Neuronal plasticity. Medical search

The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy, usually induced by appropriate activation of the same synapses. The phenomenological properties of long-term potentiation suggest that it may be a cellular mechanism of learning and memory.

Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.

A member of the nerve growth factor family of trophic factors. In the brain BDNF has a trophic action on retinal, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurons, and in the peripheral nervous system it acts on both motor and sensory neurons. (From Kendrew, The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994)

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.

A class of ionotropic glutamate receptors characterized by affinity for N-methyl-D-aspartate. NMDA receptors have an allosteric binding site for glycine which must be occupied for the channel to open efficiently and a site within the channel itself to which magnesium ions bind in a voltage-dependent manner. The positive voltage dependence of channel conductance and the high permeability of the conducting channel to calcium ions (as well as to monovalent cations) are important in excitotoxicity and neuronal plasticity.

Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.

Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

A nervous tissue specific protein which is highly expressed in NEURONS during development and NERVE REGENERATION. It has been implicated in neurite outgrowth, long-term potentiation, SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, and NEUROTRANSMITTER release. (From Neurotoxicology 1994;15(1):41-7) It is also a substrate of PROTEIN KINASE C.

The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.

Spiny processes on DENDRITES, each of which receives excitatory input from one nerve ending (NERVE ENDINGS). They are commonly found on PURKINJE CELLS and PYRAMIDAL CELLS.

Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other NEURONS.

Depolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during neurotransmission. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials can singly or in summation reach the trigger threshold for ACTION POTENTIALS.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the INFERIOR HORN OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE of the TEMPORAL LOBE. The amygdala is part of the limbic system.

Formation of NEURONS which involves the differentiation and division of STEM CELLS in which one or both of the daughter cells become neurons.

A meshlike structure composed of interconnecting nerve cells that are separated at the synaptic junction or joined to one another by cytoplasmic processes. In invertebrates, for example, the nerve net allows nerve impulses to spread over a wide area of the net because synapses can pass information in any direction.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

In tissue culture, hairlike projections of neurons stimulated by growth factors and other molecules. These projections may go on to form a branched tree of dendrites or a single axon or they may be reabsorbed at a later stage of development. "Neurite" may refer to any filamentous or pointed outgrowth of an embryonal or tissue-culture neural cell.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Learning that takes place when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

A class of ionotropic glutamate receptors characterized by their affinity for the agonist AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid).

GRAY MATTER situated above the GYRUS HIPPOCAMPI. It is composed of three layers. The molecular layer is continuous with the HIPPOCAMPUS in the hippocampal fissure. The granular layer consists of closely arranged spherical or oval neurons, called GRANULE CELLS, whose AXONS pass through the polymorphic layer ending on the DENDRITES of PYRAMIDAL CELLS in the hippocampus.

Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.

A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium-regulated transcription factor as well as a substrate for depolarization-activated CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. This protein functions to integrate both calcium and cAMP signals.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A CELL LINE derived from a PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA of the rat ADRENAL MEDULLA. PC12 cells stop dividing and undergo terminal differentiation when treated with NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, making the line a useful model system for NERVE CELL differentiation.

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.

Learning the correct route through a maze to obtain reinforcement. It is used for human or animal populations. (Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 6th ed)

Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.

A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric protein comprised of twelve subunits. It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

The distal terminations of axons which are specialized for the release of neurotransmitters. Also included are varicosities along the course of axons which have similar specializations and also release transmitters. Presynaptic terminals in both the central and peripheral nervous systems are included.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

A protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is specific for BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; NEUROTROPHIN 3; neurotrophin 4 and neurotrophin 5. It is widely expressed in nervous tissue and plays a role in mediating the effects of neurotrophins on growth and differentiation of neuronal cells.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.

Projection neurons in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and the HIPPOCAMPUS. Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped soma with the apex and an apical dendrite pointed toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base. The axons may have local collaterals but also project outside their cortical region.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-fos genes (GENES, FOS). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. c-fos combines with c-jun (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-JUN) to form a c-fos/c-jun heterodimer (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1) that binds to the TRE (TPA-responsive element) in promoters of certain genes.

The affective response to an actual current external danger which subsides with the elimination of the threatening condition.

A general term referring to the learning of some particular response.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).

Area of the OCCIPITAL LOBE concerned with the processing of visual information relayed via VISUAL PATHWAYS.

An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.

Substances used for their pharmacological actions on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

Cell-surface proteins that bind glutamate and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors include ionotropic receptors (AMPA, kainate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors), which directly control ion channels, and metabotropic receptors which act through second messenger systems. Glutamate receptors are the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. They have also been implicated in the mechanisms of memory and of many diseases.

An intermediate filament protein found only in glial cells or cells of glial origin. MW 51,000.

(2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.

The absence or restriction of the usual external sensory stimuli to which the individual responds.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the neurological system, processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or "seizure disorder."

A persistent activity-dependent decrease in synaptic efficacy between NEURONS. It typically occurs following repeated low-frequency afferent stimulation, but it can be induced by other methods. Long-term depression appears to play a role in MEMORY.

Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

The rostral part of the frontal lobe, bounded by the inferior precentral fissure in humans, which receives projection fibers from the MEDIODORSAL NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS. The prefrontal cortex receives afferent fibers from numerous structures of the DIENCEPHALON; MESENCEPHALON; and LIMBIC SYSTEM as well as cortical afferents of visual, auditory, and somatic origin.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The functional superiority and preferential use of one eye over the other. The term is usually applied to superiority in sighting (VISUAL PERCEPTION) or motor task but not difference in VISUAL ACUITY or dysfunction of one of the eyes. Ocular dominance can be modified by visual input and NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS.

One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.

A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in NERVE TISSUE.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.

An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A specific stage in animal and human development during which certain types of behavior normally are shaped and molded for life.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A group of severe neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (CEROID; LIPOFUSCIN) in neurons. There are several subtypes based on mutations of the various genes, time of disease onset, and severity of the neurological defects such as progressive DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and visual failure.

The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Modulation of long-term synaptic depression in visual cortex by acetylcholine and norepinephrine. (1/7650)

In a slice preparation of rat visual cortex, we discovered that paired-pulse stimulation (PPS) elicits a form of homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) in the superficial layers when carbachol (CCh) or norepinephrine (NE) is applied concurrently. PPS by itself, or CCh and NE in the absence of synaptic stimulation, produced no lasting change. The LTD induced by PPS in the presence of NE or CCh is of comparable magnitude with that obtained with prolonged low-frequency stimulation (LFS) but requires far fewer stimulation pulses (40 vs 900). The cholinergic facilitation of LTD was blocked by atropine and pirenzepine, suggesting involvement of M1 receptors. The noradrenergic facilitation of LTD was blocked by urapidil and was mimicked by methoxamine, suggesting involvement of alpha1 receptors. beta receptor agonists and antagonists were without effect. Induction of LTD by PPS was inhibited by NMDA receptor blockers (completely in the case of NE; partially in the case of CCh), suggesting that one action of the modulators is to control the gain of NMDA receptor-dependent homosynaptic LTD in visual cortex. We propose that this is a mechanism by which cholinergic and noradrenergic inputs to the neocortex modulate naturally occurring receptive field plasticity. (+info)

Activity-dependent metaplasticity of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in the lamprey spinal cord locomotor network. (2/7650)

Paired intracellular recordings have been used to examine the activity-dependent plasticity and neuromodulator-induced metaplasticity of synaptic inputs from identified inhibitory and excitatory interneurons in the lamprey spinal cord. Trains of spikes at 5-20 Hz were used to mimic the frequency of spiking that occurs in network interneurons during NMDA or brainstem-evoked locomotor activity. Inputs from inhibitory and excitatory interneurons exhibited similar activity-dependent changes, with synaptic depression developing during the spike train. The level of depression reached was greater with lower stimulation frequencies. Significant activity-dependent depression of inputs from excitatory interneurons and inhibitory crossed caudal interneurons, which are central elements in the patterning of network activity, usually developed between the fifth and tenth spikes in the train. Because these interneurons typically fire bursts of up to five spikes during locomotor activity, this activity-dependent plasticity will presumably not contribute to the patterning of network activity. However, in the presence of the neuromodulators substance P and 5-HT, significant activity-dependent metaplasticity of these inputs developed over the first five spikes in the train. Substance P induced significant activity-dependent depression of inhibitory but potentiation of excitatory interneuron inputs, whereas 5-HT induced significant activity-dependent potentiation of both inhibitory and excitatory interneuron inputs. Because these metaplastic effects are consistent with the substance P and 5-HT-induced modulation of the network output, activity-dependent metaplasticity could be a potential mechanism underlying the coordination and modulation of rhythmic network activity. (+info)

CRE-mediated gene transcription in neocortical neuronal plasticity during the developmental critical period. (3/7650)

Neuronal activity-dependent processes are believed to mediate the formation of synaptic connections during neocortical development, but the underlying intracellular mechanisms are not known. In the visual system, altering the pattern of visually driven neuronal activity by monocular deprivation induces cortical synaptic rearrangement during a postnatal developmental window, the critical period. Here, using transgenic mice carrying a CRE-lacZ reporter, we demonstrate that a calcium- and cAMP-regulated signaling pathway is activated following monocular deprivation. We find that monocular deprivation leads to an induction of CRE-mediated lacZ expression in the visual cortex preceding the onset of physiologic plasticity, and this induction is dramatically downregulated following the end of the critical period. These results suggest that CRE-dependent coordinate regulation of a network of genes may control physiologic plasticity during postnatal neocortical development. (+info)

Impairment of neocortical long-term potentiation in mice deficient of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. (4/7650)

The role of the possible retrograde messenger nitric oxide (NO) in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) was studied in supragranular layers of somatosensory cortical slices obtained from adult mice. High-frequency stimulation produced a slowly rising, long-lasting (50 min) and significant (P < 0.001) increase in the extracellular synaptic response by 23%. The induction of LTP was independent from activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, but prevented by bath application of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), indicating that one or several of the different NO synthases (NOS) produced NO within the postsynaptic neuron. No LTP could be induced in knockout mice lacking the endothelial NOS (eNOS) isoform. These data suggest that eNOS is involved in an NMDA receptor-independent form of LTP in the rodent cerebral cortex. (+info)

