Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Nitric Oxide Synthase
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
Nitric Oxide Donors
A diverse group of agents, with unique chemical structures and biochemical requirements, which generate NITRIC OXIDE. These compounds have been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the management of acute myocardial infarction, acute and chronic congestive heart failure, and surgical control of blood pressure. (Adv Pharmacol 1995;34:361-81)
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
Nitrites
Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Enzyme Inhibitors
Nitrates
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine
Cyclic GMP
Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Oxides
Nitroprusside
Penicillamine
Endothelium, Vascular
Vasodilation
Molsidomine
Guanylate Cyclase
Nitroarginine
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
S-Nitrosothiols
Rats, Wistar
Cells, Cultured
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Zinc Oxide
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
NADPH Dehydrogenase
Enzyme Induction
Peroxynitrous Acid
Superoxides
Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.
Acetylcholine
Guanidines
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Free Radical Scavengers
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Administration, Inhalation
Vasoconstriction
Triazenes
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Oxidative Stress
Arginase
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Oxygen
Nitrosation
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Interferon-gamma
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Disease Models, Animal
Reactive Oxygen Species
Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.
Blotting, Western
Endothelial Cells
Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
Bradykinin
A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.
Indomethacin
Reactive Nitrogen Species
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
Superoxide Dismutase
Immunohistochemistry
Aorta, Thoracic
Arterioles
Vascular Resistance
Macrophage Activation
The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants.
Hemodynamics
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
Enzyme Activation
Interleukin-1
A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.
Macrophages, Peritoneal
Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors
Rabbits
Isoenzymes
Lung
Cattle
Methylene Blue
A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.
Cyclooxygenase 2
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
Nitroglycerin
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Tyrosine
Phenylephrine
Pulmonary Artery
Kidney
Glutathione
Endothelin-1
A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)
Nitro Compounds
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Nitric Acid
Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Hydrogen Peroxide
NF-kappa B
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Hemoglobins
Biological Factors
Imidazoles
Myocardium
Analysis of Variance
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.
Vasomotor System
Prostaglandins
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
GTP Cyclohydrolase
(GTP cyclohydrolase I) or GTP 7,8-8,9-dihydrolase (pyrophosphate-forming) (GTP cyclohydrolase II). An enzyme group that hydrolyzes the imidazole ring of GTP, releasing carbon-8 as formate. Two C-N bonds are hydrolyzed and the pentase unit is isomerized. This is the first step in the synthesis of folic acid from GTP. EC 3.5.4.16 (GTP cyclohydrolase I) and EC 3.5.4.25 (GTP cyclohydrolase II).
Ferrosoferric Oxide
Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome
A syndrome of persistent PULMONARY HYPERTENSION in the newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN) without demonstrable HEART DISEASES. This neonatal condition can be caused by severe pulmonary vasoconstriction (reactive type), hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial muscle (hypertrophic type), or abnormally developed pulmonary arterioles (hypoplastic type). The newborn patient exhibits CYANOSIS and ACIDOSIS due to the persistence of fetal circulatory pattern of right-to-left shunting of blood through a patent ductus arteriosus (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, PATENT) and at times a patent foramen ovale (FORAMEN OVALE, PATENT).
Mesenteric Arteries
Oxyhemoglobins
Thiourea
A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Inflammation
Magnesium Oxide
Hyperemia
Dogs
Antioxidants
Penis
The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra.
Dinoprostone
Up-Regulation
Plant Extracts
Heme
Free Radicals
Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.
Oxidants
Phosphorylation
Spermine
A biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.
Neurons
Cell Survival
Sodium Nitrite
Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.
NADPH Oxidase
A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the univalent reduction of OXYGEN using NADPH as an electron donor to create SUPEROXIDE ANION. The enzyme is dependent on a variety of CYTOCHROMES. Defects in the production of superoxide ions by enzymes such as NADPH oxidase result in GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC.
Nitrite Reductases
Spin Trapping
A technique for detecting short-lived reactive FREE RADICALS in biological systems by providing a nitrone or nitrose compound for an addition reaction to occur which produces an ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY-detectable aminoxyl radical. In spin trapping, the compound trapping the radical is called the spin trap and the addition product of the radical is identified as the spin adduct. (Free Rad Res Comm 1990;9(3-6):163)
Blood Vessels
Gene Expression
Benzoates
Hemeproteins
Reperfusion Injury
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Muscle Contraction
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5
Xanthine Oxidase
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Endothelins
21-Amino-acid peptides produced by vascular endothelial cells and functioning as potent vasoconstrictors. The endothelin family consists of three members, ENDOTHELIN-1; ENDOTHELIN-2; and ENDOTHELIN-3. All three peptides contain 21 amino acids, but vary in amino acid composition. The three peptides produce vasoconstrictor and pressor responses in various parts of the body. However, the quantitative profiles of the pharmacological activities are considerably different among the three isopeptides.
Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)
Drug Interactions
Oxygen Consumption
Laser-Doppler Flowmetry
Aluminum Oxide
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2
A high-affinity, low capacity system y+ amino acid transporter with strong similarity to CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER 1. The two isoforms of the protein, CAT-2A and CAT-2B, exist due to alternative mRNA splicing. The transporter has specificity for the transport of ARGININE; LYSINE; and ORNITHINE.
Caveolin 1
Muscle, Smooth
Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Rats, Inbred WKY
Benzylamines
Heme Oxygenase-1
Angiotensin II
An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.
Lipid Peroxidation
Sheep
Peroxidase
Hypertension
Gene Expression Regulation
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.
Nitric oxide stimulates the stress-activated protein kinase p38 in rat renal mesangial cells. (1/20782)
Nitric oxide (NO) has gained increased attention as a diffusible universal messenger that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recently, we reported that exogenous NO is able to activate the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade in mesangial cells. Here, we demonstrate that exposure of glomerular mesangial cells to compounds releasing NO, including spermine-NO and (Z)-1- (N-methyl-N-[6-(N-methylammoniohexyl)amino]diazen)-1-ium-1,2-diolate (MAHMA-NO), results in an activation of the stress-activated p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) cascade as measured by the phosphorylation of the activator of transcription factor-2 (ATF2) in an immunocomplex kinase assay. Activation of the p38-MAPK cascade by a short stimulation (10 min) with the NO donor MAHMA-NO causes a large increase in ATF2 phosphorylation that is several times greater than that observed after stimulation with interleukin-1beta, a well-known activator of the p38-MAPK pathway. Time course studies reveal that MAHMA-NO causes rapid and maximal activation of p38-MAPK after 10 min of stimulation and that activation declines to basal levels within 60 min. The longer-lived NO donor spermine-NO causes a comparable rapid activation of the p38-MAPK pathway; however, the increased activation state of p38-MAPK was maintained for several hours before control values were reattained after 24 h of stimulation. Furthermore, the NO donors also activated the classical extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) p44-MAPK cascade as shown by phosphorylation of the specific substrate cytosolic phospholipase A2 in an immunocomplex kinase reaction. Both MAHMA-NO and spermine-NO cause a rapid activation of p44-MAPK after 10 min of stimulation. Interestingly, there is a second delayed peak of p44-MAPK activation after 4-24 h of stimulation with NO donors. These results suggest that there is a differential activation pattern for stress-activated and mitogen-activated protein kinases by NO and that the integration of these signals may lead to specific cell responses. (+info)Relaxin is a potent renal vasodilator in conscious rats. (2/20782)
The kidneys and other nonreproductive organs vasodilate during early gestation; however, the "pregnancy hormones" responsible for the profound vasodilation of the renal circulation during pregnancy are unknown. We hypothesized that the ovarian hormone relaxin (RLX) contributes. Therefore, we tested whether the administration of RLX elicits renal vasodilation and hyperfiltration in conscious adult, intact female rats. After several days of treatment with either purified porcine RLX or recombinant human RLX 2 (rhRLX), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased by 20%-40%. Comparable renal vasodilation and hyperfiltration was also observed in ovariectomized rats, suggesting that estrogen and progesterone are unnecessary for the renal response to rhRLX. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester completely abrogated the increase in ERPF and GFR elicited by chronic administration of purified porcine RLX. In contrast, the renal vasoconstrictory response to angiotensin II was attenuated by the RLX treatment. Short-term infusion of purified porcine RLX to conscious rats over several hours failed to increase ERPF and GFR. Plasma osmolality was consistently reduced by the chronic administration of both RLX preparations. In conclusion, the renal and osmoregulatory effects of chronic RLX administration to conscious rats resemble the physiological changes of pregnancy in several respects: (a) marked increases in ERPF and GFR with a mediatory role for nitric oxide; (b) attenuation of the renal circulatory response to angiotensin II; and (c) reduction in plasma osmolality. (+info)An antiviral mechanism of nitric oxide: inhibition of a viral protease. (3/20782)
Although nitric oxide (NO) kills or inhibits the replication of a variety of intracellular pathogens, the antimicrobial mechanisms of NO are unknown. Here, we identify a viral protease as a target of NO. The life cycle of many viruses depends upon viral proteases that cleave viral polyproteins into individual polypeptides. NO inactivates the Coxsackievirus protease 3C, an enzyme necessary for the replication of Coxsackievirus. NO S-nitrosylates the cysteine residue in the active site of protease 3C, inhibiting protease activity and interrupting the viral life cycle. Substituting a serine residue for the active site cysteine renders protease 3C resistant to NO inhibition. Since cysteine proteases are critical for virulence or replication of many viruses, bacteria, and parasites, S-nitrosylation of pathogen cysteine proteases may be a general mechanism of antimicrobial host defenses. (+info)Evidence for a vasopressin system in the rat heart. (4/20782)
Traditionally, a hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system is thought to be the exclusive source of arginine vasopressin (AVP), a potent antidiuretic, vasoconstricting, and growth-stimulating neuropeptide. We have identified de novo synthesis of AVP in the heart as well as release of the hormone into the cardiac effluents. Specifically, molecular cloning of sequence tags amplified from isolated, buffer-perfused, and pressure-overloaded rat hearts allowed the detection of cardiac AVP mRNA. Subsequent experiments revealed a prominent induction of AVP mRNA (peak at 120 minutes, 59-fold, P<0. 01 versus baseline) and peptide (peak at 120 minutes, 11-fold, P<0. 01 versus baseline) in these isolated hearts. Newly induced vasopressin peptide was localized most prominently to endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells of arterioles and perivascular tissue using immunohistochemistry. In addition to pressure overload, nitric oxide (NO) participated in these alterations, because inhibition of NO synthase by Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester markedly depressed cardiac AVP mRNA and peptide induction. Immediate cardiac effects related to cardiac AVP induction in isolated, perfused, pressure-overloaded hearts appeared to be coronary vasoconstriction and impaired relaxation. These functional changes were observed in parallel with AVP induction and largely prevented by addition of a V1 receptor blocker (10(-8) mol/L [deamino-Pen1, O-Me-Tyr2, Arg8]-vasopressin) to the perfusion buffer. Even more interesting, pressure-overloaded, isolated hearts released the peptide into the coronary effluents, offering the potential for systemic actions of AVP from cardiac origin. We conclude that the heart, stressed by acute pressure overload or NO, expresses vasopressin in concentrations sufficient to cause local and potentially systemic effects. (+info)Role of nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in adrenomedullin-induced vasodilation in the rat. (5/20782)
