Nicotinic agonists. Medical search

Drugs that bind to and activate nicotinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC). Nicotinic agonists act at postganglionic nicotinic receptors, at neuroeffector junctions in the peripheral nervous system, and at nicotinic receptors in the central nervous system. Agents that function as neuromuscular depolarizing blocking agents are included here because they activate nicotinic receptors, although they are used clinically to block nicotinic transmission.

A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.

Compounds containing the PhCH= radical.

One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Nicotinic receptors were originally distinguished by their preference for NICOTINE over MUSCARINE. They are generally divided into muscle-type and neuronal-type (previously ganglionic) based on pharmacology, and subunit composition of the receptors.

Drugs that bind to nicotinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC) and block the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists. Nicotinic antagonists block synaptic transmission at autonomic ganglia, the skeletal neuromuscular junction, and at central nervous system nicotinic synapses.

Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.

A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.

A class of saturated compounds consisting of two rings only, having two or more atoms in common, containing at least one hetero atom, and that take the name of an open chain hydrocarbon containing the same total number of atoms. (From Riguady et al., Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1979, p31)

A member of the NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR subfamily of the LIGAND-GATED ION CHANNEL family. It consists entirely of pentameric a7 subunits expressed in the CNS, autonomic nervous system, vascular system, lymphocytes and spleen.

Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.

A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM plants. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has antiinflammatory and antineuralgic properties.

The dorsal portion or roof of the midbrain which is composed of two pairs of bumps, the INFERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPERIOR COLLICULI. These four colliculi are also called the quadrigeminal bodies (TECTUM MESENCEPHALI). They are centers for visual sensorimotor integration.

Compounds with a six membered aromatic ring containing NITROGEN. The saturated version is PIPERIDINES.

Agents that mimic neural transmission by stimulation of the nicotinic receptors on postganglionic autonomic neurons. Drugs that indirectly augment ganglionic transmission by increasing the release or slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine or by non-nicotinic effects on postganglionic neurons are not included here nor are the nonspecific cholinergic agonists.

Drugs that mimic the effects of parasympathetic nervous system activity. Included here are drugs that directly stimulate muscarinic receptors and drugs that potentiate cholinergic activity, usually by slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine (CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS). Drugs that stimulate both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons (GANGLIONIC STIMULANTS) are not included here.

Neurotoxic proteins from the venom of the banded or Formosan krait (Bungarus multicinctus, an elapid snake). alpha-Bungarotoxin blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and has been used to isolate and study them; beta- and gamma-bungarotoxins act presynaptically causing acetylcholine release and depletion. Both alpha and beta forms have been characterized, the alpha being similar to the large, long or Type II neurotoxins from other elapid venoms.

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.

Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesized. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of ACETYLCHOLINE, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. The term cholinergic agents is sometimes still used in the narrower sense of MUSCARINIC AGONISTS, although most modern texts discourage that usage.

Drugs that bind to and activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, MUSCARINIC). Muscarinic agonists are most commonly used when it is desirable to increase smooth muscle tone, especially in the GI tract, urinary bladder and the eye. They may also be used to reduce heart rate.

Drugs that bind to and activate cholinergic receptors.

A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.

A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.

A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous ACETYLCHOLINE or exogenous agonists. Muscarinic antagonists have widespread effects including actions on the iris and ciliary muscle of the eye, the heart and blood vessels, secretions of the respiratory tract, GI system, and salivary glands, GI motility, urinary bladder tone, and the central nervous system.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system including the paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia. Among these are the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia.

Drugs that bind to and activate dopamine receptors.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Pinched-off nerve endings and their contents of vesicles and cytoplasm together with the attached subsynaptic area of the membrane of the post-synaptic cell. They are largely artificial structures produced by fractionation after selective centrifugation of nervous tissue homogenates.

One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Muscarinic receptors were originally defined by their preference for MUSCARINE over NICOTINE. There are several subtypes (usually M1, M2, M3....) that are characterized by their cellular actions, pharmacology, and molecular biology.

An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA).

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P1 RECEPTORS.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Drugs that bind to and activate adrenergic receptors.

Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.

Endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are agonists for one or more of the specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.

Endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are agonists for one or more of the specific 5-HT1 receptor subtypes.

Drugs that bind to and activate histamine receptors. Although they have been suggested for a variety of clinical applications histamine agonists have so far been more widely used in research than therapeutically.

Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P2 RECEPTORS.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.

Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate GABA-A RECEPTORS.

Compounds that bind to and stimulate ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTORS.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.

Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS.

Drugs that bind to and activate excitatory amino acid receptors.

Compounds that interact with and stimulate the activity of CANNABINOID RECEPTORS.

Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC BETA-3 RECEPTORS.

A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Mu opioid receptors bind, in decreasing order of affinity, endorphins, dynorphins, met-enkephalin, and leu-enkephalin. They have also been shown to be molecular receptors for morphine.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate ADENOSINE A3 RECEPTORS.

A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Kappa opioid receptors bind dynorphins with a higher affinity than endorphins which are themselves preferred to enkephalins.

Quantitative determination of receptor (binding) proteins in body fluids or tissue using radioactively labeled binding reagents (e.g., antibodies, intracellular receptors, plasma binders).

Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate GABA-B RECEPTORS.

A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Delta opioid receptors bind endorphins and enkephalins with approximately equal affinity and have less affinity for dynorphins.

Endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate SEROTONIN 5-HT4 RECEPTORS.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. D2-class receptor genes contain INTRONS, and the receptors inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.

Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.

Compounds that bind to and activate PURINERGIC RECEPTORS.

A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.

Cell membrane proteins that bind opioids and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The endogenous ligands for opioid receptors in mammals include three families of peptides, the enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins. The receptor classes include mu, delta, and kappa receptors. Sigma receptors bind several psychoactive substances, including certain opioids, but their endogenous ligands are not known.

Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC BETA-1 RECEPTORS.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.

(S)-(-)-Cotinine, the major brain metabolite of nicotine, stimulates nicotinic receptors to evoke [3H]dopamine release from rat striatal slices in a calcium-dependent manner. (1/1634)

Cotinine, a major peripheral metabolite of nicotine, has recently been shown to be the most abundant metabolite in rat brain after peripheral nicotine administration. However, little attention has been focused on the contribution of cotinine to the pharmacological effects of nicotine exposure in either animals or humans. The present study determined the concentration-response relationship for (S)-(-)-cotinine-evoked 3H overflow from superfused rat striatal slices preloaded with [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) and whether this response was mediated by nicotinic receptor stimulation. (S)-(-)-Cotinine (1 microM to 3 mM) evoked 3H overflow from [3H]DA-preloaded rat striatal slices in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 value of 30 microM, indicating a lower potency than either (S)-(-)-nicotine or the active nicotine metabolite, (S)-(-)-nornicotine. As reported for (S)-(-)-nicotine and (S)-(-)-nornicotine, desensitization to the effect of (S)-(-)-cotinine was observed. The classic nicotinic receptor antagonists mecamylamine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine inhibited the response to (S)-(-)-cotinine (1-100 microM). Additionally, 3H overflow evoked by (S)-(-)-cotinine (10-1000 microM) was inhibited by superfusion with a low calcium buffer. Interestingly, over the same concentration range, (S)-(-)-cotinine did not inhibit [3H]DA uptake into striatal synaptosomes. These results demonstrate that (S)-(-)-cotinine, a constituent of tobacco products and the major metabolite of nicotine, stimulates nicotinic receptors to evoke the release of DA in a calcium-dependent manner from superfused rat striatal slices. Thus, (S)-(-)-cotinine likely contributes to the neuropharmacological effects of nicotine and tobacco use. (+info)

N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels mediate the nicotinic enhancement of GABA release in chick brain. (2/1634)