Selective induction of LTP and LTD by postsynaptic [Ca2+]i elevation. (5/7650)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), two prominent forms of synaptic plasticity at glutamatergic afferents to CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells, are both triggered by the elevation of postsynaptic intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). To understand how one signaling molecule can be responsible for triggering two opposing forms of synaptic modulation, different postsynaptic [Ca2+]i elevation patterns were generated by a new caged calcium compound nitrophenyl-ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid in CA1 pyramidal cells. We found that specific patterns of [Ca2+]i elevation selectively activate LTP or LTD. In particular, only LTP was triggered by a brief increase of [Ca2+]i with relatively high magnitude, which mimics the [Ca2+]i rise during electrical stimulation typically used to induce LTP. In contrast, a prolonged modest rise of [Ca2+]i reliably induced LTD. An important implication of the results is that both the amplitude and the duration of an intracellular chemical signal can carry significant biological information. (+info)

Selective pruning of more active afferents when cat visual cortex is pharmacologically inhibited. (6/7650)

Activity-dependent competition is thought to guide the normal development of specific patterns of neural connections. Such competition generally favors more active inputs, making them larger and stronger, while less active inputs become smaller and weaker. We pharmacologically inhibited the activity of visual cortical cells and measured the three-dimensional structure of inputs serving the two eyes when one eye was occluded. The more active inputs serving the open eye actually became smaller than the deprived inputs from the occluded eye, which were similar to those in normal animals. These findings demonstrate in vivo that it is not the amount of afferent activity but the correlation between cortical and afferent activity that regulates the growth or retraction of these inputs. (+info)

Expression of the rat homologue of the Drosophila fat tumour suppressor gene. (7/7650)

We have sequenced and defined the expression during rat embryogenesis of the protocadherin fat, the murine homologue of a Drosophila tumour suppressor gene. As previously described for human fat, the sequence encodes a large protocadherin with 34 cadherin repeats, five epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats containing a single laminin A-G domain and a putative transmembrane portion followed by a cytoplasmic sequence. This cytoplasmic sequence shows homology to the b-catenin binding regions of classical cadherin cytoplasmic tails and also ends with a PDZ domain-binding motif. In situ hybridization studies at E15 show that fat is predominately expressed in fetal epithelial cell layers and in the CNS, although expression is also seen in tongue musculature and condensing cartilage. Within the CNS, expression is seen in the germinal regions and in areas of developing cortex, and this neural expression pattern is also seen at later embryonic (E18) and postnatal stages. No labelling was seen in adult tissues except in the CNS, where the remnant of the germinal zones, as well as the dentate gyrus, continue to express fat. (+info)

Synaptic plasticity: regulated translation in dendrites. (8/7650)

Synaptic activity can induce neurons to synthesize proteins important for cognition and brain development. Recent results suggest this activity-induced protein synthesis is partially mediated by regulated translation within neuronal dendrites. (+info)

Single Neurons, Populations, Plasticity. Cambridge University Press. Latham, P. E., B. J. Richmond, P. G. Nelson, and S. ... 2000). "Intrinsic Dynamics in Neuronal Networks. I. Theory". Journal of Neurophysiology. 88 (2): 808-27. CS1 maint: Multiple ... 2000). "Intrinsic Dynamics in Neuronal Networks. I. Theory". Journal of Neurophysiology. 88 (2): 808-27. CS1 maint: Multiple ... 2000). "Intrinsic Dynamics in Neuronal Networks. I. Theory". Journal of Neurophysiology. 88 (2): 808-27. CS1 maint: Multiple ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta_model

Turrigiano, G. G. (1999). "Homeostatic plasticity in neuronal networks: The more things change, the more they stay the same". ... Hebbian plasticity and homeostatic plasticity have a hand-in-glove relationship. Neurons use Hebbian plasticity mechanisms to ... Turrigiano, G. G.; Nelson, S. B. (2000). "Hebb and homeostasis in neuronal plasticity". Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 10 (3 ... Since homeostatic plasticity normalizes the synaptic strengths of all neurons in a network, the overall neural network activity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_scaling

... computational studies of neuronal oscillations and synchronization; neural plasticity; nonlinear dynamical systems theory and ... interests are cognitive neuroscience of attention and consciousness with special emphasis on EEG and MEG studies of neuronal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Ward

... is that there are no memory neuronal elements, but the sensory afferent neuronal elements that are tuned to properties of the ... "Short-term plasticity in auditory cognition". Trends Neurosci. 30 (12): 653-61. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.09.003. PMID 17981345. ... a population of sensory afferent neuronal elements that respond to sound, and; ii) a separate population of memory neuronal ... Ulanovsky, N. (2004). "Neuronal adaptation in cat auditory cortex" (pdf). Jääskeläinen IP, Ahveninen J, Belliveau JW, Raij T, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity

... and brain plasticity in clownfish. Rhodes research interests relate to neuronal plasticity. One interest includes understanding ... Currently, Rhodes has also established a marine biology laboratory to research brain plasticity in clownfish undergoing sex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Rhodes

Benarroch EE (March 2007). "Neurosteroids: endogenous modulators of neuronal excitability and plasticity". Neurology. 68 (12): ... In addition to their actions on neuronal membrane receptors, some of these steroids may also exert effects on gene expression ... Melcangi RC, Celotti F, Martini L (March 1994). "Progesterone 5-alpha-reduction in neuronal and in different types of glial ... Some major known biological functions of neurosteroids include modulation of neural plasticity, learning and memory processes, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosteroid

Lledo, P.-M., Alonso, M. and Grubb, M. S. (2006). Adult neurogenesis and functional plasticity in neuronal circuits. Nature ... Neuritic plaques, that target the outer regions of the cortex, consist of withering neuronal material from a protein, amyloid- ... Many of the contributing factors that may cause sarcopenia include neuronal and hormonal changes, inadequate nutrition, and ... Mühlig-Versen, A., Bowen, C. E., & Staudinger, U. M. (2012). Personality plasticity in later adulthood: Contextual and personal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_development

"Role of BDNF epigenetics in activity-dependent neuronal plasticity". Neuropharmacology. 76 Pt C: 709-18. doi:10.1016/j. ... This also increases the potential for neuronal plasticity. Generally, these antidepressants increase peripheral BDNF levels by ... neuronal plasticity. In rats, it has been shown that individuals less susceptible to depressive behavior have increased binding ... Because MeCP2 can no longer bind to the BDNF promoter and repress transcription, BDNF levels increase and neuronal development ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_of_depression

NgR is implicated in neuronal plasticity and regeneration. Its relative importance in mediating myelin inhibition in vitro and ... such that adult plasticity in the mutant mice resembled normal visual plasticity in juvenile mice brains. This function of NgR ... McGee, A. W.; Yang, Y; Fischer, Q. S.; Daw, N. W.; Strittmatter, S. M. (2005). "Experience-driven plasticity of visual cortex ... While the entire pathway is not fully understood, the relationship between NgR and neuronal outgrowth has been fleshed out. NgR ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulon_4_receptor

Bading, H. (2000-09-01). "Transcription-dependent neuronal plasticity: the nuclear calcium hypothesis". European Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_calcium

Neuronal plasticity, or the capability of the brain to adapt to new requirements, is a prime example of plasticity stressing ... Röder, B. (2006). Blindness: A source and case of neuronal plasticity. In P. Baltes, P. Reuter-Lorenz, & F. Rösler (Eds.), ... Plasticity is imperative to current research because the potential for intervention is derived from the notion of plasticity in ... In the end, neuronal changes to the limbic system and prefrontal cortex which are associated with puberty lead to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Baltes

The current through HCN channels, designated If or Ih, plays a key role in the control of cardiac and neuronal rhythmicity and ... This complexity is believed to affect neural plasticity. Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel Luthi A, McCormick DA. 1998. ... H-current: properties of a neuronal and network pacemaker. Vol. 21. pp 9-12. Kaupp UB, Seifert R. Molecular diversity of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCN_channel

"Mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics in neurodegeneration and neuronal plasticity". Neurobiology of Disease. 90: 3-19. doi: ... Boushel R, Lundby C, Qvortrup K, Sahlin K (October 2014). "Mitochondrial plasticity with exercise training and extreme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_biogenesis

Mocchetti I (2005). "Exogenous gangliosides, neuronal plasticity and repair, and the neurotrophins". Cell Mol Life Sci. 62 (19- ... March 12, 2013). "Neuronal Expression of Glucosylceramide Synthase in Central Nervous System Regulates Body Weight and Energy ... and very low concentrations of a specific ganglioside can induce differentiation of cultured neuronal tumor cells. One NANA ("M ... where inadequate ganglioside expression in mediobasal hypothalamic neurons deregulates neuronal leptin and insulin signaling. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglioside

In 2000, Shatz and colleagues identified Class I MHC molecules as important in neuronal plasticity, a surprising new role for ... Shatz, Carla J (2009). "MHC Class I: An Unexpected Role in Neuronal Plasticity". Neuron. 64 (1): 40-5. doi:10.1016/j.neuron. ... Goddard, C. A; Butts, D. A; Shatz, C. J (2007). "Regulation of CNS synapses by neuronal MHC class I". Proceedings of the ... Kanold, Patrick O; Kim, Yoon A; Grandpre, Tadzia; Shatz, Carla J (2009). "Co-regulation of ocular dominance plasticity and NMDA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carla_J._Shatz

... has important physiological properties and impacts neuronal plasticity and repair mechanisms, and the release of ... Sphingolipidoses Structures of GM1, GM2, GM3 gangliosides Mocchetti I (2005). "Exogenous gangliosides, neuronal plasticity and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM1

