Nitric Acid
Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Neodymium
Hydrofluoric Acid
Sulfuric Acids
Trace Elements
Hydrochloric Acid
Nitrates
Microwaves
Calibration
Osmotic regulation of airway reactivity by epithelium. (1/123)
Inhalation of nonisotonic solutions can elicit pulmonary obstruction in asthmatic airways. We evaluated the hypothesis that the respiratory epithelium is involved in responses of the airways to nonisotonic solutions using the guinea pig isolated, perfused trachea preparation to restrict applied agents to the mucosal (intraluminal) or serosal (extraluminal) surface of the airway. In methacholine-contracted tracheae, intraluminally applied NaCl or KCl equipotently caused relaxation that was unaffected by the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, but was attenuated by removal of the epithelium and Na+ and Cl- channel blockers. Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter and nitric oxide synthase blockers caused a slight inhibition of relaxation, whereas Na+,K+-pump inhibition produced a small potentiation. Intraluminal hyperosmolar KCl and NaCl inhibited contractions in response to intra- or extraluminally applied methacholine, as well as neurogenic cholinergic contractions elicited with electric field stimulation (+/- indomethacin). Extraluminally applied NaCl and KCl elicited epithelium-dependent relaxation (which for KCl was followed by contraction). In contrast to the effects of hyperosmolarity, intraluminal hypo-osmolarity caused papaverine-inhibitable contractions (+/- epithelium). These findings suggest that the epithelium is an osmotic sensor which, through the release of epithelium-derived relaxing factor, can regulate airway diameter by modulating smooth muscle responsiveness and excitatory neurotransmission. (+info)Nitric oxide synthesis in patients with infective gastroenteritis. (2/123)
BACKGROUND: There is evidence that endogenous nitrate synthesis is notably increased in patients with infective gastroenteritis. AIMS: To determine whether this is due to nitric oxide (NO) production via the L-arginine/NO pathway. METHODS: Seven male patients with community acquired bacterial gastroenteritis and 15 healthy male volunteers participated in this study. All patients had stool culture positive infective gastroenteritis. A bolus of 200 mg L-[(15)N](2)-arginine was administered intravenously after an overnight fast. Urine was collected for the next 36 hours. Urinary [(15)N:(14)N]nitrate ratio was assessed by dry combustion in an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. RESULTS: Mean 36 hour total urinary nitrate excretion in the gastroenteritis group was 5157 (577) micromol compared with 2594 (234) micromol in the control group (p<0.001). Thirty six hour urinary [(15)N]nitrate excretion was considerably higher in the gastroenteritis group compared with the control group (13782 (1665) versus 1698 (98) etamol; p<0.001). These values represent 1.129 (0.139)% and 0.138 (0.007)% of [(15)N]nitrogen administered (p<0.001), respectively. Corrected 36 hour urinary [(15)N]nitrate excretion for urinary creatinine was also significantly higher in the patient compared with the control group (1934 (221) versus 303 (35) etamol/mmol; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Results show notably enhanced nitrate synthesis due to increased activity of the L-arginine/NO pathway in patients with infective gastroenteritis. (+info)Essential roles for the products of the napABCD genes, but not napFGH, in periplasmic nitrate reduction by Escherichia coli K-12. (3/123)
The seven nap genes at minute 47 on the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome encode a functional nitrate reductase located in the periplasm. The molybdoprotein, NapA, is known to be essential for nitrate reduction. We now demonstrate that the two c-type cytochromes, the periplasmic NapB and the membrane-associated NapC, as well as a fourth polypeptide, NapD, are also essential for nitrate reduction in the periplasm by physiological substrates such as glycerol, formate and glucose. None of the three iron-sulphur proteins, NapF, NapG or NapH, are essential, irrespective of whether the bacteria are grown anaerobically in the presence of nitrate or fumarate as a terminal electron acceptor, or by glucose fermentation. Mutation of napD resulted in the total loss of Methyl Viologen-dependent nitrate reductase activity of the molybdoprotein, NapA, consistent with an earlier suggestion by others that NapD might be required for post-translational modification of NapA. (+info)Competition between Escherichia coli strains expressing either a periplasmic or a membrane-bound nitrate reductase: does Nap confer a selective advantage during nitrate-limited growth? (4/123)
The physiological role of the periplasmic nitrate reductase, Nap, one of the three nitrate reductases synthesized by Escherichia coli K-12, has been investigated. A series of double mutants that express only one nitrate reductase were grown anaerobically in batch cultures with glycerol as the non-fermentable carbon source and nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. Only the strain expressing nitrate reductase A grew rapidly under these conditions. Introduction of a narL mutation severely decreased the growth rate of the nitrate reductase A strain, but enhanced the growth of the Nap(+) strain. The ability to use nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor for anaerobic growth is therefore regulated primarily by the NarL protein at the level of transcription. Furthermore, the strain expressing nitrate reductase A had a substantial selective advantage in competition with the strain expressing only Nap during nitrate-sufficient continuous culture. However, the strain expressing Nap was preferentially selected during nitrate-limited continuous growth. The saturation constants for nitrate for the two strains (which numerically are equal to the nitrate concentrations at half of the maximum specific growth rate and therefore reflect the relative affinities for nitrate) were estimated using the integrated Monod equation to be 15 and 50 microM for Nap and nitrate reductase A respectively. This difference is sufficient to explain the selective advantage of the Nap(+) strain during nitrate-limited growth. It is concluded that one physiological role of the periplasmic nitrate reductase of enteric bacteria is to enable bacteria to scavenge nitrate in nitrate-limited environments. (+info)A habitat for psychrophiles in deep Antarctic ice. (5/123)
