Neural crest. Medical search

The two longitudinal ridges along the PRIMITIVE STREAK appearing near the end of GASTRULATION during development of nervous system (NEURULATION). The ridges are formed by folding of NEURAL PLATE. Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the NEURAL TUBE.

A genus of BIRDS in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES, containing the common European and other Old World QUAIL.

A region, of SOMITE development period, that contains a number of paired arches, each with a mesodermal core lined by ectoderm and endoderm on the two sides. In lower aquatic vertebrates, branchial arches develop into GILLS. In higher vertebrates, the arches forms outpouchings and develop into structures of the head and neck. Separating the arches are the branchial clefts or grooves.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

Common name for two distinct groups of BIRDS in the order GALLIFORMES: the New World or American quails of the family Odontophoridae and the Old World quails in the genus COTURNIX, family Phasianidae.

A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. Members of this subfamily have been implicated in regulating the differentiation of OLIGODENDROCYTES during neural crest formation and in CHONDROGENESIS.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.

The posterior of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of an embryonic brain. It consists of myelencephalon, metencephalon, and isthmus rhombencephali from which develop the major BRAIN STEM components, such as MEDULLA OBLONGATA from the myelencephalon, CEREBELLUM and PONS from the metencephalon, with the expanded cavity forming the FOURTH VENTRICLE.

Mammalian pigment cells that produce MELANINS, pigments found mainly in the EPIDERMIS, but also in the eyes and the hair, by a process called melanogenesis. Coloration can be altered by the number of melanocytes or the amount of pigment produced and stored in the organelles called MELANOSOMES. The large non-mammalian melanin-containing cells are called MELANOPHORES.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.

Proteins obtained from the ZEBRAFISH. Many of the proteins in this species have been the subject of studies involving basic embryological development (EMBRYOLOGY).

Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.

The outer of the three germ layers of an embryo.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

Proteins obtained from various species of Xenopus. Included here are proteins from the African clawed frog (XENOPUS LAEVIS). Many of these proteins have been the subject of scientific investigations in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A mild form of LIMITED SCLERODERMA, a multi-system disorder. Its features include symptoms of CALCINOSIS; RAYNAUD DISEASE; ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY DISORDERS; sclerodactyly, and TELANGIECTASIS. When the defect in esophageal function is not prominent, it is known as CRST syndrome.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

Two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. (From Kandel, Schwartz, and Jessel, Principles of Neural Science, 3d ed, p766)

The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. The precise regulation by cell interactions leads to diversity of cell types and specific pattern of organization (EMBRYOGENESIS).

A tube of ectodermal tissue in an embryo that will give rise to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, including the SPINAL CORD and the BRAIN. Lumen within the neural tube is called neural canal which gives rise to the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain. For malformation of the neural tube, see NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS.

Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA.

The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)

The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.

Oligosaccharide antigenic determinants found principally on NK cells and T-cells. Their role in the immune response is poorly understood.

A family of transcription factors that control EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT within a variety of cell lineages. They are characterized by a highly conserved paired DNA-binding domain that was first identified in DROSOPHILA segmentation genes.

Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized CONNECTIVE TISSUE located outside the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Paired, segmented masses of MESENCHYME located on either side of the developing spinal cord (neural tube). Somites derive from PARAXIAL MESODERM and continue to increase in number during ORGANOGENESIS. Somites give rise to SKELETON (sclerotome); MUSCLES (myotome); and DERMIS (dermatome).

The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors.

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

Proteins obtained from species of BIRDS.

Congenital MEGACOLON resulting from the absence of ganglion cells (aganglionosis) in a distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE. The aganglionic segment is permanently contracted thus causing dilatation proximal to it. In most cases, the aganglionic segment is within the RECTUM and SIGMOID COLON.

Transference of tissue within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

A family of low-molecular weight, non-histone proteins found in chromatin.

An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.

Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT, and tissue maintenance. They bind to FRIZZLED RECEPTORS and act as PARACRINE PROTEIN FACTORS to initiate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway stabilizes the transcriptional coactivator BETA CATENIN.

The region in the dorsal ECTODERM of a chordate embryo that gives rise to the future CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Tissue in the neural plate is called the neuroectoderm, often used as a synonym of neural plate.

The largest of three bones that make up each half of the pelvic girdle.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

A proto-oncogene protein and member of the Wnt family of proteins. It is expressed in the caudal MIDBRAIN and is essential for proper development of the entire mid-/hindbrain region.

The middle of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain. Without further subdivision, midbrain develops into a short, constricted portion connecting the PONS and the DIENCEPHALON. Midbrain contains two major parts, the dorsal TECTUM MESENCEPHALI and the ventral TEGMENTUM MESENCEPHALI, housing components of auditory, visual, and other sensorimoter systems.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A family of DNA binding proteins that regulate expression of a variety of GENES during CELL DIFFERENTIATION and APOPTOSIS. Family members contain a highly conserved carboxy-terminal basic HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF involved in dimerization and sequence-specific DNA binding.

Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS.

An individual that contains cell populations derived from different zygotes.

Twelve pairs of nerves that carry general afferent, visceral afferent, special afferent, somatic efferent, and autonomic efferent fibers.

Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of bone formation. It also functions as a regulator of MESODERM formation during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

A homeodomain protein that interacts with TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN. It represses GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target GENES and plays a critical role in ODONTOGENESIS.

An early growth response transcription factor that controls the formation of the MYELIN SHEATH around peripheral AXONS by SCHWANN CELLS. Mutations in EGR2 transcription factor have been associated with HEREDITARY MOTOR AND SENSORY NEUROPATHIES such as CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE.

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

A SOXE transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating CHONDROGENESIS; OSTEOGENESIS; and male sex determination. Loss of function of the SOX9 transcription factor due to genetic mutations is a cause of CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA.

Animals having a vertebral column, members of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Craniata comprising mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

Chromatophores (large pigment cells of fish, amphibia, reptiles and many invertebrates) which contain melanin. Short term color changes are brought about by an active redistribution of the melanophores pigment containing organelles (MELANOSOMES). Mammals do not have melanophores; however they have retained smaller pigment cells known as MELANOCYTES.

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.

An early embryonic developmental process of CHORDATES that is characterized by morphogenic movements of ECTODERM resulting in the formation of the NEURAL PLATE; the NEURAL CREST; and the NEURAL TUBE. Improper closure of the NEURAL GROOVE results in congenital NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS.

A fibroblast growth factor that preferentially activates FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 4. It was initially identified as an androgen-induced growth factor and plays a role in regulating growth of human BREAST NEOPLASMS and PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain.

The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.

The facial skeleton, consisting of bones situated between the cranial base and the mandibular region. While some consider the facial bones to comprise the hyoid (HYOID BONE), palatine (HARD PALATE), and zygomatic (ZYGOMA) bones, MANDIBLE, and MAXILLA, others include also the lacrimal and nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer but exclude the hyoid bone. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p113)

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

Common name for the only family (Petromyzontidae) of eellike fish in the order Petromyzontiformes. They are jawless but have a sucking mouth with horny teeth.

Synthetic analogs of NUCLEIC ACIDS composed of morpholine ring derivatives (MORPHOLINES) linked by phosphorodimidates. One standard DNA nucleic acid base (ADENINE; GUANINE; CYTOSINE; OR THYMINE) is bound to each morpholine ring.

A GTP-BINDING PROTEIN involved in regulating a signal transduction pathway that controls assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system including the paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia. Among these are the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia.

A mobile U-shaped bone that lies in the anterior part of the neck at the level of the third CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. The hyoid bone is suspended from the processes of the TEMPORAL BONES by ligaments, and is firmly bound to the THYROID CARTILAGE by muscles.

A salamander found in Mexican mountain lakes and accounting for about 30 percent of the urodeles used in research. The axolotl remains in larval form throughout its life, a phenomenon known as neoteny.

Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.

The large pigment cells of fish, amphibia, reptiles and many invertebrates which actively disperse and aggregate their pigment granules. These cells include MELANOPHORES, erythrophores, xanthophores, leucophores and iridiophores. (In algae, chromatophores refer to CHLOROPLASTS. In phototrophic bacteria chromatophores refer to membranous organelles (BACTERIAL CHROMATOPHORES).)

Clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons. Sensory ganglia may also have intrinsic interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.

A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.

A process of complicated morphogenetic cell movements that reorganizes a bilayer embryo into one with three GERM LAYERS and specific orientation (dorsal/ventral; anterior/posterior). Gastrulation describes the germ layer development of a non-mammalian BLASTULA or that of a mammalian BLASTOCYST.

Genes that encode highly conserved TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that control positional identity of cells (BODY PATTERNING) and MORPHOGENESIS throughout development. Their sequences contain a 180 nucleotide sequence designated the homeobox, so called because mutations of these genes often results in homeotic transformations, in which one body structure replaces another. The proteins encoded by homeobox genes are called HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS.

The anterior portion of the head that includes the skin, muscles, and structures of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and jaw.

Specialized stem cells that are committed to give rise to cells that have a particular function; examples are MYOBLASTS; MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS; and skin stem cells. (Stem Cells: A Primer [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); 2000 May [cited 2002 Apr 5]. Available from: http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm)

Neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that was originally identified in DROSOPHILA as essential for proper gastrulation and MESODERM formation. It plays an important role in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT and CELL DIFFERENTIATION of MUSCLE CELLS, and is found in a wide variety of organisms.

A portion of the animal phylum Chordata comprised of the subphyla CEPHALOCHORDATA; UROCHORDATA, and HYPEROTRETI, but not including the Vertebrata (VERTEBRATES). It includes nonvertebrate animals having a NOTOCHORD during some developmental stage.

The developmental stage that follows BLASTULA or BLASTOCYST. It is characterized by the morphogenetic cell movements including invagination, ingression, and involution. Gastrulation begins with the formation of the PRIMITIVE STREAK, and ends with the formation of three GERM LAYERS, the body plan of the mature organism.