The role of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated enhancement of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) was investigated in chick brain slices. Whole cell recordings of neurons in the lateral spiriform (SpL) and ventral lateral geniculate (LGNv) nuclei showed that cadmium chloride (CdCl2) blocked the carbachol-induced increase of spontaneous GABAergic IPSCs, indicating that VDCCs might be involved. To conclusively show a role for VDCCs, the presynaptic effect of carbachol on SpL and LGNv neurons was examined in the presence of selective blockers of VDCC subtypes. omega-Conotoxin GVIA, a selective antagonist of N-type channels, significantly reduced the nAChR-mediated enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release in the SpL by 78% compared with control responses. Nifedipine, an L-type channel blocker, and omega-Agatoxin-TK, a P/Q-type channel blocker, did not inhibit the enhancement of GABAergic IPSCs. In the LGNv, omega-Conotoxin GVIA also significantly reduced the nAChR-mediated enhancement of GABA release by 71% from control values. Although omega-Agatoxin-TK did not block the nicotinic enhancement, L-type channel blockers showed complex effects on the nAChR-mediated enhancement. These results indicate that the nAChR-mediated enhancement of spontaneous GABAergic IPSCs requires activation of N-type channels in both the SpL and LGNv. (+info)

Light-induced calcium influx into retinal axons is regulated by presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity in vivo. (3/1634)

Visual activity is thought to be a critical factor in controlling the development of central retinal projections. Neuronal activity increases cytosolic calcium, which was hypothesized to regulate process outgrowth in neurons. We performed an in vivo imaging study in the retinotectal system of albino Xenopus laevis tadpoles with the fluorescent calcium indicator calcium green 1 dextran (CaGD) to test the role of calcium in regulating axon arbor development. We find that visual stimulus to the retina increased CaGD fluorescence intensity in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon arbors within the optic tectum and that branch additions to retinotectal axon arbors correlated with a local rise in calcium in the parent branch. We find three types of responses to visual stimulus, which roughly correlate with the ON, OFF, and SUSTAINED response types of RGC reported by physiological criteria. Imaging in bandscan mode indicated that patterns of calcium transients were nonuniform throughout the axons. We tested whether the increase in calcium in the retinotectal axons required synaptic activity in the retina; intraocular application of tetrodotoxin (10 microM) or nifedipine (1 and 10 microM) blocked the stimulus-induced increase in RGC axonal fluorescence. A second series of pharmacological investigations was designed to determine the mechanism of the calcium elevation in the axon terminals within the optic tectum. Injection of bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-AM (BAPTA-AM) (20 mM) into the tectal ventricle reduced axonal calcium levels, supporting the idea that visual stimulation increases axonal calcium. Injection of BAPTA (20 mM) into the tectal ventricle to chelate extracellular calcium also attenuated the calcium response to visual stimulation, indicating that calcium enters the axon from the extracellular medium. Caffeine (10 mM) caused a large increase in axonal calcium, indicating that intracellular stores contribute to the calcium signal. Presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) may play a role in axon arbor development and the formation of the topographic retinotectal projection. Injection of nicotine (10 microM) into the tectal ventricle significantly elevated RGC axonal calcium levels, whereas application of the nAChR antagonist alphaBTX (100 nM) reduced the stimulus-evoked rise in RGC calcium fluorescence. These data suggest that light stimulus to the retina increases calcium in the axon terminal arbors through a mechanism that includes influx through nAChRs and amplification by calcium-induced calcium release from intracellular calcium stores. Such a mechanism may contribute to developmental plasticity of the retinotectal system by influencing both axon arbor elaboration and the strength of synaptic transmission. (+info)

Prenatal nicotine increases pulmonary alpha7 nicotinic receptor expression and alters fetal lung development in monkeys. (4/1634)

It is well established that maternal smoking during pregnancy is a leading preventable cause of low birth weight and prematurity. Less appreciated is that maternal smoking during pregnancy is also associated with alterations in pulmonary function at birth and greater incidence of respiratory illnesses after birth. To determine if this is the direct result of nicotine interacting with nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) during lung development, rhesus monkeys were treated with 1 mg/kg/day of nicotine from days 26 to 134 of pregnancy. Nicotine administration caused lung hypoplasia and reduced surface complexity of developing alveoli. Immunohistochemistry and in situ alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBGT) binding showed that alpha7 nAChRs are present in the developing lung in airway epithelial cells, cells surrounding large airways and blood vessels, alveolar type II cells, free alveolar macrophages, and pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC). As detected both by immunohistochemistry and by alphaBGT binding, nicotine administration markedly increased alpha7 receptor subunit expression and binding in the fetal lung. Correlating with areas of increased alpha7 expression, collagen expression surrounding large airways and vessels was significantly increased. Nicotine also significantly increased numbers of type II cells and neuroendocrine cells in neuroepithelial bodies. These findings demonstrate that nicotine can alter fetal monkey lung development by crossing the placenta to interact directly with nicotinic receptors on non-neuronal cells in the developing lung, and that similar effects likely occur in human infants whose mothers smoke during pregnancy. (+info)

Local alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic receptors modulate hippocampal norepinephrine release by systemic nicotine. (5/1634)

Previous studies have shown that nicotinic receptors (NAChRs) accessible from the cerebral aqueduct of the brainstem mediate the hippocampal norepinephrine (NE) release induced by i.v. nicotine. The present study was designed to investigate the role of hippocampal NAChRs in this process. Nicotinic antagonists were microinjected or microdialyzed into the hippocampus (HP) before administering nicotine (0.09 mg/kg over 60 s, i.v.) to freely moving rats. alpha-Bungarotoxin (0.3 nmol by microinjection) blocked nicotine-induced hippocampal NE release by 47% (p <.05) and abolished the effect of 0.065 mg/kg nicotine. Methyllycaconitine (1.4-5.6 mM in the dialysate) inhibited the stimulatory effect of nicotine 0.09 mg/kg by 48 to 75% (p <.05). In contrast, mecamylamine (2.9-5.8 mM) and dihydro-beta-erythroidine (7-14 mM) were completely ineffective. The role of hippocampal NAChRs was demonstrated further by selectively desensitizing these receptors before the systemic infusion of nicotine. To do so, the HP was pretreated with nicotine (0.1 mM) delivered through the microdialysis probe; this concentration was calculated to yield tissue concentrations similar to those produced by the systemic infusions of nicotine. Dialyzing this concentration of nicotine into the HP inhibited the NE response to i.v. nicotine by 34% (p <.05), and 1.0 mM nicotine reduced the response by 40%. These studies indicate that alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive hippocampal NAChRs, probably containing alpha7 subunits, modulate hippocampal NE release because of systemic nicotine. (+info)

Choline and selective antagonists identify two subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that modulate GABA release from CA1 interneurons in rat hippocampal slices. (6/1634)

Neuronal nicotinic receptors (nAChR) are known to control transmitter release in the CNS. Thus, this study was aimed at exploring the diversity and localization of nAChRs present in CA1 interneurons in rat hippocampal slices. The use of a U-tube as the agonist delivery system was critical for the reliable detection of nicotinic responses induced by brief exposure of the neurons to ACh or to the alpha7 nAChR-selective agonist choline. The present study demonstrated that CA1 interneurons, in addition to expressing functional alpha7 nAChRs, also express functional alpha4beta2-like nAChRs and that activation of both receptors facilitates an action potential-dependent release of GABA. Depending on the experimental condition, one of the following nicotinic responses was recorded from the interneurons by means of the patch-clamp technique: a nicotinic whole-cell current, depolarization accompanied by action potentials, or GABA-mediated postsynaptic currents (PSCs). Responses mediated by alpha7 nAChRs were short-lasting, whereas those mediated by alpha4beta2 nAChRs were long-lasting. Thus, phasic or tonic inhibition of CA1 interneurons may be achieved by selective activation of alpha7 or alpha4beta2 nAChRs, respectively. It can also be suggested that synaptic levels of choline generated by hydrolysis of ACh in vivo may be sufficient to control the activity of the alpha7 nAChRs. The finding that methyllycaconitine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine (antagonists of alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChRs, respectively) increased the frequency and amplitude of GABAergic PSCs suggests that there is an intrinsic cholinergic activity that sustains a basal level of nAChR activity in these interneurons. (+info)