Microbes, some of which may be viable, have been found in ice cores drilled at Vostok Station at depths down to approximately 3,600 m, close to the surface of the huge subglacial Lake Vostok. Two types of ice have been found. The upper 3,500 m comprises glacial ice containing traces of nutrients of aeolian origin including sulfuric acid, nitric acid, methanosulfonic acid (MSA), formic acid, sea salts, and mineral grains. Ice below approximately 3,500 m comprises refrozen water from Lake Vostok, accreted to the bottom of the glacial ice. Nutrients in the accretion ice include salts and dissolved organic carbon. There is great interest in searching for living microbes and especially for new species in deepest Antarctic ice. I propose a habitat consisting of interconnected liquid veins along three-grain boundaries in ice in which psychrophilic bacteria can move and obtain energy and carbon from ions in solution. In the accretion ice, with an age of a few 10(4) years and a temperature a few degrees below freezing, the carbon and energy sources in the veins can maintain significant numbers of cells per cubic centimeter that are metabolizing but not multiplying. In the 4 x 10(5)-year-old colder glacial ice, at least 1 cell per cm(3) in acid veins can be maintained. With fluorescence microscopy tuned to detect NADH in live organisms, motile bacteria could be detected by direct scanning of the veins in ice samples. (+info)Vasopressin does not effect hypertension caused by long-term nitric oxide inhibition. (6/123)
Nitric oxide attenuates both vasopressin-induced vasoconstriction and vasopressin release. We tested whether hypertension and renal dysfunction elicited by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis using N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) could be mediated in part by vasopressin V(1A) receptors. Male rats were treated orally for 6 weeks with L-NNA (15 mg/kg per day), a nonpeptide V(1A) receptor antagonist (2S)-1-[(2R,3S)-5-chloro-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(3, 4-dimethoxybenzene-sulfonyl)-3-hydroxy-2, 3-dihydro-1H-indole-2-carbonyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (SR 49059, 30 mg/kg per day), or a combination of SR 49059 and L-NNA (same doses), or they received no treatment. Both drugs were added to the food. Measurements were performed in conscious rats (urine collection in metabolic cages, tail-cuff arterial pressure) and at the end of the study in anesthetized rats (clearance measurements). L-NNA produced sustained hypertension, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and increased renal vascular resistance, plasma renin activity, and urinary albumin excretion. SR 49059 had no effect per se on these parameters and also did not attenuate the hypertension and renal dysfunction induced by L-NNA. Surprisingly, SR 49059 potentiated L-NNA-induced hypertension at the end of the 6-week treatment. However, the blood pressure response and the renal and mesenteric vasoconstriction elicited by exogenous vasopressin were attenuated in rats treated with SR 49059. L-NNA did not change plasma vasopressin concentration or 24-hour urinary vasopressin excretion. Our findings suggest that activation of vasopressin V(1A) receptors does not contribute to the hypertension and renal dysfunction induced by chronic NO synthesis inhibition. They also document unchanged plasma vasopressin concentration in NO-deficient hypertension. (+info)Effects of Ca(2+) channel activity on renal hemodynamics during acute attenuation of NO synthesis in the rat. (7/123)
In cultured vascular muscle cells, nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to inhibit voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, which are involved in renal blood flow (RBF) autoregulation. Therefore, our purpose was to specify in vivo the effects of this interaction on RBF autoregulation. To do so, hemodynamics were investigated in anesthetized rats during Ca(2+) channel blockade before or after acute NO synthesis inhibition. Rats were treated intravenously with vehicle (n = 10), 0.3 mg/kg body wt N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME; n = 7), 4.5 microg. kg body wt(-1). min(-1) nifedipine (n = 8) alone, or with nifedipine infused before (n = 8), after (n = 8), or coadministered with L-NAME (n = 10). Baseline renal vascular resistance (RVR) averaged 14.0 +/- 1.2 resistance units and did not change after vehicle. RVR increased or decreased significantly by 27 and 29% after L-NAME or nifedipine, respectively. Nifedipine reversed, but did not prevent, RVR increase after or coadministered with L-NAME. RBF autoregulation was maintained after L-NAME, but the autoregulatory pressure limit (P(A)) was significantly lowered by 15 mmHg. Nifedipine pretreatment or coadministration with L-NAME limited P(A) resetting or suppressed autoregulation at higher doses. Results were similar with verapamil. Intrarenal blockade of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels also prevented autoregulatory resetting by L-NAME (n = 8). These findings suggest NO inhibits voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels and thereby modulates RBF autoregulatory efficiency. (+info)Possible involvement of undissociated acid molecules in the acid response of the chorda tympani nerve of the rat. (8/123)
To test whether undissociated acid is capable of exciting the chorda tympani nerves in rats, we have used buffered acid solutions as taste stimuli. These solutions were prepared by adding alkali to weak acids, such as acetic acid, so that the proportion of undissociated and dissociated acids was varied whereas keeping the total acid concentration constant. When acetic acid solutions, adjusted to wide ranges of pH by NaOH, were applied to the tongue, the response magnitude of the chorda tympani nerves was not varied systematically with pH changes. However, if the sodium effect was eliminated by amiloride or replacement of cation by potassium or Tris[hydroxymethyl]aminomethane; NH(2)C(CH(2)OH)(3) (Tris-base), the chorda tympani response was reduced systematically as pH increased. Similar results were obtained with citric acid and ascorbic acid. This pH-dependent change in taste nerve response to acid cannot be solely attributed to the proton gradient because the response magnitude induced by hydrogen itself, which was estimated from responses to strong acids, was much smaller than that by equi-pH acetic acid ( approximately 85%). Thus we cannot explain the pH-dependent responses of the chorda tympani nerves to weak acids unless effects of undissociated acid molecules are postulated. It is therefore concluded that undissociated acids in weak acid solutions can be a stimulant to taste receptor cells. (+info)Nitric acid is not a medical term, but it is a chemical compound with the formula HNO3. It is a highly corrosive mineral acid and is the primary constituent of nitric acid solutions.
