Neuromuscular Agents
Drugs used for their actions on skeletal muscle. Included are agents that act directly on skeletal muscle, those that alter neuromuscular transmission (NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS), and drugs that act centrally as skeletal muscle relaxants (MUSCLE RELAXANTS, CENTRAL). Drugs used in the treatment of movement disorders are ANTI-DYSKINESIA AGENTS.
Peripheral Nerves
The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.
Nursing Administration Research
Research concerned with establishing costs of nursing care, examining the relationships between nursing services and quality patient care, and viewing problems of nursing service delivery within the broader context of policy analysis and delivery of health services (from a national study, presented at the 1985 Council on Graduate Education for Administration in Nursing (CGEAN) meeting).
Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Nerve Block
Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation
Pure botulinum neurotoxin is absorbed from the stomach and small intestine and produces peripheral neuromuscular blockade. (1/342)
Clostridium botulinum serotype A produces a neurotoxin composed of a 100-kDa heavy chain and a 50-kDa light chain linked by a disulfide bond. This neurotoxin is part of a ca. 900-kDa complex, formed by noncovalent association with a single nontoxin, nonhemagglutinin subunit and a family of hemagglutinating proteins. Previous work has suggested, although never conclusively demonstrated, that neurotoxin alone cannot survive passage through the stomach and/or cannot be absorbed from the gut without the involvement of auxiliary proteins in the complex. Therefore, this study compared the relative absorption and toxicity of three preparations of neurotoxin in an in vivo mouse model. Equimolar amounts of serotype A complex with hemagglutinins, complex without hemagglutinins, and purified neurotoxin were surgically introduced into the stomach or into the small intestine. In some experiments, movement of neurotoxin from the site of administration was restricted by ligation of the pylorus. Comparison of relative toxicities demonstrated that at adequate doses, complex with hemagglutinins, complex without hemagglutinins, and pure neurotoxin can be absorbed from the stomach. The potency of neurotoxin in complex was greater than that of pure neurotoxin, but the magnitude of this difference diminished as the dosage of neurotoxin increased. Qualitatively similar results were obtained when complex with hemagglutinins, complex without hemagglutinins, and pure neurotoxin were placed directly into the intestine. This work establishes that pure botulinum neurotoxin serotype A is toxic when administered orally. This means that pure neurotoxin does not require hemagglutinins or other auxiliary proteins for absorption from the gastrointestinal system into the general circulation. (+info)Botulinum toxin treatment of hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm: objective response evaluation. (2/342)
Twenty seven patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) and sixteen patients with blepharospasm (BS) having mean Jankovic disability rating scale score of 2.56+0.58 SD and 2.81+0.54 SD, respectively, were treated with botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections. The total number of injection sessions were ninety one with relief response in 98.91%. The mean improvement in function scale score was 3.78+0.64 SD and 3.29+1.07 SD respectively, in HFS and BS groups. The clinical benefit induced by botulinum toxin lasted for a mean of 4.46+3.11 SD (range 2 to 13) months in HFS group and 2.66+1.37 SD (range 1 to 6) months, in BS groups. Transient ptosis was seen in 4.39% of total ninety one injection sessions. These findings show that local botulinum toxin treatment provides effective, safe and long lasting relief of spasms. (+info)Comparison of two different formulations of botulinum toxin A for the treatment of oesophageal achalasia. The Gismad Achalasia Study Group. (3/342)
BACKGROUND: Intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin has been reported as a safe and effective alternative treatment in oesophageal achalasia, especially in high-risk and elderly patients. AIM: : To compare two formulations of botulinum toxin in the management of achalasia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We randomly compared the efficacy and safety of 100 U of Botox (Allergan, Irvine, USA) and 250 U of Dysport (Ipsen, Milan, Italy), injected through a sclerotherapy needle at the level of the lower oesophageal sphincter, in 78 consecutive patients with achalasia. Symptom score, oesophageal manometry and 24 h pH-metry were recorded (before and 1 month after therapy). Symptom score was also obtained 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: One month after treatment, the effects of the toxin on symptoms and oesophageal tests were similar for both formulations. Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure decreased from 31 +/- 12 to 18 +/- 5 mmHg after Botox, and from 35 +/- 9 to 18 +/- 10 after Dysport. At the end of the follow-up period (6 months), symptom score decreased from 5 +/- 1.2 to 1.2 +/- 0.8 after Botox and from 5.2 +/- 1.5 to 1.5 +/- 1 after Dysport. Moreover, the percentages of patients who failed to respond to treatment (10% and 17.5%) and who relapsed during follow-up (12% and 24%) did not differ significantly. No patient complained of reflux symptoms after treatment, although abnormal acid exposure was documented in two subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Both formulations of botulinum toxin have comparable efficacy in the treatment of oesophageal achalasia, for up to 6 months of follow-up. (+info)Expression of Kv1 potassium channels in mouse hippocampal primary cultures: development and activity-dependent regulation. (4/342)
Excitability and discharge behavior of neurons depends on the highly variable expression pattern of voltage-dependent potassium (Kv) channels throughout the nervous system. To learn more about distribution, development, and activity-dependent regulation of Kv channel subunit expression in the rodent hippocampus, we studied the protein expression of members of the Kv1 subfamily in mouse hippocampus in situ and in primary cultures. In adult hippocampus, Kv1 (1-6) channel alpha-subunits were present, whereas at postnatal day 2, none of these proteins could be detected in CA1-CA3 and dentate gyrus. Kv1.1 was the first channel to be observed at postnatal day 6. The delayed postnatal expression and most of the subcellular distribution observed in hippocampal sections were mimicked by cultured hippocampal neurons in which Kv channels appeared only after 10 days in vitro. This developmental upregulation was paralleled by a dramatic increase in total K(+) current, as well as an elevated GABA release in the presence of 4-aminopyridine. Thus, the developmental profile, subcellular localization, and functionality of Kv1 channels in primary culture of hippocampus closely resembles the in situ situation. Impairing secretion by clostridial neurotoxins or blocking activity by tetrodotoxin inhibited the expression of Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.4, whereas the other Kv1 channels still appeared. This activity-dependent depression was only observed before the initial appearance of the respective channels and lost after they had been expressed. Our data show that hippocampal neurons in culture are a convenient model to study the developmental expression and regulation of Kv1 channels. The ontogenetic regulation and the activity-dependent expression of Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.4 indicate that neuronal activity plays a crucial role for the development of the mature Kv channel pattern in hippocampal neurons. (+info)Neuromuscular function of the human lower oesophageal sphincter in reflux disease and Barrett's oesophagus. (5/342)
