Nitrates. Medical search

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. It is a cytochrome protein that contains IRON and MOLYBDENUM.

An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. It is a FLAVOPROTEIN that contains IRON and MOLYBDENUM and is involved in the first step of nitrate assimilation in PLANTS; FUNGI; and BACTERIA. It was formerly classified as EC 1.6.6.1.

A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.

An iron-sulfur and MOLYBDENUM containing FLAVOPROTEIN that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. This enzyme can use either NAD or NADP as cofactors. It is a key enzyme that is involved in the first step of nitrate assimilation in PLANTS; FUNGI; and BACTERIA. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.6.6.2.

Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of negatively charged molecules (anions) across a biological membrane.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.94. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.

A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.

A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.

A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.

Inorganic compounds that contain potassium as an integral part of the molecule.

A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a more prolonged duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1025)

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.

Nitrate reduction process generally mediated by anaerobic bacteria by which nitrogen available to plants is converted to a gaseous form and lost from the soil or water column. It is a part of the nitrogen cycle.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate in the presence of NADP+. It is a FLAVOPROTEIN that contains IRON and MOLYBDENUM. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.6.6.3 and should not be confused with the enzyme NITRATE REDUCTASE (NAD(P)H).

Inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen as an integral part of the molecule.

Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.

Nonmotile unicellular green algae potentially valuable as a source of high-grade protein and B-complex vitamins.

Stable nitrogen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element nitrogen, but differ in atomic weight. N-15 is a stable nitrogen isotope.

A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

Compounds based on pyrazino[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is a pyrimidine fused to a pyrazine, containing four NITROGEN atoms.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

Inorganic compounds that contain tungsten as an integral part of the molecule.

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

A technique for growing plants in culture solutions rather than in soil. The roots are immersed in an aerated solution containing the correct proportions of essential mineral salts. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.

Derivatives of formic acids. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are formed with a single carbon carboxy group.

The space between the inner and outer membranes of a cell that is shared with the cell wall.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.

Small molecules that are required for the catalytic function of ENZYMES. Many VITAMINS are coenzymes.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.

Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.

Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)

A species of bacteria isolated from soil.

A species of the Beta genus. Cultivars are used as a source of beets (root) or chard (leaves).

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.

Flavoproteins that catalyze reversibly the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate. Many compounds can act as acceptors, but the only physiologically active acceptor is NAD. The enzymes are active in the fermentation of sugars and other compounds to carbon dioxide and are the key enzymes in obtaining energy when bacteria are grown on formate as the main carbon source. They have been purified from bovine blood. EC 1.2.1.2.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.

The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Proteins that have one or more tightly bound metal ions forming part of their structure. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The process in certain BACTERIA; FUNGI; and CYANOBACTERIA converting free atmospheric NITROGEN to biologically usable forms of nitrogen, such as AMMONIA; NITRATES; and amino compounds.

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide.

A phylum of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria comprised of unicellular to multicellular bacteria possessing CHLOROPHYLL a and carrying out oxygenic PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Cyanobacteria are the only known organisms capable of fixing both CARBON DIOXIDE (in the presence of light) and NITROGEN. Cell morphology can include nitrogen-fixing heterocysts and/or resting cells called akinetes. Formerly called blue-green algae, cyanobacteria were traditionally treated as ALGAE.

Hemeproteins whose characteristic mode of action involves transfer of reducing equivalents which are associated with a reversible change in oxidation state of the prosthetic group. Formally, this redox change involves a single-electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539). The various cytochrome subclasses are organized by the type of HEME and by the wavelength range of their reduced alpha-absorption bands.

Gram-negative non-motile bacteria found in soil or brines.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

The interference in synthesis of an enzyme due to the elevated level of an effector substance, usually a metabolite, whose presence would cause depression of the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

A genus of ascomycetous fungi, family Sordariaceae, order SORDARIALES, comprising bread molds. They are capable of converting tryptophan to nicotinic acid and are used extensively in genetic and enzyme research. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.

A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that oxidizes nitrites to nitrates. Its organisms occur in aerobic environments where organic matter is being mineralized, including soil, fresh water, and sea water.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

A diverse group of agents, with unique chemical structures and biochemical requirements, which generate NITRIC OXIDE. These compounds have been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the management of acute myocardial infarction, acute and chronic congestive heart failure, and surgical control of blood pressure. (Adv Pharmacol 1995;34:361-81)

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

Compounds that contain the Cl(=O)(=O)(=O)O- structure. Included under this heading is perchloric acid and the salts and ester forms of perchlorate.

An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Liquid water present beneath the surface of the earth.

A group of proteins possessing only the iron-sulfur complex as the prosthetic group. These proteins participate in all major pathways of electron transport: photosynthesis, respiration, hydroxylation and bacterial hydrogen and nitrogen fixation.

Compounds based on fumaric acid.

Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Inorganic compounds that include a positively charged tetrahedral nitrogen (ammonium ion) as part of their structure. This class of compounds includes a broad variety of simple ammonium salts and derivatives.

A species of ascomycetous fungi of the family Sordariaceae, order SORDARIALES, much used in biochemical, genetic, and physiologic studies.

A class of compounds that contain a -NH2 and a -NO radical. Many members of this group have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.

An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.

Uranium. A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic nidulin is obtained. Its teleomorph is Emericella nidulans.

Water that is intended to be ingested.

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.

An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.

Inorganic oxides that contain nitrogen.

The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores.

Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The circulation of nitrogen in nature, consisting of a cycle of biochemical reactions in which atmospheric nitrogen is compounded, dissolved in rain, and deposited in the soil, where it is assimilated and metabolized by bacteria and plants, eventually returning to the atmosphere by bacterial decomposition of organic matter.

Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

Cells, usually bacteria or yeast, which have partially lost their cell wall, lost their characteristic shape and become round.

The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

A group of organic sulfur-containing nitrites, alkyl thionitrites. S-Nitrosothiols include compounds such as S-NITROSO-N-ACETYLPENICILLAMINE and S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE.

1,1'-Bis(phenylmethyl)4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride. Oxidation-reduction indicator.

Conversion into nitroso compounds. An example is the reaction of nitrites with amino compounds to form carcinogenic N-nitrosamines.

Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS, containing multiple genomovars. It is distinguishable from other pseudomonad species by its ability to use MALTOSE and STARCH as sole carbon and energy sources. It can degrade ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS and has been used as a model organism to study denitrification.

A genus of gram-negative, curved and spiral-shaped bacteria found in stagnant, freshwater environments. These organisms are motile by bipolar tufts of flagella having a long wavelength and about one helical turn. Some species of Spirillum cause a form of RAT-BITE FEVER.

The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.

A CALCIUM-independent subtype of nitric oxide synthase that may play a role in immune function. It is an inducible enzyme whose expression is transcriptionally regulated by a variety of CYTOKINES.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Inorganic compounds that contain selenium as an integral part of the molecule.

An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.

Yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES isolated from exuded tree sap.

A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.

Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.

Solution titration in which the end point is read from the electrode-potential variations with the concentrations of potential determining ions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A genus of colorless, filamentous bacteria in the family THIOTRICHACEAE whose cells contain inclusions of sulfur granules. When found in decaying seaweed beds and polluted water, its presence signals environmental degradation.

A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, L-glutamate, and NH3 to ADP, orthophosphate, and L-glutamine. It also acts more slowly on 4-methylene-L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.3.1.2.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A family of gram-negative bacteria in the order Rhodocyclales, class BETAPROTEOBACTERIA. It includes many genera previously assigned to the family PSEUDOMONADACEAE.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

A group of proteobacteria consisting of chemoorganotrophs usually associated with the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM of humans and animals.

Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.

A phylum of bacteria consisting of the purple bacteria and their relatives which form a branch of the eubacterial tree. This group of predominantly gram-negative bacteria is classified based on homology of equivalent nucleotide sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA or by hybridization of ribosomal RNA or DNA with 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA.

Any technique by which an unknown color is evaluated in terms of standard colors. The technique may be visual, photoelectric, or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. It is used in chemistry and physics. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.

An enzyme that oxidizes an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.70.

An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.

The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

A genus of CYANOBACTERIA consisting of trichomes that are untapered with conspicuous constrictions at cross-walls. A firm individual sheath is absent, but a soft covering is often present. Many species are known worldwide as major components of freshwater PLANKTON and also of many saline lakes. The species ANABAENA FLOS-AQUAE is responsible for acute poisonings of various animals.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods. It is a saprophytic, marine organism which is often isolated from spoiling fish.

A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Growth of organisms using AUTOTROPHIC PROCESSES for obtaining nutrients and chemotrophic processes for obtaining a primary energy supply. Chemotrophic processes are involved in deriving a primary energy supply from exogenous chemical sources. Chemotrophic autotrophs (chemoautotrophs) generally use inorganic chemicals as energy sources and as such are called chemolithoautotrophs. Most chemoautotrophs live in hostile environments, such as deep sea vents. They are mostly BACTERIA and ARCHAEA, and are the primary producers for those ecosystems.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

A plant genus of the family ERICACEAE known for species with edible fruits.

A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised of chemoheterotrophs and chemoautotrophs which derive nutrients from decomposition of organic material.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.

Plant tissue that carries nutrients, especially sucrose, by turgor pressure. Movement is bidirectional, in contrast to XYLEM where it is only upward. Phloem originates and grows outwards from meristematic cells (MERISTEM) in the vascular cambium. P-proteins, a type of LECTINS, are characteristically found in phloem.

1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.

A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.

Accumulations of solid or liquid animal excreta usually from stables and barnyards with or without litter material. Its chief application is as a fertilizer. (From Webster's 3d ed)

A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener.

Compounds having the nitro group, -NO2, attached to carbon. When attached to nitrogen they are nitramines and attached to oxygen they are NITRATES.

The processes by which organisms utilize organic substances as their nutrient sources. Contrasts with AUTOTROPHIC PROCESSES which make use of simple inorganic substances as the nutrient supply source. Heterotrophs can be either chemoheterotrophs (or chemoorganotrophs) which also require organic substances such as glucose for their primary metabolic energy requirements, or photoheterotrophs (or photoorganotrophs) which derive their primary energy requirements from light. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (AUTOTROPHY; heterotrophy; chemotrophy; or PHOTOTROPHY) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrients and energy requirements.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria usually containing granules of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. They characteristically invade the root hairs of leguminous plants and act as intracellular symbionts.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

A widely cultivated plant, native to Asia, having succulent, edible leaves eaten as a vegetable. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)

The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.