Resistance to levamisole resolved at the single-channel level. (7/1634)

Levamisole is commonly used to treat nematode parasite infections but therapy is limited by resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of resistance to this selective nicotinic drug. Levamisole receptor channel currents in muscle patches from levamisole-sensitive and levamisole-resistant isolates of the parasitic nematode Oesophagostomum dentatum were compared. The number of channels present in patches of sensitive and resistant isolates was similar at 10 microM levamisole, but at 30 microM and 100 microM the resistant isolate contained fewer active patches, suggesting desensitization. Mean Po and open times were reduced in resistant isolates. The distribution of conductances of channels in the sensitive isolate revealed a heterogeneous receptor population and the presence of G25, G35, G40, and G45 subtypes. A G35 subtype was missing in the resistant isolate. Resistance to levamisole was produced by changes in the averaged properties of the levamisole receptor population, with some receptors from sensitive and resistant isolates having indistinguishable characteristics. (+info)

Somatic and prejunctional nicotinic receptors in cultured rat sympathetic neurones show different agonist profiles. (8/1634)

1. The release of [3H]-noradrenaline ([3H]-NA) in response to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists was compared with agonist-induced currents in cultured rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurones. 2. [3H]-NA release in response to high concentrations of nicotinic agonists was reduced, but not fully inhibited, by the presence of either tetrodotoxin (TTX) or Cd2+ to block voltage-gated Na+ or Ca2+ channels, respectively. We used the component of transmitter release that remained in the presence of these substances (named TTX- or Cd2+-insensitive release) to pharmacologically characterize nAChRs in proximity to the sites of vesicular exocytosis (prejunctional receptors). Prejunctional nAChRs were activated by nicotinic agonists with a rank order of potency of dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP) > nicotine > cytisine > ACh, and with EC50 values ranging from 22 microM (DMPP) to 110 microM (ACh). 3. [3H]-NA release in response to low concentrations of nAChR agonists was fully inhibited by the presence of either TTX or Cd2+ (named TTX- or Cd2+-sensitive release). TTX-sensitive release was triggered by nicotinic agonists with a rank order of potency of DMPP > cytisine approximately nicotine approximately ACh, which due to its similarity to TTX-insensitive release indicates that it might also be triggered by prejunctional-type nAChRs. The EC50 values for TTX (Cd2+)-sensitive release were less than 10 microM for all four agonists. 4. By contrast to transmitter release, somatic nAChRs as seen by patch clamp recordings were most potently activated by cytisine, with a rank order of potency of cytisine > nicotine approximately DMPP > ACh. EC50 values for the induction of currents exceeded 20 microM for all four agonists. 5. The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine potently inhibited all transmitter release in response to nicotine. alpha-Bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTX) was, on the other hand, without significant effect on nicotine-induced TTX-insensitive release. The competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) caused rightward shifts of the dose-response curves for both TTX-sensitive and TTX-insensitive transmitter release as well as for currents in response to nicotine, with pA2 values ranging from 4.03 to 4.58. 6. Due to clear differences in the pharmacology of agonists we propose that nAChRs of distinct subunit composition are differentially targeted to somatic or axonal domains. (+info)

Media related to Nicotinic agonists at Wikimedia Commons nicotinic+agonists at the US National Library of Medicine Medical ... Other nicotinic agonists, albeit generally with limited clinical use, include: lobeline, an agonist on Ganglion type nicotinic ... "An improved nicotinic pharmacophore and a stereoselective CoMFA-model for nicotinic agonists acting at the central nicotinic ... A nicotinic agonist is a drug that mimics the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinic_agonist

... (DMXBA) is a derivative of the natural product anabaseine that acts as a partial agonist at neural nicotinic ... Martin LF, Kem WR, Freedman R (June 2004). "Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor agonists: potential new candidates for the treatment of ... Olincy A, Stevens KE (October 2007). "Treating schizophrenia symptoms with an alpha7 nicotinic agonist, from mice to men". ... Simosky JK, Stevens KE, Freedman R (April 2002). "Nicotinic agonists and psychosis". Current Drug Targets. CNS and Neurological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTS-21

It is a nicotinic agonist, meaning it binds to nicotinic receptors in the body and mimics the effects of the neurotransmitter ... as they would block nAChR to prevent the acetylcholine agonist from binding to the acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic agonists ... 336-337). Phantasmidine is a nicotinic agonist that acts at acetylcholine receptors. It mimics the effects of acetylcholine on ... 24 October 2013). "Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists". United States Patent Application Publication. 1 (12/583, 420): 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantasmidine

... is a chemical compound which acts as a partial agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, binding to both ... Epiboxidine is around one-tenth as potent as epibatidine as an α4β2 agonist, but has around the same potency as an α3β4 agonist ... further potent agonists for nicotinic receptors". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 12 (1): 179-90. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2003.10. ... Badio B, Garraffo HM, Plummer CV, Padgett WL, Daly JW (February 1997). "Synthesis and nicotinic activity of epiboxidine: an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiboxidine

"Nicotinic acid receptor agonists differentially activate downstream effectors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (25): ... GPR109A and its agonists are known to exert anti-inflammatory actions in the skin, gut and retina. Zhang Y, Schmidt RJ, ... Full agonists of HCA2 include: D-β-Hydroxybutyric acid and β-hydroxybutyrate Butyric acid and butyrate Niacin (also known as ... HCA2 is a high-affinity Gi/Go-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for nicotinic acid (niacin), and is a member of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxycarboxylic_acid_receptor_2

Examples include the nicotinic agonists, suxamethonium and decamethonium. Zuckerman, Marvin (May 31, 1991). Psychobiology of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depolarization

Nicotinic agonists, Nicotinic antagonists, Plant toxin insecticides, Pregnane X receptor agonists, Pyridine alkaloids, ... Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor ... Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor ... Both drugs are agonists are nicotinic cholinergic receptors ... Kishioka S, Kiguchi N, Kobayashi Y, Saika F (2014). "Nicotine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine

ISBN 978-0-85404-559-4. Jeschke, Peter; Nauen, Ralf; Beck, Michael Edmund (2013). "Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists: A ... It had first been isolated in 1934 from the marine annelid Lumbriconereis heteropoda and acts by blocking the nicotinic ... "Cartap Hydrolysis Relative to Its Action at the Insect Nicotinic Channel". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52 (1): ... studies using synapses from the cockroach Periplaneta americana showed that it acts by blocking the nicotinic acetylcholine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nereistoxin

... is an agonist of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Some research pointed out some of the ... Jeschke, Peter; Nauen, Ralf; Beck, Michael Edmund (2013). "Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists: A Milestone for Modern ... Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors will interact with flupyradifurone. When flupyradifurone binds to the protein receptor ... 1999). Nicotinoid Insecticides and the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. doi:10.1007/978-4-431-67933-2. ISBN 978-4-431-68011-6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flupyradifurone

... is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. In high doses, it produces a depolarizing block of nerve transmission ... Nicotinic agonists, Alkaloids found in Nicotiana, Plant toxin insecticides, Piperidine alkaloids, Plant toxins, 3-Pyridyl ... 2006). "Relative toxicities and neuromuscular nicotinic receptor agonistic potencies of anabasine enantiomers and anabaseine". ... a class of potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-ligands". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 73 (9): 3497-507. doi:10.1021/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasine

It acts as a partial agonist at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, binding to both the α3β4 and the α4β2 subtypes. ... Lynch JJ, Wade CL, Mikusa JP, Decker MW, Honore P (February 2005). "ABT-594 (a nicotinic acetylcholine agonist): anti-allodynia ... Joshi SK, Mikusa JP, Weaver B, Honore P (February 2008). "Morphine and ABT-594 (a nicotinic acetylcholine agonist) exert ... However, further research in this area is ongoing, and the development of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists is ongoing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tebanicline

