A surgical specialty concerned with the treatment of diseases and disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral and sympathetic nervous system.
Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.
Any operation on the cranium or incision into the cranium. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Intraoperative computer-assisted 3D navigation and guidance system generally used in neurosurgery for tracking surgical tools and localize them with respect to the patient's 3D anatomy. The pre-operative diagnostic scan is used as a reference and is transferred onto the operative field during surgery.
Techniques used mostly during brain surgery which use a system of three-dimensional coordinates to locate the site to be operated on.
PROCEDURES that use NEUROENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Neuroendoscopy, generally an integration of the neuroendoscope with a computer-assisted NEURONAVIGATION system, provides guidance in NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES.
Treatment of chronic, severe and intractable psychiatric disorders by surgical removal or interruption of certain areas or pathways in the brain, especially in the prefrontal lobes.
Surgical procedures conducted with the aid of computers. This is most frequently used in orthopedic and laparoscopic surgery for implant placement and instrument guidance. Image-guided surgery interactively combines prior CT scans or MRI images with real-time video.
Blocking of a blood vessel by air bubbles that enter the circulatory system, usually after TRAUMA; surgical procedures, or changes in atmospheric pressure.
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.
Literary and oral genre expressing meaning via symbolism and following formal or informal patterns.
The performance of surgical procedures with the aid of a microscope.
Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.
The use of peripheral nerve stimulation to assess transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION, especially in the response to anesthetics, such as the intensity of NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE by NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS.
Therapy for MOVEMENT DISORDERS, especially PARKINSON DISEASE, that applies electricity via stereotactic implantation of ELECTRODES in specific areas of the BRAIN such as the THALAMUS. The electrodes are attached to a neurostimulator placed subcutaneously.
A biocompatible, hydrophilic, inert gel that is permeable to tissue fluids. It is used as an embedding medium for microscopy, as a coating for implants and prostheses, for contact lenses, as microspheres in adsorption research, etc.
Nonexpendable apparatus used during surgical procedures. They are differentiated from SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, usually hand-held and used in the immediate operative field.
The constant checking on the state or condition of a patient during the course of a surgical operation (e.g., checking of vital signs).
A radiological stereotactic technique developed for cutting or destroying tissue by high doses of radiation in place of surgical incisions. It was originally developed for neurosurgery on structures in the brain and its use gradually spread to radiation surgery on extracranial structures as well. The usual rigid needles or probes of stereotactic surgery are replaced with beams of ionizing radiation directed toward a target so as to achieve local tissue destruction.
Collections of related records treated as a unit; ordering of such files.
A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)
The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.
Various branches of surgical practice limited to specialized areas.
Radiography of the central nervous system.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
Lens-shaped structure on the inner aspect of the INTERNAL CAPSULE. The SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS and pathways traversing this region are concerned with the integration of somatic motor function.
Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.
Presence of air or gas within the intracranial cavity (e.g., epidural space, subdural space, intracerebral, etc.) which may result from traumatic injuries, fistulous tract formation, erosions of the skull from NEOPLASMS or infection, NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES, and other conditions.
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)
Bleeding within the SKULL that is caused by systemic HYPERTENSION, usually in association with INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. Hypertensive hemorrhages are most frequent in the BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; PONS; and THALAMUS; but may also involve the CEREBRAL CORTEX, subcortical white matter, and other brain structures.
A benign pituitary-region neoplasm that originates from Rathke's pouch. The two major histologic and clinical subtypes are adamantinous (or classical) craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma. The adamantinous form presents in children and adolescents as an expanding cystic lesion in the pituitary region. The cystic cavity is filled with a black viscous substance and histologically the tumor is composed of adamantinomatous epithelium and areas of calcification and necrosis. Papillary craniopharyngiomas occur in adults, and histologically feature a squamous epithelium with papillations. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch14, p50)
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.
A medical specialty concerned with the study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the nervous system.
Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.
Neoplasms of the base of the skull specifically, differentiated from neoplasms of unspecified sites or bones of the skull (SKULL NEOPLASMS).
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.
Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.
The outermost of the three MENINGES, a fibrous membrane of connective tissue that covers the brain and the spinal cord.
Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.
Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be associated with dilation of cerebral ventricles, INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; HEADACHE; lethargy; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and ATAXIA.
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.
The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (>2.5 cm in diameter) may compress adjacent structures, including the OCULOMOTOR NERVE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p841)
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).
The period during a surgical operation.
The representation of the phylogenetically oldest part of the corpus striatum called the paleostriatum. It forms the smaller, more medial part of the lentiform nucleus.
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.
Care given during the period prior to undergoing surgery when psychological and physical preparations are made according to the special needs of the individual patient. This period spans the time between admission to the hospital to the time the surgery begins. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Interventions to provide care prior to, during, and immediately after surgery.
Combination or superimposition of two images for demonstrating differences between them (e.g., radiograph with contrast vs. one without, radionuclide images using different radionuclides, radiograph vs. radionuclide image) and in the preparation of audiovisual materials (e.g., offsetting identical images, coloring of vessels in angiograms).
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)

Neurosciences - A neurosurgeon's perspective. (1/259)

The advancements in the field of science in the past fifty years have highlighted the need to integrate all fields of human endeavours and have emphasised interdependency of various disciplines. The separation of humanities, therefore, from neurosciences is a preposterous practical joke on all thinking men. With the human genome project on the anvil, biotechnology is making significant headway holding out promise for organ regeneration. Macro evolution is over, but micro-evolution continues in the brain. Neural Darwinism thus, continues to evolve as long as individual remains conscious and has memory. In the milieu of widely varying internal physiological mechanisms and external stimuli, an alternative theory to preprogrammed directionalism is proposed by three mechanisms namely developmental variation and selection, experiential selections and reentrant signalling. Reentrant signalling reorients and correlates the external inputs leading to psychic development preceding the development of consciousness. The cholinergic and aminergic neuro-modelling systems are well suited to serve as value systems. The main achievement of consciousness is to bring together the many categorizations involved in perceptions into a SCENE. Another part of evolution involved capacity of reentrant signalling to be guided by a value system where it is provided with a lot of choices. With 10(13) neurons and 10(16) connections, freedom of choice may manifest into a 'Buddha' or a 'Hitler'. As part of the evolutionary process, it was interesting how capacity to categorize the need to worship by referring to environment outside evolved into a search within our minds. As the next stage of evolution, neuroscience may, thus, serve as the next gateway to understanding the mind and soul.  (+info)

Extreme lateral transcondylar approach to the skull base. (2/259)

In this study, the authors present their experience of using extreme later transcondylar approach (ELTC) for treating 7 patients with lesions in the anterolateral foramen magnum, upper cervical spine and cerebellopontine angle reaching upto jugular foramen. The tumours included meningiomas, neurofibromas (2 cases each), chondrosarcoma, epidermoid and aneurysmal bone cyst (one case each). The approach was used alone, in combination with retrolabyrinthine presigmoid approach in a patient with lower cranial nerve neurofibroma extending extracranially through the jugular foramen, or in combination with partial C1-C3 laminectomy in two patients with meningiomas situated anterolateral to the cord from the foramen magnum to C3. In two patients with extradural vertebral artery (VA) entrapment by a chondrosarcoma and aneurysmal bone cyst respectively, the vertebral artery was ligated distal to the tumour. The tumours were totally excised in five cases and partially in two. There was no preoperative mortality. The major complications included cerebrospinal fluid leak from the wound (3 cases) and increase in lower cranial nerve paresis (2 cases). At follow up, ranging from 6 months to 2 years, 5 patients showed no tumour recurrence. There was improvement in neurological status. One patient, with a partially excised aneurysmal bone cyst, showed no added deficits or increase in the tumour size. However, there was a massive regrowth in the patient with chondrosarcoma after 6 months. This technique provided a wide surgical exposure with direct visualization of the tumour-anterior cord interface, early proximal control of the VA and preservation of lower cranial nerves.  (+info)

Teleradiology in the operating room of the future. (3/259)

Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are rapidly making this modality the imaging method of choice for image-guided neurosurgical operations. However, to be ready for its prime time in the operating room (OR), utilization of MRI in the OR requires development of better techniques for image-guided navigation, as well as interactive real-time teleradiologic methods that will allow tele-collaboration between the surgeon and the radiologist. This presentation describes our work in progress toward achievement of teleradiology in the OR.  (+info)

Retrolabyrinthine presigmoid transpetrosal approach for selective subtemporal amygdalohippocampectomy. (4/259)

The retrolabyrinthine presigmoid transpetrosal approach is a modification of the subtemporal approach which is suitable for complete amygdalectomy. By drilling away the retrolabyrinthine presigmoid petrosal bone, at least 1 cm more space below and 1 cm more space medially is obtained than in the subtemporal approach, and temporal retraction pressure is diminished when approaching from below. Operative results according to the Engel's classification of seizure control, and pre- and postoperative Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), revised WAIS, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children scores were measured in 16 patients treated by normal or modified subtemporal amygdalohippocampectomy. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 8 to 79 months. There has been no morbidity or mortality among these 16 patients, and postoperative seizure frequency has been diminished to less than 10% of the preoperative level in 15 of the 16. In eight patients, seizures have been eliminated totally. Subtemporal amygdalohippocampectomy achieved significantly increased performance and full scale intelligence quotient within 2 months after surgery, compared to preoperative levels. Subtemporal amygdalohippocampectomy is an alternative to the transsylvian approach, but is less invasive.  (+info)

The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial : surgical results in 1415 patients. (5/259)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study reports the surgical results in those patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy in the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET). METHODS: The rates of perioperative stroke and death at 30 days and the final assessment of stroke severity at 90 days were calculated. Regression modeling was used to identify variables that increased or decreased perioperative risk. Nonoutcome surgical complications were summarized. The durability of carotid endarterectomy was examined. RESULTS: In 1415 patients there were 92 perioperative outcome events, for an overall rate of 6.5%. At 30 days the results were as follows: death, 1.1%; disabling stroke, 1.8%; and nondisabling stroke, 3.7%. At 90 days, because of improvement in the neurological status of patients judged to have been disabled at 30 days, the results were as follows: death, 1.1%; disabling stroke, 0.9%; and nondisabling stroke, 4.5%. Thirty events occurred intraoperatively; 62 were delayed. Most strokes resulted from thromboembolism. Five baseline variables were predictive of increased surgical risk: hemispheric versus retinal transient ischemic attack as the qualifying event, left-sided procedure, contralateral carotid occlusion, ipsilateral ischemic lesion on CT scan, and irregular or ulcerated ipsilateral plaque. History of coronary artery disease with prior cardiac procedure was associated with reduced risk. The risk of perioperative wound complications was 9.3%, and that of cranial nerve injuries was 8.6%; most were of mild severity. At 8 years, the risk of disabling ipsilateral stroke was 5.7%, and that of any ipsilateral stroke was 17.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The overall rate of perioperative stroke and death was 6.5%, but the rate of permanently disabling stroke and death was only 2.0%. Other surgical complications were rarely clinically important. Carotid endarterectomy is a durable procedure.  (+info)