Recombinases that insert exogenous DNA into the host genome. Examples include proteins encoded by the POL GENE of RETROVIRIDAE and also by temperate BACTERIOPHAGES, the best known being BACTERIOPHAGE LAMBDA.

Mice bearing mutant genes which are phenotypically expressed in the animals.

Neuropilins are 140-kDa vertebrate cell surface receptors that bind neuronal guidance molecules during neural development and axonal outgrowth, and modulate VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. NEUROPILIN-1 and NEUROPILIN-2 differ in their binding specificities, and are distributed complementarily in regions of the developing nervous system. Neuropilins are receptors for secreted CLASS 3 SEMAPHORINS as well as for vascular endothelial growth factors, and may form hetero- or homodimers. They may also interact synergistically with plexins and with VEGF RECEPTORS to form receptor complexes with distinct affinities and specificities. Neuropilin binding specificity is determined by CUB and coagulation-factor-like domains in the extracellular portion of the molecule, while a MAM domain is essential for SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.

A paired box transcription factor that is involved in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and SKELETAL MUSCLE.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx).

A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).

Congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including the absence of the THYMUS and PARATHYROID GLANDS resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, HYPOCALCEMIA, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies.

The rigid framework of connected bones that gives form to the body, protects and supports its soft organs and tissues, and provides attachments for MUSCLES.

The bone that forms the frontal aspect of the skull. Its flat part forms the forehead, articulating inferiorly with the NASAL BONE and the CHEEK BONE on each side of the face.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A 21-amino acid peptide that circulates in the plasma, but its source is not known. Endothelin-3 has been found in high concentrations in the brain and may regulate important functions in neurons and astrocytes, such as proliferation and development. It also is found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the lung and kidney. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate (PALATE, HARD) and the posterior soft palate (PALATE, SOFT).

A basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates the CELL DIFFERENTIATION and development of a variety of cell types including MELANOCYTES; OSTEOCLASTS; and RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Mutations in MITF protein have been associated with OSTEOPETROSIS and WAARDENBURG SYNDROME.

Coloration or discoloration of a part by a pigment.

A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF.

The HEART and the BLOOD VESSELS by which BLOOD is pumped and circulated through the body.

A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong affinity for HEPARIN, and a central barrel-shaped core region of 140 amino acids that is highly homologous between family members. Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family.

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

A genus of the Ambystomatidae family. The best known species are the axolotl AMBYSTOMA MEXICANUM and the closely related tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. They may retain gills and remain aquatic without developing all of the adult characteristics. However, under proper changes in the environment they metamorphose.

One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.

The anatomical parts that make up an organism in the early stages of development.

Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They are important in the formation of ADHERENS JUNCTIONS between cells. Cadherins are classified by their distinct immunological and tissue specificities, either by letters (E- for epithelial, N- for neural, and P- for placental cadherins) or by numbers (cadherin-12 or N-cadherin 2 for brain-cadherin). Cadherins promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism as in the construction of tissues and of the whole animal body.

The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.

A cartilaginous rod of mesodermal cells at the dorsal midline of all CHORDATE embryos. In lower vertebrates, notochord is the backbone of support. In the higher vertebrates, notochord is a transient structure, and segments of the vertebral column will develop around it. Notochord is also a source of midline signals that pattern surrounding tissues including the NEURAL TUBE development.

Short fragments of DNA or RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybridize.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (HEART/embryology) only on the basis of time.

Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.

Glycosides formed by the reaction of the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon atom of galactose with an alcohol to form an acetal. They include both alpha- and beta-galactosides.

The field of biology which deals with the process of the growth and differentiation of an organism.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

A technique in which electric pulses of intensity in kilovolts per centimeter and of microsecond-to-millisecond duration cause a temporary loss of the semipermeability of CELL MEMBRANES, thus leading to ion leakage, escape of metabolites, and increased uptake by cells of drugs, molecular probes, and DNA.

Dimeric cell surface receptor involved in angiogenesis (NEOVASCULARIZATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL) and axonal guidance. Neuropilin-1 is a 140-kDa transmembrane protein that binds CLASS 3 SEMAPHORINS, and several other growth factors. Neuropilin-1 forms complexes with plexins or VEGF RECEPTORS, and binding affinity and specificity are determined by the composition of the neuropilin dimer and the identity of other receptors complexed with it. Neuropilin-1 is expressed in distinct patterns during neural development, complementary to those described for NEUROPILIN-2.

A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS.

A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)

A transmembrane domain containing ephrin that is specific for EPHB1 RECEPTOR; EPHB2 RECEPTOR and EPHB3 RECEPTOR. It is widely expressed in a variety of developing and adult tissues.

The inner of the three germ layers of an embryo.

Phenotypic changes of EPITHELIAL CELLS to MESENCHYME type, which increase cell mobility critical in many developmental processes such as NEURAL TUBE development. NEOPLASM METASTASIS and DISEASE PROGRESSION may also induce this transition.

The prototypical and most well-studied member of the semaphorin family. Semaphorin-3A is an axon-repulsive guidance cue for migrating neurons in the developing nervous system. It has so far been found only in vertebrates, and binds to NEUROPILIN-1/plexin complex receptors on growth cones. Like other class 3 semaphorins, it is a secreted protein.

A subclass of winged helix DNA-binding proteins that share homology with their founding member fork head protein, Drosophila.

Receptor protein-tyrosine kinases involved in the signaling of GLIAL CELL-LINE DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR ligands. They contain an extracellular cadherin domain and form a receptor complexes with GDNF RECEPTORS. Mutations in ret protein are responsible for HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE and MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2.

Transplantation of tissue typical of one area to a different recipient site. The tissue may be autologous, heterologous, or homologous.

The lumbar and sacral plexuses taken together. The fibers of the lumbosacral plexus originate in the lumbar and upper sacral spinal cord (L1 to S3) and innervate the lower extremities.

Formation of NEURONS which involves the differentiation and division of STEM CELLS in which one or both of the daughter cells become neurons.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)

A congenital anomaly caused by the failed development of TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS into separate AORTA and PULMONARY ARTERY. It is characterized by a single arterial trunk that forms the outlet for both HEART VENTRICLES and gives rise to the systemic, pulmonary, and coronary arteries. It is always accompanied by a ventricular septal defect.

Lectin purified from peanuts (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA). It binds to poorly differentiated cells and terminally differentiated cells and is used in cell separation techniques.

A family of sequence-related proteins similar to HMGB1 PROTEIN that contains specific HMG-BOX DOMAINS.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein transiently expressed in many developing organs and often re-expressed in tumors. It is present in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as in smooth muscle and tendons. (From Kreis & Vale, Guidebook to the Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Proteins, 1993, p93)

Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.

One of a pair of irregularly shaped quadrilateral bones situated between the FRONTAL BONE and OCCIPITAL BONE, which together form the sides of the CRANIUM.

An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).

A genus of primitive fish in the family Petromyzontidae. The sole species is Petromyzon marinus, known as the sea lamprey. The adult form feeds parasitically on other fish species.

A technique for maintenance or growth of animal organs in vitro. It refers to three-dimensional cultures of undisaggregated tissue retaining some or all of the histological features of the tissue in vivo. (Freshney, Culture of Animal Cells, 3d ed, p1)

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

A family of intercellular signaling proteins that play and important role in regulating the development of many TISSUES and organs. Their name derives from the observation of a hedgehog-like appearance in DROSOPHILA embryos with genetic mutations that block their action.

A spectrum of septal defects involving the ATRIAL SEPTUM; VENTRICULAR SEPTUM; and the atrioventricular valves (TRICUSPID VALVE; BICUSPID VALVE). These defects are due to incomplete growth and fusion of the ENDOCARDIAL CUSHIONS which are important in the formation of two atrioventricular canals, site of future atrioventricular valves.

A class of cellular receptors that have an intrinsic PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE activity.

The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Recording serial images of a process at regular intervals spaced out over a longer period of time than the time in which the recordings will be played back.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

Cells derived from the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. They retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

A transmembrane domain containing ephrin that binds with high affinity to EPHB1 RECEPTOR; EPHB3 RECEPTOR; and EPHB4 RECEPTOR. Expression of ephrin-B2 occurs in a variety of adult tissues. During embryogenesis, high levels of ephrin-B2 is seen in the PROSENCEPHALON; RHOMBENCEPHALON; developing SOMITES; LIMB BUD; and bronchial arches.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

Inhibition of in vitro enteric neuronal development by endothelin-3: mediation by endothelin B receptors. (1/2353)

The terminal colon is aganglionic in mice lacking endothelin-3 or its receptor, endothelin B. To analyze the effects of endothelin-3/endothelin B on the differentiation of enteric neurons, E11-13 mouse gut was dissociated, and positive and negative immunoselection with antibodies to p75(NTR )were used to isolate neural crest- and non-crest-derived cells. mRNA encoding endothelin B was present in both the crest-and non-crest-derived cells, but that encoding preproendothelin-3 was detected only in the non-crest-derived population. The crest- and non-crest-derived cells were exposed in vitro to endothelin-3, IRL 1620 (an endothelin B agonist), and/or BQ 788 (an endothelin B antagonist). Neurons and glia developed only in cultures of crest-derived cells, and did so even when endothelin-3 was absent and BQ 788 was present. Endothelin-3 inhibited neuronal development, an effect that was mimicked by IRL 1620 and blocked by BQ 788. Endothelin-3 failed to stimulate the incorporation of [3H]thymidine or bromodeoxyuridine. Smooth muscle development in non-crest-derived cell cultures was promoted by endothelin-3 and inhibited by BQ 788. In contrast, transcription of laminin alpha1, a smooth muscle-derived promoter of neuronal development, was inhibited by endothelin-3, but promoted by BQ 788. Neurons did not develop in explants of the terminal bowel of E12 ls/ls (endothelin-3-deficient) mice, but could be induced to do so by endothelin-3 if a source of neural precursors was present. We suggest that endothelin-3/endothelin B normally prevents the premature differentiation of crest-derived precursors migrating to and within the fetal bowel, enabling the precursor population to persist long enough to finish colonizing the bowel. (+info)

