A phylum of radially symmetrical invertebrates characterized by possession of stinging cells called nematocysts. It includes the classes ANTHOZOA; CUBOZOA; HYDROZOA, and SCYPHOZOA. Members carry CNIDARIAN VENOMS.
A meshlike structure composed of interconnecting nerve cells that are separated at the synaptic junction or joined to one another by cytoplasmic processes. In invertebrates, for example, the nerve net allows nerve impulses to spread over a wide area of the net because synapses can pass information in any direction.
A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.
The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.
The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.
Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.
Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS, sensory or motor NEURONS. Endings of sensory neurons are the beginnings of afferent pathway to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endings of motor neurons are the terminals of axons at the muscle cells. Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS.
A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.
A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.
The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and SALIVARY GLANDS, and convey afferent information for TASTE from the anterior two-thirds of the TONGUE and for TOUCH from the EXTERNAL EAR.
Treatment of muscles and nerves under pressure as a result of crush injuries.
Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.
The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.
A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.
A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.
The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included.
NERVE GROWTH FACTOR is the first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence the growth and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. It is comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The beta subunit is responsible for its growth stimulating activity.
The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate from cells of the TRIGEMINAL GANGLION and project to the TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication.
Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.
The motor nerve of the diaphragm. The phrenic nerve fibers originate in the cervical spinal column (mostly C4) and travel through the cervical plexus to the diaphragm.
A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans the fibers of the radial nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C5 to T1), travel via the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, and supply motor innervation to extensor muscles of the arm and cutaneous sensory fibers to extensor regions of the arm and hand.
Twelve pairs of nerves that carry general afferent, visceral afferent, special afferent, somatic efferent, and autonomic efferent fibers.
Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.
Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.
A sensory branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The ophthalmic nerve carries general afferents from the superficial division of the face including the eyeball, conjunctiva, upper eyelid, upper nose, nasal mucosa, and scalp.
Differentiated tissue of the central nervous system composed of NERVE CELLS, fibers, DENDRITES, and specialized supporting cells.
A branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The mandibular nerve carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication and sensory fibers to the teeth and gingivae, the face in the region of the mandible, and parts of the dura.
Free-standing or supported lightweight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester or other material, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby protecting against INSECT BITES; INSECT STINGS, and insect-borne diseases.
The cochlear part of the 8th cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE). The cochlear nerve fibers originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project peripherally to cochlear hair cells and centrally to the cochlear nuclei (COCHLEAR NUCLEUS) of the BRAIN STEM. They mediate the sense of hearing.
The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses. The lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia.
The 9th cranial nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve; it conveys somatic and autonomic efferents as well as general, special, and visceral afferents. Among the connections are motor fibers to the stylopharyngeus muscle, parasympathetic fibers to the parotid glands, general and taste afferents from the posterior third of the tongue, the nasopharynx, and the palate, and afferents from baroreceptors and CHEMORECEPTOR CELLS of the carotid sinus.
The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.
Injuries to the optic nerve induced by a trauma to the face or head. These may occur with closed or penetrating injuries. Relatively minor compression of the superior aspect of orbit may also result in trauma to the optic nerve. Clinical manifestations may include visual loss, PAPILLEDEMA, and an afferent pupillary defect.
Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.
The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls.
A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.
The 11th cranial nerve which originates from NEURONS in the MEDULLA and in the CERVICAL SPINAL CORD. It has a cranial root, which joins the VAGUS NERVE (10th cranial) and sends motor fibers to the muscles of the LARYNX, and a spinal root, which sends motor fibers to the TRAPEZIUS and the sternocleidomastoid muscles.
Traumatic injuries to the facial nerve. This may result in FACIAL PARALYSIS, decreased lacrimation and salivation, and loss of taste sensation in the anterior tongue. The nerve may regenerate and reform its original pattern of innervation, or regenerate aberrantly, resulting in inappropriate lacrimation in response to gustatory stimuli (e.g., "crocodile tears") and other syndromes.
The 6th cranial nerve which originates in the ABDUCENS NUCLEUS of the PONS and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the EYE. Damage to the nerve or its nucleus disrupts horizontal eye movement control.
The 3d cranial nerve. The oculomotor nerve sends motor fibers to the levator muscles of the eyelid and to the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye. It also sends parasympathetic efferents (via the ciliary ganglion) to the muscles controlling pupillary constriction and accommodation. The motor fibers originate in the oculomotor nuclei of the midbrain.
The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.
Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.
Benign and malignant neoplasms that arise from one or more of the twelve cranial nerves.
Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation.
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
Branches of the vagus (tenth cranial) nerve. The recurrent laryngeal nerves originate more caudally than the superior laryngeal nerves and follow different paths on the right and left sides. They carry efferents to all muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid and carry sensory and autonomic fibers to the laryngeal, pharyngeal, tracheal, and cardiac regions.
A sensory branch of the MANDIBULAR NERVE, which is part of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The lingual nerve carries general afferent fibers from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the mandibular gingivae.
The 1st cranial nerve. The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell. It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB.
The 12th cranial nerve. The hypoglossal nerve originates in the hypoglossal nucleus of the medulla and supplies motor innervation to all of the muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (which is supplied by the vagus). This nerve also contains proprioceptive afferents from the tongue muscles.
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.

The functional anatomy of the normal human auditory system: responses to 0.5 and 4.0 kHz tones at varied intensities. (1/6550)

Most functional imaging studies of the auditory system have employed complex stimuli. We used positron emission tomography to map neural responses to 0.5 and 4.0 kHz sine-wave tones presented to the right ear at 30, 50, 70 and 90 dB HL and found activation in a complex neural network of elements traditionally associated with the auditory system as well as non-traditional sites such as the posterior cingulate cortex. Cingulate activity was maximal at low stimulus intensities, suggesting that it may function as a gain control center. In the right temporal lobe, the location of the maximal response varied with the intensity, but not with the frequency of the stimuli. In the left temporal lobe, there was evidence for tonotopic organization: a site lateral to the left primary auditory cortex was activated equally by both tones while a second site in primary auditory cortex was more responsive to the higher frequency. Infratentorial activations were contralateral to the stimulated ear and included the lateral cerebellum, the lateral pontine tegmentum, the midbrain and the medial geniculate. Contrary to predictions based on cochlear membrane mechanics, at each intensity, 4.0 kHz stimuli were more potent activators of the brain than the 0.5 kHz stimuli.  (+info)

GABAergic excitatory synapses and electrical coupling sustain prolonged discharges in the prey capture neural network of Clione limacina. (2/6550)

Afterdischarges represent a prominent characteristic of the neural network that controls prey capture reactions in the carnivorous mollusc Clione limacina. Their main functional implication is transformation of a brief sensory input from a prey into a lasting prey capture response. The present study, which focuses on the neuronal mechanisms of afterdischarges, demonstrates that a single pair of interneurons [cerebral A interneuron (Cr-Aint)] is responsible for afterdischarge generation in the network. Cr-Aint neurons are electrically coupled to all other neurons in the network and produce slow excitatory synaptic inputs to them. This excitatory transmission is found to be GABAergic, which is demonstrated by the use of GABA antagonists, uptake inhibitors, and double-labeling experiments showing that Cr-Aint neurons are GABA-immunoreactive. The Cr-Aint neurons organize three different pathways in the prey capture network, which provide positive feedback necessary for sustaining prolonged spike activity. The first pathway includes electrical coupling and slow chemical transmission from the Cr-Aint neurons to all other neurons in the network. The second feedback is based on excitatory reciprocal connections between contralateral interneurons. Recurrent excitation via the contralateral cell can sustain prolonged interneuron firing, which then drives the activity of all other cells in the network. The third positive feedback is represented by prominent afterdepolarizing potentials after individual spikes in the Cr-Aint neurons. Afterdepolarizations apparently represent recurrent GABAergic excitatory inputs. It is suggested here that these afterdepolarizing potentials are produced by GABAergic excitatory autapses.  (+info)

Spontaneous network activity transiently depresses synaptic transmission in the embryonic chick spinal cord. (3/6550)

We examined the effects of spontaneous or evoked episodes of rhythmic activity on synaptic transmission in several spinal pathways of embryonic day 9-12 chick embryos. We compared the amplitude of synaptic potentials evoked by stimulation of the ventrolateral funiculus (VLF), the dorsal or ventral roots, before and after episodes of activity. With the exception of the short-latency responses evoked by dorsal root stimulation, the potentials were briefly potentiated and then reduced for several minutes after an episode of rhythmic activity. Their amplitude progressively recovered in the interval between successive episodes. The lack of post-episode depression in the short-latency component of the dorsal root evoked responses is probably attributable to the absence of firing in cut muscle afferents during an episode of activity. The post-episode depression of VLF-evoked potentials was mimicked by prolonged stimulation of the VLF, subthreshold for an episode of activity. By contrast, antidromically induced motoneuron firing and the accompanying calcium entry did not depress VLF-evoked potentials recorded from the stimulated ventral root. In addition, post-episode depression of VLF-evoked synaptic currents was observed in voltage-clamped spinal neurons. Collectively, these findings suggest that somatic postsynaptic activity and calcium entry are not required for the depression. We propose instead that the mechanism may involve a form of long-lasting activity-induced synaptic depression, possibly a combination of transmitter depletion and ligand-induced changes in the postsynaptic current accompanying transmitter release. This activity-dependent depression appears to be an important mechanism underlying the occurrence of spontaneous activity in developing spinal networks.  (+info)

