AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Nitric OxideNitric Oxide SynthaseNitric Oxide Synthase Type IINitric Oxide Synthase Type IIINitric Oxide DonorsNitric Oxide Synthase Type ING-Nitroarginine Methyl EsterArginineNitritesomega-N-MethylarginineEnzyme InhibitorsNitratesAmino Acid OxidoreductasesNitrogen OxidesS-Nitroso-N-AcetylpenicillamineCyclic GMPOxidesNitroprussidePenicillamineEndothelium, VascularVasodilationMolsidomineGuanylate CyclaseNitroarginineRats, Sprague-DawleyS-NitrosoglutathioneVasodilator AgentsS-NitrosothiolsRats, WistarCells, CulturedDose-Response Relationship, DrugZinc OxideLipopolysaccharidesNADPH DehydrogenaseEnzyme InductionPeroxynitrous AcidIndazolesOxadiazolesSuperoxidesExhalationAcetylcholineBreath TestsGuanidinesMacrophagesFree Radical ScavengersBlood PressureRNA, MessengerAdministration, InhalationMice, Inbred C57BLVasoconstrictionTriazenesSignal TransductionAortaOxidative StressArginaseMuscle RelaxationMuscle, Smooth, VascularRegional Blood FlowTime FactorsHydrazinesMice, KnockoutOxygenNitrosationGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicInterferon-gammaDisease Models, AnimalReactive Oxygen SpeciesBlotting, WesternEndothelial CellsOxidation-ReductionTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaDiethylaminesBradykininAmidinesQuinoxalinesIndomethacinReactive Nitrogen SpeciesCyclic GMP-Dependent Protein KinasesSuperoxide DismutaseImmunohistochemistryAorta, ThoracicArteriolesVascular ResistanceMacrophage ActivationHemodynamicsCyclooxygenase InhibitorsEnzyme ActivationInterleukin-1Cell LineMacrophages, PeritonealIsothiuroniumEndothelium-Dependent Relaxing FactorsRabbitsMicrocirculationIsoenzymesLungCattleMethylene BlueCyclic N-OxidesPulmonary CirculationCyclooxygenase 2Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide SynthasesNitroglycerinAnoxiaSwineTyrosinePhenylephrinePulmonary ArteryKidneyGlutathioneEndothelin-1Vasoconstrictor AgentsRenal CirculationNitro CompoundsCytokinesNitric AcidHydrogen PeroxideNF-kappa BCoronary VesselsCarbon MonoxideHemoglobinsBiological FactorsImidazolesMyocardiumNitroso CompoundsAnalysis of VarianceNitrergic NeuronsElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyVasomotor SystemProstaglandinsApoptosisCalciumGTP CyclohydrolaseFerrosoferric OxideFerric CompoundsPersistent Fetal Circulation SyndromeMesenteric ArteriesOxyhemoglobinsThioureaArteriesForearmHypertension, PulmonaryReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionInflammationMagnesium OxideAnti-Inflammatory AgentsHyperemiaDogsAntioxidantsKineticsPenisDinoprostoneUp-RegulationPlant ExtractsHemeFree RadicalsOxidantsPhosphorylationSpermineNeuronsCell SurvivalSodium NitriteHeart RateNADPH OxidaseNitrite ReductasesSpin TrappingBlood VesselsOrnithineGene ExpressionBenzoatesHemeproteinsReperfusion InjuryPhosphodiesterase InhibitorsMuscle ContractionCyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5Xanthine OxidaseBrainEndothelinsHeme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)Drug InteractionsOxygen ConsumptionPterinsLaser-Doppler FlowmetryAluminum OxideOxidoreductases15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic AcidRecombinant ProteinsCationic Amino Acid Transporter 2CitrullineCaveolin 1Muscle, SmoothRats, Inbred WKYBenzylaminesHeme Oxygenase-1Angiotensin IILipid PeroxidationSheepPeroxidaseHypertensionGene Expression RegulationMice, Inbred BALB C
Nitric Oxide: A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.Nitric Oxide Synthase: An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II: A CALCIUM-independent subtype of nitric oxide synthase that may play a role in immune function. It is an inducible enzyme whose expression is transcriptionally regulated by a variety of CYTOKINES.Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III: A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.Nitric Oxide Donors: A diverse group of agents, with unique chemical structures and biochemical requirements, which generate NITRIC OXIDE. These compounds have been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the management of acute myocardial infarction, acute and chronic congestive heart failure, and surgical control of blood pressure. (Adv Pharmacol 1995;34:361-81)Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I: A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in NERVE TISSUE.NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.Enzyme Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.Amino Acid Oxidoreductases: A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids.Nitrogen Oxides: Inorganic oxides that contain nitrogen.S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Oxides: Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.Nitroprusside: A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.Endothelium, Vascular: Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.Vasodilation: The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.Guanylate Cyclase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. It also acts on ITP and dGTP. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.6.1.2.Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6)Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.S-Nitrosoglutathione: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.Vasodilator Agents: Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.S-Nitrosothiols: A group of organic sulfur-containing nitrites, alkyl thionitrites. S-Nitrosothiols include compounds such as S-NITROSO-N-ACETYLPENICILLAMINE and S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.Lipopolysaccharides: Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)NADPH Dehydrogenase: A flavoprotein that reversibly oxidizes NADPH to NADP and a reduced acceptor. EC 1.6.99.1.Enzyme Induction: An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).IndazolesOxadiazolesSuperoxides: Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.Exhalation: The act of BREATHING out.Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.Breath Tests: Any tests done on exhaled air.Guanidines: A family of iminourea derivatives. The parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. Derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties.Macrophages: The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)Free Radical Scavengers: Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Administration, Inhalation: The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.Mice, Inbred C57BLVasoconstriction: The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Triazenes: Compounds with three contiguous nitrogen atoms in linear format, H2N-N=NH, and hydrocarbyl derivatives.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Aorta: The main trunk of the systemic arteries.Oxidative Stress: A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).Arginase: A ureahydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine or canavanine to yield L-ornithine (ORNITHINE) and urea. Deficiency of this enzyme causes HYPERARGININEMIA. EC 3.5.3.1.Muscle Relaxation: That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.Muscle, Smooth, Vascular: The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.Regional Blood Flow: The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.HydrazinesMice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Nitrosation: Conversion into nitroso compounds. An example is the reaction of nitrites with amino compounds to form carcinogenic N-nitrosamines.Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.Interferon-gamma: The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Reactive Oxygen Species: Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Endothelial Cells: Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.Oxidation-Reduction: A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha: Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.DiethylaminesBradykinin: A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.AmidinesQuinoxalinesIndomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.Reactive Nitrogen Species: Nitrogenous products of NITRIC OXIDE synthases, ranging from NITRIC OXIDE to NITRATES. These reactive nitrogen intermediates also include the inorganic PEROXYNITROUS ACID and the organic S-NITROSOTHIOLS.Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases: A group of cyclic GMP-dependent enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues of proteins.Superoxide Dismutase: An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Aorta, Thoracic: The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.Arterioles: The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.Vascular Resistance: The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.Macrophage Activation: The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants.Hemodynamics: The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with cyclooxygenase (PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASES) and thereby prevent its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.Enzyme Activation: Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.Interleukin-1: A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Macrophages, Peritoneal: Mononuclear phagocytes derived from bone marrow precursors but resident in the peritoneum.Isothiuronium: An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity.Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors: Paracrine substances produced by the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM with VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation (VASODILATION) activities. Several factors have been identified, including NITRIC OXIDE and PROSTACYCLIN.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Microcirculation: The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.Isoenzymes: Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.Cyclic N-Oxides: Heterocyclic compounds in which an oxygen is attached to a cyclic nitrogen.Pulmonary Circulation: The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.Cyclooxygenase 2: An inducibly-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important role in many cellular processes and INFLAMMATION. It is the target of COX2 INHIBITORS.Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases: Enzyme complexes that catalyze the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS from the appropriate unsaturated FATTY ACIDS, molecular OXYGEN, and a reduced acceptor.Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.Anoxia: Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.Pulmonary Artery: The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.Kidney: Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.Glutathione: A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)Vasoconstrictor Agents: Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.Renal Circulation: The circulation of the BLOOD through the vessels of the KIDNEY.Nitro Compounds: Compounds having the nitro group, -NO2, attached to carbon. When attached to nitrogen they are nitramines and attached to oxygen they are NITRATES.Cytokines: Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Hydrogen Peroxide: A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.NF-kappa B: Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.Coronary Vessels: The veins and arteries of the HEART.Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Hemoglobins: The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.Biological Factors: Endogenously-synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS.Imidazoles: Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES).Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.Nitroso CompoundsAnalysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Nitrergic Neurons: Nerve cells where transmission is mediated by NITRIC OXIDE.Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.Vasomotor System: The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.Prostaglandins: A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.GTP Cyclohydrolase: (GTP cyclohydrolase I) or GTP 7,8-8,9-dihydrolase (pyrophosphate-forming) (GTP cyclohydrolase II). An enzyme group that hydrolyzes the imidazole ring of GTP, releasing carbon-8 as formate. Two C-N bonds are hydrolyzed and the pentase unit is isomerized. This is the first step in the synthesis of folic acid from GTP. EC 3.5.4.16 (GTP cyclohydrolase I) and EC 3.5.4.25 (GTP cyclohydrolase II).Ferrosoferric Oxide: Iron (II,III) oxide (Fe3O4). It is a black ore of IRON that forms opaque crystals and exerts strong magnetism.Ferric Compounds: Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome: A syndrome of persistent PULMONARY HYPERTENSION in the newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN) without demonstrable HEART DISEASES. This neonatal condition can be caused by severe pulmonary vasoconstriction (reactive type), hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial muscle (hypertrophic type), or abnormally developed pulmonary arterioles (hypoplastic type). The newborn patient exhibits CYANOSIS and ACIDOSIS due to the persistence of fetal circulatory pattern of right-to-left shunting of blood through a patent ductus arteriosus (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, PATENT) and at times a patent foramen ovale (FORAMEN OVALE, PATENT).Mesenteric Arteries: Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.Oxyhemoglobins: A compound formed by the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen. It is a complex in which the oxygen is bound directly to the iron without causing a change from the ferrous to the ferric state.Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.Forearm: Part of the arm in humans and primates extending from the ELBOW to the WRIST.Hypertension, Pulmonary: Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.Magnesium Oxide: Magnesium oxide (MgO). An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase. In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide. It is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses.Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.Hyperemia: The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Antioxidants: Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Penis: The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra.Dinoprostone: The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.Up-Regulation: A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Plant Extracts: Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.Free Radicals: Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.Oxidants: Electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION).Phosphorylation: The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.Spermine: A biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.Cell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.Heart Rate: The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.NADPH Oxidase: A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the univalent reduction of OXYGEN using NADPH as an electron donor to create SUPEROXIDE ANION. The enzyme is dependent on a variety of CYTOCHROMES. Defects in the production of superoxide ions by enzymes such as NADPH oxidase result in GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC.Nitrite Reductases: A group of enzymes that oxidize diverse nitrogenous substances to yield nitrite. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.Spin Trapping: A technique for detecting short-lived reactive FREE RADICALS in biological systems by providing a nitrone or nitrose compound for an addition reaction to occur which produces an ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY-detectable aminoxyl radical. In spin trapping, the compound trapping the radical is called the spin trap and the addition product of the radical is identified as the spin adduct. (Free Rad Res Comm 1990;9(3-6):163)Blood Vessels: Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins).Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Benzoates: Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure.Hemeproteins: Proteins that contain an iron-porphyrin, or heme, prosthetic group resembling that of hemoglobin. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p480)Reperfusion Injury: Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of phosphodiesterases.Muscle Contraction: A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5: A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC GMP. It is found predominantly in vascular tissue and plays an important role in regulating VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction.Xanthine Oxidase: An iron-molybdenum flavoprotein containing FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE that oxidizes hypoxanthine, some other purines and pterins, and aldehydes. Deficiency of the enzyme, an autosomal recessive trait, causes xanthinuria.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Endothelins: 21-Amino-acid peptides produced by vascular endothelial cells and functioning as potent vasoconstrictors. The endothelin family consists of three members, ENDOTHELIN-1; ENDOTHELIN-2; and ENDOTHELIN-3. All three peptides contain 21 amino acids, but vary in amino acid composition. The three peptides produce vasoconstrictor and pressor responses in various parts of the body. However, the quantitative profiles of the pharmacological activities are considerably different among the three isopeptides.Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing): A mixed function oxidase enzyme which during hemoglobin catabolism catalyzes the degradation of heme to ferrous iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin in the presence of molecular oxygen and reduced NADPH. The enzyme is induced by metals, particularly cobalt. EC 1.14.99.3.Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.Oxygen Consumption: The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)Pterins: Compounds based on 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine.Laser-Doppler Flowmetry: A method of non-invasive, continuous measurement of MICROCIRCULATION. The technique is based on the values of the DOPPLER EFFECT of low-power laser light scattered randomly by static structures and moving tissue particulates.Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.Oxidoreductases: The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2: A high-affinity, low capacity system y+ amino acid transporter with strong similarity to CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER 1. The two isoforms of the protein, CAT-2A and CAT-2B, exist due to alternative mRNA splicing. The transporter has specificity for the transport of ARGININE; LYSINE; and ORNITHINE.CitrullineCaveolin 1: A tyrosine phosphoprotein that plays an essential role in CAVEOLAE formation. It binds CHOLESTEROL and is involved in LIPIDS transport, membrane traffic, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.Muscle, Smooth: Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Rats, Inbred WKY: A strain of Rattus norvegicus used as a normotensive control for the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).Benzylamines: Toluenes in which one hydrogen of the methyl group is substituted by an amino group. Permitted are any substituents on the benzene ring or the amino group.Heme Oxygenase-1: A ubiquitous stress-responsive enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of HEME to yield IRON; CARBON MONOXIDE; and BILIVERDIN.Angiotensin II: An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.Lipid Peroxidation: Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.Sheep: Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.Peroxidase: A hemeprotein from leukocytes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to a hereditary disorder coupled with disseminated moniliasis. It catalyzes the conversion of a donor and peroxide to an oxidized donor and water. EC 1.11.1.7.Hypertension: Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Mice, Inbred BALB C

Nitric oxide stimulates the stress-activated protein kinase p38 in rat renal mesangial cells. (1/20782)

Nitric oxide (NO) has gained increased attention as a diffusible universal messenger that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recently, we reported that exogenous NO is able to activate the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade in mesangial cells. Here, we demonstrate that exposure of glomerular mesangial cells to compounds releasing NO, including spermine-NO and (Z)-1- (N-methyl-N-[6-(N-methylammoniohexyl)amino]diazen)-1-ium-1,2-diolate (MAHMA-NO), results in an activation of the stress-activated p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) cascade as measured by the phosphorylation of the activator of transcription factor-2 (ATF2) in an immunocomplex kinase assay. Activation of the p38-MAPK cascade by a short stimulation (10 min) with the NO donor MAHMA-NO causes a large increase in ATF2 phosphorylation that is several times greater than that observed after stimulation with interleukin-1beta, a well-known activator of the p38-MAPK pathway. Time course studies reveal that MAHMA-NO causes rapid and maximal activation of p38-MAPK after 10 min of stimulation and that activation declines to basal levels within 60 min. The longer-lived NO donor spermine-NO causes a comparable rapid activation of the p38-MAPK pathway; however, the increased activation state of p38-MAPK was maintained for several hours before control values were reattained after 24 h of stimulation. Furthermore, the NO donors also activated the classical extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) p44-MAPK cascade as shown by phosphorylation of the specific substrate cytosolic phospholipase A2 in an immunocomplex kinase reaction. Both MAHMA-NO and spermine-NO cause a rapid activation of p44-MAPK after 10 min of stimulation. Interestingly, there is a second delayed peak of p44-MAPK activation after 4-24 h of stimulation with NO donors. These results suggest that there is a differential activation pattern for stress-activated and mitogen-activated protein kinases by NO and that the integration of these signals may lead to specific cell responses.  (+info)