A molecular pathway revealing a genetic basis for human cardiac and craniofacial defects. (2/2353)

Microdeletions of chromosome 22q11 are the most common genetic defects associated with cardiac and craniofacial anomalies in humans. A screen for mouse genes dependent on dHAND, a transcription factor implicated in neural crest development, identified Ufd1, which maps to human 22q11 and encodes a protein involved in degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Mouse Ufd1 was specifically expressed in most tissues affected in patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome. The human UFD1L gene was deleted in all 182 patients studied with 22q11 deletion, and a smaller deletion of approximately 20 kilobases that removed exons 1 to 3 of UFD1L was found in one individual with features typical of 22q11 deletion syndrome. These data suggest that UFD1L haploinsufficiency contributes to the congenital heart and craniofacial defects seen in 22q11 deletion. (+info)

A subpopulation of apoptosis-prone cardiac neural crest cells targets to the venous pole: multiple functions in heart development? (3/2353)

A well-described population of cardiac neural crest (NC) cells migrates toward the arterial pole of the embryonic heart and differentiates into various cell types, including smooth muscle cells of the pharyngeal arch arteries (but not the coronary arteries), cardiac ganglionic cells, and mesenchymal cells of the aortopulmonary septum. Using a replication-incompetent retrovirus containing the reporter gene LacZ, administered to the migratory neural crest of chicken embryos, we demonstrated another population of cardiac neural crest cells that employs the venous pole as entrance to the heart. On the basis of our present data we cannot exclude the possibility that precursors of these cells might not only originate from the dorsal part of the posterior rhombencephalon, but also from the ventral part. These NC cells migrate to locations surrounding the prospective conduction system as well as to the atrioventricular (AV) cushions. Concerning the prospective conduction system, the tagged neural crest cells can be found in regions where the atrioventricular node area, the retroaortic root bundle, the bundle of His, the left and right bundle branches, and the right atrioventricular ring bundle are positioned. The last area connects the posteriorly located AV node area with the retroaortic root bundle, which receives its neural crest cells through the arterial pole in concert with the cells giving rise to the aortopulmonary septum. The NC cells most probably do not form the conduction system proper, as they enter an apoptotic pathway as determined by concomitant TUNEL detection. It is possible that the NC cells in the heart become anoikic and, as a consequence, fail to differentiate further and merely die. However, because of the perfect timing of the arrival of crest cells, their apoptosis, and a change in electrophysiological behavior of the heart, we postulate that neural crest cells play a role in the last phase of differentiation of the cardiac conduction system. Alternatively, the separation of the central conduction system from the surrounding working myocardium is mediated by apoptotic neural crest cells. As for the presence of NC cells in both the outflow tract and the AV cushions, followed by apoptosis, a function is assigned in the muscularization of both areas, resulting in proper septation of the outflow tract and of the AV region. Failure of normal neural crest development may not only play a role in cardiac outflow tract anomalies but also in inflow tract abnormalities, such as atrioventricular septal defects. (+info)

Development of cephalic neural crest cells in embryos of Lampetra japonica, with special reference to the evolution of the jaw. (4/2353)

Neural crest cells contribute extensively to vertebrate head morphogenesis and their origin is an important question to address in understanding the evolution of the craniate head. The distribution pattern of cephalic crest cells was examined in embryos of one of the living agnathan vertebrates, Lampetra japonica. The initial appearance of putative crest cells was observed on the dorsal aspect of the neural rod at stage 20.5 and ventral expansion of these cells was first seen at the level of rostral somites. As in gnathostomes, cephalic crest cells migrate beneath the surface ectoderm and form three major cell populations, each being separated at the levels of rhombomeres (r) 3 and r5. The neural crest seems initially to be produced at all neuraxial levels except for the rostral-most area, and cephalic crest cells are secondarily excluded from levels r3 and r5. Such a pattern of crest cell distribution prefigures the morphology of the cranial nerve anlage. The second or middle crest cell population passes medial to the otocyst, implying that the otocyst does not serve as a barrier to separate the crest cell populations. The three cephalic crest cell populations fill the pharyngeal arch ventrally, covering the pharyngeal mesoderm laterally with the rostral-most population covering the premandibular region and mandibular arch. The third cell population is equivalent to the circumpharyngeal crest cells in the chick, and its influx into the pharyngeal region precedes the formation of postotic pharyngeal arches. Focal injection of DiI revealed the existence of an anteroposterior organization in the neural crest at the neurular stage, destined for each pharyngeal region. The crest cells derived from the posterior midbrain that express the LjOtxA gene, the Otx2 cognate, were shown to migrate into the mandibular arch, a pattern which is identical to gnathostome embryos. It was concluded that the head region of the lamprey embryo shares a common set of morphological characters with gnathostome embryos and that the morphological deviation of the mandibular arch between the gnathostomes and the lamprey is not based on the early embryonic patterning. (+info)

Regulation of Hoxa2 in cranial neural crest cells involves members of the AP-2 family. (5/2353)

Hoxa2 is expressed in cranial neural crest cells that migrate into the second branchial arch and is essential for proper patterning of neural-crest-derived structures in this region. We have used transgenic analysis to begin to address the regulatory mechanisms which underlie neural-crest-specific expression of Hoxa2. By performing a deletion analysis on an enhancer from the Hoxa2 gene that is capable of mediating expression in neural crest cells in a manner similar to the endogenous gene, we demonstrated that multiple cis-acting elements are required for neural-crest-specific activity. One of these elements consists of a sequence that binds to the three transcription factor AP-2 family members. Mutation or deletion of this site in the Hoxa2 enhancer abrogates reporter expression in cranial neural crest cells but not in the hindbrain. In both cell culture co-transfection assays and transgenic embryos AP-2 family members are able to trans-activate reporter expression, showing that this enhancer functions as an AP-2-responsive element in vivo. Reporter expression is not abolished in an AP-2(alpha) null mutant embryos, suggesting redundancy with other AP-2 family members for activation of the Hoxa2 enhancer. Other cis-elements identified in this study critical for neural-crest-specific expression include an element that influences levels of expression and a conserved sequence, which when multimerized directs expression in a broad subset of neural crest cells. These elements work together to co-ordinate and restrict neural crest expression to the second branchial arch and more posterior regions. Our findings have identified the cis-components that allow Hoxa2 to be regulated independently in rhombomeres and cranial neural crest cells. (+info)

Early specification of sensory neuron fate revealed by expression and function of neurogenins in the chick embryo. (6/2353)

The generation of sensory and autonomic neurons from the neural crest requires the functions of two classes of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, the Neurogenins (NGNs) and MASH-1, respectively (Fode, C., Gradwohl, G., Morin, X., Dierich, A., LeMeur, M., Goridis, C. and Guillemot, F. (1998) Neuron 20, 483-494; Guillemot, F., Lo, L.-C., Johnson, J. E., Auerbach, A., Anderson, D. J. and Joyner, A. L. (1993) Cell 75, 463-476; Ma, Q., Chen, Z. F., Barrantes, I. B., de la Pompa, J. L. and Anderson, D. J. (1998 Neuron 20, 469-482). We have cloned two chick NGNs and found that they are expressed in a subset of neural crest cells early in their migration. Ectopic expression of the NGNs in vivo biases migrating neural crest cells to localize in the sensory ganglia, and induces the expression of sensory neuron-appropriate markers in non-sensory crest derivatives. Surprisingly, the NGNs can also induce the expression of multiple pan-neuronal and sensory-specific markers in the dermomyotome, a mesodermal derivative. Taken together, these data suggest that a subset of neural crest cells may already be specified for a sensory neuron fate early in migration, as a consequence of NGN expression. (+info)

Early embryonic lethality in Bmp5;Bmp7 double mutant mice suggests functional redundancy within the 60A subgroup. (7/2353)

Members of the BMP family of signaling molecules display a high conservation of structure and function, and multiple BMPs are often coexpressed in a variety of tissues during development. Moreover, distinct BMP ligands are capable of activating common pathways. Here we describe the coexpression of two members of the 60A subfamily of BMPs, Bmp5 and Bmp7, at a number of different sites in the embryo from gastrulation onwards. Previous studies demonstrate that loss of either Bmp5 or Bmp7 has negligible effects on development, suggesting these molecules functionally compensate for each other at early stages of embryonic development. Here we show this is indeed the case. Thus we find that Bmp5;Bmp7 double mutants die at 10.5 dpc and display striking defects primarily affecting the tissues where these factors are coexpressed. The present analysis also uncovers novel roles for BMP signaling during the development of the allantois, heart, branchial arches, somites and forebrain. Bmp5 and Bmp7 do not appear to be involved in establishing pattern in these tissues, but are instead necessary for the proliferation and maintenance of specific cell populations. These findings are discussed with respect to potential mechanisms underlying cooperative signaling by multiple members of the TGF-beta superfamily. (+info)

Prospective identification, isolation by flow cytometry, and in vivo self-renewal of multipotent mammalian neural crest stem cells. (8/2353)

Multipotent and self-renewing neural stem cells have been isolated in culture, but equivalent cells have not yet been prospectively identified in neural tissue. Using cell surface markers and flow cytometry, we have isolated neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) from mammalian fetal peripheral nerve. These cells are phenotypically and functionally indistinguishable from NCSCs previously isolated by culturing embryonic neural tube explants. Moreover, in vivo BrdU labeling indicates that these stem cells self-renew in vivo. NCSCs freshly isolated from nerve tissue can be directly transplanted in vivo, where they generate both neurons and glia. These data indicate that neural stem cells persist in peripheral nerve into late gestation by undergoing self-renewal. Such persistence may explain the origins of some PNS tumors in humans. (+info)

... trunk neural crest, vagal and sacral neural crest, and cardiac neural crest. Cranial neural crest migrates dorsolaterally to ... cells originally located in the neural plate border become neural crest cells. For migration to begin, neural crest cells must ... that degrade the overlying basal lamina of the neural tube to allow neural crest cells to escape. Additionally, neural crest ... designated here as neural crest specifiers, are activated in emergent neural crest cells. At least in Xenopus, every neural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_crest