Adult subventricular zone neuronal precursors continue to proliferate and migrate in the absence of the olfactory bulb. (4/6550)

Neurons continue to be born in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles of adult mice. These cells migrate as a network of chains through the SVZ and the rostral migratory stream (RMS) into the olfactory bulb (OB), where they differentiate into mature neurons. The OB is the only known target for these neuronal precursors. Here, we show that, after elimination of the OB, the SVZ and RMS persist and become dramatically larger. The proportion of dividing [bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled] or dying (pyknotic or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end-labeled) cells in the RMS was not significantly affected at 3 d or 3 weeks after bulbectomy (OBX). However, by 3 months after OBX, the percentage of BrdU-labeled cells in the RMS decreased by half and that of dying cells doubled. Surprisingly, the rostral migration of precursors continued along the RMS after OBX. This was demonstrated by focal microinjections of BrdU and grafts of SVZ cells carrying LacZ under the control of a neuron-specific promoter gene. Results indicate that the OB is not essential for proliferation and the directional migration of SVZ precursors.  (+info)

Cellular mechanisms contributing to response variability of cortical neurons in vivo. (5/6550)

Cortical neurons recorded in vivo exhibit highly variable responses to the repeated presentation of the same stimulus. To further understand the cellular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we performed intracellular recordings from neurons in cat striate cortex in vivo and examined the relationships between spontaneous activity and visually evoked responses. Activity was assessed on a trial-by-trial basis by measuring the membrane potential (Vm) fluctuations and spike activity during brief epochs immediately before and after the onset of an evoked response. We found that the response magnitude, expressed as a change in Vm relative to baseline, was linearly correlated with the preceding spontaneous Vm. This correlation was enhanced when the cells were hyperpolarized to reduce the activation of voltage-gated conductances. The output of the cells, expressed as spike counts and latencies, was only moderately correlated with fluctuations in the preceding spontaneous Vm. Spike-triggered averaging of Vm revealed that visually evoked action potentials arise from transient depolarizations having a rise time of approximately 10 msec. Consistent with this, evoked spike count was found to be linearly correlated with the magnitude of Vm fluctuations in the gamma (20-70 Hz) frequency band. We also found that the threshold of visually evoked action potentials varied over a range of approximately 10 mV. Examination of simultaneously recorded intracellular and extracellular activity revealed a correlation between Vm depolarization and spike discharges in adjacent cells. Together these results demonstrate that response variability is attributable largely to coherent fluctuations in cortical activity preceding the onset of a stimulus, but also to variations in action potential threshold and the magnitude of high-frequency fluctuations evoked by the stimulus.  (+info)

A genetic approach to trace neural circuits. (6/6550)

Mammalian nervous system function involves billions of neurons which are interconnected in a multitude of neural circuits. Here we describe a genetic approach to chart neural circuits. By using an olfactory-specific promoter, we selectively expressed barley lectin in sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ of transgenic mice. The lectin was transported through the axons of those neurons to the olfactory bulb, transferred to the bulb neurons with which they synapse, and transported through the axons of bulb neurons to the olfactory cortex. The lectin also was retrogradely transported from the bulb to neuromodulatory brain areas. No evidence could be obtained for adverse effects of the lectin on odorant receptor gene expression, sensory axon targeting in the bulb, or the generation or transmission of signals by olfactory sensory neurons. Transneuronal transfer was detected prenatally in the odor-sensing pathway, but only postnatally in the pheromone-sensing pathway, suggesting that odors, but not pheromones, may be sensed in utero. Our studies demonstrate that a plant lectin can serve as a transneuronal tracer when its expression is genetically targeted to a subset of neurons. This technology can potentially be applied to a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate neural systems and may be particularly valuable for mapping connections formed by small subsets of neurons and for studying the development of connectivity as it occurs in utero.  (+info)

Plaque-independent disruption of neural circuits in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. (7/6550)

Autosomal dominant forms of familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) are associated with increased production of the amyloid beta peptide, Abeta42, which is derived from the amyloid protein precursor (APP). In FAD, as well as in sporadic forms of the illness, Abeta peptides accumulate abnormally in the brain in the form of amyloid plaques. Here, we show that overexpression of FAD(717V-->F)-mutant human APP in neurons of transgenic mice decreases the density of presynaptic terminals and neurons well before these mice develop amyloid plaques. Electrophysiological recordings from the hippocampus revealed prominent deficits in synaptic transmission, which also preceded amyloid deposition by several months. Although in young mice, functional and structural neuronal deficits were of similar magnitude, functional deficits became predominant with advancing age. Increased Abeta production in the context of decreased overall APP expression, achieved by addition of the Swedish FAD mutation to the APP transgene in a second line of mice, further increased synaptic transmission deficits in young APP mice without plaques. These results suggest a neurotoxic effect of Abeta that is independent of plaque formation.  (+info)

Measures of degeneracy and redundancy in biological networks. (8/6550)

Degeneracy, the ability of elements that are structurally different to perform the same function, is a prominent property of many biological systems ranging from genes to neural networks to evolution itself. Because structurally different elements may produce different outputs in different contexts, degeneracy should be distinguished from redundancy, which occurs when the same function is performed by identical elements. However, because of ambiguities in the distinction between structure and function and because of the lack of a theoretical treatment, these two notions often are conflated. By using information theoretical concepts, we develop here functional measures of the degeneracy and redundancy of a system with respect to a set of outputs. These measures help to distinguish the concept of degeneracy from that of redundancy and make it operationally useful. Through computer simulations of neural systems differing in connectivity, we show that degeneracy is low both for systems in which each element affects the output independently and for redundant systems in which many elements can affect the output in a similar way but do not have independent effects. By contrast, degeneracy is high for systems in which many different elements can affect the output in a similar way and at the same time can have independent effects. We demonstrate that networks that have been selected for degeneracy have high values of complexity, a measure of the average mutual information between the subsets of a system. These measures promise to be useful in characterizing and understanding the functional robustness and adaptability of biological networks.  (+info)