BACKGROUND: Columnar lined (Barrett's) oesophagus is often considered a sequel to chronic severe reflux disease. Aberrant lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) motility associated with Barrett's oesophagus includes reduced basal LOS pressures. The aim of this study was to characterise neuromuscular function of the LOS in normal (squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with uninvolved LOS) and reflux affected (Barrett's) oesophagus in vitro. METHODS: Strips of LOS muscle were prepared at biopsy following oesophagectomy from 16 patients with SCC and seven patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett's oesophagus associated with a history of reflux disease. LOS smooth muscle responses were recorded in response to electrical field stimulation (EFS), potassium chloride (KCl), DMPP, isoprenaline, capsaicin, bethanechol, and tachykinins. RESULTS: Basal LOS tone and LOS relaxations in response to isoprenaline, EFS, and DMPP were not significantly altered in the Barrett's group. After tetrodotoxin pretreatment, responses to KCl and DMPP were significantly reduced in the SCC but not in Barrett's LOS. Maximal contraction in response to bethanechol was significantly decreased in Barrett's LOS while substance P and NK-2 receptor mediated contraction was unaltered. Capsaicin, NK-1, and NK-3 receptor agonists exerted negligible effects on LOS tone. CONCLUSIONS: LOS muscle strips from patients with reflux associated Barrett's oesophagus exhibit a reduction in cholinergic muscle contraction while retaining similar features of basal tone, responses to tachykinins, and inhibitory muscle and neural function. Enteric inhibitory neurones in LOS muscle strips from patients with reflux associated Barrett's oesophagus display resistance to axonal sodium channel blockade. No evidence for functional NK-1 or NK-3 receptors or capsaicin sensitive axon collateral reflexes was observed in the human LOS. (+info)Shared and unique roles of CAP23 and GAP43 in actin regulation, neurite outgrowth, and anatomical plasticity. (6/342)
CAP23 is a major cortical cytoskeleton-associated and calmodulin binding protein that is widely and abundantly expressed during development, maintained in selected brain structures in the adult, and reinduced during nerve regeneration. Overexpression of CAP23 in adult neurons of transgenic mice promotes nerve sprouting, but the role of this protein in process outgrowth was not clear. Here, we show that CAP23 is functionally related to GAP43, and plays a critical role to regulate nerve sprouting and the actin cytoskeleton. Knockout mice lacking CAP23 exhibited a pronounced and complex phenotype, including a defect to produce stimulus-induced nerve sprouting at the adult neuromuscular junction. This sprouting deficit was rescued by transgenic overexpression of either CAP23 or GAP43 in adult motoneurons. Knockin mice expressing GAP43 instead of CAP23 were essentially normal, indicating that, although these proteins do not share homologous sequences, GAP43 can functionally substitute for CAP23 in vivo. Cultured sensory neurons lacking CAP23 exhibited striking alterations in neurite outgrowth that were phenocopied by low doses of cytochalasin D. A detailed analysis of such cultures revealed common and unique functions of CAP23 and GAP43 on the actin cytoskeleton and neurite outgrowth. The results provide compelling experimental evidence for the notion that CAP23 and GAP43 are functionally related intrinsic determinants of anatomical plasticity, and suggest that these proteins function by locally promoting subplasmalemmal actin cytoskeleton accumulation. (+info)A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study to compare the efficacy and safety of three doses of botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) with placebo in upper limb spasticity after stroke. (7/342)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to define an effective and safe dose of botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) for the treatment of upper limb muscle spasticity due to stroke. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Patients received either a placebo or 1 of 3 doses of Dysport (500, 1000, 1500 U) into 5 muscles of the affected arm. Efficacy was assessed periodically by the Modified Ashworth Scale and a battery of functional outcome measures. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients were recruited, and 82 completed the study. The 4 study groups were comparable at baseline with respect to their demographic characteristics and severity of spasticity. All doses of Dysport studied showed a significant reduction from baseline of muscle tone compared with placebo. However, the effect on functional disability was not statistically significant and was best at a dose of 1000 U. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the incidence of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that treatment with Dysport reduces muscle tone in patients with poststroke upper limb spasticity. Treatment was effective at doses of Dysport of 500, 1000, and 1500 U. The optimal dose for treatment of patients with residual voluntary movements in the upper limb appears to be 1000 U. Dysport is safe in the doses used in this study. (+info)Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of the effect of botulinum toxin on walking in cerebral palsy. (8/342)
BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy is the commonest cause of severe physical disability in childhood. For many years treatment has centred on the use of physiotherapy and orthotics to overcome the problems of leg spasticity, which interferes with walking and can lead to limb deformity. Intramuscular botulinum toxin (BT-A) offers a targeted form of therapy to reduce spasticity in specific muscle groups. AIMS: To determine whether intramuscular BT-A can improve walking in children with cerebral palsy. DESIGN: Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. METHODS: Forty patients with spastic diplegia or hemiplegia were enrolled. Twenty two received botulinum toxin and 18 received placebo. The primary outcome measure was video gait analysis and secondary outcome measures were gross motor function measure (GMFM), physiological cost index (PCI), and passive ankle dorsiflexion. RESULTS: Video gait analysis showed clinically and statistically significant improvement in initial foot contact following BT-A at six weeks and 12 weeks compared to placebo. Forty eight per cent of BT-A treated children showed clinical improvement in VGA compared to 17% of placebo treated children. The GMFM (walking dimension) showed a statistically significant improvement in favour of the botulinum toxin treated group. Changes in PCI and passive ankle dorsiflexion were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The study gives further support to the use of intramuscular botulinum toxin type A as an adjunct to conventional physiotherapy and orthoses to reduce spasticity and improve functional mobility in children with spastic diplegic or hemiplegic cerebral palsy. (+info)Neuromuscular agents are drugs that interact with the neuromuscular junction, affecting the transmission of signals between nerves and muscles, thereby leading to various effects such as relaxation or contraction of the muscle fibers.
