOSIP
Nitric oxide synthase-interacting protein is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOSIP gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89 ... "Entrez Gene: NOSIP nitric oxide synthase interacting protein". Schleicher M, Brundin F, Gross S, et al. (2005). "Cell cycle- ... 2005). "Nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-interacting protein interacts with neuronal NOS and regulates its distribution and activity ... a novel modulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity". FASEB J. 15 (1): 79-89. doi:10.1096/fj.00-0078com. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOSIP
Folliculostellate cellFolliculostellate cell
Knowles, R. G.; Moncada, S. (1994-03-01). "Nitric oxide synthases in mammals". The Biochemical Journal. 298 (2): 249-258. doi: ... Nitric Oxide (NO), is reported to be a key modulator of endocrine cell function and has been shown that FS cells (and some ... endocrine cells) contain neuronal NO synthase, a key NO production enzyme which is responsible for the production of NO from L- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folliculostellate_cell
Hans-Joachim SchäfersHans-Joachim Schäfers
GATA5 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the ascending aorta is related to aortic size and valve morphology. ... Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in bicuspid aortic valve disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007; 83:1290-4 Henn D, Perttunen H, Gauer ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Joachim_Schäfers
MethylarginineMethylarginine
N-Methylarginine is an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Chemically, it is a methyl derivative of the amino acid arginine. It ... and other endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors as an important cause of vascular insulin resistance". Hormone and ... an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, suppresses the development of adjuvant arthritis in rats". Arthritis & Rheumatology. 37 ... is used as a biochemical tool in the study of physiological role of nitric oxide. The inhibiting effect of N-methylarginine on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylarginine
7-Nitroindazole7-Nitroindazole
Babbedge RC; Bland-Ward PA; Hart SL; Moore PK (September 1993). "Inhibition of rat cerebellar nitric oxide synthase by 7-nitro ... converts arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide can diffuse through the plasma membrane into neighbouring ... which is activated by nitric oxide produced by eNOS tetrahydrobiopterin, cofactor to several enzymes including nitric oxide ... Moore PK; Babbedge RC; Wallace P; Gaffen ZA; Hart SL (February 1993). "7-Nitro indazole, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-Nitroindazole
Michael PaleseMichael Palese
Musicki, B; Palese, MA; Crone, JK; Burnett, AL (February 2004). "Phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase mediates ... "Alternatively spliced neuronal nitric oxide synthase mediates penile erection". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 103 (9): 3440-3. ... "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase mediates penile erection". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99 (6): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Palese
ArginineArginine
Andrew PJ, Mayer B (August 1999). "Enzymatic function of nitric oxide synthases". (review). Cardiovascular Research. 43 (3): ... The guanidine group in arginine is the precursor for the biosynthesis of nitric oxide. Like all amino acids, it is a white, ... It is a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), making it important in the regulation of blood pressure. Arginine is ... This allows citrulline, a byproduct of the NOS-catalyzed production of nitric oxide, to be recycled to arginine in a pathway ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arginine
Randy J. NelsonRandy J. Nelson
"Behavioural abnormalities in male mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase". Nature. 378 (6555): 383-386. Bibcode:1995Natur. ... he and his Hopkins colleague published a comprehensive series of studies detailing the effects on nitric oxide (NO), at the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_J._Nelson
N-AcetylserotoninN-Acetylserotonin
NAS has also been observed to inhibit nitric oxide synthase. NAS has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. NAS has ... "Inhibition by N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine of nitric oxide synthase expression in cultured cells and in the anaesthetized rat ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acetylserotonin
PTGS1PTGS1
"Inducible isoforms of cyclooxygenase and nitric-oxide synthase in inflammation". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), also known as prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 or prostaglandin H2 ... "Entrez Gene: PTGS1 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)". Chandrasekharan NV, ... human neuroblastoma cells induced by HIV-1 gp120 is prevented by NMDA receptor antagonists and inhibitors of nitric oxide and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTGS1
N-MethylornithineN-Methylornithine
"L-Arginine analogs as alternate substrates for nitric oxide synthase". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 15 (17): 3934- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Methylornithine
TetrahydrobiopterinTetrahydrobiopterin
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) catalyses the conversion of a guanidino nitrogen of L-arginine (L-Arg) to nitric oxide (NO). Among ... and is a cofactor for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by the nitric oxide synthases. Chemically, its structure is that of a ... uncoupling of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme and reduced bioavailability of the vasodilator nitric oxide ... In the endothelial cell lining of blood vessels, endothelial nitric oxide synthase is dependent on tetrahydrobiopterin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrobiopterin
Pseudo-nitzschiaPseudo-nitzschia
P. multistriata was found to uniquely encode nitric oxide synthase. Recently, transcriptome analysis of P. multiseries was used ... sequencing of three Pseudo-nitzschia species reveals comparable gene sets and the presence of Nitric Oxide Synthase genes in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-nitzschia
Group C nerve fiberGroup C nerve fiber
NMDA receptor activation (by glutamate) enhances postsynaptic Nitric Oxide Synthase. Nitric Oxide is thought to migrate back to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_C_nerve_fiber
Sp1 transcription factorSp1 transcription factor
Zhang R, Min W, Sessa WC (June 1995). "Functional analysis of the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter. Sp1 and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp1_transcription_factor
HMOX2HMOX2
Barañano DE, Snyder SH (2001). "Neural roles for heme oxygenase: Contrasts to nitric oxide synthase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. ... "Expression of heme oxygenase isozyme mRNAs in the human brain and induction of heme oxygenase-1 by nitric oxide donors". J. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMOX2
SGCASGCA
... neuronal nitric oxide synthase, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin molecules in normal skeletal myofiber: triple immunogold ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGCA
Huntingtin-associated protein 1Huntingtin-associated protein 1
HAP1 also shows a similar CNS distribution pattern to that of neural nitric oxide synthase (nNos), especially in both of the ... discrete neuronal localizations in the brain resemble those of neuronal nitric oxide synthase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. ... The possible significance of this interaction is that increased HAP1 interaction with muHtt may also increase nitric oxide (NO ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntingtin-associated_protein_1