The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of XANTHINE in the presence of NAD+ to form URIC ACID and NADH. It acts also on a variety of other purines and aldehydes.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

Organic matter in a state of advanced decay, after passing through the stages of COMPOST and PEAT and before becoming lignite (COAL). It is composed of a heterogenous mixture of compounds including phenolic radicals and acids that polymerize and are not easily separated nor analyzed. (E.A. Ghabbour & G. Davies, eds. Humic Substances, 2001).

Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.

The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.

Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A species of halophilic archaea found in the Mediterranean Sea. It produces bacteriocins active against a range of other halobacteria.

Substances released by PLANTS such as PLANT GUMS and PLANT RESINS.

A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

Denitrifying Pseudomonas aeruginosa: some parameters of growth and active transport. (1/4235)

Optimal cell yield of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown under denitrifying conditions was obtained with 100 mM nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor, irrespective of the medium used. Nitrite as the terminal electron acceptor supported poor denitrifying growth when concentrations of less than 15 mM, but not higher, were used, apparently owing to toxicity exerted by nitrite. Nitrite accumulated in the medium during early exponential phase when nitrate was the terminal electron acceptor and then decreased to extinction before midexponential phase. The maximal rate of glucose and gluconate transport was supported by 1 mM nitrate or nitrite as the terminal electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. The transport rate was greater with nitrate than with nitrite as the terminal electron acceptor, but the greatest transport rate was observed under aerobic conditions with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. When P. aeruginosa was inoculated into a denitrifying environment, nitrate reductase was detected after 3 h of incubation, nitrite reductase was detected after another 4 h of incubation, and maximal nitrate and nitrite reductase activities peaked together during midexponential phase. The latter coincided with maximal glucose transport activity. (+info)

Overexpression of CuZn superoxide dismutase protects RAW 264.7 macrophages against nitric oxide cytotoxicity. (2/4235)

Initiation of nitric oxide (NO.)-mediated apoptotic cell death in RAW 264.7 macrophages is associated with up-regulation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD; SOD2) and down-regulation of cytosolic copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD; SOD1) at their individual mRNA and protein levels. To evaluate the decreased CuZnSOD expression and the initiation of apoptosis we stably transfected macrophages to overexpress human CuZnSOD. Individual clones revealed a 2-fold increase in CuZnSOD activity. Expression of a functional and thus protective CuZnSOD was verified by attenuated superoxide (O2(.)-)-mediated apoptotic as well as necrotic cell death. In this study we showed that SOD-overexpressing macrophages (R-SOD1-12) were also protected against NO.-initiated programmed cell death. Protection was substantial towards NO. derived from exogenously added NO donors or when NO. was generated by inducible NO synthase activation, and was evident at the level of p53 accumulation, caspase activation and DNA fragmentation. Stimulation of parent and SOD-overexpressing cells with a combination of lipopolysaccharide and murine interferon gamma produced equivalent amounts of nitrite/nitrate, which ruled out attenuated inducible NO. synthase activity during protection. Because protection by a O2(.)--scavenging system during NO. -intoxication implies a role of NO. and O2(.)- in the progression of cell damage, we used uric acid to delineate the role of peroxynitrite during NO.-elicited apoptosis. The peroxynitrite scavenger uric acid left S-nitrosoglutathione or spermine-NO-elicited apoptosis unaltered, blocking only 3-morpholinosydnonimine-mediated cell death. As a result we exclude peroxynitrite from contributing, to any major extent, to NO. -mediated apoptosis. Therefore protection observed with CuZnSOD overexpression is unlikely to stem from interference with peroxynitrite formation and/or action. Unequivocally, the down-regulation of CuZnSOD is associated with NO. cytotoxicity, whereas CuZnSOD overexpression protects macrophages from apoptosis. (+info)

Molecular characterization of the nitrite-reducing system of Staphylococcus carnosus. (3/4235)

Characterization of a nitrite reductase-negative Staphylococcus carnosus Tn917 mutant led to the identification of the nir operon, which encodes NirBD, the dissimilatory NADH-dependent nitrite reductase; SirA, the putative oxidase and chelatase, and SirB, the uroporphyrinogen III methylase, both of which are necessary for biosynthesis of the siroheme prosthetic group; and NirR, which revealed no convincing similarity to proteins with known functions. We suggest that NirR is essential for nir promoter activity. In the absence of NirR, a weak promoter upstream of sirA seems to drive transcription of sirA, nirB, nirD, and sirB in the stationary-growth phase. In primer extension experiments one predominant and several weaker transcription start sites were identified in the nir promoter region. Northern blot analyses indicated that anaerobiosis and nitrite are induction factors of the nir operon: cells grown aerobically with nitrite revealed small amounts of full-length transcript whereas cells grown anaerobically with or without nitrite showed large amounts of full-length transcript. Although a transcript is detectable, no nitrite reduction occurs in cells grown aerobically with nitrite, indicating an additional oxygen-controlled step at the level of translation, enzyme folding, assembly, or insertion of prosthetic groups. The nitrite-reducing activity expressed during anaerobiosis is switched off reversibly when the oxygen tension increases, most likely due to competition for electrons with the aerobic respiratory chain. Another gene, nirC, is located upstream of the nir operon. nirC encodes a putative integral membrane-spanning protein of unknown function. A nirC mutant showed no distinct phenotype. (+info)

Nitrate-dependent regulation of acetate biosynthesis and nitrate respiration by Clostridium thermoaceticum. (4/4235)

Nitrate has been shown to shunt the electron flow in Clostridium thermoaceticum from CO2 to nitrate, but it did not influence the levels of enzymes involved in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (J. M. Frostl, C. Seifritz, and H. L. Drake, J. Bacteriol. 178:4597-4603, 1996). Here we show that under some growth conditions, nitrate does in fact repress proteins involved in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. The CO oxidation activity in crude extracts of nitrate (30 mM)-supplemented cultures was fivefold less than that of nitrate-free cultures, while the H2 oxidation activity was six- to sevenfold lower. The decrease in CO oxidation activity paralleled a decrease in CO dehydrogenase (CODH) protein level, as confirmed by Western blot analysis. Protein levels of CODH in nitrate-supplemented cultures were 50% lower than those in nitrate-free cultures. Western blots analyses showed that nitrate also decreased the levels of the corrinoid iron-sulfur protein (60%) and methyltransferase (70%). Surprisingly, the decrease in activity and protein levels upon nitrate supplementation was observed only when cultures were continuously sparged. Northern blot analysis indicates that the regulation of the proteins involved in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway by nitrate is at the transcriptional level. At least a 10-fold decrease in levels of cytochrome b was observed with nitrate supplementation whether the cultures were sparged or stoppered. We also detected nitrate-inducible nitrate reductase activity (2 to 39 nmol min-1 mg-1) in crude extracts of C. thermoaceticum. Our results indicate that nitrate coordinately represses genes encoding enzymes and electron transport proteins in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and activates transcription of nitrate respiratory proteins. CO2 also appears to induce expression of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway genes and repress nitrate reductase activity. (+info)

Nonanticoagulant heparin prevents coronary endothelial dysfunction after brief ischemia-reperfusion injury in the dog. (5/4235)

BACKGROUND: Coronary endothelial dysfunction after brief ischemia-reperfusion (IR) remains a clinical problem. We investigated the role of heparin and N-acetylheparin, a nonanticoagulant heparin derivative, in modulating coronary endothelial function after IR injury, with an emphasis on defining the role of the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathway in the heparin-mediated effect. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male mongrel dogs were surgically instrumented, and the effects of both bovine heparin and N-acetylheparin on coronary endothelial vasomotor function, expressed as percent change from baseline flow after acetylcholine challenge, were studied after 15 minutes of regional ischemia of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. In dogs treated with placebo (saline), coronary vasomotor function was significantly (P+info)

Altered vascular reactivity following partial nephrectomy in the rat: a possible mechanism of the blood-pressure-lowering effect of heparin. (6/4235)

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess whether the antihypertensive effect of heparin in rats after renal mass reduction (RMR) is related to changes in nitric oxide activity, and to study in vitro the altered behaviour of resistance-sized arteries induced by chronic administration of heparin. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were assigned to one of two experimental protocols. In the first protocol, RMR rats received heparin (250 units/day s.c.) and tail systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly for 4 weeks. In a subgroup, urinary nitrate excretion (UNO3) and in vitro vascular reactivity of isolated perfused mesenteric arterial beds were measured 2 weeks after RMR. The second protocol assessed whether inhibition of NO synthesis with L-NAME (70 mg/l added to the drinking water) prevents the blood-pressure-lowering effect of heparin. RESULTS: In untreated RMR rats SBP increased from 111+/-3 mmHg to 127+/-5 mmHg at 2 weeks and 139+/-5 mmHg at 4 weeks. In contrast, in RMR rats treated with heparin, SBP was 114 +/-3 mmHg at 2 weeks and 115+/-4 mmHg at 4 weeks (P<0.05 for both). Treatment with L-NAME increased SBP both in untreated and heparin-treated RMR groups. Two weeks after nephrectomy daily urinary nitrate increased significantly more in RMR rats treated with heparin than in untreated RMR rats (22+/-2 vs 14.2+/-2.3 micromol/day, P<0.05). In vitro studies performed at 2 weeks showed that vessels of untreated RMR rats had a blunted vasodilator response to acetylcholine that was restored to levels similar to that of controls in the heparin-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, in rats after renal ablation, heparin may exert its antihypertensive effect, at least in part, by affecting the altered behaviour of resistance vessels during the development phase of hypertension. Increased NO production may contribute to this effect. (+info)

Salivary contribution to exhaled nitric oxide. (7/4235)