Relaxin is a potent renal vasodilator in conscious rats. (2/20782)

The kidneys and other nonreproductive organs vasodilate during early gestation; however, the "pregnancy hormones" responsible for the profound vasodilation of the renal circulation during pregnancy are unknown. We hypothesized that the ovarian hormone relaxin (RLX) contributes. Therefore, we tested whether the administration of RLX elicits renal vasodilation and hyperfiltration in conscious adult, intact female rats. After several days of treatment with either purified porcine RLX or recombinant human RLX 2 (rhRLX), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased by 20%-40%. Comparable renal vasodilation and hyperfiltration was also observed in ovariectomized rats, suggesting that estrogen and progesterone are unnecessary for the renal response to rhRLX. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester completely abrogated the increase in ERPF and GFR elicited by chronic administration of purified porcine RLX. In contrast, the renal vasoconstrictory response to angiotensin II was attenuated by the RLX treatment. Short-term infusion of purified porcine RLX to conscious rats over several hours failed to increase ERPF and GFR. Plasma osmolality was consistently reduced by the chronic administration of both RLX preparations. In conclusion, the renal and osmoregulatory effects of chronic RLX administration to conscious rats resemble the physiological changes of pregnancy in several respects: (a) marked increases in ERPF and GFR with a mediatory role for nitric oxide; (b) attenuation of the renal circulatory response to angiotensin II; and (c) reduction in plasma osmolality.  (+info)

An antiviral mechanism of nitric oxide: inhibition of a viral protease. (3/20782)

Although nitric oxide (NO) kills or inhibits the replication of a variety of intracellular pathogens, the antimicrobial mechanisms of NO are unknown. Here, we identify a viral protease as a target of NO. The life cycle of many viruses depends upon viral proteases that cleave viral polyproteins into individual polypeptides. NO inactivates the Coxsackievirus protease 3C, an enzyme necessary for the replication of Coxsackievirus. NO S-nitrosylates the cysteine residue in the active site of protease 3C, inhibiting protease activity and interrupting the viral life cycle. Substituting a serine residue for the active site cysteine renders protease 3C resistant to NO inhibition. Since cysteine proteases are critical for virulence or replication of many viruses, bacteria, and parasites, S-nitrosylation of pathogen cysteine proteases may be a general mechanism of antimicrobial host defenses.  (+info)

Evidence for a vasopressin system in the rat heart. (4/20782)

Traditionally, a hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system is thought to be the exclusive source of arginine vasopressin (AVP), a potent antidiuretic, vasoconstricting, and growth-stimulating neuropeptide. We have identified de novo synthesis of AVP in the heart as well as release of the hormone into the cardiac effluents. Specifically, molecular cloning of sequence tags amplified from isolated, buffer-perfused, and pressure-overloaded rat hearts allowed the detection of cardiac AVP mRNA. Subsequent experiments revealed a prominent induction of AVP mRNA (peak at 120 minutes, 59-fold, P<0. 01 versus baseline) and peptide (peak at 120 minutes, 11-fold, P<0. 01 versus baseline) in these isolated hearts. Newly induced vasopressin peptide was localized most prominently to endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells of arterioles and perivascular tissue using immunohistochemistry. In addition to pressure overload, nitric oxide (NO) participated in these alterations, because inhibition of NO synthase by Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester markedly depressed cardiac AVP mRNA and peptide induction. Immediate cardiac effects related to cardiac AVP induction in isolated, perfused, pressure-overloaded hearts appeared to be coronary vasoconstriction and impaired relaxation. These functional changes were observed in parallel with AVP induction and largely prevented by addition of a V1 receptor blocker (10(-8) mol/L [deamino-Pen1, O-Me-Tyr2, Arg8]-vasopressin) to the perfusion buffer. Even more interesting, pressure-overloaded, isolated hearts released the peptide into the coronary effluents, offering the potential for systemic actions of AVP from cardiac origin. We conclude that the heart, stressed by acute pressure overload or NO, expresses vasopressin in concentrations sufficient to cause local and potentially systemic effects.  (+info)

Role of nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in adrenomedullin-induced vasodilation in the rat. (5/20782)

We previously reported that adrenomedullin (AM), a potent vasodilator peptide discovered in pheochromocytoma cells, stimulates nitric oxide (NO) release in the rat kidney. To further investigate whether the NO-cGMP pathway is involved in the mechanisms of AM-induced vasodilation, we examined the effects of E-4021, a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on AM-induced vasorelaxation in aortic rings and perfused kidneys isolated from Wistar rats. We also measured NO release from the kidneys using a chemiluminescence assay. AM (10(-10) to 10(-7) mol/L) relaxed the aorta precontracted with phenylephrine in a dose-dependent manner. Denudation of endothelium (E) attenuated the vasodilatory action of AM (10(-7) mol/L AM: intact (E+) -25.7+/-5.2% versus denuded (E-) -7. 8+/-0.6%, P<0.05). On the other hand, pretreatment with 10(-8) mol/L E-4021 augmented AM-induced vasorelaxation in the intact aorta (-49. 0+/-7.9%, P<0.05) but not in the denuded one. E-4021 also enhanced acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation in the rat intact aorta (10(-7) mol/L ACh -36.6+/-8.4% versus 10(-8) mol/L E-4021+10(-7) mol/L ACh -62.7+/-3.1%, P<0.05). In perfused kidneys, AM-induced vasorelaxation was also augmented by preincubation with E-4021 (10(-9) mol/L AM -15.4+/-0.6% versus 10(-8) mol/L E-4021+10(-9) mol/L AM -23.6+/-1.2%, P<0.01). AM significantly increased NO release from rat kidneys (DeltaNO: +11.3+/-0.8 fmol. min-1. g-1 kidney at 10(-9) mol/L AM), which was not affected by E-4021. E-4021 enhanced ACh-induced vasorelaxation (10(-9) mol/L ACh -9.7+/-1.7% versus 10(-8) mol/L E-4021+10(-9) mol/L ACh -18.8+/-2.9%, P<0.01) but did not affect ACh-induced NO release from the kidneys. In the aorta and the kidney, 10(-4) mol/L of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an NO synthase inhibitor, and 10(-5) mol/L of methylene blue, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, reduced the vasodilatory effect of AM. These results suggest that the NO-cGMP pathway is involved in the mechanism of AM-induced vasorelaxation, at least in the rat aorta and kidney.  (+info)

Overexpression of CuZn superoxide dismutase protects RAW 264.7 macrophages against nitric oxide cytotoxicity. (6/20782)

Initiation of nitric oxide (NO.)-mediated apoptotic cell death in RAW 264.7 macrophages is associated with up-regulation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD; SOD2) and down-regulation of cytosolic copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD; SOD1) at their individual mRNA and protein levels. To evaluate the decreased CuZnSOD expression and the initiation of apoptosis we stably transfected macrophages to overexpress human CuZnSOD. Individual clones revealed a 2-fold increase in CuZnSOD activity. Expression of a functional and thus protective CuZnSOD was verified by attenuated superoxide (O2(.)-)-mediated apoptotic as well as necrotic cell death. In this study we showed that SOD-overexpressing macrophages (R-SOD1-12) were also protected against NO.-initiated programmed cell death. Protection was substantial towards NO. derived from exogenously added NO donors or when NO. was generated by inducible NO synthase activation, and was evident at the level of p53 accumulation, caspase activation and DNA fragmentation. Stimulation of parent and SOD-overexpressing cells with a combination of lipopolysaccharide and murine interferon gamma produced equivalent amounts of nitrite/nitrate, which ruled out attenuated inducible NO. synthase activity during protection. Because protection by a O2(.)--scavenging system during NO. -intoxication implies a role of NO. and O2(.)- in the progression of cell damage, we used uric acid to delineate the role of peroxynitrite during NO.-elicited apoptosis. The peroxynitrite scavenger uric acid left S-nitrosoglutathione or spermine-NO-elicited apoptosis unaltered, blocking only 3-morpholinosydnonimine-mediated cell death. As a result we exclude peroxynitrite from contributing, to any major extent, to NO. -mediated apoptosis. Therefore protection observed with CuZnSOD overexpression is unlikely to stem from interference with peroxynitrite formation and/or action. Unequivocally, the down-regulation of CuZnSOD is associated with NO. cytotoxicity, whereas CuZnSOD overexpression protects macrophages from apoptosis.  (+info)

Differential regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor fms-like-tyrosine kinase is mediated by nitric oxide in rat renal mesangial cells. (7/20782)

Under conditions associated with local and systemic inflammation, mesangial cells and invading immune cells are likely to be responsible for the release of large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) in the glomerulus. To further define the mechanisms of NO action in the glomerulus, we attempted to identify genes which are regulated by NO in rat glomerular mesangial cells. We identified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor fms-like tyrosine kinase (FLT-1) to be under the regulatory control of exogenously applied NO in these cells. Using S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) as an NO-donating agent, VEGF expression was strongly induced, whereas expression of its FLT-1 receptor simultaneously decreased. Expressional regulation of VEGF and FLT-1 mRNA was transient and occurred rapidly within 1-3 h after GSNO treatment. Expression of a second VEGF-specific receptor, fetal liver kinase-1 (FLK-1/KDR), could not be detected. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta mediated a moderate increase in VEGF expression after 24 h and had no influence on FLT-1 expression. In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor-BB and basic fibroblast growth factor had no effect on VEGF expression, but strongly induced FLT-1 mRNA levels. Obviously, there is a differential regulation of VEGF and its receptor FLT-1 by NO, cytokines and growth factors in rat mesangial cells.  (+info)

Role of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice as an experimental endotoxic shock model. (8/20782)

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic injury was studied in D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-sensitized mice. The inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) was immunohistochemically detected on hepatocytes around blood vessels in livers of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS not on hepatocytes in mice injected with D-GalN or LPS alone, although mRNA for iNOS was found in those mice. Nitrotyrosine (NT) was also found in livers of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS. The localization of NT was consistent with that of iNOS, and the time courses of NT and iNOS expression were almost the same. Expression of iNOS and NT was detected exclusively in the hepatic lesions of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha neutralizing antibody inhibited iNOS and NT expression and hepatic injury. The results suggested that NO from iNOS may play a role in LPS-induced hepatic injury on D-GalN-sensitized mice as an experimental endotoxic shock model.  (+info)