We previously reported that adrenomedullin (AM), a potent vasodilator peptide discovered in pheochromocytoma cells, stimulates nitric oxide (NO) release in the rat kidney. To further investigate whether the NO-cGMP pathway is involved in the mechanisms of AM-induced vasodilation, we examined the effects of E-4021, a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on AM-induced vasorelaxation in aortic rings and perfused kidneys isolated from Wistar rats. We also measured NO release from the kidneys using a chemiluminescence assay. AM (10(-10) to 10(-7) mol/L) relaxed the aorta precontracted with phenylephrine in a dose-dependent manner. Denudation of endothelium (E) attenuated the vasodilatory action of AM (10(-7) mol/L AM: intact (E+) -25.7+/-5.2% versus denuded (E-) -7. 8+/-0.6%, P<0.05). On the other hand, pretreatment with 10(-8) mol/L E-4021 augmented AM-induced vasorelaxation in the intact aorta (-49. 0+/-7.9%, P<0.05) but not in the denuded one. E-4021 also enhanced acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation in the rat intact aorta (10(-7) mol/L ACh -36.6+/-8.4% versus 10(-8) mol/L E-4021+10(-7) mol/L ACh -62.7+/-3.1%, P<0.05). In perfused kidneys, AM-induced vasorelaxation was also augmented by preincubation with E-4021 (10(-9) mol/L AM -15.4+/-0.6% versus 10(-8) mol/L E-4021+10(-9) mol/L AM -23.6+/-1.2%, P<0.01). AM significantly increased NO release from rat kidneys (DeltaNO: +11.3+/-0.8 fmol. min-1. g-1 kidney at 10(-9) mol/L AM), which was not affected by E-4021. E-4021 enhanced ACh-induced vasorelaxation (10(-9) mol/L ACh -9.7+/-1.7% versus 10(-8) mol/L E-4021+10(-9) mol/L ACh -18.8+/-2.9%, P<0.01) but did not affect ACh-induced NO release from the kidneys. In the aorta and the kidney, 10(-4) mol/L of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an NO synthase inhibitor, and 10(-5) mol/L of methylene blue, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, reduced the vasodilatory effect of AM. These results suggest that the NO-cGMP pathway is involved in the mechanism of AM-induced vasorelaxation, at least in the rat aorta and kidney. (+info)Overexpression of CuZn superoxide dismutase protects RAW 264.7 macrophages against nitric oxide cytotoxicity. (6/20782)
Initiation of nitric oxide (NO.)-mediated apoptotic cell death in RAW 264.7 macrophages is associated with up-regulation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD; SOD2) and down-regulation of cytosolic copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD; SOD1) at their individual mRNA and protein levels. To evaluate the decreased CuZnSOD expression and the initiation of apoptosis we stably transfected macrophages to overexpress human CuZnSOD. Individual clones revealed a 2-fold increase in CuZnSOD activity. Expression of a functional and thus protective CuZnSOD was verified by attenuated superoxide (O2(.)-)-mediated apoptotic as well as necrotic cell death. In this study we showed that SOD-overexpressing macrophages (R-SOD1-12) were also protected against NO.-initiated programmed cell death. Protection was substantial towards NO. derived from exogenously added NO donors or when NO. was generated by inducible NO synthase activation, and was evident at the level of p53 accumulation, caspase activation and DNA fragmentation. Stimulation of parent and SOD-overexpressing cells with a combination of lipopolysaccharide and murine interferon gamma produced equivalent amounts of nitrite/nitrate, which ruled out attenuated inducible NO. synthase activity during protection. Because protection by a O2(.)--scavenging system during NO. -intoxication implies a role of NO. and O2(.)- in the progression of cell damage, we used uric acid to delineate the role of peroxynitrite during NO.-elicited apoptosis. The peroxynitrite scavenger uric acid left S-nitrosoglutathione or spermine-NO-elicited apoptosis unaltered, blocking only 3-morpholinosydnonimine-mediated cell death. As a result we exclude peroxynitrite from contributing, to any major extent, to NO. -mediated apoptosis. Therefore protection observed with CuZnSOD overexpression is unlikely to stem from interference with peroxynitrite formation and/or action. Unequivocally, the down-regulation of CuZnSOD is associated with NO. cytotoxicity, whereas CuZnSOD overexpression protects macrophages from apoptosis. (+info)Differential regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor fms-like-tyrosine kinase is mediated by nitric oxide in rat renal mesangial cells. (7/20782)
Under conditions associated with local and systemic inflammation, mesangial cells and invading immune cells are likely to be responsible for the release of large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) in the glomerulus. To further define the mechanisms of NO action in the glomerulus, we attempted to identify genes which are regulated by NO in rat glomerular mesangial cells. We identified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor fms-like tyrosine kinase (FLT-1) to be under the regulatory control of exogenously applied NO in these cells. Using S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) as an NO-donating agent, VEGF expression was strongly induced, whereas expression of its FLT-1 receptor simultaneously decreased. Expressional regulation of VEGF and FLT-1 mRNA was transient and occurred rapidly within 1-3 h after GSNO treatment. Expression of a second VEGF-specific receptor, fetal liver kinase-1 (FLK-1/KDR), could not be detected. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta mediated a moderate increase in VEGF expression after 24 h and had no influence on FLT-1 expression. In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor-BB and basic fibroblast growth factor had no effect on VEGF expression, but strongly induced FLT-1 mRNA levels. Obviously, there is a differential regulation of VEGF and its receptor FLT-1 by NO, cytokines and growth factors in rat mesangial cells. (+info)Role of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice as an experimental endotoxic shock model. (8/20782)
The role of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic injury was studied in D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-sensitized mice. The inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) was immunohistochemically detected on hepatocytes around blood vessels in livers of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS not on hepatocytes in mice injected with D-GalN or LPS alone, although mRNA for iNOS was found in those mice. Nitrotyrosine (NT) was also found in livers of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS. The localization of NT was consistent with that of iNOS, and the time courses of NT and iNOS expression were almost the same. Expression of iNOS and NT was detected exclusively in the hepatic lesions of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha neutralizing antibody inhibited iNOS and NT expression and hepatic injury. The results suggested that NO from iNOS may play a role in LPS-induced hepatic injury on D-GalN-sensitized mice as an experimental endotoxic shock model. (+info)
Decreased plasma nitric oxide metabolite levels in schizophrenia
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Plasma nitric oxide metabolite levels are decreased in pre-eclamptic women complicated with fetal distress<...
Lipopolysaccharide induces nitric oxide synthase expression and platelet-activating factor increases nitric oxide production in...
Cervical nitric oxide metabolite levels and clinical variables as predictive factors of high-grade cervical intraepithelial...
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Acetate Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Production Through an Anti-Oxidative Mechanism in Cultured Primary...
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Nitric oxide[edit]. Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) selectively widens the lung's arteries which allows for more blood flow to open ... there is no evidence that inhaled nitric oxide decreases morbidity and mortality in people with ARDS.[20] Furthermore, nitric ... "Effect of nitric oxide on oxygenation and mortality in acute lung injury: systematic review and meta-analysis". BMJ (Clinical ... "Inhaled nitric oxide does not reduce mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome regardless of severity: ...
Pulmonary hypertension
Nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase pathway[edit]. In normal conditions, the vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase ... Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP in cell signaling and drug development". The New England Journal of Medicine. 355 (19): 2003-11. ... This nitric oxide diffuses into neighboring cells (including vascular smooth muscle cells and platelets), where it increases ... or nitric oxide are considered vasoreactive.[68] Of these, only half of the patients are responsive to calcium channel blockers ...
Endothelial dysfunction
Nitric oxide[edit]. This section needs more medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. ... Gilani M, Kaiser DR, Bratteli CW, Alinder C, Rajala Bank AJ, Cohn JN (2007). "Role of nitric oxide deficiency and its detection ... Nitric oxide (NO) suppresses platelet aggregation, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular smooth muscle cell migration and ... such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelin, and controlling local angiotensin-II activity.[1][2] ...
Granule cell
Nitric oxide. Granule neurons have high levels of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase. This enzyme is dependent on ... the presence of calcium and is responsible for the production of nitric oxide (NO). This neurotransmitter is a negative ...
Erection
... role of nitric oxide pathway". Nitric Oxide. 16 (1): 54-63. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2006.05.004. PMID 16828320. Williams, Warwick, ... in turn causes release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells in the trabecular arteries. Nitric oxide diffuses to the smooth ... Physiologically, erection is triggered by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, causing nitric oxide (a ... the role of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase pathways". BJU Int. 99 (1): 177-182. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06530.x. PMID ...
12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid
Nitric Oxide. 16 (1): 150-6. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2006.07.004. PMID 16978891.. ...
Louis Ignarro
He is the founder of the Nitric Oxide Society, and founder and editor-in-chief of Nitric Oxide Biology and Chemistry.[3] ... Formation of free nitric oxide from Larginine by nitric oxide synthase: direct enhancement of generation by superoxide ... Nitric oxide inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase by interacting with the heme prosthetic group: role of tetrahydrobiopterin ... who demonstrated that nitric oxide elevates cyclic GMP levels. Ignarro then speculated that nitric oxide could be the key to ...
Roussin's black salt
... is a nitric oxide donor. The nitric oxide donated by Roussin's Black Salt has proven to be toxic to some ... Nitric Oxide. 10 (1): 42-50. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2004.01.009.. ... Nitric oxide (NO⋅; nitrogen monoxide). *Nitrosonium (NO+; ...
Effects of cannabis
Nitric Oxide. 111-112: 45-63. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001. H.K. Kalant; W.H.E. Roschlau (1998). Principles of Medical ... and nitrogen oxides, but lower levels of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study found that directly ...
Agmatine
Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis modulation. Both differential inhibition and activation of NO synthase (NOS) isoforms is reported. ... Satriano J (July 2004). "Arginine pathways and the inflammatory response: interregulation of nitric oxide and polyamines: ... Nitric Oxide. 35: 65-71. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2013.08.005. PMC 3844099. PMID 23994446. Demady DR, Jianmongkol S, Vuletich JL, ... nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and polyamine metabolism and this provides bases for further research into potential applications. ...
Cannabidiol
Nitric Oxide. 111-112: 45-63. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001. Russo EB (February 2008). "Cannabinoids in the management of ...