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Most seed-based and ICA studies indicate that there is decreased connectivity in the DMN and other networks in subjects with MCI and AD. The majority of RS-fMRI studies found reduced DMN connectivity across widespread regions in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital regions of AD patients.44,45 Using graph analysis, major hubs in the brain seem to be affected by MCI and AD. Supkar et al.46 observed the loss of small-world organization in the functional brain network, characterized by a significantly lower clustering coefficient, which is indicative of disrupted local connectivity. Brier et al.47 also found that the clustering coefficient and modularity were lower in AD patients. In the same study, cognitively normal participants who harbor AD pathologies also showed reduced functional connectivity, demonstrating brain changes similar to, but smaller than, those seen in AD.47. However, results regarding aberrant functions in the DMN from MCI patients were different in patterns from those ...
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Neurons use a variety of mechanisms to homeostatically regulate neural network activity in order to maintain firing in a bounded range. One such process involves the bi-directional modulation of excitatory synaptic drive in response to chronic changes in network activity. Down-scaling of excitatory synapses in response to high activity requires Arc-dependent endocytosis of glutamate receptors. However, the temporal dynamics and signaling pathways regulating Arc during homeostatic plasticity are not well understood. Here we determine the relative contribution of transcriptional and translational control in the regulation of Arc, the signaling pathways responsible for the activity-dependent production of Arc, and the time course of these signaling events as they relate to the homeostatic adjustment of network activity in hippocampal neurons. We find that an ERK1/2-dependent transcriptional pathway active within 1-2 h of up-regulated network activity induces Arc leading to a restoration of network spiking
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Learning- and memory-related processes are thought to result from dynamic interactions in large-scale brain networks that include lateral and mesial structures of the temporal lobes. We investigate the impact of incidental and intentional learning of verbal episodic material on functional brain networks that we derive from scalp-EEG recorded continuously from 33 subjects during a neuropsychological test schedule. Analyzing the networks global statistical properties we observe that intentional but not incidental learning leads to a significantly increased clustering coefficient, and the average shortest path length remains unaffected. Moreover, network modifications correlate with subsequent recall performance: the more pronounced the modifications of the clustering coefficient, the higher the recall performance. Our findings provide novel insights into the relationship between topological aspects of functional brain networks and higher cognitive functions.
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Individuals with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) have a risk of developing a psychotic disorder significantly greater than the general population. However, it is not currently possible to predict which ARMS individuals will develop psychosis from clinical assessment alone. Comparison of ARMS subjects who do, and do not, develop psychosis can reveal which factors are critical for the onset of illness. In the present study, 37 patients with an ARMS were followed clinically at least 24 months subsequent to initial referral. Functional MRI data were collected at the beginning of the follow-up period during performance of an executive task known to recruit frontal lobe networks and to be impaired in psychosis. Graph theoretical analysis was used to compare the organization of a functional brain network in ARMS patients who developed a psychotic disorder following the scan (ARMS-T) to those who did not become ill during the same follow-up period (ARMS-NT) and aged-matched controls. The global properties of
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Interferon-α acutely impairs whole-brain functional connectivity network architecture - A preliminary study. AU - Dipasquale, Ottavia. AU - Cooper, Ella A. AU - Tibble, Jeremy. AU - Voon, Valerie. AU - Baglio, Francesca. AU - Baselli, Giuseppe. AU - Cercignani, Mara. AU - Harrison, Neil A.. N1 - Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.. PY - 2016/11. Y1 - 2016/11. N2 - Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is a key mediator of antiviral immune responses used to treat Hepatitis C infection. Though clinically effective, IFN-α rapidly impairs mood, motivation and cognition, effects that can appear indistinguishable from major depression and provide powerful empirical support for the inflammation theory of depression. Though inflammation has been shown to modulate activity within discrete brain regions, how it affects distributed information processing and the architecture of whole brain functional connectivity networks have not previously been ...
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Deep neural networks have recently been applied to the study of brain disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with great success. However, the internal logics of these networks are difficult to interpret, especially with regard to how specific network architecture decisions are made. In this paper, we study an interpretable neural network model as a method to identify ASD participants from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and interpret results of the model in a precise and consistent manner. First, we propose an interpretable fully connected neural network (FCNN) to classify two groups, ASD versus healthy controls (HC), based on input data from resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between regions of interests (ROIs). The proposed FCNN model is a piecewise linear neural network (PLNN) which uses piecewise linear function LeakyReLU as its activation function. We experimentally compared the FCNN model against widely used classification models including support vector
TY - JOUR. T1 - Clinical pain and functional network topology in Parkinsons disease. T2 - a resting-state fMRI study. AU - Engels, Gwenda. AU - McCoy, Brónagh. AU - Vlaar, Annemarie. AU - Theeuwes, Jan. AU - Weinstein, Henry. AU - Scherder, Erik. AU - Douw, Linda. PY - 2018/10. Y1 - 2018/10. N2 - Pain is an important non-motor symptom in Parkinsons disease (PD), but its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear. Research has shown that functional connectivity during the resting-state may be involved in persistent pain in PD. In the present cross-sectional study, 24 PD patients (both during on and off medication phase) and 27 controls participated. We assessed pain with the colored analogue scale and the McGill pain questionnaire. We examined a possible pathophysiological mechanism with resting-state fMRI using functional network topology, i.e., the architecture of functional connections. We took betweenness centrality (BC) to assess hubness, and global efficiency (GE) to ...
Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) refers to the observed phenomenon that functional connectivity changes over a short time. Dynamic functional connectivity is a recent expansion on traditional functional connectivity analysis which typically assumes that functional networks are static in time. DFC is related to a variety of different neurological disorders, and has been suggested to be a more accurate representation of functional brain networks. The primary tool for analyzing DFC is fMRI, but DFC has also been observed with several other mediums. DFC is a recent development within the field of functional neuroimaging whose discovery was motivated by the observation of temporal variability in the rising field of steady state connectivity research Functional connectivity refers to the functionally integrated relationship between spatially separated brain regions. Unlike structural connectivity which looks for physical connections in the brain, functional connectivity is related to similar ...
Purpose: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated the disruptions of multiple brain networks in tinnitus patients. Nonetheless, several studies found no differences in network processing between tinnitus patients and healthy controls. Its neural bases are poorly understood. To identify aberrant brain network architecture involved in chronic tinnitus, we compared the resting-state fMRI patterns of tinnitus patients and healthy controls.Materials and Methods: Chronic tinnitus patients (n=24) with normal hearing thresholds and age-, sex-, education- and hearing threshold-matched healthy controls (n=22) participated in the current study and underwent the resting-state fMRI scanning. We used degree centrality to investigate functional connectivity strength of the whole-brain network and Granger causality to analyze effective connectivity in order to explore directional aspects involved in tinnitus.Results: Compared to healthy controls, we found significantly
In this study, we investigated changes in resting state networks (RSNs) in patients with gliomas located in the left hemisphere and its relation to cognitive function. We hypothesized that long distance connection, especially between hemispheres, would be affected by the presence of the tumor. We further hypothesized that these changes would correlate with, or reflect cognitive changes observed in patients with gliomas. Resting state functional MRI datasets from 12 patients and 12 healthy controls were used in the analysis. The tumors effect on three well-known RSNs including the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN) identified using independent component analysis were investigated using dual regression analysis. Scores of neuropsychometric testing (WAIS-III and WMS-R) were also compared. Compared to the healthy control group, the patient group showed significant decrease in functional connectivity in the right angular gyrus/inferior parietal lobe of the
Microglia dynamically survey the brain parenchyma. Microglial processes interact with neuronal elements; however, what role neuronal network activity plays in regulating microglial dynamics is not entirely clear. Most studies of microglial dynamics use either slice preparations or in vivo imaging in anesthetized mice. Here we demonstrate that microglia in awake mice have a relatively reduced process area and surveillance territory and that reduced neuronal activity under general anesthesia increases microglial process velocity, extension and territory surveillance. Similarly, reductions in local neuronal activity through sensory deprivation or optogenetic inhibition increase microglial process surveillance. Using pharmacological and chemogenetic approaches, we demonstrate that reduced norepinephrine signaling is necessary for these increases in microglial process surveillance. These findings indicate that under basal physiological conditions, noradrenergic tone in awake mice suppresses microglial