Dietary and metabolic nitrate is distributed from the blood to the saliva by active uptake in the salivary glands, and is reduced to nitrite in the oral cavity by the action of certain bacteria. Since it has been reported that nitric oxide may be formed nonenzymatically from nitrite this study aimed to determine whether salivary nitrite could influence measurements of exhaled NO. Ten healthy subjects fasted overnight and ingested 400 mg potassium nitrate, equivalent to approximately 200 g spinach. Exhaled NO and nasal NO were regularly measured with a chemiluminescence technique up to 3 h after the ingestion. Measurements of exhaled NO were performed with a single-breath procedure, standardized to a 20-s exhalation, at a flow of 0.15 L x s(-1), and oral pressure of 8-10 cmH2O. Values of NO were registered as NO release rate (pmol x s(-1)) during the plateau of exhalation. Exhaled NO increased steadily over time after nitrate load and a maximum was seen at 120 min (77.0+/-15.2 versus 31.2+/-3.0 pmol x s(-1), p<0.01), whereas no increase was detected in nasal NO levels. Salivary nitrite concentrations increased in parallel; at 120 min there was a four-fold increase compared with baseline (1.56+/-0.44 versus 0.37+/-0.09 mM, p<0.05). The nitrite-reducing conditions in the oral cavity were also manipulated by the use of different mouthwash procedures. The antibacterial agent chlorhexidine acetate (0.2%) decreased NO release by almost 50% (p<0.01) 90 min after nitrate loading and reduced the preload control levels by close to 30% (p<0.05). Sodium bicarbonate (10%) also reduced exhaled NO levels, but to a somewhat lesser extent than chlorhexidine acetate. In conclusion, salivary nitric oxide formation contributes to nitric oxide in exhaled air and a large intake of nitrate-rich foods before the investigation might be misinterpreted as an elevated inflammatory activity in the airways. This potential source of error and the means for avoiding it should be considered in the development of a future standardized method for measurements of exhaled nitric oxide. (+info)

Nitric oxide inhibits caspase-3 by S-nitrosation in vivo. (8/4235)

In cultured human endothelial cells, physiological levels of NO prevent apoptosis and interfere with the activation of the caspase cascade. In vitro data have demonstrated that NO inhibits the activity of caspase-3 by S-nitrosation of the enzyme. Here we present evidence for the in vivo occurrence and functional relevance of this novel antiapoptotic mechanism. To demonstrate that the cysteine residue Cys-163 of caspase-3 is S-nitrosated, cells were transfected with the Myc-tagged p17 subunit of caspase-3. After incubation of the transfected cells with different NO donors, Myc-tagged p17 was immunoprecipitated with anti-Myc antibody. S-Nitrosothiol was detected in the immunoprecipitate by electron spin resonance spectroscopy after liberation and spin trapping of NO by N-methyl-D-glucamine-dithiocarbamate-iron complex. Transfection of cells with a p17 mutant, where the essential Cys-163 was mutated into alanine, completely prevented S-nitrosation of the enzyme. As a functional correlate, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells the NO donors sodium nitroprusside or PAPA NONOate (50 microM) significantly reduced the increase in caspase-3-like activity induced by overexpressing caspase-3 by 75 and 70%, respectively. When human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cotransfected with beta-galactosidase, morphological analysis of stained cells revealed that cell death induction by overexpression of caspase-3 was completely suppressed in the presence of sodium nitroprusside, PAPA NONOate, or S-nitroso-L-cysteine (50 microM). Thus, NO supplied by exogenous NO donors serves in vivo as an antiapoptotic regulator of caspase activity via S-nitrosation of the Cys-163 residue of caspase-3. (+info)

In organic chemistry, peroxyacyl nitrates (also known as Acyl peroxy nitrates, APN or PANs) are powerful respiratory and eye ... LaFranchi, B. W.; Wolfe, G. M. (2009). "Closing the peroxy acetyl nitrate budget: observations of acyl peroxy nitrates (PAN, ... They are nitrates produced in the thermal equilibrium between organic peroxy radicals by the gas-phase oxidation of a variety ... For example, peroxyacetyl nitrate, CH3C(O)OONO2: Hydrocarbons + O 2 + NO 2 + light ⟶ CH 3 COOONO 2 {\displaystyle {\ce { ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxyacyl_nitrates

Double nitrates of cerium also exist. Anhydrous cerous nitrate, also called cerium(III) nitrate, is the anhydrous salt with the ... Ceric magnesium nitrate Mg[Ce(NO 3) 6.8H 2O] Ceric zinc nitrate Zn[Ce(NO 3) 6.8H 2O] Ceric nickel nitrate Ni[Ce(NO 3) 6.8H 2O] ... Ceric rubidium nitrate Rb 2[Ce(NO 3) 6] is reddish yellow. Ceric caesium nitrate Cs 2[Ce(NO 3) 6] is very insoluble in nitric ... Ceric nitrate is quite soluble in non polar solvents such as ethyl ether. Ether will extract the cerium nitrate from 5N nitric ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium_nitrates

The sulfate nitrates are a family of double salts that contain both sulfate and nitrate ions (NO3−, SO42−). They are in the ... Two sulfate nitrates are in the class of anthropogenic compounds, accidentally made as a result of human activities in ... CS1 German-language sources (de), Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Sulfates, Nitrates, ... A new rare nitrate-sulphate mineral from a guano deposit at Punta de Lobos, Chile". American Mineralogist. 97 (10): 1783-1787. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate_nitrates

... is a polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NO− 3. Salts containing this ion are called nitrates. Nitrates are common ... While nitrate is much less toxic than ammonia, levels over 30 ppm of nitrate can inhibit growth, impair the immune system and ... Almost all inorganic nitrates are soluble in water. An example of an insoluble nitrate is bismuth oxynitrate. The ion is the ... Nitrate formation with elements of the periodic table: v t e Salts and covalent derivatives of the nitrate ion Ammonium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate

... is an inorganic compound with the idealized chemical formula Be(NO3)2. The formula suggests a salt, but, as ... ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. v t e Salts and covalent derivatives of the nitrate ion v t e (Use dmy dates from March 2021, Chemical ... "When added to water, brown fumes are evolved; when hydrolyzed in sodium hydroxide solution, both nitrate and nitrite ions are ... Unlike the basic acetate, with its six lipophilic methyl groups, the basic nitrate is insoluble in most solvents. NIOSH Pocket ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium_nitrate

... CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards v t e Salts and covalent derivatives of the nitrate ion (Articles ... At elevated temperatures, barium nitrate decomposes to barium oxide: 2Ba(NO3)2 → 2BaO + 4NO2 + O2 Barium nitrate is used in the ... the high density of barium nitrate results in baratol being quite dense as well. Barium nitrate mixed with aluminium powder, a ... Nitrates, Nitrate minerals, Pyrotechnic oxidizers, Pyrotechnic colorants, Oxidizing agents). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_nitrate

... (abbreviated: PVN) is a high-energy polymer with the idealized formula of [CH2CH(ONO2)]. Polyvinyl nitrate is ... Because of the nitrate groups of PVN, polyvinyl nitrate is mainly used for its explosive and energetic capabilities. ... PVN can be prepared by nitrating polyvinyl alcohol with an excess of nitric acid. Because PVN is also a nitrate ester like ... The NO2+ attaches to the oxygen in the PVA and creates a nitrate group, producing polyvinyl nitrate. This method results in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_nitrate

... is the organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)ONO2. It is classified as the mixed anhydride of nitric and ... Louw, Robert "Acetyl nitrate" e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis 2001, 1-2. doi:10.1002/047084289X.ra032 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl_nitrate

... is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KNO 3. This alkali metal nitrate salt is also known as ... The sand itself is dug out and leached for nitrates which were then converted to potassium nitrate using potash, as above. From ... Ternary salts, with the addition of calcium nitrate or lithium nitrate, have been found to improve the heat storage capacity in ... O2 Potassium nitrate has a wide variety of uses, largely as a source of nitrate. Historically, nitric acid was produced by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_nitrate

... is an inorganic compound with the formula LiNO3. It is the lithium salt of nitric acid (an alkali metal nitrate ... Berchiesi, Gianfrancesco; Vitali, Giovanni; Amico, Antonio (1985). "Transport properties of lithium nitrate and calcium nitrate ... Lithium nitrate can be toxic to the body when ingested by targeting the central nervous system, thyroids, kidneys, and cardio- ... Lithium nitrate can be synthesized by reacting nitric acid and lithium carbonate. Li2CO3 + 2 HNO3 → 2 LiNO3 + H2O + CO2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_nitrate

Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NO− 3 Nitrate or nitrates may also refer to: Nitrates, a group of salts ... in photography it is a synonym for chemical nitrocellulose Nitrate City, Alabama All pages with titles containing Nitrate ... Nitrite This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Nitrate. If an internal link led you here, you may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate_(disambiguation)

... is a sensitive explosive. When ignited it burns extremely fiercely with a gray-blue flame. Methyl nitrate is a ... As well as being an explosive, methyl nitrate is toxic and causes headaches when inhaled. Methyl nitrate has not received much ... H2O A newer method uses methyl iodide and silver nitrate: CH3I + AgNO3 → CH3NO3 + AgI Methyl nitrate can be produced on a ... Methyl nitrate is the methyl ester of nitric acid and has the chemical formula CH3NO3. It is a colourless explosive volatile ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_nitrate

... is an organomercury compound with powerful antiseptic and antifungal effects. It was once commonly used ... "Antifungal effect of ophthalmic preservatives phenylmercuric nitrate and benzalkonium chloride on ocular pathogenic filamentous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylmercuric_nitrate

... or ethylamine nitrate (EAN) is a salt with formula C 2H 8N 2O 3 or (C 2H 5)NH+ 3·NO− 3. It is an odorless ... Ethylammonium nitrate can be produced by heating ethyl nitrate with an alcoholic solution of ammonia or by reacting ethylamine ... Ethylammonium nitrate is used as an electrically conductive solvent in electrochemistry and as a protein crystallization agent ... Garlitz, Jennifer A.; Summers, Catherine A.; Flowers, Robert A.; Borgstahl, Gloria E. O. (1999). "Ethylammonium nitrate: a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylammonium_nitrate

... may also be prepared a metathesis reaction between aluminium sulfate and a nitrate salt with a suitable ... and as a nitrating agent. The nonahydrate and other hydrated aluminium nitrates have many applications. These salts are used to ... aluminium nitrate nonahydrate, Al(NO3)3·9H2O. Aluminium nitrate cannot be synthesized by the reaction of aluminium with ... Aluminium nitrate is a white, water-soluble salt of aluminium and nitric acid, most commonly existing as the crystalline ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_nitrate

Due to its instability, it is often produced from chlorine nitrate as needed[citation needed]. Fluorine nitrate is formed when ... Fluorine nitrate is an unstable derivative of nitric acid with the formula FNO 3. It is shock-sensitive. ... ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. v t e Salts and covalent derivatives of the nitrate ion v t e (CS1 errors: missing periodical, Articles ... "The Reaction of Fluorine with Nitric acid and with Solid Potassium Nitrate to Form NO3F". Communication. {{cite journal}}: Cite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorine_nitrate