Carbon monoxide
Li, L; Hsu, A; Moore, PK (2009). "Actions and interactions of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide in the ... Uehara EU, Shida Bde S, de Brito CA (2015). "Role of nitric oxide in immune responses against viruses: beyond microbicidal ... ISBN 978-0-471-72018-8. "A brief history of carbon monoxide and its therapeutic origins". Nitric Oxide. 111-112: 45-63. 2021-06 ... the other two being nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide), carbon monoxide has received a great deal of clinical attention as a ...
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Nitric Oxide. 111-112: 45-63. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001. Julian, Misopogon 341C-D Geiling, Natasha. "The (Still) ... Carbon monoxide causes endothelial cell and platelet release of nitric oxide, and the formation of oxygen free radicals ... Haldane J (1895). "The action of carbonic oxide on man" (PDF). The Journal of Physiology. 18 (5-6): 430-62. doi:10.1113/ ...
Charcoal-burning suicide
Nitric Oxide. 111-112: 45-63. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001. "Father Arsene did cut his stick; that evening, he and his old ...
Roussin's black salt
... is a nitric oxide donor. Also, Roussin's Black Salt exhibits antibacterial activity in some food ... Nitric Oxide. 10 (1): 42-50. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2004.01.009. PMID 15050534. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). ...
Factitious airs
September 2016). "The emerging role of gasotransmitters in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis". Nitric Oxide. 59: 28-41. doi: ... Nitric Oxide. 111-112: 45-63. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001. Cavendish H (31 December 1766). "XIX. Three papers, containing ... Names used for factitious airs may have included:[citation needed] factitious air nitrous oxide (Davy) hydrogen (Boyle) and ...
Gypenoside
"The direct release of nitric oxide by gypenosides derived from the herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum". Nitric Oxide. 3 (5): 359-365 ...
Katrina Miranda
Nitric oxide is synthesised in the body when L-Arginine enzymatically oxidises. Miranda looked at what happens when nitric ... She works on nitric oxide and their role in diseases like breast cancer, stroke and chronic pain. Miranda studied chemistry at ... She demonstrated that nitric oxide can modify how enzymes bind to metal centres. She studied the reactivity of azanone to ... She published the textbook Chemical Biology of Nitric Oxide in 2008. Her research group attach chemical moieties that can ...
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules
Nitric Oxide. 89: 93-95. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2019.05.006. PMID 31125687. Wilson JL, Jesse HE, Poole RK, Davidge KS (May 2012). " ... Carbon monoxide is one of three gaseous signaling molecules alongside nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide. These gases are ... Nitric Oxide. 111-112: 45-63. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001. Different design of enzyme-triggered CO-releasing molecules (ET- ... nitric oxide synthase) and ineffective erythropoiesis in bone marrow. The formation of CO from lipid peroxidation was first ...
High affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1
"Rate of transport of l-arginine is independent of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in HEK 293 cells". Nitric ... Oxide. 12 (1): 21-30. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2004.11.001. hdl:2299/1712. PMID 15631944. Yang Z, Venardos K, Jones E, Morris BJ, ...
Hormesis
Nitric Oxide. 111-112: 45-63. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001. Radak, Zsolt; Chung, Hae Y.; Koltai, Erika; Taylor, Albert W.; ...
Cleopatra
Nitric Oxide. 111-112: 45-63. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001. ISSN 1089-8603. PMID 33838343. Roller (2010), p. 149. Burstein ( ...
Heme oxygenase
HO-1 is induced by countless molecules including heavy metals, statins, paclitaxel, rapamycin, probucol, nitric oxide, ... Nitric Oxide. 111-112: 45-63. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001. Heme+Oxygenase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical ... nitric oxide synthase) and ineffective erythropoiesis in bone marrow. HO enzymes are degraded via ubiquitination. In humans ...
Saliva testing
... nitric oxide synthase. An alternative pathway for the generation of nitric oxide is the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in ... A necessary and obligatory step in the generation of nitric oxide by the non-nitric oxide synthase or alternative pathway ... a biomarker for nitric oxide status (see below for Cardiovascular Disease, Nitric Oxide: a salivary biomarker for cardio- ... A principal source of dietary inorganic nitrate, which is reduced to nitric oxide in the body, is from leafy green vegetables. ...
Bee smoker
Nitric Oxide. 111-112: 45-63. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001. Synnott, Mark (July 2017). "The Last Death-Defying Honey Hunter ...
Claude Louis Berthollet
Nitric Oxide. 111-112: 45-63. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001. "Napoleon replies: "How comes it, then, that Laplace was an ...
MTORC1
Nitric Oxide. 55-56: 45-53. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2016.03.003. PMC 4860108. PMID 26989010. Ho AD, Wagner W, Mahlknecht U (Jul 2005 ...
Death of Cleopatra
"A brief history of carbon monoxide and its therapeutic origins". Nitric Oxide. 111-112: 45-63. 2021-06-01. doi:10.1016/j.niox. ...
N-myristoyltransferase 1
Liu J, Sessa WC (1994). "Identification of covalently bound amino-terminal myristic acid in endothelial nitric oxide synthase ...
Indinavir
Inhibits urinary nitrous oxide production and may inhibit nitric oxide production.. *Renal abnormalities, sterile leukocyturia ... C at which it starts to emit toxic vapors such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. ...
Group 3 element
... partially decomposed a sample of cerium nitrate by roasting it in air and then treating the resulting oxide with dilute nitric ... Scandium(III) oxide, yttrium(III) oxide, lanthanum(III) oxide and lutetium(III) oxide are white high-temperature-melting solids ... Yttrium(III) oxide and lutetium(III) oxide exhibit weak basic character, but scandium(III) oxide is amphoteric.[48] Lanthanum( ... The elements, after purification from other rare-earth metals, are isolated as oxides; the oxides are converted to fluorides ...
Hypoxicator
Manukhina EB, Downey HF, Mallet RT (April 2006). "Role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular adaptation to intermittent hypoxia". ...
Acne
Particles that release nitric oxide into the skin to decrease skin inflammation caused by C. acnes and the immune system have ...
Substance P
... -induced vasodilatation is dependent on nitric oxide release.[17] Substance P is involved in the axon reflex- ...
Agmatin
Regunathan S, Piletz JE: Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and agmatine synthesis in macrophages and astrocytes. ... Role of nitric oxide in additive anticonvulsant effects of agmatine and morphine. Physiol Behav. 2013 May 14;118C:52-57. doi: ...
Senarai reka cipta pada zaman pertengahan Islam Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas
... oxide (Isfidaj), copper acetate (Zaniar), copper(II) oxide (CuO), lead sulfide, zinc oxide, bismuth oxide, antimony oxide, iron ... untuk membuat nitric acid dan oleh al-Razi dan yang lain. Saltpeter telah digelar "natrun" tetapi juga mempunyai gelaran lain ... Ahmad Y Hassan, Lustre Glass and Lazaward And Zaffer Cobalt Oxide In Islamic And Western Lustre Glass And Ceramics, History of ... oxide (PbO), red lead (Pb3O4), tin(II) ...
GHB receptor - Википедија
... γ-hydroxybutyrate receptor function studied by the modulation of nitric oxide synthase activity in rat frontal cortex punches ...
Premazepam
Nitric oxide. *Nitrogen. *Nitrous oxide. *Norflurane. *Paraldehyde. *Propane. *Propylene. *Roflurane. *Sevoflurane. *Synthane ...
List of inorganic compounds
Manganese(IV) oxide (manganese dioxide) - MnO2. *Manganese(II,III) oxide - Mn3O4 ... Nitric acid - HNO3. *Nitrous acid - HNO2. *Nitrogen dioxide - NO2 ... Promethium(III) oxide - Pm2O3. R[edit]. Ra[edit]. *Radium ...
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
He thought the compound had a heptoxdiazine structure (Figure 7) but it was later determined to be a quinazoline-3-oxide. ...
Herbal tea
... an anti-inflammatory agent inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by blocking RelA/p65 activity". International ...
Natrium nitrit bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Formation of Donors of Nitric and Nitrous Oxides and Possible Relevance to Nitrous Oxide Formation by Nitric Oxide Synthase". ... Nitric Oxide. 2 (4): 270-86. doi:10.1006/niox.1998.0187. PMID 9851368.. ... Southan, G; Srinivasan, A (1998). "Nitrogen Oxides and Hydroxyguanidines: ...
ചൊവ്വ - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
100 ppm nitric oxide. 15 ppm molecular hydrogen[7]. 2.5 ppm Neon. 850 ppb HDO. 300 ppb Krypton. 130 ppb formaldehyde. 80 ppb ...
High-altitude cerebral edema
Vasodilation is caused by the release of nitric oxide and adenosine.[12] This in turn can increase vascular permeability and ... Another theory about the cause of HACE is that hypoxia may induce nitrous oxide synthase.[24] ...
Tellurium dioxide
Mercury(II) oxide (HgO). *Nickel(II) oxide (NiO). *Nitric oxide (NO) ... Tellurium dioxide (TeO2) is a solid oxide of tellurium. It is encountered in two different forms, the yellow orthorhombic ... additions of a second compound such as an oxide or halide. TeO2 glasses have high refractive indices and transmit into the mid- ... which marks TeO2 glass as distinct from the canonical single-oxide glass-formers such as SiO2, which share the same short-range ...
Peroxisome
It has been demonstrated that peroxisomes generate superoxide (O2•−) and nitric oxide (•NO) radicals.[10][11] ... Corpas FJ, Barroso JB, del Río LA (Apr 2001). "Peroxisomes as a source of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide signal ... "Functional implications of peroxisomal nitric oxide (NO) in plants". Frontiers in Plant Science. 5: 97. doi:10.3389/fpls. ... "Cellular and subcellular localization of endogenous nitric oxide in young and senescent pea plants". Plant Physiology. 136 (1 ...
Silane
Iron(II) oxide. *Magnesium monohydride cation. *Methylidyne radical. *Nitric oxide. *Nitrogen (molecular) ...
Yohimbine
... such as nitric oxide and norepinephrine. Whereas nitric oxide released in the corpus cavernosum is the major vasodilator ... Under physiologic conditions, however, nitric oxide attenuates norepinephrine vasoconstriction.[46] Botanical sources of ...
Scutellaria
Research also shows that Scutellaria root modulates inflammatory activity in vitro to inhibit nitric oxide (NO), cytokine, ...
Superoxide dismutase
Corpas FJ, Barroso JB, del Río LA (Apr 2001). "Peroxisomes as a source of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide signal ... or with another biological radical such as nitric oxide (NO) or with a transition-series metal. The superoxide anion radical (O ...
Diesel fuel
As biodiesel contains low levels of sulfur, the emissions of sulfur oxides and sulfates, major components of acid rain, are low ... Poor quality diesel fuel has been used as an extraction agent for liquid-liquid extraction of palladium from nitric acid ... into mono-nitrogen oxides NO and NO. 2, collectively known as NOx, due to the high temperature and pressure. While naturally ... such as nitrogen oxide (NOx) adsorbers (still under development), to reduce emissions. Moreover, sulfur in the fuel is oxidized ...