In line with our hypothesis, we identified aberrant functional connectivity of salience network and default mode network with the pSTS in adolescents with IGD. Moreover, functional connectivity between the salience network and pSTS correlated with proneness to Internet addiction and self-reported cognitive problems. Regarding that the pSTS is an essential part of the social brain network, our findings imply that excessive exposure to game-related social stimuli during adolescence might affect the dynamic interaction between the salience network and social brain network, which seems to be associated with executive dysfunction and cognitive problems.. Adolescents with IGD showed different functional connectivity patterns among large-scale intrinsic networks. The PCC and right AIC, which are the hubs of the default mode network and salience network, both showed significant interactions with the left pSTS only in adolescents with IGD. In addition, there was a negative correlation between the ...
Age-related effects on the default mode network (DMN) connectivity as measured at rest using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are now well described. Little is known however about the relationships between these changes and age-related effects on cognition or on the unconstrained thoughts which occur during the resting-state scan, called inner experience. Brain resting-state activity, inner experience, and cognitive ability measurements were obtained in 70 participants aged 19-80 years. The anterior-posterior disruption of DMN activity with age reported in previous studies was recovered here. A significant effect of age was also found on cognitive abilities but not on inner experience. Finally, age-related changes in DMN connectivity were found to correlate with cognitive abilities, and more specifically with autobiographical memory performance. These findings provide new information to fuel the debate on the role of the brain default mode and more specifically on the effect of age-related
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and disabling, but its neuropathophysiology remains unclear. Most studies of functional brain networks in MDD have had limited statistical power and data analysis approaches have varied widely. The REST-meta-MDD Project of resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) address …
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of APOE ε4 status on intrinsic network connectivity in cognitively normal elderly subjects. AU - Machulda, Mary M.. AU - Jones, David T.. AU - Vemuri, Prashanthi. AU - McDade, Eric. AU - Avula, Ramesh. AU - Przybelski, Scott. AU - Boeve, Brad F.. AU - Knopman, David S.. AU - Petersen, Ronald C.. AU - Jack, Clifford R.. PY - 2011/9/1. Y1 - 2011/9/1. N2 - Objective: To examine default mode and salience network functional connectivity as a function of APOE ε4 status in a group of cognitively normal age-, sex-, and education-matched older adults. Design: Case-control study. Subjects: Fifty-six cognitively normal APOE ε4 carriers and 56 age-, sex- and education-matched cognitively normal APOE ε4 noncarriers. Main Outcome Measure: Alterations in in-phase default mode and salience network connectivity in APOE ε4 carriers compared with APOE ε4 noncarriers ranging from 63 to 91 years of age. Results: A posterior cingulate seed revealed decreased inphase connectivity in ...
There has been increasing focus on studying large-scale brain networks using graph theory to characterize resting-state functional connectivity. By describing t
High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) has gained great interest in multiple clinical and research fields and is believed to accomplish its effect by influencing neuronal networks. The dlPFC is frequently chosen as the cortical target for HF-rTMS. However very little is known about the differential effect of HF-rTMS over the left and right dlPFC on intrinsic functional connectivity networks in patients or in healthy individuals. The current study assessed the differential effects of left or right HF-rTMS (corrected for sham) on intrinsic Independent Component Analysis (ICA) defined functional connectivity networks in a sample of 45 healthy individuals ...
BACKGROUND: Attention is frequently impaired after stroke, and its impairment is associated with poor quality of life. Physical activity benefits attention in healthy populations and has also been associated with recovery after brain injury. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relationship between objectively measured daily physical activity, attention network connectivity, and attention task performance after stroke. We hypothesized that increased daily physical activity would be associated with improved attention network function. METHODS: Stroke patients (n = 62; mean age = 67 years, SD = 12.6 years) and healthy controls (n = 27; mean age = 68 years, SD = 6 years) underwent cognitive testing and 7 minutes of functional magnetic resonance imaging in the resting-state. Patients were tested 3 months after ischemic stroke. Physical activity was monitored with an electronic armband worn for 7 days. Dorsal and ventral attention network function was examined using seed-based connectivity analyses. RESULTS:
The development of large-scale functional organization of the human brain across the lifespan is not well understood. Here we used magnetoencephalographic recordings of 53 adults (ages 18-89) to characterize functional brain networks in the resting state. Slow frequencies engage larger networks than higher frequencies and show different development over the lifespan. Networks in the delta (2-4 Hz) frequency range decrease, while networks in the beta/gamma frequency range (, 16 Hz) increase in size with advancing age. Results show that the right frontal lobe and the temporal areas in both hemispheres are important relay stations in the expanding high-frequency networks. Neuropsychological tests confirmed the tendency of cognitive decline with older age. The decrease in visual memory and visuoconstructive functions was strongly associated with the age-dependent enhancement of functional connectivity in both temporal lobes. Using functional network analysis this study elucidates important neuronal ...
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The global signal in resting-state functional MRI data is considered to be dominated by physiological noise and artifacts, yet a growing literature suggests that it also carries information about widespread neural activity. The biological relevance of the global signal remains poorly understood. Applying principal component analysis to a large neuroimaging dataset, we found that individual variation in global signal topography recapitulates well-established patterns of large-scale functional brain networks. Using canonical correlation analysis, we delineated relationships between individual differences in global signal topography and a battery of phenotypes. The first canonical variate of the global signal, resembling the frontoparietal control network, was significantly related to an axis of positive and negative life outcomes and psychological function. These results suggest that the global signal contains a rich source of information related to trait-level cognition and behavior. This work has
For older adults with type 2 diabetes, a single dose of intranasal insulin increases resting-state brain functional connectivity.
Cortical cultures grown long-term on multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) are frequently and extensively used as models of cortical networks in studies of neuronal firing activity, neuropharmacology, toxicology and mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity. However, in contrast to the predominantly asynchronous neuronal firing activity exhibited by intact cortex, electrophysiological activity of mature cortical cultures is dominated by spontaneous epileptiform-like global burst events which hinders their effective use in network-level studies, particularly for neurally-controlled animat (artificial animal) applications. Thus, the identification of culture features that can be exploited to produce neuronal activity more representative of that seen in vivo could increase the utility and relevance of studies that employ these preparations. Acetylcholine has a recognised neuromodulatory role affecting excitability, rhythmicity, plasticity and information flow in vivo although its endogenous production by
Mackey, S., and Petrides, M. Quantitative demonstration of comparable architectonic areas within the ventromedial and lateral orbital frontal cortex in the human and macaque monkey brains. European Journal of Neuroscience, 2010, 32, 1940-1950.. Kelly, C., Uddin, L.Q., Shehzad, Z., Margulies, D.S., Xavier Castellanos, F., Milham, M.P., and Petrides, M. Brocas region: linking human brain functional connectivity data and non-human primate tracing anatomy studies. European Journal of Neuroscience, 2010, 32, 383-398.. Champod, A.S. and Petrides, M. Dissociation within the frontoparietal network in verbal working memory: A parametric functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Neuroscience, 2010, 30, 3849-3856.. Margulies, D.S., Vincent, J.L., Kelly, C., Lohmann, G., Uddin, L.Q., Biswal, B.B., Villringer, A., Castellanos, F.X., Milham, M.P., and Petrides, M. Precuneus shares intrinsic functional architecture in humans and monkeys. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2009, ...
The four compounds tested generated interesting, and in one case paradoxical effects. Frontal cortex cultures were all inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, which included total cessation of activity by halothane, CBX, I-octanol, or oleamide (at concentrations 250 muM, 100 muM, 20 muM, 20 muM, respectively). All cultures showed spontaneous recovery at lower concentrations and reversibility after culture medium changes at higher concentrations. In addition, measurements of network burst rates and coefficients of variation of burst period indicate that burst coordination among channels was reduced by these compounds. These responses were generally mirrored in the spinal cord, except for CBX, which produced a paradoxical transient intense increase in network spike and burst production ...
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Here, the state of the jth oscillator, j = 1, 2, …, N, is determined by a complex variable zj(t) at time t. N is the total number of brain regions acquired from group-averaged diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with 82 nodes (van den Heuvel & Sporns, 2011). The Ajk = 1 if there is a connection between the jth and kth oscillators, and Ajk = 0 if there is not, based on the structural brain network. Each node undergoes supercritical Hopf bifurcation, and the dynamics of the oscillator settle on a limit cycle if λj , 0 and on a stable focus if λj , 0. Here, we fixed all λj as 1. The ωj = 2πfj and is an initial angular natural frequency of each jth oscillator. We used a Gaussian distribution for natural frequency with a mean frequency of 10 Hz and standard deviation of 0.5 Hz to simulate the alpha bandwidth of human EEG activity (H. Kim et al., 2018; M. Kim et al., 2017; Lee et al., 2018; Moon et al., 2017, 2015). We also used the homogeneous coupling term Kjk = K between the jth and kth ...
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Nerve nets can provide animals with the ability to sense objects through the use of the sensory neurons within the nerve net. ... The anatomy and positioning of nerve nets can vary from organism to organism. Hydra, which are cnidarians, have a nerve net ... but they lack Nav channels which provide for the conductance of action potentials in nerve nets. Nerve nets are found in ... organisms with radial symmetry are associated with nerve nets. Nerve nets can be found in members of the Ctenophora, Cnidaria, ...