Mattson MP (November 2008). "Glutamate and neurotrophic factors in neuronal plasticity and disease". Annals of the New York ... Stimulus-mediated neuronal excitation can lead to NMDA receptor activation, triggering a calcium influx. Through a protein ... Penzes P, Johnson RC, Sattler R, Zhang X, Huganir RL, Kambampati V, Mains RE, Eipper BA (January 2001). "The neuronal Rho-GEF ... The latter also decreases reelin expression in neuronal culture. The TrkB receptor is encoded by the NTRK2 gene and is member ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor

Eccles JC, Ito M, Szentágothai J (1967). The Cerebellum as a Neuronal Machine. Springer-Verlag. The Cerebellum as a Neuronal ... Plasticity: The synapses between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells, and the synapses between mossy fibers and deep nuclear ... Each part of the cortex consists of the same small set of neuronal elements, laid out in a highly stereotyped geometry. At an ... ISBN 0-03-910284-X. Shi Z, Zhang Y, Meek J, Qiao J, Han VZ (2008). "The neuronal organization of a unique cerebellar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum

Hopp, J.Johanna; Fuchs, Albert F (2004). "The characteristics and neuronal substrate of saccadic eye movement plasticity". ... These saccades are generated by a neuronal mechanism that bypasses time-consuming circuits and activates the eye muscles more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccade

GAP43 has been termed a 'growth' or 'plasticity' protein because it is expressed at high levels in neuronal growth cones during ... an intrinsic determinant of neuronal development and plasticity". Trends in Neurosciences. 20 (2): 84-91. doi:10.1016/S0166- ... "Neuronal pathfinding is abnormal in mice lacking the neuronal growth cone protein GAP-43". Cell. 80 (3): 445-52. doi:10.1016/ ... Pp46 was concentrated in neuronal growth cones and was thus postulated to play an important role in brain development. In the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap-43_protein

"Endocytosis of synaptic ADAM10 in neuronal plasticity and Alzheimer's disease". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 123: 2523- ... The presence of the product of this gene in neuronal synapses in conjunction with protein AP2 has been seen in increased ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADAM10

Several studies suggest it has a role in neuronal plasticity. EGR-1 has also been found to regulate the expression of VAMP2 (a ... "A gene for Neuronal Plasticity in the Mammalian Brain: Zif286/Egr1/NGFI-A/Krox-24/TIS-8/ZENK?". Progress in Neurobiology. 74: ... It has a distinct pattern of expression in the brain, and its induction has been shown to be associated with neuronal activity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EGR1

SGK has been to shown to facilitate the expression of long-term potentiation in hippocampal neurons and neuronal plasticity. ... The hydration state of the brain is critical to neuronal function. One way hydration modifies cerebral function is by ... neuronal excitability, and renal sodium excretion. SGK1 has been shown to regulate the following ion channels: Epithelial Na+ ... Synaptic transmission and hippocampal plasticity are both affected by kainate receptors. A lack of SGK may reduce glutamate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGK1

Importantly, these FMRP-binding mRNAs play significant roles in neuronal plasticity. FMRP translational control has been shown ... A mouse model of fragile X mental retardation implicated the involvement of FMRP in synaptic plasticity. Synaptic plasticity ... Huber KM, Gallagher SM, Warren ST, Bear MF (2002). "Altered synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of fragile X mental ... A role for mGluR in synaptic plasticity is further evidenced by the observation of dendritic spine elongation following mGluR ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMR1

This disrupted lamination again implicated cdk5 in neuronal migration and plasticity. Cdk5 is also involved in the regulation ... CDK5 was originally named NCLK (Neuronal CDC2-Like Kinase) due to its similar phosphorylation motif. CDK5 in combination with ... Paglini G, Cáceres A (March 2001). "The role of the Cdk5--p35 kinase in neuronal development". European Journal of Biochemistry ... Rashid T, Banerjee M, Nikolic M (December 2001). "Phosphorylation of Pak1 by the p35/Cdk5 kinase affects neuronal morphology". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_5

In conjunction, LTD and LTP are factors affecting neuronal synaptic plasticity. LTD is thought to result mainly from a decrease ... Long-term depression can be described as either homosynaptic plasticity or heterosynaptic plasticity. Homosynaptic LTD is ... Abraham WC, Bear MF (April 1996). "Metaplasticity: the plasticity of synaptic plasticity". Trends Neurosci. 19 (4): 126-30. doi ... Spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) Neural Facilitation (Short-term plasticity) Neuroplasticity Postsynaptic potential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_depression

Impey S, Obrietan K, Storm DR (1999). "Making new connections: role of ERK/MAP kinase signaling in neuronal plasticity". Neuron ... The 3' UTR of the mRNA contains a cis-acting element required for the localization of Arc to neuronal dendrites, as well as ... Extracellular signaling to neuronal dendrites activates postsynaptic sites to increase Arc levels through a wide variety of ... Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein is a plasticity protein that in humans is ecoded by the ARC gene. It was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity-regulated_cytoskeleton-associated_protein

... neuronal plasticity is a key element. Increasing evidence points to various mental health disorders as a neurophysiological ... problem which inhibits neuronal plasticity. This is called the neurogenic hypothesis of depression. It promises to explain ... Duman, R.S. (2004). "Depression: a case of neuronal life and death?". Biological Psychiatry. 56 (3): 140-5. doi:10.1016/j. ... Most operate on the same principle, which is modulation of monoamines (neurotransmitters) in the neuronal synapse. Some drugs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_psychiatry

Kwon, C. H.; Zhu, X.; Zhang, J.; Baker, S. J. (2003). "mTor is required for hypertrophy of Pten-deficient neuronal soma in vivo ... Frankland, P.W.; O'Brien, C.; Ohno, M.; Kirkwood, A.; Silva, A.J. (2001). "Alpha-CaMKII-dependent plasticity in the cortex is ... Murphy, G.G.; Fedorov, N.B.; Giese, K.P.; Ohno, M.; Friedman, E.; Chen, R.; Silva, A.J. (2004). "Increased neuronal ... Frankland, P.W.; O'Brien, C.; Ohno, M.; Kirkwood, A.; Silva, A.J. (2001). "Alpha-CaMKII-dependent plasticity in the cortex is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcino_J._Silva

December 2004). "Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2 increases neuronal cGMP, synaptic plasticity and memory performance". ... "Hydrolysis of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-stimulated cAMP and cGMP by PDE4 and PDE2 phosphodiesterases in primary neuronal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_2

... leading to altered neuronal plasticity, function, and subsequent behavior. Chromatin remodeling in rodent offspring and altered ... Epigenetic mechanisms as a result of early life stress may be responsible for neuronal and synaptic alterations in the brain. ... Li SC (November 2013). "Neuromodulation and developmental contextual influences on neural and cognitive plasticity across the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgenerational_stress_inheritance

A functional disruption of neuronal control at the neuromuscular level, which seems to be paralleled by a reduction in the ... Kischel, P; Stevens, L; Montel, V; Picquet, F; Mounier, Y (May 2001). "Plasticity of monkey triceps muscle fibers in ... Baldwin, KM (October 1996). "Effects of altered loading states on muscle plasticity: what have we learned from rodents?". ... Roy, RR; Baldwin, KM; Edgerton, VR (1991). "The plasticity of skeletal muscle: effects of neuromuscular activity". Exercise and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_muscle_mass,_strength_and_performance_in_space

The neuronal networks involved in respiratory function are located in the ventral respiratory column (VRC). From rostral to ... Plasticity of the mechanisms involved in respiratory behavior is modulated in part by the pre-Bötzinger complex. Disruption ... This single neuronal network can create multiple respiratory rhythmic patterns and is by itself both necessary and sufficient ... Neuronal discharge patterns are altered during the depressed synaptic inhibition, contributing to the reformation of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Bötzinger_complex

... synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation when talking about neural percolation. A key aspect of percolation is the ... "Leaders of neuronal cultures in a quorum percolation model". Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience. 4. doi:10.3389/fncom. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percolation_(cognitive_psychology)

It has been used not only in the study of neuronal plasticity and information processing but also in drug and toxin effects on ... Nevertheless, plasticity in neuronal networks is a phenomenon that is well-established in the neuroscience community, and one ... Researchers can then thoroughly study learning and plasticity in a realistic context, where the neuronal networks are able to ... The long timelines associated with studying neuronal plasticity (usually on the scale of months) makes extending the lifespan ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultured_neuronal_network

Like other glutamate receptors, mGluRs have been shown to be involved in synaptic plasticity and in neurotoxicity and ... Lea PM, Custer SJ, Vicini S, Faden AI (September 2002). "Neuronal and glial mGluR5 modulation prevents stretch-induced ... Archived 2007-09-15 at the Wayback Machine., University of Bristol Centre for Synaptic Plasticity (2003). Retrieved January 20 ... "Neuroprotective effects of group III mGluR in traumatic neuronal injury". Journal of Neurotrauma. 14 (12): 885-95. doi:10.1089/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor

... , or short-term synaptic depression, is an activity-dependent form of short term synaptic plasticity that ... Therapeutic doses of fluoxetine have been shown to decrease these neuronal fatigue states by inhibiting vesicle release and ... The second form of plasticity disappears with maturation of PP-GCs, although the reversible low frequency depression remains ... synaptic fatigue and its recovery can cause interactions with other neuronal circuits and can affect the kinetics with other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_fatigue

Cannabinoids produce a "marked depression of motor activity" via activation of neuronal cannabinoid receptors belonging to the ... Riedel, G.; Davies, S. N. (2005). "Cannabinoid Function in Learning, Memory and Plasticity". Handbook of Experimental ... Riedel, G.; Davies, S. N. (2005). "Cannabinoid Function in Learning, Memory and Plasticity". Handbook of Experimental ... system and neuronal cultures. Cannabidiol was significantly more protective than either vitamin E or vitamin C. The cannabinoid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis

It has been linked to neuronal plasticity through the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3 (NTRK3) gene. A NTRK3 3'UTR ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-765_microRNA_precursor_family

The complete neuronal wiring diagram of C.elegans - its connectome was achieved. Nothing approaching this level of detail is ... The muscle coordination learned while riding a bicycle is an example of a type of neural plasticity that may take place largely ... Until 1970, however, experimental evidence to support the synaptic plasticity hypothesis was lacking. In 1971 Tim Bliss and ... Computational neurogenetic modeling is concerned with the study and development of dynamic neuronal models for modeling brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