S-NitrosothiolS-Nitrosothiol
Accordingly, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity does not directly lead to SNO formation, but rather requires an additional ... Wang, P. G.; Xian, M.; Tang, X.; Wu, X.; Wen, Z.; Cai, T.; Janczuk, A. J. (2002). "Nitric Oxide Donors: Chemical Activities and ... Ernst van Faassen; Anatoly Fyodorovich Vanin (7 May 2007). Radicals for life: the various forms of nitric oxide. Elsevier. pp. ... S-Nitrosylated proteins (SNO-proteins) serve to transmit nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity and to regulate protein function through ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Nitrosothiol
Acute tubular necrosisAcute tubular necrosis
"Coexpressed nitric oxide synthase and apical beta(1) integrins influence tubule cell adhesion after cytokine-induced injury". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_tubular_necrosis
Syntrophin, alpha 1Syntrophin, alpha 1
Miyagoe-Suzuki Y, Takeda SI (2002). "Association of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) with alpha1-syntrophin at the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntrophin,_alpha_1
Enzyme inhibitorEnzyme inhibitor
... application to nitric oxide synthase". AAPS PharmSci. 2 (1): 68-77. doi:10.1208/ps020108. PMC 2751003. PMID 11741224. Loo JA, ... ISBN 978-3-642-59416-8. Chapter 10.2.1: Sulfonylurea acetolactate synthase inhibitors Duke SO (July 1990). "Overview of ... such as the sulfonylureas inhibit the enzyme acetolactate synthase. Both enzymes are needed for plants to make branched-chain ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor
HSPA8HSPA8
Kiang JG (Dec 2004). "Inducible heat shock protein 70 kD and inducible nitric oxide synthase in hemorrhage/resuscitation- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA8
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiencyTetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
... and dysregulation of the nitric oxide cycle leads to a buildup of peroxynitrite, an inflammatory oxidant that further degrades ... Other underlying causes of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency are: 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) deficiency Autosomal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrobiopterin_deficiency
GUCY1B3GUCY1B3
"Novel complexes of guanylate cyclase with heat shock protein 90 and nitric oxide synthase". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol ... "Novel complexes of guanylate cyclase with heat shock protein 90 and nitric oxide synthase". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol ... Meurer S, Pioch S, Wagner K, Müller-Esterl W, Gross S (2005). "AGAP1, a novel binding partner of nitric oxide-sensitive ... Russwurm M, Wittau N, Koesling D (2002). "Guanylyl cyclase/PSD-95 interaction: targeting of the nitric oxide-sensitive ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUCY1B3
HemeHeme
Alderton, W.K. (2001). "Nitric oxide synthases: structure, function and inhibition". Biochem. J. 357 (3): 593-615. doi:10.1042/ ... and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. The word haem is derived from Greek αἷμα haima meaning "blood". Hemoproteins have ... synthase 1 ALAS2: aminolevulinate, δ-, synthase 2 (deficiency causes sideroblastic/hypochromic anemia) CPOX: coproporphyrinogen ... Hegg, Eric L. (2004). "Heme A Synthase Does Not Incorporate Molecular Oxygen into the Formyl Group of Heme A". Biochemistry. 43 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heme
ATG9AATG9A
"Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase antisense (NOS3AS) gene encodes an autophagy-related protein (APG9-like2) highly expressed in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATG9A
Exhaled nitric oxideExhaled nitric oxide
In humans, nitric oxide is produced from L-arginine by three enzymes called nitric oxide synthases (NOS): inducible (iNOS), ... September 2004). "Epithelial inducible nitric oxide synthase activity is the major determinant of nitric oxide concentration in ... "Effect of an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on differential flow-exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatic patients and ... May 1999). "Contribution of nitric oxide synthases 1, 2, and 3 to airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a murine model ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaled_nitric_oxide
High-altitude cerebral edemaHigh-altitude cerebral edema
Another theory about the cause of HACE is that hypoxia may induce nitrous oxide synthase. Vasodilation is caused by the release ... of nitric oxide and adenosine. This in turn can increase vascular permeability and causes edema. This may combine with low ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-altitude_cerebral_edema
Lipid signalingLipid signaling
Specifically in blood vessels, the increase in Ca2+ concentration from IP3 releases nitric oxide, which then diffuses into the ... 1995). "Ceramide synthase mediates daunorubicin-induced apoptosis: an alternative mechanism for generating death signals". Cell ... GluCer is formed by the glycosylation of ceramide in an organelle called Golgi via enzymes called glucosylceramide synthase ( ... On the other hand, pharmacological inhibition of GluCer synthase is being considered a technique to avoid insulin resistance. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_signaling
GTP cyclohydrolase IGTP cyclohydrolase I
THB is an essential cofactor required by the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase (AAAH) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes in ... and nitric oxide (NO), respectively. GTPCH (GCH1) and tetrahydrobiopterin were found to protect against cell death by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTP_cyclohydrolase_I
PimagedinePimagedine
... functions as an inhibitor of diamine oxidase and nitric oxide synthase. It acts to reduce levels of advanced ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimagedine
IndazoleIndazole
... an indazole-based nitric oxide synthase inhibitor International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indazole
ATG9BATG9B
"Genetic polymorphisms in nitric oxide synthase genes modify the relationship between vegetable and fruit intake and risk of non ... "Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase antisense (NOS3AS) gene encodes an autophagy-related protein (APG9-like2) highly expressed in ... gene also functions as an antisense transcript in the post-transcriptional regulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATG9B
Vascular remodelling in the embryoVascular remodelling in the embryo
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), promotes unidirectional flow at the onset of heart beats and is upregulated by shear ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_remodelling_in_the_embryo
AgmatineAgmatine
Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis modulation. Both differential inhibition and activation of NO synthase (NOS) isoforms is reported. ... "Inhibition of mammalian nitric oxide synthases by agmatine, an endogenous polyamine formed by decarboxylation of arginine". ... Satriano J (July 2004). "Arginine pathways and the inflammatory response: interregulation of nitric oxide and polyamines: ... Nitric Oxide. 35: 65-71. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2013.08.005. PMC 3844099. PMID 23994446. Demady DR, Jianmongkol S, Vuletich JL, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agmatine
CarnosolCarnosol
... suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase through down-regulating nuclear factor-κB in mouse macrophages". Carcinogenesis. 23 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnosol
P450-containing systemsP450-containing systems