Heat and photolytic nitric oxide are essential factors for light-induced vascular tension changes<...Heat and photolytic nitric oxide are essential factors for light-induced vascular tension changes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Heat and photolytic nitric oxide are essential factors for light-induced vascular tension changes. AU - Matsuo, Hirotaka. AU - Morimoto, Y.. AU - Arai, T.. AU - Wada, M.. AU - Higo, R.. AU - Tabata, S.. AU - Nakai, K.. AU - Kikuchi, M.. PY - 2000/1/1. Y1 - 2000/1/1. N2 - Light induces various vascular tension changes, but these phenomena and their mechanisms remain controversial. We hypothesise that photocontraction results from the thermal effect, and that photorelaxation results from the non-thermal effect of photochemical nitric oxide generation. The isometric tension of a rat aortic ring was measured during laser light irradiation at various wavelengths with constant heat generation. Visible irradiation (458 nm, 514.5 nm) induced either photorelaxation (the tension increment was -20% of the contracted state induced by noradrenaline) or photocontraction (+7.8%); UV irradiation (351 nm) induced only photorelaxation (-41%), and near-IR irradiation (800 nm) produced only ...
Inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived superoxide contributes to hypereactivity in small mesenteric arteries from a rat model...Inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived superoxide contributes to hypereactivity in small mesenteric arteries from a rat model...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived superoxide contributes to hypereactivity in small mesenteric arteries from a rat model of chronic heart failure. AU - Miller, A A. AU - Megson, I L. AU - Gray, G A. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - The aims of this study were to (a) determine whether inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed in small mesenteric arteries from rats with chronic heart failure (CHF), (b) investigate the functional significance of this potential source of nitric oxide (NO) on vascular responsiveness and (c) investigate the role that superoxide plays in modulating vascular function in these arteries. CHF was induced in male Wistar rats by coronary artery ligation (CAL). In sham-operated rats the ligature was not tied but pulled under the artery. Six weeks after surgery CAL rats had left ventricular (LV) infarctions and elevated LV end-diastolic pressures. Immunoreactive iNOS was found in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and in the adventitia of ...
US Patent for Treatment of vascular degenerative diseases by modulation of endogenous nitric oxide production of activity...US Patent for Treatment of vascular degenerative diseases by modulation of endogenous nitric oxide production of activity...
Atherogenesis and restenosis are treated by long term administration of physiologically acceptable compounds which enhance the level of endogenous nitric oxide in the host. Alternatively, or in combination, other compounds may be administered which provide for short term enhancement of nitric oxide, either directly or by physiological processes. In addition, cells may be genetically engineered to provide a component in the synthetic pathway to nitric oxide, so as drive the process to enhance nitric oxide concentration, particularly in conjunction with the administration of a nitric oxide precursor.
AB309. SPR-36 Loss of nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of purine neurotransmitter release in the colon in the absence of...AB309. SPR-36 Loss of nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of purine neurotransmitter release in the colon in the absence of...
AB309. SPR-36 Loss of nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of purine neurotransmitter release in the colon in the absence of interstitial cells of Cajal
Nitric oxide dependent mechanisms in the urogenital tract « EXJOBBSTIPS.SENitric oxide dependent mechanisms in the urogenital tract « EXJOBBSTIPS.SE
Exjobbstips.se - Ska du skriva exjobb / examensuppsats? Här hittar du uppsatsförslag från svenska företag! Exjobb om: Nitric oxide dependent mechanisms in the urogenital tract
Nitric oxide inhalation in infants and children: physiologic and clinical implications | American Journal of Critical Care |...Nitric oxide inhalation in infants and children: physiologic and clinical implications | American Journal of Critical Care |...
Nitric oxide is a significant biologic mediator in a number of physiologic processes. Clinical and laboratory studies in both human and animal models have uncovered a number of conditions responsive to nitric oxide therapy. The use of inhaled nitric oxide is rapidly expanding into neonatal and pediatric critical care. Presently, the primary clinical indication for nitric oxide is pulmonary hypertension of either a primary or secondary etiology. Some patient populations that are refractory to conventional management demonstrate significant improvement when receiving nitric oxide therapy. This article discusses the physiologic properties of nitric oxide, as well as its diagnostic and therapeutic indications. Specific issues regarding nitric oxide delivery, monitoring, safety standards, and nursing care are also addressed. ...
Is Measurement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate in Plasma or Urine Suitable for Assessing In Vivo Nitric Oxide Production? |...Is Measurement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate in Plasma or Urine Suitable for Assessing In Vivo Nitric Oxide Production? |...
The letter by Drs Mair and Puschendorf gives us an opportunity to comment on the use of plasma and urinary nitrate and cGMP as indicators of in vivo nitric oxide formation.. Nitric oxide is formed in the vascular endothelium and in other tissues. One of its major targets is the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), which leads to the formation of cGMP. NO is rapidly inactivated through oxidation to nitrite and nitrate; under pathophysiologic conditions, oxidative inactivation may occur even before the sGC has been stimulated.R1 Both cGMP and nitrite/nitrate can be found in conditioned endothelial cell media, in plasma, and in urine. Because the chemical half-life of NO is in the range of seconds, NO itself can hardly be measured in vivo. Two main strategies have therefore been followed to assess NO activity in vivo. One is to determine NO-dependent vasodilation and the other is to measure the metabolites and/or second messenger of NO, nitrite/nitrate and cGMP, as biochemical surrogates for NO. ...
5 Foods That Boost Nitric Oxide Levels5 Foods That Boost Nitric Oxide Levels
... Brought to you by BochaBeets.. Learn More About BOCHA-BEETS ➢ Today, I would like to talk with you about 5 foods that help to boost nitric oxide levels.. Bodybuilders have been obsessed with this performance enhancer for increased muscle growth and improving strength for year.. So to start off!. 1. We have dark chocolate. Chocolate is loaded with magnesium and antioxidants which help to increase nitric oxide levels.. A study on Pub Med conducted a 30 g/day consumption of dark chocolate among prehypertension subjects which concluded with increased nitric oxide serum levels and decreased systolic blood pressure after 15 days of treatment.. My recommendation is to opt out on the high-glycemic sweetened chocolates and instead look for zero glycemic sweetened chocolate. If you prefer, make your own chocolate easily in your kitchen. Heres a delicious recipe with the same taste as a Reeses peanut butter cup without the insulin spiking sugars: Lets move on ...
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) promoter CCTTT repeat polymorphism: relationship to in vivo nitric oxide production/NOS...Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) promoter CCTTT repeat polymorphism: relationship to in vivo nitric oxide production/NOS...
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) promoter CCTTT repeat polymorphism: relationship to in vivo nitric oxide production/NOS activity in an asymptomatic malaria-endemic population.
Nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves release nitric oxide in the canine ileocolonic junction, Belg. Soc. Fund. Clin. Physiol....Nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves release nitric oxide in the canine ileocolonic junction, Belg. Soc. Fund. Clin. Physiol....
Nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves release nitric oxide in the canine ileocolonic junction, Belg. Soc. Fund. Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol., Ghent, November 17, 1990 ...
Nitric oxide: An important articular free radical<...Nitric oxide: An important articular free radical<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Nitric oxide. T2 - An important articular free radical. AU - Murrell, George A C. AU - Dolan, Martin M.. AU - Jang, Daniel. AU - Szabo, Csaba. AU - Warren, Russell F.. AU - Hannafin, Jo A.. PY - 1996/2. Y1 - 1996/2. N2 - Nitric oxide is a small molecule that is synthesized by a family of enzymes, the nitric oxide synthases, and is overproduced in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis. The aim of this investigation was to elucidate the potential sources of nitric oxide in joint tissues and to determine if the production of nitric oxide could be inhibited by dexamethasone or methotrexate, two agents that inhibit other forms of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Methotrexate inhibits the synthesis of biopterin, which is a co- factor for nitric oxide synthase. Explants of human and bovine cartilage and cultured chondrocytes released large amounts of nitrite, the stable end product of nitric oxide, when stimulated with endotoxin, interleukin-1β, or tumor necrosis factorα. The ...
Nitric Oxide Therapy - Dan Hammer Health LTDNitric Oxide Therapy - Dan Hammer Health LTD
While we represent a product called ProArgi-9+, we still want to provide you with accurate information in the area of Nitric Oxide Therapy. As this emerging health supplement field continues to grow and expand, other companies have made claims about the effectiveness of their products. While there are some well developed formulations and valid pathways for the creation of nitric oxide, when we see information that is less than accurate well try to provide a balanced perspective so that you can make a decision that is best for you.. The L-Arginine Pathway versus The Nitrate/Nitrite Pathway for the Creation of Nitric Oxide. Here is one of the primary areas of dispute in the area of Nitric Oxide Therapy. Whether the L-Arginine Pathway or the Nitrate/Nitrite Pathway is a better pathway for the creation of nitric oxide. Both are valid pathways. And both have their inefficiencies.. The L-Arginine Pathway is short lived unless its combined with l-citrulline, which can extend the ability of the ...
Vital Health Inventions LLC. Announces The Hummmit A Humming Mask That Releases Nitric Oxide And Boosts Immunity - Share...Vital Health Inventions LLC. Announces "The Hummmit" A Humming Mask That Releases Nitric Oxide And Boosts Immunity - Share...
Vital Health Inventions LLC is proud to announce its product, "The Hummmit," a Humming device. For centuries, Tibetan monks have included humming and mantras into their meditation practices.. A 1999 study shows that humming helps release Nitric Oxide (NO), which has many health benefits for the body, especially in boosting immunity. Experts suggest that maybe the possible reason why the monks live a longer life in good health.. The Hummmit is even more relevant now because of COVID-19. By boosting the immune system, the device will help in prevention, giving the body the power to fight and resist the virus. The Humming Mask is a 100% drug-free over the counter (OTC) device.. Oxygen exchange is an essential aspect of human life, without which we won survive. In the past, the process required Carbon dioxide and O2 to complete. However, research shows that Nitric Oxide is a third gas that is also very relevant is completing the exchange and ensuring continuity in human existence.. With this ...
Learn About Nitric Oxide (NO) - Buy Nitric Oxide Supplements - Nutrition ExpressLearn About Nitric Oxide (NO) - Buy Nitric Oxide Supplements - Nutrition Express
Low prices on Nitric Oxide (NO)! Nitric oxide boosters pump up your workouts*. Nitric oxide, also known as NO or NO2, is the bodys primary vasodilator, relaxing and opening blood vessels within muscles to enhance blood flow. Nitric oxide can help deliver more nutrients and oxygen to muscle while removing more metabolic waste.* Bodybuilders often use nitric oxide as part of a complete nutritional regimen that includes protein powder and creatine. The nitric oxide boosters in this section incorporate known precursors like arginine, citrulline and L-norvaline.
Learn About Nitric Oxide (NO) - Buy Nitric Oxide Supplements - Nutrition ExpressLearn About Nitric Oxide (NO) - Buy Nitric Oxide Supplements - Nutrition Express
Low prices on Nitric Oxide (NO)! Nitric oxide boosters pump up your workouts*. Nitric oxide, also known as NO or NO2, is the bodys primary vasodilator, relaxing and opening blood vessels within muscles to enhance blood flow. Nitric oxide can help deliver more nutrients and oxygen to muscle while removing more metabolic waste.* Bodybuilders often use nitric oxide as part of a complete nutritional regimen that includes protein powder and creatine. The nitric oxide boosters in this section incorporate known precursors like arginine, citrulline and L-norvaline.
Measuring fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration in asthma - NIOX MINO, NIOX VERO and NObreath: diagnostics consultation...Measuring fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration in asthma - NIOX MINO, NIOX VERO and NObreath: diagnostics consultation...
Evidence-based recommendations on the NIOX MINO, NIOX VERO and Nobreath devices to measure fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration in asthma
A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Nitric Oxide Reduction in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock After a Heart Attack - Full...A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Nitric Oxide Reduction in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock After a Heart Attack - Full...
Tilarginine Acetate Injection is a new type of drug that temporarily stops the body from making a bodily substance called nitric oxide. The body may produce excess nitric oxide following severe heart damage leading to shock. During a heart attack, and especially after a blocked artery causing the heart attack is reopened, a large amount of nitric oxide is released into the heart muscle and into the blood. Normally small amounts of nitric oxide are good for the heart and blood vessels. However, when released in large amounts, such as during a heart attack, it may be harmful, by adding to the damage of the heart attack and lowering the hearts ability to pump blood to the body. It may cause blood pressure to be lowered and reduce the amount of blood flow to the bodys vital organs. This may interfere with the bodys organs being able to do their work. If Tilarginine Acetate Injection can stop extra nitric oxide from being made, the performance of the heart and blood flow to the organs may get ...
Top 10 Best Nitric Oxide Brands - HealthtrendsTop 10 Best Nitric Oxide Brands - Healthtrends
1. Nitric oxide can improve exercise recovery, endurance, and intensity. The number one reason why people take nitric oxide enhancing supplements is to improve their workout quality.. A number of studies have found that increasing nitric oxide can improve oxygen and nutrient delivery to the muscles, recovery from exercise, and tolerance to exercise intensity (8).. A 2008 study on postmenopausal women found that supplementing with l-arginine (a common nitric oxide boosting supplement) "increased maximal force in mechanographic analyses and may prevent a decline of muscle force in postmenopausal women" (9).. A study in the Chinese Journal of Physiology (2009) found that l-arginine supplementation led to an increase in glucose and insulin concentrations post workout (10).. Having elevated insulin levels can help improve muscle protein synthesis and therefore recovery from exercise.. The Journal of Applied Physiology looked into the effect of l-arginine on moderate and high-intensity exercise ...
Nitric Oxide Enhances Cardiovascular Health - Liquid GoldNitric Oxide Enhances Cardiovascular Health - Liquid Gold
Nitric oxide is produced by nearly every type of cell in the human body and is one of the most important molecules for cardiovascular health. It relaxes the inner muscles of your blood vessels, causing the vessels to widen. Supplements that relax artery walls are known as vasodilators. Vasodilators like nitric oxide increase blood flow and lower blood pressure. Today nitric oxide supplements make up one of the most popular supplement categories in cardiovascular health. However, these supplements dont contain nitric oxide itself. They contain compounds that your body can use to make nitric oxide. This has have been shown to provide many benefits for an individuals health and performance.. The two most common nitric oxide supplements on the market today are L-arginine and L-citrulline. Both of these are amino acids. If you remember from high school amino acids are the building blocks for life. Both l-arginine and l-citrulline are naturally found in red meat, dairy products, poultry, and fish. ...
4 Ways to Increase Nitric Oxide Naturally for a Better Workout, Sex, & Heart Health | Lyra Nara Blog4 Ways to Increase Nitric Oxide Naturally for a Better Workout, Sex, & Heart Health | Lyra Nara Blog
There are all kinds of supplements out there that claim to build muscle faster, with nitric oxide supplements gaining a lot of attention in particular. Mens fitness magazines are touting nitric oxide supplements as the way to lift heavier and even to prevent erectile dysfunction, and while clinical results are proving that nitric oxide is beneficial, most of these supplements arent the safest on the market. Thankfully, there are far safer and natural ways to boost nitric oxide for a better workout, sex, and heart health.. A gas naturally made by the body to aid in neurotransmission, blood vessel dilation, reduction of blood pressure, and yes, keeping the family jewels in working order, nitric oxide does provide numerous benefits. Without sufficient nitric oxide, we can feel fatigued and worn down. It has the ability to expand blood vessels for better blood flow, which means more oxygen can reach the brain, heart, and other important organs. You can go the supplement route, or you can just ...