Many of the conspicuous features of aging reflect a decline in neuronal function. Accumulation of DNA damage with age in the ... These genes play central roles in synaptic plasticity, vesicular transport and mitochondrial function. In the brain, promoters ... concluded that DNA damage may reduce the expression of selectively vulnerable genes involved in learning, memory and neuronal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_damage_theory_of_aging

A Cognitive Training Program Based on Principles of Brain Plasticity: Results from the Improvement in Memory with Plasticity- ... Chronic usage of low-dose nicotine in animals has been found to increase the number of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine ... 15-49 Wan, C. Y., & Schlaug, G. (2010). Music making as a tool for promoting brain plasticity across the life span. The ... Xiong, G.L. and Doraiswamy, M. (2009). "Does Meditation Enhance Cognition and Brain Plasticity?" Annals of the New York Academy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_improvement

... as reduction in PDE4B activity improves memory and long-term plasticity in mouse models, possibly supporting further ... "HIV-1 Tat protein down-regulates CREB transcription factor expression in PC12 neuronal cells through a phosphatidylinositol 3- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE4B

... and their synaptic plasticity, which is essentially the neuron's ability to function. For instance, when focused on the motor ... thus modulating neuronal activity. Clinical trials have been used to determine any outstanding harmful effects. Although no ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_pulsed_ultrasound

... neuronal and network plasticity and homeostasis, senescence, the etiology of diverse neurological diseases and neural ... The advancement of neuronal stem cell differentiation and glial fate decisions must be orchestrated timely to determine subtype ... Ballas N.; Mandel G. (2005). "The many faces of REST oversee epigenetic programming of neuronal genes". Current Opinion in ... In adults, cytokines and chemokines affect synaptic plasticity and other ongoing neural processes, which may change in aging ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroimmunology

In a similar manner, one could consider the brain connectome, set of all neuronal connections, as one single entity, thus ... Allen M, Williams G (2011). "Consciousness, plasticity, and connectomics: the role of intersubjectivity in human cognition". ... Sporns, O (2006). "Small-world connectivity, motif composition, and complexity of fractal neuronal connections". Bio Systems. ... "Structural Properties of the Caenorhabditis elegans Neuronal Network". PLoS Computational Biology. 7 (2): e1001066. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectome

It is likely that the growth in neuronal connections is largely due to an interaction with the environment, as there is not ... Garlick, D. (2002). "neural plasticity". Psychological Review. 109 (1): 116-136. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.1.116. Grimshaw, ... As babies, our neuronal connections are completely undifferentiated. Neurons make connections with neighboring neurons, and ... This fits with the model of development of fluid intelligence before age of maturity because the neuronal connections are still ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_and_intelligence

In both cases, the protein is vital for normal neuronal pattern development. Semaphorin-3A is secreted by neurons and ... selectively induced in terminal Schwann cells of a subset of neuromuscular synapses that display limited anatomical plasticity ... Guidance cues, such as Sema3A, induce the collapse and paralysis of neuronal growth cones during development of the nervous ... Sema3A, and the other class 3 semaphorins, contributes to the failure of neuronal regeneration after CNS injury by regulating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEMA3A

Kaplan, MS, "Plasticity After Brain Lesions: `Contemporary Concepts'" Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 69: 984 ... Kaplan, MS & DH Bell, "Neuronal Proliferation in the Nine Month Old Rodent; Radioautographic Study of Granule Cells in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kaplan_(biologist)

Channel noise is the variability in neuronal responses that is generated by the random gating of voltage-gated ion channels ... If weak signals cannot be enhanced with existing noise, synaptic plasticity is compromised, and memory and personality will be ... A diminished signal can be detrimental to a cell if neuronal maintenance is disrupted, or more importantly a necessary ... Next, it would be necessary to understand how external noise interacts with internal neuronal properties more fully to coincide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_noise

Tonegawa's lab discovered that dendritic neuronal spines in the temporal cortex are a likely target for treatment of Fragile X ... The essential role of hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in spatial memory. Cell, 87(7), 1327-1338. ... cellular and neuronal basis of memory formation and retrieval. Tonegawa was born in Nagoya, Japan and attended Hibiya High ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa

... and plasticity in hippocampal neuronal cells". The FASEB Journal. 26 (10): 3980-92. doi:10.1096/fj.12-205757. PMID 22713523. Li ... 2012). "Homocysteinylation of neuronal proteins contributes to folate deficiency-associated alterations of differentiation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_tube_defect

2) ... It deaminates primary and secondary amines that are free in the neuronal cytoplasm but not those bound in storage ... Sabelli, HC; Mosnaim, AD; Vazquez, AJ; Giardina, WJ; Borison, RL; Pedemonte, WA (1976). "Biochemical plasticity of synaptic ... TAAR1 activity appears to depress monoamine transport and limit dopaminergic and serotonergic neuronal firing rates via ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenethylamine

This expression contributes to increased neuronal survival and helps protect against neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. The ... Specifically, lower estrogen levels lead to decreased dendritic spines and improper signaling, inhibiting plasticity of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_beta

"Controlling Neuronal Activity." American Journal of Psychiatry 165:562, May 2008 doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08030444 Zhang, et ... plasticity in neuroscience, and biological diseases in all aspects, in addition, biology focuses and analyzes behavior and all ... Powerful millisecond timescale neuronal inhibition is instigated upon stimulation by the appropriate frequency of light ... Neuronal activity in rat barrel cortex underlying texture discrimination. PLoS Biol, 5(11), e305. Ocampo, T., Knight, K., ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience

... in postmitotic-differentiating neurons of the developmental nervous system and neuronal structures associated with plasticity ... a family of activity-regulated ligands expressed differentially in the nervous system to promote neurite growth and neuronal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRN1

Since different neuronal cell types are neatly organized into layers in the hippocampus, it has frequently been used as a model ... The form of neural plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) was first discovered to occur in the hippocampus and has ... Neuronal loss also occurs as a result of impaired neurogenesis. Another factor that contributes to a smaller hippocampal volume ... Matsumura N, Nishijo H, Tamura R, Eifuku S, Endo S, Ono T (Mar 1999). "Spatial- and task-dependent neuronal responses during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus

Vogel T, Ahrens S, Büttner N, Krieglstein K (2010). "Transforming growth factor beta promotes neuronal cell fate of mouse ... "Rac activation and inactivation control plasticity of tumor cell movement". Cell. 135 (3): 510-23. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.09. ... "Nedd9/Hef1/Cas-L mediates the effects of environmental pollutants on cell migration and plasticity". Oncogene. 28 (41): 3642-51 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEDD9

... which contributes to neuronal cell death. Inhibition of ASIC1a by psalmotoxin significantly decreased ischemic neuronal cell ... "The acid-activated ion channel ASIC contributes to synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory". Neuron. 34 (3): 463-77. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalmotoxin

2006 Neuronal Plasticity Prize, IPSEN Foundation, 2004 Marta Philipson Award in Pediatrics, Philipson Foundation for Research, ... Current work in Zoghbi's lab strives to determine specific neuronal populations that contribute to phenotypes observed in MECP2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huda_Zoghbi

Activity-dependent plasticity of neuronal excitability a role for short-term modulation of voltage-gated ion channels in ... CHAPTER 2 Homeostatic scaling of neuronal excitability by synaptic modulation of somatic hyperpolarization-activated Ih ...

http://dare.uva.nl/search?metis.record.id=224262

The work, which appears in the journal Cell, focuses on the regulation of neuronal plasticity--changes in neuronal structure ... They also identified the protein that drives these rhythms in neuronal plasticity: Rho1. Moreover, they found that plasticity ... Changing clocks and changing seasons: Scientists find role for neuronal plasticity News Jul 31, 2015 ... Neuronal plasticity underpins learning and memory, but it is very challenging to tie changes in specific neurons to alterations ...

https://www.technologynetworks.com/proteomics/news/changing-clocks-and-changing-seasons-scientists-find-role-neuronal-plasticity-283443

... regulators of brain plasticity and protectors against neuronal damage. by Cordian Beyer et al. ... Steroids in the brain: regulators of brain plasticity and protectors against neuronal damage.. *. Cordian Beyer, Gabriele M ... article{Beyer2012SteroidsIT, title={Steroids in the brain: regulators of brain plasticity and protectors against neuronal ... Estradiol rapidly modulates synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons: Involvement of kinase networks.. *Yoshitaka Hasegawa, ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Steroids-in-the-brain%3A-regulators-of-brain-plastic-Beyer-Rune/5d125ea5f52e833760bff8f716dcc2ef649669b7

Experience-dependent plasticity acts via GluR1 and a novel neuronal nitric oxide synthase-dependent synaptic mechanism in adult ... Experience-dependent plasticity acts via GluR1 and a novel neuronal nitric oxide synthase-dependent synaptic mechanism in adult ... Synaptic plasticity in the layer IV to II/III pathway in vitro mirrored the results in vivo, in that LTP was present in GluR1/ ... Synaptic plasticity directs development of the nervous system and is thought to underlie memory storage in adult animals. A ...

http://orca-mwe.cf.ac.uk/24326/

The chromatin landscape of neuronal plasticity.. Herre M1, Korb E2. ... Here, we review recent advances in chromatin regulation that contribute to synaptic plasticity and drive adaptive behaviors ... Examining the links between neuronal activity, transcriptional output, and synaptic function offers unique insights into how ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31174107

... ranging from the basic neuronal machinery that implements synaptic and neuronal plasticity - i.e. elementary building blocks of ... Neuronal Plasticity, Learning, and Memory. Who we are as human individuals is determined to a large degree by the sum-total of ... Our multidisciplinary, multi-level experimental approach to neuronal plasticity, learning and memory encompasses a spectrum of ... systems that encode and store memory - to the concerted activity of neuronal circuits that encode and maintain experience- ...

https://www.weizmann.ac.il/neurobiology/research-groups/neuronal-plasticity-learning-and-memory

