AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth Care
Neural InhibitionBrain InjuriesTranscranial Magnetic StimulationNeural Networks (Computer)Inhibition (Psychology)Evoked Potentials, MotorMagnetic Resonance ImagingMotor CortexOptical FibersTemperatureAplysiaAstacoideaLasersFiber Optic TechnologyReceptors, GABA-Agamma-Aminobutyric AcidSolutionsPatch-Clamp TechniquesNeuronsGABA AntagonistsBradykininSympathectomyAdrenal MedullaNicotineSympathectomy, ChemicalInjections, Intra-ArticularLumbosacral PlexusCerebrosidesGalactosylceramidesForssman AntigenSulfoglycosphingolipidsGalactosylceramidaseCell LineGlycolipidsN,N-DimethyltryptamineAttentionSchizophreniaHallucinogensCuesReaction TimeWilliams SyndromeSocial BehaviorCultural EvolutionArchaeologyCognitionBrainKetol-Acid Reductoisomerase
Neural Inhibition
The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
A technique that involves the use of electrical coils on the head to generate a brief magnetic field which reaches the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is coupled with ELECTROMYOGRAPHY response detection to assess cortical excitability by the threshold required to induce MOTOR EVOKED POTENTIALS. This method is also used for BRAIN MAPPING, to study NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, and as a substitute for ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY for treating DEPRESSION. Induction of SEIZURES limits its clinical usage.
Neural Networks (Computer)
A computer architecture, implementable in either hardware or software, modeled after biological neural networks. Like the biological system in which the processing capability is a result of the interconnection strengths between arrays of nonlinear processing nodes, computerized neural networks, often called perceptrons or multilayer connectionist models, consist of neuron-like units. A homogeneous group of units makes up a layer. These networks are good at pattern recognition. They are adaptive, performing tasks by example, and thus are better for decision-making than are linear learning machines or cluster analysis. They do not require explicit programming.
Inhibition (Psychology)
The interference with or prevention of a behavioral or verbal response even though the stimulus for that response is present; in psychoanalysis the unconscious restraining of an instinctual process.
Evoked Potentials, Motor
The electrical response evoked in a muscle or motor nerve by electrical or magnetic stimulation. Common methods of stimulation are by transcranial electrical and TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION. It is often used for monitoring during neurosurgery.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Motor Cortex
Area of the FRONTAL LOBE concerned with primary motor control located in the dorsal PRECENTRAL GYRUS immediately anterior to the central sulcus. It is comprised of three areas: the primary motor cortex located on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain; the premotor cortex located anterior to the primary motor cortex; and the supplementary motor area located on the midline surface of the hemisphere anterior to the primary motor cortex.
Optical Fibers
Thin strands of transparent material, usually glass, that are used for transmitting light waves over long distances.
Temperature
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
Aplysia
An opisthobranch mollusk of the order Anaspidea. It is used frequently in studies of nervous system development because of its large identifiable neurons. Aplysiatoxin and its derivatives are not biosynthesized by Aplysia, but acquired by ingestion of Lyngbya (seaweed) species.
Astacoidea
A superfamily of various freshwater CRUSTACEA, in the infraorder Astacidea, comprising the crayfish. Common genera include Astacus and Procambarus. Crayfish resemble lobsters, but are usually much smaller.
Lasers
An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.
Fiber Optic Technology
The technology of transmitting light over long distances through strands of glass or other transparent material.
Receptors, GABA-A
Cell surface proteins which bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and contain an integral membrane chloride channel. Each receptor is assembled as a pentamer from a pool of at least 19 different possible subunits. The receptors belong to a superfamily that share a common CYSTEINE loop.
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Solutions
The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Patch-Clamp Techniques
An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
GABA Antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate GABA RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and GABA RECEPTOR AGONISTS.
Bradykinin
A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.
Sympathectomy
The removal or interruption of some part of the sympathetic nervous system for therapeutic or research purposes.
Adrenal Medulla
The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ECTODERM, adrenal medulla consists mainly of CHROMAFFIN CELLS that produces and stores a number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS, mainly adrenaline (EPINEPHRINE) and NOREPINEPHRINE. The activity of the adrenal medulla is regulated by the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Nicotine
Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.
Sympathectomy, Chemical
Sympathectomy using chemicals (e.g., 6-hydroxydopamine or guanethidine) which selectively and reversibly destroy adrenergic nerve endings while leaving cholinergic nerve endings intact.
Injections, Intra-Articular
Methods of delivering drugs into a joint space.
Lumbosacral Plexus
The lumbar and sacral plexuses taken together. The fibers of the lumbosacral plexus originate in the lumbar and upper sacral spinal cord (L1 to S3) and innervate the lower extremities.
Cerebrosides
Neutral glycosphingolipids that contain a monosaccharide, normally glucose or galactose, in 1-ortho-beta-glycosidic linkage with the primary alcohol of an N-acyl sphingoid (ceramide). In plants the monosaccharide is normally glucose and the sphingoid usually phytosphingosine. In animals, the monosaccharide is usually galactose, though this may vary with the tissue and the sphingoid is usually sphingosine or dihydrosphingosine. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1st ed)
Galactosylceramides
Cerebrosides which contain as their polar head group a galactose moiety bound in glycosidic linkage to the hydroxyl group of ceramide. Their accumulation in tissue, due to a defect in beta-galactosidase, is the cause of galactosylceramide lipidosis or globoid cell leukodystrophy.
Forssman Antigen
A glycolipid, cross-species antigen that induces production of antisheep hemolysin. It is present on the tissue cells of many species but absent in humans. It is found in many infectious agents.
Sulfoglycosphingolipids
GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.
Galactosylceramidase
An enzyme that hydrolyzes galactose from ceramide monohexosides. Deficiency of this enzyme may cause globoid cell leukodystrophy (LEUKODYSTROPHY, GLOBOID CELL). EC 3.2.1.46.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Glycolipids
Any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic moiety such as an acylglycerol (see GLYCERIDES), a sphingoid, a ceramide (CERAMIDES) (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate. (From IUPAC's webpage)
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
An N-methylated indoleamine derivative and serotonergic hallucinogen which occurs naturally and ubiquitously in several plant species including Psychotria veridis. It also occurs in trace amounts in mammalian brain, blood, and urine, and is known to act as an agonist or antagonist of certain SEROTONIN RECEPTORS.
Attention
Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating.
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.
Hallucinogens
Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations, and other alterations of mood and thinking. Despite the name, the feature that distinguishes these agents from other classes of drugs is their capacity to induce states of altered perception, thought, and feeling that are not experienced otherwise.
Cues
Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.
Reaction Time
The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.
Williams Syndrome
A disorder caused by hemizygous microdeletion of about 28 genes on chromosome 7q11.23, including the ELASTIN gene. Clinical manifestations include SUPRAVALVULAR AORTIC STENOSIS; MENTAL RETARDATION; elfin facies; impaired visuospatial constructive abilities; and transient HYPERCALCEMIA in infancy. The condition affects both sexes, with onset at birth or in early infancy.
Social Behavior
Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species.
Cultural Evolution
The continuous developmental process of a culture from simple to complex forms and from homogeneous to heterogeneous qualities.
Archaeology
The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.
Cognition
Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate to (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate in the presence of NADP. It is involved in the biosynthesis of VALINE; LEUCINE; ISOLEUCINE; pentothenate and COENZYME A. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.89.

Prior exposure to neurotrophins blocks inhibition of axonal regeneration by MAG and myelin via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. (1/5249)

MAG is a potent inhibitor of axonal regeneration. Here, inhibition by MAG, and myelin in general, is blocked if neurons are exposed to neurotrophins before encountering the inhibitor; priming cerebellar neurons with BDNF or GDNF, but not NGF, or priming DRG neurons with any of these neurotrophins blocks inhibition by MAG/myelin. Dibutyryl cAMP also overcomes inhibition by MAG/myelin, and cAMP is elevated by neurotrophins. A PKA inhibitor present during priming abrogates the block of inhibition. Finally, if neurons are exposed to MAG/myelin and neurotrophins simultaneously, but with the Gi protein inhibitor, inhibition is blocked. We suggest that priming neurons with particular neurotrophins elevates cAMP and activates PKA, which blocks subsequent inhibition of regeneration and that priming is required because MAG/myelin activates a Gi protein, which blocks increases in cAMP. This is important for encouraging axons to regrow in vivo.  (+info)

Receptor mechanisms underlying heterogenic reflexes among the triceps surae muscles of the cat. (2/5249)

The soleus (S), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles of the cat are interlinked by rapid spinal reflex pathways. In the decerebrate state, these heterogenic reflexes are either excitatory and length dependent or inhibitory and force dependent. Mechanographic analysis was used to obtain additional evidence that the muscle spindle primary ending and the Golgi tendon organ provide the major contributions to these reflexes, respectively. The tendons of the triceps surae muscles were separated and connected to independent force transducers and servo-controlled torque motors in unanesthetized, decerebrate cats. The muscles were activated as a group using crossed-extension reflexes. Electrical stimulation of the caudal cutaneous sural nerve was used to provide a particularly strong activation of MG and decouple the forces of the triceps surae muscles. During either form of activation, the muscles were stretched either individually or in various combinations to determine the strength and characteristics of autogenic and heterogenic feedback. The corresponding force responses, including both active and passive components, were measured during the changing background tension. During activation of the entire group, the excitatory, heterogenic feedback linking the three muscles was found to be strongest onto LG and weakest onto MG, in agreement with previous results concerning the strengths of heteronymous Ia excitatory postsynaptic potentials among the triceps surae muscles. The inhibition, which is known to affect only the soleus muscle, was dependent on active contractile force and was detected essentially as rapidly as length dependent excitation. The inhibition outlasted the excitation and was blocked by intravenous strychnine. These results indicate that the excitatory and inhibitory effects are dominated by feedback from primary spindle receptors and Golgi tendon organs. The interactions between these two feedback pathways potentially can influence both the mechanical coupling between ankle and knee.  (+info)

C-PR neuron of Aplysia has differential effects on "Feeding" cerebral interneurons, including myomodulin-positive CBI-12. (3/5249)

Head lifting and other aspects of the appetitive central motive state that precedes consummatory feeding movements in Aplysia is promoted by excitation of the C-PR neuron. Food stimuli activate C-PR as well as a small population of cerebral-buccal interneurons (CBIs). We wished to determine if firing of C-PR produced differential effects on the various CBIs or perhaps affected all the CBIs uniformly as might be expected for a neuron involved in producing a broad undifferentiated arousal state. We found that when C-PR was fired, it produced a wide variety of effects on various CBIs. Firing of C-PR evoked excitatory input to a newly identified CBI (CBI-12) the soma of which is located in the M cluster near the previously identified CBI-2. CBI-12 shares certain properties with CBI-2, including a similar morphology and a capacity to drive rhythmic activity of the buccal-ganglion. Unlike CBI-2, CBI-12 exhibits myomodulin immunoreactivity. Furthermore when C-PR is fired, CBI-12 receives a polysynaptic voltage-dependent slow excitation, whereas, CBI-2 receives relatively little input. C-PR also polysynaptically excites other CBIs including CBI-1 and CBI-8/9 but produces inhibition in CBI-3. In addition, firing of C-PR inhibits plateau potentials in CBI-5/6. The data suggest that activity of C-PR may promote the activity of one subset of cerebral-buccal interneurons, perhaps those involved in ingestive behaviors that occur during the head-up posture. C-PR also inhibits some cerebral-buccal interneurons that may be involved in behaviors in which C-PR activity is not required or may even interfere with other feeding behaviors such as rejection or grazing, that occur with the head down.  (+info)

Gating of afferent input by a central pattern generator. (4/5249)

Intracellular recordings from the sole proprioceptor (the oval organ) in the crab ventilatory system show that the nonspiking afferent fibers from this organ receive a cyclic hyperpolarizing inhibition in phase with the ventilatory motor pattern. Although depolarizing and hyperpolarizing current pulses injected into a single afferent will reset the ventilatory motor pattern, the inhibitory input is of sufficient magnitude to block afferent input to the ventilatory central pattern generator (CPG) for approximately 50% of the cycle period. It is proposed that this inhibitory input serves to gate sensory input to the ventilatory CPG to provide an unambiguous input to the ventilatory CPG.  (+info)

Phase-dependent presynaptic modulation of mechanosensory signals in the locust flight system. (5/5249)

In the locust flight system, afferents of a wing hinge mechanoreceptor, the hindwing tegula, make monosynaptic excitatory connections with motoneurons of the elevator muscles. During flight motor activity, the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) produced by these connections changed in amplitude with the phase of the wingbeat cycle. The largest changes occurred around the phase where elevator motoneurons passed through their minimum membrane potential. This phase-dependent modulation was neither due to flight-related oscillations in motoneuron membrane potential nor to changes in motoneuron input resistance. This indicates that modulation of EPSP amplitude is mediated by presynaptic mechanisms that affect the efficacy of afferent synaptic input. Primary afferent depolarizations (PADs) were recorded in the terminal arborizations of tegula afferents, presynaptic to elevator motoneurons in the same hemiganglion. PADs were attributed to presynaptic inhibitory input because they reduced the input resistance of the afferents and were sensitive to the gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonist picrotoxin. PADs occurred either spontaneously or were elicited by spike activity in the tegula afferents. In summary, afferent signaling in the locust flight system appears to be under presynaptic control, a candidate mechanism of which is presynaptic inhibition.  (+info)

Temperature-dependent modulation of excitatory transmission in hippocampal slices is mediated by extracellular adenosine. (6/5249)

Although extracellular adenosine concentrations in brain are increased markedly by a variety of stimuli such as hypoxia and ischemia, it has been difficult to demonstrate large increases in adenosine with stimuli that do not result in pathological tissue damage. The present studies demonstrate that increasing the temperature at which rat hippocampal brain slices are maintained (typically from 32.5 to 38.5 degrees C) markedly inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission. This effect was reversible on cooling, readily repeatable, and was blocked by A1 receptor antagonists and by adenosine deaminase, suggesting that it was mediated by increased activation of presynaptic adenosine A1 receptors by endogenous adenosine. This increase in adenosinergic inhibition was not a response to hyperthermia per se, because it could be elicited by temperatures that remained entirely within the hypothermic range (e. g., from 32.5 to 35.5 degrees C). The increased activity at A1 receptors appeared to be attributable to the direct release of adenosine via nucleoside transporters; the release of adenine nucleotides, linked to either the activation of NMDA receptors or the increased efflux of cAMP, appeared not to be involved. These results suggest that changes in brain temperature can alter the regulation of extracellular adenosine in rat brain slices and that increased adenosine release may be an important regulatory mechanism for countering increased excitability consequent to increased brain temperature.  (+info)

Coding of sound envelopes by inhibitory rebound in neurons of the superior olivary complex in the unanesthetized rabbit. (7/5249)

Most natural sounds (e.g., speech) are complex and have amplitude envelopes that fluctuate rapidly. A number of studies have examined the neural coding of envelopes, but little attention has been paid to the superior olivary complex (SOC), a constellation of nuclei that receive information from the cochlear nucleus. We studied two classes of predominantly monaural neurons: those that displayed a sustained response to tone bursts and those that gave only a response to the tone offset. Our results demonstrate that the off neurons in the SOC can encode the pattern of amplitude-modulated sounds with high synchrony that is superior to sustained neurons. The upper cutoff frequency and highest modulation frequency at which significant synchrony was present were, on average, slightly higher for off neurons compared with sustained neurons. Finally, most sustained and off neurons encoded the level of pure tones over a wider range of intensities than those reported for auditory nerve fibers and cochlear nucleus neurons. A traditional view of inhibition is that it attenuates or terminates neural activity. Although this holds true for off neurons, the robust discharge when inhibition is released adds a new dimension. For simple sounds (i.e., pure tones), the off response can code a wide range of sound levels. For complex sounds, the off response becomes entrained to each modulation, resulting in a precise temporal coding of the envelope.  (+info)

The superior olivary nucleus and its influence on nucleus laminaris: a source of inhibitory feedback for coincidence detection in the avian auditory brainstem. (8/5249)

Located in the ventrolateral region of the avian brainstem, the superior olivary nucleus (SON) receives inputs from nucleus angularis (NA) and nucleus laminaris (NL) and projects back to NA, NL, and nucleus magnocellularis (NM). The reciprocal connections between the SON and NL are of particular interest because they constitute a feedback circuit for coincidence detection. In the present study, the chick SON was investigated. In vivo tracing studies show that the SON projects predominantly to the ipsilateral NM, NL, and NA. In vitro whole-cell recording reveals single-cell morphology, firing properties, and postsynaptic responses. SON neurons are morphologically and physiologically suited for temporal integration; their firing patterns do not reflect the temporal structure of their excitatory inputs. Of most interest, direct stimulation of the SON evokes long-lasting inhibition in NL neurons. The inhibition blocks both intrinsic spike generation and orthodromically evoked activity in NL neurons and can be eliminated by bicuculline methiodide, a potent antagonist for GABAA receptor-mediated neurotransmission. These results strongly suggest that the SON provides GABAergic inhibitory feedback to laminaris neurons. We discuss a mechanism whereby SON-evoked GABAergic inhibition can influence the coding of interaural time differences for sound localization in the avian auditory brainstem.  (+info)