Outcome of surgery for acromegaly--the experience of a dedicated pituitary surgeon. (6/259)

Previous large series of outcome following pituitary surgery for acromegaly, including our own, have demonstrated poor results, with cure, defined as GH <5 mU/l, achieved in only 33-42% of patients. In our previous series, surgery was performed by one of eight different surgeons. Largely based on the disappointing results of this previous audit of outcome, our practice since 1990 has been, whenever possible, to refer all patients with acromegaly to a dedicated pituitary surgeon (APJ). The objective of the current study was to re-analyse the outcome of surgical treatment for acromegaly since instituting this change. Tumour size and extension was determined on CT/MRI scanning. Biochemical cure was defined as a basal GH <5 mU/l or a nadir GH of <2 mU/l across an OGTT following initial pituitary surgery. Surgery was performed on 66 patients and 42 (64%) were cured, compared with 26/78 (33%) in our previous study (p<0.0005, chi (2) test). The cure rate for microadenomas (n=22) was 86%, and for macroadenomas 52%, compared with 54% (p<0.05, chi (2) test) and 30% (p<0.05, chi (2) test) respectively, in our previous study. We conclude that surgical outcome for acromegaly is enhanced if patients are operated on by a single experienced surgeon.  (+info)

Telemedicine in neurosurgery using international digital telephone services between Japan and Malaysia--technical note. (7/259)

A new image transmission and teleconference system using international digital telephone services was established between Japan and Malaysia. This new system consists of an ordinary personal computer, image scanner, and terminal adapter for digital telephone lines. The quality of images transferred using this system was high enough for diagnosis and discussion except for images such as radiographs requiring huge data transfer. Transmission of one image took approximately 20 seconds. The cost performance was almost equal to the conventional mailing system. The most remarkable advantage of this new system is the high quality of transferred images, the cost and time performance, and security of the medical information. New communication systems using international digital networks including the internet may allow re-distribution of medical resources between advanced countries and developing countries in neurosurgery.  (+info)

Snapshot view of emergency neurosurgical head injury care in Great Britain and Ireland. (8/259)

OBJECTIVES: To study the availability of neurosurgical intensive care for the traumatically brain injured in all 36 neurosurgical centres in the United Kingdom and Ireland receiving head injuries, the response times to referral, and the advice given to the referring hospitals. METHODS: Telephone survey of receiving neurosurgeons regarding their bed status and their advice on three hypothetical case scenarios. Outcome measures included response times for an acute head injury to be accepted to a neurosurgical centre; the intensive care bed status; variations in advice given to the referring hospitals with regard to ventilation, use of mannitol, steroids, anticonvulsants, and antibiotics. RESULTS: There were 43 neurosurgical intensive care beds available for an overall estimated population of 63.6 million. There were 1.8 beds available/million of the population for non-ventilated patients, 0.64 beds available/million for ventilated patients, and 0.55 beds available/million for ventilated paediatric patients. London had a shortage of beds with 0.19 adult beds for ventilation/million north of the Thames and 0.14 adult beds for ventilation/million south of the Thames. The median response time for a patient with an extradural haematoma to be accepted for transfer was 6 minutes and 89% of such a referral was accepted within 30 minutes. Clinically significant delays in receiving referrals (over 30 minutes) occurred in four units. Practices regarding the use of hyperventilation, mannitol, anticonvulsants, and antibiotics showed little conformity and in some cases were against the available evidence and advice given by published guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: There is a severe shortage of available emergency neurosurgical beds especially in the south east of England. The lack of immediately available neurosurgical intensive care beds results in delays of transfer that could adversely affect the outcome of surgery for traumatic intracranial haematoma. Advice given to the referring units by the receiving doctors is very variable.  (+info)

Neurosurgery, also known as neurological surgery, is a medical specialty that involves the diagnosis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders of the nervous system. This includes the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgeons use both traditional open and minimally invasive techniques to treat various conditions such as tumors, trauma, vascular disorders, infections, stroke, epilepsy, pain, and congenital anomalies. They work closely with other healthcare professionals including neurologists, radiologists, oncologists, and critical care specialists to provide comprehensive patient care.

Neurosurgical procedures are operations that are performed on the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. These procedures are typically carried out by neurosurgeons, who are medical doctors with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. Neurosurgical procedures can be used to treat a wide range of conditions, including traumatic injuries, tumors, aneurysms, vascular malformations, infections, degenerative diseases, and congenital abnormalities.

Some common types of neurosurgical procedures include:

* Craniotomy: A procedure in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to gain access to the brain. This type of procedure may be performed to remove a tumor, repair a blood vessel, or relieve pressure on the brain.
* Spinal fusion: A procedure in which two or more vertebrae in the spine are fused together using bone grafts and metal hardware. This is often done to stabilize the spine and alleviate pain caused by degenerative conditions or spinal deformities.
* Microvascular decompression: A procedure in which a blood vessel that is causing pressure on a nerve is repositioned or removed. This type of procedure is often used to treat trigeminal neuralgia, a condition that causes severe facial pain.
* Deep brain stimulation: A procedure in which electrodes are implanted in specific areas of the brain and connected to a battery-operated device called a neurostimulator. The neurostimulator sends electrical impulses to the brain to help alleviate symptoms of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease or dystonia.
* Stereotactic radiosurgery: A non-invasive procedure that uses focused beams of radiation to treat tumors, vascular malformations, and other abnormalities in the brain or spine. This type of procedure is often used for patients who are not good candidates for traditional surgery due to age, health status, or location of the lesion.

Neurosurgical procedures can be complex and require a high degree of skill and expertise. Patients considering neurosurgical treatment should consult with a qualified neurosurgeon to discuss their options and determine the best course of action for their individual situation.

A craniotomy is a surgical procedure where a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain. This procedure is typically performed to treat various neurological conditions, such as brain tumors, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, or traumatic brain injuries. After the underlying brain condition is addressed, the bone flap is usually replaced and secured back in place with plates and screws. The purpose of a craniotomy is to provide access to the brain for diagnostic or therapeutic interventions while minimizing potential damage to surrounding tissues.

Neuronavigation is a surgical technique that uses imaging technology, such as MRI or CT scans, to create a 3D map of the patient's brain in real-time during surgery. This allows surgeons to accurately locate and navigate to specific areas of the brain with greater precision and less invasiveness, improving surgical outcomes and reducing the risk of complications.

The neuronavigation system typically consists of a computer workstation, tracking systems, and instruments that are equipped with sensors. The system is able to track the position and orientation of these instruments relative to the patient's brain, allowing the surgeon to visualize the location of the instruments on the 3D map in real-time.

Neuronavigation has become an essential tool in many neurosurgical procedures, including tumor resection, functional neurosurgery, and deep brain stimulation. It enables surgeons to perform more complex surgeries with increased safety and efficacy, ultimately improving the quality of care for patients undergoing these procedures.

Stereotaxic techniques are minimally invasive surgical procedures used in neuroscience and neurology that allow for precise targeting and manipulation of structures within the brain. These methods use a stereotactic frame, which is attached to the skull and provides a three-dimensional coordinate system to guide the placement of instruments such as electrodes, cannulas, or radiation sources. The main goal is to reach specific brain areas with high precision and accuracy, minimizing damage to surrounding tissues. Stereotaxic techniques are widely used in research, diagnosis, and treatment of various neurological disorders, including movement disorders, pain management, epilepsy, and psychiatric conditions.

Neuroendoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that involves the use of an endoscope to access and treat various conditions within the brain and spinal column. An endoscope is a long, flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip, which allows surgeons to view and operate on internal structures through small incisions or natural openings in the body.

In neuroendoscopy, the surgeon uses the endoscope to navigate through the brain's ventricular system (fluid-filled spaces) or other narrow spaces within the skull or spine to diagnose and treat conditions such as hydrocephalus, brain tumors, arachnoid cysts, and intraventricular hemorrhage.

The benefits of neuroendoscopy include reduced trauma to surrounding tissues, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and improved outcomes compared to traditional open surgical approaches. However, neuroendoscopic procedures require specialized training and expertise due to the complexity of the anatomy involved.

Psychosurgery is a surgical intervention aimed at modifying or altering brain functions to treat severe and disabling mental disorders. It involves the deliberate destruction or disconnection of specific areas of the brain, typically through procedures such as lobotomy or stereotactic neurosurgery. These interventions are usually considered a last resort when other treatments have failed, and they are reserved for individuals with extreme cases of mental illness, such as intractable depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or severe anxiety disorders.

It's important to note that psychosurgery is a highly controversial and stigmatized field, and its use has declined significantly since the mid-20th century due to concerns about its effectiveness, ethics, and potential for harm. Today, psychosurgery is tightly regulated and subject to strict ethical guidelines in most countries.

Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) refers to the use of computer systems and technologies to assist and enhance surgical procedures. These systems can include a variety of tools such as imaging software, robotic systems, and navigation devices that help surgeons plan, guide, and perform surgeries with greater precision and accuracy.

In CAS, preoperative images such as CT scans or MRI images are used to create a three-dimensional model of the surgical site. This model can be used to plan the surgery, identify potential challenges, and determine the optimal approach. During the surgery, the surgeon can use the computer system to navigate and guide instruments with real-time feedback, allowing for more precise movements and reduced risk of complications.

Robotic systems can also be used in CAS to perform minimally invasive procedures with smaller incisions and faster recovery times. The surgeon controls the robotic arms from a console, allowing for greater range of motion and accuracy than traditional hand-held instruments.

Overall, computer-assisted surgery provides a number of benefits over traditional surgical techniques, including improved precision, reduced risk of complications, and faster recovery times for patients.

An air embolism is a medical condition that occurs when one or more air bubbles enter the bloodstream and block or obstruct blood vessels. This can lead to various symptoms depending on the severity and location of the obstruction, including shortness of breath, chest pain, confusion, stroke, or even death.

Air embolisms can occur in a variety of ways, such as during certain medical procedures (e.g., when air is accidentally introduced into a vein or artery), trauma to the lungs or blood vessels, scuba diving, or mountain climbing. Treatment typically involves administering oxygen and supportive care, as well as removing the source of the air bubbles if possible. In severe cases, hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be used to help reduce the size of the air bubbles and improve outcomes.

Brain diseases, also known as neurological disorders, refer to a wide range of conditions that affect the brain and nervous system. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as genetics, infections, injuries, degeneration, or structural abnormalities. They can affect different parts of the brain, leading to a variety of symptoms and complications.