Calmodulin-kinases: modulators of neuronal development and plasticity.. Wayman GA1, Lee YS, Tokumitsu H, Silva AJ, Soderling TR ... Neuronal Activity. Continued dendritic arborization (total length ,1000 μm) via neuronal activity requires Ca2+ influx through ... Neuronal activity, via Ca2+ influx through the NMDAR, can activate both CaMKII and CaMKK/CaMKI. (Left side) CaMKII is complexed ... Downstream targets of CaMKIα in this system remain to be identified-potential candidates are discussed in the text (Neuronal ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18817731?dopt=Abstract

TMS-induced neuronal plasticity enables targeted remodeling of visual cortical maps. Vladislav Kozyrev, Robert Staadt, Ulf T. ... TMS-induced neuronal plasticity enables targeted remodeling of visual cortical maps. Vladislav Kozyrev, Robert Staadt, Ulf T. ... TMS-induced neuronal plasticity enables targeted remodeling of visual cortical maps Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a ... TMS-induced neuronal plasticity enables targeted remodeling of visual cortical maps. Vladislav Kozyrev, Robert Staadt, Ulf T. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/115/25/6476

Neural Plasticity publishes research and review articles from the entire range of relevant disciplines, including basic ... Open Access journal that publishes articles related to all aspects of neural plasticity, with special emphasis on its ... GABAergic Neuronal Precursor Grafting: Implications in Brain Regeneration and Plasticity. Manuel Alvarez Dolado1 and Vania ... To receive news and publication updates for Neural Plasticity, enter your email address in the box below. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2011/384216/cta/

... have shown that synaptic levels of the protein clathrin are a determinant factor for synaptic plasticity of neurons. ... The vesicular cycle must adapt to constant changes in neuronal activity, and thus is a determinant of neuronal plasticity. The ... researchers-discover-that-synaptic-levels-of-clathrin-protein-are-important-for-neuronal-plasticity ... Synaptic levels of clathrin protein are important for neuronal plasticity. IDIBELL-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-06/ibri-slo061914.php

... suggesting that it might be involved in neuronal plasticity [10].. *Persistent neuronal plasticity, including that observed at ... Methamphetamine-induced deficits of brain monoaminergic neuronal markers: distal axotomy or neuronal plasticity. Guilarte, T.R ... Methamphetamine-induced deficits of brain monoaminergic neuronal markers: distal axotomy or neuronal plasticity [38]. ... Apolipoprotein E and neuronal plasticity following experimental de-afferentation and in Alzheimers disease. Danik, M., Poirier ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/mesh/e/6444.html

Neural Plasticity publishes research and review articles from the entire range of relevant disciplines, including basic ... Open Access journal that publishes articles related to all aspects of neural plasticity, with special emphasis on its ... Morphogenetic Plasticity of Neuronal Elements in Cerebellar Glomeruli during Deafferentation-Induced Synaptic Reorganization. ... József Hámori, Robert L. Jakab, and József Takács, "Morphogenetic Plasticity of Neuronal Elements in Cerebellar Glomeruli ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/1997/106246/cta/

... Neurobiol Dis. 2016 Jun;90:3-19. doi: ... Accordingly, inactivation of the main actors of mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics is associated with defects in neuronal ... we present the central actors of mitochondrial fusion and fission and review the role of mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal ... development, plasticity and functioning, both ex vivo and in vivo. Here, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26494254/?dopt=Abstract

INFLAMMATION AND NEURONAL PLASTICITY: A LINK BETWEEN CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND DEPRESSION PATHOGENESIS in DOAJ. DOAJ is an online ... INFLAMMATION AND NEURONAL PLASTICITY: A LINK BETWEEN CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND DEPRESSION PATHOGENESIS. Frontiers in Cellular ...

https://doaj.org/article/650cdcf824204eeca0858fe5a04c668a

... ranging from changes in gene expression and epigenetic processes to aberrant synaptic plasticity to volumetric changes in ... ranging from changes in gene expression and epigenetic processes to aberrant synaptic plasticity to volumetric changes in ... ranging from changes in gene expression and epigenetic processes to aberrant synaptic plasticity to volumetric changes in ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/2523/neuronal-and-glial-structural-plasticity-induced-by-drugs-of-abuse

Synapse- and Stimulus-Specific Local Translation During Long-Term Neuronal Plasticity. By Dan Ohtan Wang, Sang Mok Kim, Yali ... Synapse- and Stimulus-Specific Local Translation During Long-Term Neuronal Plasticity. By Dan Ohtan Wang, Sang Mok Kim, Yali ... Synapse- and Stimulus-Specific Local Translation During Long-Term Neuronal Plasticity Message Subject. (Your Name) has ... To directly visualize translation at the level of individual synapses during long-term, learning-related neuronal plasticity, ...

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/324/5934/1536?ijkey=b4b171e3c85dc88262771da3a5025fd56aaee966&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Neuronal Activity and Adenylyl Cyclase in Environment-Dependent Plasticity of Axonal Outgrowth in Drosophila. Yi Zhong and Chun ... Neuronal Activity and Adenylyl Cyclase in Environment-Dependent Plasticity of Axonal Outgrowth in Drosophila ... Neuronal Activity and Adenylyl Cyclase in Environment-Dependent Plasticity of Axonal Outgrowth in Drosophila ... Neuronal Activity and Adenylyl Cyclase in Environment-Dependent Plasticity of Axonal Outgrowth in Drosophila ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/24/6/1439

... J Neurochem ... to be the result of a cellular stress response that stimulates the production of proteins that enhance neuronal plasticity and ... The profound influences of the quantity and timing of food intake on neuronal function and vulnerability to disease have ... Moreover, DR can stimulate the production of new neurons from stem cells (neurogenesis) and can enhance synaptic plasticity, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12558961/

A Novel Role for Protein Synthesis in Long-Term Neuronal Plasticity: Maintaining Reduced Postburst Afterhyperpolarization. ... We suggest that, much like synaptic plasticity, activity-induced long-lasting modulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability ... A Novel Role for Protein Synthesis in Long-Term Neuronal Plasticity: Maintaining Reduced Postburst Afterhyperpolarization ... A Novel Role for Protein Synthesis in Long-Term Neuronal Plasticity: Maintaining Reduced Postburst Afterhyperpolarization ...

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/12/4338

Chan-Palay V. (1977) The Dynamic Nature of Neuron Connections: Neuronal Plasticity and Spontaneous Degeneration in the Normal ... The Dynamic Nature of Neuron Connections: Neuronal Plasticity and Spontaneous Degeneration in the Normal Cerebellum. ... A systematic analysis of this type begins with the definition of the most obvious neuronal elements-the perikarya of all ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-66498-4_7

Rodent models of social stress and neuronal plasticity: relevance to depressive-like disorders.. Title. Rodent models of social ... Moderate to severe social stress appears to stimulate plasticity and neuronal growth in regions of the amygdala, whereas the ... Rodent models of social stress and neuronal plasticity: relevance to depressive-like disorders.. ... Rodent models of social stress and neuronal plasticity: relevance to depressive-like disorders. ...

https://www.ncbs.res.in/content/rodent-models-social-stress-and-neuronal-plasticity-relevance-depressive-disorders

Antibodies for proteins involved in positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity pathways, according to their ... Antibodies for proteins involved in positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity pathways; according to their ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/antibody/primary/panther/positive%20regulation%20of%20long-term%20neuronal%20synaptic%20plasticity

Shamma receives NIH grant to study spectro-temporal plasticity in the brains neuronal networks. Professor Shihab Shamma (ECE/ ... This kind of plasticity would likely involve a selective functional reshaping of the underlying cortical circuitry to sculpt ... They will extend studies of task-related plasticity in the auditory cortex to a variety of new tasks involving speech stimuli, ... lead to progress in understanding the interactions within an extended neuronal network that give rise to adaptive plasticity. ...

https://www.isr.umd.edu/news/news_story.php?id=8476

Understanding the signal filtering properties of this short-term plasticity (STP) is a challenge and requires theoretical ...

https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005634

... to control neuronal development and plasticity. In spite of this important role, very little is known about additional proteins ... a useful starting point to investigate genes that interact with AP-1 in vivo to regulate neuronal development and plasticity. ... Screen in Drosophila Identifies Neuronal Roles of GSK-3β/shaggy as a Regulator of AP-1-Dependent Developmental Plasticity ... Overexpression Screen in Drosophila Identifies Neuronal Roles of GSK-3β/shaggy as a Regulator of AP-1-Dependent Developmental ...

http://www.genetics.org/content/180/4/2057.abstract

Review Article: Phenotypic Plasticity of the Brain Neuronal networks and synaptic plasticity: understanding complex system ... Review Article: Phenotypic Plasticity of the Brain Neuronal networks and synaptic plasticity: understanding complex system ... Review Article: Phenotypic Plasticity of the Brain Neuronal networks and synaptic plasticity: understanding complex system ... Neuronal networks and synaptic plasticity: understanding complex system dynamics by interfacing neurons with silicon ...

https://jeb.biologists.org/content/209/12/2312

Neuronal plasticity of human Whartons jelly mesenchymal stromal cells to the dopaminergic cell type compared with human bone ... Thus the focus of this study was to estimate the neuronal plasticity of WJ MSC to the dopaminergic (DA) cell type in comparison ... and the neuronal plasticity of human WJ MSC is comparable with that of BM MSC. ... For neuronal differentiation, MSC were exposed to developmentally relevant cues for midbrain DA neurons: sonic hedgehog (SHH) ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21696238

Plasticity and stability in neuronal output via changes in intrinsic excitability: its whats inside that counts ... Plasticity and stability in neuronal output via changes in intrinsic excitability: its whats inside that counts ... Plasticity and stability in neuronal output via changes in intrinsic excitability: its whats inside that counts ... Plasticity and stability in neuronal output via changes in intrinsic excitability: its whats inside that counts ...