Allene oxide synthase (CYP74A; EC 4.2.1.92), fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase (CYP74B), prostacyclin synthase (CYP8; EC 5.3.99.4 ... This enzyme does not have monooxygenase activity but is able to reduce nitric oxide (NO·) to form nitrous oxide (N2O) directly ... The general scheme of electron flow in this system appears to be: Nitric oxide reductase (P450nor) is a P450 enzyme involved in ... and thromboxane synthase (CYP5; EC 5.3.99.5) are examples of P450 enzymes that do not require a reductase or molecular oxygen ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P450-containing_systems
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8
Sacre SM, Stannard AK, Owen JS (2003). "Apolipoprotein E (apoE) isoforms differentially induce nitric oxide production in ... PI3K activation leads to inhibitory phosphorylation of the tau kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B), which alters the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_lipoprotein_receptor-related_protein_8
Syed Ziaur RahmanSyed Ziaur Rahman
"Nitric oxide synthase activity and the level of nitrates/nitrites in brain regions during spontaneous morphine withdrawal in ... "Nitric oxide synthase activity and the level of nitrates/nitrites in brain regions during spontaneous morphine withdrawal in ... "Effects of morphine withdrawal on the indices of free radical homeostasis and nitric oxide system in rat liver and thymus". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Ziaur_Rahman
Valina L. DawsonValina L. Dawson
1996). "Resistance to neurotoxicity in cortical cultures from neuronal nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice". J. Neurosci. 16 ( ... "Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease". Nature ... 1991). "Nitric oxide mediates glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 88 (14): 6368- ... 1993). "Mechanisms of nitric oxide-mediated neurotoxicity in primary brain cultures". J. Neurosci. 13 (6): 2651-61. doi:10.1523 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valina_L._Dawson
Cystathionine beta synthaseCystathionine beta synthase
The Fe2+ form of the enzyme is inhibited upon binding CO or nitric oxide, whereas enzyme activity is doubled when the Fe2+ is ... methylcysteine synthase, serine sulfhydrase, and serine sulfhydrylase. Methylcysteine synthase was assigned the EC number EC ... Cystathionine-β-synthase, also known as CBS, is an enzyme (EC 4.2.1.22) that in humans is encoded by the CBS gene. It catalyzes ... Cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) is involved in oocyte development. However, little is known about the regional and cellular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystathionine_beta_synthase
Endocannabinoid transporterEndocannabinoid transporter
Activation of CB1 enhances AMT activity through increased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and subsequent increase of NO ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocannabinoid_transporter
JCI - Insulin restores neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression and function that is lost in diabetic gastropathyJCI - Insulin restores neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression and function that is lost in diabetic gastropathy
Insulin restores neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression and function that is lost in diabetic gastropathy. ... Insulin restores neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression and function that is lost in diabetic gastropathy. ... which resemble defects in mice harboring a deletion of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene (nNOS). The diabetic mice ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/8273/figure/9
Positive association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism with hypertension in northern JapanPositive association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism with hypertension in northern Japan
Although Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms have been shown to have a positive association with coronary artery ... Vascular endothelial cells produce nitric oxide (NO), which contributes to the regulation of blood pressure and regional blood ... Positive association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism with hypertension in northern Japan Life Sci. 2000 ... Vascular endothelial cells produce nitric oxide (NO), which contributes to the regulation of blood pressure and regional blood ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10883733/
The Arginine Metabolic Pathways: Nitric Oxide Synthase and ArginaseThe Arginine Metabolic Pathways: Nitric Oxide Synthase and Arginase
... the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, which converts arginine to nitric oxide, and citrulline and the enzyme arginase, which ... Not only is there a reduction in the production of nitric oxide when nitric oxide synthase is uncoupled, but oxidative stress ... There has been considerable recent publication of papers on nitric oxide synthase because of the importance of nitric oxide in ... the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, which converts arginine to nitric oxide, and citrulline and the enzyme arginase, which ...
https://life-enhancement.com/pages/the-arginine-metabolic-pathways-nitric-oxide-synthase-and-arginase
PDF) EFFECTIVITY OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS) SEEDS EXTRACT ON INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (iNOS) EXPRESSION DURING...PDF) EFFECTIVITY OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS) SEEDS EXTRACT ON INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (iNOS) EXPRESSION DURING...
... pathway of nitric oxide using both selective or specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor or non-selective nitric oxide synthase ... enzyme which catalyzes the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. In Addition, the higher the nitric oxide (NO) ... concentration, L-arginine theorytically induces the expression of Inducable-Nitric oxide synthase ... inducible nitric oxide synthase.. Korespondensi (correspondence): Gusti Citra Putra, William Suryajaya, Theresia Indah Budhy S. ...
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256435160_EFFECTIVITY_OF_WATERMELON_CITRULLUS_LANATUS_SEEDS_EXTRACT_ON_INDUCIBLE_NITRIC_OXIDE_SYNTHASE_iNOS_EXPRESSION_DURING_WOUND_HEALING_ON_GUINEA_PIG_CAVIA_COBAYA
Enhanced gastric nitric oxide synthase activity in duodenal ulcer patients. | GutEnhanced gastric nitric oxide synthase activity in duodenal ulcer patients. | Gut
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Summary | CureHunter MobileNitric Oxide Synthase Type III - Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Summary | CureHunter Mobile
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase; ECNOS Enzyme; ENOS Enzyme; Endothelial Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide ... Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III (Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase) Summary Description: A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively- ... Drugs Related to Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III. * Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide) ... Key Diseases for which Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III is Relevant. * Reperfusion Injury : 10 outcomes 8 studies in 50 results ...
https://curehunter.com/m/keywordSummaryD052250.do
Inhibiting UVB-Irradiation Damage By Targeting Nitric Oxide Synthases (cNOS) - Patent US-2019038723-A1 - PubChemInhibiting UVB-Irradiation Damage By Targeting Nitric Oxide Synthases (cNOS) - Patent US-2019038723-A1 - PubChem
US-2019038723-A1 chemical patent summary.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patent/US-2019038723-A1
Haplotypes of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene are strongly associated with exhaled nitric oxide levels in adults: a...Haplotypes of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene are strongly associated with exhaled nitric oxide levels in adults: a...