The silver nitrate reacts with copper to form hairlike crystals of silver metal and a blue solution of copper nitrate: 2 AgNO3 ... A typical reaction with silver nitrate is to suspend a rod of copper in a solution of silver nitrate and leave it for a few ... Silver nitrate is known to be a skin and eye irritant. Silver nitrate has not been thoroughly investigated for potential ... "silver nitrate". Chemister.ru. Retrieved 2014-07-20. Meyer, P.; Rimsky, A.; Chevalier, R. (1978). "Structure du nitrate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_nitrate

Uranyl nitrates are common starting materials for the synthesis of other uranyl compounds because the nitrate ligand is easily ... Uranyl nitrate is a water-soluble yellow uranium salt with the formula UO2(NO3)2 · n H2O. The hexa-, tri-, and dihydrates are ... Uranyl nitrate can be prepared by reaction of uranium salts with nitric acid. It is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone. As ... In the equatorial plane of the complex are six U-O bonds to bidentate nitrate and two water ligands. At 245 pm, these U-O bonds ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranyl_nitrate

First, nitrate assimilation is initiated by the uptake of nitrate from the root system, reduced to nitrite by nitrate reductase ... Nitrate reductase can be used to test nitrate concentrations in biofluids. Nitrate reductase promotes amino acid production in ... Prokaryotic nitrate reductases have two major types, transmembrane nitrate reductases and periplasmic nitrate reductases. The ... assimilatory nitrate reductases (Nas), respiratory nitrate reductase (Nar), and periplasmic nitrate reductases (Nap). The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate_reductase

... can be prepared by nitrating ethanol with fuming nitric acid or a mixture of concentrated sulfuric and nitric ... the water is saturated with alkyl nitrates, likely formed by natural processes. Ethyl nitrate has been prepared by bubbling ... Ethyl nitrate is found in the atmosphere, where it can react with other gases to form smog. Originally thought to be a ... Ethyl nitrate is the ethyl ester of nitric acid and has the chemical formula C2H5NO3. It is a colourless, volatile, explosive, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_nitrate

... (Dutch: Lyrisch Nitraat) is a 1991 collage film by Peter Delpeut. The film consists of clips from various ... Lyrical Nitrate at IMDb MUBI Chicago Reader Review (Articles containing Dutch-language text, IMDb ID same as Wikidata, 1991 ... The Forbidden Quest, Delpeut's unofficial sequel to Lyrical Nitrate. Lost film BAMPFA Canby, Vincent (1991-10-11). "The Beauty ... silent films printed on decaying nitrate film stock, including shorts, documentaries, and travelogues. There is no formal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyrical_Nitrate

... can refer to: Mercury(I) nitrate, Hg2(NO3)2 Mercury(II) nitrate, Hg(NO3)2 This set index page lists chemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_nitrate

A common nitrate test, known as the brown ring test can be performed by adding iron(II) sulfate to a solution of a nitrate, ... A Nitrate Test is a chemical test used to determine the presence of nitrate ion in solution. Testing for the presence of ... The nitrate anion is an oxidizer, and many tests for the nitrate anion are based on this property. However, other oxidants ... Nitrate can also be detected by first reducing it to the more reactive nitrite ion and using one of many nitrite tests. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate_test

... has a good thermal stability. Its weight loss rate at 100 °C is slower than that of ammonium nitrate. Its ... Hydrazine nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula N2H4·HNO3. It has usage in liquid explosives as an ... Hydrazine nitrate is produced by the reaction of hydrazine and nitric acid: N2H4 + HNO3 → N2H5NO3 Liu, Jiping (2015). Liquid ... D. G. Karraker (1981). "Cu(II) - Catalyzed Hydrazine Reduction of Ferric Nitrate" (PDF). United States Department of Energy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrazine_nitrate

... ammonium nitrate, TNT and RDX) ANFO (ammonium nitrate and fuel oil) DBX (ammonium nitrate, RDX, TNT and aluminum powder) Tovex ... ammonium nitrate and hydrazine rocket fuel) Amatol (ammonium nitrate and TNT) Ammonal (ammonium nitrate and aluminum powder) ... ammonium nitrate and methylammonium nitrate) Minol (explosive) (ammonium nitrate, TNT and aluminum powder) Goma-2 (ammonium ... Ammonium nitrate has an LD50 of 2217 mg/kg, which for comparison is about two-thirds that of table salt. Ammonium nitrate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_nitrate

Fact Sheet 30[permanent dead link] "Nitric Acid, Butylester." Butyl Nitrate (928-45-0),Butyl Nitrate (928-45-0) Manufacturers ... Butyl nitrate is a colorless oil. It is often confused with butyl nitrite, which is sometimes used as a recreational inhalant. ... Butyl nitrate is an explosive.[citation needed] It reacts explosively with Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride and aluminium ... Alkyl nitrates, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butyl_nitrate

... (IPN, 2-propyl nitrate) is a colorless liquid monopropellant. It is used as a diesel cetane improver. IPN is ... Isopropyl nitrate was also sold by the Turbonique company under the brand name "Thermolene" as a fuel for their line of turbine ... Isopropyl nitrate was previously used in a jet engine rapid starting system for military interceptor aircraft (a requirement ... "Shock initiation and detonability of isopropyl nitrate" (PDF). "11: Starting and Ignition". The Jet Engine. Rolls-Royce. 1986. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopropyl_nitrate

... at americanelements.com v t e Salts and covalent derivatives of the nitrate ion v t e (Articles with short ... Neodymium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula Nd(NO3)3. It is typically encountered as the hexahydrate, Nd(NO3)3· ... Van Vuuren, C.P.J.; Strydom, C.A. (1986). "The thermal decomposition of neodymium nitrate". Thermochimica Acta. 104: 293-298. ... Nitrates, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium_nitrate

Scandium(III) nitrate, Sc(NO3)3, is an ionic compound. It is an oxidizer, as all nitrates are. The salt is applied in optical ... v t e Salts and covalent derivatives of the nitrate ion v t e (Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID, Articles without EBI source ... Nitrates, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandium_nitrate

Its correct name is guanidinium nitrate, but the colloquial term guanidine nitrate is widely used. Although it is the salt ... Guanidine nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula [C(NH2)3]NO3. It is a colorless, water-soluble salt. It is produced ... It is less toxic than the mixture used in older airbags of sodium azide, potassium nitrate and silica (NaN3, KNO3, and SiO2), ... It has a relatively high monopropellant specific impulse of 177 seconds (1.7 kN·s/kg). Guanidine nitrate's explosive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanidine_nitrate

Calcium channel blockers and nitrates both decrease LES pressure but do not improve LES relaxation. Approximately 10% of ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/169974-101280/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-nitrates-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-achalasia

The Manufacture of nitric acid and nitrates /. Title:. The Manufacture of nitric acid and nitrates /. ...

https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=ha006562690

Nitrate and nitrite are also made in the body.. In industry, the majority of nitrate is used as fertilizers for crops or lawns ... What are nitrate and nitrite?. Nitrate and nitrite are two nitrogen compounds that are needed by plants and animals to live and ... How can nitrate and nitrite affect my health?. Exposure to nitrate and nitrite mainly occurs through eating or drinking food ... What happens to nitrate and nitrite in the environment?. Nitrate and nitrite are naturally present in soils, water, air, and ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/tsp/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=1186&toxid=258

Propyl nitrate, n-. CAS No: 627-13-4. NOTE:. (1) Efficacy of Medical Tests has not been evaluated.. (2) NIOSH references ... Propyl nitrate, n-. Editor(s). /Author(s). Specific Medical Test(s) or Examination(s). Reference(s). ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-110/nmed0198.html

... the high density of barium nitrate results in baratol being quite dense as well. Barium nitrate mixed with aluminium powder, a ... Barium nitrate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ba(NO3)2. It, like most barium salts, is colorless, toxic, ... Barium nitrate is used in the production of BaO-containing materials. Military[edit]. Although no longer produced, Baratol is ... At elevated temperatures, barium nitrate decomposes to barium oxide: 2Ba(NO3)2 → 2BaO + 4NO2 + O2. Applications[edit]. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_nitrate

Evaluation of Nitrate Treatment Methods Under Uncertainty There are several methods of removing nitrate from drinking water ... Groundwater Nitrate in Coastal Florida Citrus Groves Removal of Nitrates in Saturated Soils Using Zero-Valent Iron and ... Experiments and Numerical Simulations of Nitrate Transport in Ando Soils Simulating the Drainage and Nitrate Leaching with OPUS ... Construction of a New Tollway Below the Groundwater Table with Nitrate Remediation Remediation of Nitrate Contaminated Surface ...

https://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/records.jsp?terms=Nitrates

Nitrates, nitrites et composés N-nitroso / document publié sous la double égide de l Organisation mondiale de la Santé et ... Nitrate and nitrite in drinking-water: background document for development of WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality ... Nitrates, nitrites, and N-nitroso compounds / published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme ... WHO Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria for Nitrates , Nitrites and N-Nitroso Compounds (‎Organisation mondiale de la ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Nitrates&type=mesh

English: Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula KNO3. It is an ionic salt of potassium ions K+ and nitrate ... Nitrate de potasse; 7757-79-1; Nitrate et de potassium; KNO3; E252; Salpetre; калевая салетра; Nitrato de potassio; Salitre do ... Potassium nitrate; azotan potasu; പൊട്ടാസ്യം നൈട്രേറ്റ്; Šalitra; nitrat de potassi; potassium nitrate; Potasyum nitrat; 硝酸鉀; ... Potassium nitrate is one of several nitrogen-containing compounds collectively referred to as saltpeter. Major uses of ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Potassium_nitrate

... crisis and need for substantial changes in the management of nitrogen inputs to agricultural land to comply with the Nitrates ... Fourth Review of Irelands Nitrates Action Programme. An Taisce highlights the worsening water quality crisis and need for ... Irelands Fifth Nitrates Action Programme 2022 - 2025. Ireland has chance to reverse our worsening water quality in the next ... nor are they proposed in the consultation documentation for the next Nitrates Action Programme (NAP).. ...

https://www.antaisce.org/fourth-review-of-irelands-nitrates-action-programme

Cellulose nitrate. The 19th-century development that allowed for the nitration of cellulose fibres obtained from cotton linters ... By the end of the 20th century the only unique application of note for cellulose nitrate was in table tennis balls. It also ... The deficiencies inherent in cellulose nitrate raised the possibility of producing other esters of cellulose, particularly the ... Hyatt produced the first commercially successful plastic in the late 1860s by mixing solid cellulose nitrate and camphor. The ...