Muscarinic agonists activate muscarinic receptors while nicotinic agonists activate nicotine receptors. Both are direct-acting ... Muscarinic agonists are used as drugs in treating glaucoma, postoperative ileus, congenital megacolon, urinary retention and ... Inocybe and Clitocybe contain muscarine concentrations up to 1.6%. Muscarine is a nonselective agonist of the muscarinic ... These receptors were named after muscarine, to differentiate them from the other acetylcholine receptors (nicotinic receptors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscarine

... is a derivative of the toxic alkaloid cytisine that acts as a highly potent agonist at neural nicotinic ... April 2006). "C3-halogenation of cytisine generates potent and efficacious nicotinic receptor agonists". European Journal of ... 3-Bromocytisine is a full agonist at the α7 subtype while it is only a partial agonist at α4β2, but has an extremely strong ... Nicotinic agonists, Nitrogen heterocycles, Lactams, Organobromides, All stub articles, Nervous system drug stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Bromocytisine

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 Nicotinic agonists "Reference at image.slidesharecdn.com". Doyle DA (2004). "Structural ... Nicotinic and muscarinic are two main kinds of "cholinergic" receptors. Molecular biology has shown that the nicotinic and ... Nicotinic receptors are of two types: Nm and Nn. Nm is located in the neuromuscular junction which causes the contraction of ... Nicotinic receptors are the primary mediator of the effects of nicotine. In myasthenia gravis, the receptor at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholine_receptor

"Nicotinic alpha5 subunit deletion locally reduces high-affinity agonist activation without altering nicotinic receptor numbers ... "Nicotinic alpha5 subunit deletion locally reduces high-affinity agonist activation without altering nicotinic receptor numbers ... The alpha-5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α5 nAChR) also known as the α5 receptor is a type of ligand gated nicotinic ... Decker MW, Meyer MD, Sullivan JP (October 2001). "The therapeutic potential of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-5_nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor

Also, many nemerteans produce toxins of which some are nicotinic agonists. Some of these toxins, originally found in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enopla

Decker, M.; Meyer, M.; Sullivan, J. (2001). "The therapeutic potential of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists for pain ... Meyer, Michael D. (2006). "Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as a target for the treatment of neuropathic pain". Drug ... This target-site insensitivity to the potent toxin epibatidine on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors provides a toxin resistance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison_dart_frog

Muscarine Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor Muscarinic antagonist Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Nicotinic agonist Nicotinic ... "Activation of muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels by nicotinic and muscarinic agonists". British Journal of ... In the form of pilocarpine, muscarinic receptor agonists have been used medically for a short time. M3 agonists Aceclidine, for ... Muscarinic+Agonists at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Articles to be expanded from April ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscarinic_agonist

The main toxin in the plant is cytisine, a nicotinic receptor agonist. It is used as a food plant by the larvae of some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laburnum

Ion channel Nicotinic agonists Receptor (biochemistry) Kellaris, Kennan Vincent (Apr 18, 1989). "Assessment of the number of ... October 19, 2005). "Structures of Aplysia AChBP complexes with nicotinic agonists and antagonists reveal distinctive binding ... Once the agonist binds it brings about conformational changes (including moving a beta sheet of the amino-terminal domain, and ... The Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel superfamily is composed of nicotinic acetylcholine, GABAA, GABAA-ρ, glycine, 5-HT3, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cys-loop_receptor

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Nicotinic agonist Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor Muscarinic agonist Muscarinic antagonist P ... A nicotinic antagonist is a type of anticholinergic drug that inhibits the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at nicotinic ... ISBN 0-443-07145-4. Page 149 Media related to Nicotinic antagonists at Wikimedia Commons Nicotinic+antagonists at the US ... Succinylcholine is a nicotinic agonist. See neuromuscular blocking agents page for details on the mechanism of action. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinic_antagonist

... influences nicotinic ACh-receptor agonist-induced norepinephrine release. Upon activation of muscarinic ACh ... Acetylcholine (ACh) plays a key role in activation of nicotinic and muscarinic ACh-receptors. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margatoxin

Martin LF, Kem WR, Freedman R (Jun 2004). "Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor agonists: potential new candidates for the treatment of ... Another area of research is the role of nicotinic receptors in schizophrenia and smoking. Studies show increased numbers of ... However, others argue that the increase in nicotinic receptors is a result of persistent heavy smoking, rather than ... Experimental drugs that agonize the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors targeted by nicotine such as GTS-21 have been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia_and_tobacco_smoking

... , a potent analgetic and nicotinic agonist, Molecular Pharmacology 1994; 45: 563-569 Sihver, Acta (2002). " ... Nicotinic agonists, Vertebrate toxins, Pyridine alkaloids, Halogen-containing alkaloids, Chloropyridines, Neurotoxins, Halogen- ... Pharmacological Properties of a Novel Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist and Analgesic Agent". CNS Drug Reviews. 2 (1): ... The rank order of affinities for the muscle nicotinic receptors is αε > αγ > αδ. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are found in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epibatidine

conducted clinical trials of an agonist-antagonist combination treatment, using nicotine (agonist) and mecamylamine (nicotinic ... Pfizer pharmaceuticals cited this work as helping to inspire the development of the partial nicotinic agonist varenicline, ... May 2005). "Varenicline: an alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist for smoking cessation". J. Med. Chem. 48 (10): 3474- ... Rose, JE; Levin, ED (1992). "Concurrent agonist-antagonist administration for the analysis and treatment of drug dependence". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jed_Rose_(scientist)

Subsequently it was found to possess activity as an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors during the course of work that ... an alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist for smoking cessation". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 48 (10): 3474-7. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1,5-methano-1H-3-benzazepine

An α7 nicotinic agonist appears to have positive effects on neurocognition in persons with schizophrenia. Activation of α7 ... α7 subtype preferring blocker α3β2-Nicotinic receptor α3β4-Nicotinic receptor α4β2-Nicotinic receptor RIC3, a chaperone protein ... June 2006). "Proof-of-concept trial of an alpha7 nicotinic agonist in schizophrenia". Archives of General Psychiatry. 63 (6): ... The alpha-7 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α7 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor implicated in long ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-7_nicotinic_receptor

... (MBF) is an extremely potent nicotinic agonist. It has powerful ganglion stimulating effects. It ... Nicotinic agonists, Bromoarenes, Phenol ethers, Quaternary ammonium compounds, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline_m-bromophenyl_ether

As well as the endogenous agonist acetylcholine, agonists of the nAChR include nicotine, epibatidine, and choline. Nicotinic ... It has been reported that, after prolonged receptor exposure to the agonist, the agonist itself causes an agonist-induced ... "Varenicline is a partial agonist at alpha4beta2 and a full agonist at alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptors". Molecular ... Nicotinic receptors also respond to drugs such as the agonist nicotine. They are found in the central and peripheral nervous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor

... is a drug that acts as a potent and selective agonist for the α7 subtype of neural nicotinic acetylcholine ... Nicotinic agonists, Stimulants, Nootropics, Quinuclidines, Benzamides, Chloroarenes, All stub articles, Nervous system drug ... and in vivo activity of azabicyclic aryl amides as alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists". Bioorg. Med. Chem. 14 (24 ... "Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists selectively activate limbic regions of the rat forebrain: an effect similar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNU-282,987

Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or ... The suppression of muscarinic receptors and the activation of nicotinic receptors due to prenatal exposure to nicotine have ... An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and ... Acetylcholine plays an important modulatory role on the respiratory system by altering nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Bötzinger_complex

... have demonstrated that the amyloid-β peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease acts as an agonist at α7 nicotinic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitromemantine

Altinicline is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist that has shown potential in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, ... 3.0.CO;2-G. Parkinson Study, Group (14 February 2006). "Randomized placebo-controlled study of the nicotinic agonist SIB-1508Y ... a nicotinic receptor agonist. The alkynylation reaction of aryl halides using aromatic acetylenes was reported in 1975 in three ... "A Practical and Efficient Synthesis of the Selective Neuronal Acetylcholine-Gated Ion Channel Agonist (S)-(−)-5-Ethynyl-3-(1- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonogashira_coupling

Inverse agonist - invertebrate peptide receptor - invertebrate photoreceptor - Ion channel - ion channel gating - Ionic bond - ... nicotinic receptor - nitrogen - nitroglycerine - Nobel Prize in Chemistry - non-competitive inhibition - nuclear lamina - ... agonist - alanine - albumin - alcohol - alcoholic fermentation - alicyclic compound - aliphatic compound - alkali - allosteric ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

Nicotinic agonists, Nootropics, Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Phenyl compounds, Racetams, Russian drugs, Russian ... Phenylpiracetam binds to α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the mouse brain cortex with IC50 = 5.86 μM. Experiments ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylpiracetam

"Insights into a highly conserved network of hydrogen bonds in the agonist binding site of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST_motif

The actual shut-open conformation change turned out to be much the same for partial agonists as it was for full agonists. In ... Lape, R.; Colquhoun, D.; Sivilotti, L. G. (2008). "On the nature of partial agonism in the nicotinic receptor superfamily". ... 2008) found that partial agonists were partial, not, as had been supposed since 1957, because of a deficiency in the open ... Subsequently, it was discovered that this extra "flipped" conformation was detectable too in the nicotinic acetylcholine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Colquhoun

The structurally related compound (-)-2β-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)nortropane is a potent and selective agonist for nicotinic ... Cheng J, Izenwasser S, Zhang C, Zhang S, Wade D, Trudell ML (April 2004). "Synthesis and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTI-126

... (SSR-591,813) is a drug developed by Sanofi-Aventis which acts as a partial agonist at neural nicotinic ... July 2003). "SSR591813, a novel selective and partial alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor agonist with potential as an aid to ... Nicotinic agonists, Stimulants, Azepines, Bridged heterocyclic compounds, Pyridines). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianicline

"Modulation of aggressive behavior in mice by nicotinic receptor subtypes". Biochemical Pharmacology. Nicotinic Acetylcholine ... Agonists and antagonists of the receptors for the endogenous hormones oxytocin and vasopressin, respectively, have been shown ... Additionally, nicotinic receptors are required for rabies virus entry into a neuron, and the dysfunction of these neurons is ... The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: From Molecular Biology to Cognition. 96 (Pt B): 235-243. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serenic

... is a drug developed by Abbott, which acts as an agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors selective for the ... Nicotinic agonists, Nitriles, Pyridines, Pyrrolidines, Stimulants, All stub articles, Analgesic stubs). ... heptanes as novel alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor selective agonists". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 50 (22): ... heptane alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor selective agonist: Synthesis, analgesic efficacy and tolerability profile ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-366,833

Nicotinic, imidazoline I1 and I2, α2-adrenergic (no intrinsic activity-neither agonist nor antagonist), glutamate NMDAr, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agmatine

... alkane-type agonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors: Synthesis, in vitro functional characterization, and in vivo ... "Evaluation of anti-nociceptive effects of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (NAChR) ligands in the rat tail-flick assay ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nociception_assay

In addition to its actions as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil has been found to act as a potent agonist of the σ1 ... Donepezil upregulates the nicotinic receptors in the cortical neurons, adding to neuroprotective property. It inhibits voltage- ... Sigma agonists, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donepezil

It also acts as a potent, noncompetitive α3β4 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, as well as a weak serotonin ... Mu-opioid receptor agonists, NMDA receptor antagonists, Propionate esters, Withdrawn drugs, Potassium channel blockers). ... Xiao, Yingxian (October 2001). "Blockade of Rat α3β4 Nicotinic Receptor Function by Methadone, Its Metabolites, and Structural ... Impaired alertness Confusion Serious or fatal heart rhythms Nausea Dextropropoxyphene acts as a mu-opioid receptor agonist. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextropropoxyphene

... and BDPC is a potent μ-opioid agonist, while PRE-084 is a selective sigma receptor agonist. Thus, radically different ... "Determinants of phencyclidine potency on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from muscle and electric organ". Cellular and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arylcyclohexylamine

Nicotinic agonists, Quaternary ammonium compounds, Succinate esters, World Health Organization essential medicines, Wikipedia ... Binding of suxamethonium to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor results in opening of the receptor's monovalent cation channel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suxamethonium_chloride

... evidence for nitrous oxide as an opioid agonist. European Journal of Pharmacology 89: 177-8. Ori, C., Ford-Rice, F., London, E ... Nicotinic antagonists, Nitrogen cycle, NMDA receptor antagonists, Rocket oxidizers, Trace gases, World Health Organization ... Glycine receptor agonists, Greenhouse gases, Industrial gases, Industrial hygiene, Inhalants, Nitrogen oxides, Monopropellants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrous_oxide

D2R agonist and nAChR antagonist) Oxantel α3β2-Nicotinic receptor α3β4-Nicotinic receptor α6β2-Nicotinic receptor α7-Nicotinic ... The alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α4β2 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ... potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists". J. Med. Chem. 49 (26): 7843-53. doi:10.1021/jm060846z. PMID 17181167. Ji, ... exceptionally potent agonists at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors". J. Med. Chem. 50 (15): 3627-44. doi:10.1021/jm070018l. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-4_beta-2_nicotinic_receptor

... nicotinic acetylcholine receptor blockers (15), ecdysone receptor agonists (18), volgate-gated sodium channel blockers (22A and ... a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blocker (IRAC group 14), began to show low to moderate efficacy decline in South ... nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators (5), chloride channel activators (6), midgut membrane disruptor (11), oxidative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuta_absoluta

Amongst the common drugs of abuse, nicotine is one of the strongest agonists at the nicotinic cholinergic synapse. Nicotine, ... competing with acetylcholine (ACh), acts through the nonsynaptic, preterminal, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonsynaptic_plasticity

Meyers CD, Carr MC, Park S, Brunzell JD (Dec 2003). "Varying cost and free nicotinic acid content in over-the-counter niacin ... a PPAR delta agonist (PDF). 48th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology. Baltimore: Society of Toxicology. p. 105. ... Niacin (nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3) increases HDL by selectively inhibiting hepatic diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 ... Soudijn W, van Wijngaarden I, Ijzerman AP (May 2007). "Nicotinic acid receptor subtypes and their ligands". Medicinal Research ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-density_lipoprotein

Le Novère N, Grutter T, Changeux JP (2002). "Models of the extracellular domain of the nicotinic receptors and of agonist and ... Le Novère N, Zoli M, Léna C, Ferrari R, Picciotto MR, Merlo-Pich E, Changeux JP (1999). "Involvement of α6 nicotinic receptor ... Le Novère N, Changeux JP (1995). "Molecular evolution of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: an example of multigene family ... Le Novère N, Zoli M, Changeux JP (1996). "Neuronal nicotinic receptor α6 subunit mRNA is selectively concentrated in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Le_Novère

Niacin (Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide)". Vitamins, 11. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of ... GPER agonists, World Health Organization essential medicines, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate). ... As a supplement, it is used by mouth to prevent and treat pellagra (niacin deficiency). While nicotinic acid (niacin) may be ... The enzyme allows for a more selective synthesis as further hydrolysis of the amide to nicotinic acid is avoided. Nicotinamide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinamide

... sensor protein visinin-like protein-1 modulates the surface expression and agonist sensitivity of the alpha 4beta 2 nicotinic ... 2000). "The nicotinic receptor beta 2 subunit is mutant in nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy". Nat. Genet. 26 (3): 275-6. doi: ... Bracci L, Lozzi L, Rustici M, Neri P (1992). "Binding of HIV-1 gp120 to the nicotinic receptor". FEBS Lett. 311 (2): 115-8. doi ... 2002). "Changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits expression in brain of patients with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHRNB2