Some examples of brain diseases include:

1. Alzheimer's disease - a progressive degenerative disorder that affects memory and cognitive function.
2. Parkinson's disease - a movement disorder characterized by tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with coordination and balance.
3. Multiple sclerosis - a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the nervous system and can cause a range of symptoms such as vision loss, muscle weakness, and cognitive impairment.
4. Epilepsy - a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
5. Brain tumors - abnormal growths in the brain that can be benign or malignant.
6. Stroke - a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, which can cause paralysis, speech difficulties, and other neurological symptoms.
7. Meningitis - an infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
8. Encephalitis - an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or autoimmune disorders.
9. Huntington's disease - a genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination, cognitive function, and mental health.
10. Migraine - a neurological condition characterized by severe headaches, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Brain diseases can range from mild to severe and may be treatable or incurable. They can affect people of all ages and backgrounds, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving outcomes and quality of life.

Brain neoplasms, also known as brain tumors, are abnormal growths of cells within the brain. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign brain tumors typically grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. However, they can still cause serious problems if they press on sensitive areas of the brain. Malignant brain tumors, on the other hand, are cancerous and can grow quickly, invading surrounding brain tissue and spreading to other parts of the brain or spinal cord.

Brain neoplasms can arise from various types of cells within the brain, including glial cells (which provide support and insulation for nerve cells), neurons (nerve cells that transmit signals in the brain), and meninges (the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord). They can also result from the spread of cancer cells from other parts of the body, known as metastatic brain tumors.

Symptoms of brain neoplasms may vary depending on their size, location, and growth rate. Common symptoms include headaches, seizures, weakness or paralysis in the limbs, difficulty with balance and coordination, changes in speech or vision, confusion, memory loss, and changes in behavior or personality.

Treatment for brain neoplasms depends on several factors, including the type, size, location, and grade of the tumor, as well as the patient's age and overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Poetry as Topic" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It seems to be a subject that falls under the humanities or arts, rather than being a medical concept. Poetry can sometimes be used in therapeutic settings as a form of expressive art therapy, but it is not a medical diagnosis or treatment. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!

Microsurgery is a surgical technique that requires the use of an operating microscope and fine instruments to perform precise surgical manipulations. It is commonly used in various fields such as ophthalmology, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, and plastic and reconstructive surgery. The magnification provided by the microscope allows surgeons to work on small structures like nerves, blood vessels, and tiny bones. Some of the most common procedures that fall under microsurgery include nerve repair, replantation of amputated parts, and various types of reconstructions such as free tissue transfer for cancer reconstruction or coverage of large wounds.

Intraoperative care refers to the medical care and interventions provided to a patient during a surgical procedure. This care is typically administered by a team of healthcare professionals, including anesthesiologists, surgeons, nurses, and other specialists as needed. The goal of intraoperative care is to maintain the patient's physiological stability throughout the surgery, minimize complications, and ensure the best possible outcome.

Intraoperative care may include:

1. Anesthesia management: Administering and monitoring anesthetic drugs to keep the patient unconscious and free from pain during the surgery.
2. Monitoring vital signs: Continuously tracking the patient's heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, body temperature, and other key physiological parameters to ensure they remain within normal ranges.
3. Fluid and blood product administration: Maintaining adequate intravascular volume and oxygen-carrying capacity through the infusion of fluids and blood products as needed.
4. Intraoperative imaging: Utilizing real-time imaging techniques, such as X-ray, ultrasound, or CT scans, to guide the surgical procedure and ensure accurate placement of implants or other devices.
5. Neuromonitoring: Using electrophysiological methods to monitor the functional integrity of nerves and neural structures during surgery, particularly in procedures involving the brain, spine, or peripheral nerves.
6. Intraoperative medication management: Administering various medications as needed for pain control, infection prophylaxis, or the treatment of medical conditions that may arise during the surgery.
7. Temperature management: Regulating the patient's body temperature to prevent hypothermia or hyperthermia, which can have adverse effects on surgical outcomes and overall patient health.
8. Communication and coordination: Ensuring effective communication among the members of the surgical team to optimize patient care and safety.

Neuromuscular monitoring is a medical procedure that involves the assessment and measurement of the functioning of the neuromuscular junction, which is the site where nerve impulses are transmitted to muscles. This type of monitoring is often used during surgeries that require the use of muscle relaxants, such as during certain types of orthopedic or neurological procedures.

During neuromuscular monitoring, electrodes are placed on the skin over a peripheral nerve and a muscle that is innervated by that nerve. The electrical stimulation of the nerve causes a contraction of the muscle, which is then measured and displayed on a monitor. This allows the anesthesiologist to assess the degree of neuromuscular blockade (the suppression of nerve impulses) caused by the muscle relaxant and adjust the dosage as needed to ensure that the patient receives an adequate amount of relaxation while avoiding overdose.

Neuromuscular monitoring is important for ensuring the safety and efficacy of muscle relaxants during surgery, as it helps prevent complications such as respiratory failure, prolonged paralysis, and nerve damage. It can also be used in the intensive care unit to monitor patients who are receiving mechanical ventilation and have been administered muscle relaxants.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure that involves the implantation of a medical device called a neurostimulator, which sends electrical impulses to specific targets in the brain. The impulses help to regulate abnormal brain activity, and can be used to treat a variety of neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

During the procedure, electrodes are implanted into the brain and connected to the neurostimulator, which is typically implanted in the chest. The neurostimulator can be programmed to deliver electrical impulses at varying frequencies, amplitudes, and pulse widths, depending on the specific needs of the patient.

DBS is generally considered a safe and effective treatment option for many patients with neurological conditions, although it does carry some risks, such as infection, bleeding, and hardware complications. It is typically reserved for patients who have not responded well to other forms of treatment, or who experience significant side effects from medication.

Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate (PHEMA) is not a medical term itself, but a chemical compound that is used in various medical and biomedical applications. Therefore, I will provide you with a chemical definition of PHEMA:

Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate (PHEMA) is a type of synthetic hydrogel, which is a cross-linked polymer network with the ability to absorb and retain significant amounts of water or biological fluids. It is made by polymerizing the methacrylate monomer, hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), in the presence of a crosslinking agent. The resulting PHEMA material has excellent biocompatibility, making it suitable for various medical applications such as contact lenses, drug delivery systems, artificial cartilage, and wound dressings.

Surgical equipment refers to the specialized tools and instruments used by medical professionals during surgical procedures. These devices are designed to assist in various aspects of surgery, such as cutting, grasping, retraction, clamping, and suturing. Surgical equipment can be categorized into several types based on their function and use:

1. Cutting instruments: These include scalpels, scissors, and surgical blades designed to cut through tissues with precision and minimal trauma.

2. Grasping forceps: Forceps are used to hold, manipulate, or retrieve tissue, organs, or other surgical tools. Examples include Babcock forceps, Kelly forceps, and Allis tissue forceps.

3. Retractors: These devices help to expose deeper structures by holding open body cavities or tissues during surgery. Common retractors include Weitlaner retractors, Army-Navy retractors, and self-retaining retractors like the Bookwalter system.

4. Clamps: Used for occluding blood vessels, controlling bleeding, or approximating tissue edges before suturing. Examples of clamps are hemostats, bulldog clips, and Satinsky clamps.

5. Suction devices: These tools help remove fluids, debris, and smoke from the surgical site, improving visibility for the surgeon. Examples include Yankauer suctions and Frazier tip suctions.

6. Needle holders: Specialized forceps designed to hold suture needles securely during the process of suturing or approximating tissue edges.

7. Surgical staplers: Devices that place linear staple lines in tissues, used for quick and efficient closure of surgical incisions or anastomoses (joining two structures together).

8. Cautery devices: Electrosurgical units that use heat generated by electrical current to cut tissue and coagulate bleeding vessels.

9. Implants and prosthetics: Devices used to replace or reinforce damaged body parts, such as artificial joints, heart valves, or orthopedic implants.

10. Monitoring and navigation equipment: Advanced tools that provide real-time feedback on patient physiology, surgical site anatomy, or instrument positioning during minimally invasive procedures.

These are just a few examples of the diverse range of instruments and devices used in modern surgery. The choice of tools depends on various factors, including the type of procedure, patient characteristics, and surgeon preference.

Intraoperative monitoring (IOM) is the practice of using specialized techniques to monitor physiological functions or neural structures in real-time during surgical procedures. The primary goal of IOM is to provide continuous information about the patient's status and the effects of surgery on neurological function, allowing surgeons to make informed decisions and minimize potential risks.

IOM can involve various methods such as:

1. Electrophysiological monitoring: This includes techniques like somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), motor evoked potentials (MEP), and electroencephalography (EEG) to assess the integrity of neural pathways and brain function during surgery.
2. Neuromonitoring: Direct electrical stimulation of nerves or spinal cord structures can help identify critical neuroanatomical structures, evaluate their functional status, and guide surgical interventions.
3. Hemodynamic monitoring: Measuring blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and oxygen saturation helps assess the patient's overall physiological status during surgery.
4. Imaging modalities: Intraoperative imaging techniques like ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide real-time visualization of anatomical structures and surgical progress.

The specific IOM methods employed depend on the type of surgery, patient characteristics, and potential risks involved. Intraoperative monitoring is particularly crucial in procedures where there is a risk of neurological injury, such as spinal cord or brain surgeries, vascular interventions, or tumor resections near critical neural structures.

Radiosurgery is a non-invasive surgical procedure that uses precisely focused beams of radiation to treat various medical conditions, primarily in the field of neurosurgery and oncology. It allows for the destruction of targeted tissue while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy structures. Unlike traditional surgery, radiosurgery does not require any incisions, as it delivers radiation through the skin to reach the intended target.

The term "stereotactic" is often associated with radiosurgery, which refers to the use of a three-dimensional coordinate system to precisely locate and target the affected area. This technique enables high doses of radiation to be delivered accurately and efficiently, maximizing therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing side effects.

Radiosurgery can be used to treat various conditions such as brain tumors (both malignant and benign), arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), trigeminal neuralgia, acoustic neuromas, pituitary adenomas, and spinal cord tumors. Common radiosurgery platforms include the Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, and linear accelerator-based systems like Novalis Tx or TrueBeam.

It is essential to note that although it is called "surgery," radiosurgery does not involve any physical incisions or removal of tissue. Instead, it relies on the destructive effects of high-dose radiation to ablate or damage targeted cells over time, leading to their eventual death and resolution of symptoms or tumor control.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "filing" is not a medical term that I am aware of. In the context of medicine and healthcare, it generally refers to the process of organizing and storing medical records or documents in a systematic way. However, if you are referring to a different context or meaning of "filing," could you please provide more information or clarify your question? I'll do my best to help you with accurate and helpful information.

A meningioma is a type of slow-growing tumor that forms on the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It's usually benign, meaning it doesn't spread to other parts of the body, but it can still cause serious problems if it grows and presses on nearby tissues.

Meningiomas most commonly occur in adults, and are more common in women than men. They can cause various symptoms depending on their location and size, including headaches, seizures, vision or hearing problems, memory loss, and changes in personality or behavior. In some cases, they may not cause any symptoms at all and are discovered only during imaging tests for other conditions.

Treatment options for meningiomas include monitoring with regular imaging scans, surgery to remove the tumor, and radiation therapy to shrink or kill the tumor cells. The best treatment approach depends on factors such as the size and location of the tumor, the patient's age and overall health, and their personal preferences.