Neuromuscular agents are drugs or substances that affect the function of the neuromuscular junction, which is the site where nerve impulses are transmitted to muscles. These agents can either enhance or inhibit the transmission of signals across the neuromuscular junction, leading to a variety of effects on muscle tone and activity.
Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are a type of neuromuscular agent that is commonly used in anesthesia and critical care settings to induce paralysis during intubation or mechanical ventilation. NMBAs can be classified into two main categories: depolarizing and non-depolarizing agents.
Depolarizing NMBAs, such as succinylcholine, work by activating the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle contraction followed by paralysis. Non-depolarizing NMBAs, such as rocuronium and vecuronium, block the activation of these receptors, preventing muscle contraction and leading to paralysis.
Other types of neuromuscular agents include cholinesterase inhibitors, which increase the levels of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and can be used to reverse the effects of NMBAs, and botulinum toxin, which is a potent neurotoxin that inhibits the release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals and is used in the treatment of various neurological disorders.
Peripheral nerves are bundles of nerve cell extensions, or axons, that transmit signals between the central nervous system and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory perception, muscle movement, and organ function.
Peripheral nerves are nerve fibers that transmit signals between the central nervous system (CNS, consisting of the brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body. These nerves convey motor, sensory, and autonomic information, enabling us to move, feel, and respond to changes in our environment. They form a complex network that extends from the CNS to muscles, glands, skin, and internal organs, allowing for coordinated responses and functions throughout the body. Damage or injury to peripheral nerves can result in various neurological symptoms, such as numbness, weakness, or pain, depending on the type and severity of the damage.
"Nursing Administration Research" refers to the scientific study and analysis of leadership, management, and organizational practices, policies, and outcomes within nursing administration to improve healthcare delivery, patient outcomes, and professional development.
"Nursing Administration Research" refers to research focused on the management, leadership, and organization of nursing services. This can include studies on topics such as:
* Effective leadership strategies in nursing
* Improving patient care outcomes through better nursing management practices
* Staffing and resource allocation models
* Quality improvement initiatives in nursing administration
* Developing and implementing policies and procedures
* Education and training of nursing leaders
* Use of technology in nursing administration
The goal of this research is to enhance the overall effectiveness and efficiency of nursing administration, ultimately improving the quality of patient care.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is a therapeutic procedure that involves the electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve, primarily used to treat refractory epilepsy and depression, by implanting a programmable pulse generator device under the skin in the chest region, connected to a bipolar electrode lead encircling the left cervical vagus nerve.
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a medical treatment that involves the use of a device to send electrical signals to the vagus nerve, which is a key part of the body's autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls various automatic functions of the body, such as heart rate and digestion.
In VNS, a small generator is implanted in the chest, and thin wires are routed under the skin to the vagus nerve in the neck. The generator is programmed to send electrical signals to the vagus nerve at regular intervals. These signals can help regulate certain body functions and have been found to be effective in treating a number of conditions, including epilepsy and depression.
The exact mechanism by which VNS works is not fully understood, but it is thought to affect the release of neurotransmitters, chemicals that transmit signals in the brain. This can help reduce seizure activity in people with epilepsy and improve mood and other symptoms in people with depression.
VNS is typically used as a last resort for people who have not responded to other treatments. It is generally considered safe, but like any medical procedure, it does carry some risks, such as infection, bleeding, and damage to the vagus nerve or surrounding tissues.
A nerve block is a medical procedure involving the injection of anesthetic or neurolytic agents near or into a specific nerve or bundle of nerves to interrupt the transmission of pain signals to the brain.
A nerve block is a medical procedure in which an anesthetic or neurolytic agent is injected near a specific nerve or bundle of nerves to block the transmission of pain signals from that area to the brain. This technique can be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, such as identifying the source of pain, providing temporary or prolonged relief, or facilitating surgical procedures in the affected region.
The injection typically contains a local anesthetic like lidocaine or bupivacaine, which numbs the nerve, preventing it from transmitting pain signals. In some cases, steroids may also be added to reduce inflammation and provide longer-lasting relief. Depending on the type of nerve block and its intended use, the injection might be administered close to the spine (neuraxial blocks), at peripheral nerves (peripheral nerve blocks), or around the sympathetic nervous system (sympathetic nerve blocks).
While nerve blocks are generally safe, they can have side effects such as infection, bleeding, nerve damage, or in rare cases, systemic toxicity from the anesthetic agent. It is essential to consult with a qualified medical professional before undergoing this procedure to ensure proper evaluation, technique, and post-procedure care.
"Nursing staff in a hospital setting are licensed healthcare professionals, including registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and nursing assistants, who work collaboratively to provide direct patient care, administer medications, monitor patient progress, and contribute to the development of individualized care plans under the direction of a physician or nurse practitioner."
'Hospital Nursing Staff' refers to the group of healthcare professionals who are licensed and trained to provide nursing care to patients in a hospital setting. They work under the direction of a nurse manager or director and collaborate with an interdisciplinary team of healthcare providers, including physicians, therapists, social workers, and other support staff.
Hospital nursing staff can include registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs) or vocational nurses (LVNs), and unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs) such as nursing assistants, orderlies, and patient care technicians. Their responsibilities may vary depending on their role and the needs of the patients, but they typically include:
* Administering medications and treatments prescribed by physicians
* Monitoring patients' vital signs and overall condition
* Providing emotional support and education to patients and their families
* Assisting with activities of daily living such as bathing, dressing, and grooming
* Documenting patient care and progress in medical records
* Collaborating with other healthcare professionals to develop and implement individualized care plans.