Medically, nitric acid or its salts may be mentioned in the context of certain medical conditions or treatments. For example, nitrate or nitrite salts of potassium or sodium can be used as vasodilators to treat angina pectoris (chest pain) by improving blood flow and reducing oxygen demand in the heart muscle. Nitric acid itself is not used medically.
It's important to note that exposure to nitric acid can cause severe burns and tissue damage, so it should be handled with care and appropriate personal protective equipment.
Atomic spectrophotometry is a type of analytical technique used to determine the concentration of specific atoms or ions in a sample by measuring the intensity of light absorbed or emitted at wavelengths characteristic of those atoms or ions. This technique involves the use of an atomic spectrometer, which uses a source of energy (such as a flame, plasma, or electrode) to excite the atoms or ions in the sample, causing them to emit light at specific wavelengths. The intensity of this emitted light is then measured and used to calculate the concentration of the element of interest.
Atomic spectrophotometry can be further divided into two main categories: atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and atomic emission spectrophotometry (AES). In AAS, the sample is atomized in a flame or graphite furnace and the light from a lamp that emits light at the same wavelength as one of the elements in the sample is passed through the atoms. The amount of light absorbed by the atoms is then measured and used to determine the concentration of the element. In AES, the sample is atomized and excited to emit its own light, which is then measured and analyzed to determine the concentration of the element.
Atomic spectrophotometry is widely used in various fields such as environmental monitoring, clinical chemistry, forensic science, and industrial quality control for the determination of trace elements in a variety of sample types including liquids, solids, and gases.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Neodymium" is not a medical term. It is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. Neodymium is a rare-earth metal that has been used in various industrial and technological applications, such as magnets, lasers, and glass coloration. It is not directly related to medical terminology or healthcare.
I'm not able to provide a specific medical definition for the term "Decalcification Technique" as it is not a standard term in medical or scientific literature. However, decalcification is a process that is commonly used in histology (the study of the microscopic structure of tissues) to prepare calcium-containing tissue samples for sectioning and staining.
Decalcification involves removing the calcium salts from the tissue using a weak acid solution, such as formic acid or acetic acid. This process makes it possible to cut thin sections of the tissue with a microtome (a tool used to cut thin slices of tissue for examination under a microscope).
The decalcification technique may refer to the specific method or protocol used to decalcify tissue samples, including the type and concentration of acid used, the duration of decalcification, and the temperature at which the process is carried out. The choice of decalcification technique will depend on the type and size of the tissue sample being prepared, as well as the specific research or diagnostic questions being addressed.
Hydrofluoric acid is not typically considered a medical term, but rather a chemical one. However, it's important for medical professionals to be aware of its potential hazards and health effects.
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a highly corrosive and toxic liquid, which is colorless or slightly yellowish. It is a solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is used in various industries for etching glass, cleaning metal surfaces, manufacturing semiconductors, and in chemical research.
In terms of health effects, exposure to HF can cause severe burns and tissue damage. Even at very low concentrations, it can cause pain and irritation to the skin and eyes. Inhalation can lead to respiratory irritation, coughing, and choking. If ingested, it can be fatal due to its ability to cause deep burns in the gastrointestinal tract and potentially lead to systemic fluoride toxicity. Delayed medical attention can result in serious complications, including damage to bones and nerves.
I believe there might be a slight confusion in your question. Sulfuric acid is not a medical term, but instead a chemical compound with the formula H2SO4. It's one of the most important industrial chemicals, being a strong mineral acid with numerous applications.
If you are asking for a definition related to human health or medicine, I can tell you that sulfuric acid has no physiological role in humans. Exposure to sulfuric acid can cause irritation and burns to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure may lead to more severe health issues. However, it is not a term typically used in medical diagnoses or treatments.
Trace elements are essential minerals that the body needs in very small or tiny amounts, usually less than 100 milligrams per day, for various biological processes. These include elements like iron, zinc, copper, manganese, fluoride, selenium, and iodine. They are vital for maintaining good health and proper functioning of the human body, but they are required in such minute quantities that even a slight excess or deficiency can lead to significant health issues.
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid, is not a substance that is typically found within the human body. It is a strong mineral acid with the chemical formula HCl. In a medical context, it might be mentioned in relation to gastric acid, which helps digest food in the stomach. Gastric acid is composed of hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride and sodium chloride dissolved in water. The pH of hydrochloric acid is very low (1-2) due to its high concentration of H+ ions, making it a strong acid. However, it's important to note that the term 'hydrochloric acid' does not directly refer to a component of human bodily fluids or tissues.
Nitrates are chemical compounds that consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to three oxygen atoms (NO3-). In the context of medical science, nitrates are often discussed in relation to their use as medications or their presence in food and water.