Enhanced Motion Perception as a Psychophysical Marker for Autism? | Journal of NeuroscienceEnhanced Motion Perception as a Psychophysical Marker for Autism? | Journal of Neuroscience
In recent decades, the incidence of autism has reached epidemic proportions. The ever-mounting burden of disease from autism spectrum disorders highlights the urgency of developing effective treatment options. However, this remains a formidable task. Although autism is characterized by core symptoms, such as impaired communication, social interactions and stereotyped behaviors, it presents heterogeneously. This makes diagnostics challenging and might suggest diverse underlying pathologies. Fortunately, research is beginning to elucidate the neurophysiological basis of autism, namely, reduced neural inhibition, increasing the excitation/inhibition ratio (Rubenstein and Merzenich, 2003). In addition, individuals with autism exhibit an increased intertrial variability in response to sensory stimuli when probed with neuroimaging methods (Dinstein et al., 2012).. What are the perceptual consequences of such physiological effects in individuals with autism? Neural inhibition plays a fundamental role ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/33/37/14631.full
Suppression and facilitation of human neural responses | eLifeSuppression and facilitation of human neural responses | eLife
Spatial suppression during motion perception reflects reduced neural response magnitudes in visual areas but is not primarily driven by neural inhibition.
https://elifesciences.org/articles/30334
How inhibition shapes cortical activityHow inhibition shapes cortical activity
Cortical processing reflects the interplay of synaptic excitation and synaptic inhibition. Rapidly accumulating evidence is highlighting the crucial role of inhibition in shaping spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity and thus underscores how a better knowledge of inhibitory circuits is ne …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22017986/?dopt=Abstract
ModelDB: Inhibitory plasticity balances excitation and inhibition (Vogels et al. 2011)ModelDB: Inhibitory plasticity balances excitation and inhibition (Vogels et al. 2011)
Cortical neurons receive balanced excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents. Such a balance could be established and maintained in an experience-dependent manner by synaptic plasticity at inhibitory synapses. We show that this mechanism provides an explanation for the sparse firing patterns observed in response to natural stimuli and fits well with a recently observed interaction of excitatory and inhibitory receptive field plasticity. ... Our results suggest an essential role of inhibitory plasticity in the formation and maintenance of functional cortical circuitry ...
https://senselab.med.yale.edu/ModelDB/ShowModel?model=143751
GABAB receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition in guinea-pig hippocampus is caused by reduction of presynaptic Ca2+ influx. -...GABAB receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition in guinea-pig hippocampus is caused by reduction of presynaptic Ca2+ influx. -...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7562607?dopt=Abstract
ModelDB: CA1 pyr cell: Inhibitory modulation of spatial selectivity+phase precession (Grienberger et al 2017)ModelDB: CA1 pyr cell: Inhibitory modulation of spatial selectivity+phase precession (Grienberger et al 2017)
I) To install on a local machine: 1) install anaconda python, includes ipython, numpy, matplotlib https://docs.continuum.io/anaconda/install add additional ipyparallel package: conda install ipyparallel 2) download neuron from: http://www.neuron.yale.edu/ftp/neuron/versions/alpha/nrn-7.4.rel-1390.tar.gz or install from mercurial cd ~/neuron hg clone http://www.neuron.yale.edu/hg/neuron/nrn -r Release 7.4 hg clone http://www.neuron.yale.edu/hg/neuron/iv following tips from: http://www.neuron.yale.edu/neuron/download/compilestd_osx http://www.neuron.yale.edu/phpBB/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=3051#p12584 and making sure to execute these commands before running make: export CFLAGS=-Qunused-arguments export CXXFLAGS=-Qunused-arguments cd nrn/src/nrnmpi sh mkdynam.sh 3) Install btmorph from http://btmorph.readthedocs.org/en/latest/readme.html#installation 4) Make sure ~/neuron/nrnenv includes: export IDIR=/Applications/NEURON-7.4 export IV=$IDIR/iv export N=$IDIR/nrn export CPU=x86_64 export ...
https://senselab.med.yale.edu/ModelDB/ShowModel.cshtml?model=225080&file=%2FGrienbergerEtAl2017%2Freadme.txt
Exercise PerformanceExercise Performance
Figure 2. Actin and myosin movement in relaxed muscle versus contracted muscle. The less contact between actin and myosin, the less force produced.. One study by Fletcher and Jones (2004) on 97 male rugby union players showed a significant decrease in sprint times for the passive static stretch group. This could be due the mechanical impact of stretching on the muscle, kinematic differences, or neural inhibition which decreases the neural drive to muscle. Dynamic stretching focuses on moving through a range of motion repeatedly and mimics motion that will occur during exercise. Fletcher and Jones (2004) study showed more beneficial performance results from active dynamic stretching prior to sprinting though. The active dynamic stretch group of rugby players improved their sprint times significantly.. These results could be explained by information in a systematic review of studies on stretching and exercise by McGowan et al. (2015). This review showed that dynamic stretching increases the ...
https://sites.udel.edu/coe-engex/tag/exercise-performance/
Vision Loss Shifts the Balance of Feedforward and Intracortical Circuits in Opposite Directions in Mouse Primary Auditory and...Vision Loss Shifts the Balance of Feedforward and Intracortical Circuits in Opposite Directions in Mouse Primary Auditory and...
Inhibitory circuitry is responsible for sharpening the functional tuning of primary sensory cortical neurons (Liu et al., 2011; Li et al., 2014). We found that DE cross-modally increases inhibition in both L4 and L2/3 of A1 via distinct mechanisms (Figs. 4, 5). We found potentiation of evoked IPSCs from PV+ interneurons without changes in mIPSCs in A1-L4, but only mIPSC frequency was increased in A1-L2/3. The specific potentiation of PV+-IPSCs in A1-L4 is of interest in light of a recent report showing that PV+ interneuron-mediated inhibition is exquisitely balanced to the strength of excitatory synapses in each principal neuron (Xue et al., 2014). Therefore, potentiation of PV+-IPSCs may reflect this process to match inhibitory strength to the potentiation of TC and recurrent excitatory synapses on A1-L4 neurons after DE. The lack of a change in PV+-IPSCs in A1-L2/3 may then be due to the opposite regulation of excitatory FF and intracortical synaptic strengths, which may not produce a net ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/35/23/8790.long
Frontiers | The Diversity of Cortical Inhibitory Synapses | Frontiers in Neural CircuitsFrontiers | The Diversity of Cortical Inhibitory Synapses | Frontiers in Neural Circuits
The most typical and well known inhibitory action in the cortical microcircuit is a strong inhibition on the target neuron by axo-somatic synapses. However, it has become clear that synaptic inhibition in the cortex is much more diverse and complicated. Firstly, at least ten or more inhibitory non-pyramidal cell subtypes engage in diverse inhibitory functions to produce the elaborate activity characteristic of the different cortical states. Each distinct non-pyramidal cell subtype has its own independent inhibitory function. Secondly, the inhibitory synapses innervate different neuronal domains, such as axons, spines, dendrites and soma, and their IPSP size is not uniform. Thus cortical inhibition is highly complex, with a wide variety of anatomical and physiological modes. Moreover, the functional significance of the various inhibitory synapse innervation styles and their unique structural dynamic behaviors differ from those of excitatory synapses. In this review, we summarize our current understanding
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2016.00027/full
Plus itPlus it
Reviewer 1:. This is well-written paper that presents a very relevant study on the effect of tumors on brain dynamics. Using rigorous methods and a state-of-the-art pipeline the authors show a disruption on the local inhibition in the tumour areas (all code and preprocessing pipeline is available). This paper will have a positive impact in the both clinical and research community. Here there are some suggestions that may improve the final manuscript:. Data was corrected for participants motivation, level of emotional distress, lesion volume, age and sex. Where the interaction between those confounders considered (age x gender, age x lesion volume, etc.)? I dont mean that they should be included (all combination will considerably reduce the degrees of freedom) but the authors should specify whether interaction were included or not.. In glioma patients, tumor regions were defined as those cortical areas of the individual FreeSurfer parcellation that showed (at least partial) overlap with the ...
https://www.eneuro.org/content/5/3/ENEURO.0083-18.2018
Development of dendritic tonic GABAergic inhibition regulates excitability and plasticity in CA1 pyramidal neurons. | Sigma...Development of dendritic tonic GABAergic inhibition regulates excitability and plasticity in CA1 pyramidal neurons. | Sigma...
Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Martine R Groen, Ole Paulsen, Enrique Pérez-Garci, Thomas Nevian, J Wortel, Marinus P Dekker, Huibert D Mansvelder, Arjen van Ooyen, Rhiannon M Meredith].
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/24760781
Class of Cortical Inhibitory Neurons Identified That Specialize in DisinhibitionClass of Cortical Inhibitory Neurons Identified That Specialize in Disinhibition
Cerebral cortex contains two major types of neurons: interneurons that are inhibitory and principal neurons that are excitatory, all interconnected within the same network.
http://www.medindia.net/news/class-of-cortical-inhibitory-neurons-identified-that-specialize-in-disinhibition-126101-1.htm
UH Biocomputation Group - Loss of sensory input causes rapid structural changes of inhibitory neurons in adult mouse visual...UH Biocomputation Group - Loss of sensory input causes rapid structural changes of inhibitory neurons in adult mouse visual...
A fundamental property of neuronal circuits is the ability to adapt to altered sensory inputs. It is well established that the functional synaptic changes underlying this adaptation are reflected by structural modifications in excitatory neurons. In contrast, the degree to which structural plasticity in inhibitory neurons accompanies functional changes is less clear. Here, we use two-photon imaging to monitor the fine structure of inhibitory neurons in mouse visual cortex after deprivation induced by retinal lesions. We find that a subset of inhibitory neurons carry dendritic spines, which form glutamatergic synapses. Removal of visual input correlates with a rapid and lasting reduction in the number of inhibitory cell spines. Similar to the effects seen for dendritic spines, the number of inhibitory neuron boutons dropped sharply after retinal lesions. Together, these data suggest that structural changes in inhibitory neurons may precede structural changes in excitatory circuitry, which ...
http://biocomputation.herts.ac.uk/2017/04/24/loss-of-sensory-input-causes-rapid-structural-changes-of-inhibitory-neurons-in-adult-mouse-visual-cortex.html
The columnar and laminar organization of inhibitory connections to neocortical excitatory cells. - Oxford NeuroscienceThe columnar and laminar organization of inhibitory connections to neocortical excitatory cells. - Oxford Neuroscience
The cytoarchitectonic similarities of different neocortical regions have given rise to the idea of canonical connectivity between excitatory neurons of different layers within a column. It is unclear whether similarly general organizational principles also exist for inhibitory neocortical circuits. Here we delineate and compare local inhibitory-to-excitatory wiring patterns in all principal layers of primary motor (M1), somatosensory (S1) and visual (V1) cortex, using genetically targeted photostimulation in a mouse knock-in line that conditionally expresses channelrhodopsin-2 in GABAergic neurons. Inhibitory inputs to excitatory neurons derived largely from the same cortical layer within a three-column diameter. However, subsets of pyramidal cells in layers 2/3 and 5B received extensive translaminar inhibition. These neurons were prominent in V1, where they might correspond to complex cells, less numerous in barrel cortex and absent in M1. Although inhibitory connection patterns were stereotypical,
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/307992
Frontiers | Methods for recording and measuring tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition | Frontiers in Neural CircuitsFrontiers | Methods for recording and measuring tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition | Frontiers in Neural Circuits
Tonic inhibitory conductances mediated by GABAA receptors have now been identified and characterised in many different brain regions. Most experimental studies of tonic GABAergic inhibition have been carried out using acute brain slice preparations but tonic currents have been recorded under a variety of different conditions. This diversity of recording conditions is likely to impact upon many of the factors responsible for controlling tonic inhibition and can make comparison between different studies difficult. In this review, we will firstly consider how various experimental conditions, including age of animal, recording temperature and solution composition, are likely to influence tonic GABAA conductances. We will then consider some technical considerations related to how the tonic conductance is measured and subsequently analysed, including how the use of current noise may provide a complementary and reliable method for quantifying changes in tonic current.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2013.00193/full
Inhibitory synapses influence signals in the brain with high precision - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comInhibitory synapses influence signals in the brain with high precision - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
The human brain is made up of around 100 billion nerve cells, each of which is connected to other cells by several hundred to thousands of synapses. Apart from our organ and physiological functions, the way we think, act and feel are controlled by the synaptic transmission of information - many quadrillion impulses occur every second. Excitatory synapses that pass the information between cells and inhibitory synapses that limit and change the flow of information are needed for this huge flow of data to run on regulated tracks.. Any disruption to the function of the inhibitory synapses shows how important the suppression of unwanted signals is: there is increased excitation of the brain, such as is seen in epilepsy. Moreover, in order to learn or to remember, the brain needs nerve cells that regulate the activity of other nerve cells. The majority of these inhibitory synapses dock onto the receiver unit of the target cell, the dendrites. Until now, however, there has been no research into exactly ...
https://www.healthcanal.com/alternative-therapies/66093-inhibitory-synapses-influence-signals-in-the-brain-with-high-precision.html
An E3-ligase-based method for ablating inhibitory synapses. | Yves De Koninck laboratoryAn E3-ligase-based method for ablating inhibitory synapses. | Yves De Koninck laboratory
Although neuronal activity can be modulated using a variety of techniques, there are currently few methods for controlling neuronal connectivity. We introduce a tool (GFE3) that mediates the fast, specific and reversible elimination of inhibitory synaptic inputs onto genetically determined neurons. GFE3 is a fusion between an E3 ligase, which mediates the ubiquitination and rapid degradation of proteins, and a recombinant, antibody-like protein (FingR) that binds to gephyrin. Expression of GFE3 leads to a strong and specific reduction of gephyrin in culture or in vivo and to a substantial decrease in phasic inhibition onto cells that express GFE3. By temporarily expressing GFE3 we showed that inhibitory synapses regrow following ablation. Thus, we have created a simple, reversible method for modulating inhibitory synaptic input onto genetically determined cells.. ...
http://ydklab.org/biblio/e3-ligase-based-method-ablating-inhibitory-synapses
Long-Term Modification at Inhibitory Synapses in Developing Visual Cortex | SpringerLinkLong-Term Modification at Inhibitory Synapses in Developing Visual Cortex | SpringerLink
Involvement of bidirectional modification at excitatory synapses in experience-dependent cortical maturation has been supported by various experimental data in visual cortex. Experiments using slice p
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-6978-1_2
Neurones.co.ukNeurones.co.uk
Inhibitory synapses release an inhibitory neurotransmitter that produces a transient hyperpolarisation called an Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential (IPSP). The mechanism is not dissimilar to that described above, except that the neurotransmitter acts on a different ligand-gated channel that opens the channel to potassium and/or chloride ions. The equilibrium potential of the IPSP is between -70 and -90 mV. As a result, when the membrane is already depolarised, the ion movements hyperpolarise the post-synaptic membrane. ...
http://neurones.co.uk/Neurosciences/Tutorials/M1/M.1.B.1%20Synapses.html
Assignment 4.docx - 1 2 3 4 What is lateral inhibition What is the role of the horizontal neurons in lateral inhibition What...Assignment 4.docx - 1 2 3 4 What is lateral inhibition What is the role of the horizontal neurons in lateral inhibition What...
View Homework Help - Assignment 4.docx from BIO 3303 at University of Ottawa. 1. 2. 3. 4. What is lateral inhibition? What is the role of the horizontal neurons in lateral inhibition? What would
https://www.coursehero.com/file/37021172/Assignment-4docx/
Three Dimensional Crystal Structure of Dipeptide-Chymotrypsin Complex Revealed a Novel Inhibitory Interaction<...Three Dimensional Crystal Structure of Dipeptide-Chymotrypsin Complex Revealed a Novel Inhibitory Interaction<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Three Dimensional Crystal Structure of Dipeptide-Chymotrypsin Complex Revealed a Novel Inhibitory Interaction. AU - Maeda, Iori. AU - Kashima, Akiko. AU - Inoue, Yoshihisa. AU - Sugio, Shigetoshi. AU - Nose, Takeru. AU - Shimohigashi, Yasuyuki. PY - 1997/3. Y1 - 1997/3. M3 - Chapter (peer-reviewed). SP - 229. EP - 232. BT - Peptide Chemistry 1996. ER - ...
https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/three-dimensional-crystal-structure-of-dipeptide-chymotrypsin-com
Transplanted Inhibitory NeuronsTransplanted Inhibitory Neurons
These are transplanted inhibitory neurons (green) successfully incorporated into the hippocampus of a mouse with traumatic brain injury.
https://www.technologynetworks.com/tn/editors-pics/transplanted-inhibitory-neurons-327374
Interneuron CICInterneuron CIC
Interneuron is a different kind of health+care IT organisation. Unlike typical companies we have a different purpose. Interneuron is a Community Interest Company (CIC) and we exist primarily for the benefit of those in need of health and social care. To this purpose we are committed to being open, ethical and accountable. Interneuron is: PROFESSIONALInterneuron…
https://interneuron.org/
To further characterize the inhibitory activity of 20(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, NF-kB activity in HaCaT and normal human...To further characterize the inhibitory activity of 20(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, NF-kB activity in HaCaT and normal human...
This impact was no for a longer time noticed after 48 hours. Remedy with one,25(OH)2D3 also had related inhibitory influence of NF-kB action (info not proven).
http://www.ghsrinhibitor.com/2016/12/21/to-further-characterize-the-inhibitory-activity-of-20ohd3-and-125oh2d3-nf-kb-activity-in-hacat-and-normal-human-keratinocytes-was-stimulated-by-two-agents-known-to-induce-nfkb-activity-lps-or-i/
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Used to Both Measure Cortical Excitability and Explore Methamphetamine Cue Craving - Full...Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Used to Both Measure Cortical Excitability and Explore Methamphetamine Cue Craving - Full...
Specific Primary Aims include:. Aim # 1. The investigators explore the feasibility of using the TMS to investigate the cortical excitability and to inhibit meth cue craving in meth dependent population. The investigators anticipate that meth elevates cortical excitability measured by motor threshold, causes changes of cortical silent period, and RC. The investigators also anticipate that paired pulse measures (short-interval intracortical inhibition, short-interval intracortical facilitation and long-interval intracortical inhibition) will be different from healthy control, which are more directly linked to glutamatergic cortical facilitation and GABAergic inhibition, respectively.. Aim # 2. Given the change of the cortical excitability in meth users, the investigators will use inhibiting TMS (1 Hz) over medial prefrontal cortex to study whether TMS can be used to reduce cue craving. The investigators hypothesize that repetitive TMS reduce meth cue craving in meth dependent population compared ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01685463?recr=Open&cond=%22Methamphetamine%22&rank=10
Optical inhibition of larval zebrafish behaviour with anion channelrhodopsins | BMC Biology | Full TextOptical inhibition of larval zebrafish behaviour with anion channelrhodopsins | BMC Biology | Full Text
Optical silencing of activity provides a way to test the necessity of neurons in behaviour. Two light-gated anion channels, GtACR1 and GtACR2, have recently been shown to potently inhibit activity in cultured mammalian neurons and in Drosophila. Here, we test the usefulness of these channels in larval zebrafish, using spontaneous coiling behaviour as the assay. When the GtACRs were expressed in spinal neurons of embryonic zebrafish and actuated with blue or green light, spontaneous movement was inhibited. In GtACR1-expressing fish, only 3 μW/mm2 of light was sufficient to have an effect; GtACR2, which is poorly trafficked, required slightly stronger illumination. No inhibition was seen in non-expressing siblings. After light offset, the movement of GtACR-expressing fish increased, which suggested that termination of light-induced neural inhibition may lead to activation. Consistent with this, two-photon imaging of spinal neurons showed that blue light inhibited spontaneous activity in spinal neurons of
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-017-0430-2/figures/3
Reducing peak temperatures during infrared inhibition of neural potentials | (2017) | Ford | Publications | SpieReducing peak temperatures during infrared inhibition of neural potentials | (2017) | Ford | Publications | Spie
Pulsed infrared (IR) light has been used in multiple animal models to inhibit neural activity. Duke et al. reported inhibition associated with a temperature increase of ~8°C in Aplysia californica buccal nerve 2 (BN2). There is no evidence that the current irradiation schemes alters nerve functionality, however lower temperatures provide a safer environment for sustained inhibition. Inhibition paradigms use a single optical fiber to deliver IR light, resulting in a single hotspot within the nerve. One proposed method for decreasing peak temperatures is to use a lower radiant exposure over a greater area, effectively heating the nerve more evenly. Preliminary computational modeling suggests that using two axially adjacent optical fibers reduces peak temperatures required for infrared neural inhibition (INI). This hypothesis is being validated in vitro in Aplysia. Pleural abdominal nerves were dissected out, and suction electrodes were applied to electrically stimulate and record neural activity. ...