https://www.britannica.com/topic/industrial-polymers-468698/Cellulose-nitrate

... nitrate, and sulfate in atmospheric wet deposition (rain, snow, sleet, and hail) by chemically suppressed ion chromatography (1 ... Standard Test Method for Determination of Chloride, Nitrate, and Sulfate in Atmospheric Wet Deposition by Chemically Suppressed ... Range of Range Method Tested MDL (mg/L)(2) (mg/L) (mg/L) Chloride 0.03 0.09-2.0 0.15-1.36 Nitrate 0.03 0.09-5.0 0.15-4.92 ... 1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in atmospheric wet deposition (rain, ...

https://www.astm.org/d5085-95.html

Nitrate. Find out what is in your tap water ... EWGs Tap Water Database Nitrate results for Fishermans ... Nitrate. Fishermans Retreat. Nitrate, a fertilizer chemical, frequently contaminates drinking water due to agricultural and ... Excessive nitrate in water can cause oxygen deprivation in infants and increase the risk of cancer. Click here to read more ... The EWG Health Guideline of 0.14 ppm for nitrate was defined by EWG . This health guideline protects against cancer and harm to ...

https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/system-contaminant.php?pws=CA3301267&contamcode=1040

... was 4160 Metric Tons. Discover more data with NationMaster! ... Poland - Sodium Nitrate Fertilizer Production Metric Tons - 2014 to 2019. Since 2014, Poland Sodium Nitrate Fertilizer ... How does Poland rank in Sodium Nitrate Fertilizer Production?. #. 4 Countries. Metric Tons. Last. YoY. 5‑years CAGR. ... At 4,160 Metric Tons in 2019, the country was number 2 comparing other countries in Sodium Nitrate Fertilizer Production. ...

https://www.nationmaster.com/nmx/timeseries/poland-sodium-nitrate-fertilizer-production

Econazole nitrate cream contains the antifungal agent, econazole nitrate USP 1%, in a water-miscible base consisting of apricot ... ECONAZOLE NITRATE (UNII: H438WYN10E) (ECONAZOLE - UNII:6Z1Y2V4A7M) ECONAZOLE NITRATE. 10 mg in 1 g. ... It is not known whether econazole nitrate is excreted in human milk. Following oral administration of econazole nitrate to ... ECONAZOLE NITRATE cream. To receive this label RSS feed. Copy the URL below and paste it into your RSS Reader application. ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=842d29e0-b698-4353-b8ac-368b51b4ae85

It may be that cows will have to be housed for at least part of the year in order to reduce nitrate leaching and this will have ... In addition, there is legislation being introduced on nitrates in water that may have a profound impact on dairy production. ...

https://www.niab.com/news-views/blogs/combating-disease-and-nitrates

... Scientists explain an unexpected algae super bloom. *. Share ... "Lava doesnt contain any nitrate.". The researchers believe the nitrogen was stirred up from the deep ocean. As the hot lava ... a fertile mix of higher nitrate levels, silicic acid, iron and phosphate. ...

https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/earth-sciences/lava-plus-nitrate-equals-growth/

The Nitrate Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) can be used to measure the concentration of Nitrate (NO3-) in aqueous samples. ... Use the Nitrate ISE to determine the concentration of the nitrate ion in a water sample. ... The Nitrate ISE has a combination-style, non-refillable, gel-filled electrode. Like all other PVC ISE membranes, the membrane ... Nitrate concentration, which can be increased by acidic rainfall, fertilizer runoff from fields, and plant or animal decay or ...

https://www.vernier.com/product/nitrate-ion-selective-electrode/

However, incorporation can exacerbate nitrate (NO3⁻) leaching. We sought to assess the trade-offs in NH3 and N … ... Low-disturbance manure incorporation effects on ammonia and nitrate loss J Environ Qual. 2012 May-Jun;41(3):928-37. doi: ... However, incorporation can exacerbate nitrate (NO3⁻) leaching. We sought to assess the trade-offs in NH3 and NO3⁻ losses caused ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22565274/?dopt=Abstract

5.4 Test Method D7781 uses a nitrate reductase enzyme for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. Cadmium is considered a toxic ... 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and combined nitrite-nitrate nitrogen in ... The nitrate test method (Test Method D992) has been shown to have relatively large errors when used in wastewaters and also has ... 5.3 These test methods replace Test Methods D1254 (Nitrite) and D992 (Nitrate). The nitrite test method (Test Method D1254) ...

https://www.astm.org/d3867-16r21e01.html

A panel of MPs is set to hold an inquiry into a key piece of legislation for reducing nitrates pollution in England. ... Committee members are expected to discuss Defras implementation of the 1991 Directive, whether levels of nitrate pollution ... Rural Affairs Committee announced on Tuesday that it will examine Defras consultation on the implementation of the Nitrates ... have reduced, and the costs and benefits of the revised Nitrates Action Programme. ...

https://www.edie.net/nitrates-inquiry-announced/

An excessive intake of nitrates, however, can put you and your family at risk for numerous health problems, which include ... Nitrates are esters or salts released from nitric acid in some of the foods you consume. ... Nitrates are esters or salts released from nitric acid in some of the foods you consume. An excessive intake of nitrates, ... Nitrate-Free Vegetables While vegetables naturally contain nitrates, the soil and amount of fertilizer used on the crop can ...

https://www.livestrong.com/article/329160-list-of-nitrate-free-foods/

Rathier, T.M.; Frink, C.R. 1989: Nitrate in runoff water from container grown juniper and alberta spruce under different ... Rathier, T.M. 1983: Nitrate in runoff water from container grown junipers juniperus horizontalis cultivar youngstown under ... Colangelo, D.J.; Brand, M.H. 2001: Nitrate leaching beneath a containerized nursery crop receiving trickle or overhead ... Nitrate and phosphate concentrations in container nursery runoff from four overhead irrigation regimes. Warsaw, A.; Fernandez, ...

https://eurekamag.com/research/070/603/070603374.php

Nitrates Group glossary term at minerals.net educational reference guide ...

https://www.minerals.net/mineral_glossary/nitrates_group.aspx

An EC legal ruling has led to all new development projects in sensitive catchments to be nitrate neutral. Achieving nitrate ... The proposed research will create an evidenced based nitrate reduction strategy, informed by greater understanding of nitrate ... Thorough evaluation of existing nitrate reduction strategies, alongside generation of novel ideas for nitrate reduction. ... Improving understanding of nitrate sources and their impact on water bodies, through a case study on the East Hampshire ...

https://www.port.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-research/research-degrees/phd/explore-our-projects/achieving-sustainable-nitrate-neutrality

Nitrate in European rivers, 1994-96 This website has limited functionality with javascript off. Please make sure javascript is ... data-and-maps/figures/ga-downloads/CF9C2A95-2397-4091-B91A-A657C22138AB/nitrate-in-european-rivers-1994-96 ... For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/nitrate-in-european-rivers-1994-96 or scan the QR ...

https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/nitrate-in-european-rivers-1994-96

... Identifiers CAS number 7761-88-8 Properties Molecular formula AgNO3 Molar mass 169.87 Appearance ... Silver nitrate is a soluble chemical compound with chemical formula AgNO3. This nitrate of silver is a versatile precursor to ... Dentists sometimes use silver nitrate infused swabs to heal oral ulcers. Silver nitrate is also used by some podiatrists to ... Treatment of silver nitrate with base gives silver oxide:[2] 2 AgNO3 + 2 NaOH → Ag2O + 2 NaNO3 + H2O Organic synthesis. Silver ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Silver_nitrate.html

The addition of potassium nitrate to a fertilizer mix has the identical effect on plant growth as other forms of potassium. To ... Because of its high cost, potassium nitrate is not widely used in fertilizer mixes, according to the University of Minnesota ...

https://www.gardenguides.com/107402-potassium-nitrate-effects-plants.html

Potassium Nitrate Solution KNO3 bulk & research qty manufacturer. Properties, SDS, Applications, Price. Free samples program. ... About Potassium Nitrate Solution. Potassium Nitrate Solutions are moderate to highly concentrated liquid solutions of Potassium ... Related Applications, Forms & Industries for Potassium Nitrate Solution. Nitrates. Research & Laboratory. Solutions. ... Acentric La3(IO3)8(OH) and La(IO3)2(NO3): Partial Substitution of Iodate Anions in La(IO3)3 by Hydroxide or Nitrate Anion. ...

https://www.americanelements.com/potassium-nitrate-solution-7757-79-1

... said videos of Tuesdays blast showed that while ammonium nitrate may have been present in the warehouse, he does not believe ... Ammonium nitrate, a compound of ammonia and nitrogen, is best known for being used in fertilizers and -- because its ... No yellow smoke: May said when he was in Baghdad, the telltale sign of an ammonium nitrate explosive was a yellow smoke cloud. ... This is not just ammonium nitrate, former CIA operative says of explosion. Robert Baer, a former CIA operative with extensive ...

https://edition.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/lebanon-beirut-explosion-live-updates-dle-intl/h_0f646d1827f2f246b9c48701b5c8eac5