In organisms of radial symmetry, nerve nets serve for the nervous system. There is no brain or centralised head region, and ... All spinal nerves are mixed nerves, and some of the cranial nerves are also mixed nerves. Nerves can be categorized into two ... List of nerves of the human body Nerve injury Nervous system Neuropathy Peripheral nerve injury Peripheral nerve injury ... A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of nerve fibers (called axons) in the peripheral nervous system. A nerve transmits ...
Nerve net Nakanishi, Nagayasu; Hartenstein, Volker; Jacobs, David K. (June 2009). "Development of the rhopalial nervous system ...
... with motor nerve cells, which lie mostly between the bases of the muscle cells. Some form a simple nerve net. Interstitial ... intermediate neurons in the nerve net can also form ganglia that act as local coordination centers. Communication between nerve ... Medusa usually have several of them around the margin of the bell that work together to control the motor nerve net, that ... In scyphozoans, this takes the form of a diffuse nerve net, which has modulatory effects on the nervous system. As well as ...
From nerve nets to neuron doctrine". Minds behind the brain: A history of the pioneers and their discoveries. New York: Oxford ... He was a proponent of polarization of nerve cell function and his student, Rafael Lorente de Nó, would continue this study of ... Structure of the Chiasma opticum and general theory of the crossing of nerve tracks)" [Die Structur des Chiasma opticum nebst ... Even before Ramón y Cajal's work, Norwegian scientist Fridtjof Nansen established the contiguous nature of nerve cells in his ...
Nerve nets connect sensory photoreceptors and touch-sensitive nerve cells located in the body wall and tentacles. The structure ... The nervous system of Hydra is a nerve net, which is structurally simple compared to more derived animal nervous systems. Hydra ... Ji N, Flavell SW (April 2017). "Hydra: Imaging Nerve Nets in Action". Current Biology. 27 (8): R294-R295. doi:10.1016/j.cub. ... and this may be due to the simplicity of the nerve nets. Hydra are generally sedentary or sessile, but do occasionally move ...
"Could Overactive Nerves Cause Tinnitus?". advancedhearingservices.net. Retrieved 2022-02-04. "'Ringing In The Ears' May Be ... Caused By Overactive Nerves; Acupuncture May Help, Study Suggests". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2022-02-04. "Specially timed ...
Kleene, S. C. (1956). "Representation of events in nerve nets and finite automata". In C. E. Shannon and J. McCarthy (ed.). ...
Kleene, S.C. (1956). "Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata". Annals of Mathematics Studies. No. 34. ... The outputs of the final output neurons of the neural net accomplish the task, such as recognizing an object in an image. To ... Siegelmann, H.T.; Sontag, E.D. (1991). "Turing computability with neural nets" (PDF). Appl. Math. Lett. 4 (6): 77-80. doi: ... Artificial neural networks (ANNs), usually simply called neural networks (NNs) or neural nets, are computing systems inspired ...
The nerve system most resembles a round nerve net. Chiton body fluid is isosmotic with sea water, implying no osmotic ...
Kleene, S.C. (1956). "Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata". Annals of Mathematics Studies. No. 34. ... This work led to work on nerve networks and their link to finite automata. In the early 1940s, D. O. Hebb created a learning ... Hinton, G. E.; Osindero, S.; Teh, Y. (2006). "A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets" (PDF). Neural Computation. 18 (7 ... 15 January 2001). "Gradient flow in recurrent nets: the difficulty of learning long-term dependencies". In Kolen, John F.; ...
Kleene, Stephen Cole (15 December 1951). "Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata" (PDF). U. S. Air Force ... Kleene, Stephen Cole (1956). Shannon, Claude; McCarthy, John (eds.). Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata ...
"Op Redfold: MOD Activates No-Deal Brexit Nerve Centre". forces.net. Forces Network. Retrieved 23 March 2019. Ripley, Tim; Urwin ...
Blabbermouth.net. August 5, 2022. "Drowning Pool Shares New Single 'Choke' from 'Strike A Nerve' Album". Blabbermouth.net. ... "Drowning Pool Shares New Single "A Devil More Damned" from Strike a Nerve Album". Blabbermouth.net. September 24, 2022. ... Strike a Nerve is the seventh studio album by American rock band Drowning Pool. It was released on September 30, 2022, by T-Boy ... Strike a Nerve is the first studio album from Drowning Pool since Hellelujah (2016), making it the longest gap between two ...
They carry a nerve net with no brain or ganglia. A gastrovascular cavity is present where the digestion starts and later ...
"Muscle and nerve net organization in stalked jellyfish (Medusozoa: Staurozoa)". Journal of Morphology. 278: 29-49. doi:10.1002/ ...
"Brian Eno: Nerve Net/The Shutov Assembly/Neroli/The Drop". Pitchfork. "188472-brian-eno-nerve-net-shutov-assembly-neroli-the- ... "Album Review: Brian Eno - the Shutov Assembly, Nerve Net, Neroli, the Drop (Expanded editions) / Releases / Releases // Drowned ...
"Album Review: Brian Eno - The Shutov Assembly, Nerve Net, Neroli, The Drop (expanded editions)". Archived from the original on ... Nerve Net/The Shutov Assembly/Neroli/The Drop Album Review - Pitchfork". Retrieved 20 August 2016. Rolling Stone (4 September ... Nerve Net / Shutov Assembly / Neroli / The Drop Reissues". Retrieved 20 August 2016. " ...
Kleene, Stephen C. (1951). Shannon, Claude E.; McCarthy, John (eds.). Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite ... Liger, François; McQueen, Craig; Wilton, Paul (2002). Visual Basic .NET Text Manipulation Handbook. Wrox Press. ISBN 978-1- ... NET Framework, and XML Schema. Some languages and tools such as Boost and PHP support multiple regex flavors. Perl-derivative ... Vimdoc.sourceforge.net. Archived from the original on 2020-10-07. Retrieved 2013-09-25. "UTS#18 on Unicode Regular Expressions ...
ISBN 1-58488-090-2. Here: sect.2.1, remark R13 on p.65 Kleene, Stephen C. (1956). "Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and ...
Kozen (1990), sect.2.1.2, p.5 S.C. Kleene (Dec 1951). Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata (PDF) ( ... Here: sect.7.2, p.52 Kleene, Stephen C. (1956). "Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata" (PDF). Automata ...
A sensory nerve-net in the polcald flatworm Notoplana acticola". Biological Bulletin. 145 (2): 352-359. doi:10.2307/1540045. ... The brains of arthropods and cephalopods arise from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through the body of the animal. ... Nociceptors are sensory receptors that respond to potentially damaging stimuli by sending nerve signals to the brain. Although ... Extracellular recordings of antennal nerves in the Louisiana red swamp crayfish revealed continual spontaneous activity, but no ...
... that is called malis nerve hook. Younis, Zubair (28 October 2018). "Basic Surgical Orthopedic Instruments". Slideshare.net. ... Nerve hook is a surgical instrument that allows surgeon to inspect areas around nerves, especially in the spine. Three main ... instruments exist, dandy blunt nerve hook (short and blunt), cushing gasserian blunt nerve hook (long) and weary black nerve ... Duraisamy, Ranganathan (29 July 2019). "Nerve Hook in Vascular Surgery". Surgicaltechie.com. Retrieved 4 August 2021. v t e ( ...
A plexus refers to a net-like arrangement of a nerve. The term anatomical variation is used to refer to a difference in ...
There are two current theories on the emergence of nerve nets. One theory is that nerve nets may have developed independently ... Before the evolutionary development of the brain, nerve nets, the simplest form of a nervous system developed. These nerve nets ... They are able to rudimentarily detect food and other chemicals but these nerve nets do not allow them to detect the source of ... The other theory states that a common ancestor may have developed nerve nets, but they were lost in Porifera. While comparing ...
Ventral nerve cord in some invertebrates Nerve net in cnidaria and echinodermata phyla Hemichordates, who have both dorsal and ... The dorsal hollow nerve cord is a hollow cord dorsal to the notochord. It is formed from a part of the ectoderm that rolls, ... The dorsal nerve cord is a unique feature to chordates, and it is mainly found in the Vertebrata chordate subphylum. The dorsal ... In vertebrates, the dorsal nerve cord is modified into the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. ...
Kleene, S.C.: Representation of events in nerve nets and finite automata. In: Shannon, C.E., McCarthy, J. (eds.) Automata ... ISBN 978-9971-5-0566-0. Stephen Cole Kleene (Dec 1951). Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automate (PDF) ( ...
... activities are coordinated by a decentralized nerve net and simple receptors. Several free-swimming species of Cubozoa and ...
"Album Review: Brian Eno - the Shutov Assembly, Nerve Net, Neroli, the Drop (Expanded editions) / Releases / Releases // Drowned ... Nerve Net/The Shutov Assembly/Neroli/The Drop". Pitchfork. Q (12/92, p. 121) - 3 Stars - Good - "... [an] effortlessly ... "188472-brian-eno-nerve-net-shutov-assembly-neroli-the-drop-reissues, PopMatters". 26 January 2021. " ...
"Free German Youth 1949-1990 (East Germany)". Flagspot.net. Retrieved 9 February 2013. Dirk Jurich, Staatssozialismus und ... nerve centre' in schools, universities, factories, farms, and residential areas. It was responsible for organizing the monthly ...
TheProphetBlog.net said "Like a more top-forty-friendly Santigold, Moxiie's mixed twisted tribal beats, big fat bass, and gory ... featured artist Nerve of The SupaSonic - lyricist GC Castillo - guitarist Great Eclectic - artwork Rattle Brain Productions ...
In 2008, Jones signed with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, but nerve damage caused by a cement truck hitting his left arm kept ... "Nathan Jones « Wrestlers Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net. Retrieved 19 December 2019 ... "Nathan Jones « Wrestlers Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net. Retrieved 19 December 2019 ... "Nathan Jones « Wrestlers Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net. Retrieved 19 December 2019 ...
... www.orpha.net. Retrieved 8 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) "OMIM Entry - # 243605 - STROMME SYNDROME; ... and less commonly there may be twisted retinal blood vessels or optic nerve hypoplasia. The eye anomalies can result in an ...
Ions are also critical for nerve and muscle function, as action potentials in these tissues are produced by the exchange of ... Mandal A (26 November 2009). "What is Anabolism?". News-Medical.net. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 4 ... Measuring versus elapsed time the net rate of heat flow Inborn errors of metabolism - Class of genetic diseases Iron-sulfur ...
"Martin Peters". sporting-heroes.net. Retrieved 18 September 2012. [1]. Everton F.C. Archived 24 September 2010 at the Wayback ... "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release ...
Fall 1996 (140). "Armistead Maupin: Brisbane Writers' Festival - RN Book Show - 23 January 2008". Abc.net.au. 2008-01-23. ... Nerve.com Interview, book reading, and discussion video streams and MP3 download (2006), University of Pennsylvania Interview ...