Worm D, Vinten J, Vaag A, Henriksen JE, Beck-Nielsen H (September 2000). "The nicotinic acid analogue acipimox increases plasma ... Leptin receptor agonists, Peptide hormones, Mutated genes, Obesity). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptin

Alpha-7 nicotinic agonists for cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders: A translational meta-analysis of rodent and ... Alpha-7 nicotinic agonists for cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders: A translational meta-analysis of rodent and ... Animal models of cognitive dysfunction relevant to both disorders suggest the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) may ... Our results suggest that targeting the α7 nAChR with agonists is not a robust treatment for cognitive dysfunction in SCZ or AD ...

https://www.vumc.org/lewis-lab/publication/alpha-7-nicotinic-agonists-cognitive-deficits-neuropsychiatric-disorders-translational

Here we have investigated the specific role of alpha7 nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area for the neurobiological ... Previous data show that nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area are of importance for the nicotine withdrawal ... Nicotinic Agonists * Receptors, Nicotinic * alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor * 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ... Nicotine withdrawal in the rat: role of alpha7 nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area Neuroreport. 1999 Mar 17;10(4 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10208533/?dopt=Abstract

Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonists have been developed to treat schizophrenia but failed in clinical ... Dose-dependent effects of GAT107, a novel allosteric agonist-positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM) for the α7 nicotinic ... GAT107, a type 2 allosteric agonist-positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM) to the α7 nAChR was designed to activate the α7 ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/saudepublica/resource/pt/mdl-37424993

1995) Agonist and toxin sensitivities of ACh-evoked currents on neurons expressing multiple nicotinic ACh receptor subunits. J ... The pharmacological profiles (agonist rank order of potency) of these neurons do not match the profiles of nicotinic receptors ... 1991) Both α- and β-subunits contribute to the agonist sensitivity of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Neurosci 11 ... Whole-cell currents in rat parasympathetic neurons evoked by nicotinic agonists. A, Whole-cell current responses evoked by 10 ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/17/2/586

Nicotinic agonists appear to relieve dyskinesias in some people with Tourette syndrome, a condition characterized by the ... The relation between TD and the use of cigarettes and other nicotinic agonists remains to be clarified. The results of an ... Zopiclone, an agonist for the A receptor complex of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), was reported to alleviate TD in 2 adults. [ ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1151826-overview

Drugs that bind to and activate nicotinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC). Nicotinic agonists act at ... A partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors, it is used as an aid to giving up smoking.. 3.2 Usage. Nicotinic a4? ... Nicotinic a4? acetylcholine receptor partial agonist. Aid in smoking cessation.. 8.6 Uses. Nicotinic α4β2 acetylcholine ... Varenicline tartrate is a partial α4β2 nicotinic receptor agonist and α7 full agonist. Varenicline competitively binds to α4β2 ...

https://www.guidechem.com/encyclopedia/varenicline-tartrate-dic33103.html

Selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists worsen disease in experimental colitis. Br J Pharmacol 2010;160:322- ... Effects of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 on the innate immune response in humans. Shock 2011;36:5- ... Effects of an alpha 7-nicotinic agonist on default network activity in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2011;69:7-11. ... Targeting alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the enteric nervous system: a cholinergic agonist prevents gut barrier ...

https://gut.bmj.com/content/62/8/1214

Two additional medications are varenicline (a nicotinic receptor partial agonist) and bupropion (an antidepressant).4 ...

https://www.renalandurologynews.com/home/news/ethical-issues-in-medicine/helping-patients-quit-smoking-a-road-map-for-clinicians/

Varenicline. Varenicline is a selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist approved for tobacco smoking cessation. In a ... 5HT-2C agonist lorcaserin decreases cannabis self-administration in daily cannabis smokers. Addict Biol. 2021;26(4):e12993. ... Nabiximols as an agonist replacement therapy during cannabis withdrawal: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71( ... Guanfacine. Guanfacine is an α2A-adrenergic agonist that has been approved by the FDA to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity ...

https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/current-treatments-for-cannabis-use-disorder

Sample Decks: Intro to PNS, Nicotinic Agonists and Antagonists, Muscarinic Agonists and Antagonists ...

https://www.brainscape.com/subjects/cardiogenic-shock

It has a fascinating dual mechanism of action: 1) It is a partial agonist at nicotinic receptors, mimicking nicotine effects on ...

https://www.thecarlatreport.com/articles/1509-smoking-cessation-which-options-are-best-

A pooled analysis of varenicline, an alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist vs bupropion, and placebo for smoking ... A pooled analysis of varenicline, an alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist vs bupropion, and placebo for smoking ... Noncompetitive functional inhibition at diverse, human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes by bupropion, phencyclidine, ... Noncompetitive functional inhibition at diverse, human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes by bupropion, phencyclidine, ...

https://jnccn.org/view/journals/jnccn/4/6/article-p583.xml?rskey=KW1c1S&result=2

Quinuclidine compounds differently act as agonists of Kenyon cell nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and induced distinct effect ...

https://epi.ufl.edu/profile/swale-daniel/

Nicotinic Agonists Entry term(s). Agonist, Nicotinic Agonist, Nicotinic Cholinergic Agonists, Nicotinic Agonists, Nicotinic ... Cholinergic Agonist, Nicotinic Cholinergic Agonists, Nicotinic Nicotinic Agonist Nicotinic Cholinergic Agonist Nicotinic ... Agonist, Nicotinic. Agonist, Nicotinic Cholinergic. Agonists, Nicotinic. Agonists, Nicotinic Cholinergic. Cholinergic Agonist, ... Nicotinic. Cholinergic Agonists, Nicotinic. Nicotinic Agonist. Nicotinic Cholinergic Agonist. Nicotinic Cholinergic Agonists. ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=32112&filter=ths_termall&q=agonistas

Varenicline is a partial agonist of one of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain and nervous system,1 and ...

https://forces-nl.org/chantix-begin-er-niet-aan/

... a partial nicotinic receptor agonist) and clonidine (an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist), were described in brief. ... a nicotinic receptor partial agonist). The antidepressant drug bupropion was not registered at the Jordan Food and Drug ...

https://www.emro.who.int/fr/emhj-volume-21-2015/volume-21-issue-11/jordan-tobacco-dependence-treatment-guidelines-rationale-and-development.html

LIPPIELLO, P.M.; BENCHERIF, M.; GRAY, J.A.; PETERS, S.; GRIGORYAN, G.; HODGES, H.; COLLINS, A.C. RJR-2403: a nicotinic agonist ...

http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=5229688&pid=S1519-0307201600020000800038&lng=pt

Varenicline is a nicotine receptor partial agonist available only by prescription. It reduces nicotine withdrawal symptoms ( ... including craving) and reduces the rewarding effects of cigarettes by blocking nicotinic receptors. ... Varenicline is a nicotine receptor partial agonist available only by prescription. It reduces nicotine withdrawal symptoms ( ... including craving) and reduces the rewarding effects of cigarettes by blocking nicotinic receptors. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/patient-care/care-settings/clinical/index.html

Synthesis and receptor binding of N-substituted-2-styryl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines as potential nicotinic agonists. Beach, J ...

https://augusta.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/?showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&publicationYear=2012&publicationYear=2013&publicationYear=2014&publicationYear=2016&publicationYear=2017&publicationYear=2018&publicationYear=2020&format=&nofollow=true&ordering=type&descending=true&page=932

Structure And Function Of The Nicotinic Receptor: Insights From Mutagenesis, Structural Modeling And Single Channel Recording ... His work is focussed on understanding how agonist binding is transduced into opening of the ion channel intrinsic. In ... Their work has shown that many of these syndromes result from mutations in nicotinic receptors. Analysis of changes in Ach ... Structure And Function Of The Nicotinic Receptor: Insights From Mutagenesis, Structural Modeling And Single Channel Recording ...