http://jeb.biologists.org/content/209/24/4821

Disease-associated mutations in Niemann-Pick type C1 alter ER calcium signaling and neuronal plasticity. Scott A. Tiscione, ... Disease-associated mutations in Niemann-Pick type C1 alter ER calcium signaling and neuronal plasticity ...

http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2019/10/09/jcb.201903018/review-history

Neuronal plasticity and dendritic spines: effect of environmental enrichment on intact and postischemic rat brain.. Johansson, ... physiopathology, *Neuronal Plasticity, Rats, Inbred SHR, Support, Non-U.S. Govt. in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and ... Neuronal Plasticity,Rats,Inbred SHR,Support,Non-U.S. Govt}, language = {eng}, number = {1}, pages = {89--96}, publisher = { ... Neuronal plasticity and dendritic spines: effect of environmental enrichment on intact and postischemic rat brain.}, url = { ...

https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/106516

HIP/PAP prevents excitotoxic neuronal death and promotes plasticity Author(s) Haldipur, P. Dupuis, N. Degos, V. Moniaux, N. ... HIP/PAP prevents excitotoxic neuronal death and promotes plasticity. Haldipur, P, Dupuis, N, Degos, V, Moniaux, N, Chhor, V, ... HIP/PAP prevents excitotoxic neuronal death and promotes plasticity, Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, vol. 1, ... HIP/PAP prevented the formation of cortical and white matter lesions and reduced neuronal death and glial activation following ...

http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:50722

... and functional plasticities that occur within the dopamine brain reward system, including the nucleus accumbens and ventral ... July Newsletter: Rho-family GTPases, Neuronal Plasticity, and Depression. * By Cytoskeleton Inc. ... Dysfunctional neurophysiology and plasticity in these nuclei likely contribute to some of the symptoms of MDD, specifically ... D1R-expressing (but not D2R) accumbal neurons also display reduced dendritic arborization (morphological plasticity), an ...

https://www.cytoskeleton.com/blog/rho-family-gtpases-neuronal-plasticity-and-depression/

... synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis and how that in ... Neuronal Plasticity and Brain Function : This book reviews ... Sleep, Neuronal Plasticity and Brain Function De Ruth M. Benca, Peter Meerlo, Ted Abel ... synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis and how that in turn is linked to learning and memory processes. In addition, readers will ... synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis and how that in turn is linked to learning and memory processes. In addition, readers will ...

http://www.youscribe.com/catalogue/livres/savoirs/sciences-formelles/sleep-neuronal-plasticity-and-brain-function-2855474

Neuronal plasticity underpins learning and memory, but it is very challenging to tie changes in specific neurons to alterations in animal behavior,' explains Justin Blau, the paper's senior author and a professor in the New York University (NYU) Department of Biology and at NYU Abu Dhabi. (technologynetworks.com)
In our research, we've discovered how plasticity of a very small number of neurons helps run the biological clock and aids transitions to different seasons. (technologynetworks.com)
Estradiol rapidly modulates synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons: Involvement of kinase networks. (semanticscholar.org)
These combined experiments strongly suggest that synaptic plasticity and more specifically Long Term Potentiation (LTP) triggers a rapid and sustained loss of cholesterol in neurons. (europa.eu)
Neuroplasticity, or neural plasticity, allows neurons to regenerate both anatomically as well as functionally, and to form new synaptic connections. (cognifit.com)
Revisiting the neural circuit and re-establishing neuronal transmission between the implicated neurons at each new attempt enhances the efficiency of synaptic transmission. (cognifit.com)
Whereas synaptic plasticity is achieved through enhancing communication at the synaptic site between existing neurons, neurogenesis refers to the birth and proliferation of new neurons in the brain. (cognifit.com)
The term "neuroplasticity" was first used by Polish neuroscientist Jerzy Konorski in 1948 to describe observed changes in neuronal structure (neurons are the cells that make up our brains), although it wasn't widely used until the 1960s. (positivepsychology.com)
How a developing neuron becomes an active participant in a circuit or whether this process is activity dependent is not known, especially as spike-dependent plasticity mechanisms would not be available to non-spiking neurons. (ox.ac.uk)

I. Synaptic Plasticity (Excitatory spine synapses) Changes in synaptic strength are important for formation of memory. (slideserve.com)
Thus, understanding the highly elastic nature - or the ' plasticity ' - of synapses is critical to uncovering how the brain converts our individual experiences into lasting memories. (aston.ac.uk)
In this framework, the ultrastructural changes of the inhibitory synapses during plasticity have been poorly investigated. (edu.sa)

This brain plasticity is useful for neural development and learning, but also comes into play when the nervous system is damaged. (technologynetworks.com)

Here we show that adaptive patterns of limb usage after amputation drive cortical plasticity. (ox.ac.uk)

The work, which appears in the journal Cell , focuses on the regulation of 'neuronal plasticity'--changes in neuronal structure--and its function in the brain. (technologynetworks.com)
Regional Specificity of GABAergic Regulation of Cross-Modal Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex after Unilateral Enucleation. (technologynetworks.com)

We discovered that place fields in hippocampal area CA1 are produced by a synaptic potentiation notably different from Hebbian plasticity. (janelia.org)

This permissive form of experience-dependent plasticity enables a neuron to start contributing to circuit function. (ox.ac.uk)

Sensory-Evoked Spiking Behavior Emerges via an Experience-Dependent Plasticity Mechanism. (ox.ac.uk)

Forebrain-specific loss of synaptic GABAA receptors results in altered neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity in mice. (edu.sa)

Although the molecular mechanisms underlying glutamatergic synaptic plasticity have been extensively investigated and described, those responsible for inhibitory synaptic plasticity are only beginning to be unveiled. (edu.sa)

However, the idea goes back even farther (Demarin, Morović, & Béne, 2014)-the "father of neuroscience," Santiago Ramón y Cajal, talked about "neuronal plasticity" in the early 1900s (Fuchs & Flügge, 2014). (positivepsychology.com)

Steroids in the brain: regulators of brain plasticity and protectors against neuronal damage. (semanticscholar.org)
article{Beyer2012SteroidsIT, title={Steroids in the brain: regulators of brain plasticity and protectors against neuronal damage. (semanticscholar.org)
Brain plasticity refers to the capacity of the nervous system to change its structure and its function over a lifetime, in reaction to environmental diversity. (cognifit.com)
Brain plasticity, or neuroplasticity, is the ability for the brain to recover and restructure itself. (cognifit.com)
Researchers show that brain plasticity activated and strengthens applying this clinical intervention exercise program. (cognifit.com)
For a very long time the notion of continued neuronal birth in the adult brain was considered heretic. (cognifit.com)
And yet, you would expect more plasticity in younger animals, because the brain undergoes major transformations during adolescence. (technologynetworks.com)
Arm-amputation involves two powerful drivers for brain plasticity-sensory deprivation and altered use. (ox.ac.uk)
Our results demonstrate how experience-driven plasticity in the human brain can transcend boundaries that have been thought to limit reorganisation after sensory deprivation in adults. (ox.ac.uk)

Here we tested whether NMDA receptor activation during synaptic plasticity would also be able to regulate cholesterol levels. (europa.eu)

Learning is primarily mediated by activity-dependent modifications of synaptic strength within neuronal circuits. (janelia.org)

Both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic contacts display activity dependent dynamic changes in their efficacy that are globally termed synaptic plasticity. (edu.sa)

The KU Leuven researchers discovered that cross-modal plasticity is age-dependent in an unexpected way: "In adult mice both the remaining eye and the whiskers compensate for the lack of vision in one eye. (technologynetworks.com)
In adult mice, indiplon suppressed cross-modal plasticity: the lack of vision in one eye was compensated by the remaining eye, but not by the whiskers. (technologynetworks.com)

This plasticity efficiently stores entire behavioral sequences within synaptic weights to produce predictive place cell activity. (janelia.org)

This unusual type of neuronal plasticity suggests that the function of s-LNvs changes dramatically over the day: from mainly sending signals at dawn to mainly receiving signals at dusk. (technologynetworks.com)