As medications, nitrates are commonly used to treat angina (chest pain) caused by coronary artery disease. Nitrates work by relaxing and widening blood vessels, which improves blood flow and reduces the workload on the heart. Some examples of nitrate medications include nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, and isosorbide mononitrate.
In food and water, nitrates are naturally occurring compounds that can be found in a variety of vegetables, such as spinach, beets, and lettuce. They can also be present in fertilizers and industrial waste, which can contaminate groundwater and surface water sources. While nitrates themselves are not harmful, they can be converted into potentially harmful compounds called nitrites under certain conditions, particularly in the digestive system of young children or in the presence of bacteria such as those found in unpasteurized foods. Excessive levels of nitrites can react with hemoglobin in the blood to form methemoglobin, which cannot transport oxygen effectively and can lead to a condition called methemoglobinemia.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "microwaves" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter; they are commonly used in communication devices and home appliances such as microwave ovens. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, please provide more context so I can give you a more accurate response.
In the context of medicine and medical devices, calibration refers to the process of checking, adjusting, or confirming the accuracy of a measurement instrument or system. This is typically done by comparing the measurements taken by the device being calibrated to those taken by a reference standard of known accuracy. The goal of calibration is to ensure that the medical device is providing accurate and reliable measurements, which is critical for making proper diagnoses and delivering effective treatment. Regular calibration is an important part of quality assurance and helps to maintain the overall performance and safety of medical devices.
Environmental monitoring is the systematic and ongoing surveillance, measurement, and assessment of environmental parameters, pollutants, or other stressors in order to evaluate potential impacts on human health, ecological systems, or compliance with regulatory standards. This process typically involves collecting and analyzing data from various sources, such as air, water, soil, and biota, and using this information to inform decisions related to public health, environmental protection, and resource management.
In medical terms, environmental monitoring may refer specifically to the assessment of environmental factors that can impact human health, such as air quality, water contamination, or exposure to hazardous substances. This type of monitoring is often conducted in occupational settings, where workers may be exposed to potential health hazards, as well as in community-based settings, where environmental factors may contribute to public health issues. The goal of environmental monitoring in a medical context is to identify and mitigate potential health risks associated with environmental exposures, and to promote healthy and safe environments for individuals and communities.
Nitric acid
Red fuming nitric acid
Nitric oxide
Heysham Refinery
Hypergolic propellant
Plutonium(IV) oxide
Tonka (fuel)
RD-214
American Cyanamid
Xanthoproteic acid
Potassium nitrate (data page)
Redox
Thorium
Fluorine nitrate
R-21 (missile)
Tetranitratoaluminate
Acid dissociation constant
Calcination
Wilhelm Ostwald
Ammonia
Hydrazine
Plutonium
Zirconium nitrate
Celine Marmion
Nital
Holmium phosphide
Lead(II) nitrate
Oxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Dassault Mirage III
Nitric acid - Wikipedia
nitric acid
Ammonia Nitrate and Nitric Acid Conference
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Characteristic of wet method of phosphorus recovery from polish sewage sludge ash with nitric acid
How many number of molecules are there in 10 grams of nitric acid (HNO3)? - eNotes.com
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HNO36
- Nitric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula HNO3. (wikipedia.org)
- When the solution contains more than 86% HNO3, it is referred to as fuming nitric acid. (wikipedia.org)
- The catalyst EnviCat N2O-S removes nitrous oxide (N2O) from the off-gas of nitric acid (HNO3) plants. (clariant.com)
- How many number of molecules are there in 10 grams of nitric acid (HNO3)? (enotes.com)
- Fuming nitric acids contain over 86% HNO3. (fishersci.com)
- Nitric acid is a nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms. (laballey.com)
Corrosive10
- It is a highly corrosive mineral acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Nitric acid is a colourless, fuming, and highly corrosive liquid that is a common laboratory reagent and an important industrial chemical for the manufacture of fertilizers and explosives. (britannica.com)
- Nitric acid (HNO 3 ) is a highly corrosive liquid that is toxic and can cause severe burns. (britannica.com)
- nitric acid , (HNO 3 ), colourless, fuming, and highly corrosive liquid (freezing point −42 °C [−44 °F], boiling point 83 °C [181 °F]) that is a common laboratory reagent and an important industrial chemical for the manufacture of fertilizers and explosives . (britannica.com)
- It is specially used to transport corrosive media such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and so on. (evpvacuum.com)
- Nitric acid, also known as aqua fortis and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral acid. (laballey.com)
- It is powerfully corrosive, being a strong acid, and in decomposition a strong oxidizer. (freedictionary.org)
- When handling large amounts of corrosive substances or when tapping from large bottles or diluting acids or alkalis, protection for the entire face should be used. (lu.se)
- Note that acids that produce corrosive gases/fumes e.g. perchloric acid, aqua regia and concentrated hydrochloric acid must only be handled in special, flushable fume hoods. (lu.se)