https://videocast.nih.gov/Summary.asp?File=10892&download=1

Varenicline is a partial agonist for nicotinic receptors in the brain.. Offer a direct referral to the national tobacco quit ...

https://www.ayeshaenterprise.com.bd/2022/11/29/addressing-alcohol-use-in-pregnancy-ajn-the/

Epibatidine is a high affinity nicotinic agonist (Ki values are 0.02 and 233 nM for α4β2 and α7 nicotinic receptors ... Gerzarich Comparative pharmacology of epibatidine; a potent agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Mol. ... Badio and Daly Epibatidine, a potent analgesic and nicotinic agonist. Mol.Pharmacol. 1994 PMID: 8183234 ... Marks Differential agonist inhibition identifies multiple epibatidine binidng sites in mouse brain. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1998 ...

https://www.bio-techne.com/p/small-molecules-peptides/dl-epibatidine_0684

Varenicline belongs to a group of medicines called nicotinic receptor partial agonists. It works by blocking the effect of ... Varenicline belongs to a group of medicines called nicotinic receptor partial agonists. It works by blocking the effect of ...

https://www.alldaygeneric.com/product/champix-1-mg/

... a Phase II alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist. The company markets its products in the United States, ...

https://broadstreetalerts.com/pdufa-set-ctix-admp-vnda-ttnp/

Andrea Nistri: Modulation of neuronal nicotinic receptors after chronic exposure to agonists or antagonist * Manuel Criado: The ... Ric-3 protein: an effector of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression. * Toshihiko Yanagita: Up- and down-regulation of ...

https://isccb12.webs.ull.es/Schedule3.htm

Nicotinic agonists stimulate acetylcholine release from mouse interpeduncular nucleus: a function mediated by a different nAChR ... Locomotion induced by ventral tegmental microinjections of a nicotinic agonist. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1990;35:735-737. doi: ... Codistribution of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit a3 and b4 mRNAs during rat brain development. J Comp Neurol. 1997; ... Endogenous nicotinic cholinergic activity regulates dopamine release in the striatum. Nat Neurosci. 2001;4:1224-1229. doi: ...

https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/7063/29875

It was a nicotinic acetylcholinergic nerve and a good agonist for this nerve is nicotine. I called my husband and asked him to ... Instead, we have to use an imitator, what we call an agonist. ...

https://secure.vagusnervesupport.com/pages/dr-driscoll-and-your-vagus-nerve

An Accessory Agonist Binding Site Promotes Activation of α4β2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. ... Synthesis of novel steroidal agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists for the glucocorticoid receptor. ... Synthetic RORγt Agonists Enhance Protective Immunity. ACS chemical biology. 11(4):1012-8 [DOI] 10.1021/acschembio.5b00899. [ ... Partial agonists activate PPARgamma using a helix 12 independent mechanism. Structure (London, England : 1993). 15(10):1258-71 ...

https://scripps.ufl.edu/profile/kamenecka-theodore/

Succinylcholine is an agonist of the nicotinic ACh receptor, but it is not degraded by AChE. Therefore, it causes prolonged ... EPP amplitude is not constant but is dependent on the amount of ACh in the cleft and number of functional nicotinic receptors ... ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic receptors on the end plate region of the skeletal muscle cell. An ... The skeletal muscle end plate region has a high density of nicotinic ACh receptors. This ACh receptor is an integral membrane ...

https://www.earthslab.com/physiology/structure-skeletal-muscle/

Previous data show that nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area are of importance for the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. (nih.gov)
Here we have investigated the specific role of alpha7 nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area for the neurobiological and behavioral consequences of nicotine withdrawal. (nih.gov)
Our results indicate that alpha7 nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area are involved in the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. (nih.gov)
Neurons have the potential to form thousands of distinct neuronal nicotinic receptors from the eight α and three β subunits that currently are known. (jneurosci.org)
A partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors, it is used as an aid to giving up smoking. (guidechem.com)
The product is orally active, subtype-selective partial agonist at α 4 β 2 nicotinic receptors (K i values are 0.06, 240, 322 and 3540 nM for α 4 β 2, α 3 β 4, α 7, α 1 β γ δ receptors respectively). (guidechem.com)
The VN, through release of acetylcholine, dampens immune cell activation by interacting with α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (bmj.com)
Varenicline is a partial agonist of one of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain and nervous system, 1 and currently the only marketed and approved drug with this mechanism of action. (forces-nl.org)
Drugs that bind to and activate nicotinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC). (bvsalud.org)
Nicotinic agonists act at postganglionic nicotinic receptors, at neuroeffector junctions in the peripheral nervous system, and at nicotinic receptors in the central nervous system. (bvsalud.org)
Agents that function as neuromuscular depolarizing blocking agents are included here because they activate nicotinic receptors, although they are used clinically to block nicotinic transmission. (bvsalud.org)
It reduces nicotine withdrawal symptoms (including craving) and reduces the rewarding effects of cigarettes by blocking nicotinic receptors. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Sine studies nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction and in the brain. (nih.gov)
Their work has shown that many of these syndromes result from mutations in nicotinic receptors. (nih.gov)
Epibatidine is a high affinity nicotinic agonist (K i values are 0.02 and 233 nM for α 4 β 2 and α 7 nicotinic receptors respectively). (bio-techne.com)
a potent agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (bio-techne.com)

acetylcholine receptor partial agonist. (guidechem.com)
Two additional medications are varenicline (a nicotinic receptor partial agonist) and bupropion (an antidepressant). (renalandurologynews.com)
Varenicline is a nicotine receptor partial agonist available only by prescription. (cdc.gov)
and AQW051, a Phase II alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist. (broadstreetalerts.com)
Varenicline , an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial. (medscape.com)
Nides M, Oncken C, Gonzales D, Rennard S, Watsky EJ, Anziano R. Smoking cessation with varenicline, a selective alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist: results from a 7-week, randomized, placebo- and bupropion-controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. (medscape.com)

Varenicline belongs to a group of medicines called nicotinic receptor partial agonists. (alldaygeneric.com)

To compare effect sizes between rodent and human studies, we searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library for all randomized, placebo-controlled trials of compounds with pharmacological activity at the α7 nAChR for treatment of cognitive dysfunction in SCZ and AD and identified 18 studies comprising 2670 subjects treated with eight different compounds acting as full or partial agonists. (vumc.org)

Verapamil enhanced the using specific agonists/antagonists. (who.int)

Animal models of cognitive dysfunction relevant to both disorders suggest the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) may be a promising drug development target, with multiple clinical trials subsequently testing this hypothesis in individuals with SCZ and AD. (vumc.org)
Cognitive outcomes were standardized, and random-effects meta-analyses revealed no statistically significant effects of α7 nAChR agonists on overall cognition or any of eight cognitive subdomains when all doses were included (Range of all cognitive outcomes: Cohen's d=-0.077 to 0.12, negative favoring drug). (vumc.org)
Our results suggest that targeting the α7 nAChR with agonists is not a robust treatment for cognitive dysfunction in SCZ or AD and necessitate a better understanding of the translational gap for therapeutics targeting the α7 nAChR. (vumc.org)
GAT107, a type 2 allosteric agonist-positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM) to the α7 nAChR was designed to activate the α7 nAChR while reducing desensitization. (bvsalud.org)
We used single-cell RT-PCR to examine nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit mRNA expression by individual neurons. (jneurosci.org)

Dose-dependent effects of GAT107, a novel allosteric agonist-positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM) for the α7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor: a BOLD phMRI and connectivity study on awake rats. (bvsalud.org)

Bilateral intrategmental injections of the selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor antagonist methyllycaconitine reduced locomotion in the nicotine-treated rats, but not in control animals. (nih.gov)
Analysis of the whole-cell pharmacology of these neurons showed a diversity of responses to the agonists acetylcholine, nicotine, cytisine, and 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium, suggesting that a heterogeneous population of nicotinic receptor classes, or subtypes, is expressed by individual neurons. (jneurosci.org)