Examining the links between neuronal activity, transcriptional output, and synaptic function offers unique insights into how neurons adapt to changing environments and form memories. (nih.gov)
Here, we review recent advances in chromatin regulation that contribute to synaptic plasticity and drive adaptive behaviors through dynamic and precise regulation of transcription output in neurons. (nih.gov)
Researchers of the group of cellular and molecular neurobiology of the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and the University of Barcelona, led by researcher Artur Llobet, have shown that synaptic levels of the protein clathrin are a determinant factor for synaptic plasticity of neurons. (eurekalert.org)
Moreover, DR can stimulate the production of new neurons from stem cells (neurogenesis) and can enhance synaptic plasticity, which may increase the ability of the brain to resist aging and restore function following injury. (nih.gov)
Learning-induced reduction in the postburst afterhyperpolarization (AHP), which results with enhanced neuronal excitability and decreased spike frequency adaptation, is apparent in hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Intense synaptic activation induces AHP reduction and enhanced neuronal excitability in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. (jneurosci.org)
While there has been extensive research to define the cellular and molecular basis of synaptic plasticity, at the level of either pairs of neurons or smaller networks, analysis of larger neuronal ensembles has proved technically challenging. (biologists.org)
Here we describe recent breakthroughs in the area of various bionic hybrids whereby neuronal networks have been successfully interfaced with silicon devices to monitor the output of synaptically connected neurons. (biologists.org)
This form of synaptic plasticity has been the main focus of neuroscience research over the past decade and has provided greater insights into both cellular and molecular mechanisms by which synapses between subsets of neurons can be altered. (biologists.org)
The network plasticity can be considered as the sum of individually summated synaptic changes that occur in groups of functionally related neurons. (biologists.org)
For neuronal differentiation, MSC were exposed to developmentally relevant cues for midbrain DA neurons: sonic hedgehog (SHH) and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), along with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). (nih.gov)
We are only beginning to understand how neural networks strike a balance between altering individual neurons in the name of plasticity, while maintaining long-term stability in neural system function. (biologists.org)
Because of their fundamental role in generating neuronal output, it is not surprising that alterations in the properties, spatial distribution, or abundance of these ion channels can result in considerable plasticity for neurons and the networks to which they belong. (biologists.org)
D1R-expressing (but not D2R) accumbal neurons also display reduced dendritic arborization (morphological plasticity), an important parameter in excitatory neurotransmission for the MSNs as dendritic spines are the primary site of excitatory synapses 8,10-12,19,20 . (cytoskeleton.com)
Neuronal plasticity underpins learning and memory, but it is very challenging to tie changes in specific neurons to alterations in animal behavior,' explains Justin Blau, the paper's senior author and a professor in the New York University (NYU) Department of Biology and at NYU Abu Dhabi. (technologynetworks.com)
In our research, we've discovered how plasticity of a very small number of neurons helps run the biological clock and aids transitions to different seasons. (technologynetworks.com)
Estradiol rapidly modulates synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons: Involvement of kinase networks. (semanticscholar.org)
show that homeostatic synaptic plasticity, the mechanism responsible for optimization of neuronal network activity, was abolished in human neurons generated from fragile X patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. (sciencemag.org)
For proper neuronal network formation excitatory and inhibitory neurons as well as glia need to co-develop. (uni-goettingen.de)
Bioengineered Neuronal Organoids (BENOs) comprise interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons with supportive astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (uni-goettingen.de)
These findings further our knowledge about the regulation of neuronal plasticity by astrocytes outside the neuron, as well as the regulation of plasticity from within the nuclei of the neurons themselves. (umaryland.edu)
The instructive aspect of this registration is that it is actively maintained by plasticity mechanisms: When the visual field of owls is chronically shifted by prisms, neurons in ICX and OT develop a shift in their auditory receptive fields that corresponds to the visual field displacement ( 10 , 11 ). (pnas.org)
Plasticity is the ability for the nervous system, more specifically neurons, and their synapses to modify their function and morphology due to experiences, which in turn correlate with changes in behavior. (ric.edu)
Although there is a decline in brain plasticity across lifespan, neurons in certain areas of the adult brain retain the ability to undergo synaptic, dendritic and spine remodeling in response to different stimuli. (uv.es)
Moreover, recent evidences indicate that changes in the structure and connectivity of neurons in the mPFC may also underlie the pathogenesis of these diseases and that pharmacological treatments may revert these changes by enhancing the plasticity of neuronal connections. (uv.es)
Although most of the studies on neuronal structural plasticity have been focused on principal neurons, there is abundant evidence that, in these psychiatric and neurological disorders, interneurons and cortical inhibitory networks show abnormalities. (uv.es)
We are currently investigating whether Rac is an important molecule involved post-developmentally in synaptic plasticity in the adult mice, playing a role in the neuro-anatomical and cyto-architectural changes of neurons and in the activation of signal transduction pathways associated with LTP and hippocampal learning and memory. (uh.edu)
In neuroscience, homeostatic plasticity refers to the capacity of neurons to regulate their own excitability relative to network activity, a compensatory adjustment that occurs over the timescale of days. (wikipedia.org)
Homeostatic plasticity can be used to term a process that maintains the stability of neuronal functions through a coordinated plasticity among subcellular compartments, such as the synapses versus the neurons and the cell bodies versus the axons. (wikipedia.org)
Although multiple neurons can receive a stimulus, only a subset of the neurons will induce the necessary plasticity for memory encoding. (wikipedia.org)
The selection of this subset of neurons is termed neuronal allocation. (wikipedia.org)
Neuronal allocation is a phenomenon that accounts for how specific neurons in a network, and not others that receive similar input, are committed to storing a specific memory. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, we have deleted Brg1 specifically in neurons and discovered that Brg1 is required for synapse development and MEF2-mediated activity-induced gene expression and synapse plasticity. (utsouthwestern.edu)
They are highly 'plastic', changing the way they transmit information between neurons in response to specific patterns of neuronal activity. (iit.it)
Here, we demonstrate that mRNA encoding a member of the regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) family, RGS2, is rapidly induced in neurons of the hippocampus, cortex, and striatum in response to stimuli that evoke plasticity. (unthsc.edu)

This `homeostatic plasticity' has more recently been implicated as a mechanism of stabilizing neuronal function. (biologists.org)
It is these three aspects of plasticity in neuronal excitability in mature nervous systems that will be discussed in this review: long-term potentiation and depression of intrinsic excitability, homeostatic plasticity of neuronal excitability, and changes in excitability following perturbation of afferent input. (biologists.org)
We can now probe the role of TNFα and homeostatic plasticity in the nervous system. (mcgill.ca)
Removing TNFα signaling interferes with the ocular dominance plasticity observed in the visual cortex following monocular deprivation, suggesting a role for homeostatic plasticity in this process. (mcgill.ca)
TNFα-dependent homeostatic plasticity defines an intrinsic neuronal function for a pro-inflammatory signaling molecule and suggests that immune signaling molecules serve novel functions in the normal functioning of the nervous system. (mcgill.ca)
Synaptic scaling has been proposed as a potential mechanism of homeostatic plasticity. (wikipedia.org)
Homeostatic plasticity is thought to balance Hebbian plasticity by modulating the activity of the synapse or the properties of ion channels. (wikipedia.org)
Homeostatic plasticity in neocortical circuits has been studied in depth by Gina G. Turrigiano and Sacha Nelson of Brandeis University, who first observed compensatory changes in excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) after chronic activity manipulations. (wikipedia.org)
Homeostatic plasticity also maintains neuronal excitability in a real-time manner through the coordinated plasticity of threshold and refractory period at voltage-gated sodium channels. (wikipedia.org)
As postdoctoral fellow, he specialized in synaptic physiology in the laboratory of Dr. Yukiko Goda at the MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology (University College London), where he uncovered the role of cell adhesion in homeostatic plasticity. (iit.it)

In neuropsychiatric disorders like depression structural remodeling involves apoptosis, reduced neurogenesis, and structural remodeling of neuronal dendrites which most likely reflects the latter. (ncbs.res.in)
Here we review key findings from animal models of psychosocial stress that have been used to gain insights into the relation between stress-related behavioral disorders like depression and structural plasticity. (ncbs.res.in)
Such structural changes underlying long-term plasticity are more permanent, require longer time periods to develop and are contingent upon de novo protein synthesis. (biologists.org)
These data implicate RhoB in cofilin regulation and dendritic and spine morphology, highlighting its importance in synaptic plasticity at a structural and functional level. (gla.ac.uk)
These data demonstrate structural plasticity of the MPS and suggest its potential role in early steps of axon degeneration. (elifesciences.org)
In contrast, α2δ2 pharmacological blockade through gabapentin administration promoted corticospinal structural plasticity and regeneration in adulthood. (jci.org)
The similarity of structural and functional properties to the fetal brain may allow for the application of BENOs in studies of neuronal plasticity and modeling of disease. (uni-goettingen.de)
By quantifying neuronal architecture, we observed that s-LNv structural plasticity changes the amount of axonal material in addition to cycles of fasciculation and defasciculation. (nyu.edu)
This neuronal structural plasticity seems to be the basis for many cognitive processes and it is crucial for adaptive responses to aversive experiences and recovery from brain damage and disease. (uv.es)
In consonance with this fact, PSA-NCAM expression, which is very high during brain development, is only retained in adult brain regions that display a high degree of neuronal structural plasticity. (uv.es)
The neuronal cytoskeleton is exquisitely regulated to balance long-term structural maintenance with the ability to make and break connections and repair damage. (sfn.org)
Neuronal circuits in the mammalian visual cortex maintain certain dynamic mechanisms of structural and functional modification in the early postnatal period as well as in adulthood. (plos.org)
The goal of this project is to provide mechanistic insights on how the interplay between integrins and glutamate receptors alters neuronal circuits in autism and depression, and to develop treatments for 'opening a window' of persistent structural normalization of neural circuitries in these pathologies. (iit.it)
The results show both marine compounds do not cause neurotoxic effects and, in addition, they promote structural neuronal plasticity. (eurekalert.org)

Ocular dominance plasticity is a model of activity-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex that has been extensively used to investigate the mechanisms underlying neuronal plasticity. (umaryland.edu)
I used in vivo electrophysiology as well as microscopy and biochemistry techniques to identify novel players in activity-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex. (umaryland.edu)
Tanaka S, Tani T, Ribot J, O'Hashi K, Imamura K (2009) A Postnatal Critical Period for Orientation Plasticity in the Cat Visual Cortex. (plos.org)
In this study, we used these technical improvements to determine the critical period for orientation plasticity in cat primary visual cortex. (plos.org)

We produced T1 knockout mice (KO), which show extensive axon regeneration following spinal cord injury, as well as the loss of onset of ocular dominance plasticity. (ovid.com)
T1KO loses the opening of ocular dominance plasticity. (ovid.com)
My results reveal that the astrocyte-secreted, trans-synaptic bridging protein hevin, as well as three nuclear transcription factors CREB, SRF and MEF2, are indispensable to ocular dominance plasticity. (umaryland.edu)
Additionally, I found that the activation of CREB via phosphorylation at serine 142 and 143 is required for ocular dominance plasticity. (umaryland.edu)

Our multidisciplinary, multi-level experimental approach to neuronal plasticity, learning and memory encompasses a spectrum of cutting-edge methods, ranging from state-of-the-art molecular biology and electrophysiology in animal models to sophisticated psychophysics and behavior, modeling, and the most advanced behavioral protocols and functional neuroimaging of the behaving human brain. (weizmann.ac.il)

The role of the small GTPases-linked genes could provide a connection between the mechanism and the neuronal microstructural deficits observed in these cognitive disorders. (uh.edu)
LTP in VLPO-lesioned animals was partially restored by adenosine antagonists, suggesting that adenosine accumulation in VLPO-lesioned animals could account for some of the observed synaptic plasticity deficits. (biomedsearch.com)
In addition, Sulf1-specific deficits were shown for synaptic plasticity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, associated with a reduced spine density. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Thus, our laboratory is investigating Rac-dependent regulation of neuronal morphology in syndromes presenting impaired cognition. (uh.edu)