- Specifically, recommended digestion methods include the use of chemicals, such as perchloric acid, which are typically unavailable in most accredited industrial hygiene laboratories due to highly corrosive and oxidizing properties. (cdc.gov)
Increased nitric oxide1
- L-Arginine has been shown to promote increased nitric oxide which supports muscle development and recovery. (vitaminhaat.com)
Hydrochloric9
- It surely is not as easy as producing hydrochloric acid. (chemicalforums.com)
- You can purchase 34%+ muriatic (hydrochloric) acid for $6 at Tractor Hardware Supply in California. (chemicalforums.com)
- hydrochloric acid to form Cu(II) and Zn(II) compounds. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- Hydrochloric and phosphoric acid don't oxidize metals well and won't dissolve copper. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- Despite the fact that your stomach produces hydrochloric acid, the zinc in food and supplements doesn't react with stomach acid, because the zinc is not in elemental form. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- At a later period, when sal-ammoniac was obtained by distilling the hoofs and horns of oxen and neutralizing the resulting carbonate with hydrochloric acid , the name "spirit of hartshorn" was applied to ammonia. (wikidoc.org)
- 5. A sample MgO was first dissolved in hydrochloric acid to give a solution of MgCl2 and was then converted to a precipitate of pure, dry Mg2P2O7 weighting 12.00g. calculate the sample of MgO. (justaaa.com)
- Another possibility is you could have had something on the silver that was acting as a resist, silver chloride is quite resistant to nitric acid and can form on silver when exposed to hydrochloric acid or other chlorine compounds. (ganoksin.com)
- Exposures of plating room employees to airborne concentrations of nitric-acid (12507776), cyanides, hydrochloric-acid (7647010), sodium-hydroxide (1310732), nickel (7440020), chromium (7440473) and trichloroethylene (79016) were also studied. (cdc.gov)
Sulphuric acid5
- I know distilling alkali nitrates with sulphuric acid is a well known route but sulphuric acid is also unavailable so I tried distilling syrupy phosphoric acid with potassium nitrate using a glass retort until oxides of nitrogen became obvious in the retort. (sciencemadness.org)
- I did not expect that sulphuric acid would become unavailable. (sciencemadness.org)
- As far as I know, citizens still may buy and use sulphuric acid. (sciencemadness.org)
- But, concentrated sulphuric acid is an oxidising agent. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- 1913 Webster] Nitric acid , a colorless or yellowish liquid obtained by distilling a nitrate with sulphuric acid. (freedictionary.org)
Dilute nitric acid2
- The nitric oxide was cooled and oxidized by the remaining atmospheric oxygen to nitrogen dioxide, and this was subsequently absorbed in water in a series of packed column or plate column absorption towers to produce dilute nitric acid. (wikipedia.org)
- 1. If the concentration of dilute nitric acid is relatively low, the 2BV stainless steel corrosion-resistant multistage chemical pump without leakage can be selected. (evpvacuum.com)
Concentration7
- Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water. (wikipedia.org)
- As it is impossible to buy nitric acid of any sensible concentration within the EU currently I thought I would have a go at a synthesis. (sciencemadness.org)
- As a citizen scientist I have found that the production of nitric acid from other than nitrates is problematic especially if you want any concentration that requires additional steps. (chemicalforums.com)
- In redox reactions of metals with acid, the acid concentration and temperature change. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- The time dependence of the nitrous acid yield on dose rate, nitric acid concentration, and nitrate ion concentration is studied. (sinap.ac.cn)
- The AFM results, we found that there is decreasing the density of pits on the surface by increasing concentration of nitric acid solution. (nitrkl.ac.in)
- Are you sure about the concentration of the original acid? (ganoksin.com)
Grams of nitric acid3
- This number is called Avogadro number and is usually denoted as `N_A.` If we'll find the number of moles in `10` grams of nitric acid, we'll know the number of molecules by multiplying it by `N_A. (enotes.com)
- 1. the hydrogen released by the reaction of 90 grams of nitric acid on aluminum, was. (justaaa.com)
- 1. the hydrogen released by the reaction of 90 grams of nitric acid on aluminum, was used to make ammonia. (justaaa.com)
Make nitric acid4
- Can I make nitric acid without distillation using calcium nitrate and phosphoric acid? (sciencemadness.org)
- Chemical Forums: make nitric acid at home? (chemicalforums.com)
- Topic: make nitric acid at home? (chemicalforums.com)
- you can make nitric acid from NaHSO4, and a nitrate salt. (chemicalforums.com)
Nitrogen11
- In 1806, Humphry Davy reported the results of extensive distilled water electrolysis experiments concluding that nitric acid was produced at the anode from dissolved atmospheric nitrogen gas. (wikipedia.org)
- This process is based upon the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen by atmospheric oxygen to nitric oxide with a very high temperature electric arc. (wikipedia.org)
- In the method developed by the German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald in 1901, ammonia gas is successively oxidized to nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide by air or oxygen in the presence of a platinum gauze catalyst . (britannica.com)
- The nitrogen dioxide is absorbed in water to form nitric acid. (britannica.com)
- Nitric Acid is a key component to upgrade Ammonia for many Nitrogen based fertilizers, including Ammonium Nitrate and Urea Ammonium Nitrate. (everestsciences.com)
- Nitric Acid is used in the production of nitrogen-based fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate and urea. (vantagemarketresearch.com)