The cranial neural crest is one of the four regions of the neural crest. The cranial neural crest arises in the anterior and ... Schwann cells "The Neural Crest". Retrieved 2009-05-31. Grenier J, Teillet MA, Grifone R, Kelly RG, Duprez D (2009). Callaerts ... Jiang HB, Tian WD, Liu LK, Xu Y (June 2008). "In vitro odontoblast-like cell differentiation of cranial neural crest cells ... "Relationship between Neural Crest Cells and Cranial Mesoderm during Head Muscle Development". PLOS ONE. 4 (2): e4381. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_neural_crest

A subpopulation of neural crest cells are the cardiac neural crest complex. This complex refers to the cells found amongst the ... Cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) are a type of neural crest cells that migrate to the circumpharyngeal ridge (an arc-shape ... In 2005, Tomita transplanted neural crest stem cells from mammal hearts to the neural crest of chick embryos. These CNCCs were ... and for differentiation of neural crest cells to smooth muscle cells of the aortic arch arteries. In neural crest-specific Alk2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_neural_crest

The trunk neural crest or truncal neural crest is one of the regions of neural crest in the embryo. The trunk neural crest lies ... "The Neural Crest". Retrieved 2009-05-31. Lacosta AM; Muniesa P; Ruberte J; Sarasa M; Domínguez L (August 2005). "Novel ... Lallier TE (1991). "Cell lineage and cell migration in the neural crest". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 615: 158-71. doi:10.1111/j.1749 ... "Canonical Wnt activity regulates trunk neural crest delamination linking BMP/noggin signaling with G1/S transition". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trunk_neural_crest

Thorogood, P. (1989). "The Neural Crest. Including a Facsimile Reprint of the Neural Crest by Sven Horstadius. Brian K. Hall. ... He was responsible for an increased understanding of the neural crest. Hörstadius studied under John Runnström at Stockholm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sven_Hörstadius

The components of the sensory nervous system of the head are derived from the neural crest and from an embryonic cell ... The cranial nerves are formed from the contribution of two specialized embryonic cell populations, cranial neural crest and ... neural crest; PA, pharyngeal (branchial) arch; r, rhombomere; s, purely sensory nerve. * There is no known ganglion of the ... Contributions of neural crest cells and placodes to ganglia and cranial nerves Abbreviations: CN, cranial nerve; m, purely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves

Neural crest Shimada, N.; Sokunbi, G.; Moorman, SJ. (2005). "Changes in gravitational force affect gene expression in ... Apr 2009). "Transcriptional control of Rohon-Beard sensory neuron development at the neural plate border". Dev Dyn. 238 (4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohon–Beard_cell

The neural tube and neural crest are derived from the ectoderm; the neural tube goes on to form the brain and spinal cord, ... has a more specialised role in the neural crest and is more strictly involved after the neural crest forms (PAX3 and SOX10 have ... Some evidence shows that PAX3 also regulates cells from before the neural crest forms, i.e. the neural tube, since mice with ... Neural crest cells are stem cells left over after the closing of the neural tube that go on to form diverse non-CNS cells in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waardenburg_syndrome

Shellard A, Mayor R (July 2016). "Chemotaxis during neural crest migration". Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 55: 111- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotaxis

The truncus arteriosus and the adjacent bulbus cordis partition by means of cells from the neural crest. Once the cells from ... Jiang X, Rowitch DH, Soriano P, McMahon AP, Sucov HM (2000). "Fate of the mammalian cardiac neural crest...". Development. ... Maschhoff KL, Baldwin HS (2000). "Molecular determinants of neural crest migration". Am. J. Med. Genet. 97 (4): 280-8. doi: ... Kirby ML, Gale TF, Stewart DE (1983). "Neural crest cells contribute to normal aorticopulmonary septation". Science. 220 (4061 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_signalling_in_heart_development

This will be manifested most strongly in those cells which require most organisation; that is, the neural crest cells. One is ... share the embryological origin of neural crest cells. These cells undergo immense and challenging cellular migrations requiring ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jing_(Chinese_medicine)

"Molecular determinants of neural crest migration". Am. J. Med. Genet. 97 (4): 280-8. doi:10.1002/1096-8628(200024)97:4. 3.0.CO; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocardial_cushions

In neural crest cells, the neurogenin family is essential for neurogenesis in the developing dorsal root ganglia and ... Gammill LS, Bronner-Fraser M (Oct 2003). "Neural crest specification: migrating into genomics". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 4 ... promotes glial lineage in neural crest and central nervous system formation through the inhibition of neuronal differentiation ... Ngn1 is a proneural gene because its expression is seen prior to neural lineage determination, indicating it plays a role in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenins

Development begins with neural crest cells. Frontonasal processes fold, forming nasal placodes (nasal pits). The nasobuccal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanal_atresia

It regulates differentiation and migration of neural crest cells along with other genes (e.g. FOXD3, SOX9 and SOX10, BMPs) in ... Rhim H, Savagner P, Thibaudeau G, Thiery JP, Pavan WJ (Jan 1998). "Localization of a neural crest transcription factor, Slug, ... A knockout model using chick embryos has also showed inhibition of mesodermal and neural crest delamination; chick embryo Slug ... SNAI2 downregulates expression of E-cadherin in premigratory neural crest cells; thus, SNAI2 induces tightly bound epithelial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAI2

Later forming the epidermis and neural crest. In tunicates, invagination is the first mechanism that takes place during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invagination

Keith Hall, Brian (1999). The Neural Crest in Development and Evolution. Springer. pp. 154. ISBN 0-387-98702-9. Williamson, K F ... minor defects in structures arising from the neural crest, and pigmentation anomalies. In 1913, Jan van der Hoeve observed and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Johannes_Waardenburg

... s develop from neural-crest stem cells. The neural crest is responsible for a large part of early development in ... The neural-crest stem cells split from the neural tube as it closes, and nociceptors grow from the dorsal part of this neural- ... All neurons derived from the neural crest, including embryonic nociceptors, express the TrkA, which is a receptor to nerve ... Jessell, Thomas M.; Kandel, Eric R.; Schwartz, James H. (1991). Principles of neural science. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange. pp ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nociceptor

The aorticopulmonary septum is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively ... Jiang X, Rowitch DH, Soriano P, McMahon AP, Sucov HM (2000). "Fate of the mammalian cardiac neural crest...". Development. 127 ... "Neural crest cells contribute to normal aorticopulmonary septation". Science. 220 (4061): 1059-61. doi:10.1126/science.6844926 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aorticopulmonary_septum

Lumsden A, Sprawson N, Graham A (December 1991). "Segmental origin and migration of neural crest cells in the hindbrain region ... Lumsden A (March 1989). "Multipotent cells in the avian neural crest". Trends Neurosci. 12 (3): 81-3. doi:10.1016/0166-2236(89) ... Andrew Lumsden talking about Neural Development journal on YouTube "Development - The Company of Biologists". "Neural ... and how the cranial neural crest contributes to their patterning. Studies on the development of the trigeminal nerve and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Lumsden_(scientist)

"Critical numbers of neural crest cells are required in the pathways from the neural tube to the foregut to ensure complete ... The ENS is nicknamed the "second brain". It is derived from neural crest cells. The enteric nervous system is capable of ... Remodeling of vagus and enteric neural circuitry after vagal injury". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system

The neural crest, specifically a population known as the cardiac neural crest, directly contributes to the aorticopulmonary ... Jiang X, Rowitch DH, Soriano P, McMahon AP, Sucov HM (April 2000). "Fate of the mammalian cardiac neural crest". Development. ... Microablation of the cardiac neural crest in developing chick embryos and genetic anomalies affecting this population of cells ... Kirby ML, Gale TF, Stewart DE (June 1983). "Neural crest cells contribute to normal aorticopulmonary septation". Science. 220 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_truncus_arteriosus

Le Douarin, Nicole Marthe; Dupin, Elisabeth (23 November 2013). Paul Trainor (ed.). Neural Crest Cells: Evolution, development ... All of these organs and structures are located in the neural tube, with the frontal eye at the front, followed by the lamellar ... The peak sensitivity of both cells is ~470 nm (blue). Both the Joseph cells and Hesse organs are in the neural tube, the Joseph ... 2017). "Molecular regionalization of the developing amphioxus neural tube challenges major partitions of the vertebrate brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancelet

After the induction of the neural crest, the newly formed neural crest cells (NCC) delaminate from their tissue of origin and ... doi:10.1016/S0046-8177(74)80021-3. Watt, Kristin E. Noack; Trainor, Paul A. (2014), "Neurocristopathies", Neural Crest Cells, ... Bolande, Robert P. (1974). "The neurocristopathies: A unifying concept of disease arising in neural crest maldevelopment". ... Etchevers, Heather C.; Amiel, Jeanne; Lyonnet, Stanislas (2006). "Molecular Bases of Human Neurocristopathies". Neural Crest ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurocristopathy

Neural crest cells in mice, Leghorn chicks, amphibians (Xenopus laevis), and fish (zebrafish): collective migration of neural ... C: The cephalic neural crest of the clawed frog Xenopus migrating in well-defined streams from dorsal to ventral and anterior ... The neural crest. No. 36. Cambridge University Press, 1999. Thiery, JP; Acloque, H; Huang, RY; Nieto, MA (25 November 2009). " ... Johnston, MC (October 1966). "A radioautographic study of the migration and fate of cranial neural crest cells in the chick ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_cell_migration

... cell mass cells/embryonic stem cells and neural crest cells led LaBonne's group to proposed a new model in which neural crest ... are required for both establishing the neural crest stem cell state and for the migratory and invasive behavior of neural crest ... "Carole LaBonne: Neural Crest Cells and the Rise of the Vertebrates , Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General ... "2015 Neural Crest and Cranial Placodes Conference GRC". www.grc.org. Retrieved 2019-01-02. "Past Teaching Award Recipients: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole_LaBonne