Nitric Oxide Blog | Nitric Oxide BoosterNitric Oxide Blog | Nitric Oxide Booster
Acute injury or chronic circulation problems reduce perfusion, which in turn causes edema or swelling. This added accumulation of fluid pressurizes the nervous system thus causing pain. The swelling also exerts pressure on the capillaries tasked with the responsibility of providing oxygen to the nerves and tissues.. Nitric oxide boosts the arterial flow to the nerves as well as the venous drainage away from the nerves. This prevents any swelling from occurring because all the fluids are drained away from the injured or pressurized region.. According to medical research conducted over a decade ago, nitric oxide was shown to be the mediator of the analgesic effect of morphine and other opioids. The morphine burns to a receptor in the nerve cell and initiates a release of nitric oxide. This causes a diminution in pain which is mediated by cGMP. Therefore, raising the levels of nitric oxide can fight off pain.. The impact of nitric oxide as a reliever of pain is strongly felt in diabetic patients. ...
Therapeutic Effects of Nitric Oxide Inhibition during Experimental Fecal Peritonitis: Role of Interleukin-10 and Monocyte...Therapeutic Effects of Nitric Oxide Inhibition during Experimental Fecal Peritonitis: Role of Interleukin-10 and Monocyte...
Enhanced nitric oxide production by macrophages and neutrophils is a critical defense mechanism against many forms of fungal and bacterial infection and tumorogenesis (16). However, the excessive production of nitric oxide by immune cells and nonimmune cells such as endothelial, epithelial, and smooth muscle cells can also lead to tissue damage, as demonstrated by the protective effects of NOS inhibitors in many inflammatory and autoimmune disease models (15). The role of nitric oxide in sepsis has been hotly contested, since pharmacological manipulation of nitric oxide synthesis in septic patients has been shown to be both deleterious and beneficial (11, 19, 23). The deleterious effects of NOS inhibition are related in part to the inability of NOS substrate inhibitors to discriminate between the constitutive and inducible isoforms of NOS, whereas the beneficial effects of these compounds have been attributed to the ability of NOS inhibitors to restore normal cardiovascular function in septic ...
The distribution and expression of the nitric oxide system during renal ageing and the effect of sex steroid modulation -...The distribution and expression of the nitric oxide system during renal ageing and the effect of sex steroid modulation -...
The protective effect of female sex in renal ageing and cardiovascular function is widely accepted, but poorly understood. Previous evidence has suggested a role for the nitric oxide and renin-angiotensin systems, though the precise mechanisms by which they elicit these effects remain elusive. Female animals and humans have increased nitric oxide bioavailability with age in comparison to males, and this effect can be negated by ovariectomy surgery, suggesting an interaction between ovarian steroids and nitric oxide. In addition, studies have shown an upregulation of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in aged females in comparison with males. Whilst incompletely understood, the AT2R is known to mediate vasodilation, nitric oxide release, and can be modulated by oestrogen. Work in this laboratory has shown that the expression of AT2R, renal ageing, and blood pressure may all be sensitive to the nutritional environment encountered during foetal development ...
Atherosclerosis, Vascular Remodeling, and Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Genetically Altered Hyperlipidemic...Atherosclerosis, Vascular Remodeling, and Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Genetically Altered Hyperlipidemic...
There have been few studies that have examined endothelium-dependent relaxation of mouse vessels in vitro. In normal mice, we found that acetylcholine produced relaxation that was markedly attenuated by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NNA. Thus, relaxation of the normal mouse aorta in response to acetylcholine is mediated in large part by nitric oxide.. Mechanisms that produce impaired endothelial function in atherosclerosis are not completely clear. One possibility is that smaller quantities of nitric oxide are produced by atherosclerotic vessels in response to endothelium-dependent stimuli. This seems unlikely, because levels of mRNA and protein for the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS III) and the production of nitric oxide in the atherosclerotic rabbit aorta appear to be increased rather than decreased.25 26 We found that vasorelaxation in response to both acetylcholine and A23187 was impaired in the proximal aortas of apoE/LDL receptor-deficient mice, which contained ...
Patent US5603820 - Nitric oxide sensor - Google PatentsPatent US5603820 - Nitric oxide sensor - Google Patents
An electrode sensor which may be used to specifically and quantitatively measure nitric oxide is provided, as well as a method of preparing and using such an electrode sensor to measure nitric oxide concentration in solution. A nitric oxide (NO) microsensor based on catalytic oxidation of NO comprises a thermally-sharpened carbon fiber with a tip diameter of about 0.5-0.7 μm coated with several layers of p-type semiconducting polymeric porphyrin and cationic exchanger deposited thereon. The microsensor, which can be operated in either the amperometric, voltammetric or coulometric mode utilizing a two or three electrode system, is characterized by a linear response up to about 300 μM, a response time better than 10 msec and a detection limit of about 10 nM. The sensor of the present invention also discriminates against nitrite, the most problematic interferant in NO measurements. The amount of NO released from a single cell can thus be selectively measured in situ by a porphyrinic microsensor of the
The Positive And Negative Ways Nitric Oxide Can Affect Users - An online site of mobile phone price, latest mobile phone news.The Positive And Negative Ways Nitric Oxide Can Affect Users - An online site of mobile phone price, latest mobile phone news.
Due to its popularity, hundreds of thousands of people have started consuming nitric oxide supplements. Like most supplements, a number of nutritionists have promoted and stood behind it because of its many benefits. However, just like with anything, there are both positive and negative nitric oxide side effects. The following are just a couple of effects that all users should know.. Nitric oxide has the ability to promote more endurance and energy by helping a users muscles. People often fail to realize how much their bodies depend on the oxygen they breathe. Your muscles need oxygen in order to repair themselves after being worked extensively. Nitric oxide helps with the delivery of oxygen to the muscles by allowing certain muscles to relax. These relaxed muscles allow blood to flow more easily to your tissues so that oxygen can be delivered.. By increasing a persons energy and endurance theyll be less likely to experience fatigue during and after a workout. Its not uncommon for athletes ...
nitric oxide lozengesnitric oxide lozenges
The maximum dose is two Neo40 Daily lozenges. Ingredients. Nitrates produce Nitric Oxide in the body which acts as an antimicrobial, promotes skin health, modulates the inflammatory response, and promotes wound healing, among other benefits. I bought this supplement along with test strips. CircO2 Nitric Oxide comes as a lozenge, which is convenient to take on the go. Nitric oxide does more than relax muscles around the blood vessels. Unfortunately, because I have low blood pressure, these lozenges made me feel a little too energized. Our Nitric Oxide Capsules are a pre-workout supplement in a convenient capsule form. We are providing a 90 day 100% money back guarantee, so you can feel confident that Nitric Oxide Premium™ will work for you. Ingredients of CircO2 . Die kritische Temperatur für NO beträgt −93 °C und der kritische Druck liegt bei 6,4 MPa. I buy off Amazon a brand neo40. As the lozenge dissolves on your tongue, nitric oxide is produced almost instantly. The lozenge delivery ...
Download Nitric Oxide: Methods And ProtocolsDownload Nitric Oxide: Methods And Protocols
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QuantiChrom Nitric Oxide Assay Kit best suppliers/vendors - LabshakeQuantiChrom Nitric Oxide Assay Kit best suppliers/vendors - Labshake
QuantiChrom Nitric Oxide Assay Kit best suppliers; QuantiChrom Nitric Oxide Assay Kit best sources; QuantiChrom Nitric Oxide Assay Kit best vendors; QuantiChrom Nitric Oxide Assay Kit protocol; QuantiChrom Nitric Oxide Assay Kit citations; QuantiChrom Nitric Oxide Assay Kit publications; QuantiChrom Nitric Oxide Assay Kit papers - Labshake
SMART3G-D3 Detectors Dust-Proof with LCD: Nitric Oxide Gas Detector - Dust Proof Enclosure Version S2176NOSMART3G-D3 Detectors Dust-Proof with LCD: Nitric Oxide Gas Detector - Dust Proof Enclosure Version S2176NO
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inhaled nitric oxide mechanism of actioninhaled nitric oxide mechanism of action
Viral Infection in the Development and Progression of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Buckley MS, Agarwal SK, Garcia-Orr R, Saggar R, MacLaren R. J Intensive Care Med. INOmax is Nature 1987; 327: 524-6, Ignarro LJ, Buga GM, Wood KS, Byrns RE, Chaudhuri G: Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. The number of adult patients in these reviews are far greater than the number of pediatric patients, which makes it difficult to interpret the data regarding the role of iNO on the pediatric population. [1:57] There, inhaled nitric oxide activates transduction pathways, [2:00] relaxing the smooth muscle cells, [2:07] which results in selective and local vasodilation of the pulmonary vasculature. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 624-9, Rimar S, Gillis CN: Selective pulmonary vasodilation by inhaled nitric oxide is due to hemoglobin inactivation. Crit Care Med (2014) 42(2):404-12.10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182a27909 J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 108: ...
The Sun, Skin, and Nitric Oxide | Doc Edwards Health & FitnessThe Sun, Skin, and Nitric Oxide | Doc Edwards Health & Fitness
Nitric Oxide, or NO is an incredibly simple molecule, a nitrogen and an oxygen that are stuck together with 2 bonds. NO is very important for many things, most importantly it lowers blood pressure. Healthy human skin tissue contains significant quantities of nitrite. Stores of nitrites can be turned into nitric oxide. Every cell type in human skin is able to produce nitric oxide by several mechanisms. Dietary nitrate represents an important source of cutaneous nitric oxide. Green leafy vegetables, beetroots, lettuce have a lot of these nitrites. Also carnivorous sources of arginine result in stores of nitric oxide; turkey, pork and chicken are good sources. Supplements such as arginine and citrulline may also be sources of dietary nitrate.. Nature has a reason for everything it does. Sunlight exposure increases skin production of nitric oxide, which can dilate the 60,000 miles of blood vessels we have in our body, and improve blood flow. Ultraviolet light from the sun, specifically UVA, is what ...
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The effect of risk elements in soil to nitric oxide metabolism in tobacco plants - PDFThe effect of risk elements in soil to nitric oxide metabolism in tobacco plants - PDF
The effect of risk elements in soil to nitric oxide metabolism in tobacco plants D. Procházková 1, D. Haisel 1, D. Pavlíková 2, R. Schnablová 1, J. Száková 2, R. Vytášek 3, N. Wilhelmová 1 1 Institute
Nitric oxide Functions | Oxides: Interesting FactsNitric oxide Functions | Oxides: Interesting Facts
Nitric oxide is a gas. It is highly reactive; that is, it participates in many chemical reactions. (It is one of the nitrogen oxides ( NOx ) in automobile exhaust and plays a major role in the formation...
Differential sensitivity of basal and acetylcholine-induced activity of nitric oxide to blockade by asymmetric dimethylarginine...Differential sensitivity of basal and acetylcholine-induced activity of nitric oxide to blockade by asymmetric dimethylarginine...
Background and purpose: Previous work has shown that NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) paradoxically inhibits basal, but not ACh-stimulated activity of nitric oxide in rat aorta. The aim of this study was to determine if the endogenously produced agent, asymmetric NG, NG-dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA), also exhibits this unusual selective blocking action. Experimental approach: The effect of ADMA on basal nitric oxide activity was assessed by examining its ability to enhance phenylephrine (PE)-induced tone in endothelium-containing rings. Its effect on ACh-induced relaxation was assessed both in conditions where ADMA greatly enhanced PE tone and where tone was carefully matched with control tissues at a range of different levels. Key results: ADMA (100 µM) potentiated PE-induced contraction, consistent with inhibition of basal nitric oxide activity. Higher concentrations (300-1000 µM) had no greater effect. Although ADMA (100 µM) also appeared to block ACh-induced relaxation when it enhanced PE ...
Maxs Vaso-D Nitric Oxide Boosting Formula - THE PROTEIN SHACKMax's Vaso-D Nitric Oxide Boosting Formula - THE PROTEIN SHACK
VASO-D is an advanced pre workout energy complex designed to increase Nitric Oxide production and promote blood flow to the working muscles. The addition of lactic acid buffers and an endurance complex makes it the perfect formula to get you pushing out those extra reps. Maximise Nitric Oxide Increase blood flow and p
Zn<sup>2+</sup> inhibits nitric oxide formation in response to lipopolysaccharides: Implication in its anti-inflammatory...Zn<sup>2+</sup> inhibits nitric oxide formation in response to lipopolysaccharides: Implication in its anti-inflammatory...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Zn2+ inhibits nitric oxide formation in response to lipopolysaccharides. T2 - Implication in its anti-inflammatory activity. AU - Abou-Mohamed, Gamal. AU - Papapetropoulos, Andreas. AU - D. Catravas, John. AU - Caldwell, Robert W.. PY - 1998/1/12. Y1 - 1998/1/12. N2 - There is compelling evidence to indicate an anti-inflammatory action of Zn2+. Most inflammatory diseases are associated with an increase of the inducible form of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Additionally, inflammatory mediators such as histamine or bradykinin stimulate the constitutive NO synthase. Thus, the present study was undertaken to investigate whether Zn2+ inhibits production of inducible NO synthase and/or constitutive NO synthase activity to produce NO. Lipopolysaccharide, 5 mg/kg i.v., administered to Zn2+-deficient (ZD) rats, rats supplemented with Zn2+ sulfate (ZG), 10 mg/kg s.c., or controls resulted in a significant reduction of their serum Zn2+. The levels of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L- ...
nitric oxide hormone functionnitric oxide hormone function
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, unstable gas which is synthesized by a number of isoforms of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), all of which are related to the cytochrome P 450 family but which have diverged from a speculated common precursor in the distant past (MONCADA et al. 2001). seemingly plain and unassuming nitric oxide. 1992 Sep; 6 (12):3051-3064. It regulates blood flow, energy metabolism, brain function, immunity, and hormone production. NO is synthesized from the amino acid l -arginine by NO synthase (NOS) and is involved in a myriad of cellular functions, including muscle relaxation, neuronal signaling, and immune function. Nitric oxide causes blood vessels to open wider for improved blood flow. )�!n3gut�M�h ?��G�HB]��H��r���6� @1>g��>י��~����\��c��6�;���ɓhtB�Id3��4�f��"��Mm�{6�;�;��;@KEC9��P���\tDEG�2��(��� b 1HF ��*� It is not to be confused with nitrous ...
Nitric oxide functions as an inhibitor of platelet adhesion under flow conditions. | CirculationNitric oxide functions as an inhibitor of platelet adhesion under flow conditions. | Circulation
METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of endothelium-derived NO was studied by the addition of specific inhibitors of NO production, L-N-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) and N-iminoethyl-L-ornithine (L-NIO), to a perfusion system in which both endothelial cells and their matrices were present. A concentration-dependent increase in platelet adhesion to the matrix was found with a maximum inhibition at a concentration of 2 mM L-NMMA and 0.1 mM L-NIO. The effect was dependent on the presence of endothelial cells, because no increase in platelet adhesion was observed in their absence. The effect of exogenous NO was tested in a specially devised perfusion system in which the NO was introduced at the site of adhesion by means of a porous membrane on which an extracellular matrix of endothelial cells was present. Inhibition of platelet adhesion by NO was found at all shear rates tested and after all perfusion periods. ...
INOmax, Genosyl (nitric oxide gas) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and moreINOmax, Genosyl (nitric oxide gas) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
Medscape - Neonatal respiratory failure dosing for INOmax, Genosyl (nitric oxide gas), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & lactation schedules, and cost information.
The antidiabetic effect of L-carnitine in rats: the role of nitric oxide system - Kashan University of Medical Sciences...The antidiabetic effect of L-carnitine in rats: the role of nitric oxide system - Kashan University of Medical Sciences...