Haplotypes of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene are strongly associated with exhaled nitric oxide levels in adults: a ... Haplotypes of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene are strongly associated with exhaled nitric oxide levels in adults: a ... encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), to variation in levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in children ...
https://jmg.bmj.com/content/51/7/449
ENZYME - 1.14.13.39 nitric-oxide synthase (NADPH)ENZYME - 1.14.13.39 nitric-oxide synthase (NADPH)
H(+) + 2 L-arginine + 3 NADPH + 4 O2 <=> 4 H2O + 2 L-citrulline + 3 NADP(+) + 2 nitric oxide. ...
https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/1.14.13.39
Pubertal development of penile Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)-containing nerve fibers in the rat | African Journal of...Pubertal development of penile Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)-containing nerve fibers in the rat | African Journal of...
Pubertal development of penile Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)-containing nerve fibers in the rat * A Zahran ... Objectives: To evaluate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing nerve fibers in penile tissue in different age ... Keywords: Growth process, nitric oxide nerve fibers, penis, erection, blood testosterone, rats ... Key words: Growth process, nitric oxide nerve fibers, penis, erection, blood testosterone, rats ...
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/aju/article/view/51948
Identification of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in macro- and microvascular endothelial cell lines.<...
Bailie, J.R. ; Robson, Tracy ; McCullough, W. ; Hirst, D.G. / Identification of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in ... Bailie, J. R., Robson, T., McCullough, W., & Hirst, D. G. (1997). Identification of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in ... Identification of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in macro- and microvascular endothelial cell lines. / Bailie, J.R.; ... Bailie, JR, Robson, T, McCullough, W & Hirst, DG 1997, Identification of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in macro- ...
https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/identification-of-the-inducible-nitric-oxide-synthase-gene-in-mac
Nitric oxide synthase (neuronal) (oxygenase domain) (human), (recombinant) (purified) - ALX-201-264 - Enzo Life SciencesNitric oxide synthase (neuronal) (oxygenase domain) (human), (recombinant) (purified) - ALX-201-264 - Enzo Life Sciences
Nitric oxide synthase (neuronal) (oxygenase domain) (human), (recombinant) (purified) - ALX-201-264 ... Nitric-oxide synthase output state. Design and properties of nitric-oxide synthase oxygenase/FMN domain constructs: D.K. Ghosh ... Structures of nitric oxide synthase isoforms complexed with the inhibitor AR-R17477 suggest a rational basis for specificity ... Nitric oxide synthases reveal a role for calmodulin in controlling electron transfer: H.M. Abu-Soud and D.J. Stuehr; PNAS 90, ...
https://www.enzolifesciences.com/ALX-201-264/nitric-oxide-synthase-neuronal-oxygenase-domain-human-recombinant-purified/
Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression inhibition by adenovirus E1A<...
title = "Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression inhibition by adenovirus E1A",. abstract = "Nitric oxide (NO) is an ... Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression inhibition by adenovirus E1A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ... Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression inhibition by adenovirus E1A. / Cao, Wangsen; Bao, Clare; Lowenstein, Charles J. ... Cao, W, Bao, C & Lowenstein, CJ 2003, Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression inhibition by adenovirus E1A, Proceedings of ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/inducible-nitric-oxide-synthase-expression-inhibition-by-adenovir-4
US Patent for 1,2,4-oxa diazolino and 1,24-oxa diazolidion heterocycles as useful nitric oxide synthase inhibitors Patent ...US Patent for 1,2,4-oxa diazolino and 1,24-oxa diazolidion heterocycles as useful nitric oxide synthase inhibitors Patent ...
4-oxa-diazolidino heterocycle derivatives useful as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. ... nitric oxide synthesis produced by inducible NO synthase over nitric oxide produced by the constitutive forms of NO synthase in ... 1,2,4-oxa-diazolino and 1,2,4-oxa-diazolidino heterocycle derivatives useful as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. ... 1,2,4-oxa diazolino and 1,24-oxa diazolidion heterocycles as useful nitric oxide synthase inhibitors ...
https://patents.justia.com/patent/5958958
Maternal dietary protein deficiency decreases nitric oxide synthase and ornithine decarboxylase activities in placenta and...
Wu, G, Pond, WG, Flynn, SP, Ott, TL & Bazer, FW 1998, Maternal dietary protein deficiency decreases nitric oxide synthase and ... Dive into the research topics of Maternal dietary protein deficiency decreases nitric oxide synthase and ornithine ... T1 - Maternal dietary protein deficiency decreases nitric oxide synthase and ornithine decarboxylase activities in placenta and ... Maternal dietary protein deficiency decreases nitric oxide synthase and ornithine decarboxylase activities in placenta and ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/maternal-dietary-protein-deficiency-decreases-nitric-oxide-syntha
Nitric Oxide Synthase - Immune checkpoint inhibitor inducesNitric Oxide Synthase - Immune checkpoint inhibitor induces
Nitric Oxide Synthase Some of these proteins become overly oxidized during fatiguing activation and this effect can be ... Nitric Oxide Synthase 2000. September 27, 2021. iah2010 2000. can be useful to guide individual treatment, notably, ...
http://iah2010.org/category/nitric-oxide-synthase/
Remifentanil Preconditioning Reduces Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats via Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression...Remifentanil Preconditioning Reduces Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats via Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression...
4. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression in various groups. (A ... 4. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression in various groups. (A ... Intracellular Nitric Oxide Detection.. The intracellular nitric oxide concentration was measured using a nitric oxide-sensitive ... endothelial nitric oxide synthase; iNOS = inducible nitric oxide synthase; L-arg = l-arginine; L-NAME =N -ω-nitro-l-arginine ...
https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/114/5/1036/14209/Remifentanil-Preconditioning-Reduces-Hepatic
Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in human astrocytes by interleukin-1β and interferon-γ<...
keywords = "Culture, Human astrocytes, Inducible nitric oxide synthase, Microglia, NADPH diaphorase, Nitric oxide", ... Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in human astrocytes by interleukin-1β and interferon-γ. / Lee, Sunhee C.; Dickson, ... Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in human astrocytes by interleukin-1β and interferon-γ. Journal of neuroimmunology ... Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in human astrocytes by interleukin-1β and interferon-γ. In: Journal of ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/induction-of-nitric-oxide-synthase-activity-in-human-astrocytes-b
Nitric oxide synthases | Enzymes | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGYNitric oxide synthases | Enzymes | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY
Nitric oxide synthases in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. ... Nitric oxide synthase 3 / NOSIII , nitric oxide synthase 3 ( ... nitric oxide synthase 1 , Nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) , Nitric oxide synthase 1 / NOSI , nitric oxide synthase 1 ( ... NOS2A , HEP-NOS , nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes) , Nitric oxide synthase 2 inducible , Nitric oxide synthase ... Nitric oxide synthase 2 / NOSII , inducible macrophage NOS , nitric oxide synthase 2 ...
https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=253
Targeting neuronal nitric oxide synthase with gene transfer to modulate cardiac autonomic function. - Oxford Neuroscience
Microdomains of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are spatially localised within both autonomic neurons innervating the ... Nitric Oxide, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ... Targeting neuronal nitric oxide synthase with gene transfer to ... Targeting neuronal nitric oxide synthase with gene transfer to modulate cardiac autonomic function. ... Microdomains of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are spatially localised within both autonomic neurons innervating the ...
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/106325?683f5afe-7748-11ed-a56e-061ab7f93640
A bi-allelic tetranucleotide repeat in the promoter of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. - Nuffield Department of...
A bi-allelic tetranucleotide repeat in the promoter of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. Share Share Share ... A bi-allelic tetranucleotide repeat in the promoter of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. ... Alleles, Gene Frequency, Genes, Genetic Markers, Humans, Microsatellite Repeats, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Polymorphism, Genetic, ...
https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/36117
Structure of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase heme domain with L-Arg bound | NIH 3D Print ExchangeStructure of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase heme domain with L-Arg bound | NIH 3D Print Exchange
Structure of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase heme domain with L-Arg bound. ...
https://3dprint.nih.gov/discover/3dpx-003760
Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase reduces renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.<...Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase reduces renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.<...
Nitric oxide (NO), produced via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), is implicated in the pathophysiology of renal ischemia/ ... Nitric oxide (NO), produced via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), is implicated in the pathophysiology of renal ischemia/ ... Nitric oxide (NO), produced via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), is implicated in the pathophysiology of renal ischemia/ ... Nitric oxide (NO), produced via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), is implicated in the pathophysiology of renal ischemia/ ...
https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/inhibition-of-inducible-nitric-oxide-synthase-reduces-renal-ische
H|inf|2|/inf|S protects against pressure overload-induced heart failure via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthaseH|inf|2|/inf|S protects against pressure overload-induced heart failure via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
... to decompensated heart failure in part via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and increased nitric oxide ... constriction via upregulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor-Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide-cGMP ... S protects against pressure overload-induced heart failure via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase Academic ...
http://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub683086
Adenoviral gene transfer of nitric oxide synthase: High level expression in human vascular cells - Wellcome Centre for Human...
Adenoviral gene transfer of nitric oxide synthase: High level expression in human vascular cells ... Adenoviral gene transfer of nitric oxide synthase: High level expression in human vascular cells ...
https://www.well.ox.ac.uk/publications/678941
Polygonum viviparum L. induces vasorelaxation in the rat thoracic aorta via activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial...Polygonum viviparum L. induces vasorelaxation in the rat thoracic aorta via activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial...
In addition, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to exam nitric oxygen (NO) synthase (NOS) activity by ... Effect of an nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NO scavenger, and guanylyl cyclase inhibitor on Polygonum viviparum ( ... Effect of Polygonum viviparum (PV) on endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation, cytosolic nuclear factor ... et al. Polygonum viviparum L. induces vasorelaxation in the rat thoracic aorta via activation of nitric oxide synthase in ...
https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-14-150
On the mechanism of the nitric oxide synthase-catalyzed conversion of N(ω)-hydroxy-L-arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide -...On the mechanism of the nitric oxide synthase-catalyzed conversion of N(ω)-hydroxy-L-arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide -...
... hydroxy-L-arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide ... On the mechanism of the nitric oxide synthase-catalyzed ... On the mechanism of the nitric oxide synthase-catalyzed conversion of N(ω)-hydroxy-L-arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide. ... On the mechanism of the nitric oxide synthase-catalyzed conversion of N(ω)-hydroxy-L-arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide. ... On the mechanism of the nitric oxide synthase-catalyzed conversion of N(ω)-hydroxy-L-arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide ( ...
https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=b8e036cf-4e08-463e-8a59-0096b910af90
Cavin-2 regulates the activity and stability of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) in angiogenesis - A*STAR OAR
Cavin-2 regulates the activity and stability of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) in angiogenesis ... Cavin-2 regulates the activity and stability of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) in angiogenesis ... Cavin-2 regulates the activity and stability of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) in angiogenesis ... in endothelial cells by controlling the stability and activity of the endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) and that Cavin-2 ...
https://oar.a-star.edu.sg/communities-collections/articles/17034
The cardioprotective effect of a statin and cilostazol combination: relationship to Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase...