All three ossicles develop from the neural crest. Eventually cells from the tissue surrounding the ossicles will experience ... although many of these conditions may also be affected by damage to the brain or neural pathways leading from the ear. The ear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear

... apoptosis of neural crest cells, interference with neural crest cell migration, as well as the disruption of sonic hedgehog ( ... Yu, Shi (September 16, 2014). "5-mehtyltetrahydrofolate rescues alcohol-induced neural crest cell migration abnormalities". ... such as the neural crest, which can lead to the development of neurocristopathies. Genetically modified mice are commonly used ... "The role of teratogens in neural crest development". Birth Defects Research. 112 (8): 584-632. doi:10.1002/bdr2.1644. ISSN 2472 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratology

In neural crest cells, which are transient cells that arise in the developing organism during gastrulation and function in the ... Taneyhill LA, Schiffmacher AT (June 2017). "Should I stay or should I go? Cadherin function and regulation in the neural crest ... For example, during neurulation, when a neural plate forms in an embryo, the tissues residing near the cranial neural folds ... CDH2 - N-cadherin (neural): N-cadherins are found in neurons CDH12 - cadherin 12, type 2 (N-cadherin 2) CDH3 - P-cadherin ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadherin

These are not derived from the neural crest. Instead, an outpouching of the neural tube generates the optic cup, which, in turn ... Leaving the neural crest in waves, chromatophores take either a dorsolateral route through the dermis, entering the ectoderm ... During vertebrate embryonic development, chromatophores are one of a number of cell types generated in the neural crest, a ... as the name for pigment-bearing cells derived from the neural crest of cold-blooded vertebrates and cephalopods. The word ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatophore

The neural spines of the sacral vertebrae are fused into a continuous elongated plate. Both the lower and upper end of the ... The parietals do not share a midline crest. The front branch of the squamosal bone is straight and elongated. On the upper rear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changmiania

Liu JP, Jessell TM (December 1998). "A role for rhoB in the delamination of neural crest cells from the dorsal neural tube". ... neural crest GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000143878 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000054364 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RHOB

Dorsal root ganglion neurons differentiate from neural crest progenitors. As the dorsal and ventral column cells proliferate, ... There are four stages of the spinal cord that arises from the neural tube: The neural plate, neural fold, neural tube, and the ... Neural differentiation occurs within the spinal cord portion of the tube. As the neural tube begins to develop, the notochord ... It is also the location of groups of spinal interneurons that make up the neural circuits known as central pattern generators. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord

In addition to this, endothelin receptors are also known to play a role in neural crest cell migration, growth, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrisentan

Conditional inactivation of TGF-βr2 of osteochondroprogenitor cells in the cranial neural crest resulted in faster ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteochondroprogenitor_cell

Ikeya M, Lee SM, Johnson JE, McMahon AP, Takada S (October 1997). "Wnt signalling required for expansion of neural crest and ... tract is completely dependent on Wnt3a and Wnt3a selectively causes the growth of colon progenitors Wnt3a expands neural crest ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNT3A

... migration and differentiation of the neural crest. In this context, Gli2 is responding to the Indian Hedgehog signaling pathway ... "Gli2 is required for the induction and migration of Xenopus laevis neural crest". Mechanisms of Development. 154: 219-239. doi: ... maintenance and migration of Xenopus neural crest". Developmental Biology. 364 (2): 99-113. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.01.020. ... Gli2 null mice embryos develop neural tube defects which, can be rescued by overexpression of Gli1 (Jacob and Briscoe, 2003). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLI2

Iridogoniodysgenesis is the result of abnormal migration or terminal induction of neural crest cells. These cells lead to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridogoniodysgenesis,_dominant_type

... eventually landing on the back or neck crest of the animal, and sometimes the ground. They then proceed to search for a ... it remains unclear what the exact neural pathway is for infrared sensing in vampire bats. Thermography, a method which produces ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_sensing_in_vampire_bats

No neural pathway runs between the zooids, but each responds to the light produced by other individuals, and even to light from ... As far as the eye reached, the crest of every wave was bright, and the sky above the horizon, from the reflected glare of these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluminescence

The vertebrae are amphicoelous (concave on both ends), with swollen neural arches and short neural spines. Large zygapophyses ... A crest-like postaxial flange runs down the entire rear edge of the femur, narrowing in the middle and projecting horizontally ... A prominent longitudinal ridge, the cnemial crest, is present on the tibia. As with many pareiasaurs, precise phylogenetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elginia

A crest is also present on the inner edge. The articulation with the ankle is convex and expanded towards the rest of the foot ... Isolated cervical neural spines were similar to those of Batrachotomus, being expanded towards their upper front tips into ... The rib facets were short, positioned high on the vertebrae at the base of the neural arches. Three ridges radiate outwards ... The fibula (outer shin bone) is sigmoidal, with a flattened medial surface, a large crest for the iliofibularis muscle on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nundasuchus

... has been found to affect the activity of 448 other genes and is very important in the development of the neural crest and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAZ1B

It is also possible that the fin spine could be a unique distribution of dermal skeleton and thus derived from neural crest. ... The crest may have played a role in mating rituals, aided in clamping to the belly of larger marine animals, or been used to ... Small spikes (enlarged versions of the dermal denticles commonly covering shark skin) covered this crest, and the ratfish's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stethacanthus

... new insight into cranial neural crest specification". Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DLX_gene_family

He wears a distinctive black helmet with a fin on the crest. He appears to be a swordsman, and has the ability to materialize ... He was previously employed by WISE and he hacked into their Neural Control Programme using his PSI-power - the ability to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psyren

However, other studies have shown overexpression of Numb in the mammalian neural crest MONC-1 stem cell line biases neuronal ... Neural precursors are generated in proliferative zones, before migrating to directed locations where they undergo maturation ... BDNF can function as a chemotactic factor for neural precursors during migration by activating TrkB receptors. Numb binds to ... These embryos display precocious neuron production in the forebrain and defects in neural tube closure, dying around embryonic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUMB_(gene)

When it became apparent that it was a crest, it was also realized that a corresponding crest would have been on the left side, ... The centra and neural spines of the cervical vertebrae were long and low, and the spines were stepped in side view, forming " ... Being a thin plate of bone, one crest was originally thought to be part of the missing left side of the skull, which had been ... Since only a short part of the upper surface of this process is unbroken, the rest of the crest may have risen above the skull ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilophosaurus

"Impaired development of neural-crest cell-derived organs and intellectual disability caused by MED13L haploinsufficiency". Hum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediator_(coactivator)

This neural pathway that enhances aggression is subdued by the presence of serotonin. It is hypothesized[by whom?] that ... raising skin folds and crest, teeth displaying, horn displaying, making sound, etc. Chlamydosaurus kingii, an Australian agamid ... It is understood that vasopressin enhances aggression in agonistic displays due to increased activity in the neural pathways ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agonistic_behaviour

The reduction in neural synchrony has been simulated by jittering the phases of the multiple frequency components in speech, ... or the crest factor. This model accounts for the loss of auditory sensitivity for AM rates higher than about 60-150 Hz for ... The neural representation of temporal fine structure, TFSn, has been studied using stimuli with well-controlled TFSp: pure ... The neural representation of stimulus envelope, ENVn, has typically been studied using well-controlled ENVp modulations, that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_envelope_and_fine_structure

... and is highly expressed in a population of migrating neural crest cells. It is later expressed in the neural crest derived ... conserved and divergent patterns of expression in rhombomeres and neural crest". Mechanisms of Development. 40 (1-2): 73-84. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EGR2

The deltopectoral crest (to where the deltoid muscle attached) on the upper-front part of the humerus was more prominent in ... The neural spines (large upward-projecting processes) were of variable height within each specimen; they were markedly longer ... The neural arches of the vertebrae had narrow pre- and postzygapophyses (articular processes projecting forward and backward ... The top surfaces of the neural spines were often pitted, indicating they had a cartilage covering. The ribs were distinct in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acamptonectes

Chromaffin cells are derived from the embryonic neural crest, and are modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons. They are ... a neuroendocrine tumor of any neural crest tissue of the sympathetic nervous system Ganglioneuroma, a tumor in the nerve cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_medulla

For example, PAX3 is expressed in cancers associated with neural tube-derived lineages, (e.g., glioblastoma), neural crest- ... as this neural groove deepens to form the neural tube, Pax3 is expressed in the dorsal portion of the neural tube. As the ... which is associated with prominent neural tube closure defects and abnormalities of neural crest-derived structures, such as ... Wu M, Li J, Engleka KA, Zhou B, Lu MM, Plotkin JB, Epstein JA (June 2008). "Persistent expression of Pax3 in the neural crest ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX3

KIT plays an important role in the migration of early pigment cells (melanocytes) from the neural crest to their ultimate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabino_horse

... or conversely arising from neural crest cells. The neural crest is a critical group of cells that form in the cranial region ... "Neural crest and the origin of ectomesenchyme: neural fold heterogeneity suggests an alternative hypothesis". Dev. Dyn. 229 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectomesenchyme

Smith, M. M. (1991). Putative skeletal neural crest cells in Early Late Ordovician vertebrates from Colorado. Science, 251, 301 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astraspida

This neural pathway differs from that used by the main olfactory system. All lemuriforms have a VNO, as do tarsiers and some ... Some adapiforms were sexually dimorphic, with males bearing a larger sagittal crest (a ridge of bone on the top of the skull to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strepsirrhini

... s are normally present in cells derived from the neural crest (Schwann cells, and melanocytes), chondrocytes, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100_protein

structure with developmental contribution from neural crest (UBERON:0010314). Annotations: Rat: (0) Mouse: (0) Human: (0) ... structure with developmental contribution from neural crest + An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the ...

https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/ontology/view.html?acc_id=UBERON:0010314

Lang, Michael (2003): Towards Genetic Dissection of Neural Crest Specification and Cartilage Differentiation in Zebrafish ( ... Towards Genetic Dissection of Neural Crest Specification and Cartilage Differentiation in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) ... Towards Genetic Dissection of Neural Crest Specification and Cartilage Differentiation in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) ...