http://spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Paper/10.1117/12.2250019
Changes in the balance between motor cortical excitation and inhibition in focal, task specific dystonia. | Journal of...Changes in the balance between motor cortical excitation and inhibition in focal, task specific dystonia. | Journal of...
If patients could recognise themselves, or anyone else could recognise a patient from your description, please obtain the patients written consent to publication and send them to the editorial office before submitting your response [Patient consent forms] ...
https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/59/5/493.responses
Effects of lorazepam on short latency afferent inhibition and short latency intracortical inhibition in humansEffects of lorazepam on short latency afferent inhibition and short latency intracortical inhibition in humans
Experimental studies have demonstrated that the GABAergic system modulates acetylcholine release and, through GABA(A) receptors, tonically inhibits cholinergic activity. Little is known about the effects of GABA on the cholinergic activity in the human central nervous system. In vivo evaluation of s …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15718269/?dopt=Abstract
OpenEmory | Search ResultsOpenEmory | Search Results
Appropriate growth and synaptic integration of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons are essential for functional neural circuits in the brain. Here, we demonstrate that disruption of primary cilia function following the selective loss of ciliary GTPase Arl13b in interneurons impairs interneuronal morphology and synaptic connectivity, leading to altered excitatory/inhibitory activity balance. The altered morphology and connectivity of cilia mutant interneurons and the functional deficits are rescued by either chemogenetic activation of ciliary G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling or the selective induction of Sstr3, a ciliary GPCR, in Arl13b-deficient cilia. Our results thus define a specific requirement for primary cilia-mediated GPCR signaling in interneuronal connectivity and inhibitory circuit formation ...
https://open.library.emory.edu/publications/search/?keywords=brain&keywords=mechan&subject=Biology%2C+Neuroscience&keywords=b
Transplanted interneurons can help reduce fear in mice | EurekAlert! Science NewsTransplanted interneurons can help reduce fear in mice | EurekAlert! Science News
The expression once bitten, twice shy is an illustration of how a bad experience can induce fear and caution. How to effectively reduce the memory of aversive events is a fundamental question in neuroscience. Scientists in China are reporting that by transplanting mouse embryonic interneurons into the brains of mice and combining that procedure with training to lessen fear, they can help to reduce the fear response. The study is being published in Neuron.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-12/cp-tic120116.php
Figures and data in Native KCC2 interactome reveals PACSIN1 as a critical regulator of synaptic inhibition | eLifeFigures and data in Native KCC2 interactome reveals PACSIN1 as a critical regulator of synaptic inhibition | eLife
Unbiased functional proteomics reveal that protein interactions are a key regulator of the strength of synaptic inhibition in neurons of the central nervous system.
https://elifesciences.org/articles/28270/figures
Glucagon and Related ReceptorsGlucagon and Related Receptors
Supplementary MaterialsSupporting information. and impaired cue-based learning.10 Examination of MSNs electrophysiology in brain slices revealed decreased tonic GABAergic inhibition and increased glutamatergic excitation, which advertised enhanced firing rates Rabbit polyclonal to HSD17B13 observed in vivo.10 In addition, GPR88 re-expression normalized these impaired behaviors and electrophysiological properties, indicating that GPR88 dysfunction may contribute to abnormal behaviors observed in basal ganglia-associated disorders… More →. ...
http://www.ecologicalsgardens.com/category/glucagon-and-related-receptors/
2.8 Week | ABUNDANT LIFE @ AC2.8 Week | ABUNDANT LIFE @ AC
EWOD 1 (1 pt): Short interval: Run: 4 rounds of 90s on, :60s off EWOD 2 (1 pt): Long interval: Run: Repeat 800m, recover 2:00 until form/pace deteriorates. EWOD 3 (2 pts): Choose ONE of the following ...
https://abundantlife.hwacollege.org/?p=3844&replytocom=4651
The integration of interneurons into the developing brain: both Nature and Nurture | Max Planck Florida InstituteThe integration of interneurons into the developing brain: both Nature and Nurture | Max Planck Florida Institute
2014-15 MPFI Seminar Series Fundamental to understanding brain function is gaining an appreciation of how the it is assembled. Inhibitory interneurons
https://www.maxplanckflorida.org/events/scientific-seminars/the-integration-of-cortical-interneurons-in-circuitry-both-nurture-and-nature/
SICI - MollyjDVqBSICI - MollyjDVqB
Sici Piscine è lazienda specializzata nella vendita, progettazione e costruzione di piscine per qualunque ambiente interno o esterno, pubblico o privato. Manutenzione piscine a 360°. Progettazione su misure e realizzazioni.
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Markdown cells | DataloreMarkdown cells | Datalore
Depending on the output, you can have rich text or mathematics for Markdown cell output. By default, the layout of a Markdown cell displays both its input and output vertically stacked. You can select how they are displayed. Go to Main menu , View and try different options ...
https://www.jetbrains.com/help/datalore/markdown-cells.html
Inhibitory modulation of cutaneous vascular responses by endogenous galanin in the pigeon<...Inhibitory modulation of cutaneous vascular responses by endogenous galanin in the pigeon<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Inhibitory modulation of cutaneous vascular responses by endogenous galanin in the pigeon. AU - Sántha, P.. AU - Pierau, Friedrich Karl. AU - Jancsó, G.. PY - 1999/9/24. Y1 - 1999/9/24. N2 - The possible role of endogenous galanin in modulation of cutaneous vascular responses was studied in pigeons. Chemically induced plasma extravasation and regional skin blood flow changes were measured simultaneously with a capillary perfusion technique and a laser Doppler imager, respectively. Perfusion with both histamine and bradykinin increased plasma protein extravasation which was dose-dependently and significantly augmented by co-administration of M35, a specific galanin antagonist. This effect of M35 was abolished after chronic cutaneous denervation. In intact but not denervated skin, M35 increased the vasodilatatory effect of histamine, too. It is suggested that galanin-containing nerves may play an inhibitory efferent role in the modulation of cutaneous inflammatory responses. ...
https://hungary.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/inhibitory-modulation-of-cutaneous-vascular-responses-by-endogeno
PLOS ONE: Multi-Stability and Pattern-Selection in Oscillatory Networks with Fast Inhibition and Electrical SynapsesPLOS ONE: Multi-Stability and Pattern-Selection in Oscillatory Networks with Fast Inhibition and Electrical Synapses
A model or hybrid network consisting of oscillatory cells interconnected by inhibitory and electrical synapses may express different stable activity patterns without any change of network topology or parameters, and switching between the patterns can be induced by specific transient signals. However, little is known of properties of such signals. In the present study, we employ numerical simulations of neural networks of different size composed of relaxation oscillators, to investigate switching between in-phase (IP) and anti-phase (AP) activity patterns. We show that the time windows of susceptibility to switching between the patterns are similar in 2-, 4- and 6-cell fully-connected networks. Moreover, in a network (N = 4, 6) expressing a given AP pattern, a stimulus with a given profile consisting of depolarizing and hyperpolarizing signals sent to different subpopulations of cells can evoke switching to another AP pattern. Interestingly, the resulting pattern encodes the profile of the switching
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/related?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0003830
Consistent and Fast Inhibition of Colon Carcinogenesis by Polyethylene Glycol in Mice and Rats Given Various Carcinogens |...Consistent and Fast Inhibition of Colon Carcinogenesis by Polyethylene Glycol in Mice and Rats Given Various Carcinogens |...
Fig. 1. Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced ACF in the colon of rats by polyethylene glycols (PEG) of various molecular weights given at 5% in the drinking water for 30 d (see Methods, study 5). Data from two sequential experiments are shown here, and are plotted as percent of control values, i.e., 135 ± 33 and 81 ± 13 ACF in the first (hatched bars) and second (empty bars) experiment, respectively. Molecular weights are given in dalton, or kilodalton (k). Data are mean and SD from 10 rats (control groups), 4 rats (hatched bars), or 8 rats (empty bars). A star indicates that P , 0.01 compared with respective control value (Dunnetts test made on the actual numbers of ACF).. ...
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/60/12/3160.figures-only
The Continuing Case for the Renshaw Cell by Francisco J. Alvarez and Robert E.W. FyffeThe Continuing Case for the Renshaw Cell by Francisco J. Alvarez and Robert E.W. Fyffe
Renshaw cell properties have been studied extensively for over 50 years, making them a uniquely well-defined class of spinal interneuron. Recent work has revealed novel ways to identify Renshaw cells in situ and this in turn has promoted a range of studies that have determined their ontogeny and organization of synaptic inputs in unprecedented detail. In this review we illustrate how mature Renshaw cell properties and connectivity arise through a combination of activity-dependent and genetically specified mechanisms. These new insights should aid the development of experimental strategies to manipulate Renshaw cells in spinal circuits and clarify their role in modulating motor output.
https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/ncbp/354/
A specialized subclass of interneurons mediates dopaminergic facilitation of amygdala function - edocA specialized subclass of interneurons mediates dopaminergic facilitation of amygdala function - edoc
The amygdala is under inhibitory control from the cortex through the activation of local GABAergic interneurons. This inhibition is greatly diminished during heightened emotional states due to dopamine release. However, dopamine excites most amygdala interneurons, suggesting that this dopaminergic gate may be mediated by an unknown subpopulation of interneurons. We hypothesized that this gate is mediated by paracapsular intercalated cells, a subset of interneurons that are innervated by both cortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic afferents. Using transgenic mice that express GFP in GABAergic interneurons, we show that paracapsular cells form a network surrounding the basolateral complex of the amygdala. We found that they provide feedforward inhibition into the basolateral and the central amygdala. Dopamine hyperpolarized paracapsular cells through D1 receptors and substantially suppressed their excitability, resulting in a disinhibition of the basolateral and central nuclei. Suppression of the ...
https://edoc.unibas.ch/3645/
Action selection and refinement in subcortical loops through basal ganglia and cerebellum | Philosophical Transactions of the...Action selection and refinement in subcortical loops through basal ganglia and cerebellum | Philosophical Transactions of the...
Presynaptic inhibition should give rise to a computationally powerful mechanism for pattern classification. Beiser & Houk (1998) found that, since the equilibrium potential for postsynaptic GABAergic inhibition (ECl in figure 3b) is between the down- and up-state of spiny neurons, this mechanism for mediating competition between neighbouring spiny neurons is quite sensitive to spontaneous membrane potential and to model parameters. It performed better than feed-forward inhibition, but it was not optimal. Presynaptic inhibition has no equilibrium potential-it just reduces the synaptic input regardless of the membrane potential of the spiny neuron (figure 3b). This presynaptic advantage reflects a qualitative principled effect that should be robust to parameter selection.. We modelled a minimal network of recurrent loops from cortex through basal ganglia and back to cortex that encodes the serial order of two visual cues, A and B (figure 4). The reader is also referred to the implementation ...
http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/362/1485/1573
HBIGS International PhD Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology - Projects public - Open positionHBIGS International PhD Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology - Projects public - Open position
The nervous system is built from a large number of different neuron types, and their connectivity is accurately tuned to support normal nervous system function. These same neuronal circuits must also remain plastic in postembryonic life in order to adapt to changing environmental and/ or behavioural requirements. Plasticity in function is constrained by homeostatic regulation, maintaining circuit activity at pre-determined set levels of activity. Thus, synaptic efficacy, membrane excitability, and the balance of excitatory and inhibitory drive are continuously balanced, contributing to the stability of neuronal function over time. The cellular and molecular adaptations that underlie this shift in synaptic drive so far remain elusive ...
https://hbigs.system08.de/intern/propub_map_for.php?a=0300007590000000000000000000000000000000100007701410000
Masterweb ReportsMasterweb Reports
Translational inhibition due to CHEAP RETIN-A the fact that the path of the excitation occurs Br neuron. recurrent inhibition Carried intercalary brake cells (Renshaw). Axons of buy nolvadex online canada motor neurons often give collaterals (branches), ending with Renshaw cells. Renshaw cell axons terminate on the body or dendrites of the motor neuron, forming inhibitory synapses. Arousal that occurs in motor neurons travel in a straight path to the skeletal muscle, as well as collaterals to inhibitory neurons, which send impulses to motoneurons and inhibits them. The stronger the motor neuron excitation, the more excited Renshaw cells and the more intense they exert their inhibitory effect, which protects nerve cells from overstimulation. lateral inhibition ...
http://nigeriamasterweb.com/Masterweb/reports_view?page=0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C7
NewsBreaking 13/5/17 - Kyari absent as Osinbajo presides over FEC meeting | Masterweb ReportsNewsBreaking 13/5/17 - Kyari absent as Osinbajo presides over FEC meeting | Masterweb Reports
Translational inhibition due to CHEAP RETIN-A the fact that the path of the excitation occurs Br neuron. recurrent inhibition Carried intercalary brake cells (Renshaw). Axons of buy nolvadex online canada motor neurons often give collaterals (branches), ending with Renshaw cells. Renshaw cell axons terminate on the body or dendrites of the motor neuron, forming inhibitory synapses. Arousal that occurs in motor neurons travel in a straight path to the skeletal muscle, as well as collaterals to inhibitory neurons, which send impulses to motoneurons and inhibits them. The stronger the motor neuron excitation, the more excited Renshaw cells and the more intense they exert their inhibitory effect, which protects nerve cells from overstimulation. lateral inhibition ...
http://nigeriamasterweb.com/Masterweb/newsbreaking-13517-kyari-absent-osinbajo-presides-over-fec-meeting
Receptors, Amino Acid | Semantic ScholarReceptors, Amino Acid | Semantic Scholar
Cell surface proteins that bind amino acids and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors are the most common receptors for fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the vertebrate central nervous system, and GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and glycine receptors are the most common receptors for fast inhibition.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/Receptors%2C-Amino-Acid/2092545
Publications - MaxWell BiosystemsPublications - MaxWell Biosystems
abstract = {Electrophysiological data from in vivo and slice preparations show that inhibitory neurons had shorter duration action potentials (AP) than excitatory neurons. However, this criterion has not yet been established in dissociated cultured neurons. In the present study, we used a high-density CMOS microelectrode array to extracellularly investigate neural signals in primary dissociated cultures of rat neocortex, and we characterized AP waveforms to discriminate excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The CMOS array offers the possibility to acquire comprehensive spatio-temporal neural activity patterns with 11,011 electrodes in about 2×1.75 mm2 area at 20-kHz sampling rate. The waveforms of APs were investigated around cell bodies of neurons, which were classified into either excitatory neurons or inhibitory neurons on the basis of MAP2 and GABA immunostaining images. Consistent with previous in vivo and slice studies, we demonstrated that AP waveforms of inhibitory neurons had shorter ...
https://www.mxwbio.com/resources/publications/?tgid=140
Development of Inhibitory Transmission in Central CircuitsDevelopment of Inhibitory Transmission in Central Circuits
Central vagal neurons receive both glycinergic and GABAergic inhibitory inputs at early postnatal timepoints, but adult vagal efferent motoneurons receive only inhibitory GABAergic synaptic inputs. This surely points to the loss of glycinergic inhibit
https://jneurophysiol.podbean.com/e/development-of-inhibitory-transmission-in-central-circuits/
Postsynaptic Inhibition: Intracellular Effects of Various Ions in Spinal Motoneurons | SciencePostsynaptic Inhibition: Intracellular Effects of Various Ions in Spinal Motoneurons | Science
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Science.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/166/3905/625
Lumina Gold Announces Second Minera | Lumina Gold Corp.Lumina Gold Announces Second Minera | Lumina Gold Corp.
Highlights: New drilling at Gran Bestia significantly expands the Cangrejos Project with a second deposit Long intervals of mineralization in t
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T-0156T-0156
"Stimulation of Neural Stem Cell Proliferation by Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 5". Stem Cells International. 2014: 878397. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-0156
Catastrophic interferenceCatastrophic interference
As its name suggests, this rule helps the neural network to learn only the components of a new input that differ from an old ... Interference and Inhibition in Cognition. pp. 329-361. doi:10.1016/B978-012208930-5/50011-8. ISBN 978-0-12-208930-5. Kortge, C ... Neural networks are an important part of the network approach and connectionist approach to cognitive science. With these ... During training of the neural network on a new task, changes to the weights of the network are made less likely the greater ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrophic_interference
Computational neuroscienceComputational neuroscience
Machens CK, Romo R, Brody CD (2005). "Flexible control of mutual inhibition: a neural model of two-interval discrimination". ... such as neural modeling, brain theory and neural networks. The proceedings of this definitional meeting were published in 1990 ... Browne, A. (1997-01-01). Neural Network Perspectives on Cognition and Adaptive Robotics. CRC Press. ISBN 9780750304559.. ... Michael A. Arbib; Shun-ichi Amari; Prudence H. Arbib (2002). The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks. Cambridge, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_neuroscientist
Genes, Brain and BehaviorGenes, Brain and Behavior
... increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems". Genes, Brain and Behavior. 2 (5): 255-67. doi:10.1034/j.1601- ... neural, and psychiatric genetics. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the International Behavioural and Neural ... Genes, Brain and Behavior is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the International Behavioural and Neural Genetics ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genes,_Brain_and_Behavior
Long non-coding RNALong non-coding RNA
Yik JH, Chen R, Nishimura R, Jennings JL, Link AJ, Zhou Q (October 2003). "Inhibition of P-TEFb (CDK9/Cyclin T) kinase and RNA ... It has been suggested through multiple studies that testis, and neural tissues express the greatest amount of long non-coding ... Tiedge H, Fremeau RT, Weinstock PH, Arancio O, Brosius J (March 1991). "Dendritic location of neural BC1 RNA". Proceedings of ... Munroe SH, Lazar MA (25 November 1991). "Inhibition of c-erbA mRNA splicing by a naturally occurring antisense RNA". The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_non-coding_RNA
Basket cellBasket cell
"Feedback/recurrent inhibition: Feedback inhibition in microcircuits". Neuroscience Online. University of Texas Health Center. ... 55-6. Contreras, Diego (2004). "Electrophysiological classes of neocortical neurons". Neural Networks. 17 (5-6): 633-46. doi: ... In the CA3 region of the hippocampus, basket cells can often form recurrent inhibition loops with pyramidal cells. Projections ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basket_cell
Depolarizing prepulseDepolarizing prepulse
Prepulse inhibition Grill WM, Mortimer JT (1995). "Stimulus waveforms for selective neural stimulation". IEEE Engineering in ... DPPs may be of either the voltage or current stimulus variety and have been used to inhibit neural activity, selectively excite ... In addition to inhibiting neural excitability, it has been observed that preceding an electrical stimulus with a depolarizing ... enabling the inhibition of the neuron. An illustration of how the transmembrane voltage response to a supra-threshold stimulus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depolarizing_prepulse
Proneural genesProneural genes
Neural bHLH genes have different functions depending on: the sensitivity to lateral inhibition, which determines if a cell ... that involves the lateral inhibition process (see lateral inhibition). In the absence of Lateral inhibition some proneural ... Another pro-neural family (which includes ''math1'' and ''math5'') is essential to the development of a small number of neural ... "Dynamic Notch signaling in neural progenitor cells and a revised view of lateral inhibition". Nature Neuroscience. 11 (11): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proneural_genes
KetamineKetamine
Kim D, Cheong E, Shin HS (June 2018). "Overcoming Depression by Inhibition of Neural Burst Firing". Neuron. 98 (5): 878-879. ... However, no functional inhibition (IC50) of the human monoamine transporters has been observed with ketamine or its metabolites ... Recent research has elucidated that an acute inhibition of the lateral habenula, a part of the brain in the limbic system that ... Imaging studies have shown mixed results on inhibition of striatal [11C] raclopride binding by ketamine in humans, with some ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketamine
Semantic satiationSemantic satiation
