Nerve injury peripheral nerve injuries. Medical search

Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

Disease or damage involving the SCIATIC NERVE, which divides into the PERONEAL NERVE and TIBIAL NERVE (see also PERONEAL NEUROPATHIES and TIBIAL NEUROPATHY). Clinical manifestations may include SCIATICA or pain localized to the hip, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of posterior thigh muscles and muscles innervated by the peroneal and tibial nerves, and sensory loss involving the lateral and posterior thigh, posterior and lateral leg, and sole of the foot. The sciatic nerve may be affected by trauma; ISCHEMIA; COLLAGEN DISEASES; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1363)

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.

The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included.

Treatment of muscles and nerves under pressure as a result of crush injuries.

Traumatic injuries to the facial nerve. This may result in FACIAL PARALYSIS, decreased lacrimation and salivation, and loss of taste sensation in the anterior tongue. The nerve may regenerate and reform its original pattern of innervation, or regenerate aberrantly, resulting in inappropriate lacrimation in response to gustatory stimuli (e.g., "crocodile tears") and other syndromes.

Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.

Traumatic injuries to the HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE.

Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. Penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; NECK INJURIES; and trauma to the facial region are conditions associated with cranial nerve injuries.

Transection or severing of an axon. This type of denervation is used often in experimental studies on neuronal physiology and neuronal death or survival, toward an understanding of nervous system disease.

Injuries to the optic nerve induced by a trauma to the face or head. These may occur with closed or penetrating injuries. Relatively minor compression of the superior aspect of orbit may also result in trauma to the optic nerve. Clinical manifestations may include visual loss, PAPILLEDEMA, and an afferent pupillary defect.

An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.

Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures.

Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.

Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain.

Neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons.

A tumor made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

Traumatic injuries to the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. It may result in extreme pain, abnormal sensation in the areas the nerve innervates on face, jaw, gums and tongue and can cause difficulties with speech and chewing. It is sometimes associated with various dental treatments.

The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.

Traumatic injuries to the LINGUAL NERVE. It may be a complication following dental treatments.

Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.

The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors.

The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and SALIVARY GLANDS, and convey afferent information for TASTE from the anterior two-thirds of the TONGUE and for TOUCH from the EXTERNAL EAR.

Neurons in the SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN whose cell bodies and processes are confined entirely to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. They receive collateral or direct terminations of dorsal root fibers. They send their axons either directly to ANTERIOR HORN CELLS or to the WHITE MATTER ascending and descending longitudinal fibers.

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).

Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.

Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.

Traumatic injuries to the LARYNGEAL NERVE.

An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.

Neoplasms which arise from nerve sheaths formed by SCHWANN CELLS in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM or by OLIGODENDROCYTES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, NEUROFIBROMA, and NEURILEMMOMA are relatively common tumors in this category.

A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.

Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Amount of stimulation required before the sensation of pain is experienced.

Specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into NERVE IMPULSES to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sometimes sensory receptors for external stimuli are called exteroceptors; for internal stimuli are called interoceptors and proprioceptors.

Disease of the TIBIAL NERVE (also referred to as the posterior tibial nerve). The most commonly associated condition is the TARSAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. However, LEG INJURIES; ISCHEMIA; and inflammatory conditions (e.g., COLLAGEN DISEASES) may also affect the nerve. Clinical features include PARALYSIS of plantar flexion, ankle inversion and toe flexion as well as loss of sensation over the sole of the foot. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p32)

Neoplasms which arise from peripheral nerve tissue. This includes NEUROFIBROMAS; SCHWANNOMAS; GRANULAR CELL TUMORS; and malignant peripheral NERVE SHEATH NEOPLASMS. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp1750-1)

Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.

Increased sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation due to a diminished threshold or an increased response to stimuli.

The lipid-rich sheath surrounding AXONS in both the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myelin sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial cells (SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral and OLIGODENDROGLIA in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in DEMYELINATING DISEASES is a serious clinical problem.

Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.

General or unspecified injuries to the hand.

Surgical reinnervation of a denervated peripheral target using a healthy donor nerve and/or its proximal stump. The direct connection is usually made to a healthy postlesional distal portion of a non-functioning nerve or implanted directly into denervated muscle or insensitive skin. Nerve sprouts will grow from the transferred nerve into the denervated elements and establish contact between them and the neurons that formerly controlled another area.

Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.

Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

The lateral of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal (or fibular) nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to parts of the leg and foot.

Act of eliciting a response from a person or organism through physical contact.

The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling.

Traumatic injuries to the ACCESSORY NERVE. Damage to the nerve may produce weakness in head rotation and shoulder elevation.

A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.

Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

Traumatic injuries to the RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE that may result in vocal cord dysfunction.

Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.

Peripheral AFFERENT NEURONS which are sensitive to injuries or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. Their cell bodies reside in the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA. Their peripheral terminals (NERVE ENDINGS) innervate target tissues and transduce noxious stimuli via axons to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.

Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.

The non-neuronal cells that surround the neuronal cell bodies of the GANGLIA. They are distinguished from the perineuronal satellite oligodendrocytes (OLIGODENDROGLIA) found in the central nervous system.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans the fibers of the radial nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C5 to T1), travel via the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, and supply motor innervation to extensor muscles of the arm and cutaneous sensory fibers to extensor regions of the arm and hand.

The resection or removal of the nerve to an organ or part. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.

An anatomic severity scale based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and developed specifically to score multiple traumatic injuries. It has been used as a predictor of mortality.

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the unmyelinated nerve fibers are small in diameter and usually several are surrounded by a single MYELIN SHEATH. They conduct low-velocity impulses, and represent the majority of peripheral sensory and autonomic fibers, but are also found in the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A widely distributed purinergic P2X receptor subtype that plays a role in pain sensation. P2X4 receptors found on MICROGLIA cells may also play a role in the mediation of allodynia-related NEUROPATHIC PAIN.

Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS, sensory or motor NEURONS. Endings of sensory neurons are the beginnings of afferent pathway to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endings of motor neurons are the terminals of axons at the muscle cells. Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS.

Surgical interruption of a spinal or cranial nerve root. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

NERVE GROWTH FACTOR is the first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence the growth and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. It is comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The beta subunit is responsible for its growth stimulating activity.

A nervous tissue specific protein which is highly expressed in NEURONS during development and NERVE REGENERATION. It has been implicated in neurite outgrowth, long-term potentiation, SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, and NEUROTRANSMITTER release. (From Neurotoxicology 1994;15(1):41-7) It is also a substrate of PROTEIN KINASE C.

The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.

Procedures for enhancing and directing tissue repair and renewal processes, such as BONE REGENERATION; NERVE REGENERATION; etc. They involve surgically implanting growth conducive tracks or conduits (TISSUE SCAFFOLDING) at the damaged site to stimulate and control the location of cell repopulation. The tracks or conduits are made from synthetic and/or natural materials and may include support cells and induction factors for CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; or CELL MIGRATION.

Traumatic injuries to the OLFACTORY NERVE. It may result in various olfactory dysfunction including a complete loss of smell.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

Traumatic injuries to the VAGUS NERVE. Because the vagus nerve innervates multiple organs, injuries in the nerve fibers may result in any gastrointestinal organ dysfunction downstream of the injury site.

The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate from cells of the TRIGEMINAL GANGLION and project to the TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication.

General or unspecified injuries involving the leg.

Disease involving the common PERONEAL NERVE or its branches, the deep and superficial peroneal nerves. Lesions of the deep peroneal nerve are associated with PARALYSIS of dorsiflexion of the ankle and toes and loss of sensation from the web space between the first and second toe. Lesions of the superficial peroneal nerve result in weakness or paralysis of the peroneal muscles (which evert the foot) and loss of sensation over the dorsal and lateral surface of the leg. Traumatic injury to the common peroneal nerve near the head of the FIBULA is a relatively common cause of this condition. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p31)

Damage to any compartment of the lung caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents which characteristically elicit inflammatory reaction. These inflammatory reactions can either be acute and dominated by NEUTROPHILS, or chronic and dominated by LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES.