Hospital nursing staff play a critical role in ensuring the safety, comfort, and well-being of hospitalized patients, and they are essential members of the healthcare team.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive therapeutic method that uses low-voltage electrical currents transmitted through the skin to stimulate nerves and manage pain, often utilized as an alternative or complementary treatment in pain management.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive method of pain relief that involves the use of low-voltage electrical currents. A TENS device, which is usually small and portable, delivers these currents through electrodes that are placed on the skin near the site of pain. The electrical impulses stimulate nerve fibers, which can help to block the transmission of pain signals to the brain, thereby reducing the perception of pain.
TENS is thought to work through a number of different mechanisms, including the gate control theory of pain and the release of endorphins, which are natural painkillers produced by the body. It is generally considered safe, with few side effects, and can be used in conjunction with other forms of pain management.
TENS is often used to treat chronic pain conditions such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, and lower back pain, as well as acute pain from injuries or surgery. However, its effectiveness varies from person to person, and it may not work for everyone. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using TENS, particularly if you have any underlying medical conditions or are taking medication that could interact with the electrical currents.
A 'Nurse's Role' is a multifaceted position in healthcare that involves providing and coordinating patient care, educating patients and the public, advocating for quality and rights of patients, conducting research, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals to provide optimal health outcomes.
A nurse's role is not a medical condition or diagnosis, but rather a professional occupation and set of responsibilities in the healthcare system. However, I can provide a general description of the role of a nurse in a medical context:
A nurse is a healthcare professional who provides care, support, and education to patients, families, and communities. Nurses work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities, and community health centers. They collaborate with other healthcare professionals, such as physicians, social workers, and therapists, to provide comprehensive care to patients.
The specific duties of a nurse may vary depending on their role and specialty, but some common responsibilities include:
* Administering medications and treatments prescribed by doctors
* Monitoring patients' vital signs and overall health status
* Providing emotional support and education to patients and families
* Collaborating with other healthcare professionals to develop care plans
* Performing diagnostic tests and analyzing results
* Assisting with procedures and surgeries
* Supervising and training nursing assistants and other support staff.
Nurses play a critical role in the healthcare system, providing compassionate care and advocacy for patients and their families.
Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN) Medication: Antiparkinson Agents, Dopamine Agonists, Antiparkinson...
Neuromuscular Blocker Agents, Botulinum Toxins. Class Summary. These agents produce symptomatic improvement in muscle strength ... Antiparkinson Agents, Anticholinergics. Class Summary. These agents are thought to act centrally by suppressing the conduction ... Antiparkinson Agents, Dopamine Agonists. Class Summary. These agents reduce morbidity associated with dopamine deficiency. ... This agent binds to the receptor sites on motor nerve terminals and inhibits the release of acetylcholine, which, in turn, ...
Screening Therapeutic Agents Targeting Neuromuscular Junctions in ALS
Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents | Profiles RNS
"Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents" by people in this website by year, and whether "Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents" was a ... "Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents". ...
In patients with head injuries who undergo rapid sequence intubation using succinylcholine, does pretreatment with a...
... does pretreatment with a competitive neuromuscular blocking agent improve outcome? A literature review ... does pretreatment with a competitive neuromuscular blocking agent improve outcome? A literature review ... of patients with acute brain injury and whether pretreatment with a defasciculating dose of competitive neuromuscular blocker ... could find no studies that investigated the issue of pretreatment with defasciculating doses of competitive neuromuscular ...
"Stability of Diluted Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Utilized in Periope" by Alexei GonzalezâEstrada, Timothy Archibald et al.
Relationship of perioperative anaphylaxis to neuromuscular blocking agents, obesity, and pholcodine consumption: a case-control...
keywords = "anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity, neuromuscular blocking agent, obesity, pholcodine, rocuronium",. author = "Sadleir ... Background: The observation that patients presenting for bariatric surgery had a high incidence of neuromuscular blocking agent ... Dive into the research topics of Relationship of perioperative anaphylaxis to neuromuscular blocking agents, obesity, and ... Relationship of perioperative anaphylaxis to neuromuscular blocking agents, obesity, and pholcodine consumption: a case-control ...
Neuromuscular Agents | Profiles RNS
"Neuromuscular Agents" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Neuromuscular Agents" was a major or minor topic of ... Included are agents that act directly on skeletal muscle, those that alter neuromuscular transmission (NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING ... "Neuromuscular Agents" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Neuromuscular Agents" by people in Profiles over the past ten years. ...
EMA - Abstract 11: Intubation without neuromuscular blocking agents: risk of trach | EM:RAP
Neuromuscular complications in the intensive care unit: critical illness polyneuromyopathy
Impact of high- versus low-dose neuromuscular blocking agent administration on unplanned 30-day readmission rates in...
Neuromuscular blocking agents - CPD Circle
Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome
... early administration of a neuromuscular blocking agent improved the adjusted 90-day survival and increased the time off the ... We evaluated clinical outcomes after 2 days of therapy with neuromuscular blocking agents in patients with early, severe ARDS. ... Conclusions: In patients with severe ARDS, early administration of a neuromuscular blocking agent improved the adjusted 90-day ... neuromuscular blocking agents may improve oxygenation and decrease ventilator-induced lung injury but may also cause muscle ...
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION PHYSIOLOGY BLOCKING AGENTS PROF V K
BLOCKING AGENTS PROF V K BHATIA DEPT OF ANAESTHESIOLOGY KGMU ... NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION PHYSIOLOGY & BLOCKING AGENTS PROF V K ... Neuromuscular junction (example of chemical synapse) n n n Neuromuscular junction : the synapse between motor neuron and muscle ... Sequence Of Events At Neuromuscular Junction Action potentials arriving at the presynaptic terminal cause voltage-gated Ca 2+ ... Sequence Of Events At Neuromuscular Junction (continued) Ca 2+ uptake into the terminal causes release of the neurotransmitter ...
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) Medication: Neuromuscular agents, Immunosuppressants, Blood products
... is a rare presynaptic disorder of neuromuscular transmission in which quantal release of acetylcholine (ACh) is impaired, ... Neuromuscular agents. Class Summary. Neuromuscular agents produce symptomatic improvement in strength, autonomic symptoms, or ... This agent is not approved for clinical use in the United States, but it is available on a compassionate-use basis for ... Agents in this category may be used to improve clinical and immunologic aspects of LEMS. They may decrease autoantibody ...