- Any acid works by donating Hydrogen to evolve water -- in the case of Nitric acid, the metal causes the nitric acid to break down into Hydrogen and nitrate ions which then combine with the copper to make copper nitrate, Nitrogen dioxide and water. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- power l-arginine is a popular amino acid for its amazing nitrogen retention ability. (organicfood-market.com)
- Nitric anhydride , a white crystalline oxide of nitrogen ( N2O5 ), called nitric pentoxide , and regarded as the anhydride of nitric acid. (freedictionary.org)
- On contact with the air or with oxygen, it becomes reddish brown from the formation of nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 , also called nitric dioxide or nitric peroxide). (freedictionary.org)
- All iron-oxide fume, nitric-acid (7697372), nitrogen-dioxide (10102440), sulfur-dioxide (7446095), and sulfuric-acid (7664939) concentrations were substantially below the applicable evaluation criteria. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations2
- Stainless steel is the most widely used nitric acid resistant material, which has good corrosion resistance to all concentrations of nitric acid at room temperature. (evpvacuum.com)
- In this experiment, we have observed corrosion behavior of 304L SS by both electrochemical analysis and non-electrochemical analysis in different nitric acid concentrations such as 0.4M, 0.5M, 0.6M, 1M, 2M and concentrated solution. (nitrkl.ac.in)
Colorless1
- Nitric oxide , a colorless poisous gas ( NO ) obtained by treating nitric acid with copper. (freedictionary.org)
Hydrofluoric1
- Do not use hydrofluoric or hot phosphoric acid in glass. (sciencecompany.com)
Phosphoric acid8
- Interesting to read that phosphoric acid can be used as well. (sciencemadness.org)
- How well did your glassware withstand the phosphoric acid? (sciencemadness.org)
- I read that hot phosphoric acid tends to corrode glass vessels and if this is true then that may reduce the usefulness of the method. (sciencemadness.org)
- Very nice, makes me wonder whether using calcium nitrate (a common fertiliser) and phosphoric acid might work even better because of the low solubility of the product salt. (sciencemadness.org)
- Of course phosphoric acid does work, it is not volatile, just like sulfuric. (sciencemadness.org)
- But you better do not use glass retorts for this, this glassware is too good to waste it like that (hot phosphoric acid! (sciencemadness.org)
- Thanks for the warnings re glass and phosphoric acid. (sciencemadness.org)
- The etching of glass with phosphoric acid is much less significant than, i.e. molten NaOH/KOH. (sciencemadness.org)
Chemical7
- Russian forces struck a tank containing nitric acid at a chemical plant in Ukraine's eastern city of Severodonetsk that they are trying to seize, the local governor said Tuesday, calling on people to stay in shelters. (deccanherald.com)
- An air strike by Moscow forces 'hit a tank with nitric acid at a chemical plant', the governor of the Lugansk region, Sergiy Gaiday, said on Telegram. (deccanherald.com)
- As with many Chemical processes, the high value suction air chiller can become a limiting factor in Nitric Acid production. (everestsciences.com)
- Nitric acid is a kind of strong acid chemical raw material with strong oxidizability and corrosiveness commonly used in chemical industry. (evpvacuum.com)
- 2BV stainless steel corrosion-resistant nitric acid pump is a single suction, multi-stage, section type corrosion-resistant chemical centrifugal pump, which is suitable for conveying corrosion-resistant liquid without solid particles. (evpvacuum.com)
- Nitric Acid, also known as Aqua Fortis, Engraver's Acid, Azotic Acid, and Hydrogen Nitrate has the chemical formula HNO 3 . (laballey.com)
- I bought my nitric acid from a chemical supply house, diluted it to 30% (if memory serves - the percentage widely recommended, in any event). (ganoksin.com)
Chlorine1
- Arsine reacts with strong oxidizers, chlorine, and nitric acid. (cdc.gov)
Decomposition2
- Dive into the research topics of 'Decomposition of three common selenium species found in animal tissues using microwave digestion with nitric acid and ICP-MS'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (edu.au)
- Decomposition of three common selenium species found in animal tissues using microwave digestion with nitric acid and ICP-MS . Microchemical Journal , 126 , 92-95. (edu.au)
Aqueous solution2
- Nitric acid is a strong acid, completely ionized into hydronium (H 3 O+) and nitrate (N O 3 -) ions in an aqueous solution, and a powerful oxidizing agent. (britannica.com)
- Alpha radiolysis of nitric acid aqueous solution by a ,238,Pu source is investigated experimentally and theoretically. (sinap.ac.cn)
Sulfuric7
- In the 17th century, Johann Rudolf Glauber devised a process to obtain nitric acid by distilling potassium nitrate with sulfuric acid. (wikipedia.org)
- A common laboratory process used for many years, ascribed to a German chemist, Johann Rudolf Glauber (1648), consisted of heating potassium nitrate with concentrated sulfuric acid . (britannica.com)
- The resulting acid-in-water solution (about 50-70 percent by weight acid) can be dehydrated by distillation with sulfuric acid. (britannica.com)
- The mechanical seal adopts the bellows type mechanical seal filled with tetrafluorocarbon material, which can effectively prevent the leakage of concentrated sulfuric acid. (evpvacuum.com)
- Sulfuric dioxide is produced when copper metal is heated up in concentrated sulfuric acid, and the resulting copper ions can easily react in several other copper related reactions. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- Copper is less reactive than many metals, but it does react with sulfuric acid. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- Other alternative methods that are used typically involve the use of nitric acid or combination of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, Author Manuscript which yield very poor recoveries for titanium dioxide. (cdc.gov)
Metals7
- The combination of Lewis acid and multiple redox active metals facilitates this four electron conversion via an isolable hyponitrite intermediate. (figshare.com)
- Most of the general metals are destroyed by rapid corrosion in nitric acid. (evpvacuum.com)