Differentiated tissue of the central nervous system composed of NERVE CELLS, fibers, DENDRITES, and specialized supporting cells.

An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.

The motor nerve of the diaphragm. The phrenic nerve fibers originate in the cervical spinal column (mostly C4) and travel through the cervical plexus to the diaphragm.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Transference of tissue within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

General or unspecified injuries involving the arm.

A moderately firm, benign, encapsulated tumor resulting from proliferation of SCHWANN CELLS and FIBROBLASTS that includes portions of nerve fibers. The tumors usually develop along peripheral or cranial nerves and are a central feature of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, where they may occur intracranially or involve spinal roots. Pathologic features include fusiform enlargement of the involved nerve. Microscopic examination reveals a disorganized and loose cellular pattern with elongated nuclei intermixed with fibrous strands. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016)

STILBENES with AMIDINES attached.

A branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The mandibular nerve carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication and sensory fibers to the teeth and gingivae, the face in the region of the mandible, and parts of the dura.

Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center.

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.

Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Traumatic injuries to the OCULOMOTOR NERVE. This may result in various eye movement dysfunction.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The act of constricting.

The 11th cranial nerve which originates from NEURONS in the MEDULLA and in the CERVICAL SPINAL CORD. It has a cranial root, which joins the VAGUS NERVE (10th cranial) and sends motor fibers to the muscles of the LARYNX, and a spinal root, which sends motor fibers to the TRAPEZIUS and the sternocleidomastoid muscles.

Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.

A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).

General or unspecified injuries to the neck. It includes injuries to the skin, muscles, and other soft tissues of the neck.

Twelve pairs of nerves that carry general afferent, visceral afferent, special afferent, somatic efferent, and autonomic efferent fibers.

Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The 12th cranial nerve. The hypoglossal nerve originates in the hypoglossal nucleus of the medulla and supplies motor innervation to all of the muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (which is supplied by the vagus). This nerve also contains proprioceptive afferents from the tongue muscles.

General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.

A sensory branch of the MANDIBULAR NERVE, which is part of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The lingual nerve carries general afferent fibers from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the mandibular gingivae.

The intermediate sensory division of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The maxillary nerve carries general afferents from the intermediate region of the face including the lower eyelid, nose and upper lip, the maxillary teeth, and parts of the dura.

Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

GENETIC PHENOMENA characterizing IMMUNITY and the immune response.

Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.

Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

General or unspecified injuries to the chest area.

Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

An intermediate filament protein found only in glial cells or cells of glial origin. MW 51,000.

Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)

An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).

In tissue culture, hairlike projections of neurons stimulated by growth factors and other molecules. These projections may go on to form a branched tree of dendrites or a single axon or they may be reabsorbed at a later stage of development. "Neurite" may refer to any filamentous or pointed outgrowth of an embryonal or tissue-culture neural cell.

Injuries involving the vertebral column.

A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

Injuries caused by impact with a blunt object where there is no penetration of the skin.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.

A sensory branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The ophthalmic nerve carries general afferents from the superficial division of the face including the eyeball, conjunctiva, upper eyelid, upper nose, nasal mucosa, and scalp.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.

Branches of the vagus (tenth cranial) nerve. The recurrent laryngeal nerves originate more caudally than the superior laryngeal nerves and follow different paths on the right and left sides. They carry efferents to all muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid and carry sensory and autonomic fibers to the laryngeal, pharyngeal, tracheal, and cardiac regions.

The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

Injuries to the part of the upper limb of the body between the wrist and elbow.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Area of the parietal lobe concerned with receiving sensations such as movement, pain, pressure, position, temperature, touch, and vibration. It lies posterior to the central sulcus.