DailyMed - ZIANA- clindamycin phosphate and tretinoin gel
7.3 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents. Clindamycin has been shown to have neuromuscular blocking properties that may enhance the ... 7.3 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy 8.3 Nursing Mothers 8.4 Pediatric Use 8.5 ... action of other neuromuscular blocking agents. Therefore, ZIANA Gel should be used with caution in patients receiving such ... Antiperistaltic agents such as opiates and diphenoxylate with atropine may prolong and/or worsen severe colitis. Severe colitis ...
DailyMed - DESFLURANE liquid
7.2 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 7.3 Concomitant use with N 2O 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy 8.2 Lactation 8.4 ... Dosage reduction of neuromuscular blocking agents during induction of anesthesia may result in delayed onset of conditions ... 7.2 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents. Anesthetic concentrations of desflurane at equilibrium (administered for 15 or more minutes ... Desflurane, USP, Liquid for Inhalation also decreases the doses of neuromuscular blocking agents required [See Drug ...
Choice of neuromuscular block reversal agent to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications
Neuromuscular blocking agent. Reversal agent. Outcomes with sugammadex. Togioka et al., 2020 [46]. RCT. Patients aged ⼠70 yr. ... Choice of neuromuscular block reversal agent to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications. Reversal agent and pulmonary ... Keywords: Anticholinesterases; Neuromuscular blocking agents; Postoperative complications; Residual neuromuscular blockade; ... Choice of neuromuscular block reversal agent to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications. Anesth Pain Med. 2022;17(2):121- ...
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics | Hindawi
Neuromuscular Agent - Suxamethonium Chloride 50mg/ml Solution for Injection Exporter from Navi Mumbai
Exporter of Neuromuscular Agent - Suxamethonium Chloride 50mg/ml Solution for Injection, Pancuronium Injection BP 2 mg, ... Neuromuscular Agent. Leading Exporter of suxamethonium chloride 50mg/ml solution for injection, pancuronium injection bp 2 mg ... Suxamethonium is a short acting depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent for producing muscular relaxation during anaesthesia ...
Neuromuscular-blocking drug - Wikipedia
Neuromuscular-blocking drugs, or Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), block transmission at the neuromuscular junction, ... A neuromuscular non-depolarizing agent is a form of neuromuscular blocker that does not depolarize the motor end plate. The ... A depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent is a form of neuromuscular blocker that depolarizes the motor end plate. An example ... neuromuscular blocking agent".[permanent dead link] Jahromi, Behdad, Knezevic, Nebojsa & Nick MD, PhD. (2020). Neuromuscular ...
The pharmacology of new short-acting nondepolarizing ester neuromuscular blocking agents: clinical implications. | Department...
The pharmacology of new short-acting nondepolarizing ester neuromuscular blocking agents: clinical implications.. ... The pharmacology of new short-acting nondepolarizing ester neuromuscular blocking agents: clinical implications.. ... Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents, Pentobarbital, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Succinylcholine, Tubocurarine. Alternate ...
Transient Cross-Resistance to Neuromuscular Blocking Agents in a Patient with Tetanus | Anesthesiology | American Society of...
Transient Cross-Resistance to Neuromuscular Blocking Agents in a Patient with Tetanus Jan-Wei Chiu, M.D.; Jan-Wei Chiu, M.D. ... RESISTANCE to nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) occurs in many clinical diseases and drug interactions. ... Short-acting neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA), mivacurium (11 mg), was administered to facilitate tracheal intubation. ... Transient Cross-Resistance to Neuromuscular Blocking Agents in a Patient with Tetanus. Anesthesiology 2003; 98:579-581 doi: ...
A vagolytic action of neuromuscular blocking agents at the pacemaker of the isolated guinea pig atrium. | Anesthesiology;48(3)...
A vagolytic action of neuromuscular blocking agents at the pacemaker of the isolated guinea pig atrium.. Son, S L; Waud, D R. ... To examine the basis of tachycardia seen clinically with some neuromuscular blocking agents, the potencies of d-tubocurarine, ... Comparison with atropine indicated that the vagolytic action of the neuromuscular blocking agents was not attributable to ... These ED50 values were compared with the respective potency values of these agents at the motor endplate. This comparison ...
Verelan: Package Insert - Drugs.com
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents. Clinical data and animal studies suggest that verapamil may potentiate the activity of ... Antihypertensive Agents. Verapamil administered concomitantly with oral antihypertensive agents (e.g., vasodilators, ... It may be necessary to decrease the dose of verapamil and/or the dose of the neuromuscular blocking agent when the drugs are ... and that verapamil prolongs recovery from the neuromuscular blocking agent vecuronium and causes a worsening of myasthenia ...
The Use of In-vitro Technique in the Development of New Neuromuscular Blocking Agents | Anesthesiology | American Society of...
The Use of In-vitro Technique in the Development of New Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Joannes H. Karis, M.D.; Joannes H. Karis ... The Effect of Volatile Anesthetic Agents on Neuromuscular Transmission Anesthesiology (January 1967) ... The Use of In-vitro Technique in the Development of New Neuromuscular Blocking Agents. Anesthesiology 1968; 29:199 doi: https ... Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: ...
JCM | Free Full-Text | Associations of Body Mass Index with Ventilation Management and Clinical Outcomes in Invasively...
Prone positioning has been indisputably shown to improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS [23]. Neuromuscular blocking agents ... Off all adjunctive treatments for refractory hypoxemia, only neuromuscular blocking agents were more often used in obese ... We also collected adjunctive strategies including the use of neuromuscular blocking agents and extracorporeal membrane ... This may increase patient-ventilator asynchronies, for which clinicians could prescribe neuromuscular blocking agents. ...
Intermediate-Acting Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents and Risk of Postoperative 30-Day Morbidity and Mortality, and...
A national survey of critical care nurses' practices related to administration of neuromuscular blocking agents | American...