Chemistry
Most radicals are comparatively reactive, but some, such as nitric oxide (NO) can be stable. ... In a blast furnace, iron oxide, a compound, reacts with carbon monoxide to form iron, one of the chemical elements, and carbon ... Davy discovered nine new elements including the alkali metals by extracting them from their oxides with electric current.[68] ... Solutions of substances in reagent bottles, including ammonium hydroxide and nitric acid, illuminated in different colors ...
پرتو کیهانی - ویکیپدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
Iron(II) oxide. *Magnesium monohydride cation. *Methylidyne radical. *Nitric oxide. *Nitrogen (molecular) ...
RNA world
Iron(II) oxide. *Magnesium monohydride cation. *Methylidyne radical. *Nitric oxide. *Nitrogen (molecular) ...
Pentamidine
Nitric oxide signaling modulators. Forms. *Nitroxyl anion (NO−; oxonitrate(1-), hyponitrite anion) ...
Proteasome
... and prostaglandins and nitric oxide (NO).[123] Additionally, the UPS also plays a role in inflammatory responses as regulators ...
Nikotin - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
"Nitric oxide mediates a therapeutic effect of nicotine in ulcerative colitis". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 14 (11): 1429-34. PMID ...
Zeldovich mechanism
Lavoie, G. A., Heywood, J. B., Keck, J. C. (1970). Experimental and theoretical study of nitric oxide formation in internal ...
Nitric Oxide
... and Vasodilation etc.. In 1986 it was shown that Nitric Oxide causes vasodilation -- this appears to be why ... Newborn Infants with respiratory problems might be helped by Nitric Oxide *Air Pollution can contain enough Nitric Oxide to ... And the Nitric Oxide Home Page, while a little daunting, is a good clearing house for information about NO. Below are a few ... Nitric Oxide is also the transmitter that results in engorgement of the sexual organs -- the drug Viagra has its effect on the ...
Nitric oxide -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Nitric oxide. Nitric oxide (NO), also called nitrogen monoxide, colourless toxic gas that is formed by the oxidation of ... The formation of nitric oxide from nitric acid and mercury is applied in a volumetric method of analysis for nitric acid or its ... The body synthesizes nitric oxide from the amino acid L-arginine by means of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase. ... Nitric oxide is essential to the achievement of an erection. During sexual stimulation, nitric oxide released within the penis ...
Nitric oxide
Kim, Y.B.; Stephan, K.; Mark, E.; Mark, T.D., Single and double ionization of nitric oxide by electron impact from threshold up ... Reiser, G.; Habenicht, W.; Muller-Dethlefs, K.; Schlag, E.W., The ionization energy of nitric oxide, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1988, ... Cloutier, G.G.; Schiff, H.I., Electron impact study of nitric oxide using a modified retarding potential difference method, J. ... Erman, P.; Karawajczyk, A.; Rachlew-Kallne, E.; Stromholm, C., Photoionization and photodissociation of nitric oxide in the ...
Patent US5603820 - Nitric oxide sensor - Google Patents
... as well as a method of preparing and using such an electrode sensor to measure nitric oxide concentration in solution. A nitric ... platinum mesh or tin indium oxide layered on glass, can also be employed when measurement of NO concentration in chemical media ... oxide (NO) microsensor based on catalytic oxidation of NO comprises a thermally-sharpened carbon fiber with a tip diameter of ... An electrode sensor which may be used to specifically and quantitatively measure nitric oxide is provided, ...
Dropbox - Nitric Oxide.m4a - Simplify your life
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards -
Nitric oxide
The nitric oxide system in insects. - PubMed - NCBI
Nitric Oxide Proves a Potent Pollutant - Scientific American
Now they have more bad news about nitric oxide, which appears in this weeks issue of the Journal of the American Chemical ... This time, Garvey and his co-workers examined the pairing of nitric oxide with another alcohol, ethanol, and found that the ... In addition, they discovered that the reactive site between a positively charged nitric oxide ion and an alcohol will vary ... "It turns out nitric acid is insidious because it engages in more than simple bimolecular reactions," Garvey said. "It has its ...
Nitric oxide | Definition of Nitric oxide at Dictionary.com
... formed by the action of dilute nitric acid on copper, and by the direct combination of atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen at the ... high temperatures of an electric arc: an intermediate in the manufacture of nitric acid. See more. ... Nitric oxide definition, a colorless, slightly water-soluble gas, NO, ... nitric oxide. nitrazepam, nitre, nitric, nitric acid, nitric bacteria, nitric oxide, nitridation, nitride, nitriding, nitriding ...
L-arginine, Nitric Oxide And Sexual Health
This article will show you how nitric oxide (a dangerous free radical) and L-arginine (an essential amino acid) are critical ... Nitric Oxide Synthesis or NOS. The creation of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine depends on a family of enzymes called nitric ... Nitric Oxide as a Biological Signaling Molecule. For this section of the article I will refer to nitric oxide in bold caps as ... The same can be said for nitric oxide (NO). Outside the body, nitric oxide is considered an environmental pollutant. It is ...
Nitric oxide - New World Encyclopedia
Nitric oxide is also generated by macrophages and neutrophils as part of the human immune response. Nitric oxide is toxic to ... In plants, nitric oxide can be produced by any of four routes: (i) nitric oxide synthase (as in animals), (ii) by plasma ... Nitric oxide is a key biological messenger, playing a role in a variety of biological process. Nitric oxide, known as the ... Nitric oxide can also be used for detecting surface radicals on polymers. Quenching of surface radicals with nitric oxide ...
How Could Nitric Oxide Treat Severe COVID-19?
Nitric oxide (NO) has the potential to be used to treat severe COVID-19 as it is a vasodilator, improving lung gas exchange and ... How Could Nitric Oxide Treat Severe COVID-19?. News-Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/health/How-Could-Nitric-Oxide-Treat- ... Nitric oxide improves the PaO2/FiO2 ratio by enhancing oxygen transfer in the lungs through vasodilation. As a gaseous molecule ... How can the effects of nitric oxide be assessed?. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio is the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to ...
Nitric oxide in biological systems | SpringerLink
Against a background of a general description of the action of the free radical gas nitric oxide (NO), some of its close ... Nitric oxide in biological systems. *Yaacov Y. Leshem1 Plant Growth Regulation volume 18, pages 155-159 (1996)Cite this ... Nitric acid and nitric oxide reduction in Paracoccus denitrifrians. FEBS Lett 360: 151-154 ... Against a background of a general description of the action of the free radical gas nitric oxide (NO), some of its close ...
Nitric Oxide Blog Posts
Cellular signaling with nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. - PubMed - NCBI
Proteins matched: Nitric oxide synthase, N-terminal (IPR004030) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Proteins matched: Nitric oxide synthase, N-terminal (IPR004030) This domain is found in the following proteins: Showing 1 to 20 ... Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial. Ovis aries (Sheep). Loading... P79290 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible. Sus scrofa (Pig). ... Nitric oxide synthase, brain. Homo sapiens (Human). Loading... P29476 3D Nitric oxide synthase, brain. Rattus norvegicus (Rat) ... Nitric oxide synthase, inducible. Mus musculus (Mouse). Loading... P35228 3D Nitric oxide synthase, inducible. Homo sapiens ( ...
Patent US7417109 - Polymers for delivering nitric oxide in vivo - Google Patents
The polymers of the present invention can be used to coat medical devices to deliver nitric oxide in vivo to treatment sites. ... Nitric oxide-releasing particles for nitric oxide therapeutics and biomedical applications. US8591876. Dec 14, 2011. Nov 26, ... Nitric oxide-releasing particles for nitric oxide therapeutics and biomedical applications. US8962029. Aug 30, 2013. Feb 24, ... Nitric oxide-releasing particles for nitric oxide therapeutics and biomedical applications. US8981139. Aug 26, 2013. Mar 17, ...
Nitric Oxide
nitric oxide (NO) monitoring
Results for nitric oxide (no) monitoring equipment from Bedfont, ESC, Procal and other leading brands. Compare and contact a ... Nitric Oxide Monitor. The Model 410 Nitric Oxide Monitor is designed for the measurement of atmospheric nitric oxide (NO) in ... Nitric Oxide Calibration Source. The Model 408 Nitric Oxide Calibration Source is a portable source of nitric oxide that allows ... Bedfont - Model NObreath - Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FENO) Monitoring System. A fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) ...
What is Nitric Oxide Synthase? (with pictures)
Nitric oxide synthase is a small molecule with a double covalent bond between nitrogen and oxygen atoms. In most cases, nitric ... Its production in epithelial cells is controlled by epithelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Nitric oxide synthase is bound in ... Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is employed by the body to stall the growth of cells in gastric epithelial, breast, and ... It is produced in the human body by a two-step synthesis from the amino acid arginine, catalyzed by the enzyme nitric oxide ...
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase | IntechOpen
... regulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis that has dual biological activities: as an important signalling molecule in ... After discovery of nitric oxide as a biological mediator many researchers have focused on the importance of nitric oxide in the ... Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), a flavo‐hemoprotein, regulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis that has dual biological activities: as ... Kourosh Masoumeh Arami, Behnam Jameie and Seyed Akbar Moosavi (May 17th 2017). Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase, Nitric Oxide ...
Nitric oxide synthase - definition of Nitric oxide synthase by The Free Dictionary
Nitric oxide synthase synonyms, Nitric oxide synthase pronunciation, Nitric oxide synthase translation, English dictionary ... definition of Nitric oxide synthase. n. See synthetase. n an enzyme that catalyses a process of synthesis ... redirected from Nitric oxide synthase). Also found in: Medical, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.. Related to Nitric oxide ... BH4 is a cofactor for creating nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes necessary for creating nitric oxide (Alp, 2004).. Per ...
Nitric oxide : biochemistry, molecular biology, and therapeutic implications (eBook, 1995) [WorldCat.org]
Nitric oxide : biochemistry, molecular biology, and therapeutic implications. [Louis J Ignarro; Ferid Murad;] -- Each volume of ... oxide_chemistry> # Nitric Oxide--chemistry a schema:Intangible ;. schema:name "Nitric Oxide--chemistry"@en ;. . ... oxide_pharmacology> # Nitric Oxide--pharmacology a schema:Intangible ;. schema:name "Nitric Oxide--pharmacology"@en ;. . ... oxide> # Nitric oxide a schema:Intangible ;. schema:name "Nitric oxide"@en ;. . ...
Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Interplay in Diabetic Endothelial Dysfunction
Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Interplay in Diabetic Endothelial Dysfunction. Alessandra Magenta,1 Simona Greco,2 Maurizio ... M. Federici, A. Pandolfi, E. A. de Filippis et al., "G972R IRS-1 variant impairs insulin regulation of endothelial nitric oxide ... J. Rosati, F. Spallotta, S. Nanni et al., "Smad-interacting protein-1 and microRNA 200 family define a nitric oxide-dependent ... C. Napoli and L. J. Ignarro, "Nitric oxide and pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of vascular diseases," ...