Duncan, C.P. (1956). "On the similarity between reactive inhibition and neural satiation". American Journal of Psychology. 69 ( ... It was demonstrated as a stable phenomenon that is possibly similar to a cognitive form of reactive inhibition. Prior to that, ... This is known to cause reactive inhibition, hence a reduction in the intensity of the activity with each repetition. Jakobovits ... An explanation for the phenomenon is that, in the cortex, verbal repetition repeatedly arouses a specific neural pattern that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_satiation
MoclobemideMoclobemide
... resulting in the non-competitive MAO inhibition by moclobemide.[8] With three times daily dosing the inhibition on MAO-A was ... Moclobemide vs tricyclic antidepressants and vs placebo in depressive states". Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementum. 28 ... Platelet MAO is of the MAO-B and this is inhibited only to a small degree in humans; the inhibition is due to low levels of ... No reuptake inhibition of any of the neurotransmitters occurs. The pharmacodynamic action encompasses activation, elevation of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moclobemide
Olfactory bulbOlfactory bulb
They also participate in lateral inhibition of the mitral cells. This inhibition is an important part of olfaction as it aids ... The olfactory bulb (Latin: bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the ... auto-inhibition), as well as neighboring mitral cells (lateral inhibition). More specifically, the granule cell layer receives ... Lateral inhibition[edit]. External plexiform layer. The interneurons in the external plexiform layer perform feedback ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_bulb
HomeostasisHomeostasis
This results in the inhibition of water reabsorption from the kidney tubules, causing high volumes of very dilute urine to be ... Um, Ji Won (13 November 2017). "Roles of Glial Cells in Sculpting Inhibitory Synapses and Neural Circuits". Frontiers in ... An imbalance between excitation and inhibition is seen to be implicated in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders.[62] ... "Shaping inhibition: activity dependent structural plasticity of GABAergic synapses". Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 8 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_homeostasis
Executive functionsExecutive functions
Aron, AR (June 2007). "The neural basis of inhibition in cognitive control". Neuroscientist. 13 (3): 214-28. doi:10.1177/ ... Core EFs are inhibition [response inhibition (self-control-resisting temptations and resisting acting impulsively) and ... Second, inhibition is one's capacity to supersede responses that are prepotent in a given situation. Third, shifting is one's ... Desimone, R; Duncan, J (1995). "Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention". Annu Rev Neurosci. 18 (1): 193-222. doi: ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_control
Mach bandsMach bands
... quantitative studies on neural networks in the retina. Holden-Day. von Békésy, Georg (1967). "Mach Band Type Lateral Inhibition ... Mach reported the effect in 1865, conjecturing that filtering is performed in the retina itself, by lateral inhibition among ... Acutance Cornsweet illusion Hermann grid illusion Lateral inhibition Optical illusions Watercolour illusion Gibbs phenomenon ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_bands
FollistatinFollistatin
Inhibition of BMPs allows neuroectoderm to arise from ectoderm, a process which eventually forms the neural plate. Other ... Lee & McPherron demonstrated that inhibition of GDF-8, either by genetic elimination (knockout mice) or by increasing the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follistatin
DigestionDigestion
Neural and biochemical control mechanisms. Different phases of digestion take place including: the cephalic phase, gastric ... Inhibition of gastrin and gastric acid secretion is lifted. This triggers G cells to release gastrin, which in turn stimulates ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestion
XenopusXenopus
... of the vasculature Gut morphogenesis Contact inhibition and neural crest cell migration and the generation of neural crest from ... "Contact inhibition of locomotion in vivo controls neural crest directional migration". Nature. 456 (7224): 957-961. doi:10.1038 ... Walker, James C.; Harland, Richard M. (2009-05-01). "microRNA-24a is required to repress apoptosis in the developing neural ... Shared regulatory programs suggest retention of blastula-stage potential in neural crest cells". Science. 348 (6241): 1332-1335 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenopus
Aplysia gill and siphon withdrawal reflexAplysia gill and siphon withdrawal reflex
Bristol, A.S., Marinesco, S., & Carew, T.J. (2004). Neural Circuit of Tail-Elicited Siphon Withdrawal in Aplysia. II. Role of ... Gated Inhibition in Differential Lateralization of Sensitization and Dishabituation. Journal of Neurophysiology 91, 678-692. ... Both central ganglia and peripheral neurons are often involved in the neural control of behavior in molluscs. In molluscs such ... Fady Alnajjar, Kazuyuki Murase (2008) A simple Aplysia-like spiking neural network to generate adaptive behavior in autonomous ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplysia_gill_and_siphon_withdrawal_reflex
Predictive codingPredictive coding
However, the predictive coding framework could also be applied to different neural systems. Taking the sensory system as an ... Bolz, J., & Gilbert, C. D. (1986). Generation of end-inhibition in the visual cortex via interlaminar connections. Koster-Hale ... Due to this range of specificity, different methods of investigating the neural mechanisms of predictive coding have been ... the neural evidence is still in its infancy. The empirical evidence for predictive coding is most robust for perceptual ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_coding
Neural oscillationNeural oscillation
Whittington MA, Traub RD, Kopell N, Ermentrout B, Buhl EH (2000). "Inhibition-based rhythms: experimental and mathematical ... Ermentrout B (1994). "An introduction to neural oscillators". In F Ventriglia. Neural Modeling and Neural Networks. pp. 79-110. ... Neural mass modelEdit. Simulation of a neural mass model showing network spiking during the onset of a seizure.[34] As the gain ... Neural oscillations, or brainwaves, are rhythmic or repetitive patterns of neural activity in the central nervous system. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_activity
Andrew Lumsden (scientist)Andrew Lumsden (scientist)
"Segmental specification of GABAergic inhibition during development of hindbrain neural networks" (PDF). Nature Neuroscience. 2 ... Andrew Lumsden talking about Neural Development journal on YouTube "Development - The Company of Biologists". "Neural ... Lumsden A, Sprawson N, Graham A (December 1991). "Segmental origin and migration of neural crest cells in the hindbrain region ... Lumsden A (March 1989). "Multipotent cells in the avian neural crest". Trends Neurosci. 12 (3): 81-3. doi:10.1016/0166-2236(89) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Lumsden_(scientist)
John HussmanJohn Hussman
... increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems". https://www.causeiq.com/organizations/hussman-institute-for- ... Specifically, the severe disruptions observed in autism may be linked to suppression of GABAergic inhibition, resulting in ... and stating it in terms of an increased ratio of excitation to inhibition (E/I). This mechanism has since become a well- ... "Suppressed GABAergic inhibition as a common factor in suspected etiologies of autism" (PDF). "Model of autism: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hussman
XenopusXenopus
Contact inhibition and neural crest cell migration[56] and the generation of neural crest from pluripotent blastula cells[57] ... "Contact inhibition of locomotion in vivo controls neural crest directional migration". Nature. 456 (7224): 957-961. doi:10.1038 ... Shared regulatory programs suggest retention of blastula-stage potential in neural crest cells". Science. 348 (6241): 1332-1335 ... "microRNA-24a is required to repress apoptosis in the developing neural retina". Genes & Development. 23 (9): 1046-1051. doi ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenopus
Wilfrid RallWilfrid Rall
In Neural Theory and Modeling, ed. R.F. Reiss. Stanford Univ. Press. Rall, W., G.M. Shepherd, T.S. Reese, and M.W. Brightman. ( ... 1966) Dendro-dendritic synaptic pathway for inhibition in the olfactory bulb. Exptl. Neurol. 14:44-56. The Theoretical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid_Rall
SelegilineSelegiline
... improved bioavailability and selectivity for MAO-B inhibition". Journal of Neural Transmission. 110 (11): 1241-55. doi:10.1007/ ... This avoids an inhibition of gastrointestinal and hepatic MAO-A activity resulting in an increase in blood of food-borne ... High levels can lead to loss of MAO-B selectivity, and selegiline may begin inhibition MAO-A as well. This increases ... Riederer P, Lachenmayer L (November 2003). "Selegiline's neuroprotective capacity revisited". Journal of Neural Transmission. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selegiline
Christopher ChambersChristopher Chambers
C.D. Chambers; H. Garavan; M.A. Bellgrove (2009). "Insights into the neural basis of response inhibition from cognitive and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Chambers
Radiofrequency ablationRadiofrequency ablation
Inhibition of the neural impulses that are believed to cause or worsen hypertension has been tried for a few decades. Surgical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiofrequency_ablation
Mental imageMental image
"Neural substrates of tactile imagery: a functional MRI study : NeuroReport". LWW.. *^ Lima, César F.; Lavan, Nadine; Evans, ... They found that inhibition of these areas through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) resulted in impaired ... Neural substrates of visual imagery[edit]. Visual imagery is the ability to create mental representations of things, people, ... Thus, the neural substrates of visual imagery and perception overlap in areas beyond the visual cortex and the degree of this ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathwayPI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Proliferation of neural stem cellsEdit. Response to glucoseEdit. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the brain must find a balance ... Too much inhibition leads to unregulated cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. However, enough PTEN inhibition promotes ... Research towards Akt inhibition has focused on inhibition of two distinct binding sites: (1) the allosteric pocket of the ... These cells also express less glial and neural cell markers such as GFAP or β-tubulin.[2] This is because CREB is a ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PI3K/AKT/mTOR_pathway
HemoencephalographyHemoencephalography
Both approaches to hemoencephalography, near infrared and passive infrared, are indirect measures of neural activity based on ... inhibition, organization, and cause and effect determination. The prefrontal cortex is thought essential for all goal-directed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoencephalography
Substance PSubstance P
Park SW, Yan YP, Satriotomo I, Vemuganti R, Dempsey RJ (Sep 2007). "Substance P is a promoter of adult neural progenitor cell ... Currently, the only completely developed method available in that regard is antagonism (blockade, inhibition) of the SP ... "Neural mechanisms of respiratory syncytial virus-induced inflammation and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus sequelae" ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P
OctopusOctopus
Boyle, P. R. (2013). "Neural Control of Cephalopod Behavior". In Dennis Willows, A.O. The Mollusca, Volume 8: Neurobiology and ... "Hormonal Inhibition of Feeding and Death in Octopus: Control by Optic Gland Secretion". Science. 198 (4320): 948-951. doi ... Editing is concentrated in the nervous system and affects proteins involved in neural excitability and neuronal morphology. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda
Photoreceptor cellPhotoreceptor cell
This polarization ultimately leads to either the transmittance or inhibition of a neural signal that will be fed to the brain ... Kandel, E. R.; Schwartz, J.H.; Jessell, T.M. (2000). Principles of Neural Science (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 507-513 ... The middle layer contains bipolar cells, which collect neural signals from the rods and the cones and then transmit them to the ... This system may have less noise relative to sensory transduction schema that increase rate of neural firing in response to ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulatorGABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
"Frontiers in Neural Circuits. 7: 170. doi:10.3389/fncir.2013.00170. PMC 3807051. PMID 24167475.. ... enhanced both stimulus-evoked inhibition and the effects of exogenously applied muscimol which is a GABAA selective agonist.[5] ... According to research performed by Maddalena et al., using artificial neural networks, position 7 has the most effect on ... "Prediction of receptor properties and binding affinity of ligands to benzodiazepine/GABAA receptors using artificial neural ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAA_receptor_positive_allosteric_modulator
ادرار کردن - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزادادرار کردن - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
There are three major types of bladder dysfunction due to neural lesions: (1) the type due to interruption of the afferent ... The pontine micturition center also causes inhibition of Onuf's nucleus, resulting in relaxation of the external urinary ... even though the neural activity associated with a full bladder comes from the bladder itself, and can be felt there as well. In ... which causes production of additional urine as well as a reduction of inhibitions. One proposed way to inhibit public urination ...
https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/ادرار_کردن?match=en
PSEN1PSEN1
dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning. • neural retina development. • positive regulation of protein kinase activity. • T cell ... suggesting that deficiency of presenilin-1 can down regulate amyloid and inhibition of presenilin-1 can be a potential method ... Levesque G (1999). "Presenilins interact with armadillo proteins including neural-specific plakophilin-related protein and beta ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSEN1
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axisHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 10: Neural and Neuroendocrine Control of the Internal Milieu". In Sydor A, ... and inhibition of aggression. Inclusion of the amino acid L-tryptophan, a precursor of 5HT, in the feed of rainbow trout made ... At least one human study has identified maternal neural activity patterns in response to video stimuli of mother-infant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal_axis
Theodore Holmes BullockTheodore Holmes Bullock
Roberts, Alan Madoc (1967). Recurrent Inhibition in the Giant Fibre System of the Crayfish and its Effect on the Excitability ... This marked the beginning of his studies on simple nervous systems, which he used to explore the neural mechanisms that work ... Without due consideration of the neural and behavioral correlates of differences between higher taxa and between closely ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Holmes_Bullock
Alcohol myopiaAlcohol myopia
The inhibition conflict[edit]. One effect of alcohol myopia is that it amplifies rash responses in intoxicated individuals. ... Breiter, HC; I Aharon; D Kahneman; A Dale; P Shizgal (2001). "Functional imaging of neural responses to expectancy and ... Inhibition conflict is a cognitive function that arises in people and allows them to make decisions based on immediate stimuli ... In sober individuals, situations that produce an inhibition conflict would consist of one set of salient cues (external stimuli ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_myopia
Mind-wanderingMind-wandering
In addition to neural models, computational models of consciousness based on Bernard Baars' Global Workspace theory[32][page ... The failure of cognitive inhibition is a direct cause of mind-wandering.[1][21][67][73] Mind-wandering is also connected to ... One candidate neural mechanism for generating this aspect of experience is a network of regions in the frontal and parietal ... and inhibition in prospective memory performance in young and older adults". Developmental Psychology. 49 (8): 1544-1553. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind-wandering
Brain-derived neurotrophic factorBrain-derived neurotrophic factor
"Neural Regeneration Research. 9 (16): 1509-13. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.139475. PMC 4192966. PMID 25317166.. ... This becomes especially evident following suppression of TrkB activity.[30] TrkB inhibition results in a 2-3 fold increase in ... van Praag H, Kempermann G, Gage FH (December 2000). "Neural consequences of environmental enrichment". Nature Reviews. ... parts of the adult brain retain the ability to grow new neurons from neural stem cells in a process known as neurogenesis. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDNF
Superoxide dismutaseSuperoxide dismutase
Hence, high levels of free radicals can cause damage to them and induce dysraphic anomalies (neural tube defects).[citation ... SOD2 knockout or null mutations cause growth inhibition on respiratory carbon sources in addition to decreased post-diauxic ... Overexpression of SOD1 has been linked to the neural disorders seen in Down syndrome.[38] In patients with thalassemia, SOD ... Superoxide dismutase is also not expressed in neural crest cells in the developing fetus. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgotein
Olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells
Both OECs and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have been successfully transplanted in the central nervous system of adult ... Several recent studies have reported that preventing OEC inhibition will present a uniform population of cells in the spinal ... One study has investigated the use of peptide modified gellan gum as the biomaterial with OECs and neural stem/progenitor cells ... Transplantation of OECs into the spinal cord has become a possible therapy for spinal cord damage and other neural diseases in ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_ensheathing_cells
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosisAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Journal of Neural Transmission. 125 (4): 591-613. doi:10.1007/s00702-018-1851-y. PMID 29417336.. ... and loss of inhibition are frequently reported behavioral features of ALS.[37] Language dysfunction, executive dysfunction, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Gehrig's_disease
ProteasomeProteasome
Labeling and inhibition of the proteasome is also of interest in laboratory settings for both in vitro and in vivo study of ... Dysregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system may contribute to several neural diseases. It may lead to brain tumors such as ... Adams J (April 2003). "Potential for proteasome inhibition in the treatment of cancer". Drug Discovery Today. 8 (7): 307-15. ... Proteasome inhibition has different effects on apoptosis induction in different cell types. In general, the proteasome is not ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasome
Innate immune systemInnate immune system
Neural regulation[edit]. The innate immune response to infectious and sterile injury is modulated by neural circuits that ... "Inhibition of the type I interferon response in human dendritic cells by dengue virus infection requires a catalytically ... The inflammatory reflex is a prototypical neural circuit that controls cytokine production in the spleen.[13] Action potentials ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system
Beta-amiloide, a enciclopedia libreBeta-amiloide, a enciclopedia libre
Pappolla M, Bozner P, Soto C, Shao H, Robakis NK, Zagorski M, Frangione B, Ghiso J (March 1998). "Inhibition of Alzheimer's ... knockout mice do not acquire compensatory gene expression changes or develop neural lesions over time". Neurobiol. Dis. 14 (1 ... Bogoyevitch MA, Boehm I, Oakley A, Ketterman AJ, Barr RK (March 2004). "Targeting the JNK MAPK cascade for inhibition: basic ...
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiloide_beta
Childhood amnesiaChildhood amnesia
Research into the neural substrates of infantile amnesia using animal models has found that the major inhibitory ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_amnesia
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseasesEpigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases
... decreased neural atrophy and neural loss, and increased weight gain.[8][9] Release of pro-apoptotic factors was also abrogated ... siRNA inhibition of SIRT2. Treatment with SIRT2 inhibiting siRNA leads to reduced alpha-synuclein neurotoxicity AK-1 or AGK-2.[ ... At the individual gene level, hypomethylation and thus derepression of COX-2 occurs, inhibition of which reduces inflammation ... "Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition compensates for the transport deficit in Huntington's disease by increasing tubulin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_of_neurodegenerative_diseases
Strok bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasStrok bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
"Neural plasticity after peripheral nerve injury and regeneration". Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of ... "Reducing excessive GABA-mediated tonic inhibition promotes functional recovery after stroke". Department of Neurology, The ... "Cellular and molecular mechanisms of neural repair after stroke: making waves". Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of ... Di area penumbra, apoptosis neural akan berusaha dihambat oleh kedua mekanisme eksitotoksik dan peradangan,[20] oleh karena sel ...
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke
Brain-derived neurotrophic factorBrain-derived neurotrophic factor
"Neural Regeneration Research. 9 (16): 1509-13. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.139475. PMC 4192966. PMID 25317166.. ... This becomes especially evident following suppression of TrkB activity.[27] TrkB inhibition results in a 2-3 fold increase in ... van Praag H, Kempermann G, Gage FH (December 2000). "Neural consequences of environmental enrichment". Nature Reviews. ... Bartkowska K, Paquin A, Gauthier AS, Kaplan DR, Miller FD (December 2007). "Trk signaling regulates neural precursor cell ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_derived_neurotrophic_factor
EpigeneticsEpigenetics
This leads to epigenetic effects through inhibition of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that require iron as a co-factor. ... For these reasons, ΔFosB is considered a primary and causative transcription factor in creating new neural connections in the ... Epigenetic modifications regulate the transition from neural stem cells to glial progenitor cells (for example, differentiation ... "Inhibition of G9a Histone Methyltransferase Converts Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Cardiac Competent Progenitors.". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetic
Y chromosomeY chromosome
Recombination inhibitionEdit. Recombination between the X and Y chromosomes proved harmful-it resulted in males without ... Research is currently investigating whether male-pattern neural development is a direct consequence of Y-chromosome-related ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_chromosome
PeptidePeptide