- Concentrated nitric acid is a very strong oxidator capable of reacting with the noble metals such as copper or silver (not gold, however). (prolotherapy.co.za)
- But nitric acid behaves differently (as an oxidizing acid) with less reactive metals such as copper, silver. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- Diluted acid solutions can be more effective than concentrated ones in attacking certain metals. (ganoksin.com)
- Exposure may occur when arsine gas is generated while metals or crude ores containing arsenic impurities are treated with acid (HSDB 2007). (cdc.gov)
- Exposure may result when arsenic containing metals (i.e., metal vats) undergo acid washes. (cdc.gov)
Oxide production2
- A combination of polyphenols reduced diastolic pressure by potentiating eNOS activation and nitric oxide production. (greenmedinfo.com)
- L-arginine powder helps support athletic endurance and helps boost nitric oxide production. (organicfood-market.com)
Protein Synthesis1
- increases vasodilation increases nitric oxide increases protein synthesis promotes immune function suggested use: take one scoop (5g) daily with 180 ml of water and your beverages before workouts or as recommended by your trainer or nutritionist. (organicfood-market.com)
20221
- The Global Nitric Acid Market was valued at USD 28.56 Billion in 2022 and is expected to reach a value of USD 33.46 Billion by 2030 . (vantagemarketresearch.com)
Calcium nitrate1
- His method produced nitric acid from electrolysis of calcium nitrate converted by bacteria from nitrogenous matter in peat bogs. (wikipedia.org)
Arginine7
- Vitaminhaat®L-Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid and is a precursor for the production of Nitric Oxide. (vitaminhaat.com)
- L-Arginine increases synthesis of nitric oxide which is a vasodilator that improves blood flow and makes it easier for the body to transport nutrients and oxygen to the muscles and joint tissues. (vitaminhaat.com)
- Vitaminhaat® L-Arginine gives 750mg of arginine per capsule, boosting the production of nitric oxide thus improving vasodilation for max weight pumping. (vitaminhaat.com)
- L-Arginine 2100mg Essential Amino Acid Cardiovascular Health Endurance Energy Formula. (alashare.com)
- l-arginine is an amino acid that plays an important role in several important pathways, including the synthesis of proteins, the production of creatine phosphate, needed to produce atp and the synthesis of nitric oxide, the secondary messenger involved in blood flow. (organicfood-market.com)
- Nitric oxide (NO) is formed from arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). (medscape.com)
- Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid, meaning that under healthy conditions, endogenous arginine production is adequate for metabolic needs, but under stress conditions, when arginine is excessively catabolized by the enzyme arginase, dietary intake of this amino acid is required. (medscape.com)
Distillation1
- The process to purify industrial/technical grade nitric acid involves a single stage distillation to leave non- volatile impurities in the still bottoms. (goelscientific.in)
Oxygen1
- N.E. Bibler, Curium-244 α radiolysis of nitric acid: Oxygen production from direct radiolysis of nitrate ions, J. Phys. (sinap.ac.cn)
Fume1
- I use 25% acid (roughly 1 part acid to 2 parts water) The acid should fume when you open the bottle ( yellow brown smoke) and always add the acid to the water very slowly and stir whilst doing so. (ganoksin.com)
Acetic3
- Avoid contact with acetic acid and readily oxidized substances. (flinnsci.com)
- Dangerous fire risk in contact with acetic acid, combustible or organic materials. (flinnsci.com)
- Never store with acetic acid. (flinnsci.com)
Reagent1
- Nitric acid is the primary reagent used for nitration - the addition of a nitro group, typically to an organic molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Amino acid3
- amino acid build muscles. (vitaminhaat.com)
- Essential Amino Acid. (alashare.com)
- Essential Amino Acid that helps with Waste Removal and Protein Production. (alashare.com)
Vapors2
- Industrial exposure to nitric acid vapors and mists is listed as a known human carcinogen by IARC (IARC-1). (flinnsci.com)
- The acid vapors flow through a mist removing packed section to the Glass condenser. (goelscientific.in)
Perchloric acid1
- Remember that perchloric acid is explosive when it comes in contact with organic materials. (lu.se)
Blood vessels1
- The enhanced blood flow caused by dilation of blood vessels supports transporting more amino acids to the muscles to support accelerated muscle recovery. (vitaminhaat.com)
Corrosion3
- It is worth mentioning that the corrosion resistance of molybdenum containing stainless steel to nitric acid is not only not better than that of ordinary stainless steel, sometimes even worse. (evpvacuum.com)
- 2. If it is 98% concentrated nitric acid, the 2be type stainless steel corrosion-resistant vacuum pump can be selected. (evpvacuum.com)
- However, in some particular nitric media, their corrosion potential may be shifted towards their transpassive domain. (nitrkl.ac.in)
Precursor1
- Atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals. (bvsalud.org)
Fumes2
- Nitric acid, red fuming appears as a pale yellow to reddish brown liquid generating red-brown fumes and having a suffocating odor. (laballey.com)
- Conc nitric normally fumes when you open the bottle. (ganoksin.com)
Suction1
- Suction air chilling will increase Nitric Acid production with minimal site impacts and at a much lower capital cost than air compressor additions or replacements. (everestsciences.com)
Phosphorus1
- This paper presents research results on phosphorus recovery from differently combusted sewage sludge with the use of nitric acid extraction. (degruyter.com)
Commonly2
- Nitric acid is also commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent. (wikipedia.org)
- People most commonly use alpha-lipoic acid for nerve pain in people with diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
Temperature2