Lebanon's prime minister said an investigation would focus on an estimated 2,750 metric tons of the explosive ammonium nitrate stored at a warehouse. (cnn.com)
Robert Baer, a former CIA operative with extensive experience in the Middle East, said videos of Tuesday's blast showed that while ammonium nitrate may have been present in the warehouse, he does not believe it was responsible for the massive explosion that ensued. (cnn.com)
Lebanon's Prime Minister, Hassan Diab, later said that 2,750 metric tons of ammonium nitrate, a highly explosive material used in fertilizers and bombs, had been stored for six years at a port warehouse without safety measures, "endangering the safety of citizens," according to a statement. (cnn.com)
It was not fertilizer like ammonium nitrate. (cnn.com)
Baer noted that white powder seen in the videos of the incident before the major blast are likely an indicator that ammonium nitrate was present and burning. (cnn.com)
Baer said while he believes the explosion does not look like solely ammonium nitrate, there's still no evidence that this was an attack. (cnn.com)
What is ammonium nitrate? (cnn.com)
Authorities are still investigating what exactly caused Tuesday's deadly explosion in Beirut, but public statements from key Lebanese officials have begun to focus on ammonium nitrate that was kept in a warehouse near the port. (cnn.com)
Ammonium nitrate, a compound of ammonia and nitrogen, is best known for being used in fertilizers and -- because it's incredibly volatile -- bombs. (cnn.com)
The bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City in 1995, which killed 169 people and injured 467, was carried out using two US tons of ammonium nitrate. (cnn.com)
One of the worst accidents in US history involving a form of ammonia occurred in April 1947, when a ship loaded with ammonium nitrate caught fire while docked in Texas City. (cnn.com)
Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri on Tuesday called for identifying the side that imported the ammonium nitrate shipment that caused the catastrophic 2020 port explosion as well as the causes of the devastating blast. (naharnet.com)
Ammonium nitrate - a lesson to re-learn? (marsh.com)
as well as the 100th anniversary of an ammonium nitrate explosion in Oppau, Germany, which resulted in over 500 fatalities. (marsh.com)
The model approximately reproduced PM2.5 SO42- concentration, but clearly overestimated PM2.5 NO3- concentration, which was attributed to overestimation of production of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). (elsevier.com)
The Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system clearly overestimated the concentration of fine particulate nitrate in the Greater Tokyo Area of Japan, which was attributed to overestimation of production of ammonium nitrate. (elsevier.com)
Anharmonic effects in ammonium nitrate and hydroxylammonium nitrate clusters. (readabstracts.com)
Density functional theory and second-order vibrational perturbation theory are applied to describe the covalent and ionic clusters of ammonium nitrate and hydroxyl ammonium nitrate. (readabstracts.com)
It's actually rather difficult to find ammonium nitrate based cold packs here. (sciencemadness.org)
On April 17, 2013, an ammonium nitrate explosion occurred at the West Fertilizer Company storage and distribution facility in West, Texas. (cdc.gov)

Nitrates and nitrites are nitrogen-oxygen chemical units that naturally occur in soil, water, and some foods. (cancer.gov)
Young infants' digestive systems convert nitrates to nitrites and can be fatal. (purewatergazette.net)
Nitrates and nitrites are very soluble and cannot be precipitated from water. (purewatergazette.net)
Nitrates and nitrites in foodstuffs / text drawn up by L. J. Schuddeboom. (who.int)
by WHO Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria for Nitrates , Nitrites. (who.int)
Nitrates, nitrites et composés N-nitroso / document publié sous la double égide de l' Organisation mondiale de la Santé et du Programme des Nations Unies pour l' environnement. (who.int)
Purigen controls ammonia, nitrites and nitrates by removing nitrogenous organic waste that would otherwise release these harmful compounds. (petmountain.com)

Nitrate and nitrite are two nitrogen compounds that are needed by plants and animals to live and grow. (cdc.gov)
Potassium nitrate is one of several nitrogen-containing compounds collectively referred to as saltpeter. (wikimedia.org)
An Taisce highlights the worsening water quality crisis and need for substantial changes in the management of nitrogen inputs to agricultural land to comply with the Nitrates and Water Framework Directives. (antaisce.org)
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and combined nitrite-nitrate nitrogen in water and wastewater in the range from 0.05 to 1.0 mg/L nitrogen. (astm.org)
Various factors can even affect organic vegetables, such as factors that increase the nitrate content, including the nitrogen content of compost used, the water supply and the temperature during growth. (livestrong.com)
The type of fertilizer, the water supply and the nitrogen content of the soil can lead to varying nitrate levels, even among the same fruit. (livestrong.com)
A thick gravel bed in your tank may have some anaerobic bacteria in the lower part which convert nitrates to nitrogen gas, but this is a slower process and extremely doubtful this would have any impact in your tank of 25 fish. (cichlid-forum.com)
Studies assessing connections between nitrate and cancer in humans have focused on excess exposure from drinking water or food grown in areas where use of nitrogen-based fertilizers is common. (cancer.gov)
Some of the highest levels of nitrate have been measured in shallow wells and surface water supplies that are subject to runoff from nitrogen fertilizers and confined animal feedlot operations and resulting excrement and contamination from leaking septic tanks and sewage. (cancer.gov)
Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have discovered that nitrate from nitrogen-based fertilizers end up in groundwater , which then takes 10 years and longer to travel into streams and rivers. (eponline.com)
How can nitrogen/nitrates/ammonia be measured? (publiclab.org)
This may be because higher levels of nitrate compensate for the lack of planktonic food organisms and particulate organic nitrogen available to corals in the wild. (premiumaquatics.com)
Along its winding route, nitrogen, which converts to nitrate in water, presents two serious problems. (nationalgeographic.com)

Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula K N O 3 . (wikimedia.org)
Treatment with solutions of halide ions gives a precipitate of AgX (X = Cl, Br, I). When making photographic film, silver nitrate is treated with halide salts of sodium or potassium to form insoluble silver halide in situ in photographic gelatin , which is then applied to strips of tri-acetate or polyester. (bionity.com)
The addition of potassium nitrate to a fertilizer mix has the identical effect on plant growth as other forms of potassium. (gardenguides.com)
Because of its high cost, potassium nitrate is not widely used in fertilizer mixes, according to the University of Minnesota Extension. (gardenguides.com)
Potassium Nitrate Solutions are moderate to highly concentrated liquid solutions of Potassium Nitrate. (americanelements.com)
They are an excellent source of Potassium Nitrate for applications requiring solubilized materials. (americanelements.com)
We also produce Potassium Nitrate Powder. (americanelements.com)
Biological assimilation and denitrification converts the nitrate added into carbonate alkalinity, so there is no accumulation of sodium or potassium, which are difficult to test for. (premiumaquatics.com)
5 You will appear in the first positions of Google as the best in places to buy potassium nitrate in. (forstuttgartlovers.com)

High nitrate concentrations in sensitive water bodies, such as the harbours and Solent around Portsmouth, cause environmental degradation through eutrophication and are now a major issue affecting development in the region. (port.ac.uk)
Maintaining nitrate concentrations slightly higher than natural reef levels has been observed by many aquarists to be beneficial to coral health and coloration. (premiumaquatics.com)
We focused on a contaminated aquifer in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA that has large gradients of pH and widely varying concentrations of uranium, nitrate, and many other inorganic ions. (nature.com)
The model results were compared with observed concentrations of PM2.5 sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium, and gaseous nitric acid (HNO3) and ammonia (NH3). (elsevier.com)
High concentrations of nitrates in drinking water can lead to anemia and cyanosis (especially in children of up to 2 years of age). (dafi.us)

In industry, the majority of nitrate is used as fertilizers for crops or lawns. (cdc.gov)
The use of fertilizers and waste from animals adds to the amount of nitrate in the environment. (cdc.gov)
In addition, workers who manufacture these fertilizers can have high exposures to dusts that contain nitrate. (cancer.gov)
Hydrologic researchers from the USGS found that nitrate from fertilizers takes decades to travel through groundwater and into streams, disturbing the water quality of streams and even large rivers for many more years to come. (eponline.com)
The primary sources of nitrates in water are human sewage, livestock manure, and fertilizers. (purewatergazette.net)
One big threat is nitrate, caused mainly by many decades of crop fertilization with chemical fertilizers and dairy manure. (ppic.org)

Your water supply could contain nitrates because of nitrate contamination, which is a concern when you use water for cooking. (livestrong.com)
Areas with a high density of septic tanks and animal agriculture in close proximity to the drinking water source are most vulnerable to contamination by nitrates. (purewatergazette.net)
The best residential treatments for nitrate contamination are reverse osmosis, distillation, and anion exchange. (purewatergazette.net)
In order to identify those areas where the groundwater was most at risk of contamination by nitrate from agriculture, data on land use, soil permeability and rainfall were combined to produce a nitrate leaching potential map for Scotland. (hutton.ac.uk)
Les résultats de diverses études fournissent des preuves d'une contamination fécale de la plupart des approvisionnements en eau de boisson. (who.int)
More than 30% of the wells tested had high levels of nitrate contamination. (cdc.gov)

The slow traveling nitrate makes it difficult for water quality experts to closely estimate the amount of nitrate that is expected to be in those waterways in the future. (eponline.com)
The farmers in these zones have to adhere to strict rules designed to reduce the amount of nitrate leaching. (hutton.ac.uk)

We are proud to introduce B-Ionic Nitrate which is a concentrated source of nitrate in the form of a highly purified calcium nitrate solution. (premiumaquatics.com)
Side note, what product do you source your calcium nitrate from in Bunnings? (sciencemadness.org)
Wow, the solubility difference between calcium nitrate and ammonium sulfate in etoh is impresssive. (sciencemadness.org)