The cardioprotective effect of a statin and cilostazol combination: relationship to Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase ... relationship to Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2007 Oct; 21(5):321-30. ...
https://uams-triprofiles.uams.edu/profiles/display/79458
Selective inhibition of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase prevents pulmonary transvascular flux during acute...Selective inhibition of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase prevents pulmonary transvascular flux during acute...
N2 - The inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed in various organs, including the lung, during systemic ... AB - The inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed in various organs, including the lung, during systemic ... The inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed in various organs, including the lung, during systemic ... Dive into the research topics of Selective inhibition of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase prevents pulmonary ...
https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/selective-inhibition-of-the-inducible-isoform-of-nitric-oxide-syn
INOSInhibitionENOSNeuronal nitricHuman inducible nitric oxide syInhibitorPolymorphismForm of nitric oxide syActivation of nitric oxide syInducible NO synthaseAbstractNOS3ConstitutiveEnzymeVascularRole of Nitric OxideInhibitors of nitricIsoformsOxidativeExpressionPathwayVariants in nitricIntracellular1.14.13.39CitrullineEnzymesSuperoxide anionCardiacRatsNitritePenileActivityProductionEndotheliumCell viabilityAstrocytesEndothelial functionMoleculePolymorphismsBlockageOxygen
INOS12
  • Background Previous genetic association studies have reported evidence for association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NOS2 gene, encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), to variation in levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in children and adults. (bmj.com)
  • Nitric oxide (NO), produced via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), is implicated in the pathophysiology of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. (elsevier.com)
  • The inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed in various organs, including the lung, during systemic endotoxemia. (utmb.edu)
  • Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by iNOS contributes significantly to the vascular failure and end-organ damage in endotoxemia. (utmb.edu)
  • Neuroinflammatory markers, such as ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), gp91phox and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were measured in the nigrostriatal system. (springer.com)
  • Levels of nitrite (NO 2 − ), a metabolite of nitric oxide ( · NO and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are higher in the central nervous system of human PD cases and in animal models of PD [ 6 ]. (springer.com)
  • Study Design: We proposed that shortterm but sustained increases in NO synthesis achieved with inducible NO synthase (iNOS) gene transfer at sites of vascular injury would prevent intimal hyperplasia. (northwestern.edu)
  • NO production is regulated by NO synthases (NOS), of which there are three distinct isoforms: neuronal NOS (nNOS, or NOS I), inducible NOS (iNOS, or NOS II), and endothelial NOS (eNOS, or NOS III). (scirp.org)
  • We tested the hypothesis that inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) inhibits oxygen consumption (Vo 2 ) in human intestine resected for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). (nature.com)
  • Immunohistochemical demonstration of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). (cdc.gov)
  • The researchers used a therapeutic gene that encodes for a protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ), in the carotid artery studies, because of iNOS's ability to control cell damage in blood vessels. (genemedicine.net)
  • Data are presented indicating that in vitro or in vivo exposure to selected occupational dusts, i.e., crystalline silica, organic dust contaminated with endotoxin, or asbestos , results in upregulation of inducible ntric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the production of NO by alveolar macrophages and pulmonary epitelial cells. (cdc.gov)
Inhibition3
  • Cao, W, Bao, C & Lowenstein, CJ 2003, ' Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression inhibition by adenovirus E1A ', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 100, no. 13, pp. 7773-7778. (elsevier.com)
  • Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase reduces renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. (elsevier.com)
  • Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase with 1400W (1 mg/kg) abrogated the Cl2-induced changes in responsiveness. (cdc.gov)
ENOS10
  • Although Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms have been shown to have a positive association with coronary artery disease, the linkage between eNOS gene polymorphisms and hypertension has been controversial. (nih.gov)
  • Cell Biology - Signal Transduction: Gandhi T. K. Boopathy, Madhura Kulkarni, Sze Yuan Ho, Adrian Boey, Edmond Wei Min Chua, Veluchamy A. Barathi, Tom J. Carney, Xiaomeng Wang, and Wanjin Hong Cavin-2 regulates the activity and stability of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) in angiogenesis J. Biol. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • Interestingly, we also found that Cavin-2 regulates the production of nitric oxide (NO) in endothelial cells by controlling the stability and activity of the endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) and that Cavin-2 knockdown cells produce much less NO than WT cells. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • The enzyme responsible for producing nitric oxide in the endothelium is known as eNOS (endothelium nitric oxide synthase) , and it is coded for by the NOS3 gene. (geneticlifehacks.com)
  • Acetylcholine signals the creation of eNOS, and then the nitric oxide synthase causes the creation of nitric oxide from arginine. (geneticlifehacks.com)
  • Nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. (geneticlifehacks.com)
  • Nitric oxide synthase turns up in other areas of the body, so in the endothelium, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is referred to as eNOS to differentiate it from NOS elsewhere. (geneticlifehacks.com)
  • This study was designed to investigate the possible role of Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in obesity-induced vascular endothelium dysfunction. (who.int)
  • Therefore, it may be concluded that PI3K and eNOS pathway is dysregulated in obesity induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and YS-49, a PI3K activator improves vascular endothelial function in eNOS and nitric oxide dependent manner. (who.int)
  • After 48 h, the expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS) were detected by Western blot ( n =3). (magtech.com.cn)
Neuronal nitric4
  • In genetic (nonobese diabetic) and toxin-elicited (streptozotocin) models of diabetes in mice, we demonstrate defects in gastric emptying and nonadrenergic, noncholinergic relaxation of pyloric muscle, which resemble defects in mice harboring a deletion of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene (nNOS). (jci.org)
  • Targeting neuronal nitric oxide synthase with gene transfer to modulate cardiac autonomic function. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Microdomains of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are spatially localised within both autonomic neurons innervating the heart and post-junctional myocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Neuronal nitric oxide synthase μ (nNOSμ) contains 34 additional residues in an autoregulatory element compared to nNOSα. (uthscsa.edu)