Background: Nowadays, the use of L-carnitine in the treatment of diabetes is increasing. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of co-administration of L-arginine (precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide) and nitro-L-arginine (nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor) on antidiabetic activity of L-carnitine in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 50 male rats weighing 180-201g were divided into five groups: (1) non diabetic control rats; (2) untreated diabetic rats; (3) diabetic rats treated with L-carnitine 300 mg/kg (4); diabetic rats treated with L-carnitine 300 mg/kg + L-arginine 300 mg/kg; and (5) diabetic rats treated with L-carnitine (300 mg/kg) + nitro-L-arginine (1mg/kg). Type 1 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 110 mg/kg body weight alloxan. After 30 days, liver malondialdehyde levels, lipid profile, serum glucose, and glycated hemoglobin serum levels were measured. Results: Blood glucose, liver enzymes, glycated hemoglobin, and liver ...
Lirias: Effects of endogenous nitric oxide on pulmonary vascular tone in intact dogsLirias: Effects of endogenous nitric oxide on pulmonary vascular tone in intact dogs
The interaction between inspiratory fraction of O2 (FIO2) and endogenous nitric oxide (NO) regulation of pulmonary vascular tone was examined in intact anesthetized dogs. Stimulus (FIO2 of 1, 0.4, 0.21, 0.12, and 0.1)-response (changes in pulmonary artery pressure minus pulmonary artery occlusion pressure) curves were constructed with cardiac output kept constant (by opening a femoral arteriovenous bypass or inflating an inferior vena cava balloon catheter), before and after administration of compounds acting at different levels of the L-arginine-NO pathway, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 10 mg/kg iv, n = 16), a NO synthase inhibitor, and methylene blue (8 mg/kg iv, n = 16), a guanylate cyclase inhibitor. L-NNA and methylene blue did not influence pulmonary vascular tone in hyperoxic and in normoxic conditions, but they increased it during hypoxia, thus enhancing the vasopressor response to hypoxia (from 4.5 +/- 0.9 to 10.4 +/- 1.2 mmHg and from 4.2 +/- 0.8 to 9 +/- 1.5 mmHg, respectively, both P , ...
Increased VO2max does not influence nitric oxide availability or the response to a nitrate dose - StrathprintsIncreased VO2max does not influence nitric oxide availability or the response to a nitrate dose - Strathprints
Dietary nitrate (NIT) supplementation increases nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and may improve exercise performance. However, NIT supplementation seems to be less efficacious in highly trained athletes. Despite this, no study has directly investigated the effects of a change in aerobic capacity (VO2max) on baseline plasma NO metabolites or the response to a NIT dose within the same cohort.PURPOSE: To determine whether an increase in VO2max influences plasma nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-) or the plasma NO2- response to an acute NIT dose.METHODS: Twenty seven untrained males were assessed for baseline measures of plasma NO3- and NO2- and for determination of VO2max. In a separate trial, the change in plasma NO2- following ingestion of two NIT gels (?8.1 mmol NIT) was measured. Participants were subsequently assigned to either 3-weeks sprint interval training (SIT; n=19) three times per week or a control condition (CON; n=8). SIT consisted of 4-6 repeated 15 s all out sprints on a cycle ergometer, ...
The Role of Nitric Oxide and Endothelial Cells | The BBQ ButcherThe Role of Nitric Oxide and Endothelial Cells | The BBQ Butcher
All of our blood vessels have a single protective layer of endothelial cells that manufacture the gas nitric oxide. Nitric oxide gas "keeps our blood flowing smoothly, it is the strongest dilator (widener), of our blood vessels, it inhibits the formation of blockages (plaques), and t inhibits inflammation. Every western meal of processed vegetable oils, dairy products, and meat (including chicken and fish) injures these endothelial cells. As individuals consume theses damaging products throughout their lives, they have fewer functioning endothelial cells remaining and thus less of the protective nitric oxide. Without enough nitric oxide the plaque blockages build up and grow creating eventually heart disease and strokes ...
Endothelial nitric oxide in the brain - Stock Image C025/3295 - Science Photo LibraryEndothelial nitric oxide in the brain - Stock Image C025/3295 - Science Photo Library
Endothelial nitric oxide in the brain. Computer generated image showing endothelial nitric oxide (red) in brain tissue. Endothelial nitric oxide is generated by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme, which is involved in regulating vascular tone by inhibiting smooth muscle contraction and platelet aggregation. Magnification: x800, when printed 10 cm wide. - Stock Image C025/3295
Grant Abstract: Nitric Oxide Inhibitor and Leihmania PathogenesisGrant Abstract: Nitric Oxide Inhibitor and Leihmania Pathogenesis
Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a disease common in tropical and sub-tropical countries, including India. Current studies suggest that nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite are crucial for elimination of the Leishmania parasites. Rural populations in India use turmeric abundantly in their daily life: as a spice, as a component of cosmetics, as an anti-inflammatory agent and other medications, and as a household topical remedy for minor injuries including insect bites. However, one of the major active principles in turmeric is curcumin, an inhibitor of nitric oxide production and a scavenger of nitric oxide and superoxide anions. Our laboratory has found that curcumin inhibits the gene expression of inducible oxide synthase (iNOS) in vitro and in vivo in a bacterial lipopolysaccharide induction system. It also inhibits the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB and the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta, molecules that play roles in regulating iNOS gene ...
Cytokine-induced nitric oxide production inhibits mitochondrial energy production and impairs contractile function in rat...Cytokine-induced nitric oxide production inhibits mitochondrial energy production and impairs contractile function in rat...
Endogenously or exogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) can cause negative inotropic effects in the cardiovascular system (1-5). Consequently, a great deal of attention is being focused currently on conditions that expose the heart to elevated concentrations of NO. In examining the causes of inflammation-induced myocardial injury, it has been observed recently that the proinflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α can increase NO synthesis by elevating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (6), causing a sustained depression in myocardial contractility (3,4,7), as well as protracted hypotension during septic shock (8). However, despite this recent elucidation of the conditions that promote NO production in the inflamed heart, mechanisms of the NO-induced injurious effects remain poorly understood.. Two potential mechanisms of NO damage are currently favored. The first invokes an indirect mode of injury in which the ...
Plasma nitric oxide metabolite levels are decreased in pre-eclamptic women complicated with fetal distress<...Plasma nitric oxide metabolite levels are decreased in pre-eclamptic women complicated with fetal distress<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Plasma nitric oxide metabolite levels are decreased in pre-eclamptic women complicated with fetal distress. AU - Nanno, H.. AU - Sagawa, N.. AU - Itoh, H.. AU - Matsumoto, T.. AU - Terakawa, K.. AU - Mise, H.. AU - Okumura, K. K.. AU - Mori, T.. AU - Itoh, Hiroshi. AU - Nakao, K.. PY - 1998/4. Y1 - 1998/4. N2 - To investigate the possible role of impairment of the maternal vascular nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase system in the maintenance of placental oxygen supply to the fetus in pre-eclampsia, maternal plasma levels of nitric oxide metabolites (nitrate and nitrite, i.e. NOx), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate (cGMP) were measured using Griess reagent, specific immunoradiometric assays (IRMA) and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA), respectively. The subjects were ten normal non-pregnant women, and 91 normal pregnant women, nine pre-eclamptic women without fetal distress and six pre-eclamptic ...
Lipopolysaccharide induces nitric oxide synthase expression and platelet-activating factor increases nitric oxide production in...Lipopolysaccharide induces nitric oxide synthase expression and platelet-activating factor increases nitric oxide production in...
Platelet-activating factor and nitric oxide may be involved in the initiation of human labour as inflammatory mediators. The aim of this study was to test whether platelet-activating factor and lipopolysaccharide were able to induce nitric oxide synthase expression and stimulate the production of nitric oxide in human fetal membrane explants in culture. Fetal membranes were collected from Caesarean sections at term. RNA was extracted from membranes and subjected to a qualitative RT-PCR to assess the baseline expression of iNOS. Discs of fetal membranes were cultured for 24 hours in the presence of platelet-activating factor at a dose range of 0.1 nanomolar - 1 micomolar or 1 microgram/ml lipopolysaccharide. Nitric oxide production was measured via nitrite ions in the culture medium and mRNA for iNOS was detected by RT-PCR. Culturing the membrane discs in medium containing serum induced nitric oxide synthase expression and platelet-activating factor significantly stimulated the production of ...
Cervical nitric oxide metabolite levels and clinical variables as predictive factors of high-grade cervical intraepithelial...Cervical nitric oxide metabolite levels and clinical variables as predictive factors of high-grade cervical intraepithelial...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cervical nitric oxide metabolite levels and clinical variables as predictive factors of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AU - Giannella, Luca. AU - Prandi, Sonia. AU - Giulini, Simone. AU - Mfuta, Kabala. AU - Torrini, Barbara. AU - Boselli, Fausto. PY - 2013/11. Y1 - 2013/11. N2 - Purpose: To create a prediction model of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) based on clinical variables and the cervical nitric oxide metabolite (NOx) levels of study participants. Methods: This comparative study included 694 women undergoing colposcopy due to abnormal pap smear results. On the basis of the cervical biopsy results, the women were divided into the ≤CIN 1 or CIN 2-3 group. The two groups were compared in terms of cervical NOx levels and clinical variables. Univariate, multivariate, and receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis were performed. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that CIN 2-3 associated with more than two cervical biopsies [odds ...
Effects of acute and chronic stress on the L-arginine nitric oxide pathway in black and white South Africans: The sympathetic...Effects of acute and chronic stress on the L-arginine nitric oxide pathway in black and white South Africans: The sympathetic...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of acute and chronic stress on the L-arginine nitric oxide pathway in black and white South Africans. T2 - The sympathetic activity and ambulatory blood pressure in Africans study. AU - Reimann, Manja. AU - Hamer, Mark. AU - Malan, Nicolaas T.. AU - Schlaich, Markus P.. AU - Lambert, Gavin W.. AU - Ziemssen, Tjalf. AU - Boeger, Rainer H.. AU - Malan, Leoné. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - Objective: This study investigated the impact of stress on effectors of the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) system including the endogenous inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Methods: Black (n = 168) and white (n = 206) South African teachers were exposed to a mental and a physical stressor for 1 minute, respectively. Serum samples for determination of L-arginine, NO metabolites, ADMA, and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) were obtained at rest and during stress exposure. Perception of task stressfulness was assessed on a 7-point Likert scale, and psychological distress was estimated ...
Nitric oxide donor drugs: current status and future trends<...Nitric oxide donor drugs: current status and future trends<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Nitric oxide donor drugs. T2 - current status and future trends. AU - Megson, Ian L. AU - Webb, David J. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - Nitric oxide synthesised in endothelial cells that line blood vessels has a wide range of functions that are vital for maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system. Reduced nitric oxide availability is implicated in the initiation and progression of many cardiovascular diseases and delivery of supplementary nitric oxide to help prevent disease progression is an attractive therapeutic option. Nitric oxide donor drugs represent a useful means of systemic nitric oxide delivery and organic nitrates have been used for many years as effective therapies for symptomatic relief from angina. However, nitrates have limitations and a number of alternative nitric oxide donor classes have emerged since the discovery that nitric oxide is a crucial biological mediator. This review focuses on novel advances and possible future directions in nitric oxide donor drug ...
Sildenafil nitric oxide synthase - Viagra online canadian pharmacySildenafil nitric oxide synthase - Viagra online canadian pharmacy
Looking for online definition of Nitrogen monoxide in the Medical. peripheral nerves by a constitutive nitric oxide synthase,. (see SILDENAFIL). nitric oxide.Background Inhaled nitric oxide improves gas exchange in neonates, but the efficacy of low-dose inhaled nitric oxide in reducing the need for extracorporeal membrane.The inhalation of nitric oxide. Saleh D. Reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in. et al. Hemodynamic response to sildenafil, nitric oxide,.PubMed comprises more than 26 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books.Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension With Sildenafil:. of sildenafil.. The Internet Journal of Pulmonary Medicine. 2005 Volume 6 Number 1. Abstract.Endothelial Dysfunction in the Human Umbilical Artery due to Preeclampsia.Top online canadia pharmacy - cialis, viagra, propecia, diflucan and other tablets.When you feel fatigued in the gym, do you think of taking a nitric oxide ...
Nitric oxide synthase activity is increased in relation to the severity of liver dysfunction | Clinical ScienceNitric oxide synthase activity is increased in relation to the severity of liver dysfunction | Clinical Science
1.Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator which plays a major role in the control of blood pressure. The hyperdynamic circulation of cirrhosis has been linked to nitric oxide.. 2.We measured neutrophil nitric oxide synthase activity in relation to the level of hepatic dysfunction in patients with liver disease of varying aetiology and severity.. 3.Neutrophils were isolated from 21 patients (7 Child-Pugh score A, 6 grade B and 8 grade C) aged 28-76 (median 49) years. Nitric oxide synthase activity was measured using the conversion of oxyhaemoglobin to methaemoglobin by nitric oxide and expressed in terms of cell protein. Blood pressure and biochemical indices were recorded. Data were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U-test or Pearson correlation as appropriate.. 4.Systolic, mean arterial and diastolic blood pressures decreased with increasing hepatic damage (P = 0.031, P = 0.01 and P = 0.038 respectively). Nitric oxide synthase activity increased with the ...
AB0506 Study of Serum Nitric Oxide Level in Patients with Lupus Nephritis and Its Relation to Disease Activity | Annals of the...AB0506 Study of Serum Nitric Oxide Level in Patients with Lupus Nephritis and Its Relation to Disease Activity | Annals of the...
Methods The study was conducted on:. - Group I (A): 20 SLE patients without clinically apparent renal disease.. - Group I (B): 20 SLE patients with lupus nephritis.. Besides: 10 of age and sex matched healthy subjects were taken as control group. All patients were subjected to: detailed history taking and complete physical SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and SLE disease damage index (SLEDDI) were applied for every lupus patient of the studied groups Laboratory investigations done for the studied group of patients included:. - C3, C4, antinuclear antibodies (ANA) titre, antidouble stranded DNA antibodies (anti-ds DNA) titre, and serum Nitric Oxide.. Renal biopsy in all the 20 cases with renal involvement were obtained - after an informed consent, and classified according to the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) 2003, and was correlated with the serum level of NO.. ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20024598 - Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide...NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20024598 - Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide...
Exposure of mice to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) increases nitric oxide (NO) production, which is proposed to play a role in the resulting pulmonary damage and inflammation. To determine the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-induced NO in this lung reaction, the responses of inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS KO) versus C57BL/6J wild-type (WT)
Fluorescent Detection of Intracellular Nitric Oxide in ...Fluorescent Detection of Intracellular Nitric Oxide in ...
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a highly-reactive radical gas that can modify a variety of cellular targets in both eukaryotes and bacteria. NO is produced endogenously by a wide variety of organisms: For example, as a cell-signaling molecule in mammals and bacteria via nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, and as a product of denitrification. As such, it is of great benefit to NO researchers to be able to sensitively detect intracellular NO and stable reactive nitrogen species (RNS) derived from NO. To this end, a protocol for fluorescent detection of intracellular NO/RNS in biofilm cultures of the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus has been optimized using the commercially-available cell-permeable fluorescent stain 4-Amino-5-Methylamino-2,7-Difluorofluorescein Diacetate (DAF-FM diacetate). This compound diffuses into cells and intracellular cleavage by esterase enzymes liberates weakly-fluorescent DAF-FM, which reacts with NO or other specific RNS to become highly fluorescent (Kojima et al., 1999).