The skull base is the lower part of the skull that forms the floor of the cranial cavity and the roof of the facial skeleton. It is a complex anatomical region composed of several bones, including the frontal, sphenoid, temporal, occipital, and ethmoid bones. The skull base supports the brain and contains openings for blood vessels and nerves that travel between the brain and the face or neck. The skull base can be divided into three regions: the anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, and posterior cranial fossa, which house different parts of the brain.

Surgical specialties are branches of medical practice in which surgeons perform surgical procedures to treat various diseases, injuries, or deformities. These specialties require advanced training, knowledge, and skills beyond general surgery. Here are some examples of surgical specialties:

1. Cardiothoracic Surgery: This specialty focuses on the surgical treatment of conditions related to the heart, lungs, and other structures in the chest.
2. Neurosurgery: Neurosurgeons specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
3. Orthopedic Surgery: Orthopedic surgeons treat conditions related to the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles.
4. Ophthalmology: Ophthalmologists specialize in medical and surgical treatment of eye disorders and diseases.
5. Otolaryngology (ENT): Otolaryngologists treat conditions related to the ear, nose, throat, head, and neck.
6. Plastic Surgery: Plastic surgeons perform cosmetic and reconstructive procedures to improve the appearance or function of various parts of the body.
7. Urology: Urologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions related to the urinary system and male reproductive organs.
8. Vascular Surgery: Vascular surgeons treat disorders of the circulatory system, including arteries and veins.
9. Pediatric Surgery: Pediatric surgeons specialize in the surgical care of children, from infants to adolescents.
10. Surgical Oncology: Surgical oncologists focus on the surgical removal of tumors and other cancerous growths.

Surgical specialists must complete a residency program in their chosen specialty after completing medical school. Some may also pursue fellowship training to gain further expertise in a subspecialty area.

Neuroradiography is a subspecialty of radiology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions related to the nervous system, including the brain, spine, and peripheral nerves, using various imaging techniques. These techniques may include X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scans, and angiography. Neuroradiographers use these tools to identify and diagnose a wide range of conditions, such as tumors, strokes, aneurysms, spinal cord injuries, and degenerative diseases. They work closely with other medical specialists, such as neurologists and neurosurgeons, to provide comprehensive care for patients with neurological disorders.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

Postoperative complications refer to any unfavorable condition or event that occurs during the recovery period after a surgical procedure. These complications can vary in severity and may include, but are not limited to:

1. Infection: This can occur at the site of the incision or inside the body, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) can lead to a drop in blood pressure and may require further surgical intervention.
3. Blood clots: These can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and can potentially travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
4. Wound dehiscence: This is when the surgical wound opens up, which can lead to infection and further complications.
5. Pulmonary issues: These include atelectasis (collapsed lung), pneumonia, or respiratory failure.
6. Cardiovascular problems: These include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart attack, or stroke.
7. Renal failure: This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, blood loss, or the use of certain medications.
8. Pain management issues: Inadequate pain control can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and decreased mobility.
9. Nausea and vomiting: These can be caused by anesthesia, opioid pain medication, or other factors.
10. Delirium: This is a state of confusion and disorientation that can occur in the elderly or those with certain medical conditions.

Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small, lens-shaped structure located in the basal ganglia of the brain. It plays a crucial role in motor control and has been identified as a key target for deep brain stimulation surgery in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders.

The STN is involved in the regulation of movement, balance, and posture, and helps to filter and coordinate signals that are sent from the cerebral cortex to the thalamus and then on to the motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. In Parkinson's disease, abnormal activity in the STN can contribute to symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and difficulty initiating movements.

Deep brain stimulation of the STN involves implanting electrodes into the nucleus and delivering electrical impulses that help to regulate its activity. This can lead to significant improvements in motor function and quality of life for some people with Parkinson's disease.

Craniocerebral trauma, also known as traumatic brain injury (TBI), is a type of injury that occurs to the head and brain. It can result from a variety of causes, including motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries, violence, or other types of trauma. Craniocerebral trauma can range in severity from mild concussions to severe injuries that cause permanent disability or death.

The injury typically occurs when there is a sudden impact to the head, causing the brain to move within the skull and collide with the inside of the skull. This can result in bruising, bleeding, swelling, or tearing of brain tissue, as well as damage to blood vessels and nerves. In severe cases, the skull may be fractured or penetrated, leading to direct injury to the brain.

Symptoms of craniocerebral trauma can vary widely depending on the severity and location of the injury. They may include headache, dizziness, confusion, memory loss, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, changes in vision or hearing, weakness or numbness in the limbs, balance problems, and behavioral or emotional changes. In severe cases, the person may lose consciousness or fall into a coma.

Treatment for craniocerebral trauma depends on the severity of the injury. Mild injuries may be treated with rest, pain medication, and close monitoring, while more severe injuries may require surgery, intensive care, and rehabilitation. Prevention is key to reducing the incidence of craniocerebral trauma, including measures such as wearing seat belts and helmets, preventing falls, and avoiding violent situations.

Pneumocephalus is a medical condition characterized by the presence of air or gas within the intracranial cavity, specifically within the cranial vault (the space enclosed by the skull and containing the brain). This can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, neurosurgical procedures, tumors, or infection. The accumulation of air in the cranium can lead to symptoms like headache, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, and neurological deficits. It is essential to diagnose and treat pneumocephalus promptly to prevent further complications, such as meningitis or brain abscess. Treatment options may include surgery, bed rest with head elevation, or administration of oxygen to facilitate the reabsorption of air.

A brain abscess is a localized collection of pus in the brain that is caused by an infection. It can develop as a result of a bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection that spreads to the brain from another part of the body or from an infection that starts in the brain itself (such as from a head injury or surgery).

The symptoms of a brain abscess may include headache, fever, confusion, seizures, weakness or numbness on one side of the body, and changes in vision, speech, or behavior. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to treat the infection, as well as surgical drainage of the abscess to relieve pressure on the brain.

It is a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent potentially life-threatening complications such as brain herniation or permanent neurological damage.

Intracranial hemorrhage, hypertensive is a type of intracranial hemorrhage that occurs due to the rupture of blood vessels in the brain as a result of chronic high blood pressure (hypertension). It is also known as hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Hypertension can weaken and damage the walls of the small arteries and arterioles in the brain over time, making them more susceptible to rupture. When these blood vessels burst, they cause bleeding into the surrounding brain tissue, forming a hematoma that can compress and damage brain cells.

Intracranial hemorrhage, hypertensive is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Symptoms may include sudden severe headache, weakness or numbness in the face or limbs, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision changes, loss of balance or coordination, and altered level of consciousness.

The diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage, hypertensive is typically made through imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Treatment may involve medications to reduce blood pressure, surgery to remove the hematoma, and supportive care to manage complications such as brain swelling or seizures.

A craniopharyngioma is a type of brain tumor that develops near the pituitary gland, which is a small gland located at the base of the brain. These tumors arise from remnants of Rathke's pouch, an embryonic structure involved in the development of the pituitary gland.

Craniopharyngiomas are typically slow-growing and benign (non-cancerous), but they can still cause significant health problems due to their location. They can compress nearby structures such as the optic nerves, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland, leading to symptoms like vision loss, hormonal imbalances, and cognitive impairment.

Treatment for craniopharyngiomas usually involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy in some cases. Regular follow-up with a healthcare team is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.

Meningeal neoplasms, also known as malignant meningitis or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, refer to cancerous tumors that originate in the meninges, which are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. These tumors can arise primarily from the meningeal cells themselves, although they more commonly result from the spread (metastasis) of cancer cells from other parts of the body, such as breast, lung, or melanoma.

Meningeal neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms, including headaches, nausea and vomiting, mental status changes, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies (such as MRI) and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid obtained through a spinal tap. Treatment options may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgery, depending on the type and extent of the tumor. The prognosis for patients with meningeal neoplasms is generally poor, with a median survival time of several months to a year.

Neurology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of diseases and disorders of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles, and autonomic nervous system. Neurologists are medical doctors who specialize in this field, diagnosing and treating conditions such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and various types of headaches and pain disorders. They use a variety of diagnostic tests, including imaging studies like MRI and CT scans, electrophysiological tests like EEG and EMG, and laboratory tests to evaluate nerve function and identify any underlying conditions or abnormalities. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, rehabilitation, or lifestyle modifications.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "History, 20th Century" is a broad and complex topic that refers to the events, developments, and transformations that occurred throughout the world during the 1900s. It is not a medical term or concept. If you're interested in learning more about this historical period, I would recommend consulting a history textbook, reputable online resources, or speaking with a historian. They can provide detailed information about the political, social, economic, and cultural changes that took place during the 20th century.

Skull base neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors located in the skull base, which is the region where the skull meets the spine and where the brain connects with the blood vessels and nerves that supply the head and neck. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can arise from various types of cells in this area, including bone, nerve, glandular, and vascular tissue.

Skull base neoplasms can cause a range of symptoms depending on their size, location, and growth rate. Some common symptoms include headaches, vision changes, hearing loss, facial numbness or weakness, difficulty swallowing, and balance problems. Treatment options for skull base neoplasms may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. The specific treatment plan will depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and medical history.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

Intraoperative complications refer to any unforeseen problems or events that occur during the course of a surgical procedure, once it has begun and before it is completed. These complications can range from minor issues, such as bleeding or an adverse reaction to anesthesia, to major complications that can significantly impact the patient's health and prognosis.

Examples of intraoperative complications include:

1. Bleeding (hemorrhage) - This can occur due to various reasons such as injury to blood vessels or organs during surgery.
2. Infection - Surgical site infections can develop if the surgical area becomes contaminated during the procedure.
3. Anesthesia-related complications - These include adverse reactions to anesthesia, difficulty maintaining the patient's airway, or cardiovascular instability.
4. Organ injury - Accidental damage to surrounding organs can occur during surgery, leading to potential long-term consequences.
5. Equipment failure - Malfunctioning surgical equipment can lead to complications and compromise the safety of the procedure.
6. Allergic reactions - Patients may have allergies to certain medications or materials used during surgery, causing an adverse reaction.
7. Prolonged operative time - Complications may arise if a surgical procedure takes longer than expected, leading to increased risk of infection and other issues.

Intraoperative complications require prompt identification and management by the surgical team to minimize their impact on the patient's health and recovery.

Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection that causes the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord to become inflamed. It's caused by various types of bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b.

The infection can develop quickly, over a few hours or days, and is considered a medical emergency. Symptoms may include sudden high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and sensitivity to light. In some cases, a rash may also be present.

Bacterial meningitis can lead to serious complications such as brain damage, hearing loss, learning disabilities, and even death if not treated promptly with appropriate antibiotics and supportive care. It is important to seek immediate medical attention if you suspect bacterial meningitis. Vaccines are available to prevent certain types of bacterial meningitis.