Verapamil augmenting or blocking antidepressant activity as an inhibitor of the CYP 450 3A4 (7) may affect with agonist/antagonist receptor ligands, it is the imipramine (8) and alprazolam action, that are possible to detect which receptor is involved in the considered as substrates for CYP 450 3A4 (7) antidepressant effect [16]. (who.int)

We now show that the whole-cell nicotinic agonist pharmacology of intracardiac parasympathetic neurons varies dramatically among individual neurons, and we provide evidence of single-channel behavior suggesting a heterogeneous population of nAChRs on these neurons. (jneurosci.org)

In an effort to determine how much of this potential complexity is realized among individual neurons, we examined the nicotinic pharmacological and biophysical properties and receptor subunit mRNA expression patterns in individual neurons cultured from rat epicardial ganglia. (jneurosci.org)

Alpha-7 nicotinic agonists for cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders: A translational meta-analysis of rodent and human studies. (vumc.org)

Synthesis and structure activity relationship of the first class of LXR inverse agonists. (ufl.edu)

Immobility indicates a state of despair in which the complex [1], and it is a full agonist for the GABAA mouse has learned that escape is impossible. (who.int)

In contrast, analysis of 29 rodent studies testing the same α7 agonists revealed large effect sizes in multiple commonly used preclinical behavioral tests of cognition (Range: d=-1.18 to - 0.73). (vumc.org)

Varenicline is a partial agonist selective for alpha4, beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (medscape.com)
Varenicline, a partial agonist at the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, has the potential to aid smoking cessation by relieving nicotine withdrawal symptoms and reducing the rewarding properties of nicotine. (nih.gov)
Primary literature and review articles were obtained via a PUBMED search (1988-August 2006) using the key terms smoking cessation, partial agonist alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, varenicline, cytisine and SSR591813. (nih.gov)
Studies and review articles related to varenicline, cytisine and the partial agonist alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor were reviewed. (nih.gov)
Recently, varenicline, a partial agonist at alpha4beta2 nAChR, has been approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for smoking cessation. (nih.gov)
Varenicline (VRN), a nicotinic partial agonist approved for smoking cessation, potentially attenuates the motivation for the rewarding effects of alcohol. (nih.gov)

To review the pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety of partial agonists of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. (nih.gov)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonists bind to nicotine receptors and elicit mild nicotine central effects to ease withdrawal symptoms. (medscape.com)

Its action is thought to result from activity at a nicotinic receptor subtype, where its binding produces agonist activity while simultaneously preventing nicotine binding. (medscape.com)

Alkaloids, such as epibatidine found in skin from the frog species E. tricolor , have been shown to activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (nih.gov)

We examined the efficacy of extended-release exenatide, a GLP-1R agonist, combined with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT, patch) for smoking cessation, craving, and withdrawal symptoms, with post-cessation body weight as a secondary outcome. (nih.gov)

Phantasmidine is selective for beta4-containing receptor subtypes, unlike many nicotinic receptor agonists currently in development, which target beta2-containing receptor subtypes. (nih.gov)
Development of selective pharmacological probes for bioimaging, binding assays, and functional assays of nicotinic receptors. (nih.gov)

10. Allosteric modulators of the α4β2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (nih.gov)

Drugs that bind to and activate nicotinic cholinergic receptors ( RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC ). (nih.gov)

1. Positive and negative modulation of nicotinic receptors. (nih.gov)
2. Allosteric modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (nih.gov)

Agents that function as neuromuscular depolarizing blocking agents are included here because they activate nicotinic receptors, although they are used clinically to block nicotinic transmission. (nih.gov)

20. Photo-induced covalent attachment of agonists as a tool to study allosteric mechanisms of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (nih.gov)
In a study carried out to investigate the nicotinic and muscarinic activity of BTMAC and its alpha-, beta-, and delta- substituted pyridylmethyl-trimethylammonium analogs, a similarity in the muscarinic activity, but not the nicotinic activity, of these compounds was observed. (nih.gov)

13. Two distinct allosteric binding sites at α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors revealed by NS206 and NS9283 give unique insights to binding activity-associated linkage at Cys-loop receptors. (nih.gov)
This chemical was found to be capable of inducing nicotinic and muscarinic activity in the cat superior ganglion and frog rectus abdominus. (nih.gov)

dos Santos RB, Katz J. Nicotinic stomatitis: positive correlation with heat in maté tea drinks and smoking. (medscape.com)
9. Novel positive allosteric modulators of the human α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. (nih.gov)

Nicotinic agonists act at postganglionic nicotinic receptors, at neuroeffector junctions in the peripheral nervous system, and at nicotinic receptors in the central nervous system. (nih.gov)
Los agonistas nicotínicos actúan en los receptores nicotínicos posganglionares, en las uniones neuroefectoras del sistema nervioso periférico y en receptores nicotínicos del sistema nervioso central. (bvsalud.org)

6. Structurally similar allosteric modulators of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors exhibit five distinct pharmacological effects. (nih.gov)

Anatomy6

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes2

Disciplines and Occupations1

(S)-(-)-Cotinine, the major brain metabolite of nicotine, stimulates nicotinic receptors to evoke [3H]dopamine release from rat striatal slices in a calcium-dependent manner. (1/1634)

N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels mediate the nicotinic enhancement of GABA release in chick brain. (2/1634)

Light-induced calcium influx into retinal axons is regulated by presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity in vivo. (3/1634)

Prenatal nicotine increases pulmonary alpha7 nicotinic receptor expression and alters fetal lung development in monkeys. (4/1634)

Local alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic receptors modulate hippocampal norepinephrine release by systemic nicotine. (5/1634)

Choline and selective antagonists identify two subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that modulate GABA release from CA1 interneurons in rat hippocampal slices. (6/1634)

Resistance to levamisole resolved at the single-channel level. (7/1634)

Somatic and prejunctional nicotinic receptors in cultured rat sympathetic neurones show different agonist profiles. (8/1634)

No images available that match "nicotinic agonists"

Nicotinic Agonists

Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide

Benzylidene Compounds

Receptors, Nicotinic

Azocines

Nicotinic Antagonists

Quinolizines

Nicotine

Mecamylamine

Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic

alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine

Aconitine

Tectum Mesencephali

Pyridines

Ganglionic Stimulants

Parasympathomimetics

Bungarotoxins

Acetylcholine

Chlorisondamine

Alkaloids

Cholinergic Agents

Muscarinic Agonists

Cholinergic Agonists

Carbachol

Azetidines

Muscarine

Hexamethonium

Muscarinic Antagonists

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Ganglia, Sympathetic

Dopamine Agonists

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Synaptosomes

Receptors, Muscarinic

Patch-Clamp Techniques

Neurons

Electrophysiology

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

GABA Agonists

Calcium

Membrane Potentials

Rats, Wistar

Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists

Brain

Cells, Cultured

Adrenergic Agonists

Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists

Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists

Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists

Histamine Agonists

Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists

Adrenergic beta-Agonists

GABA-A Receptor Agonists

Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists

Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists

Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists

Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists

Receptors, Opioid, mu

Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonists

Receptors, Opioid, kappa

Radioligand Assay

GABA-B Receptor Agonists

Receptors, Opioid, delta

Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Agonists

Ligands

Receptors, Dopamine D2

Cyclic AMP

Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-

Isoproterenol

Purinergic Agonists

Adenosine

Receptors, Opioid

Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists

Piperidines

Serotonin Antagonists

(S)-(-)-Cotinine, the major brain metabolite of nicotine, stimulates nicotinic receptors to evoke [3H]dopamine release from rat striatal slices in a calcium-dependent manner. (1/1634)

N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels mediate the nicotinic enhancement of GABA release in chick brain. (2/1634)