Inhaled nitric oxide may help sickle cell disease - RedorbitInhaled nitric oxide may help sickle cell disease - Redorbit
Inhaling a small dose of nitric oxide gas may one day help sickle cell patients avoid pain crises and live healthier lives, researchers say.. Nitric oxide may help normalize a sickle cell patients hemoglobin by restoring the natural charge and shape to the oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells, Medical College of Georgia researchers have found.. "Hemoglobin S plus nitric oxide behaves much like normal adult hemoglobin, which does not sickle," says Dr. C. Alvin Head, chair of the Medical College of Georgia Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine.. In fact, their test-tube studies of human hemoglobin show nitric oxide not only prevents unhealthy clustering of hemoglobin S molecules but can melt existing polymers, leaving more hemoglobin free to do its job of oxygen delivery to the body.. Inhaling the short-acting gas naturally found on hemoglobin allows low concentrations to come in close contact with red blood cells and essentially turns the lungs into a hemoglobin repair ...
Cardio-911 Heart Health - Nitric Oxide Product - Supplements ShopCardio-911 Heart Health - Nitric Oxide Product - Supplements Shop
Cardio-911 Nitric Oxide Product 16.82 oz Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that plays many key roles in the cardiovascular system. NO maintains vascular integrity by inhibiting platelet aggregation, leukocyteendothelium adhesion and vascular smooth muscle proliferation.Other Ingredients: Monk Fruit, Xylitol, Stevia All natural flavors, colors, and sweeteners Cardio-911 Nitric Oxide. 30 servings 16.82 ounces Nitric Oxide Formula L-Arginine 5000 mg & L-Citrulline 1000 mg: Studies show that L-Citrulline and L-Arginine increases Nitric Oxide production for cardiovascular, and sexual health benefits for both men and women! Co Q10 100 mg: Known as coenzyme Q-10 has been used for treating heart and blood vessel conditions such as congestive heart failure (CHF), chest pain (angina), high blood pressure.. ...
Hydrogen Sulfide Improves Intestinal Recovery Following Ischemia by Endothelial Nitric Oxide Dependent Mechanisms |...Hydrogen Sulfide Improves Intestinal Recovery Following Ischemia by Endothelial Nitric Oxide Dependent Mechanisms |...
Purpose: Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter that has vasodilatory properties. It may be a novel therapy for intestinal I/R. We hypothesized that: 1) H2S would improve post-ischemic survival, mesenteric perfusion, mucosal injury, and inflammation compared to vehicle, and 2) the benefits of H2S would be mediated through endothelial nitric oxide. Methods: C57Bl6J wild type (WT) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase knock out (eNOS KO) mice were anesthetized and a midline laparotomy performed. Intestines were eviscerated, the small bowel mesenteric root identified, and baseline intestinal perfusion determined using Laser Doppler. Intestinal ischemia was established by temporarily occluding the superior mesenteric artery. Following ischemia, the clamp was removed and the intestines were allowed to recover. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) in 250µl of PBS or the vehicle was injected into the peritoneum. Animals were allowed to recover and were assessed for survival, mesenteric ...
Nitric OxideNitric Oxide
In 1986 it was shown that Nitric Oxide causes vasodilation -- this appears to be why Nitroglycerin can alleviate cardiac angina, and why the "side effects" can include headaches. Nitric Oxide is also the transmitter that results in engorgement of the sexual organs -- the drug Viagra has its effect on the second messenger, cyclic GMP, but other treatments for impotency involve delivery of NO. Some recent work has indicated that Nitric Oxide can be carried on molecules of Hemoglobin -- specifically the relaxed form, oxyhemoglobin, can form S-Nitrosohemoglobin by reaction with beta-Cys-93. The article by Stamler et al. was published in Science, v. 276, pages 2034-2037, the June 27, 1997 issue. It is titled "Blood Flow Regulation by S-Nitrosohemoglobin in the Physiological Oxygen Gradient." The Nobel Prize announcement gives a good overview of NO activity and the history of its discovery. And the Nitric Oxide Home Page, while a little daunting, is a good clearing house for information about NO. ...
Iron in the structure of Crystal Structure of Nitrophorin 4 From Rhodnius Prolixus Complexed With Nitric Oxide At 1.08 A...Iron in the structure of Crystal Structure of Nitrophorin 4 From Rhodnius Prolixus Complexed With Nitric Oxide At 1.08 A...
Mono- and Stereopictres of 5.0 Angstrom coordination sphere of Iron atom in PDB 1koi: Crystal Structure of Nitrophorin 4 From Rhodnius Prolixus Complexed With Nitric Oxide At 1.08 A Resolution
Behavioral role for nitric oxide in chemosensory activation of feeding in a mollusc | Journal of NeuroscienceBehavioral role for nitric oxide in chemosensory activation of feeding in a mollusc | Journal of Neuroscience
A role for the NO-cGMP pathway in mediating chemosensory activation of feeding is suggested by intense NADPH diaphorase staining observed in nerve fibers that project from sensory cells in the lips to the CNS and by the presence in the CNS of a NO-activated guanylyl cyclase. In preparations reduced to isolated lips and CNS, intracellular recordings were made from motoneurons driven by the interneurons of the central pattern generator (CPG) for feeding. Fictive feeding in such preparations can be recorded from these motoneurons following the application of sucrose to the lips. Sucrose activation of fictive feeding is inhibited by the NO scavenger hemoglobin, the NO synthase inhibitor N omega-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) and by methylene blue, an inhibitor of guanylyl cyclase. Fictive feeding in isolated lip-CNS preparations can be activated without sucrose by superfusion of NO donor molecules such as SNAP and hydroxylamine and by the nonhydrolyzable analog of cGMP, 8-bromo-cGMP. The ...
Activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway contributes to inflammation-induced osteoporosis by suppressing bone...Activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway contributes to inflammation-induced osteoporosis by suppressing bone...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway contributes to inflammation-induced osteoporosis by suppressing bone formation and causing osteoblast apoptosis. AU - Armour, K. J.. AU - Armour, K. E.. AU - Van T Hof, Robert Jurgen. AU - Reid, David M. AU - Wei, X.. AU - Liew, F. Y.. AU - Ralston, S. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - Objective. Osteoporosis is a major clinical problem in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanism of bone loss in this condition remains unclear, but previous studies have indicated that depressed bone formation plays a causal role. Since cytokine-induced nitric oxide (NO) production has been shown to inhibit osteoblast growth and differentiation in vitro, this study was undertaken to investigate the role of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) pathway in the pathogenesis of inflammation-mediated osteoporosis (IMO) by studying mice with targeted inactivation of the iNOS gene (iNOS knockout [iNOS KO] mice).Methods. IMO was ...
The Causal Relation of Nasal Nitric Oxide Levels to the Severity of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Inflammatory Phenotype -...The Causal Relation of Nasal Nitric Oxide Levels to the Severity of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Inflammatory Phenotype -...
Nitric oxide (NO) reflects changes in inflammatory state of the airways. In pulmonology fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration (FeNO) has been linked to eosinophilic asthma and is used to guide overall disease control. The measurement of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) may reflect the disease burden and inflammatory phenotype of the paranasal sinuses.. The aim of our study is to evaluate the relation of chronic rhino sinusitis (CRS) severity and inflammatory status to nNO, maxillary sinus NO, nitrite, nitrate and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).. Three groups (22 patients in each) of referred patients and and 22 healthy volunteers are recruited. Patients are grouped according to the CBCT score and viewed three times in 4-6 weeks intervals. ...
Patente US20020143188 - Nitrosated and nitrosylated potassium channel activators, compositions and ... - Google PatentesPatente US20020143188 - Nitrosated and nitrosylated potassium channel activators, compositions and ... - Google Patentes
The present invention describes novel nitrosated and/or nitrosylated potassium channel activators, and novel compositions comprising at least one nitrosated and/or nitrosylated potassium channel activator, and, optionally, at least one compound that donates, transfers or releases nitric oxide, elevates endogenous levels of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, stimulates endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and/or at least one vasoactive agent. The present invention also provides novel compositions comprising at least one potassium channel activator, and at least one compound that donates, transfers or releases nitric oxide, elevates endogenous levels of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, stimulates endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and/or at least one vasoactive agent. The present invention also provides methods for treating or preventing sexual dysfunctions in males and females, for enhancing sexual responses
Patent US6693122 - Nitrosated and nitrosylated potassium channel activators, compositions and ... - Google PatentsPatent US6693122 - Nitrosated and nitrosylated potassium channel activators, compositions and ... - Google Patents
The present invention describes novel nitrosated and/or nitrosylated potassium channel activators, and novel compositions comprising at least one nitrosated and/or nitrosylated potassium channel activator, and, optionally, at least one compound that donates, transfers or releases nitric oxide, elevates endogenous levels of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, stimulates endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and/or at least one vasoactive agent. The present invention also provides novel compositions comprising at least one potassium channel activator, and at least one compound that donates, transfers or releases nitric oxide, elevates endogenous levels of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, stimulates endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and/or at least one vasoactive agent. The present invention also provides methods for treating or preventing sexual dysfunctions in males and females, for enhancing sexual responses
Nitric oxide concentrations are normal and unrelated to activity level in CFS | Phoenix Rising ME / CFS ForumsNitric oxide concentrations are normal and unrelated to activity level in CFS | Phoenix Rising ME / CFS Forums
The findings were not that interesting: Nitric oxide concentrations are normal and unrelated to activity level in chronic fatigue syndrome: a...
Folic acid supplementation improves microvascular function in older adults through nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms | Clinical...Folic acid supplementation improves microvascular function in older adults through nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms | Clinical...
Older adults have reduced vascular endothelial function, evidenced by attenuated nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cutaneous vasodilatation. Folic acid and its metabolite, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), are reported to improve vessel function. We hypothesized that (i) local 5-MTHF administration and (ii) chronic folic acid supplementation would improve cutaneous microvascular function in ageing through NO-dependent mechanisms. There were two separate studies in which there were 11 young (Y: 22±1 years) and 11 older (O: 71±3 years) participants. In both studies, two intradermal microdialysis fibres were placed in the forearm skin for local delivery of lactated Ringers solution with or without 5 mM 5-MTHF. Red cell flux was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Cutaneous vascular conductance [CVC=red cell flux/mean arterial pressure] was normalized as percentage maximum CVC (%CVCmax) (28 mM sodium nitroprusside, local temperature 43°C). In study 1 after CVC plateaued during local heating, 20 mM ...
Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation induced by interleukin 1β in islets of Langerhans. Evidence for an effector role of...Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation induced by interleukin 1β in islets of Langerhans. Evidence for an effector role of...
Treatment of pancreatic islets with interleukin 1 (IL-1) results in a time-dependent inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion which has recently been demonstrated to be dependent on the metabolism of L-arginine to nitric oxide. In this report IL-1 beta is shown to induce the accumulation of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in a time-dependent fashion that mimics the time-dependent inhibition of insulin secretion by IL-1 beta. The accumulation of cGMP is dependent on nitric oxide synthase activity, since NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) prevents IL-1 beta-induced cGMP accumulation. cGMP formation and nitrite production induced by IL-1 beta pretreatment of islets are also blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. The formation of cGMP does not appear to mediate the inhibitory effects of IL-1 beta on insulin secretion since a concentration of cycloheximide (1 microM) that blocks IL-1 beta-induced inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin ...
Discuss - Metal oxides are alkaline, non-metal oxides are acidic - A-Level Science - Marked by Teachers.comDiscuss - Metal oxides are alkaline, non-metal oxides are acidic - A-Level Science - Marked by Teachers.com
Introduction. Discuss - Metal oxides are alkaline, non-metal oxides are acidic Moving across the periodic table from left to right will bring about a change in the nature of the element. Generally, there are trends in certain properties in the elements that we can spot, for instance boiling/melting points. Period three elements are from Sodium to Argon inclusive, and possess particular characteristics. All of the period 3 elements except argon and chlorine will combine with oxygen to form oxide molecules (Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P4O10, SO2 and SO3). How does their pH differ, and what is different about Al2O3? It is not just the properties of the period 3 elements that differ as we move across the periodic table; this movement also affects the properties of the oxides of said elements. These changes are a result of the transition from metal elements to non-metal elements. The oxides of sodium, magnesium and aluminium are all examples of the compounds formed by a metal combined to a non-metal. ...
Effects of nitric oxide on hemodynamic changes and metabolism following acute hepatic inflow occlusion in pigs | Critical Care ...Effects of nitric oxide on hemodynamic changes and metabolism following acute hepatic inflow occlusion in pigs | Critical Care ...
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of nitric oxide on systemic hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism following acute hepatic inflow occlusion. Fourteen mongrel pigs received solvent (control group, n = 4), the nitric synthesis inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME group, n = 5), or the substrate for nitric oxide synthesis L-arginine (L-arginine group, n = 5) 30 min before hepatic inflow occlusion. Following 30 min of hepatic ischemia, all livers were reperfused. While all pigs in the control group and L-arginine group survived more than 7 days after reperfusion, two of five pigs in the L-NAME group died during hepatic ischemia period. However, venous oxygen saturation was significantly lower during and after ischemic period, oxygen extraction ratio was significantly higher during hepatic ischemic period in L-NAME group, and systemic vascular resistance was also significantly higher 5 and 15 min after hepatic inflow occlusion. Furthermore, lactate/pyruvate ratio was ...
nitric oxide supplements benefits - Malawiclinicsnitric oxide supplements benefits - Malawiclinics
Lets glance at what it does and the way you could naturally raise it, to make sure a robust erection.. Peak Sexual functionality in gentlemen is usually a combination of want and also the power to get an erection and nitric oxide is significant towards the system.. If you do not get sufficient nitric oxide you can fail to get an erection - Period of time.. Nitric Oxides Job from the Erection Course of action. The erection process starts with sensory and psychological stimulation from the mind and impulses with the brain to the nervous procedure result in the release of nitric oxide.. This has the affect of constructing the muscle mass from the penis rest, thus letting blood to movement to the spongy tissue from the penis and convey an erection to fruition.. Nitric Oxide and Age. Nitric Oxide declines naturally with age and lots of males who are acquiring more mature simply just should improve their levels of nitric oxide.. Challenges may be bodily difficulties like hardening of your arteries ...
Nitric Oxide is Very Important For WellnessNitric Oxide is Very Important For Wellness
Inside your body, nitric oxide is a gas that performs a lot of extraordinary feats. One of the most excellent advantages of nitric oxide is its skill to improve blood circulation by dilating arteries. Known that heart linked illnesses are the number 1 killer in the US Along with universal; this information on its own makes nitric oxide a significant matter for cardiovascular welfare.. This capability of rising blood flow in your body makes nitric oxide nutritional supplements famous for both weight lifters and populace who are afflict by cardiovascular illness. Some different advantages of nitric oxide incorporate cell correspondence, improved invulnerable framework capacity, and additionally the ability to decline circulatory strain. Nitric oxide is additionally required during the time spent learning, resting, recognition and sentiment torment.. Dr. Jonathan S Stamler, a teacher of pharmaceutical at Duke University Medical Center had this to say in regards to nitric oxide; It does everything, ...