A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of stroke that results from bleeding into the space surrounding the brain, specifically within the subarachnoid space which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This space is located between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater, two of the three layers that make up the meninges, the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord.

The bleeding typically originates from a ruptured aneurysm, a weakened area in the wall of a cerebral artery, or less commonly from arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or head trauma. The sudden influx of blood into the CSF-filled space can cause increased intracranial pressure, irritation to the brain, and vasospasms, leading to further ischemia and potential additional neurological damage.

Symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage may include sudden onset of severe headache (often described as "the worst headache of my life"), neck stiffness, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and focal neurological deficits. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further complications and improve the chances of recovery.

Pituitary neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the pituitary gland, a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), with most being benign. They can vary in size and may cause various symptoms depending on their location, size, and hormonal activity.

Pituitary neoplasms can produce and secrete excess hormones, leading to a variety of endocrine disorders such as Cushing's disease (caused by excessive ACTH production), acromegaly (caused by excessive GH production), or prolactinoma (caused by excessive PRL production). They can also cause local compression symptoms due to their size, leading to headaches, vision problems, and cranial nerve palsies.

The exact causes of pituitary neoplasms are not fully understood, but genetic factors, radiation exposure, and certain inherited conditions may increase the risk of developing these tumors. Treatment options for pituitary neoplasms include surgical removal, radiation therapy, and medical management with drugs that can help control hormonal imbalances.

Dura Mater is the thickest and outermost of the three membranes (meninges) that cover the brain and spinal cord. It provides protection and support to these delicate structures. The other two layers are called the Arachnoid Mater and the Pia Mater, which are thinner and more delicate than the Dura Mater. Together, these three layers form a protective barrier around the central nervous system.

Intravenous anesthesia, also known as IV anesthesia, is a type of anesthesia that involves the administration of one or more drugs into a patient's vein to achieve a state of unconsciousness and analgesia (pain relief) during medical procedures. The drugs used in intravenous anesthesia can include sedatives, hypnotics, analgesics, and muscle relaxants, which are carefully selected and dosed based on the patient's medical history, physical status, and the type and duration of the procedure.

The administration of IV anesthesia is typically performed by a trained anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist, who monitors the patient's vital signs and adjusts the dosage of the drugs as needed to ensure the patient's safety and comfort throughout the procedure. The onset of action for IV anesthesia is relatively rapid, usually within minutes, and the depth and duration of anesthesia can be easily titrated to meet the needs of the individual patient.

Compared to general anesthesia, which involves the administration of inhaled gases or vapors to achieve a state of unconsciousness, intravenous anesthesia is associated with fewer adverse effects on respiratory and cardiovascular function, and may be preferred for certain types of procedures or patients. However, like all forms of anesthesia, IV anesthesia carries risks and potential complications, including allergic reactions, infection, bleeding, and respiratory depression, and requires careful monitoring and management by trained medical professionals.

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain, leading to an increase in intracranial pressure and potentially causing damage to the brain tissues. This excessive buildup of CSF can result from either overproduction or impaired absorption of the fluid, which typically causes the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) inside the brain to expand and put pressure on surrounding brain structures.

The condition can be congenital, present at birth due to genetic factors or abnormalities during fetal development, or acquired later in life as a result of injuries, infections, tumors, or other disorders affecting the brain's ability to regulate CSF flow and absorption. Symptoms may vary depending on age, severity, and duration but often include headaches, vomiting, balance problems, vision issues, cognitive impairment, and changes in behavior or personality.

Treatment for hydrocephalus typically involves surgically implanting a shunt system that diverts the excess CSF from the brain to another part of the body where it can be absorbed, such as the abdominal cavity. In some cases, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) might be an alternative treatment option, creating a new pathway for CSF flow within the brain. Regular follow-ups with neurosurgeons and other healthcare professionals are essential to monitor the condition and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, responsible for receiving and processing sensory information, regulating vital functions, and controlling behavior, movement, and cognition. It is divided into several distinct regions, each with specific functions:

1. Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, learning, memory, language, and perception. It is divided into two hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body.
2. Cerebellum: Located at the back of the brain, it is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, maintaining balance, and fine-tuning motor skills.
3. Brainstem: Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord, controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also serves as a relay center for sensory information and motor commands between the brain and the rest of the body.
4. Diencephalon: A region that includes the thalamus (a major sensory relay station) and hypothalamus (regulates hormones, temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep).
5. Limbic system: A group of structures involved in emotional processing, memory formation, and motivation, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus.

The brain is composed of billions of interconnected neurons that communicate through electrical and chemical signals. It is protected by the skull and surrounded by three layers of membranes called meninges, as well as cerebrospinal fluid that provides cushioning and nutrients.

Anesthesia is a medical term that refers to the loss of sensation or awareness, usually induced by the administration of various drugs. It is commonly used during surgical procedures to prevent pain and discomfort. There are several types of anesthesia, including:

1. General anesthesia: This type of anesthesia causes a complete loss of consciousness and is typically used for major surgeries.
2. Regional anesthesia: This type of anesthesia numbs a specific area of the body, such as an arm or leg, while the patient remains conscious.
3. Local anesthesia: This type of anesthesia numbs a small area of the body, such as a cut or wound, and is typically used for minor procedures.

Anesthesia can be administered through various routes, including injection, inhalation, or topical application. The choice of anesthesia depends on several factors, including the type and duration of the procedure, the patient's medical history, and their overall health. Anesthesiologists are medical professionals who specialize in administering anesthesia and monitoring patients during surgical procedures to ensure their safety and comfort.

The skull is the bony structure that encloses and protects the brain, the eyes, and the ears. It is composed of two main parts: the cranium, which contains the brain, and the facial bones. The cranium is made up of several fused flat bones, while the facial bones include the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), cheekbones, nose bones, and eye sockets (orbits).

The skull also provides attachment points for various muscles that control chewing, moving the head, and facial expressions. Additionally, it contains openings for blood vessels, nerves, and the spinal cord to pass through. The skull's primary function is to protect the delicate and vital structures within it from injury and trauma.

An intracranial aneurysm is a localized, blood-filled dilation or bulging in the wall of a cerebral artery within the skull (intracranial). These aneurysms typically occur at weak points in the arterial walls, often at branching points where the vessel divides into smaller branches. Over time, the repeated pressure from blood flow can cause the vessel wall to weaken and balloon out, forming a sac-like structure. Intracranial aneurysms can vary in size, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.

There are three main types of intracranial aneurysms:

1. Saccular (berry) aneurysm: This is the most common type, characterized by a round or oval shape with a narrow neck and a bulging sac. They usually develop at branching points in the arteries due to congenital weaknesses in the vessel wall.
2. Fusiform aneurysm: These aneurysms have a dilated segment along the length of the artery, forming a cigar-shaped or spindle-like structure. They are often caused by atherosclerosis and can affect any part of the cerebral arteries.
3. Dissecting aneurysm: This type occurs when there is a tear in the inner lining (intima) of the artery, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the vessel wall. It can lead to narrowing or complete blockage of the affected artery and may cause subarachnoid hemorrhage if it ruptures.

Intracranial aneurysms can be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions. However, when they grow larger or rupture, they can lead to severe complications such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, or even death. Treatment options include surgical clipping, endovascular coiling, or flow diversion techniques to prevent further growth and potential rupture of the aneurysm.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

The scalp is the anatomical region located at the upper part of the human head, covering the skull except for the face and the ears. It is made up of several layers: the skin, the connective tissue, the galea aponeurotica (a strong, flat, tendinous sheet), loose areolar tissue, and the periosteum (the highly vascularized innermost layer that attaches directly to the skull bones). The scalp has a rich blood supply and is home to numerous sensory receptors, including those for touch, pain, and temperature. It also contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.

The intraoperative period is the phase of surgical treatment that refers to the time during which the surgery is being performed. It begins when the anesthesia is administered and the patient is prepared for the operation, and it ends when the surgery is completed, the anesthesia is discontinued, and the patient is transferred to the recovery room or intensive care unit (ICU).

During the intraoperative period, the surgical team, including surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, and other healthcare professionals, work together to carry out the surgical procedure safely and effectively. The anesthesiologist monitors the patient's vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and body temperature, throughout the surgery to ensure that the patient remains stable and does not experience any complications.

The surgeon performs the operation, using various surgical techniques and instruments to achieve the desired outcome. The surgical team also takes measures to prevent infection, control bleeding, and manage pain during and after the surgery.

Overall, the intraoperative period is a critical phase of surgical treatment that requires close collaboration and communication among members of the healthcare team to ensure the best possible outcomes for the patient.

The Globus Pallidus is a structure in the brain that is part of the basal ganglia, a group of nuclei associated with movement control and other functions. It has two main subdivisions: the external (GPe) and internal (GPi) segments. The GPe receives input from the striatum and sends inhibitory projections to the subthalamic nucleus, while the GPi sends inhibitory projections to the thalamus, which in turn projects to the cerebral cortex. These connections allow for the regulation of motor activity, with abnormal functioning of the Globus Pallidus being implicated in various movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.

Nervous system diseases, also known as neurological disorders, refer to a group of conditions that affect the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles. These diseases can affect various functions of the body, such as movement, sensation, cognition, and behavior. They can be caused by genetics, infections, injuries, degeneration, or tumors. Examples of nervous system diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, stroke, and neuroinfections like meningitis and encephalitis. The symptoms and severity of these disorders can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe and debilitating.

Preoperative care refers to the series of procedures, interventions, and preparations that are conducted before a surgical operation. The primary goal of preoperative care is to ensure the patient's well-being, optimize their physical condition, reduce potential risks, and prepare them mentally and emotionally for the upcoming surgery.

Preoperative care typically includes:

1. Preoperative assessment: A thorough evaluation of the patient's overall health status, including medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and diagnostic imaging, to identify any potential risk factors or comorbidities that may impact the surgical procedure and postoperative recovery.
2. Informed consent: The process of ensuring the patient understands the nature of the surgery, its purpose, associated risks, benefits, and alternative treatment options. The patient signs a consent form indicating they have been informed and voluntarily agree to undergo the surgery.
3. Preoperative instructions: Guidelines provided to the patient regarding their diet, medication use, and other activities in the days leading up to the surgery. These instructions may include fasting guidelines, discontinuing certain medications, or arranging for transportation after the procedure.
4. Anesthesia consultation: A meeting with the anesthesiologist to discuss the type of anesthesia that will be used during the surgery and address any concerns related to anesthesia risks, side effects, or postoperative pain management.
5. Preparation of the surgical site: Cleaning and shaving the area where the incision will be made, as well as administering appropriate antimicrobial agents to minimize the risk of infection.
6. Medical optimization: Addressing any underlying medical conditions or correcting abnormalities that may negatively impact the surgical outcome. This may involve adjusting medications, treating infections, or managing chronic diseases such as diabetes.
7. Emotional and psychological support: Providing counseling, reassurance, and education to help alleviate anxiety, fear, or emotional distress related to the surgery.
8. Preoperative holding area: The patient is transferred to a designated area near the operating room where they are prepared for surgery by changing into a gown, having intravenous (IV) lines inserted, and receiving monitoring equipment.