A national survey of critical care nurses practices related to administration of neuromuscular blocking agents JG Foster; JG ... RESULTS: Seventy-five percent of respondents reported long-term use of neuromuscular blocking agents in critically ill patients ... Of these, 246 surveys (51%) were returned and analyzed to determine use of neuromuscular blocking agents, peripheral nerve ... BACKGROUND: Recommendations on use of neuromuscular blocking agents include using peripheral nerve stimulators to monitor depth ...
Sevoflurane Baxter, 100%, Inhalation vapour, liquid - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)
Neuromuscular blocking agents As with other inhalational anesthetic agents, sevoflurane affects both the intensity and duration ... Dosage reduction of neuromuscular blocking agents during induction of anesthesia may result in delayed onset of conditions ... Among non-depolarizing agents, vecuronium, pancuronium and atracurium interactions have been studied. In the absence of ... Use of inhaled anesthetic agents has been associated with rare increases in serum potassium levels that have resulted in ...
Neuromuscular paralysis for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation | Cochrane
All trials using random or quasi-random patient allocation in which the use of neuromuscular blocking agents during mechanical ... There is no evidence from randomised trials on the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents other than pancuronium. The routine ... Neuromuscular paralysis for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation. Long-term effects of muscle paralysing drugs on ... use of pancuronium or any other neuromuscular blocking agent in ventilated newborn infants cannot be recommended based on ...
JunctionAnesthesiaPancuroniumResidual neuromuscularBlockadeProduce symptomatic improvementClinicallyNMBAsBlockersBlocking AgentRocuroniumComplicationsTransmissionAcetylcholineClinicalPatientsParalysisDoseOutcomesInjectableStimulationReceptorInfusionVeterinaryBlockerIntravenousChemicalMedicationAnalgesicsAnesthetic AgentsCommonlyDrugsAdministrationMorbidityDisordersMuscle fiberCentrallyToxicityRelationshipMotorActionBACKGROUNDDrug
Junction9
- This agent binds to the receptor sites on motor nerve terminals and inhibits the release of acetylcholine, which, in turn, inhibits the transmission of impulses at the neuromuscular junction. (medscape.com)
- Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction by causing sustained depolarization of the motor end plate. (umassmed.edu)
- Sequence Of Events At Neuromuscular Junction Action potentials arriving at the presynaptic terminal cause voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels to open. (slidetodoc.com)
- Sequence Of Events At Neuromuscular Junction (continued) n Ach travels across the synaptic cleft to postsynaptic membrane which is also known as motor end plate. (slidetodoc.com)
- Sequence Of Events At Neuromuscular Junction n (continued) Motor end plate contains nicotinic receptors for Ach , which r ligand gated ion channels Ach binds to the alpha subunits of nicotinic receptors and causes conformational change. (slidetodoc.com)
- The initial pharmacotherapy for Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is with agents that increase the transmission of acetylcholine (ACh) across the neuromuscular junction, either by increasing the release of ACh or by decreasing the action of acetylcholinesterase. (medscape.com)
- Neuromuscular-blocking drugs, or Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), block transmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles. (wikipedia.org)
- The motor nerve fibres reach the muscle fibres at sites called motor end plates, which are located roughly in the middle of each muscle fibre and store vesicles of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (this meeting of nerve and muscle fibres is known as the neuromuscular junction ). (britannica.com)
- Because this mechanism is relatively insensitive to drug action, the most important group of drugs that affect the neuromuscular junction act on (1) acetylcholine release, (2) acetylcholine receptors, or (3) the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (which normally inactivates acetylcholine to terminate muscle fibre contraction). (britannica.com)
Anesthesia11
- These agents are primarily used as adjuvants in surgical anesthesia to cause skeletal muscle relaxation. (umassmed.edu)
- for maintenance of anesthesia in pediatric patients following induction with agents other than Desflurane, USP, Liquid for Inhalation and intubation. (nih.gov)
- Patients with a history of moderate to severe hepatic dysfunction following anesthesia with halogenated agents and not otherwise explained. (nih.gov)
- Among the risk factors for PPCs, residual neuromuscular block is a representative and preventable anesthesia-related risk factor that is affected by the choice of the reversal agent. (anesth-pain-med.org)
- Among the anesthesia-related factors, the use of NMB agents (NMBAs) is known to be associated with increased PPCs as well as residual NMB, since the first report of its contribution to postoperative mortality in 1954. (anesth-pain-med.org)
- In clinical use, neuromuscular block is used adjunctively to anesthesia to produce paralysis, firstly to paralyze the vocal cords, and permit endotracheal intubation, and secondly to optimize the surgical field by inhibiting spontaneous ventilation, and causing relaxation of skeletal muscles. (wikipedia.org)
- Before induction of anesthesia, a train-of-four (TOF) electromyography was installed in order to monitor neuromuscular function during operation. (asahq.org)
- BACKGROUND: Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs (NNMBDs) are commonly used as an adjunct to general anesthesia. (anesthesiaexperts.com)
- Sevoflurane should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to sevoflurane or to other halogenated anaesthetics (e. g. history of liver function disorder, fever or leucocytosis of unknown cause after anesthesia with one of these agents). (medicines.org.uk)
- Even when permitted by statute to consider other drug options, they have not revised their choice of lethal drugs, despite new developments in and knowledge about anesthesia and lethal chemical agents. (hrw.org)
- MH is a potentially fatal inherited disorder triggered by exposure to certain drugs used for general anesthesia, including the neuromuscular blocking agent succinylcholine . (medscape.com)
Pancuronium7
- To examine the basis of tachycardia seen clinically with some neuromuscular blocking agents , the potencies of d-tubocurarine , dimethyltubocurarine, gallamine , and pancuronium in antagonizing the effects of vagal stimulation on the guinea pig atrial pacemaker were determined and expressed as an ED50 for vagal blockade. (bvsalud.org)
- For ventilated preterm infants with evidence of asynchronous respiratory effort, neuromuscular paralysis with pancuronium seems to have a favourable effect on intraventricular haemorrhage and possibly on pneumothorax. (cochrane.org)