https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5849/

This delay in neural crest specification had dramatic consequences on the development of multiple lineages of the neural crest ... and the medial neural crest (arrowheads). At stage 17 (I,J), Sox8 persists in the neural crest region and is also expressed ... As the neural tube closes (K,L), Sox8 is detected in the migrating neural crest cells in the cranial region (arrows), and the ... Sox8 expression persists in migrating cranial crest cells as they populate the pharyngeal arches and in trunk neural crest ...

https://www.xenbase.org/entry/literature/article.do?method=display&articleId=34474

These technologies allowed the identification of minor neural crest-derived cell populations in tissues of non-neural crest ... These technologies allowed the identification of minor neural crest-derived cell populations in tissues of non-neural crest ... The neural crest is a transient structure in vertebrate embryos that produces migratory cells with an astonishing developmental ... The neural crest is a transient structure in vertebrate embryos that produces migratory cells with an astonishing developmental ...

https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/139010/

... to exit the dorsal neural tube, the initial neural crest cells follow ventral pathways between the neural tube and somite and ... transplanted into the chick embryonic neural crest microenvironment follow stereotypical neural crest cell migratory pathways, ... Signals within the trunk neural crest microenvironment that regulate the migration and differentiation of multipotent neural ... embryonic neural crest microenvironment to reprogram and sustain the transition of human metastatic melanoma to a neural crest ...

https://journals.biologists.com/bio/article/7/1/bio030817/1622/NGF-reprograms-metastatic-melanoma-to-a-bipotent

pharyngeal arch 2 cranial neural crest. Note:. This page represents a term created by the combination ("post-composition") of ... Anteriorly positioned cranial neural crest cells, which align with rhombomeres 4/5, contribute to the hyoid arch structures ...

https://www.zfin.org/action/ontology/post-composed-term-detail?superTermID=ZFA:0001611&subTermID=ZFA:0001194

Evidence for a novel enzymatic mechanism of neural crest cell migration on extracellular glycoconjugate matrices. R B Runyan, R ... alpha-LA inhibited neural crest cell migration on basal lamina-like matrices in a dose-dependent manner, while under identical ... R B Runyan, G D Maxwell, B D Shur; Evidence for a novel enzymatic mechanism of neural crest cell migration on extracellular ... 91:149-162). We tested this hypothesis using migrating neural crest cells as an in vitro model system. Cell surface GalTase ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/102/2/432/20356/Evidence-for-a-novel-enzymatic-mechanism-of-neural

Learn Neural Crest Derivatives - Nervous System Development - Anatomy & Embryology for Medicine faster and easier with ... Neural crest cells originate from the neural plate during early neural development and exist transiently in the embryo before ... During embryological development, the final structures formed from neural crest cells are termed neural crest derivatives. ... Neural crest derivatives can be recalled using the mnemonic CA MOTEL ASS. C is for craniofacial structures of the skull and A ...

https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/medicine/courses/standard/anatomy-embryology-176/nervous-system-development-39256/neural-crest-derivatives_7723

131I-MIBG scintigraphy in neural crest tumours.. Authors: Samuel, A M. Murugesan, S. Kurkure, P A. Advani, S H. Sonawane, G A. ... 131I-MIBG scintigraphy in neural crest tumours. Indian Journal of Cancer. 1994 Jun; 31(2): 103-10. ... developed a procedure for preparation of 131I-MIBG and studied its utility in diagnosis of primary and metastatic neural crest ... 131I-MIBG scintigraphy is a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool to localise primary and metastatic disease of neural crest ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/49812

The neural border: Induction, specification and maturation of the territory that generates neural crest cells Developmental ... A molecular atlas of the developing ectoderm defines neural, neural crest, placode, and nonneural progenitor identity in ... AKT signaling displays multifaceted functions in neural crest development Developmental Biology. Méghane Sittewelle, Anne H. ... PFKFB4 control of Akt signaling is essential for premigratory and migratory neural crest formation Development ...

https://institut-curie.org/team/monsoro-burq

Roles of Collagen and Periostin Expression by Cranial Neural Crest Cells during Soft Palate Development. In: Journal of ... In this study, the authors investigated the contribution of cranial neural crest (CNC) cells to development of both hard and ... Dive into the research topics of Roles of Collagen and Periostin Expression by Cranial Neural Crest Cells during Soft Palate ... Roles of Collagen and Periostin Expression by Cranial Neural Crest Cells during Soft Palate Development. / Oka, Kyoko; Honda, ...

https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/roles-of-collagen-and-periostin-expression-by-cranial-neural-cres

Outside of the neural retina, ocular Angpt1-GFP expression was confined to tissues of neural crest origin, which include the TM ... 4: Neural-crest derived SVEP1 is essential for Schlemms canal formation.. A SVEP1 expression was observed in the trabecular ... 1: Ocular Angpt1-expressing tissues are derived from the neural crest.. A Angpt1-GFP staining showing expression in PDGFRB- ... To generate neural crest-specific Angpt1 knockout (Angpt1ΔNC) mice, previously described Angpt1-floxed mice (Angpt1tm1.1Seq)31 ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26346-0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=92916630-da01-481b-befb-28e0dceb8648

Dive into the research topics of Wnt-frizzled signaling in neural crest formation. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/wnt-frizzled-signaling-in-neural-crest-formation/fingerprints/

Dive into the research topics of Taste buds are not derived from neural crest in mouse, chicken, and zebrafish. Together they ... Taste buds are not derived from neural crest in mouse, chicken, and zebrafish. ...

https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/taste-buds-are-not-derived-from-neural-crest-in-mouse-chicken-and/fingerprints/

... the diverse roles of neural crest cells, migration of the neural crest cells into the branchial arches (particularly the hyoid ... The Neural Crest and Hyoid Arch Invasion. A basic understanding of cranial NC cell migration in the head and neck is important ... 11] the 3 phases of cranial neural crest migration are as follows:. *. Acquisition of directed migration to the dorsolateral ... Considerably fewer neural crest cells derived from r3 and r5 migrate laterally; these cells typically migrate caudally or ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845064-overview

Some neural stem cells persist in the adult vertebrate brain and continue to produce neurons. 2. The neural crest cells ... 1. Neural stem cells are the self-renewing and multipotent cells that generate the neurons of the nervous system of all animals ... Neural stem cells generate the neurons of the nervous system and neural crest cells from the embryonic ectoderm and diverse ... Is the term Neural cells the same as Neural crest cells?. Biology Reproduction & Development Embryogenesis ...

https://socratic.org/questions/is-the-term-neural-cells-the-same-as-neural-crest-cells

... Academic Article ...

http://dgivan.dental.uab.edu/display/pub2317477

Here we present a genome-wide in vivo reconstruction of the GRN underlying development of the multipotent neural crest (NC) ... upstream combinatorial regulatory codes has afforded new insights into opposing gene circuits that define canonical and neural ... Reconstruction of the Global Neural Crest Gene Regulatory Network In Vivo. Williams RM., Candido-Ferreira I., Repapi E., ... Here we present a genome-wide in vivo reconstruction of the GRN underlying development of the multipotent neural crest (NC) ...

https://www.cardioscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/966308?171a3118-6e1e-11ed-a55b-061ab7f93640

Neural crest cells migrate from the developing spinal cord to specific regions in the embryo and give rise to many tissues and ... indicates that the snail 2 protein is required during embryonic growth for the development of cells called neural crest cells. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/snai2/

Kulesa, P. Neural crest cell dynamics revealed by time-lapse video microscopy of whole chick explant cultures. Dev. Biol. 204, ... Bronner-Fraser, M. & Fraser, S. Cell lineage analysis reveals multipotency of some avian neural crest cells. Nature 335, 161- ... Krull, C. E., Collazo, A., Fraser, S. E. & Bronner-Fraser, M. Segmental migration of trunk neural crest: time lapse analysis ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncb1299_E203?error=cookies_not_supported&code=99079dc1-e981-4b94-91fe-279088a3c190

Loss of extreme long-range enhancers in human neural crest drives a craniofacial disorder ...

https://staging-public.crick.ac.uk/research/publications/loss-of-extreme-long-range-enhancers-in-human-neural-crest-drives-a-craniofacial-disorder

Neural crest and the patterning of vertebrate craniofacial muscles. *J. Ziermann, R. Diogo, D. Noden ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/J.-Ziermann/3892231

Here we used a conditional knockout approach to analyze the effects of neural crest deletion of Dlx3 on craniofacial bones ... In vivo impact of Dlx3 conditional inactivation in neural crest-derived craniofacial bones.. Duverger, Olivier; Isaac, Juliane ... supporting cell autonomous defects in neural crest cells. However, adult mutant animals exhibited decreased bone mineral ... Ossos Faciais/anormalidades Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética Crista Neural/anormalidades Crânio/anormalidades Fatores de ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/odontologia/resource/pt/mdl-22886599

ADAR1 mediated regulation of neural crest derived melanocytes and Schwann cell development.. Gacem N, Kavo A, Zerad L, Richard ... Nat Commun: ADAR1 mediated regulation of neural crest derived melanocytes and Schwann cell development.. Published by ...

http://www.genosplice.com/archives/1369

Molecular Events Controlling Cessation of Trunk Neural Crest Migration and Onset of Differentiation.docx ... Neural crest cells (NCC) migrate extensively in vertebrate embryos to populate diverse derivatives including ganglia of the ... Table_3_Molecular Events Controlling Cessation of Trunk Neural Crest Migration and Onset of Differentiation. .docx (. 13.86 kB ... A secondary screen of in situ hybridization revealed that many genes are specifically enhanced in neural crest-derived ganglia ...

https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_3_Molecular_Events_Controlling_Cessation_of_Trunk_Neural_Crest_Migration_and_Onset_of_Differentiation_docx/12071826/1

During neural crest migration, Wnt11 is expressed next to the migrating neural crest. np, neural plate; nc, neural crest; s, ... During neural crest migration, Wnt11 is expressed next to the migrating neural crest. np, neural plate; nc, neural crest; s, ... The possibility that neural crest was induced in the graft is ruled out, as competence for neural crest induction is lost at ... Analysis of early neural crest markers shows no effect of Dsh-DEP+ on neural crest induction (Fig. 1), indicating that non- ...