By following these preoperative care guidelines, healthcare professionals aim to ensure that patients undergo safe and successful surgical procedures with optimal outcomes.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which can result in a wide range of symptoms, including convulsions, loss of consciousness, and altered sensations or behaviors. Epilepsy can have many different causes, including genetic factors, brain injury, infection, or stroke. In some cases, the cause may be unknown.

There are many different types of seizures that can occur in people with epilepsy, and the specific type of seizure will depend on the location and extent of the abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Some people may experience only one type of seizure, while others may have several different types. Seizures can vary in frequency, from a few per year to dozens or even hundreds per day.

Epilepsy is typically diagnosed based on the patient's history of recurrent seizures and the results of an electroencephalogram (EEG), which measures the electrical activity in the brain. Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans may also be used to help identify any structural abnormalities in the brain that may be contributing to the seizures.

While there is no cure for epilepsy, it can often be effectively managed with medication. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the area of the brain responsible for the seizures. With proper treatment and management, many people with epilepsy are able to lead normal, productive lives.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Perioperative care is a multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients before, during, and after surgery with the goal of optimizing outcomes and minimizing complications. It encompasses various aspects such as preoperative evaluation and preparation, intraoperative monitoring and management, and postoperative recovery and rehabilitation. The perioperative period begins when a decision is made to pursue surgical intervention and ends when the patient has fully recovered from the procedure. This care is typically provided by a team of healthcare professionals including anesthesiologists, surgeons, nurses, physical therapists, and other specialists as needed.

The "subtraction technique" is not a widely recognized or established term in medical terminology. It may refer to various methods used in different medical contexts that involve subtracting or comparing measurements, values, or observations to diagnose, monitor, or treat medical conditions. However, without more specific context, it's difficult to provide an accurate medical definition of the term.

In radiology, for example, the subtraction technique is a method used in imaging to enhance the visibility of certain structures by digitally subtracting one image from another. This technique is often used in angiography to visualize blood vessels more clearly.

Therefore, it's essential to provide more context or specify the medical field when using the term "subtraction technique" to ensure accurate communication and understanding.

Astrocytoma is a type of brain tumor that arises from astrocytes, which are star-shaped glial cells in the brain. These tumors can occur in various parts of the brain and can have different grades of malignancy, ranging from low-grade (I or II) to high-grade (III or IV). Low-grade astrocytomas tend to grow slowly and may not cause any symptoms for a long time, while high-grade astrocytomas are more aggressive and can grow quickly, causing neurological problems.

Symptoms of astrocytoma depend on the location and size of the tumor but may include headaches, seizures, weakness or numbness in the limbs, difficulty speaking or swallowing, changes in vision or behavior, and memory loss. Treatment options for astrocytomas include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. The prognosis for astrocytoma varies widely depending on the grade and location of the tumor, as well as the age and overall health of the patient.