While larger cetaceans are capable of dragging nets with them, the nets sometimes remain tightly attached to the individual and ... "Stretchy nerves are an essential component of the extreme feeding mechanism of rorqual whales". Current Biology. 25 (9): 360- ... Abandoned or lost nets and lines cause mortality through ingestion or entanglement. Marine mammals also get entangled in ... Fixed and drift gill nets cause the highest mortality levels for both cetaceans and pinnipeds, however, entanglements in long ...
Thus, there is a net export of a single positive charge per pump cycle. The sodium-potassium pump was discovered in 1957 by the ... In fact, all cells expend a large fraction of the ATP they produce (typically 30% and up to 70% in nerve cells) to maintain ... Skou JC (February 1957). "The influence of some cations on an adenosine triphosphatase from peripheral nerves". Biochimica et ... and it has particular significance for excitable cells such as nerve cells, which depend on this pump to respond to stimuli and ...
Lepidopt finally gets up the nerve to "jump" but travels back only two minutes in time; still, this is enough for him to change ... Wagner, Thomas M. (2006). "Three Days to Never". SFReviews.net. Retrieved December 22, 2014. "The Power of Historical Fantasy: ... Wagner of SFReviews.net, praising "Powers' creative brilliance," wrote, "Powers ingeniously imagines a world in which the most ...
Their thorax muscles do not contract on each nerve firing, but rather vibrate like a plucked rubber band. This is efficient, ... "Genus Bombus - Bumble Bees". BugGuide.Net. Retrieved 12 February 2015. Harder, L.D. (1986). "Effects of nectar concentration ... Further, it is necessary, since insect motor nerves generally cannot fire 200 times per second. These types of muscles are ...
... with possible exception of nerves; see nerve damage). After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a ... Thus there is a net increase in cell number as the number of cells that die by apoptosis or senescence remains the same. The ...
O'Loughlin Gaels began the game in determined fashion and there were few signs of early nerves in their first ever game at ... Stephen Murphy was beaten when a long delivery from Alan Kerins dropped short for his brother Mark to flick the ball to the net ...
The nervous system usually consists of a distributed net of cells, although some species possess more organised nerve rings. In ... species lacking nerve rings, the nerve cells are instead concentrated into small structures called rhopalia. There are between ...
"wire-frame • giclée prints". Wire-frame fine art publishing (wire-frame.net). Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. ... ", "Cats' Nerves", "Foxie", "Jackson", "Town-Life", "Nickie", "The Two-Kitten Problem", "Macramé's Lament", "Travelling Cats ...
Nett MP, Collins MS, Sperling JW (May 2008). "Magnetic resonance imaging of acute "wiiitis" of the upper extremity". Skeletal ... This can lead to stress on tendons, nerves, and ligaments in the hands, and further onto lateral epicondylitis ("tennis elbow ... compression of the median nerve at the wrist). Similar injuries can occur with other gaming systems, such as PlayStation thumb ...
The rest of the game was nerve-wracking for both sides. The match stayed 0-0 into the 80th minute, a goal for either side would ... but this was the first time finding the back of the net in any. After that goal it was Union who looked the more likely side to ...
Studies showed that the net reduction of oral bacteria was associated with a decrease in both incidence of aspiration pneumonia ... Neurologic conditions that can directly impact the nerves involved in the swallow mechanism include stroke, neurodegenerative ...
South West Pacific Area OCS, st.net.au; accessed July 4, 2017. Brayton, Tim, Cop Killer, February 8, 2009; retrieved April 30, ... "I have a little difficulty fingering the sax because of nerve damage caused by an old bullet wound." Walker was reportedly well ... His criminal spree eventually totaled more than a dozen armed robberies, safecracking, and burglaries, netting him a sum of ...
The Slime's popularity has netted it the Slime spin-off series on handheld consoles. Erdrick, known as Loto (ロト, Roto) in ... nerves if the tempo isn't right." He believes players should be able to control the game unconsciously, which is not easy to ... Jeremy Parish (August 21, 2013). "The New Dark Age of Dragon Quest". US Gamer.net. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ...
ISBN 978-0-307-74383-1 "Poets". Net.lib.byu.edu. Retrieved 28 April 2013. "World War I poets". Net Library BYU. Retrieved 10 ... It just suits my stolid health and stolid nerves and barbaric disposition. The fighting-excitement vitalizes everything, every ...
"Every ARIA Top 100 Single in 1989". Top100singles.net. Retrieved October 11, 2021. RPM Vol 23 #8 (19 April 1975) "RPM Top ... the Nerve". In addition, the concert featured performances by Jewel, Joel Grey, Roger Daltrey, and Jackson Browne, among others ... "Every AMR Top 100 Single in 1975". Top100singles.net. Retrieved October 11, 2021. " ...
American nerve gas weapons were accidentally released from their containers by a crew of U.S. Air Force members at Kadena Air ... Aviation-safety.net. "Pilot, co-pilot live but crash kills 39", Ottawa Citizen, July 28, 1969, p10 "5,000 Welcome Isolated ... Despite attempts by the military to keep the incident secret (including plans to dump the damaged nerve gas containers into the ... The mishap, which injured 23 troops and a civilian, involved either VX or Sarin, both nerve agents. Henry Kissinger, the ...
Nerves Fray Over New French Open Stadium Plans (22 May 2015). New York Times archive. Retrieved 11 June 2015. Roland-Garros : A ... "French Open lights up as another tradition dies". tennishead.net. 21 September 2020. Christopher Clarey (27 September 2020). " ...
They also have a simple nervous system that consist of a nerve net that covers the entire body. Although Hydra are sessile, ...
"GP Answers Your Questions: Part 11". www.grahamparker.net. Retrieved 30 June 2020. "Graham Parker - Chart history , Billboard ... "Steady Nerves - Graham Parker & the Shot , Songs, Reviews, Credits , AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 16 January 2017. "'NERVES' ... Steady Nerves is a 1985 album by Graham Parker and the Shot. The album was produced by William Wittman, who Parker's record ...
The ventral nerve cord (formed by nerve cells and nerve fibers) begins at the sub-pharyngeal ganglia and extends below the ... annelida.net. Retrieved May 15, 2012. "Earthworms". Earthworms.elte.hu. Retrieved 19 March 2022. [ref Blakemore (2016) ... Eight to ten nerves arise from the cerebral ganglia to supply the prostomium, buccal chamber and pharynx. Three pairs of nerves ... A plexus is a web of connected nerve cells.) The nerves that run along the body wall pass between the outer circular and inner ...
127-. ISBN 978-0-7864-3503-6. "Sunstorm / Arthur C. Clarke & Stephen Baxter ☆☆☆½". Sf Reviews.Net. Archived from the original ... "A Complete, Kind of Depressing History of Fictional Female Presidents". Nerve. Archived from the original on 2016-11-19. ... Website designed and created by Rob Caswell Visual Design: www.robcaswell.net. "Bibliography". Allen Steele. Archived from the ...
For example, bacteria are surrounded by a thick cell wall made of a net-like polymer called peptidoglycan. Many antibiotics ... It is essential to nerve cell function through its mechanism of breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into its ... and are used as nerve agents in chemical warfare. Enzyme inhibition is a common feature of metabolic pathway control in cells. ...
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Shes not entirely sure what the problem is, but shes going to treat it as a radial nerve problem and that seems to be working ... Caption: Front of right upper extremity, showing surface markings for bones, arteries, and nerves. ... Caption: Back of right upper extremity, showing surface markings for bones and nerves. ...
... a mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and ... ... The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the ... SpellChecker.net, Inc., 2720 3rd Ave #1004, Seattle, WA 98121, United States. © 2012-2022 SpellChecker.net, Inc. ... a mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal ...
Gerwinn, S.; Macke, J.; Seeger, M.; Bethge, M.: Bayesian Inference for Spiking Neuron Models with a Sparsity Prior. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 20: 21st Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2007, pp. 529 - 536 (Eds. Platt, C.; Koller, D.; Singer, Y.; Roweis, S.). Twenty-First Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2007), Vancouver, BC, Canada, December 03, 2007 - December 06, 2007. Curran, Red Hook, NY, USA (2008 ...
The moderator, and author of this site was and is Alex rubli ([email protected]net). ... Welcome to the legacy nervenet site, This was the home of the nervenet discussion board, which was active between 1992 and 2013 ... Brian Eno came to my home city, Mexico City, in 2010, and the nervenet pages were a source of information of such visit. I am ...
Stylotone, The Bernard Herrmann Estate, and Quentin Tarantino teamed up for the Release of Twisted Nerve OST And it looks and ... Sandro Forte for Cinetalk.net It was worth the wait. ... 2022 Cinetalk.net. Create a free website or blog at WordPress. ... Twisted Nerve - Soundtrack (Bernard Herrmann). Date: August 24, 2016Author: Sandro Forte 0 Comments ... 1) after taking it from the obscure 60s Brit Psycho thriller Twisted Nerve, it was exposed to a new audience. ...
Nerve-wracking third qualifying - updated. Friday June 14th, 2019. Saturday June 15th, 2019. Jens Jensen ...
Plants - Neurobiology Analogous to Cnidarian Nerve Nets. Albeit creature neuroscience is a laid out and acknowledged reality, ... Truly, plants have neurobiology undifferentiated from cnidarian nerve nets, in which the presence of a cerebrum or focal ... in which upgrades is conveyed through a nerve organization or web of interconnecting neurons. Neither have a cerebrum however a ...
Device for at-home Vagus Nerve Stimulation w/o Prescription. Improve Your Vagal Tone in 14 Days. ... Do you really need a stimulator for your vagus nerve? There are so many natural ways to stimulate. But in its favour, its a ... tVNS Stimulator - Vagus Nerve Stimulation Device Reviews. Testimonials & reviews from just some of the thousands of happy Vagus ... Calm Nerves. Rebalance an overactive sympathetic nervousness by activating the parasympathetic response. ...
Neuropathic pain may be caused by nerve damage due to inflammation, metabolic conditions , infections , trauma, toxins, and ... There are basically three types of nerves: autonomic nerves, motor nerves and sensory nerves. Autonomic nerves are involved in ... Any kind of nerve compression may result in nerve damage. This may include pinched nerve, crush injury, carpal tunnel, etc. ... nerves control the voluntary function and sensory nerves maintain communication between the autonomic nerves and motor nerves. ...
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Nerve Net - Reissue. All Saints. * 2xLP. £18.99 Cat Number. WAST031LP. Release date. 27 Nov 20. Includes MP3 Download Code.. ...
Kwarteng seeks to calm City nerves after IMF slams UK mini-budget. Kwasi Kwarteng will step up efforts to reassure the City - ...
1 single hypopigmented lesio 1 thick nerve 2 drug packet (image given) Packet A- with 2 drug Packet B- With 3 drug Options ... www.MedicalTalk.Net the Best Medical Forum for Medical Students and Doctors Worldwide. 1 single hypopigmented lesio 1 thick ...