Perspectives on the N-Methyl- D -Aspartate/Nitric Oxide Cascade and Opioid Tolerance | Neuropsychopharmacology
Blockade of nitric oxide synthase has similar effects on opioid tolerance, preventing morphine and delta tolerance but not that ... Opioid tolerance can be modulated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate/nitric oxixde (NMDA/NO) cascade. Evidence exploring a daily ... Perspectives on the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/Nitric Oxide Cascade and Opioid Tolerance. *Gavril W Pasternak MD, Ph.D. 1. , ... Blockade of nitric oxide synthase has similar effects on opioid tolerance, preventing morphine and delta tolerance but not that ...
Nitric Oxide - DrugBank
Nitric oxide (NO) should not be confused with nitrous oxide (N2O), a general anaesthetic, or with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) which ... The nitric oxide molecule is a free radical, which is relevant to understanding its high reactivity. It reacts with the ozone ... Nitric oxide or Nitrogen monoxide is a chemical compound with chemical formula NO. This gas is an important signaling molecule ... Nitric Oxide Nitrogen Mix. Nitric Oxide (5 mL/1L) + Nitrogen (955 mL/1L). Gas. Respiratory (inhalation). Airgas Specialty Gases ...
Nitric oxide - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It is used in making nitric acid from ammonia. The ammonia is reacted with air to make nitric oxide. The nitric oxide is ... The nitrogen dioxide is dissolved in water to make nitric acid and more nitric oxide. ... Nitric oxide also known as nitrogen monoxide is a chemical compound. It contains nitrogen in its +2 oxidation state. It has the ... Nitric oxide is toxic when breathed in. It also easily is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide, a toxic brown choking substance. ...
Chemical Database: Nitric oxide (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)
This page contains information on the chemical Nitric oxide including: 70 synonyms/identifiers; U.S. Code of Federal ... Nitric Oxide*Nitric oxide 10% by volume or more*Nitric oxide anion*Nitric oxide, compressed*NITRIC-OXIDE*Nitrogen hypoxide* ... Nitrous oxide. No. No. 1070. 122. Nitrous oxide, compressed. No. No. 1660. 124. Nitric oxide. Yes. No. 1660. 124. Nitric oxide ... Nitrogen oxide*Nitrogen oxide (NO) *Nitrogen oxide (NO) [QR]*Nitrogen oxide cation*Nitrogen oxide [QR]*Nitrogen oxide, ion* ...
Duke Researchers Link Nitric Oxide, Vessel Health - Innovations Report
In their pilot study, the researchers linked the systemic production of nitric oxide, a chemical known to play a key role in ... "The group of healthy participants was the only one that saw an increase in systemic nitric oxide during the recovery period ... "This is the first study to attempt to link whole body production of nitric oxide with regional endothelial function," said ... Allen then sought to discover whether a sustained program of exercise had any effect on nitric oxide production and reactivity ...
SynthaseSignaling moleculeAbstractInducibleOxygenRole of nitricBenefits of Nitric OxideAcidSupplementsLevels of nitric oxideInterest in nitric oxideEndotheliumOxide's roleMake nitric oxideProduce nitric oxidePhysiologyNitrousEnhancing nitric oxide'sArginineBlood vesselsENOSFractional exhaled nitric oxideSynthasesCardiovascularNitrogen monoxideMethods and ProtocolsInflammationControl of nitric oxideGaseous nitric oxideNeuronsFree radicalSupplementPulmonaryPollutantHumansRelease of nitric oxidePresence of nitric oxideNitrateEnhance nitric oxideBody'sPathwaysMetabolismInhibitorsBacteriaColorlessAtherosclerosisReactiveConcentrationsPhysiological and pathologicalGuanylate CyclaseProductionLong-term potentiPhotoelectron spectroscopyEndothelial functionAmounts of nitricMolecularArteriesBiological
Synthase34
- The body synthesizes nitric oxide from the amino acid L-arginine by means of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase. (britannica.com)
- Nitric oxide (NO) is a biological messenger synthesized by three main isoforms of NO synthase (NOS): neuronal (nNOS, constitutive calcium dependent), endothelial (eNOS, constitutive, calcium dependent) and inducible (iNOS, calcium independent). (nih.gov)
- Nitric oxide, known as the endothelium-derived relaxing factor, or EDRF, is biosynthesized from arginine and oxygen by various nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes and by reduction of inorganic nitrate. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- In plants, nitric oxide can be produced by any of four routes: (i) nitric oxide synthase (as in animals), (ii) by plasma membrane-bound nitrate reductase, (iii) by mitochondrial electron transport chain, or (iv) by non enzymatic reactions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- It is produced in the human body by a two-step synthesis from the amino acid arginine , catalyzed by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). (wisegeek.com)
- Its production in epithelial cells is controlled by epithelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). (wisegeek.com)
- Nitric oxide synthase is bound in the cell's membrane on the cytoplasm side or in the membranes of various organelles. (wisegeek.com)
- Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is employed by the body to stall the growth of cells in gastric epithelial, breast, and brain tumors . (wisegeek.com)
- Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is continuously recycled to produce NO, as the NO is stable for mere seconds before being neutralized by water molecules. (wisegeek.com)
- Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase are neuroprotective, as they reduce the availability of the free radical NO. Compounds in this class include hydrophilic vitamin C and hydrophobic Vitamin E. These and other molecules have been investigated with the hope of slowing neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease. (wisegeek.com)
- One fear is that by decreasing the activity of nitric oxide synthase, neurons may be protected but memories may be lost. (wisegeek.com)
- Nitric oxide is produced endogenously by three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isozymes. (els.net)
- Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), a flavo‐hemoprotein, regulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis that has dual biological activities: as an important signalling molecule in vasodilatation and neurotransmission at low concentrations and at higher concentrations as a defensive cytotoxin. (intechopen.com)
- The present study showed that vitamin D levels were deficient in schizophrenics and had an inverse correlation between vitamin D levels, thyroid antibodies, inflammatory markers and homocysteine levels while positive correlation between nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase and glutathione. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Acute amelioration of diabetic endothelial dysfunction with a derivative of the nitric oxide synthase cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Nitric oxide synthase and the lower urinary tract: possible implications forphysiology and pathophysiology. (thefreedictionary.com)
- A common variant in exon 7 of the endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene: Identification by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Disruption of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene affects ovulation, fertilization and early embryo survival in a knockout mouse model," Reproduction, vol. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Folic acid prevents nitroglycerin-induced nitric oxide synthase dysfunction and nitrate tolerance: a human in vivo study. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Nitric Oxide Synthase in human breast cancer is associated with tumor grade, proliferation rate and expression of progesterone receptors. (thefreedictionary.com)
- BH4 is a cofactor for creating nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes necessary for creating nitric oxide (Alp, 2004). (thefreedictionary.com)
- G972R IRS-1 variant impairs insulin regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in cultured human endothelial cells," Circulation , vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 399-405, 2004. (hindawi.com)
- Blockade of nitric oxide synthase has similar effects on opioid tolerance, preventing morphine and delta tolerance but not that of kappa drugs. (nature.com)
- Nitro-L-arginine, which blocks nitric oxide synthase, can also block the facilitation of consolidation caused by the nitric oxide donor L-arginine. (nih.gov)
- The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor per se in different doses had no action on the learning of a passive avoidance task. (nih.gov)
- Within cells, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) catalyses the conversion of arginine to citrulline and NO in the presence of molecular oxygen, tetrahydrobiopterin, NADPH and flavin cofactors. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Background- Polymorphisms in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene may influence the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD), but data from published studies with individually low statistical power are conflicting. (ahajournals.org)
- Terms used for the search (which were all MeSH terms) were "nitric oxide synthase," "ischemic heart disease," "coronary heart disease," and "myocardial infarction" combined with "genetic," "polymorphism," "mutation," or "genes. (ahajournals.org)
- Although the nitric oxide molecule is the true culprit - it interrupts the destructive chemical pathway launched by an antibiotic - Nudler believes the best offense against bacteria will be attacking the compound's production site, known as nitric oxide synthase , or NOS. (scienceline.org)
- Niacin: This promotes the formation of nitric synthase, a substance that raises the baseline levels of NO. (ncrtec.org)
- Resveratrol: This is a flavonoid that can stimulate NO2 synthase enzyme as well as stimulate the production of nitric oxide. (ncrtec.org)
- "Vitamin D enhances the production of the enzyme eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) in the inner layer of blood vessels, the endothelium," explained Olena Andrukhova - who led the research. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- 8 The production of NO in humans occurs when L-arginine is converted to L-citrulline, in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). (scielo.br)
- Mycobacterial extracts can stimulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) gene transcription. (rupress.org)
Signaling molecule9
- Though it is a toxic gas at high concentrations, nitric oxide functions as an important signaling molecule in animals. (britannica.com)
- Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammation. (nih.gov)
- Nitric oxide is the first gas discovered to act as a signaling molecule, a transmitter of important signals to cells in various systems of the human body. (dictionary.com)
- Thus, it was with great skepticism from the scientific community, when nitric oxide was identified as the most important signaling molecule in the body. (selfgrowth.com)
- The chemical compound nitric oxide is a gas with formula N O . It is an important signaling molecule in the body of mammals , including humans -one of the few gaseous signaling molecules known. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Nitric oxide or Nitrogen monoxide is a chemical compound with chemical formula NO. This gas is an important signaling molecule in the body of mammals including humans and is an extremely important intermediate in the chemical industry. (drugbank.ca)
- In mammals, including humans, nitric oxide is a signaling molecule in many physiological and pathological processes. (wikipedia.org)
- Nitric oxide is a vital signaling molecule for our cardiovascular health. (drhoffman.com)
- In fact, the use of nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system culminated in a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for Dr. Robert Furchgott, Dr. Louis J. Ignore and Dr. Ferid Murad in 1998. (facingacne.com)
Abstract1
- ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to establish the effects of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) system with sintered metal substrate on the concentrations and size distributions of nano and ultrafine aerosols and concentrations of nitric oxides in underground mine air. (cdc.gov)
Inducible2
- In humans, nitric oxide is produced from L-arginine by three enzymes called nitric oxide synthases (NOS): inducible (iNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and neuronal (nNOS). (wikipedia.org)
- Nitric oxide (NO) generated through the cytokine-inducible pathway has been increasingly recognized to play an important role in immune regulation in models of autoimmune disease and T cell tolerance ( 17 )( 18 )( 19 )( 20 )( 21 ). (rupress.org)
Oxygen23
- Nitric oxide is formed from nitrogen and oxygen by the action of electric sparks or high temperatures or, more conveniently, by the action of dilute nitric acid upon copper or mercury . (britannica.com)