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"World Neurosurgery". 2018 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2019. v t e v t e (Articles ... World Neurosurgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal that was established in 1973 as Surgical Neurology before ... The editor-in-chief is Edward C. Benzel (Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic). Editors-in-chief have included: Paul ... Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, January, 2015-present The journal is abstracted and indexed in: Current Contents/ ...
Neurosurgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal of neurosurgery and the official journal of the Congress of ... "Previous Issues : Neurosurgery". Journals.lww.com. Retrieved 2012-11-12. "September 2000 - Volume 47 - Issue 3 : Neurosurgery ... There is also an online-only, open access journal "Neurosurgery Practice" (previously named "Neurosurgery Open") which was ... The Origin and Early Years of Neurosurgery". Neurosurgery. 10 (6): 820-826. doi:10.1227/00006123-198206010-00029. PMID 7050760 ...
The Journal of Neurosurgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of neurosurgery. It is published by ... Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, established in 1999, it is an independent journal since 2004 Journal of Neurosurgery: ... "Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine". American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Retrieved December 23, 2018. "Journal of ... "History of the Journal of Neurosurgery," in History of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Virginia Beach, VA: ...
... Shelton Cabraal, FRCS is known as the father of neurosurgery in Sri Lanka. In 1956 he formed the ... Both systems offer reasonably good neurosurgery service to the population. However, most modern neurosurgery facilities are ... First ever operative neurosurgery contribution from Sri Lanka to the world surfaced in 2012. It was a combination of open ... The private neurosurgery units accept most international and local health insurances. (www.nsasl.lk) "Two cases of ...
... is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering neurology and neurosurgery. It was ... "Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery". 2021 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Clarivate. 2022. Official ... Neurosurgery journals, Elsevier academic journals, Academic journals established in 1974, Quarterly journals, English-language ...
The British Journal of Neurosurgery is a peer-reviewed medical journal that covers neurosurgery and neurology. It is published ... "British Journal of Neurosurgery". 2019 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2020. Official ... Neurosurgery journals, Neurology journals, Taylor & Francis academic journals, Academic journals associated with learned and ...
"Neurosurgery surgical power tool - All medical device manufacturers - Videos". "Neurosurgical Instruments,Neurosurgery ... Neurosurgery, or the premeditated incision into the head for pain relief, has been around for thousands of years, but notable ... There was not much advancement in neurosurgery until late 19th early 20th century, when electrodes were placed on the brain and ... The study of neurology and neurosurgery dates back to prehistoric times, but the academic disciplines did not begin until the ...
... on Facebook Federal Center of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) at LiveJournal (CS1 uses Russian- ... In 2012 it ranks the 2nd place for the neurosurgery operations over Russia after the Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute [ru] in ... In December, 2012 the first surgery was held in the Federal Center of Neurosurgery in Novosibirsk. The hospital consists of ... The Federal Center of Neurosurgery in Tyumen (Russian: Федеральный центр нейрохирургии в Тюмени), the full official name is the ...
It covers research and reviews in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. Its Editor-in-Chief is Karen L. Furie ... The Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the BMJ Group. ... cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) "Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry". 2022 Journal ... Neurosurgery journals, All stub articles, Neurology journal stubs, Psychiatry journal stubs, Surgery journal stubs). ...
51°31′20″N 0°7′19″W / 51.52222°N 0.12194°W / 51.52222; -0.12194 The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery ( ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. The National Hospital for Neurology ... "National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery". Lost Hospitals of London. Retrieved 27 June 2018. "The National Hospital for ... "National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery Brochure" (PDF). University College London. Retrieved 8 April 2011. ...
"Neurosurgery at the Barrow Neurological Institute". Neurosurgery. 41 (4): 930-937. doi:10.1097/00006123-199710000-00030. PMID ... The authors found that the Barrow Neurosurgery Department was #2 in terms of overall academic productivity. In 2018, Barrow ... Journal of Neurosurgery. 120 (3): 746-55. doi:10.3171/2013.11.JNS131708. PMID 24359012. The Barrow Neurological Institute (CS1 ...
Journal of neurosurgery 95, 756-763. Aries, M.J., Czosnyka, M., Budohoski, K.P., Steiner, L.A., Lavinio, A., Kolias, A.G., ... Neurosurgery. 41 (1): 11-7, discussion 17-9. doi:10.1097/00006123-199707000-00005. PMID 9218290. Depreitere, F; Güiza, F; Van ...
Neurosurgery. 57 (5): 1008-13. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000180811.56157.E1. PMID 16284570. S2CID 10303325. Fidalgo M, Fraile M, ... Neurosurgery. 57 (5): 1008-13. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000180811.56157.E1. PMID 16284570. S2CID 10303325. Liquori CL, Berg MJ, ...
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Neurosurgery. 56 (suppl. 4): 252-5. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000156797.07395.15. PMID 15794821. S2CID 10515351. Park JH, Kim JM, Roh ... Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 78 (9): 954-8. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.105767. PMC 2117863. PMID 17098838. Moon, Jong Un; Kim, ...
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Chai FY, Farizal F, Jegan T (2013). "Coma due to malplaced external ventricular drain". Turkish Neurosurgery. 23 (4): 561-563. ... 265-. ISBN 978-0-323-32222-5. Mark R. Proctor (23 November 2007). Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery. Springer Science & Business ... World Neurosurgery. 99: 518-523. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.042. ISSN 1878-8769. PMID 28012890. "EVD Infection Control". www. ... Neurosurgery. 63 (suppl_1): ONS162-6, discussion ONS166-7. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000312390.83127.7F. PMID 18728595. S2CID ...
Gill, AS; DK Binder (May 2007). "Wilder Penfield, Pío del Río-Hortega, and the discovery of oligodendroglia". Neurosurgery. 60 ... Feindel, William (1 September 1977). "Wilder Penfield (1891-1976)The Man and His Work". Neurosurgery. 1 (2): 93-100. doi: ... Schott, GD (1993). "Penfield's homunculus: a note on cerebral cartography". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry ... OCLC 716544137 Penfield, Wilder (1941). Canadian Army of Military Neurosurgery. Ottawa: Government Distribution Office. (read ...
Sofela AA, Hettige S, Curran O, Bassi S (September 2014). "Malignant transformation in craniopharyngiomas". Neurosurgery. 75 (3 ... Wisoff JH (February 2008). "Craniopharyngioma". Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics. 1 (2): 124-5, discussion 125. doi:10.3171/ ... February 2017). "Endonasal endoscopic reoperation for residual or recurrent craniopharyngiomas". Journal of Neurosurgery. 126 ( ... HPS stain Craniopharyngiomas are usually successfully managed with a combination of adjuvant chemotherapy and neurosurgery. ...
Neurosurgery. 69 (3): 630-43, discussion 643. doi:10.1227/NEU.0b013e31821a872d. PMID 21499159. S2CID 12501723. Masuzaki H, ...
Hoshizaki, T Blaine; Brien, Susan E (2004). "The science and design of head protection in sport". Neurosurgery. 55 (4): 956-66 ...
Pandya, Sunil K. (2011). "Understanding Brain, Mind and Soul: Contributions from Neurology and Neurosurgery". Mens Sana ... Journal of Neurosurgery. 89 (5): 874-887. doi:10.3171/jns.1998.89.5.0874. ISSN 0022-3085. PMID 9817431. Santoro, Giuseppe; Wood ... Neurosurgery. 65 (4): 633-643. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000349750.22332.6A. ISSN 0148-396X. PMID 19834368. S2CID 27566267. Thivel, ...
Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 48 (6): 579-81. doi:10.1136/jnnp.48.6.579. PMC 1028376. PMID 4009195. Peitzman et al. 2012, p. ... Neurosurgery. 84 (1): 30-40. doi:10.1093/neuros/nyy128. PMC 6292792. PMID 29800461. Sabapathy V, Tharion G, Kumar S (2015). " ... World Neurosurgery. 133: e391-e396. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.09.044. PMID 31526882. S2CID 202671826. Bigelow & Medzon 2011, pp. ... Neurosurgery. 16 (4): 538-42. doi:10.1097/00006123-198504000-00016. PMID 3990933. Sabharwal 2013, pp. 24-25. Bashir 2017, p. 48 ...
Neurosurgery. 1988 Mar;22(3):564-6. PMID 3362325. Johnson MK, O'Connor M, Cantor J. Confabulation, memory deficits, and frontal ...
Although the literal meaning of laminectomy is 'excision of the lamina', a conventional laminectomy in neurosurgery and ... Neurosurgery. 50 (3): 607-612. doi:10.1097/00006123-200203000-00032. ISSN 0148-396X. PMID 11841730. Phan, Kevin; Mobbs, Ralph J ... Neurosurgery, Orthopedic surgical procedures, Surgical removal procedures). ...
Owen CM, Howard A, Binder DK (December 2009). "Hippocampus minor, calcar avis, and the Huxley-Owen debate". Neurosurgery. 65 (6 ... Pearce JM (Sep 2001). "Ammon's horn and the hippocampus". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 71 (3): 351. doi: ... Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 20 (1): 11-21. doi:10.1136/jnnp.20.1.11. PMC 497229. PMID 13406589. Shettleworth SJ (2003). " ...
Neurosurgery. 53 (1): 25-33. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000068790.37318.24. PMID 12823870. S2CID 24085520 - via Oxford. (Articles with ... Operative Neurosurgery. 10 (2): 357-367. doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000000323. PMID 24561869. S2CID 20545224 - via Oxford. Ng, ...
The recognized degree in India for neurosurgery is National Board certification as Doctorate of Neurosurgery (DrNB Neurosurgery ... Some neurosurgery procedures involve the use of intra-operative MRI and functional MRI. In conventional neurosurgery the ... "Journal: World Neurosurgery". WFNS. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014. "World Neurosurgery, Home ... Wilder Penfield - known as one of the founding fathers of modern neurosurgery, and pioneer of epilepsy Neurosurgery. Ludvig ...
We have remained at the forefront of medicine by fostering a culture of collaboration, pushing the boundaries of medical research, educating the brightest medical minds and maintaining an unwavering commitment to the diverse communities we serve.. ...
Children who undergo neurosurgery can, and do, grow and thrive. Find stories of hope from our patients who are living life to ... Neurosurgery Patient Stories. Read stories of hope and inspiration from patients and families who were cared for by the ...
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The Division of Neurosurgery also offers one International Pediatric Neurosurgery Fellowship each year. Learn more and apply. ... The International Pediatric Neurosurgery Fellowship is a stipend, 12-month program intended to provide a focused, dedicated ... For more information about the International Pediatric Neurosurgery Fellowship, contact Associate International Fellowship ... international fellow will complete a research or quality improvement project and submit such work to a national neurosurgery ...
Allison suffered from a rathkes cleft cyst that was pressing on her brain. Read more about her procedure and experience at UPMC.
Congratulations to Vivek Buch, MD, on his promotion to Clinical Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery, effective May 1, 2023 ... Congratulations to Suzanne Tharin, MD, PhD, on her promotion to Associate Professor of Neurosurgery, effective May 1, 2023 ...
Adult Neurosurgery: 410-955-6406 , Pediatric Neurosurgery: 410-955-7337. Existing Patients: Schedule a follow-up appointment ... The Johns Hopkins Hospital is top ranked in Neurology & Neurosurgery, according to U.S. News & World Reports 2023-24 Best ... The Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery provide expert care to thousands of adults and children each year, many with rare ... In MemoriamDonlin Long, Master Neurosurgeon, Pain Treatment Pioneer, and First Head of Johns Hopkins Neurosurgery Dept., Dies ...
The recognized degree in India for neurosurgery is National Board certification as Doctorate of Neurosurgery (DrNB Neurosurgery ... "Neurosurgery surgical power tool - All medical device manufacturers - Videos".. *^ a b "Neurosurgical Instruments,Neurosurgery ... "Technology increases precision, safety during neurosurgery , Penn State University".. *^ "Robotics in Neurosurgery". ... Vascular neurosurgery includes clipping of aneurysms and performing carotid endarterectomy (CEA).. *Stereotactic neurosurgery, ...
... and describe the views and opinions on the future of the microvascular training in neurosurgery. In “dry” ... R. M. Donaghy, "The history of microsurgery in neurosurgery," Clinical Neurosurgery, vol. 26, pp. 619-625, 1979. ... Microvascular Anastomosis Training in Neurosurgery: A Review. Vadim A. Byvaltsev. ,1,2,3,4Serik K. Akshulakov. ,5Roman A. ... J. Olabe, J. Olabe, and V. Sancho, "Human cadaver brain infusion model for neurosurgical training," World Neurosurgery, vol. 72 ...
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encoded search term (Neurosurgery for Hydrocephalus) and Neurosurgery for Hydrocephalus What to Read Next on Medscape ... Neurosurgery for Hydrocephalus. Updated: Jun 23, 2020 * Author: Herbert H Engelhard, III, MD, PhD, FACS, FAANS; Chief Editor: ... Brian H Kopell, MD Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Brian H Kopell, MD ... Dachling Pang, MD, FRCSC, FACS, FRCSE Professor of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine ...
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Division of Neurosurgery. HUG. 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil. CH-1211 Genève 14. Tel.: +41 22 372 82 02 ... 851] Karl Schaller Group (Neurosurgery). Three main fields:. *Pathophysiology of cerebral blood flow (CB) and clinical aspects ...
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Patients successfully treated with transcranial high-intensity focused ultrasound opening possibilities for neurosurgery and ... Neurosurgery with Transcranial MR-guided Ultrasound. Author: University of Zurich. Published: 2009/06/22. Peer-Reviewed: N/A. ... Non-invasive neurosurgery. In a Swiss National research project, the team of the University of Zurich successfully implemented ... 2009, June 22). Neurosurgery with Transcranial MR-guided Ultrasound. Disabled World. Retrieved December 1, 2023 from www. ...
Neurosurgery at Cook Childrens. Consistently earning a top national ranking for neuroscience, we offer some of the most ... Contact our Neurosurgery Program. 682-885-2500. Coming from outside of Texas?. We offer many services to families who are ... Choose Cook Childrens Neurosurgery Program. We invite you to give us a call and our care coordinators in Cook Childrens ... Using iMRI for more precise neurosurgery. Since the installation of our iMRI surgical suite in 2009, our team has performed ...
Neurosurgery Research. UNC Center for Congenital Brain and Spine Malformations. Research. *Neurosurgery Research ... UNC Department of Neurosurgery. Administrative Office:. Physicians Office Building. 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7060. Chapel ...
Interest and participation in global neurosurgery: a survey of Canadian neurosurgery residents. Neurosurg Focus. 2020 Mar 1;48( ... Developing a Professionalism and Harassment Policy for Organized Neurosurgery. Neurosurgery. 2021 Apr 15;88(5):1038-1039. PMID ... Gender-Based Disparities in Academic Productivity Arise During Neurosurgery Residency: A Systematic Review. Neurosurgery (): ... An Essential Task for the Prioritization of Neurosurgery in the Evolving Global Health Landscape. Neurosurgery. 2023 Jan 1;92(1 ...
He specializes in pediatric neurosurgery. Dr. Klugh received a BS from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland ... Most recently, he served 12 years at Naval Medical Center San Diego where he originated the pediatric neurosurgery service line ... Pediatric Neurosurgery Fellowship, Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital Stanford in Palo Alto, California ... Klugh performed fellowship training in pediatric neurosurgery at Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital Stanford in Palo Alto, ...
Find neurology and neurosurgery resources for medical professionals including clinical updates, referral information, news and ... Neurology and Neurosurgery Podcasts. */ Hear from neurology and neurosurgery providers as they discuss research and programs at ... Neurology and Neurosurgery Case Studies Brain and Spine Tumors. Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Treatment of Clival Chordoma ... Neurology and Neurosurgery Programs. Brain and Spine Tumors Program. *Brain and Spine Tumor Consult Services ...
Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University. 909 Walnut St., 2nd fl.. Philadelphia, PA 19107. Email: gbr@ ...