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A former Russian spy and his daughter found critically ill on a bench in an English town were poisoned with nerve gas in a ... abc.net.au/news/russian-ex-spy-and-daughter-poisoned-with-nerve-agent-uk-police/9526192 ... Police believe a nerve agent was used to deliberately poison a former Russian double agent and his daughter, Britains top ... Sergei Skripal: Russian ex-spy and daughter poisoned with nerve agent, British police say. Posted. Wed 7 Mar 2018 at 7:17pm. ...
Nerve excitability test (NET). *. This test compares current thresholds required to elicit minimal muscle contraction on the ... Surgical exposure of the facial nerve, hypoglossal nerve, and great auricular nerve. Image courtesy of A.D. Bruns. ... The great auricular nerve graft is sutured to the proximal portion of the facial nerve and to a partial sectioned hypoglossal ... May M, Schaitkin BM, Shapiro A. Facial nerve disorders in newborns and children. May M, Schaitkin BM. The Facial Nerve. 2nd. ...
Kleene, Stephen C. (1951). Shannon, Claude E.; McCarthy, John (eds.). Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite ... Liger, François; McQueen, Craig; Wilton, Paul (2002). Visual Basic .NET Text Manipulation Handbook. Wrox Press. ISBN 978-1- ... "Vimdoc.sourceforge.net. Archived from the original on 2020-10-07. Retrieved 2013-09-25.. ... Microsofts .NET Framework, and XML Schema. Some languages and tools such as Boost and PHP support multiple regex flavors. Perl ...
Learn about Vagus Nerve Stimulation, a medical treatment for severe and treatment-resistant depression. ... Health On the Net Foundation. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. ... Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was originally used for hard to treat epilepsy. In 2005, the FDA approved a VNS device to treat ... Suggested Reading: Out of the Black Hole: The Patients Guide to Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Depression by Charles E., III ...
Album: Nerve Net / Original Release Date: 1992. Genre: Electronic. Song Duration: 3 min 52 sec ...
It was replaced by Nerve Net. In a short while, Eno released The Shutov Assembly. He kept working in several directions at a ...
Nerve Net. 1. 2020. 2148. 0.090. Why? Mice. 7. 2022. 80723. 0.090. Why? ...
A double-blind placebo clinical trial of a vagus nerve stimulator called NET-1 demonstrated significant reduction in the ... The device has since been improved and modified and is now called NET-1000. Both the NET-1000 and a NET-3000 device are ... Like NERVANA, NEMOS stimulates the vagus nerve through the ear, where a branch of the nerve surfaces in front of the ear canals ... overlap with the vagus nerves path. So weve been stimulating the vagus nerve without actually naming it for centuries-often ...
Sequential actions of beta-catenin and Bmp pattern the oral nerve net in Nematostella vectensis. Nat. Commun. 5, 5536 (2014). ... j-l, High-magnification view of VWYa+ (j), WTGa+ (k) and NPWa+ (l) neurons at the nerve plexuses beneath comb rows. m, Aboral ... In addition to the SNN, neurons expressing these neuropeptides developed the nerve plexus beneath each comb row in B. mikado. ... f, Distribution of VWYa positive neural net-like structures (green) and phalloidin positive protrusions (magenta) on the aboral ...
After that I hung up thinking: wow, what nerve. __________________. --. Visit http://www.KeithLoh.com , stuff about living in ... You are here: DV Info Net , And Now, For Something Completely Different... , Taking Care of Business ... DV Info Net , And Now, For Something Completely Different... , Taking Care of Business ... DV Info Net refers all where-to-buy and where-to-rent questions exclusively to these trusted full line dealers and rental ...
nerve *grey matter *nucleus *ganglionNeurophysiology *Resting membrane potential *Polarized *Membrane potential = Volt *resting ... nerve fiber *axon hillock *telodendrion, terminal branches *Pathway Overview *Sensation (afferent) neuron *action potential * ...
3. The distance of spread of nerve net activity is not limited by the number of stimuli applied. 4. The nerve net controls fast ... Pennatula phosphorea and Virgularia mirabilis each have a through-conducting nerve net. The nerve net demonstrated ... 5. The nerve net is spontaneously active. 6. A previously undescirbed slow system has been identified in Pennatula. It has ...
  • Brian Eno came to my home city, Mexico City, in 2010, and the nervenet pages were a source of information of such visit. (rubli.net)
  • Cranial involvement can be isolated or diffuse including all cranial nerves. (entcase.net)
  • He also worked closely with Dr. Peter Jannetta during Dr. Jennettas early research on vascular compression of the cranial nerves as a cause of trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. (infiniteunknown.net)
  • That's true, but really, it's not the sciatic nerve that's impinged or compressed as the term would suggest, says McCormick. (healthybackclub.net)
  • Its actually one or more spinal nerve roots in the lumbar spine, distributing through the sciatic nerve . (healthybackclub.net)
  • Treatment and Outcome -Exploratory surgery revealed an 80-mm-long gap in both the peroneal and tibial branches of the right sciatic nerve. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Welcome to the legacy nervenet site, This was the home of the nervenet discussion board, which was active between 1992 and 2013, when social media swept with all old formats of then, now vintage internet. (rubli.net)
  • if nerve conduction is degenerated, response is absent. (medscape.com)
  • CTS case definition required both characteristic symptoms and abnormal median nerve conduction. (cdc.gov)
  • A study by Ito et al indicated that in patients with type 2 diabetes, the presence of reduced peripheral nerve conduction velocity is associated with the existence of early diabetic retinopathy. (medscape.com)
  • This is very integral for glucose metabolism and the features and regrowth of nerves, bones and muscles. (netdebaito.com)
  • Nerve Control 911 offers leisure to your muscles. (medical-review.net)
  • An EnoG within 48 hours of a congenital traumatic injury typically reveals normal facial nerve function, whereas, in congenital developmental paralysis, the initial EnoG reveals facial nerve function to be absent or weak because of longstanding neural degeneration or nerve absence. (medscape.com)
  • If it perturbs artificial neural nets why not meat ones? (jwz.org)
  • En los invertebrados, por ejemplo, la red neural permite que los impulsos nerviosos se extiendan por un área amplia de la red dado que las sinapsis pueden transmitir información en cualquier dirección. (bvsalud.org)
  • Neural tissue engineering holds great promise in repairing damaged nerve tissues. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Therefore, modulating cell-cell interactions through cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) such as cadherins, neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) and L1, may be a potential alternative to improve nerve regeneration. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • What is Vagus Nerve Stimulation? (healthyplace.com)
  • Learn about Vagus Nerve Stimulation, a medical treatment for severe and treatment-resistant depression. (healthyplace.com)
  • Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was originally used for hard to treat epilepsy. (healthyplace.com)
  • Cartledge's invention is just one of a new wave of vagus nerve stimulators currently being studied or already in use, offering a variety of applications across a diverse range of ailments, from autoimmune diseases and depression to epilepsy and digestive disorders like Crohn's . (good.is)
  • Vagus in Latin means wandering , and that's exactly what the vagus nerve does as it passes through the major organs. (good.is)
  • Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been associated with many benefits, such as improved memory , immune function , sleep, and mood , as well as higher levels of growth hormone . (good.is)
  • There are over 30 clinical trials underway on the vagus nerve, many of which are testing for the success or failure of noninvasive stimulation gadgets like the NERVANA. (good.is)
  • An implantable device that stimulates the vagus nerve has been shown to improve rheumatoid arthritis, a painful autoimmune disease in which inflammation damages joints. (good.is)
  • Several patients that had failed to respond to multiple medications had a strong response to the vagus nerve stimulator. (good.is)
  • This is more than a vagus nerve story, more than a TNF story, and even more than a rheumatoid arthritis story," says one of the study's authors, Kevin Tracey, M.D. of the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in Long Island. (good.is)
  • Like NERVANA, NEMOS stimulates the vagus nerve through the ear, where a branch of the nerve surfaces in front of the ear canals. (good.is)
  • The sensory portion of the cutaneous saphenous nerve is a potential source of peripheral nerve for grafting in dogs. (bris.ac.uk)
  • All participants reported using peripheral nerve stimulators and/or clinical assessment such as head tilt, spontaneous breathing, etc. as their usual method for assessment of neuromuscular blockade, as well as all having had an episode with a patient experiencing residual neuromuscular blockade. (ecu.edu)
  • All the photos from my Earth Nerve Net series were taken with my mobile phone. (marinakanavaki.com)
  • Every evening, when it's time to kick back after a busy day seeing patients, pain management physician Daniel Cartledge of Delray Beach, Florida, relaxes in a comfortable club chair and turns on his NERVANA, a device with earbuds that's both a music player and a transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulator. (good.is)
  • Each drug fulfilled a different purpose, including tamping down inflammation, inhibiting the production of collagen which would lead to scarring, and encouraging the new growth of nerve fibers, blood vessels, and muscle. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Biomarkers derived from NET of large sensory and motor fibers and small sensory fibers using perception threshold tracking will be obtained before and three times after administration of three medications known to act on the nociceptive system (lacosamide, pregabalin, tapentadol) and placebo, given as a single oral dose with at least 1 week apart. (bvsalud.org)
  • The cold sore virus travels down your nerve fibers to the surface. (comixme.net)
  • These results support the hypothesis that during or shortly after a damaging exposure, endolymph entered the OC & injured additional hair cells, supporting cells & nerve fibers. (cdc.gov)
  • Plants and cnidarians for example anemones, hydra, jellyfish have comparable to sensory systems, in which upgrades is conveyed through a nerve organization or web of interconnecting neurons. (taborhousect.org)
  • It additionally regulates the increase of the nerves and helps in the survival of the neurons. (netdebaito.com)
  • It protects the motor neurons and peripheral nerves via casting off toxins and stimulants that purpose ache and pain in the nerves. (netdebaito.com)
  • Afterwards,the trains of spikes of different neurons were added up,simulating the activity of a sensory nerve. (who.int)
  • In the case of MS, the immune system attacks the protective linings of the nerves, called myelin. (healthyhearingclub.net)
  • Demyelination refers to the process of ones autoimmune system wearing away at the fatty protective sheathing, called myelin , surrounding one's nerves. (healthyhearingclub.net)