- a colorless, slightly water-soluble gas, NO, formed by the action of dilute nitric acid on copper, and by the direct combination of atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen at the high temperatures of an electric arc: an intermediate in the manufacture of nitric acid. (dictionary.com)
- In the body, nitric oxide is involved in oxygen transport to the tissues, the transmission of nerve impulses, and other physiological activities. (dictionary.com)
- When nitric oxide is discharged into the atmosphere from power plants, it reacts with oxygen to create the corrosive gas nitrogen dioxide (NO2). (selfgrowth.com)
- Nitric oxide improves the P a O 2 /F i O 2 ratio by enhancing oxygen transfer in the lungs through vasodilation. (news-medical.net)
- O2 Derm Silk is a pure and simple gel, abundantly rich in molecular oxygen and nitrous oxide. (blogarama.com)
- Nitric acid (NO) is a small molecule with a double covalent bond between nitrogen and oxygen atoms. (wisegeek.com)
- A study to be published in the October edition of Hypertension Research reveals Pycnogenol, (pic-noj-en-all), an antioxidant plant extract from the bark of the French maritime pine tree, helps individuals by enhancing healthy nitric oxide (NO) production which leads to an increase in blood flow and oxygen supply to muscles. (eurekalert.org)
- Nitric oxide, a key cardiovascular chemical produced by the body, increases blood flow that serves to deliver more nutrients and oxygen to the muscles, helping muscles to cope with increased physical activity and build when subjected to regular elevated labor. (eurekalert.org)
- This review article aims to integrate some early and remarkable discoveries in the field, with more recent developments that helped to define a causative role of oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite in human physiology and pathology. (pnas.org)
- Nitric oxide appears to increase the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) by dilating pulmonary vessels in better entilated areas of the lung, redistributing pulmonary blood flow away from lung regions with low ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratios toward regions with normal ratios. (drugbank.ca)
- It is believed that these patients produce more oxygen free radicals, impairing the ability of the body to respond appropriately to nitric oxide. (innovations-report.com)
- When exposed to oxygen, nitric oxide converts into nitrogen dioxide: 2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2. (wikipedia.org)
- In water, nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to form nitrous acid (HNO2). (wikipedia.org)
- The nitric oxide reacts with the ozone to produce oxygen and nitrogen dioxide, accompanied with emission of light (chemiluminescence): NO + O3 → NO2 + O2 + hν which can be measured with a photodetector. (wikipedia.org)
- The patient's therapy consisted of nitric oxide at a dose of 20 ppm plus supplemental oxygen delivered by nasal cannula at a dose of 2 L/min for 12 to 14 hours a day. (emedicinehealth.com)
- A nitric oxide supplement will facilitate the delivery of more oxygen to tissues. (ncrtec.org)
- This large international multicenter trial randomized newborns who had failed to respond to intensive care, including high levels of ventilator support, to receive either inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) or 100 percent oxygen to test whether iNO would decrease their risk of dying or requiring temporary lung bypass. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Activated microglia produce substantial amounts of reactive oxygen species such as nitric oxide (NO), primarily to kill invading microorganisms or neoplastically transformed cells. (jneurosci.org)
- The Ballard team said, "As compared with infants who received placebo gas, infants who were treated with inhaled nitric oxide were hospitalized for fewer days, needed supplemental oxygen for a shorter period, and had less severe disease. (bio-medicine.org)
- A pre-workout shot that supports nitric oxide production, which increases blood flow and oxygen delivery to cells so your muscles can function efficiently and prevent fatigue. (isagenix.com)
- In high-temperature welding (oxyacetylene or electric torch), the nitrogen and oxygen in the air combine to form oxides of nitrogen. (indsci.com)
- Scientists now know that nitroglycerin and similar drugs dilate blood vessels and help alleviate angina - temporary chest pain resulting from insufficient oxygen to the heart - because these drugs stimulate the release of nitric oxide. (diabetesselfmanagement.com)
Role of nitric4
- Role of nitric oxide in inflammatory diseases. (nih.gov)
- Role of nitric oxide in obesity-induced beta cell disease. (jci.org)
- The role of nitric oxide on passive avoidance learning was studied by administering L-arginine or D-arginine to male rats in a passive avoidance paradigm. (nih.gov)
- To study the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the mediation of insulin's effects on the peripheral vasculature, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a specific inhibitor of the synthesis of endothelium-derived NO, was infused into the brachial arteries of healthy volunteers both before, and at the end of a 2-h hyperinsulinemic (6 pmol/kg per min) euglycemic clamp. (jci.org)
Benefits of Nitric Oxide2
- Beth Shirley, RPh CCN, Executive Director of the Berkeley Life Scientific Advisory Board, details the numerous health benefits of nitric oxide supplementation. (drhoffman.com)
- Dr. Hoffman continues his conversation with Beth Shirley, RPh CCN, about the benefits of nitric oxide supplementation for cardiovascular health. (drhoffman.com)
Acid29
- In the chemical industry , nitric oxide is an intermediate compound formed during the oxidation of ammonia to nitric acid. (britannica.com)
- The formation of nitric oxide from nitric acid and mercury is applied in a volumetric method of analysis for nitric acid or its salts. (britannica.com)
- In particular, when they mixed nitric oxideone of the most common industrial emissions and a component of acid rainwith methanol, the unexpected combination was nitrous acid and methyl nitrate, a known carcinogen. (scientificamerican.com)
- It turns out nitric acid is insidious because it engages in more than simple bimolecular reactions," Garvey said. (scientificamerican.com)
- A colorless, poisonous gas produced as an intermediate compound during the manufacture of nitric acid from ammonia or from atmospheric nitrogen. (dictionary.com)
- While nitric oxide (NO) was once regarded solely as a poisonous air pollutant, responsible for the formation of photochemical smog and acid rain leading to the destruction of the ozone layer, today it is also appreciated as a molecule essential to human health. (dictionary.com)
- This article will show you how nitric oxide (a dangerous free radical) and L-arginine (an essential amino acid) are critical components to your sexual health. (selfgrowth.com)
- Nitric oxide, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-arginine, in literally involved in all cells to help keep you fit and healthy. (selfgrowth.com)
- Nitric oxide in the air may convert to nitric acid , which has been implicated in acid rain . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Although NO has relatively few direct uses, it is produced on a massive scale as an intermediate in the Ostwald process for the synthesis of nitric acid from ammonia . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- In 2005, the United States alone produced six million metric tons of nitric acid. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- It can be made in small amounts by reacting copper with nitric acid . (wikipedia.org)
- It is used in making nitric acid from ammonia. (wikipedia.org)
- The nitrogen dioxide is dissolved in water to make nitric acid and more nitric oxide. (wikipedia.org)
- Reacts with water to form nitric acid. (environmentalchemistry.com)
- Inactivation of nitric oxide by uric acid. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Nitric Acid Production Unit means any facility producing weak nitric acid by either the pressure or atmospheric pressure process. (ca.gov)
- Weak Nitric Acid means acid which is 30 to 70 percent in strength. (ca.gov)
- 1.5 kilograms per metric ton (3 pounds per ton) of acid produced, averaged over a 60-consecutive-minute period (the production being expressed as 100 percent nitric acid). (ca.gov)
- OH → HNO3 Nitric acid, along with sulfuric acid, contributes to acid rain deposition. (wikipedia.org)
- To make nitric oxide, enzymes in the body break down the amino acid, arginine," explains registered dietitian and American Dietetic Association spokesperson Jim White. (mensjournal.com)
- Funnily enough, supplements in the Nitric Oxide and Lactic Acid Buffers group are on the upper end of the price tags! (speedendurance.com)
- A natural product called Neo40 that produces nitric acid is now available in Health Food Stores. (canada.com)
- Nitric oxide may be released by the action of nitric acid on metals, such as in metal etching and pickling, and is a by-product of combustion of substances in fossil fuel plants. (indsci.com)
- It can be produced by the oxidation of nitrogenous materials, used as an intermediate in the synthesis of nitric acid, as a decomposition agent in certain gaseous products, and in semiconductor manufacturing. (indsci.com)
- NO fumes may be encountered whenever nitric acid comes in contact with organic material such as wood, sawdust, or refuse. (indsci.com)
- It can also result from heating nitric acid and when organic nitro compounds are burned, for example, dynamite. (indsci.com)
- The action of nitric acid upon metals, as in metal etching and pickling, also liberates this dangerous compound. (indsci.com)
- Nitric oxide is somewhat soluble in water and when inhaled will react to form nitric acid. (indsci.com)
Supplements9
- LOS ANGELES , Sept. 18, 2013 /PRNewswire-iReach/ -- Nitro Solution, a website that offers high quality and all-natural nitric oxide supplements , has just launched its brand new and user-friendly site. (prnewswire.com)
- Nitric Oxide supplements actually include arginine-not nitric oxide. (mensjournal.com)
- Home » [Nutrition] » Bodybuilding Supplements » Nitric Oxide! (muscletalk.co.uk)
- What Benefits Do Nitric Oxide Supplements Really Offer? (ncrtec.org)
- Nitric oxide supplements can help you beat the fitness plateau that's keeping you from achieving your workout goals. (ncrtec.org)
- If you find that the effort you're putting in the gym is taking a such a huge toll on you that it takes you several days to recover, nitric oxide supplements could help. (ncrtec.org)
- While nitric oxide supplements are often viewed as strength aids, they could still be of benefit to endurance athletes. (ncrtec.org)
- This is a vital, albeit indirect, impact of nitric oxide supplements. (ncrtec.org)
- Do L-Arginine Supplements (Nitric Oxide) Work? (speedendurance.com)
Levels of nitric oxide2
- In addition, higher levels of nitric oxide have been found to be beneficial for those who have other health conditions, including diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, peripheral neuropathy and many others. (prnewswire.com)
- Vitamin D could play a vital role in the regulation of cardiovascular function - and the risk of several disease states - by controlling arterial stiffness and levels of nitric oxide, according to new research in mice. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Interest in nitric oxide3
- Authoritative and easy to use, Nitric Oxide: Methods and Protocols examines numerous complex methodologies detailed in each chapter and proves to be an invaluable resource for anyone with an interest in nitric oxide research. (springer.com)
- For example, nitric oxide reacts with acetone and an alkoxide to form a diazeniumdiolate on each α position, with subsequent loss of methyl acetate as by-product: This reaction, which was discovered around 1898, remains of interest in nitric oxide prodrug research. (wikipedia.org)
- We definitely foresee a rising interest in nitric oxide acne treatments. (facingacne.com)
Endothelium6
- From the endothelium, nitric oxide diffuses to underlying smooth muscle cells and causes them to relax. (britannica.com)
- The endothelium (inner lining) of blood vessels use nitric oxide to signal the surrounding smooth muscle to relax, thus dilating the artery and increasing blood flow. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- This response of the endothelium is regulated in part by nitric oxide. (innovations-report.com)
- 1,2 Nitric oxide (NO) from the endothelium is considered an important atheroprotective mediator, and acquired defects in NO generation associated with cardiovascular risk factors cause endothelial dysfunction and may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. (ahajournals.org)
- Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous vasodilator, which was described initially as endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) by Dr. Robert F. Furchgott. (ahajournals.org)