General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.

Ion channels that specifically allow the passage of SODIUM ions. A variety of specific sodium channel subtypes are involved in serving specialized functions such as neuronal signaling, CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, and KIDNEY function.

Classification system for assessing impact injury severity developed and published by the American Association for Automotive Medicine. It is the system of choice for coding single injuries and is the foundation for methods assessing multiple injuries or for assessing cumulative effects of more than one injury. These include Maximum AIS (MAIS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and Probability of Death Score (PODS).

Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body.

Diseases of the cervical (and first thoracic) roots, nerve trunks, cords, and peripheral nerve components of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical manifestations include regional pain, PARESTHESIA; MUSCLE WEAKNESS, and decreased sensation (HYPESTHESIA) in the upper extremity. These disorders may be associated with trauma (including BIRTH INJURIES); THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME; NEOPLASMS; NEURITIS; RADIOTHERAPY; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1351-2)

Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.

A protein that accounts for more than half of the peripheral nervous system myelin protein. The extracellular domain of this protein is believed to engage in adhesive interactions and thus hold the myelin membrane compact. It can behave as a homophilic adhesion molecule through interactions with its extracellular domains. (From J Cell Biol 1994;126(4):1089-97)

Injuries to blood vessels caused by laceration, contusion, puncture, or crush and other types of injuries. Symptoms vary by site and mode of injuries and may include bleeding, bruising, swelling, pain, and numbness. It does not include injuries secondary to pathologic function or diseases such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors found on both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes where they signal through Gi-Go G-PROTEINS. While postsynaptic alpha-2 receptors play a traditional role in mediating the effects of ADRENERGIC AGONISTS, the subset of alpha-2 receptors found on presynaptic membranes signal the feedback inhibition of NEUROTRANSMITTER release.

General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.

Severe or complete loss of facial muscle motor function. This condition may result from central or peripheral lesions. Damage to CNS motor pathways from the cerebral cortex to the facial nuclei in the pons leads to facial weakness that generally spares the forehead muscles. FACIAL NERVE DISEASES generally results in generalized hemifacial weakness. NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause facial paralysis or paresis.

Pathologic changes that occur in the axon and cell body of a neuron proximal to an axonal lesion. The process is characterized by central chromatolysis which features flattening and displacement of the nucleus, loss of Nissl bodies, and cellular edema. Central chromatolysis primarily occurs in lower motor neurons.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

General or unspecified injuries to the heart.

The cochlear part of the 8th cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE). The cochlear nerve fibers originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project peripherally to cochlear hair cells and centrally to the cochlear nuclei (COCHLEAR NUCLEUS) of the BRAIN STEM. They mediate the sense of hearing.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Cell surface receptors that bind NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; (NGF) and a NGF-related family of neurotrophic factors that includes neurotrophins, BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR and CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR.

General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers.

The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses. The lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia.

The 9th cranial nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve; it conveys somatic and autonomic efferents as well as general, special, and visceral afferents. Among the connections are motor fibers to the stylopharyngeus muscle, parasympathetic fibers to the parotid glands, general and taste afferents from the posterior third of the tongue, the nasopharynx, and the palate, and afferents from baroreceptors and CHEMORECEPTOR CELLS of the carotid sinus.

An activating transcription factor that plays a key role in cellular responses to GENOTOXIC STRESS and OXIDATIVE STRESS.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.

Traumatic injuries to the cranium where the integrity of the skull is not compromised and no bone fragments or other objects penetrate the skull and dura mater. This frequently results in mechanical injury being transmitted to intracranial structures which may produce traumatic brain injuries, hemorrhage, or cranial nerve injury. (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p417)

Injuries of tissue other than bone. The concept is usually general and does not customarily refer to internal organs or viscera. It is meaningful with reference to regions or organs where soft tissue (muscle, fat, skin) should be differentiated from bones or bone tissue, as "soft tissue injuries of the hand".