Human inducible nitric oxide sy2
  • A bi-allelic tetranucleotide repeat in the promoter of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 16. Takeichi O, Saito I, Hayashio M, Tsurumachi T, Saito T. Production of human-inducible nitric oxide synthase in radicular cysts. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibitor3
  • Remifentanil was administered before ischemia or hypoxia and the experiments were repeated with previous administration of naloxone, L-arginine and N-ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, a nitric oxide donor, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, respectively. (asahq.org)
  • Methylene blue is a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor that has been found to increase SVR and decrease vasopressor requirements in vasoplegic syndrome by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase (NOS), thus limiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) as well as inhibiting the enzyme guanylyl cyclase and preventing vasodilation 5 . (anesthesiaejournal.com)
  • CHIR-99021 is a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor that has antiproliferative activity in vitro and in vivo. (dcchemicals.com)
Polymorphism1
  • The joint effect of the endothelin receptor B gene (EDNRB) polymorphism rs10507875 and nitric oxide synthase 3 gene (NOS3) polymorphism rs869109213 in Slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy. (cdc.gov)
Form of nitric oxide sy2
  • In the central nervous system, a constitutive form of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been localized in a subset of neurons and in endothelial cells. (elsevier.com)
  • A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in NERVE TISSUE. (musc.edu)
Activation of nitric oxide sy2
  • Tyrosine nitration on calmodulin enhances calcium-dependent association and activation of nitric-oxide synthase. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Activation of nitric oxide synthase generates reactive nitrogen species which create an oxidative stress 8 . (stackexchange.com)
Inducible NO synthase1
  • We show that the adenovirus E1A protein inhibits NO production by decreasing expression of the inducible NO synthase (NOS2). (elsevier.com)
Abstract2
  • abstract = "Nitric oxide (NO) is an antiviral effector of the innate immune system. (elsevier.com)
  • abstract = "Nitric oxide (NO) has been long assumed to play a key role in mammalian olfaction. (princeton.edu)
NOS33
  • Without BH4 coupling the NOS3 molecules together, the reaction to form nitric oxide from l-arginine cannot happen. (geneticlifehacks.com)
  • Increased resistance to bacterial respiratory infections in females found to be caused by estrogen, which activates nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3). (foundmyfitness.com)
  • Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) 4b/a, T-786C and G894T polymorphisms in association with diabetic retinopathy susceptibility: a meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
Constitutive1
  • Early nuclear factor-kappaB activation and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in injured spinal cord neurons correlating with a diffuse reduction of constitutive nitric oxide synthase activity. (univr.it)
Enzyme5
  • Two important metabolic pathways use the amino acid arginine as the precursor: the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, which converts arginine to nitric oxide, and citrulline and the enzyme arginase, which converts arginine to ornithine and urea. (life-enhancement.com)
  • If present in certain concentration, L-arginine theorytically induces the expression of Inducable-Nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) enzyme which catalyzes the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. (researchgate.net)
  • i-NOS) enzyme which catalyzes the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. (researchgate.net)
  • On the basis of the recent finding that nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines (products of L-arginine) play an important role in embryonic and placental development, the present study was designed to determine whether protein deficiency decreases placental and endometrial activities of NO synthase (NOS) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) (the first and key regulatory enzyme in polyamine synthesis). (elsevier.com)
  • This was based largely on circumstantial evidence, i.e. prominent staining for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) or soluble guanylyl cyclase, an effector enzyme activated by NO, in local interneurons of the olfactory bulb. (princeton.edu)
Vascular3
  • Vascular endothelial cells produce nitric oxide (NO), which contributes to the regulation of blood pressure and regional blood flow. (nih.gov)
  • Background: Inadequate nitric oxide (NO) availability may underlie vascular smooth muscle overgrowth that contributes to vascular occlusive diseases including atherosclerosis and restenosis. (northwestern.edu)
  • Endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation is critical for vascular leakage during acute inflammation in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
Role of Nitric Oxide2
  • Characterization of the role of nitric oxide and its clinical applications. (org.ua)
  • Role of nitric oxide in the progression of pneumoconiosis. (cdc.gov)
Inhibitors of nitric2
  • 2004 Dec 6;14(23):5907-11.Synthesis of analogs of (1,4)-3- and 5-imino oxazepane, thiazepane, and diazepane as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases. (idrblab.net)
  • [13] V?te?ek J, Lojek A, Valacchi G, Kubala L. Arginine-based inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase: therapeutic potential and challenges. (org.ua)
Isoforms2
  • Structural Characterization of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms Reveals Striking Active-Site Conservation. (atomistry.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to measure intrarenal spatial and temporal localization of all three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in the developing ovine kidney. (scirp.org)
Oxidative1
  • Not only is there a reduction in the production of nitric oxide when nitric oxide synthase is uncoupled, but oxidative stress is greatly increased. (life-enhancement.com)
Expression5
  • Objectives: To evaluate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing nerve fibers in penile tissue in different age groups in the rat and to measure serum testosterone levels during this developmental process. (ajol.info)
  • Remifentanil and L-arginine pretreatment reduced concentrations of serum aminotransferases and cytokines, decreased the concentrations of hepatic malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity, and increased superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, and inducible NOS expression in vivo. (asahq.org)
  • The expression level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA was assayed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at Ser 1177 was determined by Western blotting analysis. (elsevier.com)
  • Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and oxidation of lung proteins were observed. (cdc.gov)
  • Analysis of Mononuclear Cell Nitric Oxide Synthase Type 2 Antigen Expression / Jocelyn R. Saunders, Mary A. Misukonis, J. Brice Weinberg -- Pt. (who.int)
Pathway3
  • Now, another major mechanism of decreased production of nitric oxide has been reported: an increase in the arginase pathway for the use of arginine. (life-enhancement.com)