Rush University Medical Center neurology and neurosurgery is ranked No. 4 in the U.S., with subspecialty care for the full ... Neurology and Neurosurgery Providers in Chicago Rush has neurology and neurosurgery providers at multiple Chicago locations. ... Neurology and Neurosurgery Services in Chicago. Rush University Medical Center is ranked among the best in the U.S. for ... What to Expect in Chicago for Neurology and Neurosurgery *Multiple programs with subspecialty focus: Many of our neurology and ...
Neurosurgery. 2011 Dec;69(6):1299-306. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e31822b7069. PubMed PMID: 21725253. ... Charting the road forward in psychiatric neurosurgery: proceedings of the 2016 American Society for Stereotactic and Functional ... Utilizing virtual and augmented reality for educational and clinical enhancements in neurosurgery. J Clin Neurosci. 2017 Jan;35 ... Neurosurgery workshop on neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018 Aug;89(8):886-896. doi ...
  • The neurosurgery residency program at Upstate involves robust training in all areas of neurosurgery and has trained more than 100 residents over the past 60 years. (upstate.edu)
  • Under the leadership of Dr. Frank Culicchia, Chairman of the Department, and Dr. Gabriel Tender, Program Director of the Neurosurgery Residency Program, we place high priority on creating an environment where residents can not only meet but exceed their personal career objectives. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • He previously served as a professor of neurosurgery, residency program director, and department vice chair for education at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. (beckershospitalreview.com)
  • Following his residencies, Dr. Klugh performed fellowship training in pediatric neurosurgery at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford in Palo Alto, California. (unmc.edu)
  • Hear from neurology and neurosurgery providers as they discuss research and programs at RUSH. (rush.edu)
  • Receive our monthly neurosciences newsletter that features the latest advancements, innovations and research from our neurology and neurosurgery providers. (rush.edu)
  • Many of our neurology and neurosurgery providers focus on one aspect of the neurosciences. (rush.edu)
  • Rush has neurology and neurosurgery providers at multiple Chicago locations. (rush.edu)
  • Most recently, he served 12 years at Naval Medical Center San Diego where he originated the pediatric neurosurgery service line and retired from naval service as a Captain. (unmc.edu)
  • There is ongoing debate in the country on whether 3 years are enough for neurosurgery, with many neurosurgeons advocating minimum of 6 years of neurosurgery training. (wikipedia.org)
  • LSUHSC- New Orleans Department of Neurosurgery is committed to providing comprehensive, world-class neurosurgical care while educating and training successful neurosurgeons of tomorrow. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Progress in neurosurgery: Contributions of women neurosurgeons in Latin America. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nearly 75 years after the first woman neurosurgeon was trained in Latin America , the field of neurosurgery is changing and the prominence of women neurosurgeons within the specialty is increasing. (bvsalud.org)
  • By researching the histories of individual physicians and neurosurgeons , as well as neurosurgical departments and societies , we present, for the first time , the history of the women in neurosurgery in Latin America . (bvsalud.org)
  • Women neurosurgeons in the region have made notable progress, inspiring subsequent generations and actively participating in organized neurosurgery , medical leadership outside neurosurgery , academic neurosurgery , and leadership in contemporary society. (bvsalud.org)
  • Read stories of hope and inspiration from patients and families who were cared for by the Cincinnati Children's Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • The International Pediatric Neurosurgery Fellowship is a stipend, 12-month program intended to provide a focused, dedicated pediatric neurosurgical experience, both clinical and academic. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • For more information about the International Pediatric Neurosurgery Fellowship, contact Associate International Fellowship Director, Jesse Skoch, MD , at [email protected] . (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • He specializes in pediatric neurosurgery. (unmc.edu)
  • She completed research in pediatric neurosurgery with the Yale neurosurgery department prior to residency. (unc.edu)
  • She is interested in pediatric neurosurgery and her research will focus on pediatric tethered cord syndrome, preoperative imaging, and surgical outcomes. (unc.edu)
  • Stanford Medicine Children's Health in Palo Alto, Calif., has named Cormac Maher, MD, as its new chief of pediatric neurosurgery. (beckershospitalreview.com)
  • In this new capacity, Dr. Maher will be charged with leading the pediatric neurosurgery department. (beckershospitalreview.com)
  • We believe that each resident is different and, while all residents are trained to be proficient in all areas of neurosurgery, we individualize the one year of research based on each resident's desired future subspecialty. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • The residency training program is designed to provide each resident with progressive responsibility and well-rounded experience in all areas of neurosurgery. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (M.B.B.S.) with Residency in Neurosurgery or Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons (F.R.C.S. (wikipedia.org)
  • If you are interested in applying to the spinal neurosurgery fellowship program or have questions, please contact us for additional information. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • Dr. Duckworth holds the distinction of being "dual-fellowship trained," having completed fellowship training in cerebrovascular and cranial base surgery at Northwestern University and in endovascular neurosurgery and interventional neuroradiology at Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. (stlukesonline.org)
  • Dr. Shastri is one of the neuroendovascular fellows for 2021-2022, an enfolded fellowship with UNC Neurosurgery that he will complete during his PGY5 year. (unc.edu)
  • He also plans to pursue further fellowship training in skull base and open vascular neurosurgery following residency training. (unc.edu)
  • The Johns Hopkins Hospital is top ranked in Neurology & Neurosurgery, according to U.S. News & World Report 's 2023-24 Best Hospitals list. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Neurosurgery ():10.1227/neu.0000000000002547, June 7, 2023. (uclahealth.org)
  • A research team under the direction of Professor Daniel Jeanmonod, neurosurgeon at the Department of Functional Neurosurgery of the Neurosurgical Clinic at the University Hospital Zurich and Professor Ernst Martin, director of the Magnetic Resonance Center at the University Children's Hospital Zurich succeeded in proving the safety and efficacy of this revolutionary surgical method which permits fully non-invasive brain interventions even on an out-patient basis. (disabled-world.com)
  • Scientists working in the Co-Me program pursue the goal of establishing and developing surgical interventions by means of tcMRgHIFU, in order to broaden the spectrum of completely non-invasive interventions for functional neurosurgery and for the treatment of brain tumors, stroke and various neurological brain disorders by targeted drug delivery. (disabled-world.com)
  • During your hospitalization, both your surgery and recovery will take place on a dedicated, state-of-the-art neurosurgery floor, where every nurse and technician is specially trained in neurosurgical care. (providence.org)
  • This section of the International and Movement Disorder Society website is dedicated to elaborating on neurosurgical advancements in treating patients with movement disorders and was developed under the leadership of the former Director of the Neurosurgery Task Force of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, Prof. Joachim K. Krauss (Direktor, Neurochirurgie, Zentrum Neurologische Medizin, Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Germany). (movementdisorders.org)
  • His interest is in cerebrovascular and endovascular neurosurgery and he has published research on hemodynamics of aneurysm formation as well as various endovascular therapies. (unc.edu)
  • During his time in organized neurosurgery - due to his force of personality and acumen - neurosurgery improved public access to spine surgery and endovascular surgery as well as bolstered neurocritical care as an independent specialty," said Jonathan White, M.D. , Professor of Neurological Surgery and Radiology in the Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute . (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The UPMC Department of Neurosurgery, part of the UPMC Neurological Institute , offers the most advanced and comprehensive treatment and surgical care options for complex brain , skull base, and spine disorders. (upmc.com)
  • Founded in 1957, the Department of Neurosurgery at Upstate Medical University is the only comprehensive academic neurosurgery program in Central New York and is internationally renowned for clinical care, resident education, and scientific research. (upstate.edu)
  • Neurosurgeon-Researcher, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Foundation of São José do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil. (pulsus.com)
  • Department of Neurosurgery Hospital Sungai Buloh Jalan Hospital 47000 Sungai Buloh Selangor Dural Ehsan, Malaysia. (pulsus.com)
  • We were immediately impressed by her brilliance and passion for Neurosurgery," Reid Thompson, MD, chair of the department of neurological surgery at Vanderbilt, said in an emailed statement to MedPage Today . (medpagetoday.com)
  • Department of Neurosurgery, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Miguel Grau 755, Cercado de Lima 15001, Peru. (bvsalud.org)
  • Neurosurgery or neurological surgery, known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty concerned with the surgical treatment of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Over the course of his almost four-decade career, former Chair of Neurological Surgery Hunt Batjer, M.D. , established himself as an internationally recognized cerebrovascular surgeon and a luminary in academic neurosurgery - achievements that have led to his appointment as Professor Emeritus. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The RUSH Neurology and Neurosurgery program is nationally recognized as a leader in the care of neurological disorders and incorporates the most advanced surgical and nonsurgical therapies to treat these conditions. (rush.edu)
  • The Neurosurgery Special Interest Group will develop educational programs, and clinical tools for multidisciplinary use aimed at offering innovative surgical solutions to complex neurologic disorders. (movementdisorders.org)
  • WellSpan Neurosurgery in Hanover, provides surgical solutions for conditions related to the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord and spinal column, as well as the nerves that travel through all parts of the body (hands, legs, arms, face). (wellspan.org)
  • Neurosurgery remains consistently amongst the most competitive medical specialties in which to obtain entry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neurosurgery, or the premeditated incision into the head for pain relief, has been around for thousands of years, but notable advancements in neurosurgery have only come within the last hundred years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mission's neurosurgery team is led by neurological and orthopedic surgeons who are nationally known leaders in minimally invasive surgery techniques, image-guided surgery for complex spine issues, advanced brain injury treatments, cutting-edge pain-management interventions and other groundbreaking advancements. (providence.org)
  • Her passion for neurosurgery was sparked by her love of both the neurosciences and surgery and she sought out mentorship from the neurosurgery faculty at Yale University. (unc.edu)
  • Patients successfully treated with transcranial high-intensity focused ultrasound opening possibilities for neurosurgery and treatment of neurological brain disorders. (disabled-world.com)
  • The Magnetic Resonance Center of the University Children's Hospital Zurich has achieved a world first break through in MR-guided, non-invasive neurosurgery. (disabled-world.com)
  • Dr. Arnett Klugh is an Associate Professor of Neurosurgery at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. (unmc.edu)
  • Neurosurgery research at Upstate is integrated into the clinical program to allow rapid translation of new discoveries. (upstate.edu)
  • Since its inception in 1968, nearly 50 residents have been successfully trained in our program and have gone on to excel in both academic and private practice neurosurgery. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Our ACGME-accredited Neurosurgery residency training program accepts one and two residents in alternating years. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Potter is one of 240 neurosurgery residents who matched this year, according to 2022 data from the National Resident Matching Program. (medpagetoday.com)
  • He is the director of St. Luke's Cranial Neurosurgery Program. (stlukesonline.org)
  • Spinal Neurosurgery training offers fellows exposure to a wide range of procedures, populations and creative scholarly activities. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • The scope of research conducted here encompasses the spectrum of spinal neurosurgery disease investigation. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • The highly skilled neurosurgery team at St. Luke's provides expertise in evaluating and treating people with neurological conditions, such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), brain and spinal cord tumors, cerebral and spine aneurysms, Chiari malformation, stroke, and trigeminal neuralgia. (stlukesonline.org)
  • The recognized degree in India for neurosurgery is National Board certification as Doctorate of Neurosurgery (DrNB Neurosurgery) or MCh degree awarded by medical colleges, which both are deemed equivalent. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is expected that the international fellow will complete a research or quality improvement project and submit such work to a national neurosurgery conference. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Neurosurgery-Quora from the Neurosurgery Research Listserv. (delphiforums.com)
  • Dr. Maher will also serve as a professor of neurosurgery at the Stanford School of Medicine, according to a March 27 news release. (beckershospitalreview.com)
  • We met Dr. Tamia Potter in the summer of 2022 when she spent a month on the Vanderbilt neurosurgery service as a visiting student from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. (medpagetoday.com)
  • During the Roman Empire, doctors and surgeons performed neurosurgery on depressed skull fractures. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, its application to the brain through the intact skull for non-invasive neurosurgery was not possible until recently, because of insurmountable technical difficulties. (disabled-world.com)
  • Analysis of the training of neurosurgery residents revealed a growing dissatisfaction with the quality of training as forty percent of young surgeons rated their microsurgical training as inadequate [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • For the journal, see Neurosurgery (journal) . (wikipedia.org)
  • The Journal of Neurosurgery is celebrating 75 years of continuous publishing of articles in neurosurgery. (aans.org)
  • An update on progress in and upcoming plans for the Human Connectome Project appears in the July issue of Neurosurgery, official journal of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. (news-medical.net)
  • UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside is nationally ranked in neurology and neurosurgery by U.S. News & World Report . (upmc.com)
  • A fifth (20%) of those denied had appointments for orthopaedics, 18% for cancer treatment and investigation, and 14% for neurosurgery. (who.int)
  • The Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery provide expert care to thousands of adults and children each year, many with rare, complex conditions. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • That means they diagnose and treat specific conditions or groups of conditions within neurology and neurosurgery. (rush.edu)
  • Most of the medical colleges and teaching hospitals in the country provide post general surgery 3 years neurosurgery course. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anyone in neurosurgery, medical or nursing communities. (delphiforums.com)
  • Dr. Emmet Dyer, MD is a neurosurgery specialist in Charlotte, NC and has over 34 years of experience in the medical field. (healthgrades.com)
  • Compare Dr. Dyer with our nearby Neurosurgery Specialists at Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center. (healthgrades.com)
  • Medical student Tamia Potter made history earlier this month when she became the first Black woman to match into a neurosurgery residency at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. (medpagetoday.com)
  • He returned home for medical school and neurosurgery residency. (unc.edu)
  • She was the first student to match neurosurgery from her medical school. (unc.edu)
  • Gender-Based Disparities in Academic Productivity Arise During Neurosurgery Residency: A Systematic Review. (uclahealth.org)