https://cob.silverchair.com/dev/article/132/11/2587/52349/Essential-role-of-non-canonical-Wnt-signalling-in?searchresult=1

There is no evidence of neural crest origin. [29] There are no known etiologic factors. ... Homer-Wright-like neural rosettes may occasionally be seen. [19] PAS-diastase stain is usually negative for glycogen, although ... Previous studies have emphasized the presence of Homer-Wright rosettes and immunohistochemical neural markers as evidence of ... Immunohistochemically, DSRCT expresses the polyphenotypic expression of cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, and neural markers. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/2078789-197323/how-are-epithelioid-hemangioendothelioma-ehe-and-epithelioid-angiosarcoma-differentiated

The Neural Crest (NC) This article discusses how the study of neural crest (NC) development in chicken embryos is aided… ...

https://www.leica-microsystems.com/science-lab/how-to-quantify-changes-in-the-metabolic-status-of-single-cells/

We demonstrate that these defects are due to the inability of neural crest cells to migrate into the periphery, rather than to a deficiency in neural crest progenitors specification and survival. (xenbase.org)
Neural crest cells migrate from the developing spinal cord to specific regions in the embryo and give rise to many tissues and cell types, including some nerve tissue and pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. (medlineplus.gov)
Neural crest cells (NCC) migrate extensively in vertebrate embryos to populate diverse derivatives including ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. (figshare.com)
During embryonic development melanocytes are formed from melanoblasts, which originate in the neural crest and migrate through the developing embryo in order to reach their final position on the body [ 2 ]. (plos.org)
These cells arise in the neural crest and begin to migrate as melanoblasts through the developing dermis. (ed.ac.uk)
consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin (see the image below), can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. (medscape.com)
The mechanism has not been precisely identified, but may include failure of the cervical neural crest cells to differentiate and migrate into the derivatives of the pharyngeal pouches and arches, deficient blastogenesis as a result of defective interaction between mesoderm and neural crest cells, and failure of mesoderm formation. (mhmedical.com)

Melanoma pathogenesis from normal neural crest-derived melanocytes is often fatal due to aggressive cell invasion throughout the body. (biologists.com)
Nat Commun: ADAR1 mediated regulation of neural crest derived melanocytes and Schwann cell development. (genosplice.com)
Melanoma develops from atypically transformed melanocytes whose fetal precursor cells originate from the neural crest. (medscape.com)

As the neural tube closes (K,L), Sox8 is detected in the migrating neural crest cells in the cranial region (arrows), and the premigratory cells in the trunk neural crest (arrowheads). (xenbase.org)
We tested this hypothesis using migrating neural crest cells as an in vitro model system. (rupress.org)

Anteriorly positioned cranial neural crest cells, which align with rhombomeres 4/5, contribute to the hyoid arch structures including the ceratohyal and hyosymplectic cartilages. (zfin.org)

Later in development, Sox8 expression persists in migrating cranial crest cells as they populate the pharyngeal arches and in trunk neural crest cells, in a pattern that recapitulates both Sox9 and Sox10 expression domains. (xenbase.org)
Posteriorly, although Sox8 and Sox10 are both expressed in trunk neural crest cells, Sox9 is downregulated in this cell population. (xenbase.org)
Krull, C. E., Collazo, A., Fraser, S. E. & Bronner-Fraser, M. Segmental migration of trunk neural crest: time lapse analysis reveals a role for PNA-binding molecules. (nature.com)

Comparison of Sox8 (E) Sox9 (F) and Sox10 (G) expression in sibling stage 14/15 embryos illustrates that all three genes are expressed in the presumptive neural crest. (xenbase.org)
The neural crest is a transient structure in vertebrate embryos that produces migratory cells with an astonishing developmental potential. (uzh.ch)
Early in the process of development, vertebrate embryos develop a fold on the neural plate where the neural and epidermal ectoderms meet, called the neural crest. (asu.edu)
Sleight and Gillis labelled the cells from the neural crest and mesoderm of little skate embryos with a fluorescent dye and then tracked the cells over several weeks. (elifesciences.org)
Julia Barlow Platt studied neural crests in animal embryos and became involved in politics in the US during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. (asu.edu)

Functional studies showed that ectopic expression of bovine TWIST2 in neural crest in transgenic zebrafish led to a decrease in melanocyte numbers. (plos.org)

In vivo impact of Dlx3 conditional inactivation in neural crest-derived craniofacial bones. (bvsalud.org)
Here we used a conditional knockout approach to analyze the effects of neural crest deletion of Dlx3 on craniofacial bones development. (bvsalud.org)
The ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 promotes neural crest cell (NCC) survival and stem-cell like properties to regulate craniofacial and peripheral nervous system development. (bjcancer.org)

Migration of neural crest cells is an elaborate process that requires the delamination of cells from an epithelium and cell movement into an extracellular matrix. (silverchair.com)
In this work, it is shown for the first time that the non-canonical Wnt signalling [planar cell polarity (PCP) or Wnt-Ca 2+ ] pathway controls migration of neural crest cells. (silverchair.com)
Platt observed that in the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus), the coordinated migration of neural crest cells in the embryo produced parts of the nervous system, bones, and connective tissues in the head. (asu.edu)

A secondary screen of in situ hybridization revealed that many genes are specifically enhanced in neural crest-derived ganglia, including macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a ligand for CXCR4 receptor. (figshare.com)

Sox8 , Sox9 and Sox10 , exhibit overlapping expression domains in neural crest progenitors, and studies in mouse suggest that Sox8 functions redundantly with Sox9 and Sox10 during neural crest development. (xenbase.org)
in contrast to its mouse and chick orthologs, Sox8 expression precedes that of Sox9 and Sox10 in neural crest progenitors. (xenbase.org)
Although morpholino-mediated knockdown of Sox8 protein did not prevent the formation of neural crest progenitors, the timing of their induction was severely affected. (xenbase.org)
Sox8 expression in neural crest progenitors and their derivatives. (xenbase.org)

His lab is mainly interested in neural crest-derived stem cell populations, which are promising candidates for the development of autologous stem cell-based therapies. (selectbiosciences.com)

Neural stem cells are the self-renewing and multipotent cells that generate the neurons of the nervous system of all animals during embryonic development. (socratic.org)
Here we present a genome-wide in vivo reconstruction of the GRN underlying development of the multipotent neural crest (NC) embryonic cell population. (ox.ac.uk)

Gegenbaur proposed that paired fins evolved as gill arch serial homologues, but this hypothesis is now widely discounted, owing largely to the presumed distinct embryonic origins of these structures from mesoderm and neural crest, respectively. (elifesciences.org)
We find that while the jaw and hyoid arch skeleton derive from neural crest, and the pectoral fin skeleton from mesoderm, the gill arches are of dual origin, receiving contributions from both germ layers. (elifesciences.org)
Gill skeletons develop from a part of the embryo called the neural crest, while fin skeletons come from a region called the mesoderm. (elifesciences.org)
This suggests that fins and gills develop from a common pool of cells that consists of both neural crest and mesoderm cells, which have the potential to develop into either body part. (elifesciences.org)

To this end, this article briefly discusses numerous important processes in head and neck embryology, namely the implications of patterning in hindbrain development, the diverse roles of neural crest cells, migration of the neural crest cells into the branchial arches (particularly the hyoid arch), and the genetic control of these processes. (medscape.com)

Enteric ganglion cells are derived from the neural crest during embryonic development. (medscape.com)

Neural stem cells generate the neurons of the nervous system and neural crest cells from the embryonic ectoderm and diverse cell lineage. (socratic.org)
Bronner-Fraser, M. & Fraser, S. Cell lineage analysis reveals multipotency of some avian neural crest cells. (nature.com)
The Gabsang Lee Lab focuses on the neural crest lineage and skeletal muscle tissue, in terms of their fate-determination processes as well as relevant genetic disorders. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Neural crest cells originate from the neural plate during early neural development and exist transiently in the embryo before migrating to various locations where they then develop into adult structures. (picmonic.com)

Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), as the developmental precursors of the peripheral nervous system, are uniquely advantageous, but the role of NCSCs in neuromuscular regeneration is not clear. (ncku.edu.tw)

Functional analysis of Sox8 during neural crest development in Xenopus. (xenbase.org)
Among the families of transcription factors expressed at the neural plate border , Sox proteins have been shown to regulate multiple aspects of neural crest development. (xenbase.org)
This delay in neural crest specification had dramatic consequences on the development of multiple lineages of the neural crest . (xenbase.org)
These results indicate that the control of Sox8 expression at the neural plate border is a key process in initiating neural crest formation in Xenopus, and highlight species-specific differences in the relative importance of SoxE proteins during neural crest development. (xenbase.org)
During embryological development, the final structures formed from neural crest cells are termed neural crest derivatives. (picmonic.com)
In this study, the authors investigated the contribution of cranial neural crest (CNC) cells to development of both hard and soft palates. (elsevier.com)
The development of the hindbrain (rhombencephalon) and the subsequent delamination of the neural crest cells are interrelated processes that need to be understood to appreciate the development of the branchiomotor cranial nerves in general and the facial nerve in particular. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Primary neurulation is a process that leads to the development of the neural tube from the neural plate. (medscape.com)
Research indicates that the snail 2 protein is required during embryonic growth for the development of cells called neural crest cells. (medlineplus.gov)
We hypothesized that the CNV causes aberrant expression of TWIST2 during neural crest development, which might negatively affect melanoblasts. (plos.org)
It is thought that these belted phenotypes are due to downregulated melanoblast formation or early melanoblast losses in neural crest development. (plos.org)
The Pr1.8-βgal expression pattern supports a role for DSCAM in CNS development, providing an endogenous promoter to investigate the contribution of DSCAM to Down syndrome neural defects. (elsevier.com)
If Johnston's view is correct, the neural crest in the mesencephalic region must have been drawn into the neural tube during development and given rise to this sensory nucleus of origin (not a terminal nucleus) within the central nervous system. (co.ma)