  • Lesions caused by myelin loss of the auditory nerve , or in closely related pathways, may also cause tinnitus. (healthyhearingclub.net)
  • Nerve Rejuv is a potent blend of vitamins, herbs, flowers, roots, and amino acids that can strengthen your nerve health from the roots and ensure you have the best nervous system. (netdebaito.com)
  • This study focusses on biomarkers derived from nerve excitability testing (NET) using threshold tracking of the peripheral nervous system. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, despite the promising results in regenerating the injured nervous system, tissue engineering approaches are still insufficient to result in full functional recovery in severe nerve damages. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • The net effect of less ATIC was reduced formation of scar tissue in animal models of both atherosclerosis and restenosis, or re-narrowing of blood vessels, including buildup inside the stents themselves, that can occur after procedures like angioplasty to open clogged vessels and placement of stents to help keep them open. (loire-net.tv)
  • Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which leads over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. (who.int)
  • In these infants with complete nerve facial palsy, an investigation for chromosome 22q11 deletions is recommended. (medscape.com)
  • [ 39 ] However, congenital bilateral facial nerve palsy is usually accompanied by other congenital disorders that can be identified. (medscape.com)
  • Associated anomalies of the external ear, middle ear, inner ear, mandible, and the vertical portion of the facial nerve would suggest a developmental etiology of the paralysis. (medscape.com)
  • Electrophysiology tests of facial nerve function can be useful to determine the extent of nerve disruption and to assist with future surgical planning. (medscape.com)
  • Originating in the brain stem and extending all the way down to the colon, the nerve regulates many important bodily functions. (good.is)
  • Artificial Intelligence for Screening of Multiple Retinal and Optic Nerve Diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Truly, plants have neurobiology undifferentiated from cnidarian nerve nets, in which the presence of a cerebrum or focal sensory system is certainly not an essential. (taborhousect.org)
  • Motor and sensory NET will be assessed on the right wrist in a non-sensitized normal condition while perception threshold tracking will be performed bilaterally on both non-sensitized and sensitized forearm skin. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is made to deal with nerve ache and all the soreness related with nerve pain. (netdebaito.com)
  • Without Vitamin D, you would experience extra ache related with arthritis, osteoarthritis and nerve pain. (netdebaito.com)
  • It is a medicinal plant used for a long time now to calm the nerve ache precipitated due to arthritis, dental cavities and surgical procedures and migraines. (netdebaito.com)
  • It is even used to deal with positive nerve damages that are regularly brought about due to toxins and free radicals. (netdebaito.com)
  • Muscle & Nerve 19(2): 140-146. (umich.edu)
  • This relaxes each the nerves and muscle mass and cuts down the pain. (medical-review.net)
  • We specialize in treating muscle, nerve and bone irregularities by utilizing Chiropractic, Physical Medicine, Nutrition and Exercise. (drdavidramsey.com)
  • A meshlike structure composed of interconnecting nerve cells that are separated at the synaptic junction or joined to one another by cytoplasmic processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • They inhibit specific transporters responsible for reuptake of biogenic amines from the synaptic nerve ending and presynaptic vesicles. (medscape.com)
  • LONGL-Net: temporal correlation structure guided deep learning model to predict longitudinal age-related macular degeneration severity. (cdc.gov)
  • This test is similar to NET but uses maximal stimulation. (medscape.com)
  • DISCUSSION: Measurements of NET using threshold tracking protocols are sensitive to membrane potential at the site of stimulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • I believe that the dual stimulation of the occipital and supraorbital nerve has good results for treating chronic primary headache," said Dr. Hann. (medscape.com)
  • Police believe a nerve agent was used to deliberately poison a former Russian double agent and his daughter, Britain's top counter-terrorism officer says, in a case that threatens to further damage London's ties with Moscow. (abc.net.au)
  • Hearing problems are an uncommon but possible complication of MS, occurring in roughly 6% of people with MS. They may result from damage to the hearing nerve pathways present in the brain and brainstem. (healthyhearingclub.net)
  • These lesions cause nerve damage that can hinder or confuse the electrical messages sent from the nerves to the brain, which can result in tinnitus. (healthyhearingclub.net)
  • Nerve Control 911 is a herbal remedy to your infection and reverse fearful device damage. (medical-review.net)
  • Antacids May Be Causing Massive Nerve Damage! (refluxremedy.com)
  • Results of electromyographic testing were consistent with a severe lesion of the tibial and peroneal nerves at the level of the stifle joint. (bris.ac.uk)
  • It helps in the synthesis of neuronal lipids and regeneration of axonal nerves. (netdebaito.com)
  • It is said to have amazing properties of an amino acid that helps in nerve regeneration and reduces diabetes-induced neuropathy pain. (netdebaito.com)
  • As another important component in nerve tissues, the potential of modulating cell-cell interactions as a strategy to promote regeneration has been overlooked. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Following that, we will discuss existing tissue engineering approaches that utilize CAMs and biomaterials to control nerve regeneration. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Overall, we propose that utilizing CAMs with biomaterials may be a promising therapeutic strategy for nerve regeneration. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • It has antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial homes that can soothe and calm nerve pain. (netdebaito.com)
  • One might wonder, how does a device that stimulates a nerve manage to treat an autoimmune disease? (good.is)
  • It is often used to help diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic (long-lasting) autoimmune disorder that attacks the outside covering of your nerves. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anti-inflammatory or numbing injections for certain types of back pain that radiates or travels due to nerve compression or irritation. (healthybackclub.net)
  • It receives rid of irritation and nerve pain. (medical-review.net)
  • Clinical Findings -Neurologic examination revealed monoplegia and anesthesia of the right hind limb distal to the stifle (femorotibial) joint except for the area supplied by the cutaneous saphenous nerve. (bris.ac.uk)
  • quote position='left' is_quote='true']Our nerves speak an electrical language, and they use that language to talk directly to cells. (good.is)
  • COLD SORE STAGES: # 3 - INFLAMMATION Your cold sore virus has now arrived at the surface and begins it's reproductive cycle by entering the cells at the end of the nerve. (comixme.net)
  • It allows you to bend, twist, stand tall, and move smoothly, and it houses and protects some of the most important nerves in your body. (healthybackclub.net)
  • An implantable device that stimulates the nerve has been shown to help prevent or reduce epileptic seizures , reduced by up to 40 percent, allowing patients to reduce their medication dosages. (good.is)
  • The ingredients present in Nerve Control 911 are also popular for managing blood pressure. (medical-review.net)
  • What are the Ingredients used in Nerve Control 911? (medical-review.net)
  • More plainly, the earbuds send gentle electrical pulses, synced with the listener's playlist of choice, through the ear to one of the most critical regulatory nerves in the body. (good.is)
  • There was only one man who made every nerve in her body and brain light up when he walked into a room. (fwiwreviews.net)
  • Multilocus sequence typing ( http://ssuis.mlst.net ) identified this isolate as sequence type (ST) 3. (cdc.gov)
  • Another attendee asked whether the researchers had tried simulating the 2 nerves separately to see whether 1 worked better than the other. (medscape.com)
  • For example, a herniated disc may push against a nerve root, which can send neuropathic pain signals to the brain. (healthybackclub.net)
  • Over time, the herniated disc may stop compressing the nerve, but the nerve tissue can become damaged and continue to send faulty pain signals to the brain. (healthybackclub.net)
  • It numbs pain and aches caused by extremely sensitive nerves. (netdebaito.com)
  • Passion Flower Extract can also be used to improve diabetes-induced nerve pain. (netdebaito.com)
  • It treats your restlessness and sleeplessness that is again caused by nerve pain. (netdebaito.com)
  • The major benefit of Nerve Control 911 is to take manage of the nerve pain. (medical-review.net)
  • This Supplement is a established remedy for nerve pain, frightened tension, and anxiety. (medical-review.net)
  • In previous studies in which just the occipital nerve was stimulated, only about a third of patients have reported at least a 50% reduction in pain, she said. (medscape.com)
  • She and her colleagues reasoned that some migraine pain may originate from the front as well as the back of the patients' heads, so they tried stimulating the supraorbital nerve as well. (medscape.com)
  • In invertebrates, for example, the nerve net allows nerve impulses to spread over a wide area of the net because synapses can pass information in any direction. (bvsalud.org)
  • We offer a large rehab area with a net for sports teams to optimize their potential. (drdavidramsey.com)
  • Your cold sore virus is now retreating back to the nerve ganglia area where it will sleep until the next opportunity. (comixme.net)
  • They understand the impact a pinched nerve can have on your life, and offer effective treatment for conditions of the spine. (healthybackclub.net)
  • ALA or Alpha Lipoic Acid can raise your metabolism in a special way to enhance diabetes, cholesterol, and different Genius and nerve conditions. (netdebaito.com)
  • News-Medical.Net provides this medical information service in accordance with these terms and conditions . (news-medical.net)
  • Remaining treatment arm effects on key NET outcomes and PK modelling are other prespecified secondary or exploratory analyses. (bvsalud.org)
  • After Enhance Your Appearance With These Helpful Magnificence Suggestions , nerve-racking day, it may be tempting to just slip into mattress with out taking the time to remove your make-up. (wikidot.com)
  • Within simply 60 days, Nerve Rejuve by Golden After 50 ensures that you will be in a position to lead a everyday existence except any discomfort. (netdebaito.com)
  • Nerve Rejuv Reviews - Nerve Rejuv is an all-natural dietary supplement that is designed for nerve health support. (netdebaito.com)
  • Nerve Rejuv is an amazing dietary supplement made by Golden After 50. (netdebaito.com)
  • An MRI study provides better definition of the nerve and the surrounding soft tissue. (medscape.com)
  • SAN FRANCISCO - Stimulating both the occipital and supraorbital nerves provides better relief of chronic migraine than stimulating only the occipital nerve, a new study shows. (medscape.com)