- There is no evidence from randomised trials on the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents other than pancuronium. (cochrane.org)
- The routine use of pancuronium or any other neuromuscular blocking agent in ventilated newborn infants cannot be recommended based on current evidence. (cochrane.org)
- All the included trials studied preterm infants ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome and used pancuronium as the neuromuscular blocking agent. (cochrane.org)
- Besser R, Vogt T, Gutmann L. Pancuronium improves the neuromuscular transmission defect of human organophosphate intoxication. (cdc.gov)
- The first drug is an anesthetic (sodium thiopental), followed by a paralytic agent (pancuronium bromide), and, finally, a drug that causes the heart to stop beating (potassium chloride). (hrw.org)
Residual neuromuscular3
- Nevertheless, strong evidence has shown that residual neuromuscular block (NMB) is associated with an increased risk of PPCs [ 1 ]. (anesth-pain-med.org)
- In humans, administration of the drugs is not without risk and may result in accidental awareness under general anaesthesia and postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade that can lead to serious respiratory complications. (au.dk)
- In addition to other important measures, these actions are key in order to avoid overdosing and limit the risk of residual neuromuscular blockade. (au.dk)
Blockade1
- BACKGROUND: Recommendations on use of neuromuscular blocking agents include using peripheral nerve stimulators to monitor depth of blockade and concomitantly administering sedatives and/or analgesics. (aacnjournals.org)
Produce symptomatic improvement2
- These agents produce symptomatic improvement in muscle strength by relieving spasticity and autonomic symptoms, or both in some patients. (medscape.com)
- Neuromuscular agents produce symptomatic improvement in strength, autonomic symptoms, or both in some patients with LEMS. (medscape.com)
Clinically2
- These drugs fall into two groups: Non-depolarizing blocking agents: These agents constitute the majority of the clinically relevant neuromuscular blockers. (wikipedia.org)
- To determine whether routine neuromuscular paralysis compared with no routine paralysis results in clinically important benefits or harms in newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation. (cochrane.org)
NMBAs1
- RESISTANCE to nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) occurs in many clinical diseases and drug interactions. (asahq.org)
Blockers2
- For those patients suffering acute traumatic brain injury the authors could find no studies that investigated the issue of pretreatment with defasciculating doses of competitive neuromuscular blockers and their effect on ICP in patients given SCH. (bmj.com)
- There is level 2 evidence that SCH caused an increase in ICP for patients undergoing neurosurgery for brain tumours with elective anaesthesia and that pretreatment with defasciculating doses of neuromuscular blockers reduced such increases. (bmj.com)
Blocking Agent8
- In patients with head injuries who undergo rapid sequence intubation using succinylcholine, does pretreatment with a competitive neuromuscular blocking agent improve outcome? (bmj.com)
- Background: The observation that patients presenting for bariatric surgery had a high incidence of neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) anaphylaxis prompted this restricted case-control study to test the hypothesis that obesity is a risk factor for NMBA anaphylaxis, independent of differences in pholcodine consumption. (edu.au)
- In patients with severe ARDS, early administration of a neuromuscular blocking agent improved the adjusted 90-day survival and increased the time off the ventilator without increasing muscle weakness. (nih.gov)
- Suxamethonium is a short acting depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent for producing muscular relaxation during anaesthesia. (livealthbiopharma.co.in)
- Short-acting neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA), mivacurium (11 mg), was administered to facilitate tracheal intubation. (asahq.org)
- Therefore, this study investigates the neuromuscular response of two infusion rates of rocuronium, a commonly used non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. (au.dk)
- Influence of Gender on the Plasma-Effect site equilibration time of propofol anesthetic and Cisatracurium Besylate neuromuscular blocking agent. (clinicaltrialsregister.eu)
- The two teens were treated with the neuromuscular blocking agent rocuronium because of symptom severity, and the two adults received pralidoxime because of the initial suspicion of possible organophosphate toxicity. (cdc.gov)
Rocuronium1
- CONCLUSION: The large inter-animal variation in pharmacodynamic profiles emphasizes that individual neuromuscular monitoring and titration to effect should be used routinely in research protocols that include rocuronium. (au.dk)
Complications1
- However, complications have been reported with prolonged neuromuscular paralysis in newborn infants. (cochrane.org)
Transmission3
- Included are agents that act directly on skeletal muscle, those that alter neuromuscular transmission (NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS), and drugs that act centrally as skeletal muscle relaxants (MUSCLE RELAXANTS, CENTRAL). (uams.edu)
- Aminopyridines block potassium channels in membranes and facilitate chemical synaptic transmission at autonomic, neuromuscular, and central synapses. (medscape.com)
- A continuous record from peri-operative evoked electromyographic monitoring (Train-of-four stimulation, a Datex neuromuscular transmission monitor). (asahq.org)
Acetylcholine3
- Botulinum toxin causes neuromuscular paralysis by blocking acetylcholine release. (britannica.com)
- Neuromuscular blocking drugs act on acetylcholine receptors and fall into two distinct groups: nondepolarizing (competitive) and depolarizing blocking agents. (britannica.com)
- Competitive neuromuscular blocking drugs act as antagonists at acetylcholine receptors, reducing the effectiveness of acetylcholine in generating an end-plate potential . (britannica.com)
Clinical4
- We evaluated clinical outcomes after 2 days of therapy with neuromuscular blocking agents in patients with early, severe ARDS. (nih.gov)
- This agent is not approved for clinical use in the United States, but it is available on a compassionate-use basis for individual patients. (medscape.com)
- The pharmacology of new short-acting nondepolarizing ester neuromuscular blocking agents: clinical implications. (cornell.edu)
- Clinical factors such as site and severity of infection, suspected or confirmed infectious agent, underlying disease and concomitant therapies 7 , and the fact that the drug has a narrow therapeutic range all increase the risk of side effects, such as nephritic syndrome and ototoxicity, skin reactions (e.g., erythema), and flushing histamine-like and other anaphylactic reactions, when anaesthetics are given. (bvsalud.org)
Patients7