Nitrate and nitrite dissolve easily in water and will therefore move quickly through the soil into surface water and groundwater. (cdc.gov)
Drinking water from wells containing nitrate from sources such as animal waste and/or fertilizer runoff and eating plants grown in contaminated soil will increase your exposure to these chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to nitrate and nitrite mainly occurs through eating or drinking food and water that contain these chemicals. (cdc.gov)
6 months of age) who drank formula made with water having higher than recommended nitrate at levels. (cdc.gov)
If you live near an agricultural field and use well water, have your water tested for nitrate and nitrite and, if necessary, take the needed steps to protect yourself. (cdc.gov)
Water quality constituents of concern in irrigation return flow include sediment, nitrate, pesticides, and trace elements. (asce.org)
There are several methods of removing nitrate from drinking water with varying degrees of cost and system perfonnance. (asce.org)
We recommend that Ireland should not seek a further derogation, as water quality data indicates that to date we clearly do not have the necessary safeguards in place, nor are they proposed in the consultation documentation for the next Nitrates Action Programme (NAP). (antaisce.org)
Ireland has chance to reverse our worsening water quality in the next Nitrates Action Programme. (antaisce.org)
Nitrate, a fertilizer chemical, frequently contaminates drinking water due to agricultural and urban runoff, and discharges from municipal wastewater treatment plants and septic tanks. (ewg.org)
Excessive nitrate in water can cause oxygen deprivation in infants and increase the risk of cancer. (ewg.org)
Econazole nitrate cream contains the antifungal agent, econazole nitrate USP 1%, in a water-miscible base consisting of apricot kernel oil/PEG-6, benzoic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, mineral oil, PEG-6-32 stearate/glycol stearate and purified water. (nih.gov)
In addition, there is legislation being introduced on nitrates in water that may have a profound impact on dairy production. (niab.com)
Nitrate concentration, which can be increased by acidic rainfall, fertilizer runoff from fields, and plant or animal decay or waste, is an important parameter in nearly all water quality studies. (vernier.com)
Use the Nitrate ISE to determine the concentration of the nitrate ion in a water sample. (vernier.com)
Even if you are consuming nitrate-free foods, using nitrate-contaminated water when washing or preparing these foods will increase your nitrate intake. (livestrong.com)
Should You Be Worried About the Nitrates in Your Water? (livestrong.com)
This will provide councils and developers with greater options for achieving nitrate neutrality with long-term viability as well as generate targeted improvement the water quality of environmentally sensitive areas. (port.ac.uk)
Improving understanding of nitrate sources and their impact on water bodies, through a case study on the East Hampshire catchment. (port.ac.uk)
When taken into the body by drinking water and through other dietary sources, nitrate and nitrite can react with amines and amides to form N-nitroso compounds (NOC), which are known to cause cancer in animals and may cause cancer in humans. (cancer.gov)
Oral tobacco also may contribute to nitrate intake, but is minor compared to diet or contaminated drinking water. (cancer.gov)
Studies have shown increased risks of colon, kidney, and stomach cancer among people with higher ingestion of water nitrate and higher meat intake compared with low intakes of both, a dietary pattern that results in increased NOC formation. (cancer.gov)
Once the nitrate makes it into those waterways, the water quality is negatively affected for several years. (eponline.com)
This study provides direct evidence that nitrate can take decades to travel from recharge at the land surface to discharge in streams," said Jerad Bales, acting USGS associate director for water. (eponline.com)
Then they used an age dating tracer to find out how long it takes the groundwater to reach the stream, discovering that the nitrate levels found in the water was older than a decade. (eponline.com)
Research has shown an increase in nitrates in water as both agriculture and population grows. (purewatergazette.net)
While nitrates used to be a "well water" problem, many urban water suppliers now having to work to keep nitrate levels down. (purewatergazette.net)
The foremost health hazard associated with excessive levels of nitrates in water is blue baby syndrome, a condition that affects the blood usually in infants 6 months old or younger. (purewatergazette.net)
If nitrates aren't going down with large water changes, they are in the water you are using. (ratemyfishtank.com)
This probably would break down the existing ammonia in tap water and that would become nitrates. (ratemyfishtank.com)
Infants can not drink water with high levels of nitrate. (kwch.com)
A water sample showed high levels of nitrate, above the federal standard. (kwch.com)
The city asks that you not give water to infants six months or younger because they cannot process nitrates like adults can. (kwch.com)
New research by U.S. Department of Agriculture microbiologist Mark Borchardt shows nitrate and coliform in the water mostly comes from agriculture - and not human waste. (wpr.org)
However, these cycles are interrupted by the activities of humans, as the increasing amounts of nitrates and phosphates cannot be processed by water ecosystems. (azocleantech.com)
Are there simple tests for nitrates in well water? (publiclab.org)
of aquarium water adds 1 ppm nitrate. (premiumaquatics.com)
It is very soluble in water and is also a good source of nitrate anion, which is greatly used by many industries. (sodium-nitrate.com)
Whilst nitrate pollution arises from a number of sources, including in particular agricultural run-off and outfalls, new occupied dwellings would add to the pressures through the waste water generated. (businesssouth.org)
The Trust is proposing that land which is currently releasing nitrates in the catchment, such as fertilised arable land, could be managed differently in order to reduce nitrate pollution entering water-bodies, reducing the amount of nutrients ultimately reaching the Solent. (businesssouth.org)
In addition to the direct nitrate balancing, the proposed scheme has the potential to deliver a number of additional water quality and biodiversity benefits, through wider pollution reduction and expanding and enhancing vital wildlife habitats. (businesssouth.org)
Health hazards from nitrates in drinking-water : report on a WHO meeting, Copenhagen, 5-9 March 1984. (who.int)
Developed specifically for the removal of nitrates from water for drinking water. (dafi.us)
Specialized filter media target harmful toxins such as ammonias and nitrates in order to keep your water and pets safe from contaminants. (petmountain.com)
To make it safe, the Water Works have to remove nitrates that come from farms upstream. (nationalgeographic.com)
More than two hundred of Iowa's community water systems struggle with high nitrate levels, periodically issuing "Do Not Drink" orders. (nationalgeographic.com)
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires utilities to deliver tap water with no more than 10 milligrams of nitrates per liter. (nationalgeographic.com)
Nationwide, utilities spent $4.8 billion to remove nitrates from public drinking water supplies in 2011, the last year for which data are available. (nationalgeographic.com)
With the help of studies by UC Davis, monitoring from the Regional Water Board, and industry-designated monitoring wells, we've found that 94% of the nitrate pollution surrounding dairies is coming from applying manure to land. (ppic.org)
Methemoglobinemia among infants consuming nitrate-contaminated well water, neurodevelopmental health impacts associated with early life exposure to organophosphate pesticides, and diarrheal disease due to zoonotic infectious agents are well-described pediatric concerns. (cdc.gov)

It may be that cows will have to be housed for at least part of the year in order to reduce nitrate leaching and this will have a significant impact on costs. (niab.com)

Consider eating less of those foods that contain high levels of nitrate or nitrite, especially infants and small children. (cdc.gov)
The legal limit for nitrate, established in 1962, was developed to protect infants from acute methemoglobinemia, a life-threatening disorder of oxygen transport in the body. (ewg.org)

The presence of chloride , bromide, or iodide ions can be tested by adding silver nitrate solution. (bionity.com)
Aim: This study evaluated the surface roughness, topography and permeability of bovine enamel by profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with and without silver nitrate solution, after exposure to different bleaching agents. (bvsalud.org)
For permeability evaluation, the samples were immersed in a 50% silver nitrate solution and analyzed using a backscattered electron and secondary electron mode. (bvsalud.org)

An excessive intake of nitrates, however, can put you and your family at risk for numerous health problems, which include cancer, intrauterine growth retardation and sudden infant death syndrome. (livestrong.com)
Excessive nitrate or nitrate exposure can also result in acute acquired methemoglobinemia, a blood abnormality that causes blood to lose its ability to carry oxygen to tissues (anoxia). (cancer.gov)
1] The leaching of nitrate to both ground and surface waters is a natural consequence of agricultural activity but excessive levels of nitrates can alter the natural ecology of rivers and pollute drinking waters. (hutton.ac.uk)

Watermelon was classified as very low in nitrates, with less than 20 milligrams of nitrates per 100 grams of fruit, according to the study published in "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. (livestrong.com)
The researchers also found that apple sauce, fruit mix and oranges contained less than 1 milligram of nitrate per 100 grams of fruit, while bananas contained 4.5 milligrams per 100 grams of fruit. (livestrong.com)
Ham is lower in nitrates, with 0.90 milligrams per 100 grams of meat. (livestrong.com)

Somewhat later, in 1846, the German chemist Christian Friedrich Schönbein accidently treated cotton with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids and obtained cellulose nitrate, which soon became commonly known as nitrocellulose . (britannica.com)
Nitrates are esters or salts released from nitric acid in some of the foods you consume. (livestrong.com)
Silver nitrate crystals can be produced by dissolving silver metal in a solution of nitric acid and evaporating the solution. (bionity.com)

The deficiencies inherent in cellulose nitrate raised the possibility of producing other esters of cellulose, particularly the esters of organic acids. (britannica.com)
Silver nitrate is used as many ways in organic synthesis, e.g. for deprotection and oxidations. (bionity.com)
Higher nitrate levels may also assist organic breakdown and prevent hydrogen sulfide in anoxic/anaerobic areas of rock and sand. (premiumaquatics.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Use of organic nitrates in gastroenterology. (who.int)
Ray J, Chawla Y. Use of organic nitrates in gastroenterology. (who.int)
Nitrates, organic. (medlineplus.gov)

Nitrate salts are bounded within the mineral caliche ore and serves as the main source of sodium nitrate till the 20th century. (sodium-nitrate.com)

A panel of MPs is set to hold an inquiry into a key piece of legislation for reducing nitrates pollution in England. (edie.net)
Committee members are expected to discuss Defra's implementation of the 1991 Directive, whether levels of nitrate pollution have reduced, and the costs and benefits of the revised Nitrates Action Programme . (edie.net)
Environmental surveys to identify sources of nitrate pollution in the South Hampshire catchment region. (port.ac.uk)
Engagement with local stakeholders such as developers, local authorities, and government bodies to discuss and develop a holistic approach to nitrate pollution management. (port.ac.uk)
Whilst these responsive measures have enabled some quick fixes to parts of the development pipeline, a much more comprehensive investigation is required to ensure nitrate neutral solutions are both viable in the long-term, and effectively addressing the core issue of environmental pollution. (port.ac.uk)
The Wildlife Trust has put forward a scheme which could see nitrate pollution in the Solent reduced, with added benefits for local people and wildlife. (businesssouth.org)
Natural England's decision to halt any development which would contribute to nitrate pollution in the Solent, follows recent European Court of Justice rulings on the issue. (businesssouth.org)
Commenting on the scheme, Debbie Tann, Chief Executive of Hampshire & Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust said: "Our local seas are being suffocated by untenable levels of pollution and we have to find ways of reducing the levels of nitrates entering the Solent. (businesssouth.org)
Iowa is the largest corn producer in the U.S.-and the second largest producer of nitrate pollution in the Mississippi River Basin. (nationalgeographic.com)

Their study shows that the green plume in the ocean around the volcano contained the perfect cocktail for plant growth - a fertile mix of higher nitrate levels, silicic acid, iron and phosphate. (cosmosmagazine.com)
RUDN University biotechnologists worked with biotechnologists from Lomonosov MSU and Kurchatov Institute to make a significant contribution to the technology of biocapture of nitrate and phosphate from wastewater by making use of Lobosphaera algae placed on filters. (azocleantech.com)
Biotechnologists from RUDN University in collaboration with Lomonosov MSU and Kurchatov institute made an important contribution to the technology of phosphate and nitrate biocapture from wastewater using Lobosphaera algae fixed on the filters. (azocleantech.com)
When phosphate levels are already high, increasing food input can be problematic when trying to raise nitrate levels because food also imports phosphate. (premiumaquatics.com)
B-Ionic Nitrate provides a solution by raising nitrate without increasing phosphate. (premiumaquatics.com)

Barium nitrate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ba ( NO 3 ) 2 . (wikipedia.org)