Systemic nitric oxide production in human malaria: II. Analysis of mononuclear cell nitric oxide synthase type 2 antigen...Systemic nitric oxide production in human malaria: II. Analysis of mononuclear cell nitric oxide synthase type 2 antigen...
As described in Chapter 42, niric oxide (NO) is synthesized from the amino acid l-arginine by the actions of a family of enymes, the NO synthases (NOS), each isoform of which is encoded by a separate gene. Two NOS isoforms are calcium-dependent and constitutively expressed and produce low levels of NO: NOS1 (neuronal NOS or nNOS), which is found mostly in neurons and skeletal muscle, and NOS3 (endothelial NOS or eNOS), which is found mostly in endothelial cells. NOS1 is critical for neurotransmission and learning, and NOS3 regulates vascular tone and adhesion of circulating cells. Inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS2) is transcriptionally induced by proinflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interferon-γ [IFN-γ]) and microbial products (e.g., lipoplysaccharide [LPS]). iNOS is calciumindependent, expressed by many cell types (especially mononuclear phagocytes, hepatocytes, chondrocytes and smooth muscle cells) and is responsible for high output NO production (1-3). While ...
A common pathway for nitric oxide release from NO-aspirin and glyceryl trinitrate<...A common pathway for nitric oxide release from NO-aspirin and glyceryl trinitrate<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A common pathway for nitric oxide release from NO-aspirin and glyceryl trinitrate. AU - Grosser, Nina. AU - Schröder, Henning. PY - 2000/7/21. Y1 - 2000/7/21. N2 - NO-Aspirin (NCX-4016) releases nitric oxide (NO) in biological systems through as yet unidentified mechanisms. In LLC-PK1 kidney epithelial cells, a 5-h pretreatment with glyceryl tinitrate (GTN, 0.1-1 μM) significantly attenuated the cyclic GMP response to a subsequent challenge with both NO-aspirin or GTN. Similarly, NO-aspirin (10-100 μM) was found to induce tolerance to its own cyclic GMP stimulatory action and to that of GTN. In contrast, cyclic GMP stimulation by the spontaneous NO donor SIN-1, which releases NO independently of enzymatic catalysis, remained unimpaired in cells pretreated with GTN or NO-aspirin. The observed cross-tolerance between NO-aspirin and GTN cells indicates that bioactivation pathways of organic nitrates, which have been shown to involve cytochrome P450, may also be responsible for NO ...
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SuperBeets Black Cherry with Heart Greens - Nitric Oxide Booster Beet Root Juice Powder Nitrate Building Green Superfood - 5.3...SuperBeets Black Cherry with Heart Greens - Nitric Oxide Booster Beet Root Juice Powder Nitrate Building Green Superfood - 5.3...
SUPERBEETS NITRIC OXIDE BOOSTER: Concentrated beet Root Juice Powder from non-GMO beets grown in the U.S., SuperBeets uses only the highest quality beets that consistently exhibit high levels of dietary nitrates and other supporting nutrients to help increase Nitric Oxide production in the body. HEART GREENS NITRATE BUILDING GREEN SUPERFOOD: Heart Greens provides Functional levels of dietary nitrates from kale and spinach, which help your body produce the necessary Nitric Oxide to Help promote cardiovascular health and healthy blood pressure levels. HEALTHY CIRCULATION & IMPROVED NATURAL ENERGY: SuperBeets combined with heart greens helps promote healthy circulation, improved natural ene
Nitric Oxide. Essential for Health and in COVID-19 Infections. - Health Programs - Metabolic EnergyNitric Oxide. Essential for Health and in COVID-19 Infections. - Health Programs - Metabolic Energy
Plant nitrates are not the same as nitrites and nitrates found in processed meats (deli). They are converted to harmful nitrosamines, which are linked to an increased risk of cancer. So this distinction is essential! Nitrates from vegetables and fruits are the basis of nitric oxide production.. Arugula and beets have the highest content of nitrates needed to produce nitric oxide! Spinach, green leaves, coriander leaves and cabbage are also very rich sources of nitrates.. Celery, leeks, radishes, endives, fennel, eggplant, rhubarb, basil and carrots are also decent sources of usable nitrates.. Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C can improve the level of nitric oxide by increasing its bioavailability, as well as by maximizing its absorption.. Watermelon is the richest source of L-citrulline, an amino acid that can be converted to nitric oxide.. Spirulina is rich in healthy vitamins and minerals, protective chlorophyll of cells and can increase the level of nitric oxide.. Nuts and seeds have a ...
Nitric Oxide | 100% Legal SteroidsNitric Oxide | 100% Legal Steroids
Nitric oxide supplements have been getting a lot of attention lately. Nitric oxide is a gas that researchers are finding can control a limitless range of functions in the body. It has been documented that nitric oxide helps in controlling the circulation of the blood, and in regulating activities in various parts of the body; for instance the brain, lungs, stomach, liver, and kidneys, just to name a few. Nitric oxide is one part nitrogen, one part oxygen. In 1988, three Americans were awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine for their discovery of nitric oxide.. Nitric oxide supplements contain arginine-alpha-keto-glutarate, which is an amino acid. If you collect too much of this amino acid in your body it can lead to diarrhea, nausea, and body weakness, and since there are no dosage guidelines, you should start out taking small doses for about one week, note any benefits or side effects, and then increase or decrease the dosage for maximum benefits.. ...
Basic fibroblast growth factor and nitric oxide are involved in the growth inhibition induced by gleditsia sinensis fruit...Basic fibroblast growth factor and nitric oxide are involved in the growth inhibition induced by gleditsia sinensis fruit...
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Importance of basal nitric oxide synthesis in regulation of myocardial blood flow<...Importance of basal nitric oxide synthesis in regulation of myocardial blood flow<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Importance of basal nitric oxide synthesis in regulation of myocardial blood flow. AU - Benyó, Zoltán. AU - Kiss, Gergely. AU - Szabo, Csaba. AU - Csáki, Csilla. AU - Kovách, Arisztid G.B.. PY - 1991/1/1. Y1 - 1991/1/1. N2 - Study objective - The aim was to investigate whether basal coronary vascular tone and myocardial perfusion depend upon endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.Design - Myocardial blood flow and vascular resistance of the left and right ventricles were studied before and after intravenous infusions of either NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA), a specific inhibitor of NO synthase, or L-arginine, the precursor of NO synthesis. Radiolabelled microspheres were used to study myocardial blood flow in small tissue sections.Experimental material - 14 anaesthetised male cats, weight 2.1-3.5 kg, were used.Measurements and main results - Measurements were made before and 15 and 40 min after L-NA treatment (30 mg·kg-1 bolus followed by 1 mg·kg-1·min-1 infusion; n=8), and ...
Hydrogen Sulfide Improves Intestinal Recovery Following Ischemia by Endothelial Nitric Oxide Dependent Mechanisms |...Hydrogen Sulfide Improves Intestinal Recovery Following Ischemia by Endothelial Nitric Oxide Dependent Mechanisms |...
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Role of heat shock protein 90 in bradykinin-stimulated endothelial nitric oxide release<...Role of heat shock protein 90 in bradykinin-stimulated endothelial nitric oxide release<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Role of heat shock protein 90 in bradykinin-stimulated endothelial nitric oxide release. AU - Harris, M. Brennan. AU - Ju, Hong. AU - Venema, Virginia J.. AU - Blackstone, Michele. AU - Venema, Richard C.. PY - 2000/12/1. Y1 - 2000/12/1. N2 - Previously we described ENAP-1, a 90-kDa protein that is tyrosine-phosphorylated in endothelial cells in response to bradykinin (BK) stimulation and is associated with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Subsequently, other investigators demonstrated that eNOS interacts with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) following stimulation of endothelial cells with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), histamine, or fluid shear stress. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that ENAP-1 and Hsp90 are the same protein and that BK activation of eNOS is dependent on Hsp90. Immunoblotting of immunoprecipitated Hsp90 with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody shows that Hsp90 is tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to BK stimulation of bovine aortic endothelial ...
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Mediates Delayed Cardioprotection Induced by Morphine In Vivo :Evidence from Pharmacologic...Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Mediates Delayed Cardioprotection Induced by Morphine In Vivo :Evidence from Pharmacologic...
The opening of a mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel or a mitochondrial site of action seems to be an important trigger for the mediation of cardioprotection. Both ischemic and pharmacologic preconditioning may be dependent on the activation of mitoKATPchannels. Numerous studies have shown that morphine-induced and opioid-induced cardioprotection were mediated by opening of KATPchannels.3,4,7-9,36 However, the mediator of the opening of the KATPchannel after preconditioning is not fully known. In the current investigation, we observed that iNOS expression was enhanced by morphine pretreatment, which would consequently lead to increased nitric oxide production. Morphine causes the release of nitric oxide in human neutrophils, monocytes, immunocytes,19,37 and macrophages.20 Opioids have also been found to increase nitric oxide synthesis from vascular endothelial cells and monocytes.38 Furthermore, in isolated myocytes, δ-opioid receptor stimulation has been ...
Nitric oxide | Definition of Nitric oxide at Dictionary.comNitric oxide | Definition of Nitric oxide at Dictionary.com
Nitric oxide definition, a colorless, slightly water-soluble gas, NO, formed by the action of dilute nitric acid on copper, and by the direct combination of atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen at the high temperatures of an electric arc: an intermediate in the manufacture of nitric acid. See more.
OSA | Nitric oxide measurements in a flame by laser fluorescenceOSA | Nitric oxide measurements in a flame by laser fluorescence
Laser fluorescence measurements have been performed to detect nitric oxide in a CH4-O2-N2 flame at atmospheric pressure. For these measurements a frequency-doubled tunable dye laser was used to excite the UV γ-bands of nitric oxide. Sensitivities were adequate to detect naturally occurring levels of nitric oxide that were in the 20-30-ppm range. Higher sensitivities can be achieved using other currently available lasers having greater output intensities.. © 1980 Optical Society of America. Full Article , PDF Article ...
Nitric oxide synthase oxygenase - Stock Image C035/5452 - Science Photo LibraryNitric oxide synthase oxygenase - Stock Image C035/5452 - Science Photo Library
Nitric oxide synthase oxygenase. Computer model showing the dimeric structure of murine nitric oxide synthase oxygenase (yellow, pink-red). The heme groups (green) assist in creating nitric oxide. This enzyme catalyses the production of nitric oxide. - Stock Image C035/5452
Hypoxia-induced regulation of nitric oxide synthase in cardiac endothelial cells and myocytes and the role of the PI3-K/PKB...Hypoxia-induced regulation of nitric oxide synthase in cardiac endothelial cells and myocytes and the role of the PI3-K/PKB...
The roles of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and its putative association with protein kinase B (PKB), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are not well characterized in hypoxic cardiac cells and there is a lack of studies that measure nitric oxide (NO) directly. Objective: To measure NO production in cardiomyocytes and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) under baseline and hypoxic conditions and to evaluate the expression, regulation and activation of eNOS, iNOS and PKB. The effect of PI3-K/PKB inhibition on NO production and eNOS expression/activation was also investigated. Methods: Adult rat cardiomyocytes and rat CMECs were made hypoxic by cell pelleting and low PO2 incubation. Intracellular NO was measured by FACS analysis of DAF-2/DA fluorescence, and eNOS, iNOS and PKB were evaluated by Western blotting or flow cytometry. Upstream PKB inhibition was achieved with wortmannin. Results: (1) NO levels increased in both cell types after exposure to hypoxia. (2) In ...
Study of nasal exhaled nitric oxide levels in diagnosis of allergic rh | JAAStudy of nasal exhaled nitric oxide levels in diagnosis of allergic rh | JAA
Study of nasal exhaled nitric oxide levels in diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in subjects with and without asthma Sy Duong-Quy,1â 3 Thuc Vu-Minh,4 Thong Hua-Huy,1 Tram Tang-Thi-Thao,3 Khiet Le-Quang,3 Dinh Tran-Thanh,3 Nhu Doan-Thi-Quynh,3 Nhat-Nam Le-Dong,5 Timothy J Craig,2 Anh-Tuan Dinh-Xuan1 1Department of Respiratory Physiology, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; 2Department of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA; 3Bio-Medical Research Center, Lam Dong Medical College, Dalat, 4Department of Immuno-Allergology, ENT National Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam; 5Department of Pulmonology, St Elisabeth Hospital, Namur, Belgium Background: The measure of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in the airways is a useful tool to guide the diagnosis and titration of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma. However, its role in diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR), especially in subjects with asthma, is not well established. Objective: To study
Heparin regulates endothelin production through endothelium-derived nitric oxide in human endothelial cells<...Heparin regulates endothelin production through endothelium-derived nitric oxide in human endothelial cells<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Heparin regulates endothelin production through endothelium-derived nitric oxide in human endothelial cells. AU - Yokokawa, Koji. AU - Tahara, Hideki. AU - Kohno, Masakazu. AU - Mandal, Anil K.. AU - Yanagisawa, Masashi. AU - Takeda, Tadanao. PY - 1993. Y1 - 1993. N2 - Heparin shows blood pressure lowering effect in hypertensive patients and animal models. The present study examined the effect of heparin on vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) production in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) to elucidate the mechanism of antihypertensive effect of heparin. Heparin suppressed both basal and thrombin-stimulated ET-1 mRNA expression paralleled with a decrease in ET-1 peptide release in a dose-dependent manner. Heparin concomitantly enhanced nitric oxide (NO) formation measured by NO2/NO3 levels and cGMP production in ECs. These enhancements were more marked when ECs were stimulated by thrombin. However, these heparins effects were blunted in the presence of ...
YC-1 inhibits proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells through a cyclic GMP-independent pathway<...YC-1 inhibits proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells through a cyclic GMP-independent pathway<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - YC-1 inhibits proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells through a cyclic GMP-independent pathway. AU - Hsu, Hun Kung. AU - Juan, Shu Hui. AU - Ho, Pei Yin. AU - Liang, Yu Chih. AU - Lin, Chien-Huang. AU - Teng, Che Ming. AU - Lee, Wen Sen. PY - 2003/7/15. Y1 - 2003/7/15. N2 - This study was designed to investigate the effect of YC-1, 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzylindazole, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) proliferation and its underlying mechanism. YC-1 at a range of concentrations (5-50μM) inhibited DNA synthesis and decreased cell number in cultured HUVEC in a dose- and time-dependent manner. YC-1 was not cytotoxic at these concentrations. [3H]thymidine incorporation and flow cytometry analyses revealed that YC-1 treatment decreased DNA synthesis and arrested the cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Western blot analysis demonstrated that YC-1 (5-50μM) increased the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitory proteins ...