  • The results indicated that caffeine's inhibitory effect on arginase left more arginine available for use by the nitric oxide synthase pathway. (life-enhancement.com)
  • [1] Bryan NS, Bian K, Murad F. Discovery of the nitric oxide signaling pathway and targets for drug development. (org.ua)
Variants in nitric1
  • Lifestyle factors and genetic variants in nitric oxide-related genes are important here. (geneticlifehacks.com)
Intracellular2
  • Nitric oxide as the regulator of intracellular homeostasis in the uterus myocytes]. (org.ua)
  • Nitric Balance ™ is an advanced combination of carefully selected ingredients that work together to affect NOS (nitric oxide synthase) activity and intracellular energy production. (wordpress.com)
1.14.13.391
  • Nitric oxide synthases (NOS, E.C. 1.14.13.39 ) are a family of oxidoreductases that synthesize nitric oxide (NO.) via the NADPH and oxygen-dependent consumption of L-arginine with the resultant by-product, L-citrulline . (guidetopharmacology.org)
Citrulline2
  • C = NO(.). A subsequent nucleophilic attack by the iron-hydroperoxide species formed by this H-atom abstraction on the carbon atom of the iminoxyl radical moiety leads to the production of nitric oxide (NO) and citrulline. (canada.ca)
  • NO is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymes1
  • It is a cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, [17] used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), melatonin , dopamine , norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), and is a cofactor for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by the nitric oxide syntheses. (mdwiki.org)
Superoxide anion2
  • Scientists have found that an inadequate supply of arginine or too little of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (which one paper reports may be mimicked by folic acid 2 ) results in an "uncoupling" of nitric oxide synthase from the production of nitric oxide, producing superoxide anion instead. (life-enhancement.com)
  • Without BH4 creating the bond, the reaction using just one nitric oxide synthase molecule will actually create a superoxide anion, which is a deleterious free radical. (geneticlifehacks.com)
Cardiac1
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Is endothelial-nitric-oxide-synthase-derived nitric oxide involved in cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation-related damage. (who.int)
Rats1
  • Ca 2+ -independent nitric oxide synthase was detected in gastric mucosal cells isolated from rats injected 4 h previously with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (3 mg/kg i.v.). Induced nitric oxide synthase was located in an elutriated cell fraction of intermediate size which contained epithelial cells, but was absent from the parietal cell fraction. (port.ac.uk)
Nitrite1
  • [6] Shiva S. Nitrite: A Physiological store of nitric oxide and modulator of mitochondrial function. (org.ua)
Penile1
  • Tion and epidemiology of ed may be made available some of you after the sexually a loss of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase mediates penile erection. (psm.edu)
Activity6
  • We wonder, too, whether the prescription drug pentoxifylline, a prescription methylxanthine drug used in the treatment of poor circulation in the extremities (especially legs), might reduce arginase activity (thus increasing arginine's availability to be converted to nitric oxide), which (if true) might account for some of the drug's beneficial effects. (life-enhancement.com)
  • Enhanced gastric nitric oxide synthase activity in duodenal ulcer patients. (bmj.com)
  • Placental NO synthase activity and NO generation were lower in high line gilts than in low line gilts. (elsevier.com)
  • In addition, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to exam nitric oxygen (NO) synthase (NOS) activity by directly measuring NO production in the culture medium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ca 2+ -independent nitric oxide synthase activity can thus be induced in certain cells of the gastric mucosa, and may contribute to gastric pathologies where there is activation of the immune system. (port.ac.uk)
  • Now, excessive glutamate activates the glutamate-activated NMDA and AMPA receptors which, in turn, increases activity of nitric oxide synthase 7 . (stackexchange.com)
Production4
  • Not only is arginine in the brain vital for the manufacture of nitric oxide, it is also used in brain protein synthesis and is the substrate for the production of urea (detoxification of ammonia), creatine, agmatine, glutamic acid, ornithine, proline, and polyamines. (life-enhancement.com)
  • 05). Conclusions: The new generation of calcium channel antagonist cilnidipine relaxes human arteries through calcium channel antagonism and increases production of nitric oxide by enhancement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. (elsevier.com)
  • [7] Nakatsubo N, Kojima H, Kikuchi K, Nagoshi H, Hirata Y, Maeda D, Imai Y, Irimura T, Nagano T. Direct evidence of nitric oxide production from bovine aortic endothelial cells using new fluorescence indicators: diaminofluoresceins. (org.ua)
  • Nitric oxide production is assocated temporarilly and anatomically with pulmonary damange, inflammation, and disease progression in response to occupational dusts. (cdc.gov)
Endothelium3
  • endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthase. (expasy.org)
  • Nitric oxide acts as a signaling molecule in the endothelium, impacting blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, brain health, and more. (geneticlifehacks.com)
  • One important role that nitric oxide plays in the body is to act as a signaling molecule from the endothelium to the surrounding layers of the blood vessels, causing the blood vessel to relax. (geneticlifehacks.com)
Cell viability1
  • Administration of dexamethasone (2 mg/kg i.p.) 1 h before lipopolysaccharide inhibited the appearance of Ca 2+ -independent nitric oxide synthase, and prevented the observed reduction in cell viability (trypan blue exclusion). (port.ac.uk)
Astrocytes1
  • Dual cross-talk between nitric oxide and D-serine in astrocytes and neurons in the brain. (univr.it)
Endothelial function1
  • There has been considerable recent publication of papers on nitric oxide synthase because of the importance of nitric oxide in functions such as (importantly) vasodilation (endothelial function). (life-enhancement.com)
Molecule4
  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, diffusible molecule that has a variety of biological activities including vasorelaxation, neurotransmission, and cytotoxicity. (elsevier.com)
  • Nitric oxide - a little molecule needed in just the right amount. (geneticlifehacks.com)
  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule that acts as a signaling molecule in the body. (geneticlifehacks.com)
  • Nitric oxide, which is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is an important signaling molecule in cochlear physiology and pathology. (biomedcentral.com)
Polymorphisms1
  • Nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and diabetic nephropathy. (cdc.gov)
Blockage1
  • We investigated the vasorelaxation effect of cilnidipine with regard to its calcium channel blockage and nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent mechanism in human internal thoracic artery. (elsevier.com)
Oxygen3
  • Nitric oxide's composition consists of a nitrogen atom bound to an oxygen atom. (geneticlifehacks.com)
  • Arginine, an amino acid, converts into nitric oxide with the addition of oxygen. (geneticlifehacks.com)
  • Nitric oxide regulation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption I: cellular physiology. (org.ua)
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