- A literature search was undertaken for evidence of the effect of succinylcholine (SCH) on the intracranial pressure (ICP) of patients with acute brain injury and whether pretreatment with a defasciculating dose of competitive neuromuscular blocker is beneficial in this patient group. (bmj.com)
- In patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), neuromuscular blocking agents may improve oxygenation and decrease ventilator-induced lung injury but may also cause muscle weakness. (nih.gov)
- Desflurane, USP, Liquid for Inhalation should not be used as the sole agent for anesthetic induction in patients with coronary artery disease or where increases in heart rate or blood pressure are undesirable. (nih.gov)
- Patients with latent or overt neuromuscular disease, particularly with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, appear to be most vulnerable. (nih.gov)
- Additionally, the effects of the reversal agents on PPCs in high-risk patients, such as elderly patients, pediatric patients, those with end-stage renal disease, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, or those undergoing specific surgeries, are diverse. (anesth-pain-med.org)
- RESULTS: Seventy-five percent of respondents reported long-term use of neuromuscular blocking agents in critically ill patients. (aacnjournals.org)
- Education and research are needed to ensure that patients receive adequate monitoring and sedation during administration of neuromuscular blocking agents. (aacnjournals.org)
Paralysis2
- Neuromuscular paralysis, which eliminates the spontaneous breathing efforts of the infant, creates complete synchronization with the ventilator and may minimize these risks. (cochrane.org)
- All trials using random or quasi-random patient allocation in which the use of neuromuscular blocking agents during mechanical ventilation were compared to no paralysis or selective paralysis in newborn infants. (cochrane.org)
Dose1
- Because the appropriate dose of neuromuscular-blocking drug may paralyze muscles required for breathing (i.e., the diaphragm), mechanical ventilation should be available to maintain adequate respiration. (wikipedia.org)
Outcomes1
- The goal of this review is to examine the relationships between these exposures, impairment of the neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems, functional outcomes, and health problems with a focus on acute injury. (cdc.gov)
Injectable1
- 2020. A systematic study of injectable anesthetic agents in the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei). (awionline.org)
Stimulation1
- Neuromuscular monitoring was performed with acceleromyography using train-of-four (TOF) stimulation. (au.dk)
Receptor2
- By binding to the specific receptor sites, these agents appear to potentiate the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and facilitate inhibitory GABA neurotransmission and other inhibitory transmitters. (medscape.com)
- Comparison with atropine indicated that the vagolytic action of the neuromuscular blocking agents was not attributable to receptor occlusion, but reflected instead an action on the vagus nerve itself. (bvsalud.org)
Infusion1
- Comparison of the neuromuscular effects of two infusion r. (au.dk)
Veterinary1
- Use of Neuromuscular blocking agents webinar from Linnaeus Veterinary Group on Vimeo . (cpdcircle.co.uk)
Blocker1
- A neuromuscular non-depolarizing agent is a form of neuromuscular blocker that does not depolarize the motor end plate. (wikipedia.org)
Intravenous2
- Discontinue triggering agents, administer intravenous dantrolene sodium, and apply supportive therapies. (nih.gov)
- A short acting barbiturate or other intravenous induction agent may be administered followed by inhalation of sevoflurane. (medicines.org.uk)
Chemical1
- It is also used as a methylating agent, low-boiling solvent, and oil extractant in chemical syntheses. (cdc.gov)
Medication1
- Benzoyl peroxide is a medication that has antibacterial effects and is a peeling agent . (medbroadcast.com)
Analgesics1
- Of these, 246 surveys (51%) were returned and analyzed to determine use of neuromuscular blocking agents, peripheral nerve stimulators, sedatives, and analgesics. (aacnjournals.org)
Anesthetic Agents1
- 2022. Efficacy of tricaine (MS-222) and hypothermia as anesthetic agents for blocking sensorimotor responses in larval zebrafish. (awionline.org)
Commonly1
- However, because methyl bromide is odorless and nonirritating, a lacrimator (an agent that irritates the eyes and causes tearing), most commonly chloropicrin, is often added as a warning agent. (cdc.gov)
Drugs2
- Drugs used in the treatment of movement disorders are ANTI-DYSKINESIA AGENTS. (uams.edu)
- Neuromuscular blocking drugs are often classified into two broad classes: Pachycurares, which are bulky molecules with nondepolarizing activity Leptocurares, which are thin and flexible molecules that tend to have depolarizing activity. (wikipedia.org)
Administration2
- Combunox (oxycodone hcl and ibuprofen) is supplied in a fixed combination tablet form for oral administration and combines the opioid analgesic agent, oxycodone HCl, with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) agent, ibuprofen. (globalrph.com)
- Despite the extensive administration, the pharmacodynamics of neuromuscular blocking agents are not thoroughly studied in pigs. (au.dk)
Morbidity1
- These agents reduce morbidity associated with dopamine deficiency. (medscape.com)
Disorders1
- N. caninum infection causes neuromuscular disease in dogs and reproductive disorders in ruminants, causing fetal loss due to vertical transfer of parasites during acute infections or reactivation of chronic infections. (cdc.gov)
Muscle fiber1
- Depolarizing blocking agents: These agents act by depolarizing the sarcolemma of the skeletal muscle fiber. (wikipedia.org)
Centrally2
- These agents are thought to act centrally by suppressing the conduction in the vestibular cerebellar pathways. (medscape.com)
- This is a centrally acting anticholinergic agent that tends to diminish the muscle spasms. (medscape.com)
Toxicity2
Relationship1
- However, the relationship between PPCs and the type of reversal agents for NMB, such as conventional anticholinesterases and the relatively new sugammadex, remains debatable. (anesth-pain-med.org)
Motor2
- The disruption of this connection leads to the destruction of sophisticated structures called neuromuscular junctions NMJs, the contacts that transfer the motor neuron commands onto the muscles. (dtic.mil)
- These ED50 values were compared with the respective potency values of these agents at the motor endplate . (bvsalud.org)
Action1
- A vagolytic action of neuromuscular blocking agents at the pacemaker of the isolated guinea pig atrium. (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND1
- BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular blocking agents are frequently administered to pigs used for research. (au.dk)
Drug1
- For this reason, this drug has long been considered the gold standard in therapy against these infectious agents 6 . (bvsalud.org)