There must be nitrates or else you'd have ammonia and nitrite, and your fish would appear really sick. (cichlid-forum.com)
Your tank is fully cycled once nitrates are being produced (and ammonia and nitrite levels are zero). (fishlore.com)
So i need to do a test and when ammonia and nitrite is zero and nitrates are up. (fishlore.com)

In the United States John W. Hyatt produced the first commercially successful plastic in the late 1860s by mixing solid cellulose nitrate and camphor. (britannica.com)
By the end of the 20th century the only unique application of note for cellulose nitrate was in table tennis balls. (britannica.com)
Sartorius Cellulose Nitrate Membrane Filters are excellently suited for diagnostic kits. (fishersci.ca)
Cellulose nitrate filters are highly flammable. (fishersci.ca)

The tank does have a pretty deep gravel bed, I've never really dealt with deep gravel beds but heard they can house de-nitrate bacteria. (cichlid-forum.com)
The contaminants investigated were nitrate, coliform bacteria, human fecal microbes, bovine fecal microbes and other fecal microbes regardless of the source. (wpr.org)
If you have a well , at the very least check it once for mineral content, lead, and radon (where radon is a threat) and once or twice a year for bacteria and nitrates. (hometips.com)
Once the nitrate-forming bacteria take hold, nitrite levels fall, nitrate levels rise, and the tank is fully cycled. (fishlore.com)

Niles' group advocates for practices such as applying manure to fields twice a year rather than once in order to minimize nitrate density, and planting cover crops to absorb more manure. (wpr.org)
For the short term we need to use less manure on lands where nitrate leaching is a problem. (ppic.org)
We're also working with Sustainable Conservation on some promising biological solutions ―including a pilot project to use high quantities of earthworms to decompose nitrate coming from manure. (ppic.org)

During their study, researchers looked at surface and ground waters at seven different sites across the U.S. and discovered that watersheds with the most groundwater held the highest nitrate levels. (eponline.com)

Other studies have shown modest evidence that higher nitrate intake can increase the risk of thyroid cancer and ovarian cancer among women. (cancer.gov)

In animal studies, changes in thyroid function were seen in rats that were fed or drank high levels of nitrate or nitrite. (cdc.gov)
By limiting your exposure to nitrates from the foods you consume, you can reduce your risk of the adverse health effects associated with toxic levels. (livestrong.com)
EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) are 10 mg/L for nitrate and 1 mg/L for Nitrite. (purewatergazette.net)
The existing high levels of nitrates are causing harm to the ecosystem and failure of environmental standards. (businesssouth.org)
At the same time, nitrate therapy was not associated with significantly better 6-minute-walk distance, natriuretic-peptide levels, or quality-of-life scores in the 110-patient trial, reported today at the American Heart Association (AHA) 2015 Scientific Sessions . (medscape.com)
Dr Clyde Yancy (Northwestern University, Chicago IL) called the adverse effect on activity levels with the nitrate "a very peculiar observation. (medscape.com)
The average daily accelerometer units during the 120-mg phase, the primary end point, showed a trend shy of significance ( P =0.06) suggesting lower activity levels during nitrate therapy compared with the placebo period. (medscape.com)
The SEM micrographs indicated changes on enamel topography and different levels of silver nitrate penetration in the samples of the bleached groups. (bvsalud.org)
Some studies have linked high nitrate levels with birth defects and, in adults, various cancers and thyroid problems. (nationalgeographic.com)

This ToxFAQs™ information is taken from the 2017 Toxicological Profile for Nitrate and Nitrite produced by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in Atlanta, GA. (cdc.gov)

While vegetables naturally contain nitrates, the soil and amount of fertilizer used on the crop can increase nitrate content. (livestrong.com)

the high density of barium nitrate results in baratol being quite dense as well. (wikipedia.org)
I just got home yesterday and was curious how high the nitrates got. (cichlid-forum.com)
The biggest source of nitrate exposure is dietary consumption of certain types of vegetables which are naturally high in nitrate. (cancer.gov)
Meds For High Blood amyl nitrate and high blood pressure Blood Pressure Prescription, are there plumones a different kind of high blood pressure. (ecology2.ru)
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Silver nitrate is a soluble chemical compound with chemical formula AgNO 3 . (bionity.com)

Like all soluble barium compounds, barium nitrate is toxic by ingestion or inhalation. (wikipedia.org)

Private wells are at a higher risk of containing nitrates because of agriculture runoff and proximity to feed lots. (livestrong.com)
In 2014 the state released a Nutrient Reduction Strategy that calls for slashing nitrate runoff by 41 percent. (nationalgeographic.com)

Achieving nitrate neutrality is a new and complex challenge that continues to impede development on England's South coast, a region with ambitious housing targets and strong economic growth. (port.ac.uk)

Some meats and meat products contain sodium nitrate and/or sodium nitrite as preservatives. (cdc.gov)

Econazole nitrate exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity against the following organisms in vitro , but the clinical significance of these data is unknown. (nih.gov)
The antifungal activity test demonstrated that miconazole nitrate -microparticles possessed the same anti- Candida albicans activity as the pure drug . (bvsalud.org)

Nitrates and phosphates reach the wastewater along with household and industrial waste, specifically detergents. (azocleantech.com)
Wastewater treatment involves using unique equipment and microorganisms, such as microalgae that use up nitrates and phosphates. (azocleantech.com)
The algae on the filter were able to capture the nutrients more effectively compared to those suspended in the wastewater: Particularly, they used up nitrates 1.3 times and phosphates 16.7 times quicker. (azocleantech.com)

In solid silver nitrate, the silver ions are three-coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement. (bionity.com)

Sodium nitrate exist naturally in Chile and Peru. (sodium-nitrate.com)

5.4 Test Method D7781 uses a nitrate reductase enzyme for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. (astm.org)
The proposed research will create an evidenced based nitrate reduction strategy, informed by greater understanding of nitrate sources and flows, and a holistic assessment of nitrate reduction options. (port.ac.uk)
Thorough evaluation of existing nitrate reduction strategies, alongside generation of novel ideas for nitrate reduction. (port.ac.uk)
single nucleotide polymorphisms, a deletion mutation, and Niacin production and nitrate reduction were detected as phenotypic traits, confirming it as a cause of tuberculosis in described by Kent and Kubica (9). (cdc.gov)

Available at https://nieuws.kuleuven.be/en/content/2014/mysterious-esophagus-disease-is-autoimmune-after-all . (medscape.com)
Meats that contain nitrates, including bacon, salami, hot dogs, bologna, corned beef, sausage, luncheon meats and cured meats, are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration and the United Stated Department of Agriculture as to their nitrate content. (livestrong.com)

As time passes, chitosan would degrade without any harm to the surroundings, and the algae would serve as a source of collected nitrates and phosphates for the plants. (azocleantech.com)

At 4,160 Metric Tons in 2019, the country was number 2 comparing other countries in Sodium Nitrate Fertilizer Production. (nationmaster.com)

LCHD will continue to educate the community on health effects of nitrates and other contaminants, especially targeting individuals moving into or choosing to build in identified vulnerable areas. (cdc.gov)

Being available as a natural resource, sodium nitrate is mined extensively to meet its huge demand till the 20th century. (sodium-nitrate.com)

Econazole nitrate has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section. (nih.gov)

Barium nitrate mixed with aluminium powder , a formula for flash powder , is highly explosive. (wikipedia.org)

Nitrate and nitrite are also used in food preservation, some pharmaceutical drugs, and in the production of munitions and explosives. (cdc.gov)

under these conditions, IARC determined that ingested nitrate and nitrite is probably carcinogenic to humans. (cdc.gov)
Intravaginal administration in humans has not shown prolonged gestation or other adverse reproductive effects attributable to econazole nitrate therapy. (nih.gov)

Barium nitrate is manufactured by two processes that start with the main source material for barium, the carbonate. (wikipedia.org)

5.3 These test methods replace Test Methods D1254 (Nitrite) and D992 (Nitrate). (astm.org)
DIY methods for nitrate detection in food? (publiclab.org)

These meats contain nitrates added as preservatives. (livestrong.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms45

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture10

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care16

Geographicals1

Denitrifying Pseudomonas aeruginosa: some parameters of growth and active transport. (1/4235)

Overexpression of CuZn superoxide dismutase protects RAW 264.7 macrophages against nitric oxide cytotoxicity. (2/4235)

Molecular characterization of the nitrite-reducing system of Staphylococcus carnosus. (3/4235)

Nitrate-dependent regulation of acetate biosynthesis and nitrate respiration by Clostridium thermoaceticum. (4/4235)

Nonanticoagulant heparin prevents coronary endothelial dysfunction after brief ischemia-reperfusion injury in the dog. (5/4235)

Altered vascular reactivity following partial nephrectomy in the rat: a possible mechanism of the blood-pressure-lowering effect of heparin. (6/4235)

Salivary contribution to exhaled nitric oxide. (7/4235)

Nitric oxide inhibits caspase-3 by S-nitrosation in vivo. (8/4235)

Nitrate Reductase

Nitrate Reductase (NADH)

Silver Nitrate

Nitrate Reductase (NAD(P)H)

Chlorates

Anion Transport Proteins

Nitrogen

Molybdenum

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Gallium

Isosorbide Dinitrate

Nitroglycerin

Potassium Compounds

Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate

Nitric Oxide

Plant Roots

Fertilizers

Denitrification

Oxidation-Reduction

Nitric Acid

Nitrate Reductase (NADPH)

Nitrogen Compounds

Drug Tolerance

Chlorella

Nitrogen Isotopes

Ammonia

Pteridines

Oxidoreductases

Molecular Sequence Data

Water Pollutants, Chemical

Tungsten Compounds

Soil

Culture Media

Hydroponics

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Mutation

Nitrous Oxide

Formates

Periplasm

Escherichia coli

Operon

Coenzymes

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Bacterial Proteins

Plant Shoots

Water Pollution, Chemical

Water Supply

Paracoccus denitrificans

Beta vulgaris

Vasodilator Agents

Formate Dehydrogenases

Phylogeny

Electron Transport

Sodium Nitrite

Methemoglobinemia

Metalloproteins

Nitrogen Fixation

Carbon

DNA, Ribosomal

DNA, Bacterial

Nitroso Compounds

Water Pollutants

Arabidopsis

Plant Leaves

Selenic Acid

Cyanobacteria

Cytochromes

Paracoccus

Oxygen

Enzyme Repression

Neurospora

Geologic Sediments

Fresh Water

Nitrobacter

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Nitric Oxide Donors

Soil Microbiology

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Sulfates