- For high temperature nitric acid, fluoroplastic alloy is usually used, which is economical and durable. (evpvacuum.com)
- The optimum digestion conditions were determined by changing several variables including the acids used, digestion time, and temperature. (cdc.gov)
Copper7
- addition of nitric acid, Experimental setup: Concentrated nitric acid is simultaneously added to copper and aluminum samples. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- AKA-Penny Operated Nitric Acid Fountain Nitric acid acts upon copper to yield nitric oxide in an exothermic reaction. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- Copper metal is oxidized to Cu^(2+): CurarrCu^(2+) + 2e^(-) And nitrate is REDUCED to NO_2 if the nitric acid is concentrated. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- My lab partner and I got no reaction with nitric acid and potassium hydroixde, neutral reaction with zinc(II) nitrate and precipitation with the last one now im not so sure they are right Copper and Nitric Acid. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- Copper does not displace hydrogen from non-oxidising acids like HCl or dilute H2SO4. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- I am using nitric acid (74-75%) to etch copper for later enamelling, there is no problem. (ganoksin.com)
- I put a little piece of copper in the acid to check if it is okay. (ganoksin.com)
Increases1
- Beta glucan increases serum nitric oxide in hypercholesteremic patients. (greenmedinfo.com)
Reacts1
- 4Zn(s) + 10HNO3(aq)→ 4Zn(NO3)2(aq) + NH4NO3(aq) + 3H2O(l) A. Zinc, however, reacts with diluted nitric acid (for an analog, see Experiment 4.4.24.1). (prolotherapy.co.za)
Uranium1
- Dissolution of uranium dioxide in nitric acid media: what do we know? (epj-n.org)
Conjugate2
- It is a conjugate acid of a nitrate. (laballey.com)
- is the conjugate base of the weak acid. (besteconomicstutor.com)
Ammonium3
- Nitric acid is used for the production of ammonium nitrate, a major component of fertilizers. (britannica.com)
- Nitric Acid is used in the production of ammonium nitrate, which is a key ingredient in fertilizers. (vantagemarketresearch.com)
- The sidestream sludge treatment by free ammonium (FA)/free nitrous acid (FNA) dosing was frequently demonstrated to maintain the nitrite pathway for the partial nitrification (PN) process. (bvsalud.org)
Etch1
- I did not know that nitric acid (74-75% solution) by itself does not etch fine silver. (ganoksin.com)
Additionally2
- Additionally, new methods of using Nitric Acid in fertilizer production, such as solid-state fermentation, are expected to be developed and adopted over time. (vantagemarketresearch.com)
- Additionally, the report covers the competitive scenario by profiling leading players in the nitric acid market, as well as providing valuable insights on new opportunities and key market trends. (cwgrp.com)
Antoine Lavoisier1
- In 1776 Antoine Lavoisier cited Joseph Priestley's work to point out that it can be converted from nitric oxide (which he calls "nitrous air"), "combined with an approximately equal volume of the purest part of common air, and with a considerable quantity of water. (wikipedia.org)
Nitrous oxide1
- The reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is a process relevant to biological chemistry as well as to the abatement of certain environmental pollutants. (figshare.com)
Reaction4
- Reaction of the hyponitrite species with Brønsted acids leads to the generation of N 2 O, demonstrating the viability of the hyponitrite complex as an intermediate in NO reduction to N 2 O. The additional reducing equivalents stored in each tricopper unit are employed in a subsequent step for N 2 O reduction to N 2 , for an overall (partial) conversion of NO to N 2 . (figshare.com)
- Nitric acid is an oxidising agent and the reaction is not the usual acid + metal reaction. (prolotherapy.co.za)
- The simulation results agree well with the experimental data, indicating the validity of our model to treat the reaction paths for generation and consumption of nitrous acid. (sinap.ac.cn)
- Pouring water into your acid should have produced an immediate and possibly explosive thermal reaction. (ganoksin.com)
Production6
- The industrial production of nitric acid from atmospheric air began in 1905 with the Birkeland-Eyde process, also known as the arc process. (wikipedia.org)
- The dramatic increase in the production of Ammonia has led to the demand for more Nitric Acid. (everestsciences.com)
- The market research report on the global Nitric Acid industry provides a comprehensive study of the various techniques and materials used in the production of Nitric Acid market products. (tealfeed.com)
- Starting from industry chain analysis to cost structure analysis, the report analyzes multiple aspects, including the production and end-use segments of the Nitric Acid market products. (tealfeed.com)
- The latest trends in the industry have been detailed in the report to measure their impact on the production of Nitric Acid market products. (tealfeed.com)
- Every organization partaking in the global production of the Nitric Acid market products have been mentioned in this report, in order to study the insights on cost-effective manufacturing methods, competitive landscape, and new avenues for applications. (tealfeed.com)
Ions1
- If so, very conc acids often dont react much as they need the water to form the H+ ions. (ganoksin.com)
Oxidizer1
- Nitric acid is an oxidizer. (wikipedia.org)
Digestion3
- This study explores a novel approach for enhancing anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) through the combined pretreatment of fungal mash and free nitrous acid (FNA). (bvsalud.org)
- However, there are several challenges and problems encountered with these recommended exposure assessment methods involving the accurate quantitation of titanium dioxide collected on air filters using acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). (cdc.gov)
- In this current study, a microwave-assisted acid digestion method has been specifically designed to improve the recovery of titanium in TiO2 nanoparticles for quantitative analysis using ICP-OES. (cdc.gov)