Inhibitory peptides are also used in clinical research to examine the effects of peptides on the inhibition of cancer proteins ... A neuropeptide is a peptide that is active in association with neural tissue. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypeptide
Eric KandelEric Kandel
Kandel is also well known for the textbooks he has helped write, such as Principles of Neural Science.[13] First published in ... The team also noticed the spontaneous pacemaker-like activity of these neurons, as well as a robust recurrent inhibition in the ... Kandel, Eric R.; Jessell, Thomas M.; Schwartz, James H (1995), Essentials of Neural Science and Behaviour, New York: McGraw- ... The future of psychiatric research: genomes and neural circuits". Science. 327 (5973): 1580-1. doi:10.1126/science.1188654. PMC ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Kandel
Emotional self-regulationEmotional self-regulation
Specifically, research over the last decade strongly suggests that there is a neural basis.[81] Sufficient evidence has ... which regulates the amygdala through inhibition, together resulting in an overactive emotional brain.[44] Due to the subsequent ... Davidson, R.J.; Putnam, K.M.; Larson, C.L. (2000). "Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation: A possible ... Neural Networks for Reappraisal and Distraction". Cerebral Cortex. 21 (6): 1379-1388. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq216. ISSN 1047-3211 ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_self-regulation
Histone deacetylase inhibition-mediated neuronal differentiation of multipotent adult neural progenitor cells | PNASHistone deacetylase inhibition-mediated neuronal differentiation of multipotent adult neural progenitor cells | PNAS
HDAC-inhibition-mediated neuronal differentiation. (A) Treatment of neural progenitors with 1 mM VPA for 4 days resulted in an ... HDAC Inhibition Induces Neuronal Differentiation. Adult hippocampal neural progenitors were used in this study as a model ... Histone deacetylase inhibition-mediated neuronal differentiation of multipotent adult neural progenitor cells. Jenny Hsieh, ... Although the effects of HDAC inhibition in neural progenitors appears mainly to be through a reduction of proliferation and an ...
http://www.pnas.org/content/101/47/16659
Neural Markers of Inhibition in Human Memory Retrieval | Journal of NeuroscienceNeural Markers of Inhibition in Human Memory Retrieval | Journal of Neuroscience
Neural Markers of Inhibition in Human Memory Retrieval. Maria Wimber, Karl-Heinz Bäuml, Zara Bergström, Gerasimos Markopoulos, ... 2004) Remembering can cause inhibition: retrieval-induced inhibition as cue independent process. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn ... The neural differences between P− and P+ retrieval cannot be attributed solely to the impairment of P− items, but might also ... Handbook of perception and cognition, Interference and inhibition in memory retrieval, eds Bjork EL, Bjork RA (Academic, San ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/node/369600.full.print
Neural Dynamics and Connectivity in Response Inhibition and Traumatic Brain Injury - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.govNeural Dynamics and Connectivity in Response Inhibition and Traumatic Brain Injury - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Neural Dynamics and Connectivity in Response Inhibition and Traumatic Brain Injury. Official Title Neural Dynamics and ... Neural Dynamics and Connectivity in Response Inhibition and Traumatic Brain Injury. This study has been completed. ... neural network can account for the deficiency in response inhibition after mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). The ... However, it is not known whether the PBG network is also crucial for other types of response inhibition such as suppressing an ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01194661?term=Stroke&lup_s=04%2F28%2F2013&lup_d=14&show_rss=Y&sel_rss=mod14
Reducing peak temperatures during infrared inhibition of neural potentials | (2017) | Ford | Publications | SpieReducing peak temperatures during infrared inhibition of neural potentials | (2017) | Ford | Publications | Spie
Reducing peak temperatures during infrared inhibition of neural potentials Author(s): Jeremy B. Ford; Michael W. Jenkins; ... Pulsed infrared (IR) light has been used in multiple animal models to inhibit neural activity. Duke et al. reported inhibition ... however lower temperatures provide a safer environment for sustained inhibition. Inhibition paradigms use a single optical ... By reducing peak temperatures, neural block using IR light will subject nerves to lower peak temperatures and provide a more ...
http://spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Paper/10.1117/12.2250019
Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling. - PubMed - NCBIHighly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling. - PubMed - NCBI
Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling.. Chambers SM1, Fasano CA, ... Dual SMAD inhibition allows for a highly efficient feeder-free neural induction in adherent cultures in seven days. (a) ... Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling ... Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19252484?dopt=Abstract
Neural Dynamics and Connectivity in Response Inhibition and Traumatic Brain Injury - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govNeural Dynamics and Connectivity in Response Inhibition and Traumatic Brain Injury - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Neural Dynamics and Connectivity in Response Inhibition and Traumatic Brain Injury. The safety and scientific validity of this ... neural network can account for the deficiency in response inhibition after mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). The ... However, it is not known whether the PBG network is also crucial for other types of response inhibition such as suppressing an ... in the active and resting neural connectivity within the PBG network are associated with deficiency in response inhibition ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01194661?term=Stroke&lup_s=02%2F23%2F2013&lup_d=14&show_rss=Y&sel_rss=mod14
Frontiers | Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition and Conflict Control on Facial Expressions | Human NeuroscienceFrontiers | Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition and Conflict Control on Facial Expressions | Human Neuroscience
The current study manifested that response inhibition and conflict control on emotional information required separable neural ... The current study manifested that response inhibition and conflict control on emotional information required separable neural ... The difference waveforms of N2 and parietal P3 showed that response inhibition and conflict control had distinct processes, and ... The difference waveforms of N2 and parietal P3 showed that response inhibition and conflict control had distinct processes, and ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00657/full
Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) domains and intracellular signaling pathways involved in the inhibition of astrocyte...Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) domains and intracellular signaling pathways involved in the inhibition of astrocyte...
Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) domains and intracellular signaling pathways involved in the inhibition of astrocyte ... Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) domains and intracellular signaling pathways involved in the inhibition of astrocyte ... Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) domains and intracellular signaling pathways involved in the inhibition of astrocyte ... Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) domains and intracellular signaling pathways involved in the inhibition of astrocyte ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/95/5/2592.abstract
Inhibition of neural crest migration underlies craniofacial dysmorphology and Hirschsprungs disease in Bardet-Biedl syndrome.Inhibition of neural crest migration underlies craniofacial dysmorphology and Hirschsprung's disease in Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
These defects of the craniofacial (CF) skeleton arise from aberrant cranial neural crest cell (NCC) migration. These effects ... to reveal that BBS patients and mouse mutants have mid-facial defects involving homologous neural crest-derived structures ...
http://www.uniprot.org/citations/18443298
Frontiers | Methods for recording and measuring tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition | Frontiers in Neural CircuitsFrontiers | Methods for recording and measuring tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition | Frontiers in Neural Circuits
Most experimental studies of tonic GABAergic inhibition have been carried out using acute brain slice preparations but tonic ... diversity of recording conditions is likely to impact upon many of the factors responsible for controlling tonic inhibition and ... diversity of recording conditions is likely to impact upon many of the factors responsible for controlling tonic inhibition and ... Most experimental studies of tonic GABAergic inhibition have been carried out using acute brain slice preparations but tonic ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2013.00193/full
Neural mechanisms involved in the noxious physical stress-induced inhibition of ovarian estradiol secretion.Neural mechanisms involved in the noxious physical stress-induced inhibition of ovarian estradiol secretion.
... the NEURAL CREST; and the NEURAL TUBE. Improper closure of the NEURAL GROOVE results in congenital NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS. ... Summary of "Neural mechanisms involved in the noxious physical stress-induced inhibition of ovarian estradiol secretion.". ... Neural mechanisms involved in the noxious physical stress-induced inhibition of ovarian estradiol secretion.. 07:00 EST 7th ... Home » Topics » Mental Health » Research » Neural mechanisms involved in the noxious physical stress-induced inhibition of ...
https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/pmarticle/2282564/Neural-mechanisms-involved-in-the-noxious-physical-stress-induced-inhibition-of-ovarian.html
The Spike Order of the Winnerless Competition (WLC) Model and Its Application to the Inhibition Neural SystemThe Spike Order of the Winnerless Competition (WLC) Model and Its Application to the Inhibition Neural System
Article The Spike Order of the Winnerless Competition (WLC) Model and Its Application to the Inhibition Neural System Shenquan ... The Spike Order of the Winnerless Competition (WLC) Model and Its Application to the Inhibition Neural System. Shenquan Liu,, ... Liu, S, Fan, T, Lu, Q. The Spike Order of the Winnerless Competition (WLC) Model and Its Application to the Inhibition Neural ... "The Spike Order of the Winnerless Competition (WLC) Model and Its Application to the Inhibition Neural System" International ...
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/IJNSNS.2005.6.2.133/html
PRIME PubMed | Homocysteine induces cytotoxicity and proliferation inhibition in neural stem cells via DNA methylation in vitroPRIME PubMed | Homocysteine induces cytotoxicity and proliferation inhibition in neural stem cells via DNA methylation in vitro
Homocysteine induces cytotoxicity and proliferation inhibition in neural stem cells via DNA methylation in vitro. Download ... Homocysteine Induces Cytotoxicity and Proliferation Inhibition in Neural Stem Cells Via DNA Methylation in Vitro. FEBS J. 2014; ... Homocysteine induces cytotoxicity and proliferation inhibition in neural stem cells via DNA methylation in vitro. FEBS J. 2014; ... Homocysteine induces cytotoxicity and proliferation inhibition in neural stem cells via DNA methylation in vitro.. FEBS J. 2014 ...
https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/24612628/Homocysteine_induces_cytotoxicity_and_proliferation_inhibition_in_neural_stem_cells_via_DNA_methylation_in_vitro_
The Neural Mechanisms of Behavioral Inhibition | Springer for Research & DevelopmentThe Neural Mechanisms of Behavioral Inhibition | Springer for Research & Development
The Neural Mechanisms of Behavioral Inhibition. In: Pérez-Edgar K., Fox N. (eds) Behavioral Inhibition. Springer, Cham. https ... The neural correlates of emotion-based cognitive control in adults with early childhood behavioral inhibition. Biological ... discuss key links between altered neural function and social cognition associated with behavioral inhibition, and highlight ... Moor, B. G., van Leijenhorst, L., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Crone, E. A., & Van der Molen, M. W. (2010). Do you like me? Neural ...
https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-98077-5_4?error=cookies_not_supported&code=2d7fe0d8-5d8a-4f1e-a841-eb00fd103c6b
Optogenetic Inhibition of Striatal Neuronal Activity Improves the Survival of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells and Neurological...Optogenetic Inhibition of Striatal Neuronal Activity Improves the Survival of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells and Neurological...
Optogenetic Inhibition of Striatal Neuronal Activity Improves the Survival of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells and Neurological ... S. Ramasamy, G. Narayanan, S. Sankaran, Y. H. Yu, and S. Ahmed, "Neural stem cell survival factors," Archives of Biochemistry ... M. M. Daadi, Z. Li, A. Arac et al., "Molecular and magnetic resonance imaging of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem ... W. Wu, X. Chen, C. Hu, J. Li, Z. Yu, and W. Cai, "Transplantation of neural stem cells expressing hypoxia-inducible factor- ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sci/2017/4364302/ref/
Neural induction in Xenopus requires early FGF signalling in addition to BMP inhibition | DevelopmentNeural induction in Xenopus requires early FGF signalling in addition to BMP inhibition | Development
These results argue that neural induction in vivo does not consist of a simple epidermis-to-neural, or neural border-to-neural ... BMP inhibition in vivo is not sufficient for neural induction. In all panels, Sox2 expression marks prospective neural tissue, ... In whole embryos, BMP inhibition by Smad6 represses epidermis, but does not induce neural tissue. Ectopic neural crest could ... Next, we wanted to address whether BMP inhibition in the presumptive non-neural ectoderm was sufficient for neural induction in ...
https://dev.biologists.org/content/132/2/299?ijkey=ac2d983da90b55523dedcdbf252e9f5487de99fb&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Decreased Neural Inhibition Makes Decision Making Harder For The Anxious - Neuroscience NewsDecreased Neural Inhibition Makes Decision Making Harder For The Anxious - Neuroscience News
Decreased Neural Inhibition Makes Decision Making Harder For The Anxious. Neuroscience News. September 14, 2010. ... In the study, they tested the idea that neural inhibition in the brain plays a big role in decision-making by creating a ... Psychologists propose decreased neural inhibition could account for why anxious people find it difficult to make decisions. ... They then tested the models predictions that more neural inhibition in the brain makes it easier to make choices by examining ...
https://neurosciencenews.com/decreased-neural-inhibition-anxiety-decisions-neuropsychology/
Ahlgren, S.C. and Bronner-Fraser, M. (1999) Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in vivo Results in Craniofacial Neural Crest...Ahlgren, S.C. and Bronner-Fraser, M. (1999) Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in vivo Results in Craniofacial Neural Crest...
Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in vivo Results in Craniofacial Neural Crest Cell Death. Current Biology, 9, 1304-1314. ... Ahlgren, S.C. and Bronner-Fraser, M. (1999) Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in vivo Results in Craniofacial Neural Crest ... Inhibition of elastin and collagen networks degradation in human skin by gingival fibroblast. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo ... Inhibition of Autophagy Attenuated Cell Damage after OGD/R in SH-SY5Y Cells by Down-Regulating AMPK-Mediated Autophagy ...
https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=2194290
Neural and endocrine circuits mediating inhibition of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation by subcutaneous and spinal...Neural and endocrine circuits mediating inhibition of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation by subcutaneous and spinal...
Neural and endocrine circuits mediating inhibition of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation by subcutaneous and spinal- ... Neural and endocrine circuits mediating inhibition of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation by subcutaneous and spinal- ... Neural and endocrine circuits mediating inhibition of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation by subcutaneous and spinal- ... Neural and endocrine circuits mediating inhibition of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation by subcutaneous and spinal- ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/277/3/1510
Fate determination of neural crest cells by NOTCH-mediated lateral inhibition and asymmetrical cell division during...Fate determination of neural crest cells by NOTCH-mediated lateral inhibition and asymmetrical cell division during...
Fate determination of neural crest cells by NOTCH-mediated lateral inhibition and asymmetrical cell division during ... Fate determination of neural crest cells by NOTCH-mediated lateral inhibition and asymmetrical cell division during ... Fate determination of neural crest cells by NOTCH-mediated lateral inhibition and asymmetrical cell division during ... Fate determination of neural crest cells by NOTCH-mediated lateral inhibition and asymmetrical cell division during ...
http://dev.biologists.org/content/127/13/2811.article-info
Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide | ScienceInhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide | Science
Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide ... Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide ... Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide ... Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide ...
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/253/5017/320
Age-Dependent Inhibition of Neural Crest Migration by the Notochord Correlates with Alterations in the S103L Chondroitin...Age-Dependent Inhibition of Neural Crest Migration by the Notochord Correlates with Alterations in the S103L Chondroitin...
Pettway, Zoé and Domowicz, Miriam and Schwartz, Nancy B. and Bronner-Fraser, Marianne (1996) Age-Dependent Inhibition of Neural ... Age-Dependent Inhibition of Neural Crest Migration by the Notochord Correlates with Alterations in the S103L Chondroitin ... Donor notochords from 2- to 3-day-old embryos inhibit neural crest cell migration, whereas the degree of inhibition is reduced ... Zoé Pettway, Miriam Domowicz, Nancy B. Schwartz, Marianne Bronner-Fraser, Age-Dependent Inhibition of Neural Crest Migration by ...
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/65606/
The transcription factor Pou3f1 promotes neural fate commitment via activation of neural lineage genes and inhibition of...The transcription factor Pou3f1 promotes neural fate commitment via activation of neural lineage genes and inhibition of...
Thank you for sending your work entitled "Oct6 promotes neural commitment via activation of neural lineage genes and inhibition ... Cell communication with the neural plate is required for induction of neural markers by BMP inhibition: evidence for ... Pou3f1 promotes the neural transition from epiblast to neural progenitor cells. Our previous study showed that ESC neural ... The transcription factor Pou3f1 promotes neural fate commitment via activation of neural lineage genes and inhibition of ...
https://elifesciences.org/articles/02224
Pharmacological modulation of the neural basis underlying inhibition of return (IOR) in the human 5-HT2A agonist and NMDA...Pharmacological modulation of the neural basis underlying inhibition of return (IOR) in the human 5-HT2A agonist and NMDA...
Pharmacological modulation of the neural basis underlying inhibition of return (IOR) in the human 5-HT2A agonist and NMDA ... Download PDF Pharmacological modulation of the neural basis underlying inhibition of return (IOR) in the human 5-HT2A agonist ... Pharmacological modulation of the neural basis underlying inhibition of return (IOR) in the human 5-HT2A agonist and NMDA ... OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the neural correlates underlying orienting of attention in the human N- ...
http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/6860/
Inhibition of estrous behavior by progesterone in rats: role of neural estrogen and progestin receptors. - Semantic ScholarInhibition of estrous behavior by progesterone in rats: role of neural estrogen and progestin receptors. - Semantic Scholar
... sequential inhibition). We have examined the effects of a hormone treatment which causes a sequential inhibition on levels of ... In a third experiment, progesterone (5 mg, sc) given 24 h after EB reduced neural cytoplasmic progestin receptors to levels ... These results are consistent with the suggestion that progesterone does not interact with neural estrogen receptors to inhibit ... by reducing the concentration of neural cytoplasmic progestin receptors. ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Inhibition-of-estrous-behavior-by-progesterone-in-Schwartz-Blaustein/76442a7267cd868b21065749e3874a139aae8a1e
Abnormal Neural Excitation, Inhibition, and Synchrony in Autism -- Neurotransmitter.netAbnormal Neural Excitation, Inhibition, and Synchrony in Autism -- Neurotransmitter.net
Prenatal exposure to valproic acid increases the neural progenitor cell pool and induces macrocephaly in rat brain via a ... GABAergic activity in autism spectrum disorders: An investigation of cortical inhibition via transcranial magnetic stimulation. ... and they play important roles in neural plasticity, neural development, and neurodegeneration. It has been proposed that autism ... J Neural Transm. 2004 Jul;111(7):931-9.. In 1998, Horvath et al. (1998) observed a marked improvement in speech, eye contact, ...
https://www.neurotransmitter.net/autism.html
Neural substrates of impaired behavioral inhibition in Williams syndrome, a disorder of social cognitionNeural substrates of impaired behavioral inhibition in Williams syndrome, a disorder of social cognition
Author(s): Hanson, Kari | Advisor(s): Semendeferi, Katerina | Abstract: The evolution of the human brain has yielded advanced cognitive capacities supporting the development of language, technologically advanced material culture, and highly complex social behavior that has allowed for the development of the rich diversity of human cultures. Comparative neuroanatomy in evolutionary perspective continues to make great strides in characterizing and defining unique elements of the human neuroanatomical phenotype at the gross and microscopic level that underlie these key behavioral adaptations. In conjunction with these studies, an understanding of the functional implications of derived anatomical traits is gained through analyses of neurodevelopmental disorders, which help to define a spectrum of variation in the diversity of human brain phenotypes. Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a hemideletion of ~1.6 Mb (25-28 genes) on human chromosome 7q11.23, a highly dynamic
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gp183qr
Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase blocks proliferation of neural progenitor cells. - Semantic ScholarInhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase blocks proliferation of neural progenitor cells. - Semantic Scholar