- In Endothelium, Nitric Oxide, and Atherosclerosis: From Basic Mechanism to Clinical Implications, which was divided into 4 sections, the first chapter of the first section starts with a review of the discovery, biological roles, and regulation of endothelial NO by Dr. Furchgott himself. (ahajournals.org)
Oxide's role6
- Nitric oxide's role in dilating blood vessels makes it an important controller of blood pressure. (britannica.com)
- Nitric oxide's role in regulating blood flow and pressure is used by modern medicine in several ways. (britannica.com)
- The 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded for discovering nitric oxide's role as a cardiovascular signalling molecule. (wikipedia.org)
- The recent studies, which both demonstrated nitric oxide's role in helping bacteria stave off the effects of antibiotics and paved the way for its potential therapeutic applications, have excited Nudler's colleagues. (scienceline.org)
- The identification of nitric oxide's role in bacterial defense has provided a valuable answer, one that might make researchers reevaluate antibiotic design. (scienceline.org)
- The discovery of nitric oxide's role in erections has led to the development of the popular impotence drugs sildenafil (brand name Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn), tadalafil (Adcirca, Cialis) and avanafil (Stendra). (diabetesselfmanagement.com)
Make nitric oxide2
- The ammonia is reacted with air to make nitric oxide. (wikipedia.org)
- We all make nitric oxide in our bodies but, as we age, it starts to diminish. (drhoffman.com)
Produce nitric oxide4
- it is an original formulation made up of nutrients and phytonutrients that have been shown to improve the body's ability to produce nitric oxide. (prnewswire.com)
- If you make bacterial cells more vulnerable to the old and well-established antibiotics, that is better than having to design new antibiotics," explains New York University biochemist Evgeny Nudler , who led a research team that recently showed bacteria are virtually defenseless when they are unable to produce nitric oxide. (scienceline.org)
- This work very nicely demonstrates that bacteria that produce nitric oxide use it to protect themselves against the lethal effects of antibiotics, and that this is a broad effect," says Jim Collins , a biomedical engineer at Boston University. (scienceline.org)
- People with diabetes have a reduced ability to produce nitric oxide, which may be one reason they have an increased risk of heart disease . (diabetesselfmanagement.com)
Physiology3
- After discovery of nitric oxide as a biological mediator many researchers have focused on the importance of nitric oxide in the physiology of the nervous system [ 1 - 3 ]. (intechopen.com)
- Well, nitric oxide is an important mediator in vascular physiology. (medgadget.com)
- Of particular note in the first section is the chapter "Discovery of Biological Roles of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System" by Dr. Moncada and Dr. Higgs, which describes how the discovery of the l -arginine:NO pathway had a great impact on our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system and led the way to novel therapies for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. (ahajournals.org)
Nitrous5
- Nitric oxide (NO) should not be confused with nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a general anesthetic, or with nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), which is another poisonous air pollutant. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- In one of its applications it is used along with nitrous oxide to form oxynitride gates in CMOS devices. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Nitric oxide should not be confused with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a brown gas and major air pollutant, nor with nitrous oxide (N2O), an anesthetic. (wikipedia.org)
- Nitric oxide can also react directly with sodium methoxide, ultimately forming forming sodium formate and nitrous oxide by way of an N-methoxydiazeniumdiolate. (wikipedia.org)
- MAY 13, 2020 -- The successful treatment of a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension who contracted COVID-19 with self-administered inhaled nitrous oxide from a tankless device at home has caught the imagination of researchers investigating treatments for other patients. (emedicinehealth.com)
Enhancing nitric oxide's1
- The drug sildenafil citrate (trade name Viagra) treats impotence by enhancing nitric oxide's relaxant effects on smooth muscle cells in the corpus cavernosa, resulting in the increased blood flow that causes an erection. (britannica.com)
Arginine4
- Nitric oxide synthases (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. (wikipedia.org)
- NOS catalyzes the reaction: 2 L-arginine + 3 NADPH + 1 H+ + 4 O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2 citrulline +2 nitric oxide + 4 H2O + 3 NADP+ NOS isoforms catalyze other leak and side reactions, such as superoxide production at the expense of NADPH. (wikipedia.org)
- The results also suggest that, under the experimental circumstances used, nitric oxide is involved only in the facilitated learning and memory processes caused by pharmacological effect of L-arginine, and not involved in normal learning processes. (nih.gov)
- Do you agree with Beth Shirley from your recent podcast that arginine is not helpful for nitric oxide production? (drhoffman.com)
Blood vessels6
- Nitroglycerin was long known to achieve its therapeutic effect by dilating the coronary arteries (thereby increasing the flow of blood to the heart), but why it did so remained unknown until the late 1980s, when researchers realized that the drug serves to replenish the body's supply of nitric oxide, more of which is then available to relax, and thereby widen, the coronary blood vessels. (britannica.com)
- The enzyme produces a molecule called nitric oxide (NO), an important factor for the relaxation of smooth muscles in the blood vessels. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- Nitric oxide, also know as NO or NO2, is the body's primary vasodilator, relaxing and opening blood vessels within muscles to enhance blood flow. (hubpages.com)
- With enough nitric oxide blood vessels can relax and widen allowing blood to flow from and to the heart. (drhoffman.com)
- Normally, cells lining the inner wall of blood vessels secrete nitric oxide, which travels to the muscle cells around the blood vessels and causes them to widen, allowing easier blood flow. (diabetesselfmanagement.com)
- Impaired nitric oxide production may contribute to constricted blood vessels, high blood pressure and atherosclerosis. (diabetesselfmanagement.com)
ENOS1
- Nitric oxide is mediated in mammals by the calcium-calmodulin controlled isoenzymes eNOS (endothelial NOS) and nNOS (neuronal NOS). (wikipedia.org)
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide2
- A fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) breath testing monitor to measure airway inflammation and improve asthma management. (environmental-expert.com)
- As such, eNO (also known as FeNO "fractional exhaled nitric oxide") has been dubbed an inflammometer. (wikipedia.org)
Synthases2
- NO is produced endogenously by three nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and can also be formed from nitrates and nitrites. (els.net)
- Highlights * Presents comprehensive coverage of the chemical properties of nitric oxide and how they form the basis for the multifaceted biological actions for nitric oxide * Contains the most current and detailed documentation of the properties and regulation of nitric oxide synthases * Provides the most up-to-date review of inhalational nitric oxide therapy for treatment of respiratory dysfunction. (worldcat.org)
Cardiovascular3
- In addition to its ability to dilate arteries, nitric oxide has other properties that protect against cardiovascular disease, such as inhibiting blood platelet clumping, preventing smooth muscle proliferation within the artery and inhibiting the immune response. (innovations-report.com)
- First, it appears that a nitric oxide metabolite measured in the blood after exercise may discriminate between healthy patients and those with cardiovascular disease and is related with a physiological response of the artery diameter," Allen said. (innovations-report.com)
- The 1980 identification of nitric oxide (NO) as an endothelial cell-derived relaxing factor resulted in an unprecedented biomedical research of NO and established NO as one of the most important cardiovascular, nervous and immune system regulatory molecule. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Nitrogen monoxide3
- Nitric oxide (NO) , also called nitrogen monoxide , colourless toxic gas that is formed by the oxidation of nitrogen . (britannica.com)
- Nitric oxide also known as nitrogen monoxide is a chemical compound . (wikipedia.org)
- Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. (wikipedia.org)
Methods and Protocols1
- In Nitric Oxide: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field provide a detailed reference manual packed with step-by-step approaches to reproduce various complex protocols within your own laboratory. (springer.com)
Inflammation4
- Vascular Surgeons may soon have another weapon in their arsenal against the scarring and inflammation that can decrease the effectiveness of vascular repairs, nitric oxide releasing plastics. (medgadget.com)
- In medicine, exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) can be measured in a breath test for asthma or other conditions characterized by airway inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
- Findings from a substantial body of experimental work in developing animals and other model systems suggest that nitric oxide may enhance lung growth and reduce lung inflammation independently of its effects on blood vessel resistance. (aappublications.org)
- The nitric oxide topical cream works by attacking the cause of inflammation. (facingacne.com)
Control of nitric oxide2
- The contents form a comprehensive treatise of factors influencing the control of nitric oxide production in various cell types. (worldcat.org)
- Lucas, G. and Varde, K., "Off-Stoichiometry Operation of an SI Engine-A Model of Formation and Control of Nitric Oxide," SAE Technical Paper 750352, 1975, https://doi.org/10.4271/750352 . (sae.org)
Gaseous nitric oxide3
- The chapters are divided into three parts: part one looks at NO treatments using gaseous nitric oxide and detection using a NO-sensitive electrode, electron spin resonance, and fluorescence-based NO-sensor proteins. (springer.com)
- The disclosed methods include causing the mammal to inhale a therapeutically-effective concentration of gaseous nitric oxide (NO). Also disclosed are methods that include the administration. (google.com)
- The disclosed methods include causing the mammal to inhale a therapeutically-effective concentration of gaseous nitric oxide (NO). Also disclosed are methods that include the administration of the following types of agents in conjunction with inhaled nitric oxide: compounds that potentiate the beneficial effects of inhaled nitric oxide, and antithrombotic agents that complement or supplement the beneficial effects of inhaled nitric oxide. (google.com)
Neurons2
- Nitric oxide is also produced by neurons (nerve cells) and is used by the nervous system as a neurotransmitter to regulate functions ranging from digestion to blood flow to memory and vision. (britannica.com)
- Nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role as signal transmitter in neurons, endothelial cells and in the immune system. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Free radical8
- Nitric oxide is a relatively unstable, diatomic molecule that possesses a free radical (i.e., an unpaired electron ). (britannica.com)
- The nitric oxide molecule's possession of a free radical makes it much more reactive than other signaling molecules, and its small size enables it to diffuse through cell membranes and walls to perform a range of signaling functions in various bodily systems. (britannica.com)
- Inside the body, nitric oxide is an extremely reactive and potentially dangerous free radical. (selfgrowth.com)
- The nitric oxide molecule is a free radical , which is relevant to understanding its high reactivity. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Nitric oxide can contribute to reperfusion injury when excessive amount produced during reperfusion (following a period of ischemia) reacts with superoxide to produce the damaging free radical peroxynitrite. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- A free radical, nitric oxide has toxic effects on host and bacterial cells. (wisegeek.com)
- This is the first study to attempt to link whole body production of nitric oxide with regional endothelial function," said Jason Allen, Ph.D., who presented the results of the Duke study today (Nov. 22, 2003) during the 10th annual scientific sessions of the Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine. (innovations-report.com)
- Nitric oxide is a free radical, i.e., it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula (·N=O or ·NO). Nitric oxide is also a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, a historic class that drew researches which spawned early modern theories of chemical bonding. (wikipedia.org)