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Nitric OxideNitric Oxide SynthaseNitric Oxide Synthase Type IINitric Oxide Synthase Type IIINitric Oxide DonorsNitric Oxide Synthase Type ING-Nitroarginine Methyl EsterArginineNitritesomega-N-MethylarginineEnzyme InhibitorsNitratesAmino Acid OxidoreductasesNitrogen OxidesS-Nitroso-N-AcetylpenicillamineCyclic GMPOxidesNitroprussidePenicillamineEndothelium, VascularVasodilationMolsidomineGuanylate CyclaseNitroarginineRats, Sprague-DawleyS-NitrosoglutathioneVasodilator AgentsS-NitrosothiolsRats, WistarCells, CulturedDose-Response Relationship, DrugZinc OxideLipopolysaccharidesNADPH DehydrogenaseEnzyme InductionPeroxynitrous AcidIndazolesOxadiazolesSuperoxidesExhalationAcetylcholineBreath TestsGuanidinesMacrophagesFree Radical ScavengersBlood PressureRNA, MessengerAdministration, InhalationMice, Inbred C57BLVasoconstrictionTriazenesSignal TransductionAortaOxidative StressArginaseMuscle RelaxationMuscle, Smooth, VascularRegional Blood FlowTime FactorsHydrazinesMice, KnockoutOxygenNitrosationGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicInterferon-gammaDisease Models, AnimalReactive Oxygen SpeciesBlotting, WesternEndothelial CellsOxidation-ReductionTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaDiethylaminesBradykininAmidinesQuinoxalinesIndomethacinReactive Nitrogen SpeciesCyclic GMP-Dependent Protein KinasesSuperoxide DismutaseImmunohistochemistryAorta, ThoracicArteriolesVascular ResistanceMacrophage ActivationHemodynamicsCyclooxygenase InhibitorsEnzyme ActivationInterleukin-1Cell LineMacrophages, PeritonealIsothiuroniumEndothelium-Dependent Relaxing FactorsRabbitsMicrocirculationIsoenzymesLungCattleMethylene BlueCyclic N-OxidesPulmonary CirculationCyclooxygenase 2Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide SynthasesNitroglycerinAnoxiaSwineTyrosinePhenylephrinePulmonary ArteryKidneyGlutathioneEndothelin-1Vasoconstrictor AgentsRenal CirculationNitro CompoundsCytokinesNitric AcidHydrogen PeroxideNF-kappa BCoronary VesselsCarbon MonoxideHemoglobinsBiological FactorsImidazolesMyocardiumNitroso CompoundsAnalysis of VarianceNitrergic NeuronsElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyVasomotor SystemProstaglandinsApoptosisCalciumGTP CyclohydrolaseFerrosoferric OxideFerric CompoundsPersistent Fetal Circulation SyndromeMesenteric ArteriesOxyhemoglobinsThioureaArteriesForearmHypertension, PulmonaryReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionInflammationMagnesium OxideAnti-Inflammatory AgentsHyperemiaDogsAntioxidantsKineticsPenisDinoprostoneUp-RegulationPlant ExtractsHemeFree RadicalsOxidantsPhosphorylationSpermineNeuronsCell SurvivalSodium NitriteHeart RateNADPH OxidaseNitrite ReductasesSpin TrappingBlood VesselsOrnithineGene ExpressionBenzoatesHemeproteinsReperfusion InjuryPhosphodiesterase InhibitorsMuscle ContractionCyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5Xanthine OxidaseBrainEndothelinsHeme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)Drug InteractionsOxygen ConsumptionPterinsLaser-Doppler FlowmetryAluminum OxideOxidoreductases15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic AcidRecombinant ProteinsCationic Amino Acid Transporter 2CitrullineCaveolin 1Muscle, SmoothRats, Inbred WKYBenzylaminesHeme Oxygenase-1Angiotensin IILipid PeroxidationSheepPeroxidaseHypertensionGene Expression RegulationMice, Inbred BALB C
Patent US5603820 - Nitric oxide sensor - Google PatentsPatent US5603820 - Nitric oxide sensor - Google Patents
Nitric oxide test for asthma - Mayo ClinicNitric oxide test for asthma - Mayo Clinic
Functional Neuroanatomy of the Nitric Oxide System, Volume 17 - 1st EditionFunctional Neuroanatomy of the Nitric Oxide System, Volume 17 - 1st Edition
Grant Abstract: Nitric Oxide Inhibitor and Leihmania PathogenesisGrant Abstract: Nitric Oxide Inhibitor and Leihmania Pathogenesis
Vitamin D benefits may be due to nitric oxide mechanisms: Mouse dataVitamin D benefits may be due to nitric oxide mechanisms: Mouse data
Heparin/nitric oxide | SpringerLinkHeparin/nitric oxide | SpringerLink
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Nitric oxide -- Britannica Online EncyclopediaNitric oxide -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Nitric oxide - WikipediaNitric oxide - Wikipedia
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Dropbox - Nitric Oxide.m4a - Simplify your lifeDropbox - Nitric Oxide.m4a - Simplify your life
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The nitric oxide system in insects. - PubMed - NCBIThe nitric oxide system in insects. - PubMed - NCBI
Nitric Oxide Proves a Potent Pollutant - Scientific AmericanNitric Oxide Proves a Potent Pollutant - Scientific American
Nitric oxide | Definition of Nitric oxide at Dictionary.comNitric oxide | Definition of Nitric oxide at Dictionary.com
L-arginine, Nitric Oxide And Sexual HealthL-arginine, Nitric Oxide And Sexual Health
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Cellular signaling with nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. - PubMed - NCBICellular signaling with nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. - PubMed - NCBI
Proteins matched: Nitric oxide synthase, N-terminal (IPR004030) | InterPro | EMBL-EBIProteins matched: Nitric oxide synthase, N-terminal (IPR004030) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Patent US7417109 - Polymers for delivering nitric oxide in vivo - Google PatentsPatent US7417109 - Polymers for delivering nitric oxide in vivo - Google Patents
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Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Interplay in Diabetic Endothelial DysfunctionNitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Interplay in Diabetic Endothelial Dysfunction
Perspectives on the N-Methyl- D -Aspartate/Nitric Oxide Cascade and Opioid Tolerance | NeuropsychopharmacologyPerspectives on the N-Methyl- D -Aspartate/Nitric Oxide Cascade and Opioid Tolerance | Neuropsychopharmacology
Nitric Oxide - DrugBankNitric Oxide - DrugBank
Nitric oxide - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaNitric oxide - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Nitric OxideNitric Oxide SynthaseNitric Oxide Synthase Type IINitric Oxide Synthase Type IIINitric Oxide DonorsNitric Oxide Synthase Type ING-Nitroarginine Methyl EsterArginineNitritesomega-N-MethylarginineEnzyme InhibitorsNitratesAmino Acid OxidoreductasesNitrogen OxidesS-Nitroso-N-AcetylpenicillamineCyclic GMPOxidesNitroprussidePenicillamineEndothelium, VascularVasodilationMolsidomineGuanylate CyclaseNitroarginineRats, Sprague-DawleyS-NitrosoglutathioneVasodilator AgentsS-NitrosothiolsRats, WistarCells, CulturedDose-Response Relationship, DrugZinc OxideLipopolysaccharidesNADPH DehydrogenaseEnzyme InductionPeroxynitrous AcidIndazolesOxadiazolesSuperoxidesExhalationAcetylcholineBreath TestsGuanidinesMacrophagesFree Radical ScavengersBlood PressureRNA, MessengerAdministration, InhalationMice, Inbred C57BLVasoconstrictionTriazenesSignal TransductionAortaOxidative StressArginaseMuscle RelaxationMuscle, Smooth, VascularRegional Blood FlowTime FactorsHydrazinesMice, KnockoutOxygenNitrosationGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicInterferon-gammaDisease Models, AnimalReactive Oxygen SpeciesBlotting, WesternEndothelial CellsOxidation-ReductionTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaDiethylaminesBradykininAmidinesQuinoxalinesIndomethacinReactive Nitrogen SpeciesCyclic GMP-Dependent Protein KinasesSuperoxide DismutaseImmunohistochemistryAorta, ThoracicArteriolesVascular ResistanceMacrophage ActivationHemodynamicsCyclooxygenase InhibitorsEnzyme ActivationInterleukin-1Cell LineMacrophages, PeritonealIsothiuroniumEndothelium-Dependent Relaxing FactorsRabbitsMicrocirculationIsoenzymesLungCattleMethylene BlueCyclic N-OxidesPulmonary CirculationCyclooxygenase 2Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide SynthasesNitroglycerinAnoxiaSwineTyrosinePhenylephrinePulmonary ArteryKidneyGlutathioneEndothelin-1Vasoconstrictor AgentsRenal CirculationNitro CompoundsCytokinesNitric AcidHydrogen PeroxideNF-kappa BCoronary VesselsCarbon MonoxideHemoglobinsBiological FactorsImidazolesMyocardiumNitroso CompoundsAnalysis of VarianceNitrergic NeuronsElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyVasomotor SystemProstaglandinsApoptosisCalciumGTP CyclohydrolaseFerrosoferric OxideFerric CompoundsPersistent Fetal Circulation SyndromeMesenteric ArteriesOxyhemoglobinsThioureaArteriesForearmHypertension, PulmonaryReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionInflammationMagnesium OxideAnti-Inflammatory AgentsHyperemiaDogsAntioxidantsKineticsPenisDinoprostoneUp-RegulationPlant ExtractsHemeFree RadicalsOxidantsPhosphorylationSpermineNeuronsCell SurvivalSodium NitriteHeart RateNADPH OxidaseNitrite ReductasesSpin TrappingBlood VesselsOrnithineGene ExpressionBenzoatesHemeproteinsReperfusion InjuryPhosphodiesterase InhibitorsMuscle ContractionCyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5Xanthine OxidaseBrainEndothelinsHeme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)Drug InteractionsOxygen ConsumptionPterinsLaser-Doppler FlowmetryAluminum OxideOxidoreductases15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic AcidRecombinant ProteinsCationic Amino Acid Transporter 2CitrullineCaveolin 1Muscle, SmoothRats, Inbred WKYBenzylaminesHeme Oxygenase-1Angiotensin IILipid PeroxidationSheepPeroxidaseHypertensionGene Expression RegulationMice, Inbred BALB C
Levels of nitric oxideInducibleSupplementsENOSVasodilationBenefits of nitricSustained release of nitric oxideExhaled nitric oxide levelsEndotheliumBlood vesselsNitrateMake nitric oxideBoost nitric oxide2020NitriteMetabolismEnzymeInhibitorInhalationCardiovascularInflammationFractional exhaled nitric oxideNitratesInhibitorsCitrullineNitrogenPathwayImpact of Nitric OxideSupplementVascularGaseousProductionCreation of nitric oxideNitrousRelease nitric oxideArterialSynthase activity
Levels of nitric oxide4
Inducible2
Supplements8
ENOS1
Vasodilation3
Benefits of nitric4
Sustained release of nitric oxide1
Exhaled nitric oxide levels1
Endothelium4
  • 327: 524-6, Ignarro LJ, Buga GM, Wood KS, Byrns RE, Chaudhuri G: Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. (designskills.com)
  • When the endothelium senses heart-healthy conditions, such as physical activity and low cholesterol, it releases more nitric oxide. (liquidgolduk.com)
  • On the other hand when the endothelium senses problems like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, or emotional distress, it releases less nitric oxide. (liquidgolduk.com)
  • Photorelaxation might be induced by endothelium-independent nitric oxide generation, which seems to result from the photochemical effect due to photon energy. (elsevier.com)
Blood vessels4
Nitrate2
Make nitric oxide1
Boost nitric oxide1
20201
  • hFCYFU��&A�j���,g�sx�'m`�0�۬e������47C&"�B�g�L"� ��� Citation: Shatanawi A, Momani MS, Al-Aqtash R, Hamdan MH and Gharaibeh MN (2020) L-Citrulline Supplementation Increases Plasma Nitric Oxide … It is required for key physiological functions within our body. (jurnalhajiumroh.com)
Nitrite1
Metabolism1
  • There is even some evidence that Nitric Oxide can be used therapeutically to … It regulates blood flow, energy metabolism, brain function, immunity, and hormone production. (jurnalhajiumroh.com)
Enzyme1
Inhibitor1
  • However, one of the major active principles in turmeric is curcumin, an inhibitor of nitric oxide production and a scavenger of nitric oxide and superoxide anions. (nih.gov)
Inhalation3
Cardiovascular7
  • People looking for the latest thing to get a better workout with better results are increasingly turning to nitric oxide (NO). In addition to more productive workouts with greater workout tolerance, there are claims for increases in muscle mass and cardiovascular fitness to boot. (phlabs.com)
  • Nitric oxide is produced by nearly every type of cell in the human body and is one of the most important molecules for cardiovascular health. (liquidgolduk.com)
  • Nitric oxide (N.O.) is one of the most important molecules in our body, particularly in cardiovascular medicine," says James Rippe, MD, cardiologist, and founder and director of the Rippe Lifestyle Institute in Celebration, Fla. In fact, the 1998 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to a group of scientists who discovered that nitric oxide plays a pivotal role in heart function. (liquidgolduk.com)
  • Welcome to the world of Nitric Oxide Therapy and how it can be used to improve cardiovascular health and human performance. (danhammerhealth.com)
  • Our goal is to give you accurate information so that you can see how this molecule called Nitric Oxide, can help address a wide range of health issues, specially the health of your cardiovascular system. (danhammerhealth.com)
  • We even have a Nitric Oxide Protocol for women since 5 times more women will die from cardiovascular disease than from breast cancer. (danhammerhealth.com)
  • Although working out alone helps to boost cardiovascular health, increasing nitric oxide levels has a big impact on heart health. (newreviewhq.com)
Inflammation3
  • Nitric oxide is produced throughout the body, including in the lungs, to fight inflammation and relax tight muscles. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Nitric oxide testing is also done to help predict whether or not steroid medications, which decrease inflammation, are likely to be helpful for your asthma. (mayoclinic.org)
  • This due to a decrease in nitric oxide release and an increase in inflammation. (liquidgolduk.com)
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide1
  • Fractional exhaled nitric oxide for the management of asthma in adults: A systematic review. (mayoclinic.org)
Nitrates3
Inhibitors2
Citrulline2
  • The body converts both l-arginine and l-citrulline into nitric oxide for use in various body functions. (liquidgolduk.com)
  • Similar to the image conjured by the name, Dr. Emil's Goliath nitric oxide comes with a combination of L-arginine and L-citrulline to bring you a reliable nitric oxide supplement product. (healthtrends.com)
Nitrogen1
Pathway2
Impact of Nitric Oxide1
  • The impact of nitric oxide as a reliever of pain is strongly felt in diabetic patients. (wordpress.com)
Supplement8
Vascular1
  • The interaction between inspiratory fraction of O2 (FIO2) and endogenous nitric oxide (NO) regulation of pulmonary vascular tone was examined in intact anesthetized dogs. (kuleuven.be)
Gaseous1
Production8
Creation of nitric oxide1
  • While there are some well developed formulations and valid pathways for the creation of nitric oxide, when we see information that is less than accurate we'll try to provide a balanced perspective so that you can make a decision that is best for you. (danhammerhealth.com)
Nitrous1
  • KEC9��P���\tDEG�2��(��� b 1HF ��*� It is not to be confused with nitrous oxide, or N20, the laughing gas used as an anesthetic. (jurnalhajiumroh.com)
Release nitric oxide1
  • The formulation, intended to be applied with the use of a medical device, can release nitric oxide locally over various periods of time and is in development for the treatment of a number of disorders. (syndermix.ch)
Arterial1
  • Nitric oxide boosts the arterial flow to the nerves as well as the venous drainage away from the nerves. (wordpress.com)
Synthase activity1
Nitric Oxide Synthase and Breast Cancer: Role of TIMP-1 in NO-mediated Akt Activation
Nitric Oxide Synthase and Breast Cancer: Role of TIMP-1 in NO-mediated Akt Activation (journals.plos.org)
Condemned Labz | DNA Dispatch Nitric Oxide Enhancer - Best Price Nutrition
Condemned Labz | DNA Dispatch Nitric Oxide Enhancer - Best Price Nutrition (bestpricenutrition.com)
️🚢Stimulate Nitric Oxide And Testosterone Production Herbs To Enlarge Penis ️👩‍⚕️ - Mandala Jogastudiok
️🚢Stimulate Nitric Oxide And Testosterone Production Herbs To Enlarge Penis ️👩‍⚕️ - Mandala Jogastudiok (mandalajoga.hu)
JCDR - Nitric oxide (NO), Chronic Periodontitis, Aggressive Periodontitis, Saliva, Serum
JCDR - Nitric oxide (NO), Chronic Periodontitis, Aggressive Periodontitis, Saliva, Serum (jcdr.net)
Nitric oxide - Omnizens
Nitric oxide - Omnizens (omnizens.com)
Toxicology Study of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide in Human Sperm | Scientific Reports
Toxicology Study of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide in Human Sperm | Scientific Reports (nature.com)
Nitric Oxide - Methods and Protocols | Helen O. McCarthy | Springer
Nitric Oxide - Methods and Protocols | Helen O. McCarthy | Springer (springer.com)
Nitric Oxide | SpringerLink
Nitric Oxide | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
The nasal methylome as a biomarker of asthma and airway inflammation in children | Nature Communications
The nasal methylome as a biomarker of asthma and airway inflammation in children | Nature Communications (nature.com)
Heparin/nitric oxide | SpringerLink
Heparin/nitric oxide | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine | SpringerLink
Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Nitric Oxide | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Nitric Oxide | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (mskcc.org)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Corticosteroids, Surfactant Replacement Therapy
Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Corticosteroids, Surfactant Replacement Therapy (emedicine.medscape.com)
Buy Pump Enhancer (Nitric Oxide) | MYPROTEIN™
Buy Pump Enhancer (Nitric Oxide) | MYPROTEIN™ (nz.myprotein.com)
What's the Importance of Nitric Oxide?
What's the Importance of Nitric Oxide? (shop.ora.organic)
Buy NO2 Pump (Nitric Oxide) | MYPROTEIN™
Buy NO2 Pump (Nitric Oxide) | MYPROTEIN™ (myprotein.com.pk)
Study shows why acupuncture might work
Study shows why acupuncture might work (medicalnewstoday.com)
Jonathan Choy - Molecular Biology and Biochemistry - Simon Fraser University
Jonathan Choy - Molecular Biology and Biochemistry - Simon Fraser University (sfu.ca)
Acute myeloid leukemia: Heart drugs may boost chemotherapy
Acute myeloid leukemia: Heart drugs may boost chemotherapy (medicalnewstoday.com)
Caffeic acid rich Citrus macroptera peel powder supplementation prevented oxidative stress, fibrosis and hepatic damage in CCl4...
Caffeic acid rich Citrus macroptera peel powder supplementation prevented oxidative stress, fibrosis and hepatic damage in CCl4... (link.springer.com)
January 21, 1911 - Scientific American
January 21, 1911 - Scientific American (scientificamerican.com)
May 1992 - Scientific American
May 1992 - Scientific American (scientificamerican.com)
Pre-Workout Supplements: Good or Bad?
Pre-Workout Supplements: Good or Bad? (healthline.com)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacotherapy, Vaccine
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacotherapy, Vaccine (emedicine.medscape.com)
Lysine deacetylases are produced in pancreatic beta cells and are differentially regulated by proinflammatory cytokines |...
Lysine deacetylases are produced in pancreatic beta cells and are differentially regulated by proinflammatory cytokines |... (link.springer.com)
Erectile Dysfunction: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
Erectile Dysfunction: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy (emedicine.medscape.com)
Asthma Workup: Approach Considerations, Blood and Sputum Eosinophils, Serum Immunoglobulin E
Asthma Workup: Approach Considerations, Blood and Sputum Eosinophils, Serum Immunoglobulin E (emedicine.medscape.com)
Rheumatoid arthritis could be treated with a novel hydrogel
Rheumatoid arthritis could be treated with a novel hydrogel (medicalnewstoday.com)
Could migraines be caused by the bacteria in our mouths?
Could migraines be caused by the bacteria in our mouths? (medicalnewstoday.com)
The Best Natural Foods to Replace Supplements | Men's Health
The Best Natural Foods to Replace Supplements | Men's Health (menshealth.com)
Nitric Oxide (Inhalation Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic
Nitric Oxide (Inhalation Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic (mayoclinic.org)
Cerebral Vasospasm | SpringerLink
Cerebral Vasospasm | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)