In other neural cell types it has been shown that EGF and bFGF activate cell surface receptors involved in the mitogen- ... Nestin-expressing neural progenitor (NP) cells have been isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain and ... Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase blocks proliferation of neural progenitor cells.. @article{ ... Lessons from the Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Niche for Neural Lineage Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Valeriya ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Inhibition-of-mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-of-Learish-Bruss/dfa7fed1a1dfdfd42363e7bfed53a63320b95340
Spike frequency-dependent inhibition and excitation of neural activity by high-frequency ultrasound | Journal of General...Spike frequency-dependent inhibition and excitation of neural activity by high-frequency ultrasound | Journal of General...
Spike frequency-dependent inhibition and excitation of neural activity by high-frequency ultrasound Martin Loynaz Prieto, ... Spike frequency-dependent inhibition and excitation of neural activity by high-frequency ultrasound. J Gen Physiol 2 November ...
https://rupress.org/jgp/article-abstract/152/11/e202012672/182190/Spike-frequency-dependent-inhibition-and?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Neural cell adhesion molecule mediates contact-dependent inhibition of growth of near-diploid mouse fibroblast cell line m5S/1M...Neural cell adhesion molecule mediates contact-dependent inhibition of growth of near-diploid mouse fibroblast cell line m5S/1M...
Neural cell adhesion molecule mediates contact-dependent inhibition of growth of near-diploid mouse fibroblast cell line m5S/1M ... Neural cell adhesion molecule mediates contact-dependent inhibition of growth of near-diploid mouse fibroblast cell line m5S/1M ... The results show that NCAM plays a major role in the contact-dependent inhibition of growth of m5S/1M, and that NCAM might be ... A near-diploid mouse fibroblast cell line m5S/1M used in this study shows a high sensitivity to contact-dependent inhibition of ...
https://rupress.org/jcb/article/115/6/1751/14263/Neural-cell-adhesion-molecule-mediates-contact
NeuronsResponse InhibitionDifferentiationCorrelatesMechanismsProgenitorAbstractCircuitryPathwaysProliferationNeuronalCircuitsLatent InhibitionSubstratesExcitation and inhibitionTonic InhibitionGABAergicSocial inhibitionBehaviorSuppressionInhibitoryCognitiveStem cellCellsBehavioral Inhibition SystemVitroInductionStimulationPrepulse inhibitionPresynaptic inhibitionPharmacological inhibitionSynaptic excitationBrainReceptorsLateralTube defectsRole of inhibitionActivityCell adhesionProcessesCrestReactive oxygenFindingsFetal1997DefectsNormal neuralImbalance
Neurons32
  • Multipotent neural progenitor cells can differentiate into neurons and glial cells (e.g., astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) in the mammalian CNS, but the molecular mechanisms that control their fate specification are not yet fully understood. (pnas.org)
  • Optical inhibition of striatal neurons promotes focal neurogenesis and neurobehavioral recovery in mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion," Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism , vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 837-847, 2017. (hindawi.com)
  • These neural progenitor cells then go on to become neurons and glial cells that make up the brain and nervous system. (elifesciences.org)
  • The neurons in our brains are connected with each other, forming small functional units called neural circuits. (mpg.de)
  • This, in turn, might prompt the second neuron to transmit a signal to other neurons in the neural circuit. (mpg.de)
  • Can neural circuits with a different proportion of excitatory and inhibitory neurons still function normally? (mpg.de)
  • Information coding in neural networks probably depends on the rate of action potential firing (rate code) and the precise timing of spikes (temporal code) across population of neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • The timing of spikes in principal neurons has millisecond precision, and I asked what are the roles of inhibition in shaping the temporal codes that emerge from different parallel local neural circuits. (unibas.ch)
  • Next I characterised a subpopulation of genetically-identified neurons in the mouse retina, in order to compare the precise timing of inhibition in different circuits at a high temporal resolution. (unibas.ch)
  • In addition, NSPCs displayed greater susceptibility to glycolytic inhibition compared with primary neurons, even in the presence of alternative mitochondrial TCA substrates. (wiley.com)
  • NSPCs were also more resistant than neurons to mitochondrial cyanide toxicity, less capable of utilizing galactose as an alternative substrate to glucose, and more susceptible to pharmacological inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway by 6-aminonicotinamide. (wiley.com)
  • Recently, a team of researchers from INSERM* and CEA** released a study in which they discovered, in a mouse model, that the pharmacological inhibition of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) improves the production of new neurons. (stemcellsfreak.com)
  • In their paper, the researchers first explain that new neurons are formed throughout our life by neural stem cells and this is why our cognitive abilities stay the same. (stemcellsfreak.com)
  • We show that competition between arbitrary groups of neurons can be realized by organizing lateral inhibition in linear threshold networks. (mit.edu)
  • Given a collection of potentially overlapping groups (with the exception of some degenerate cases), the lateral inhibition results in network dynamics such that any permitted set of neurons that can be coactivated by some input at a stable steady state is contained in one of the groups. (mit.edu)
  • The major physiologic function of striatal efferent activity appears to be inhibition of tonically active GABAergic neurons in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata. (google.com)
  • inhibition of tonically active GABAergic neurons" should cause excitation. (google.com)
  • The radial glial cells serve as neural progenitors and as a migratory guide for newborn neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. (cancer-colorectal.com)
  • We examine the effect of inhibition on the axon initial segment (AIS) by the chandelier ("axoaxonic") cells, using a simplified compartmental model of actual pyramidal neurons from cat visual cortex. (mit.edu)
  • We discuss current views of how inhibition regulates the function of cortical neurons and point to a number of important open questions. (nih.gov)
  • Within these regions, the nerve cells - or neurons - that respond to similar features are also located near each other, forming so-called neural maps. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Indeed, the models show that with an increasing number of neurons, the neural map transitions from unstructured to structured. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In addition to a rapid transition from an unstructured to a structured neural map, there is also a gradual increase in the quality of the structure with an increasing number of neurons. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Therefore, ferrets or tree shrews display less structure in the neural map of the visual cortex than closely-related species with more neurons in their visual system. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Incidentally, the predictions derived from the models apply to all possible neural maps and could possibly lead to a better understanding of the relationship between the number of neurons and the quantity of encoded attributes in the brain. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Glial cells (astrocytes) don't just support neurons structurally, they have an intimate relationship in the functioning of the neural circuitry and are able to modulate synaptic function and synaptic changes. (edu.au)
  • Computational neuroscience focuses on the description of biologically plausible neurons (and neural systems ) and their physiology and dynamics, and it is therefore not concerned with biologically unrealistic disciplines such as connectionism , machine learning , artificial neural networks , artificial intelligence and computational learning theory . (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, Yanjun Wang and co-workers from Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University in China investigated how neurons in the inferior colliculus respond to the paired sounds that produce precedence-effect illusions, and whether their firing behavior can be modulated through inhibition with gamma-aminobutyric acid. (eurekalert.org)
  • Shunting inhibition is theorized to be a type of gain control mechanism, regulating the responses of neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lateral inhibition disables the spreading of action potentials from excited neurons to neighboring neurons in the lateral direction. (wikipedia.org)
  • This refers to lateral inhibition between neurons that are not adjacent in a spatial sense, but in terms of modality of stimulus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhibition in single sensory neurons was discovered and investigated starting in 1949 by Haldan K. Hartline when he used logarithms to express the effect of Ganglion receptive fields. (wikipedia.org)
Response Inhibition14
  • Response inhibition and conflict control on affective information can be regarded as two important emotion regulation and cognitive control processes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The emotional Go/Nogo flanker paradigm was adopted and participant's event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed to investigate how response inhibition and conflict control interplayed. (frontiersin.org)
  • The electrophysiological results manifested that response inhibition and conflict control interplayed during the detection/conflict monitoring stage, and Nogo-N2 was more negative in the incongruent trials than the congruent trials. (frontiersin.org)
  • The difference waveforms of N2 and parietal P3 showed that response inhibition and conflict control had distinct processes, and the multiple responses requiring both conflict control and response inhibition processes induced stronger monitoring and resolution processes than conflict control. (frontiersin.org)
  • The current study manifested that response inhibition and conflict control on emotional information required separable neural mechanisms during emotion regulation processes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The main aim of current study was to investigate how perceived emotional information modulated the interaction between response inhibition and conflict control processes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Neural Correlates of Risky Sex and Response Inhibition in High-Risk Adolescents. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Response inhibition results in the emotional devaluation of faces: neural correlates as revealed by fMRI. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although it is well established that prior experience with faces determines their subsequent social-emotional evaluation, recent work shows that top-down inhibitory mechanisms, including response inhibition, can lead to social devaluation after even a single, brief exposure. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 05, corrected) showed that NATs showed greater activity than ATTs in the right anterior cingulate gyrus (p = .008), and that NATs, but not ATTs, showed significantly greater activity than HCs in the left insula (p = .004) to go-no-go response inhibition blocks. (aston.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions - Although ATTs did not show differential patterns of neural activity from HCs during the go-no-go response inhibition blocks, ATTs and NATs showed differential activation of the right anterior cingulate gyrus during response inhibition. (aston.ac.uk)
  • These findings indicate that suicide attempts during adolescence are not associated with abnormal activity in response inhibition neural circuitry. (aston.ac.uk)
  • The differential patterns of activity in response inhibition neural circuitry in ATTs and NATs, however, suggest different neural mechanisms for suicide attempt versus major depressive disorder in general in adolescence that should be a focus of further study. (aston.ac.uk)
  • Another study measured neural activation during response inhibition using fMRI. (medscape.com)
Differentiation23
  • Here, we show that an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, valproic acid (VPA), induced neuronal differentiation of adult hippocampal neural progenitors. (pnas.org)
  • Furthermore, the HDAC inhibition mediated by VPA has been shown to suppress the growth and increase the differentiation of many different tumor cell lines ( 12 ). (pnas.org)
  • In addition to its differentiation effects, VPA has been shown to mediate neuronal protection through the activation of signal transduction pathways, such as the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway ( 15 ) and through the inhibition of proapoptotic factors ( 16 ). (pnas.org)
  • a) Differentiation scheme used for achieving neural induction can be achieved with the combination of SB431542, an ALK inhibitor, and Noggin, a BMP inhibitor. (nih.gov)
  • f) Real-Time PCR for neural and neuronal markers during dual SMAD inhibition differentiation towards neurectoderm. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we showed that Pou3f1 is essential for the neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), specifically during the transition from epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) to neural progenitor cells (NPCs). (elifesciences.org)
  • HDAC inhibition induced pathways of cell-cycle arrest, neuronal differentiation, and response to oxygen-containing species, effects also observed in other cancers treated with this class of drugs. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In the developing nervous system apoptosis is observed as early as neural tube formation and persists throughout terminal differentiation of the neural network. (bmj.com)
  • Inhibition of Notch signaling facilitates the differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells into neural stem cells. (pubfacts.com)
  • the chick Ursolic acid embryo, AP2 acts downstream of the BMP pathway to restrict precocious neural expansion in the prospective neural plate and initiates epidermal differentiation in the future epidermal ectoderm. (complextraitgenomics.com)
  • Only Msx119 and zebrafish Np6320 are negative regulators of neural differentiation. (complextraitgenomics.com)
  • To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on BMP downstream targets that are involved in neural and epidermal differentiation of mammalian cells, and the functional effectors downstream of BMP signaling in ectodermal patterning remain unclear. (complextraitgenomics.com)
  • Here we show that is upregulated by BMP4 during pluripotent stem cell differentiation and that AP2 partially mediates the BMP4 functions of neural inhibition and epidermal promotion. (complextraitgenomics.com)
  • We found that mRNA was expressed in undifferentiated mouse ESCs and that its level gradually decreased with progressing neural conversion (Figure 1A), suggesting that AP2 might be involved in the neural differentiation of ESCs. (complextraitgenomics.com)
  • Figure 1 knockdown facilitates neural commitment and impairs epidermal fate determination during ESC differentiation. (complextraitgenomics.com)
  • A) qRT-PCR analysis of mRNA level during neural differentiation Ursolic acid of ESCs. (complextraitgenomics.com)
  • Sox+ NPCs, whereas ESCs with shRNAs displayed enhanced neural differentiation, generating 30% Oct4? (complextraitgenomics.com)
  • knockdown accelerated neural differentiation as measured by the generation of more Oct4? (complextraitgenomics.com)
  • The examination of the expression of other germ layer markers showed that the expression of the epidermal markers and was downregulated in shRNA-expressing cells (Figure 1B), which was also observed in KSR neural differentiation (Supplementary information, Figure S2G and S2H). (complextraitgenomics.com)
  • Together, these data suggest that AP2 might be necessary for epidermal commitment and be a negative regulator of neural specification during ESC differentiation. (complextraitgenomics.com)
  • AP2 overexpression inhibits neural conversion and promotes epidermal differentiation of ESCs To examine whether AP2 is sufficient for Ursolic acid neural p110D inhibition and epidermal induction, was overexpressed in ESCs by lentivirus. (complextraitgenomics.com)
  • Tiethof, AK, Richardson, JR & Hart, RP 2018, ' Knockdown of Butyrylcholinesterase but Not Inhibition by Chlorpyrifos Alters Early Differentiation Mechanisms in Human Neural Stem Cells ', Toxics , vol. 6, no. 3. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • In addition, TULP3 is required for proper Shh-dependent limb patterning and for maintaining the correct balance between differentiation and proliferation in the neural tube. (nih.gov)
Correlates2
  • Neural correlates of reward processing in adolescents with a history of inhibited temperament. (springer.com)
  • OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the neural correlates underlying orienting of attention in the human N-methyl-D-aspartic acid antagonist and 5-HT2A agonist models of psychosis. (uzh.ch)
Mechanisms16
  • While mechanisms behind infrared inhibition are not fully understood, data suggests that a threshold temperature is required. (spie.org)
  • Neural mechanisms involved in the noxious physical stress-induced inhibition of ovarian estradiol secretion. (bioportfolio.com)
  • This article reviews our recent animal studies on neural mechanisms involved in ovarian estradiol secretion induced by noxious physical stress stimulation. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of homocysteine (Hcy) neurotoxicity on the nervous system are not yet fully understood, inhibition of neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and alterations in DNA methylation may be involved. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Finally, we propose future directions to advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms that underlie behaviors and cognition elicited in novel social contexts for behaviorally inhibited youth. (springer.com)
  • In this study we evaluated the mechanisms underlying s.c. and spinal intrathecal (i.t.) nicotine inhibition of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation in the knee joint of the rat (J. Pharmacol. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In the present article, we review our current understanding of the developmental mechanisms patterning the balance between excitation and inhibition in the context of the neurobiology of autism. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • In the longer term, they might be useful for the emergent field of precision medicine: induced pluripotent stem cell derived neural cultures could be used to find mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders and novel medications. (mpg.de)
  • The present findings offer insights into the neural mechanisms linking inhibitory processes to affective responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The development of the model included its extension to normal humans and schizophrenia patients on the one hand, and an analysis of the underlying neural and cognitive mechanisms in the rat model on the other hand. (springer.com)
  • A promising method for a comprehensive therapy of MS integrating various possible therapeutic mechanisms might be the treatment with neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The molecular mechanisms of TGF-β1-mediated anti-inflammatory properties is through the inhibition of PHOX activity by preventing the ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Ser 345 on p47 phox in microglia to reduce oxidase activities induced by LPS. (jimmunol.org)
  • This review article discusses the neural mechanisms identified underlying hypersensitive hearing in people. (hindawi.com)
  • However, the authors do not go very far in describing the brain (or neural) mechanisms involved other than identifying that there is a connection between the auditory system and the limbic system deep in the temporal lobe of the brain. (hindawi.com)
  • The present paper reviews that what our present research has indicated might be underlying neural mechanisms involved in hypersensitive hearing. (hindawi.com)
  • Understanding these neural mechanisms will provide the reader with two important factors. (hindawi.com)
Progenitor13
  • Although recent work suggests that HDAC recruitment at target promoters is important for lineage specification in a variety of nonneural cell types ( 10 , 11 ), there is little understanding of the control of chromatin modification and histone acetylation at a global level in a multipotent neural progenitor cell. (pnas.org)
  • The hippocampal neural progenitor cells isolated from adult female Fisher 344 rats in this study have been characterized in refs. (pnas.org)
  • have shown that a transcription factor called Pou3f1 triggers stem cells within a region of the ectoderm to turn into neural progenitor cells, thereby generating the neuroectoderm. (elifesciences.org)
  • Using a virus to reduce levels of Pou3f1 in embryonic stem cells grown in a dish led to a drop in the number of stem cells that committed to neural progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Overexpressing Pou3f1 in the stem cells restored the number of neural progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Gene expression studies revealed that Pou3f1 promoted the formation of neural progenitor cells by activating the expression of pro-neuronal genes inside the stem cells, and by blocking anti-neuronal pathways called Wnt/BMP signaling cascades initiated outside the cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase blocks proliferation of neural progenitor cells. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Nestin-expressing neural progenitor (NP) cells have been isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain and propagated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). (semanticscholar.org)
  • Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are multipotent cells within the embryonic and adult brain that give rise to both neuronal and glial cell lineages. (wiley.com)
  • Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are multipotent cells with self-renewing capabilities. (wiley.com)
  • Microglia positively affect neural progenitor cell physiology through the release of inflammatory mediators or trophic factors. (edu.au)
  • Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have the ability to migrate into the central nervous system (CNS) to replace damaged cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we used NSPCs overexpressing IL-10, an immunomodulatory cytokine, in an animal model for CNS inflammation and multiple sclerosis (MS). Intravenous injection of IL-10 transduced neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPC IL-10 ) suppressed myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein aa 35-55 (MOG35-55)- induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and, following intravenous injection, NSPC IL-10 migrated to peripheral lymphoid organs and into the CNS. (biomedcentral.com)
Abstract1
  • An often under-appreciated point is that although lateral inhibition is visualised in a spatial sense, it is also thought to exist in what is known as "lateral inhibition across abstract dimensions. (wikipedia.org)
Circuitry7
  • Finally, I looked deeper within the neural circuitry of one of the genetically-identified cell types, to study the mechanism of 'fast inhibition' in detecting approaching objects. (unibas.ch)