Supplement5
- In the future it is possible that drugs that affect the regulation of nitric oxide in the brain can be used to supplement currently existing anti-psychotic agents. (idw-online.de)
- In addition to featuring the safe and innovative supplement called Nitroxyl, Nitro Solution is also devoted to educating its customers about nitric oxide and its impact on health and overall wellness. (prnewswire.com)
- Nitro Solution is a new website that offers an effective and all-natural nitric oxide boosting supplement called Nitroxyl. (prnewswire.com)
- So what benefits could you reap from incorporating a nitric oxide supplement into your fitness strategy? (ncrtec.org)
- ISS Research Satur8 Nitric Oxide - 180 tabs is a hormone-free nitric oxide supplement that contains a precise blend of time-released ingredients that give your body a steady stream of nutrients that enhance muscle dimension and density. (astronutrition.com)
Pulmonary7
- Nitric oxide is used together with a breathing machine (ventilator) and other agents to treat newborn (term and near-term) babies with respiratory failure that is caused by pulmonary hypertension. (mayoclinic.org)
- When inhaled, nitric oxide produces pulmonary vasodilation. (drugbank.ca)
- The team is now preparing to launch a clinical trial of inhaled nitric oxide in COVID-19 patients without pulmonary hypertension , Zamanian reported. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Nitric oxide could be useful for patients who come in with pulmonary hypertension , but 'we have to test and figure that out. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Although it is not a cure, nitric oxide could improve oxygenation for COIVD-19 patients in respiratory distress who have a component of abnormal pulmonary vascular function 'largely driven' by ventilation perfusion - or V/Q - mismatch, he explained. (emedicinehealth.com)
- commenting on this ale, nitric oxide viagra together professor w. kaye was a medication of shoppers columbia law school and an herbal relationship dysfunction who was among the pulmonary differences to bring a mugful experiment month place to acidophilus under the 1913 internet nitrate effectsof. (usabelting.com)
- Continued exposure to high concentrations of nitric oxide can cause pulmonary edema and death. (indsci.com)
Pollutant1
- Outside the body, nitric oxide is considered an environmental pollutant. (selfgrowth.com)
Humans2
- Nitric oxide performs important chemical signaling functions in humans and other animals and has various applications in medicine . (britannica.com)
- Usage information: Nitric oxide release accounts for insulin's vascular effects in humans. (jci.org)
Release of nitric oxide1
- It is supposed to accelerate release of nitric oxide in the body, multipling the effectiveness of the ed drug. (healingwell.com)
Presence of nitric oxide1
- The use of internal combustion engines has drastically increased the presence of nitric oxide in the environment. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Nitrate3
- Duke University Medical Center researchers have shown an association between changes in nitrate, a biochemical marker of nitric oxide production, and physiological changes in arteries' reaction to stress. (innovations-report.com)
- Studies have shown that nitrate-rich vegetable extracts can support nitric oxide production and blood flow for up to 24 hours with peak concentration happening approximately two to three hours after ingestion. (isagenix.com)
- Taking these drugs can be potentially dangerous for people who also take nitrate drugs, such as nitroglycerine, because they can raise nitric oxide levels too high. (diabetesselfmanagement.com)
Enhance nitric oxide1
- It [Nitroxyl] is the most comprehensive formula currently available and the most potent nitric oxide enhancer on the market today,' an article on the new website noted, adding that the synergistic formula is designed to dramatically enhance nitric oxide production in the arteries and brain. (prnewswire.com)
Body's2
- Nitric Oxide's main job is to deliver messages between the body's cells. (mensjournal.com)
- Abnormalities in the body's production of nitric oxide have been implicated in high blood pressure , atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries) and stroke. (diabetesselfmanagement.com)
Pathways3
- Nitric oxide (NO) is a diatomic radical implicated in a variety of pathways including vascular homeostasis, neurotransmission and immune defence. (els.net)
- Although these particular drugs were designed to target the human nitric oxide pathways that are involved in blood pressure disorders, the same technology may be tuned to specifically target bacteria. (scienceline.org)
- Nitric oxide constrains the pathways that go into the formation of a pimple. (facingacne.com)
Metabolism2
- The nitric oxide released by macrophages kills bacteria, other parasites, and tumour cells by disrupting their metabolism. (britannica.com)
- Inhaled nitric oxide has been shown to help survival and recovery from paraquat poisoning, which produces lung tissue damaging superoxide and hinders NOS metabolism. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Inhibitors2
- Treating bacterial infections with cocktails of traditional antibiotics and NOS inhibitors to prevent nitric oxide formation will be more efficient than designing entirely new drugs, suggests Nudler. (scienceline.org)
- Cancer single imposes producers on nitric oxide viagra together a penis who applies for an regular suicide to restrain another treatment from marketing a good nonprescription on the fact that fake arthritis will constitute an oxycodone of real its warmth is online to erectile inhibitors. (usabelting.com)
Bacteria3
- In the immune system, nitric oxide is produced by macrophages, which are a type of leukocyte ( white blood cell ) that engulfs bacteria and other foreign particles that have invaded the body. (britannica.com)
- Nitric oxide is toxic to bacteria and other human pathogens. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Yet, with the new discovery of how bacteria defend themselves with nitric oxide, scientists now hope that by merely blocking the site of nitric oxide production in bacteria they can make traditional antibiotics much more potent against even incredibly virulent infections. (scienceline.org)
Colorless2
- Nitric oxide (NO) is colorless, poisonous gas. (indsci.com)
- Nitric oxide is a clear, colorless gas that performs a number of important functions in the body. (diabetesselfmanagement.com)
Atherosclerosis1
- Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent endogenous vasodilator and has shown to inhibit key processes of atherosclerosis like monocyte adhesion, platelet aggregation, and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Reactive3
- This time, Garvey and his co-workers examined the pairing of nitric oxide with another alcohol, ethanol, and found that the molecules were highly reactive. (scientificamerican.com)
- In addition, they discovered that the reactive site between a positively charged nitric oxide ion and an alcohol will vary depending on how many solvent molecules surround them. (scientificamerican.com)
- Provides the latest advances in the explosive growth of nitric oxide (NO) study-covering the behavior of this highly reactive molecule in a wide variety of physiologicial processes, including respiration, blood pressure, neurotransmission, nospecific host defense, and wound healing. (routledge.com)
Concentrations2
- Nitric oxide reacts with stratospheric ozone to form O2 and nitrogen dioxide: ·NO + O3 → NO2 + O2 This reaction is also utilized to measure concentrations of ·NO in control volumes. (wikipedia.org)
- The muffler and DPF system resulted in comparable total nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentrations. (cdc.gov)
Physiological and pathological2
- The past two decades have seen an explosion in the number of research articles relating to both the physiological and pathological responses evoked by nitric oxide generation. (springer.com)
- Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous diatomic radical that is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological functions in biology. (mit.edu)
Guanylate Cyclase1
- Air Pollution can contain enough Nitric Oxide to stimulate Guanylate Cyclase. (rutgers.edu)
Production11
- The production of nitric oxide is elevated in populations living at high-altitudes, which helps these people avoid hypoxia. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- A dissertation from the Sahlgrenska Academy shows that rats with characteristics of schizophrenia regain normal brain function if they receive drugs that reduce the production of nitric oxide in the brain. (idw-online.de)
- When the animals were treated with a substance that blocks brain nitric oxide production, they became resistant to the schizophrenia-like effects of phencyclidine. (idw-online.de)
- The research team will shortly initiate a patient study in order to find out whether blocking brain nitric oxide production can alleviate cognitive disturbances in patients with schizophrenia. (idw-online.de)
- In their pilot study, the researchers linked the systemic production of nitric oxide, a chemical known to play a key role in controlling the ability of arteries to constrict or relax, with changes in the endothelial lining of arteries after being stressed. (innovations-report.com)
- While the diameters of arteries in all three groups increased, the healthy group saw the largest percentage increase after 60 seconds, possibly indicating greater endothelial health and nitric oxide production. (innovations-report.com)
- Allen then sought to discover whether a sustained program of exercise had any effect on nitric oxide production and reactivity of the brachial artery. (innovations-report.com)
- After the exercise period, the at-risk patients had a significant increase in nitric oxide metabolite production during the recovery period after exercise, as well as an almost doubling of the brachial artery reactivity, Allen said. (innovations-report.com)
- This study presents the Pharma-Grade Nitric Oxide production, revenue, market share and growth rate for each key company, and also covers the breakdown data (production, consumption, revenue and market share) by regions, type and applications. (mynewsdesk.com)
- Increased microglial production of nitric oxide (NO) is a common early sign in neuroinflammatory diseases. (jneurosci.org)
- This pre-workout shot contains a special blend of fruit and vegetable extracts to support nitric oxide production. (isagenix.com)
Long-term potenti1
- Nitric oxide (NO) participates in long-term potentiation (LTP) and other forms of synaptic plasticity in many different brain areas but where it comes from and how it acts remain controversial. (jneurosci.org)
Photoelectron spectroscopy1
- Quenching of surface radicals with nitric oxide results in the incorporation of nitrogen, which can be quantified by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Endothelial function1
- Tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent preservation of nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function in diabetes by targeted transgenic GTP-cyclohydrolase I overexpression," The Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol. 112, no. 5, pp. 725-735, 2003. (hindawi.com)
Amounts of nitric2
- Allowing certain premature babies to inhale small amounts of nitric ox. (bio-medicine.org)
- Allowing certain premature babies to inhale small amounts of nitric oxide could prevent a potentially fatal lung disease called bronchopulmonary dysplasia, according// to the results of two studies that were revealed on Wednesday. (bio-medicine.org)
Molecular2
- This volume contains chapters that address diverse but interrelated areas pertaining to the chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, and pharmacology of nitric oxide in mammalian cells. (worldcat.org)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology of Nitric Oxide is a fascinating tool that helps us to not lose reference to cellular mechanisms of endogenous and exogenous NO in clinical use. (routledge.com)
Arteries3
- As an article on the new website explains, nitric oxide has been found to help the smooth muscles of the arteries relax, which in turn can help to lower blood pressure. (prnewswire.com)
- Now we know it's due to a molecule, nitric oxide (NO), which when produced, sends messages to coronary arteries and to every cell in the body in nanoseconds. (canada.com)
- But after age 40, nitric oxide decreases, arteries constrict, causing hypertension and increased pressure injures the inner wall of coronary arteries. (canada.com)
Biological2
- Nitric oxide is a key biological messenger, playing a role in a variety of biological process. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Recent research has shown that nitric oxide (NO) mainly mediates biological function through chemical reactions between locally controlled accumulation of RNS and proteins leading to potential alteration of protein function. (apsnet.org)