Mib1 prevents Notch Cis-inhibition to defer differentiation and preserve neuroepithelial integrity during neural delamination. (ens.fr)

Some neural stem cells persist in the adult vertebrate brain and continue to produce neurons. (socratic.org)
Previously, we studied a human genetic disorder (familial dysautonomia, or FD) with hiPSCs and found that FD-specific neural crest cells have low levels of genes needed to make autonomous neurons--the ones needed for the "fight-or-flight" response. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Biochemistry of Human Cancer focuses on advances in the application of biochemistry to the study of human cancers, such as neoplastic immunoglobulinopathies, cancer of the bladder, tumors of the neural crest, leukemias and lymphomas, and neoplasms of the bone. (elsevier.com)
The remaining chapters look at the role of enzymes and immunoglobulins in cancer, the tryptophan metabolism in cancer of the bladder and the carcinoid syndrome, the link between amino acid metabolism and tumors of the neural crest, and the neoplasms of the digestive tract and the accessory organs (pancreas and liver). (elsevier.com)
There is also an associated with neural crest tumors. (medscape.com)
Ameloblastoma is a benign dental tumor mostly found in the mandible, with several variations El ameloblastoma es un tumor odontogénico benigno que se encuentra mayormente en la mandíbula 80%) usually found in the mandible, making up about 1% of tumors in the oral region.2 ameloblastoma . (udea.edu.co)

At stage 11.5 (B-D) Sox8 expression around the blastopore persists and additional expression is detected lateral to the neural plate (arrows). (xenbase.org)
H) Section of a stage 15 embryo illustrates the expression of Sox8 in both the lateral (arrows) and the medial neural crest (arrowheads). (xenbase.org)
Comparison of the onset expression of Sox8 with other neural plate border-specific genes. (xenbase.org)
A) Summary of the onset of expression of Sox8 and seven other neural plate border-specific genes in Xenopus. (xenbase.org)
Expression analysis of non-canonical Wnt ligands and their putative receptors show that Wnt11 is expressed in tissue adjacent to neural crest cells expressing the Wnt receptor Frizzled7 ( Fz7 ). (silverchair.com)
Liu T, Li G, Noble KV, Li Y, Barth JL, Schulte BA, Lang H. Age-dependent alterations of Kir4.1 expression in neural crest-derived cells of the mouse and human cochlea. (musc.edu)

Ets1 is required for proper migration and differentiation of the cardiac neural crest. (uab.edu)
Consistent with these molecular alterations, cells isolated from the frontal bone of mutant mice exhibited increased differentiation and mineralization capacities ex vivo, supporting cell autonomous defects in neural crest cells . (bvsalud.org)

During the first 4 weeks of embryogenesis, the notochord induces axial ectoderm to form the neural plate, which then folds along its long axis to form the neural tube. (medscape.com)

At stage 17 (I,J), Sox8 persists in the neural crest region and is also expressed anterior to the neural plate in the prospective cement gland (arrow). (xenbase.org)
The ridges are formed by folding of NEURAL PLATE . (bvsalud.org)

Neural crest derivatives can be recalled using the mnemonic CA MOTEL ASS. (picmonic.com)

Homozygous S697A mutant mice lacked the ENS in the distal colon, resulting from a migration defect of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs). (fujita-hu.ac.jp)

Further, we also isolated and optimized culture conditions for chick embryo derived trunk crestospheres, comprised of both neural crest stem and progenitor cells. (lu.se)

These technologies allowed the identification of minor neural crest-derived cell populations in tissues of non-neural crest origin. (uzh.ch)
Thus, neural crest-derived cells apparently contribute to tissue formation and regeneration by cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. (uzh.ch)
Evidence for a novel enzymatic mechanism of neural crest cell migration on extracellular glycoconjugate matrices. (rupress.org)
alpha-LA inhibited neural crest cell migration on basal lamina-like matrices in a dose-dependent manner, while under identical conditions, alpha-LA had no effect on cell migration on fibronectin. (rupress.org)
Second, the addition of competitive GalTase substrates significantly inhibited neural crest cell migration on basal lamina-like matrices, but as above, had no effect on migration on fibronectin. (rupress.org)
The neural crest cells generate temporary group of cells unique to vertebrates and from the embryonic ectoderm cell layer. (socratic.org)
Kulesa, P. Neural crest cell dynamics revealed by time-lapse video microscopy of whole chick explant cultures. (nature.com)
Grafts of neural crest tissue expressing non-canonical Dsh mutants, as well as neural crest cultured in vitro, indicate that the PCP pathway works in a cell-autonomous manner to control neural crest migration. (silverchair.com)
The neural crest produces neural crest cells (NCCs), which become multiple different cell types and contribute to tissues and organs as an embryo develops. (asu.edu)
The first gill contained only neural crest cells, but the rest were a mixture of both cell types. (elifesciences.org)

neural crest cells and melanoblasts. (ed.ac.uk)

Reconstruction of the Global Neural Crest Gene Regulatory Network In Vivo. (ox.ac.uk)

We have developed a procedure for preparation of 131I-MIBG and studied its utility in diagnosis of primary and metastatic neural crest tumours. (who.int)
Our experience in the present study shows that 131I-MIBG scintigraphy is a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool to localise primary and metastatic disease of neural crest tumours. (who.int)

The rostral division of the neural tube into its 3 main sections falls under the control of homeobox (Hox) family of genes. (medscape.com)
When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the NEURAL TUBE . (bvsalud.org)

Compared with its conventional counterpart, the proposed architecture inherently rejects electrode offset, increases input impedance 5-10 fold, compresses neural data dynamic range (DR) by 4.5-bit, simultaneously records local field potentials (LFPs) and extracellular spikes, and is more suitable for long-term recording experiments. (umn.edu)
Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. (bvsalud.org)

By using specific Dsh mutants, we show that the canonical Wnt signalling pathway is needed for neural crest induction, while the non-canonical Wnt pathway is required for neural crest migration. (silverchair.com)

abstract = "This paper presents a frequency-shaping (FS) neural recording architecture and its implementation in a 0.13 μ m CMOS process. (umn.edu)

Suite à leur isolation de cœurs infarcis de rats, les cellules souches neuronales cardiaques prolifèrent sous forme de neurosphères et, dans des conditions appropriées in vitro, se différencient en neurones exprimant le neurofilament-M. Suite à un infarctus du myocarde, les niveaux de l'ARNm de nestine sont significativement augmentés au niveau de la région infarcie et non-infarcie. (umontreal.ca)

Furthermore, identification and dissection of divergent upstream combinatorial regulatory codes has afforded new insights into opposing gene circuits that define canonical and neural NC fates early during NC ontogeny. (ox.ac.uk)

In an effort to discover novel drugs, we performed high-throughput screening with a compound library using FD patient-derived neural crest cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Finally, recent reports indicate that neural crest-derived cells become activated in response to injury to secrete factors supporting tissue repair. (uzh.ch)

Sox8 , Sox9 and Sox10 are co-expressed in the migrating cranial neural crest. (xenbase.org)

Summary: Researchers revealed that culturing human induced pluripotent stem cells with different isoforms of the extracellular component laminin led to the creation of cells specific to different parts of the eye, including retinal, corneal, and neural crest cells. (alliancecelltechnologies.eu)

Anatomy57

Organisms17

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs52

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes23

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Inhibition of in vitro enteric neuronal development by endothelin-3: mediation by endothelin B receptors. (1/2353)

A molecular pathway revealing a genetic basis for human cardiac and craniofacial defects. (2/2353)

A subpopulation of apoptosis-prone cardiac neural crest cells targets to the venous pole: multiple functions in heart development? (3/2353)

Development of cephalic neural crest cells in embryos of Lampetra japonica, with special reference to the evolution of the jaw. (4/2353)

Regulation of Hoxa2 in cranial neural crest cells involves members of the AP-2 family. (5/2353)

Early specification of sensory neuron fate revealed by expression and function of neurogenins in the chick embryo. (6/2353)

Early embryonic lethality in Bmp5;Bmp7 double mutant mice suggests functional redundancy within the 60A subgroup. (7/2353)

Prospective identification, isolation by flow cytometry, and in vivo self-renewal of multipotent mammalian neural crest stem cells. (8/2353)

Neural Crest

Coturnix

Branchial Region

Chick Embryo

Quail

SOXE Transcription Factors

Cell Movement

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Skull

Rhombencephalon

Melanocytes

In Situ Hybridization

Embryo, Nonmammalian

Body Patterning

Zebrafish Proteins

Craniofacial Abnormalities

Ectoderm

Zebrafish

Morphogenesis

Mesoderm

Xenopus Proteins

Cell Differentiation

CREST Syndrome

Cell Lineage

Enteric Nervous System

Embryonic Induction

Neural Tube

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

Transcription Factors

Jaw

Nervous System

Head

Antigens, CD57

Paired Box Transcription Factors

Ganglia

Somites

Peripheral Nervous System

Homeodomain Proteins

Avian Proteins

Hirschsprung Disease

Tissue Transplantation

High Mobility Group Proteins

Xenopus

Wnt Proteins

Neural Plate

Ilium

Embryo, Mammalian

Wnt1 Protein

Mesencephalon

Signal Transduction

Immunohistochemistry

Transcription Factor AP-2

Cardiovascular Abnormalities

Chimera

Cranial Nerves

Carbocyanines

Heart

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4

MSX1 Transcription Factor

Early Growth Response Protein 2

Xenopus laevis

SOX9 Transcription Factor

Vertebrates

Melanophores

Neuroglia

Cartilage

Neurulation

Fibroblast Growth Factor 8

DNA-Binding Proteins

Mice, Transgenic

Neurons

Ganglia, Spinal

Central Nervous System

Facial Bones

Cells, Cultured

Embryonic Development

Lampreys

Morpholinos

rhoB GTP-Binding Protein

Ganglia, Sympathetic