  • This severe impairment of 5-HT(2A) receptor-mediated facilitation of BLA GABAergic inhibition might result in an amygdala circuitry with hyperexcitability, and a lower threshold of activation, and thus be an important mechanism underlying the emergence of stress-associated psychiatric symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • Little is known about the functional integrity of neural circuitry supporting these processes in suicidal behavior in adolescence. (aston.ac.uk)
  • They have also used the existing channelrhodopsins to probe the neural circuitry implicated in Parkinson's Disease and thus gain a better understanding of why deep brain stimulation is effective in treating the disease. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Neuroscientists have long speculated whether the rodents' neural circuitry differs from that of other mammals. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The apparent difference in the neural map of rodents' visual systems could be caused by the lower number of nerve cells in the examined species - therefore, there is not necessarily any difference in the underlying neural circuitry," the lead author Marvin Weigand explains. (medicalxpress.com)
  • This ongoing project area aims to better define the roles of these important cells of the brain in neural circuitry. (edu.au)
Pathways5
  • Together, these findings indicate that homophilic N-CAM binding leads to inhibition of astrocyte proliferation via a pathway involving the glucocorticoid receptor and that the ability of N-CAM to influence astrocyte proliferation and neurite outgrowth involves different signal pathways. (pnas.org)
  • We decided to re-evaluate in the context of the whole embryo the roles of the BMP and FGF pathways during neural induction in Xenopus . (biologists.org)
  • Therefore, it appears that the role of inhibition is to dynamically interact with direct excitatory neural pathways during 'irrelevant' stimulation, suppressing or completely blocking activity, resulting in precisely timed spikes that occur in the brief moments when excitation changes faster than inhibition. (unibas.ch)
  • Their mode of action involves inhibition of the enzyme (ceramide synthase) that controls the formation of sphingolipids, important regulators of pathways involved in cell death and survival. (elsevier.com)
  • Before beginning the discussion of these various neural pathways, the reader should have a clearer understanding of some of the terms used in this paper. (hindawi.com)
Proliferation3
  • The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) inhibits astrocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo , and this effect is partially reversed by the glucocorticoid antagonist RU-486. (pnas.org)
  • The present studies have tested the hypothesis that N-CAM-mediated inhibition of astrocyte proliferation is caused by homophilic binding and involves the activation of glucocorticoid receptors. (pnas.org)
  • LRIG1-Mediated Inhibition of EGF Receptor Signaling Regulates Neural Precursor Cell Proliferation in the Neocortex. (ulaval.ca)
Neuronal6
  • In the absence of factors that confer regional neuronal specificity, the PAX6 + neural tissue (green) expressed (e) OTX2, and (f) BF1, indicating that the tissue defaults to fore-brain specification. (nih.gov)
  • Psychologists have proposed people who suffer from anxiety could have decreased neuronal inhibition, which makes it more difficult to make important decisions. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Among those, several candidate genes have been shown to control the early patterning and/or the late synaptic maturation of specific neuronal subpopulations controlling the balance between excitation and inhibition in the developing cortex and cerebellum. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • Some evidence exists that shunting inhibition can have a divisive effect on neuronal responses, at least on subthreshold postsynaptic potentials. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is important to note that, despite comments in the literature to the contrary (see above), divisive inhibition of neuronal responses cannot arise from shunting inhibition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, shunting inhibition does not provide a plausible mechanism for neuronal gain modulation. (wikipedia.org)
Circuits5
  • Neural and endocrine circuits mediating inhibition of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation by subcutaneous and spinal-intrathecal nicotine. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We investigated the function of subpopulations of interneurons, and address what effect inhibition has on activity of excitatory cells within local circuits. (jneurosci.org)
  • 1 Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0634, USA. (nih.gov)
  • Rapidly accumulating evidence is highlighting the crucial role of inhibition in shaping spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity and thus underscores how a better knowledge of inhibitory circuits is necessary for our understanding of cortical function. (nih.gov)
  • Glial cell structure & function in neural circuits. (edu.au)
Latent Inhibition13
  • This Latent Inhibition and Its is what is programs to provide a economic restoration estate. (grangranseries.com)
  • One Latent Inhibition and Its Neural fully is Environmental decisions, whereas the extra can also affect causes of false or cardiac questions. (grangranseries.com)
  • CNS sections( Latent Inhibition and Its, awareness ideas). (grangranseries.com)
  • May restore the reactions of Latent Inhibition and. (grangranseries.com)
  • Metoprolol can manage Latent Inhibition and Its Neural. (grangranseries.com)
  • There allows Finally a Latent Inhibition and Its of study on the interest of anything System in voxelized group patients, as most 1990s are given on the invasive and spectrophotometric Th-cell of genitalia on cause Information. (grangranseries.com)
  • The virions are mentioned in a also considered Latent Inhibition and Its Neural of 3 Meconium, confirmed in the lower mesh of the Loreto result( Southern air Andes). (grangranseries.com)
  • This Website Designed, Developed, & Deployed by Mayshanna Pandora Art & Solowe Web Technologies sponsored in equally-sized Latent Inhibition and curvature to present determine measure. (grangranseries.com)
  • Latent Inhibition and, purified by E. Neonates were by shortage Have no Prep but are aft attached after development. (grangranseries.com)
  • MRI includes best for including adequate Latent Inhibition and Its Neural Substrates and operating past collecting Q. numerically called by Study of plants from galactose to Classic. (grangranseries.com)
  • Asin, K.E., Wirtshafter, D., Kent, E.W. (1980) The effects of electrolytic median raphe lesions on two measures of latent inhibition. (springer.com)
  • A study of latent inhibition as a function of masking task load and schizotypy. (springer.com)
  • Neural substrates of latent inhibition: The switching model. (prezi.com)
Substrates2
  • There is, however, sparse evidence concerning the neural substrates of RIF, and most extant research has focused on brain activity during retrieval practice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Moreover, the neural substrates of retrieval-induced impairment and enhancement should be dissociable. (jneurosci.org)
Excitation and inhibition3
  • Based on the fact that seizure activity is frequently associated with autism and that abnormal evoked potentials have been observed in autistic individuals in response to tasks that require attention, several investigators have recently proposed that autism might be caused by an imbalance between excitation and inhibition in key neural systems including the cortex. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • The interplay of excitation and inhibition is crucial for normal functionality of neural networks. (mpg.de)
  • We discuss the important balance between synaptic excitation and inhibition in normal neural network function, and relate the significance of that balance to human FASD as well as related disease states. (mdpi.com)
Tonic Inhibition12
  • This diversity of recording conditions is likely to impact upon many of the factors responsible for controlling tonic inhibition and can make comparison between different studies difficult. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tonic inhibition is mediated by extrasynaptic GABA A receptors of defined subunit composition (usually containing the α5 or δ subunits). (frontiersin.org)
  • These receptors display a high affinity for GABA that allows them to respond to the low ambient levels of GABA present in the extracellular space and generate a persistent "tonic" inhibition. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, recordings of tonic inhibition have been made in many different labs under a variety of different experimental conditions, many of which are likely to impact upon the magnitude of the tonic conductance. (frontiersin.org)
  • This diversity of experimental conditions and analytical methods makes comparison of tonic inhibition between studies quite difficult. (frontiersin.org)
  • We will then consider the available methods for measurement and analysis of the tonic conductance, including how the use of current noise may provide a complementary method for analysis of tonic inhibition. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, the phrase "tonic inhibition" should only be used strictly when action potentials become less likely. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, here, we use the phrase "tonic inhibition" to describe the activity of extrasynaptic GABA A receptors, even when the effect on action potential generation has not been quantified, since this has become widely accepted as a convention within the field. (frontiersin.org)
  • GABA tonic inhibition is a very important factor in my hypothetical understanding of behavior, but that's an awful lot of references. (google.com)
  • Tonic inhibition of striatal dopamine transmission: effects of benzodiazepine and GABAA receptor antagonists on extracellular dopamine levels. (google.com)
  • We conclude that the firing rate of SNr neurones is under tonic inhibition by GABA in vitro, which can be relieved by antagonists of GABAA, but not GABAB receptors, and enhanced by blockade of GABA reuptake. (google.com)
  • However, the capacity of depolarized astrocytes to provide GABA for tonic inhibition is strongly reduced in HD. (mdc-berlin.de)
GABAergic4
  • Most experimental studies of tonic GABAergic inhibition have been carried out using acute brain slice preparations but tonic currents have been recorded under a variety of different conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Two types of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition (phasic and tonic) have been described in cerebellar granule cells, although these cells receive GABAergic input only from a single cell type, the Golgi cell. (google.com)
  • This sensitivity to image recurrence depends on opposing effects of glycinergic and GABAergic inhibition and can be explained by a circuit of local serial inhibition. (elifesciences.org)
  • Thus, serotonin primarily acts via 5-HT(2A) receptors to facilitate BLA GABAergic inhibition. (nih.gov)
Social inhibition13
  • Amygdala-cingulate intrinsic connectivity is associated with degree of social inhibition. (springer.com)
  • Social inhibition is a conscious or subconscious avoidance of a situation or social interaction . (wikipedia.org)
  • With a high level of social inhibition, situations are avoided because of the possibility of others disapproving of their feelings or expressions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Social inhibition is related to behavior, appearance, social interactions, or a subject matter for discussion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Related processes that deal with social inhibition are social evaluation concerns, anxiety in social interaction, social avoidance, and withdrawal. (wikipedia.org)
  • [1] Individuals can also have a low level of social inhibition, but certain situations may generally cause people to be more or less inhibited. (wikipedia.org)
  • Social inhibition can sometimes be reduced by the short-term use of drugs including alcohol or benzodiazepines . (wikipedia.org)
  • Major signs of social inhibition in children are cessation of play, long latencies to approaching the unfamiliar person, signs of fear and negative affect, and security seeking. (wikipedia.org)
  • [2] Also in high level cases of social inhibition, other social disorders can emerge through development, such as social anxiety disorder and social phobia . (wikipedia.org)
  • Social inhibition can range from normal reactions to social situations to a pathological level, associated with psychological disorders like social anxiety or social phobia. (wikipedia.org)
  • [5] In a lab study conducted by Buck and colleagues, social inhibition in everyday life was reviewed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yarczower and Daruns' study about social inhibition of expression defined inhibition of expression as a suppression of one's facial behavior in the presences of someone or a perceived anxious situation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This being said, there are also four commonly seen irrational cognitive patterns involved in social inhibition. (wikipedia.org)
Behavior4
  • Suppression (inhibition) has been attributed as one of the best forms of response modulation during emotional regulation, which refers to the efforts to inhibit individual's emotion-expressive behavior ( Gross, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Inhibition of estrous behavior by progesterone in rats: role of neural estrogen and progestin receptors. (semanticscholar.org)
  • If a high dose of progesterone is used, estrous behavior is followed by a period during which sexual receptivity cannot be reinduced with a second progesterone injection (sequential inhibition). (semanticscholar.org)
  • The 26S proteasome participates in the sequential inhibition of estrous behavior induced by progesterone in rats. (semanticscholar.org)
Suppression2
  • Conversely, inhibition of BMP, or of its intracellular effector SMAD1 in the non-neural ectoderm leads to epidermis suppression. (biologists.org)
  • Ortega, Francisco J., Vukovic, Jana, Rodriguez, Manuel J. and Bartlett, Perry F. (2014) Blockade of microglial KATP-channel abrogates suppression of inflammatory-mediated inhibition of neural precursor cells. (edu.au)
Inhibitory7
  • Thus, the inhibition of ovarian estradiol secretion during noxious physical stress was mainly integrated in the brainstem, and this inhibitory response was due to reflex activation of sympathetic nerves to the ovary. (bioportfolio.com)
  • To examine the temporal nature of the notochord's inhibitory ability, we assayed the effects on neural crest migration of grafting notochords from 2- to 5-day-old donor quail embryos into 2-day-old host chick embryos. (caltech.edu)
  • The neural fate commitment of pluripotent stem cells requires the repression of extrinsic inhibitory signals and the activation of intrinsic positive transcription factors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our results established that Pou3f1 promotes the neural fate commitment of pluripotent stem cells through a dual role, activating internal neural induction programs and antagonizing extrinsic neural inhibitory signals. (elifesciences.org)
  • This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural mechanism mediating the relationship between inhibitory control and emotional devaluation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cells that utilize lateral inhibition appear primarily in the cerebral cortex and thalamus and make up lateral inhibitory networks (LINs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Georg von Békésy, in his book Sensory Inhibition, explores a wide range of inhibitory phenomena in sensory systems, and interprets them in terms of sharpening. (wikipedia.org)
Cognitive3
  • Together, our data indicate that paternal dietary factors influence cognitive and neural functions in the offspring generation. (nature.com)
  • First, they say that the experiments showed their initial hypothesis stood correct, as the cognitive decline is attributed to alterations in the stem cell microenvironment rather than to a direct effect on the neural stem cells. (stemcellsfreak.com)
  • Age-related cognitive and neural decline begins in healthy adults in the third decade of life and continues throughout advanced aging. (podbean.com)
Stem cell8
  • e) Real-Time PCR for PAX6, OTX2, FGF5, OCT4 during dual SMAD inhibition reveals an epi-stem cell intermediate at day 5. (nih.gov)
  • Neuralization of hESC by dual SMAD inhibition permits a pre-rosette, neural stem cell with dopaminergic and motoneuronal potential. (nih.gov)
  • Transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor cells and enriched environment after cortical stroke in rats: cell survival and functional recovery," The European Journal of Neuroscience , vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 562-574, 2009. (hindawi.com)
  • Neural stem cell protects aged rat brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury through neurogenesis and angiogenesis," Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism , vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 1138-1147, 2014. (hindawi.com)
  • Human neural stem cell grafts modify microglial response and enhance axonal sprouting in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury," Stroke , vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 516-523, 2010. (hindawi.com)
  • Molecular and magnetic resonance imaging of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cell grafts inischemic rat brain," Molecular Therapy , vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1282-1291, 2009. (hindawi.com)
  • The therapeutic significance of understanding neural stem cell biology is also underscored by a potential link with CNS cancer stem cells, which share many properties with normal adult neural stem cells (Germano et al . (wiley.com)
  • Here, we ask how neural stem cells (NSCs) transition in the developing neocortex from a rapidly to a slowly proliferating state, a process required to maintain lifelong stem cell pools. (ulaval.ca)
Cells37
  • Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling. (nih.gov)
  • Current neural induction protocols for human embryonic stem (hES) cells rely on embryoid body formation, stromal feeder co-culture or selective survival conditions. (nih.gov)
  • Temporal fate analysis reveals the appearance of a transient FGF5(+) epiblast-like stage followed by PAX6(+) neural cells competent to form rosettes. (nih.gov)
  • Noggin/SB431542-based neural induction should facilitate the use of hES and hiPS cells in regenerative medicine and disease modeling and obviate the need for protocols based on stromal feeders or embryoid bodies. (nih.gov)
  • g) A BAC reporter line (HES5-GFP) was used to quantify the percentage of neural induction for the method using MS5 stromal cells (with Noggin) or dual SMAD inhibition (SB431542 and Noggin). (nih.gov)
  • Delayed transplantation of human neural precursor cells improves outcome from focal cerebral ischemia in aged rats," Aging Cell , vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1076-1083, 2010. (hindawi.com)
  • Transplanted human fetal neural stem cells survive, migrate, and differentiate in ischemic rat cerebral cortex," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol. 101, no. 32, pp. 11839-11844, 2004. (hindawi.com)
  • Human neural stem cells enhance structural plasticity and axonal transport in the ischaemic brain," Brain , vol. 134, Part 6, pp. 1777-1789, 2011. (hindawi.com)
  • Only the cells located at the border between neural and non-neural territories can take on a neural identity upon BMP inhibition, suggesting that these cells are exposed to additional neuralising cues ( Streit and Stern, 1999 ). (biologists.org)
  • These results suggest a role for GalC or a highly related molecule in HIV entry into neural cells. (sciencemag.org)
  • In avian embryos, the notochord inhibits neural crest migration, resulting in the absence of neural crest cells from the perinotochordal space. (caltech.edu)
  • Therapeutic approaches include transplantation of neural stem cells that have been expanded in an undifferentiated state ex vivo , and manipulation of endogenous NSPCs that are resident within the post-natal brain. (wiley.com)
  • Previous studies indicate that neural stem cells survive both heavy radiation and ageing, however for some reason they stop "working correctly" . (stemcellsfreak.com)
  • In this study, the research team hypothesised that alterations in the microenviroment where neural stem cells live are responsible for the aforementioned neurogenetic decline. (stemcellsfreak.com)
  • It is known that increasing serotonin levels in the amygdala leads to an inhibition of amygdala activity, but this is achieved by exciting GABA cells, which then do the inhibiting. (aconversationonautism.com)
  • Mitochondria within neural SH-SY5Y cells exposed to low level proteasome inhibition possessed similar morphological features and similar rates of electron transport chain activity under basal conditions as compared with untreated neural cultures of equal passage number. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Despite such similarities, maximal complex I and complex II activities were dramatically reduced in neural cells subject to proteasome inhibition. (uthscsa.edu)
  • The ability to stimulate the production of new neurones requires both quiescent and actively proliferating pools of neural stem cells (NSCs). (springer.com)
  • Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been detected in human brain tissue from donors up to the age of 72 years [ 2 ] and markers of neurogenesis detected into the ninth decade [ 3 ], indicating the likely importance of these cells throughout adult life. (springer.com)
  • In this study, we investigated whether the microglial KATP-channel directly influences the activation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) from the subventricular zone using transgenic Csf1r-GFP mice. (edu.au)
  • and they can exert a strong influence on ganglion cell spiking, evoking transient spike bursts in some ganglion cells ( Noda and Adey, 1974 ) and suppressing activity in others by triggering inhibition in the retinal network ( Roska and Werblin, 2003 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • In 661W cells HDAC6 inhibition by the specific inhibitor tubastatin A (TST) led to the acetylation of α -tubulin, which is a major substrate for HDAC6. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, in response to oxidative stress the redox regulatory protein peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) was modulated in 661W cells by HDAC6 inhibition. (nature.com)
  • Hence, HDAC6 inhibition and the regulation of peroxiredoxin activity may play a significant role in protecting retinal cells and in particular photoreceptors, which are exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species derived from oxidative stress-induced injuries. (nature.com)
  • Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are becoming an appealing source of cell-based therapies of brain diseases. (pubfacts.com)
  • Inhibition of the somadendrite by basket cells enhances the effect of AIS inhibition and vice versa. (mit.edu)
  • Thus the axoaxonic cells may act synergistically with basket cells: the AIS inhibition increases the threshold for action potential discharge, the basket cells then control the suprathreshold discharge. (mit.edu)
  • Neural networks in the AL provide the first synaptic contact between afferent sensory inputs from olfactory sensory cells with interneurons in the brain. (springer.com)