The one-year, $320K grant is titled, "Spectro-Temporal Plasticity in Primary Auditory Cortex. (umd.edu)

Since some forms of spinocerebellar ataxia are associated with mutations in human Puratrophin-1, our data support the idea that defective neuronal plasticity underlies loss of motor control and leads to neurodegeneration,' notes Blau. (technologynetworks.com)
The receptor trafficking induced by TNFα underlies homeostatic synaptic plasticity. (mcgill.ca)
This plasticity underlies every event of learning and memory that is crucial to our daily lives. (umaryland.edu)
Since spinocerebellar ataxia is associated with mutations in human Puratrophin-1, our data support the idea that defective actin-related plasticity underlies this ataxia. (nyu.edu)

In short," said Llobet "we showed that clathrin levels are a limiting factor for synaptic transmission, thus contributes to synaptic plasticity. (eurekalert.org)
Let's continue with synaptic transmission and synapitic plasticity. (coursera.org)

Research in Cho group focuses on a wide range of projects from molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the brain to pathological aspects of the central nervous system (CNS) including Alzheimer's disease. (bristol.ac.uk)

It provides an extensive overview of the latest insights in the role of sleep in regulating gene expression, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis and how that in turn is linked to learning and memory processes. (youscribe.com)

The monosynaptic connection formed between SNs and MNs, a central component of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia , can be reconstituted in culture, where well-characterized stimuli elicit forms of plasticity that have direct correlates in the behavior of the animal. (sciencemag.org)
The exact form of this plasticity depends on the behavioral context, and the spectrotemporal features of the salient acoustic stimuli. (umd.edu)
They will extend studies of task-related plasticity in the auditory cortex to a variety of new tasks involving speech stimuli, new behavioral paradigms (contrasting discrimination versus recognition). (umd.edu)
They will also test the idea that top-down influences from frontal areas contribute to the induction of rapid adaptive plasticity in the auditory cortex during auditory tasks, reflecting both the nature of the stimuli and goals of the tasks. (umd.edu)
Unlike other lncRNAs, the induction of eRNA is rapid and transient, and tightly regulated by external stimuli such as neuronal activity. (postech.ac.kr)

In particular, an answer to the question of how the relatively unspecific nature of TMS stimulation leads to specific neuronal reorganization, as well as a detailed picture of TMS-triggered reorganization of functional brain modules, is missing. (pnas.org)
Our study," adds the researcher "questions this dogma because we found that in periods of intense neuronal stimulation, but within physiological levels, presynaptic levels of clathrin decrease reversibly. (eurekalert.org)
The current experimental studies of my group (Experimental Cortical Plasticity) are concerned with the cellular mechanisms of the modulatory action of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). (ruhr-uni-bochum.de)

Preliminary studies from simultaneous neuronal recordings of single units and local field potentials in the auditory and frontal cortex have already led to exciting new insights, and may lead to progress in understanding the interactions within an extended neuronal network that give rise to adaptive plasticity. (umd.edu)

Whole-cell recording from a hippocampal slice Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of almost every neurological disorder, from acute head injury and stroke to most neurodegenerative diseases, and is thought to be a major contributor to the disruption of neuronal function and cell death.However, it remains unclear how the inflammation, driven by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is contributing to the damage. (mcgill.ca)

These results from T1KO mice suggest important roles for extracellular CS in the brain regarding neuronal plasticity and axon regeneration. (ovid.com)

Michael Meaney won the 2012 Fondation IPSEN International Prize in Neuronal Plasticity. (douglas.qc.ca)

In this form of plasticity, either the amount of neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic terminal or its receptor function in the postsynaptic cell is modulated. (biologists.org)
We are interested in exploring other role for this form of plasticity in nervous system function. (mcgill.ca)

First, all of the machinery required for translation is present in neuronal processes, including polyribosomes ( 11 , 12 ), translation factors ( 13 ), and a select population of mRNAs ( 14 - 18 ). (sciencemag.org)

Long-lasting learning-related synaptic plasticity requires transcription for its persistence ( 1 - 3 ) and yet can occur in a synapse-specific manner ( 4 - 7 ). (sciencemag.org)

The waterflea Daphnia is a model to investigate the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity resulting from one differentially expressed genome. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
In conclusion, dopamine is suggested as a key regulator of phenotypic plasticity. (royalsocietypublishing.org)

Is developmental plasticity influenced both by genes and experience? (brainscape.com)

Moreover, the study revealed that the FSIN membrane potential could modulate the expression of the plasticity. (maxplanckflorida.org)
All neuronal and endocrine stimulants were able to modulate but not induce defences, indicating a pathway of interlinked steps. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
On one hand, we study the effects of rTMS on sensory processing itself and the relationship to changes in cortical protein expression, on the other hand, we further test how rTMS can modulate plasticity of the sensory system. (ruhr-uni-bochum.de)

Here, we present the central actors of mitochondrial fusion and fission and review the role of mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal physiology and pathophysiology. (nih.gov)

This book discusses a particular aspect of brain function, that of storage and retrieval of memory of past experience, in terms of neuronal plasticity. (springer.com)
Although axonal impairment has long been known to be devastating for brain function in disease, until recently it was thought that axons showed minimal plasticity in healthy brains. (sfn.org)
This symposium will highlight recent advances in mechanisms controlling axonal function, how these mechanisms are plastic, and how axonal plasticity impacts brain function. (sfn.org)
However, we do not know how this richness influences brain function and synaptic plasticity. (iit.it)

The inhibition of homeostatic synaptic plasticity was mediated by inhibition of retinoic acid signaling. (sciencemag.org)
Simultaneously, TNFα also regulates neuronal inhibition, by causing an endocytosis of the GABA-A receptor, the principle mediator of fast inhibition in the brain. (mcgill.ca)

The neuronal MPS contains molecules homologous to the components of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton ( Bennett and Baines, 2001 ) but adopts a different ultrastructural organization. (elifesciences.org)
As postdoctoral fellow, he joined the laboratory of Dr. Yukiko Goda at the MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology (University College London), where he studied the relationship between synaptic structure and function, uncovering the role of cell adhesion molecules in homeostatic synaptic plasticity. (iit.it)
Long-term neuronal plasticity is known to be dependent on rapid de novo synthesis of mRNA and protein, and recent studies provide insight into the molecules involved in this response. (unthsc.edu)

Long-term synaptic plasticity is impaired in rats with lesions of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. (biomedsearch.com)

Study investigators have sought to determine the role of clathrin in synaptic plasticity. (eurekalert.org)
Second, studies using protein synthesis inhibitors indicate a central role for local translation during long-lasting synaptic plasticity ( 5 , 19 , 20 ). (sciencemag.org)
They will explore plasticity in higher-order auditory cortical fields, and investigate the possible role of top-down signals from frontal cortex in modulating adaptive plasticity in the auditory cortex. (umd.edu)
D2R agonist-induced increases in GAD67 and SYN neuropil expression were blocked when PSA was previously removed, indicating a role for PSA-NCAM in this plasticity. (uv.es)
Also, these induce the growth of the neuronal tree, an aspect of great interest in Alzheimer's disease, where atrophy and dysfunction play a more relevant role in the appearance of symptoms than in neuronal death", notes Albert Giralt. (eurekalert.org)

Findings suggest that early life working memory training regulates shifts in neuronal morphology following neonatal brain injury. (ric.edu)
Indeed, Sano and colleagues in the Silva lab showed that CREB also regulates neuronal memory allocation in the amygdala. (wikipedia.org)
Human LilrB2 is a Beta-Amyloid Receptor and its Murine Homolog PirB Regulates Synaptic Plasticity in an Alzheimer's Model , Kim, T et al. (prezi.com)

during foetal stage, infancy, childhood and adolescence (but it still has plasticity in adulthood). (brainscape.com)

Anatomy48

Organisms11

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Psychiatry and Psychology12

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science2

Health Care2

Modulation of long-term synaptic depression in visual cortex by acetylcholine and norepinephrine. (1/7650)

Activity-dependent metaplasticity of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in the lamprey spinal cord locomotor network. (2/7650)

CRE-mediated gene transcription in neocortical neuronal plasticity during the developmental critical period. (3/7650)

Impairment of neocortical long-term potentiation in mice deficient of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. (4/7650)

Selective induction of LTP and LTD by postsynaptic [Ca2+]i elevation. (5/7650)

Selective pruning of more active afferents when cat visual cortex is pharmacologically inhibited. (6/7650)

Expression of the rat homologue of the Drosophila fat tumour suppressor gene. (7/7650)

Synaptic plasticity: regulated translation in dendrites. (8/7650)

Neuronal Plasticity

Neurons

Hippocampus

Long-Term Potentiation

Synapses

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Brain

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Synaptic Transmission

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate

Learning

Memory

Behavior, Animal

GAP-43 Protein

Cerebral Cortex

Dendritic Spines

Dendrites

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials

Electric Stimulation

Cells, Cultured

Time Factors

Amygdala

Neurogenesis

Nerve Net

Animals, Newborn

Neurites

Action Potentials

Neural Pathways

Signal Transduction

Conditioning, Classical

Receptors, AMPA

Dentate Gyrus

Neuropeptides

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein

Gene Expression Regulation

PC12 Cells

Axons

Rats, Wistar

Immunohistochemistry

Nerve Growth Factors

Maze Learning

Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2

Analysis of Variance

Presynaptic Terminals

Calcium

Receptor, trkB

Electrophysiology

Mice, Transgenic

Mice, Knockout

Disease Models, Animal

Neural Inhibition

Spinal Cord

Cerebellum

Pyramidal Cells

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos

Fear

Conditioning (Psychology)

Glutamic Acid

N-Methylaspartate

Visual Cortex

Patch-Clamp Techniques

Neurotransmitter Agents

Motor Activity

Receptors, Glutamate

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

Kainic Acid

Sensory Deprivation

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Models, Neurological

Phosphorylation

Seizures

Long-Term Synaptic Depression

Calcium Signaling

Aging

Prefrontal Cortex

RNA, Messenger

Dominance, Ocular