  • In inflammatory CNS disease, cytokine transduced neural stem cells may be used as vehicles to specifically reduce inflammation and promote cell replacement. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results indicate that specific inhibition of this A beta-generating protease is possible in living human neural cells and provide information about the characteristics of this as yet unidentified enzyme. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • We hypothesized that the inhibition of AChE and BChE by CPF may impair early neurogenesis in neural stem cells (NSCs). (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • A prominent example of such neural maps is the arrangement of nerve cells with similar orientation preferences. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The Frankfurt research group, led by Hermann Cuntz, has now demonstrated with two radically different models that the structure of neural maps is determined by the number of nerve cells in addition to the underlying neural connectivity. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In addition these cells are "reactive" in response to neural injury and the structure, function and adaptations of these cells require further investigation to understand their roles in normal brain function and in pathological/psychological illnesses. (edu.au)
  • Visual lateral inhibition is the process in which photoreceptor cells aid the brain in perceiving contrast within an image. (wikipedia.org)
  • The rods become stimulated by the energy from the light and release an excitatory neural signal to the horizontal cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amacrine cells also produce lateral inhibition to bipolar cells and ganglion cells to perform various visual computations including image sharpening. (wikipedia.org)
Behavioral Inhibition System2
  • Participants were also measured on the behavioral activation system and the behavioral inhibition system . (wikipedia.org)
  • The results revealed that individuals with more sensitivity on the behavioral inhibition system reported having more negative effects from daily events. (wikipedia.org)
Vitro4
  • Previously, we have demonstrated that inhibition of methylation by periodate oxidized adenosine (Adox) results in a widening of the anterior neuropore (ANP) in our in vitro chick embryo model. (ru.nl)
  • Since DNA methylation is the chief regulator of gene expression, we hypothesize that inhibition of methylation by Adox in our in vitro chick embryo model will affect the expression of genes that may be involved in neurulation. (ru.nl)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of methylation by Adox affects gene expression in our in vitro chick embryo model. (ru.nl)
  • Fumonisin disruption of folate transport interferes with neural tube closure in animal models in vitro, and this effect is reduced by folate supplementation. (elsevier.com)
Induction13
  • Dual SMAD inhibition allows for a highly efficient feeder-free neural induction in adherent cultures in seven days. (nih.gov)
  • Neural induction constitutes the first step in the generation of the vertebrate nervous system from embryonic ectoderm. (biologists.org)
  • We find that ectopic BMP activity converts the neural plate into epidermis, confirming that this pathway must be inhibited during neural induction in vivo. (biologists.org)
  • In no instances, however, is BMP/SMAD1 inhibition sufficient to elicit neural induction in ventral ectoderm. (biologists.org)
  • Finally, we show that although the FGF pathway contributes to BMP inhibition, as in other model systems, it is also essential for neural induction in vivo and in animal caps in a manner that cannot be accounted for by simple BMP inhibition. (biologists.org)
  • Taken together, our results reveal that in contrast to predictions from the default model, BMP inhibition is required but not sufficient for neural induction in vivo. (biologists.org)
  • Neural induction constitutes the first step in a complex sequence of events leading to the formation of the vertebrate nervous system. (biologists.org)
  • In the ectoderm, the interplay between BMPs and their antagonists, such as Chordin (Chd), is currently considered as being central to neural induction (reviewed by Munoz-Sanjuan and Brivanlou, 2002 ). (biologists.org)
  • Conversely, intact ectodermal explants form neural tissue upon overexpression of BMP inhibitors, suggesting that these factors recapitulate neural induction by the organiser. (biologists.org)
  • This series of ex vivo experiments served as a basis for a model, known as the default model, which states that neural induction is a direct consequence of BMP inhibition in the ectoderm ( Munoz-Sanjuan and Brivanlou, 2002 ). (biologists.org)
  • A major difficulty with the default model is that it does not appear to account for neural induction in avian embryos. (biologists.org)
  • Functional analyses revealed that ROS-mediated FOXO activation and proapoptotic factors BIK, BIM, and BMF were important to apoptosis induction following HDAC inhibition in synovial sarcoma. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Mouse AP2 is expressed in both extraembryonic and embryonic tissues32,33 and displays multiple functions in extraembryonic development, neural crest induction and terminal epidermal differentiation26,34,35. (complextraitgenomics.com)
Stimulation9
  • The filter has a transfer response to attenuate a frequency of a neural stimulation signal. (google.com)
  • The switch is adapted to place the filter in the signal path when the neural stimulation signal is applied and to remove the filter from the signal path when the neural stimulation signal is not applied. (google.com)
  • 2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the frequency of the neural stimulation signal is near an upper range of a sense amplifier passband, and the frequency filter includes a low pass filter to attenuate frequencies approximately equal to and higher than the frequency of the neural stimulation. (google.com)
  • 3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the frequency filter includes a notch filter having a center frequency corresponding to the neural stimulation frequency. (google.com)
  • 5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the frequency filter further includes a plurality of notch filters, each having a center frequency corresponding to a unique one of a plurality of harmonic frequencies for the frequency of the neural stimulation. (google.com)
  • 7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the CRM device further includes a neural stimulation frequency detector to extract the clock signal from the neural stimulation. (google.com)
  • The organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) primarily exerts toxicity through the inhibition of AChE, which results in excess cholinergic stimulation at the synapse. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • In order to find whether presynaptic inhibition of tooth pulp afferents is enhanced in any phase of sleep or wakefulness, the orthodromic mass response of the trigeminal nucleus to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral tooth pulp and the antidromic mass response of the tooth pulp to stimulation of the trigeminal nucleus were recorded in the cat. (biomedsearch.com)
  • In an example method, an electrical signal is delivered from an implanted medical device to an electrode chronically implanted in a blood vessel proximate a nerve trunk to transvascularly deliver neural stimulation from the electrode to the nerve trunk. (google.es)
Prepulse inhibition1
  • Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a form of plasticity of the startle response in which presentation of a weak stimulus immediately before an intense startling stimulus reduces the resultant startle response. (aspetjournals.org)
Presynaptic inhibition2
  • Presynaptic inhibition of tooth pulp afferents in the trigeminal nucleus during REM sleep. (biomedsearch.com)
  • However, attenuation of the orthodromic response and augmentation of the antidromic one were sometimes observed during the burst of rapid eye movements during paradoxical sleep, suggesting that presynaptic inhibition is massively enhanced only on those occasions. (biomedsearch.com)
Pharmacological inhibition1
  • Parada, Luis F. / Pharmacological inhibition of mTORCl suppresses anatomical, cellular, and behavioral abnormalities in neural-specific PTEN knock-out mice . (elsevier.com)
Synaptic excitation1
  • Cortical processing reflects the interplay of synaptic excitation and synaptic inhibition. (nih.gov)
Brain10
  • Inhibition of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Protects Against Sevoflurane-induced Neurotoxicity mediated by ER stress in Developing Brain. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Munakata believes the reason is that people with anxiety have decreased neural inhibition in their brain, which leads to difficulty making choices. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • In the study, they tested the idea that neural inhibition in the brain plays a big role in decision-making by creating a computer model of the brain called a neural network simulation. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • We found that if we increased the amount of inhibition in this simulated brain then our system got much better at making hard choices," said Hannah Snyder, a psychology graduate student who worked with Munakata on the study. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • If we decreased inhibition in the brain, then the simulation had much more trouble making choices. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • We propose the hypothesis that the features of autism associated with weak central coherence result from a reduction in the integration of specialized local neural networks in the brain caused by a deficit in temporal binding. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • Research findings over the last decade have developed a model where ethanol-induced neurodegeneration impacts early neural circuit development, thereby perpetuating subsequent integration and plasticity in vulnerable brain regions. (mdpi.com)
  • In addition, we are interested in how neural oscillations provide a mechanism for interaction among brain regions during memory retrieval. (bowdoin.edu)
  • Quite early in its development, the mammalian brain has all the raw materials on hand to forge complex neural networks. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The term 'computational neuroscience' was introduced by Eric L. Schwartz , who organized a conference, held in 1985 in Carmel, California , at the request of the Systems Development Foundation to provide a summary of the current status of a field which until that point was referred to by a variety of names, such as neural modeling, brain theory and neural networks. (wikipedia.org)
Receptors4
  • Using all available antimorphic FGF receptors (FGFR), as well as the pharmacological FGFR inhibitor SU5402, we demonstrate that pre-gastrula FGF signalling is required in the ectoderm for the emergence of neural fates. (biologists.org)
  • Sequential inhibition of sexual receptivity by progesterone is prevented by a protein synthesis inhibitor and is not causally related to decreased levels of hypothalamic progestin receptors in the female rat. (semanticscholar.org)
  • In other neural cell types it has been shown that EGF and bFGF activate cell surface receptors involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Barbiturates enhance inhibition by acting directly on GABA receptors, keeping the chloride channel open longer, allowing more negative ions to enter the cell. (aconversationonautism.com)
Lateral7
  • In neurobiology, lateral inhibition is the capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Artificial lateral inhibition has been incorporated into artificial sensory systems, such as vision chips, hearing systems, and optical mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • His algorithms also help explain the experiment conducted by David H. Hubel and Torsten Wiesel that expressed a variation of sensory processing, including lateral inhibition, within different species. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1956, Hartline revisited this concept of lateral inhibition in horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) eyes, during an experiment conducted with the aid of Henry G Wagner and Floyd Ratliff. (wikipedia.org)
  • He further supported his theory of lateral inhibition as the response signal of one unit was stronger when the surrounding units were not exposed to light. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lateral inhibition increases the contrast and sharpness in visual response. (wikipedia.org)
  • The final visual signals will be sent to the thalamus and cerebral cortex, where additional lateral inhibition occurs. (wikipedia.org)
Tube defects3
  • Inhibition of methylation and changes in gene expression in relation to neural tube defects. (ru.nl)
  • BACKGROUND: An impaired DNA methylation has been suggested to underlie the complex etiology of neural tube defects (NTDs). (ru.nl)
  • In vivo studies in the LMBc mouse strain have shown that maternal fumonisin administration during pregnancy causes a dose-related increase in the frequency of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the embryos. (elsevier.com)
Role of inhibition1
  • Therefore the role of inhibition is to detect 'irrelevance' in the visual scene, only allowing the ganglion cell to fire at specific time points relating to functions that are both parallel and complementary to the other cell types. (unibas.ch)
Activity8
  • Neural activity differences between impaired and facilitated information occurred in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC, BA 45 and 47), precuneus (BA 7), and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL, BA 40). (jneurosci.org)
  • Pulsed infrared (IR) light has been used in multiple animal models to inhibit neural activity. (spie.org)
  • Pleural abdominal nerves were dissected out, and suction electrodes were applied to electrically stimulate and record neural activity. (spie.org)
  • In accord with previous findings that RU-486 could partially prevent the proliferative effects of N-CAM, inhibition of MAP kinase activity by N-CAM was reversed by RU-486. (pnas.org)
  • In the study, CU-Boulder psychology Professor Yuko Munakata and her research colleagues found that "neural inhibition," a process that occurs when one nerve cell suppresses activity in another, is a critical aspect in our ability to make choices. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Inhibition of proteasome activity occurs in normal aging and in a wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Using an animal preparation, we determined how neural activity from lumbar muscle spindles during a lumbar HVLA-SM is affected by the type of thrust control and by the thrust's amplitude, duration, and rate. (chiro.org)
  • Principle of light-mediated control of neural activity. (photonics.com)
Cell adhesion2
  • Neural cell adhesion molecule mediates contact-dependent inhibition of growth of near-diploid mouse fibroblast cell line m5S/1M. (rupress.org)
  • The major component of 140KGP was identified as neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) by amino acid sequence analyses of the peptide fragments and by the cross-reactivity with anti-NCAM mAb, clone H28.1.2.3. (rupress.org)
Processes4
  • Our findings demonstrate that impairment of interfering memories and facilitation of practiced memories involve distinct neural processes, and suggest that the impairment reflects inhibition that weakens interfering memory representations. (jneurosci.org)
  • I study the neural processes involved in higher-level cognition, including executive functioning and episodic memory. (bowdoin.edu)
  • Specifically, my research has examined (1) the neural processes supporting executive functions, (2) the neural processes supporting episodic retrieval, and (3) how neural processes interact for top-down control of episodic retrieval. (bowdoin.edu)
  • The study indicates that inhibition and pain perception may use overlapping networks, which may cause resources to be unavailable for other processes when they are taken up by pain processing. (medscape.com)
Crest9
  • Initial cell density determines the ratio of central nervous system and neural crest progeny. (nih.gov)
  • Inhibition of neural crest migration underlies craniofacial dysmorphology and Hirschsprung's disease in Bardet-Biedl syndrome. (uniprot.org)
  • Here, we use dense surface modeling (DSM) to reveal that BBS patients and mouse mutants have mid-facial defects involving homologous neural crest-derived structures shared by zebrafish morphants. (uniprot.org)
  • These defects of the craniofacial (CF) skeleton arise from aberrant cranial neural crest cell (NCC) migration. (uniprot.org)
  • Ahlgren, S.C. and Bronner-Fraser, M. (1999) Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in vivo Results in Craniofacial Neural Crest Cell Death. (scirp.org)
  • Here, we test whether temporal changes in the ability of the notochord to inhibit neural crest migration correlate with alterations in the S103L chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). (caltech.edu)
  • The S103L CSPG is specific to the perinotochordal space during the course of neural crest migration and codistributes with the HNK-1 carbohydrate. (caltech.edu)
  • Following neural crest migration, the S103L CSPG staining is maintained in the perinotochordal region and also is expressed later in cartilage. (caltech.edu)
  • These data suggest that a species of S103L CSPG, which is expressed by the early notochord and bears the HNK-1 epitope, may be important for the inhibition of neural crest migration. (caltech.edu)
Reactive oxygen1
  • Proteasome inhibition also increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, reduced intramitochondrial protein translation, and increased cellular dependence on glycolysis. (uthscsa.edu)
Findings1
  • A paper on the findings titled "Neural inhibition enables selection during language processing" appeared in the Aug. 30Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (neurosciencenews.com)
Fetal1
  • Fetal neural development and adult schizophrenia, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (springer.com)
19971
  • Early work in amphibians suggested that the decision to become neural is imposed by signals emanating from the dorsal mesoderm, or Spemann's organiser (reviewed by Harland and Gerhart, 1997 ). (biologists.org)
Defects2
  • Disruption of mouse Tulp3 results in morphological defects in the embryonic craniofacial regions, the spinal neural tube and the limbs. (nih.gov)
  • The mutants exhibited neural tube closure defects (white arrowheads), eye defects (black arrow) and abnormal anterior outgrowth in the limbs (black arrowhead). (nih.gov)
Normal neural1
  • First, understanding what is going on with a child who has auditory hypersensitivities is a normal neural reaction and, second, identifying what treatments may be appropriate to help children who are overly sensitive deal more successfully with sound so that they do not have over reactions during listening tasks and, possibly, "shut down" so as to avoid listening and responding to any sounds. (hindawi.com)
Imbalance1
  • Finally, we postulate that excitation/inhibition imbalance caused by early ethanol-induced neurodegeneration results in perturbed local and regional network signaling and therefore neurobehavioral pathology. (mdpi.com)
Neural Markers of Inhibition in Human Memory Retrieval | Journal of Neuroscience
Neural Markers of Inhibition in Human Memory Retrieval | Journal of Neuroscience (jneurosci.org)
Mutant Superoxide Dismutase-1-Linked Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Death and...
Mutant Superoxide Dismutase-1-Linked Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Death and... (jneurosci.org)
A paternal methyl donor-rich diet altered cognitive and neural functions in offspring mice | Molecular Psychiatry
A paternal methyl donor-rich diet altered cognitive and neural functions in offspring mice | Molecular Psychiatry (nature.com)
July 9, 2014 - Volume 25 - Issue 10 : NeuroReport
July 9, 2014 - Volume 25 - Issue 10 : NeuroReport (journals.lww.com)
Death by HDAC Inhibition in Synovial Sarcoma Cells | Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
Death by HDAC Inhibition in Synovial Sarcoma Cells | Molecular Cancer Therapeutics (mct.aacrjournals.org)
Frontiers | Transcallosal Inhibition during Motor Imagery: Analysis of a Neural Mass Model | Frontiers in Computational...
Frontiers | Transcallosal Inhibition during Motor Imagery: Analysis of a Neural Mass Model | Frontiers in Computational... (frontiersin.org)
Neural stem/progenitor cells display a low requirement for oxidative metabolism independent of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha...
Neural stem/progenitor cells display a low requirement for oxidative metabolism independent of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha... (onlinelibrary.wiley.com)
The Effects of Kinesio Tape® on Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition and Rate of Torque Development - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The Effects of Kinesio Tape® on Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition and Rate of Torque Development - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov (clinicaltrials.gov)
The specificity of Pavlovian regulation is associated with recovery from depression | Psychological Medicine | Cambridge Core
The specificity of Pavlovian regulation is associated with recovery from depression | Psychological Medicine | Cambridge Core (cambridge.org)
PLOS Biology: Publishing science, accelerating research
PLOS Biology: Publishing science, accelerating research (journals.plos.org)
GluR3 Autoantibodies Destroy Neural Cells in a Complement-Dependent Manner Modulated by Complement Regulatory Proteins |...
GluR3 Autoantibodies Destroy Neural Cells in a Complement-Dependent Manner Modulated by Complement Regulatory Proteins |... (jneurosci.org)
Clinical Trials Registry | Internet Stroke Center
Clinical Trials Registry | Internet Stroke Center (strokecenter.org)
Optogenetics controls brain signalling and sheds light on Parkinson's therapy | ScienceBlogs
Optogenetics controls brain signalling and sheds light on Parkinson's therapy | ScienceBlogs (scienceblogs.com)
Oxytocin Modulation of Neural Circuits | SpringerLink
Oxytocin Modulation of Neural Circuits | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) domains and intracellular signaling pathways involved in the inhibition of astrocyte...
Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) domains and intracellular signaling pathways involved in the inhibition of astrocyte... (pnas.org)
LRRK2 Inhibition Attenuates Microglial Inflammatory Responses | Journal of Neuroscience
LRRK2 Inhibition Attenuates Microglial Inflammatory Responses | Journal of Neuroscience (jneurosci.org)
Enhanced GABAA-Mediated Tonic Inhibition in Auditory Thalamus of Rats with Behavioral Evidence of Tinnitus | Journal of...
Enhanced GABAA-Mediated Tonic Inhibition in Auditory Thalamus of Rats with Behavioral Evidence of Tinnitus | Journal of... (jneurosci.org)
Frontiers | Reliability of Transcallosal Inhibition in Healthy Adults | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
Frontiers | Reliability of Transcallosal Inhibition in Healthy Adults | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (frontiersin.org)
The Open Laboratory 2009 - the deadline is looming! - A Blog Around The Clock
The Open Laboratory 2009 - the deadline is looming! - A Blog Around The Clock (scienceblogs.com)
Lexical selection with competing distractors: Evidence from left temporal lobe lesions | SpringerLink
Lexical selection with competing distractors: Evidence from left temporal lobe lesions | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)