Diseases of the trigeminal nerve or its nuclei, which are located in the pons and medulla. The nerve is composed of three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which provide sensory innervation to structures of the face, sinuses, and portions of the cranial vault. The mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication. Clinical features include loss of facial and intra-oral sensation and weakness of jaw closure. Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA.

Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A relatively common sequela of blunt head injury, characterized by a global disruption of axons throughout the brain. Associated clinical features may include NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; DEMENTIA; and other disorders.

General or unspecified injuries to the posterior part of the trunk. It includes injuries to the muscles of the back.

Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.

Accidents on streets, roads, and highways involving drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or vehicles. Traffic accidents refer to AUTOMOBILES (passenger cars, buses, and trucks), BICYCLING, and MOTORCYCLES but not OFF-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES; RAILROADS nor snowmobiles.

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS. Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, pG3)

The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment.

A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)

Injuries associated with malpositioning commonly affect the brachial plexus nerves, rather than other peripheral nerve groups. ... Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury. Retrieved 12/2/15. Check date values in: ,access-date= (help) Cunnane, ... the axillary nerve, the radial nerve, the median nerve, and the ulnar nerve. Due to both emerging from the lateral cord the ... Brachial plexus injuries are injuries that affect the nerves that carry signals from the spine to the shoulder. This can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial_plexus

"Three types of nerve injury" (1943) Brain. 66(4);237-288 doi:10.1093/brain/66.4.237 Peripheral nerve injuries. Medical Research ... The Nerve Clinic. "Classification of peripheral nerve injuries". www.nerveclinic.co.uk. Retrieved 6 January 2019. Seddon, H. J ... He established the Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit at Oxford and headed this for the duration of his time in Oxford. This unit ... Peripheral nerve injuries.(1954). London: H.M. Stationery Office Seddon, Sir Herbert Seddon: Notes on Sir Winston S Churchill ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Seddon

Burnett (2004). "Pathophysiology of peripheral nerve injury: a brief review". Neurosurgical Focus. 16 (5): E1. doi:10.3171/foc. ... Sunderland (1951). "A classification of peripheral nerve injuries producing loss of function". Brain. 74 (4): 491-516. doi: ... "Three Types of Nerve Injury". Brain. 66 (4): 238-288. doi:10.1093/brain/66.4.237. Savastano (2014). "Sciatic nerve injury: A ... Sunderland (1968). Nerves and Nerve Injuries. Edinburgh & London: Livingstone. p. 180. Zhou (2003). "Cryoanalgesia: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoneurolysis

ISBN 978-0-387-76599-0. Russell, Stephen M. (2006). "Radial Tunnel Syndrome". Examination of peripheral nerve injuries: an ... since the posterior interosseous nerve mainly affects motor function. This problem is often caused by: bone tumors, injury ( ... The term "radial tunnel syndrome" is used for compression of the posterior interosseous nerve, a division of the radial nerve, ... Nerve and Vascular Injuries in Sports Medicine. Berlin: Springer. pp. 79-80. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_tunnel_syndrome

Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury. 9 (1): 1. doi:10.1186/1749-7221-9-1. PMC 3896705. PMID 24410760.[ ... lumbar plexus sacral plexus pudendal plexus Injuries to the lumbosacral plexus are predominantly witnessed as bone injuries. ... The anterior divisions of the lumbar nerves, sacral nerves, and coccygeal nerve form the lumbosacral plexus, the first lumbar ... Lumbosacral trunk and sacral plexus palsies are common injury patterns. This article incorporates text in the public domain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbosacral_plexus

Krivickas, Lisa S.; Wilbourn, Asa J. (2000). "Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Athletes: A Case Series of Over 200 Injuries". ... "Biceps Tendon Injuries". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 2020-02-28.. *^ "Torn Bicep Injury: Types, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment ... There are other injuries caused by biceps curls, such as the Ulnar neuropathies, which lead to ulnar nerve conduction slowing ... Injuries could have occurred due to incorrect form, careless mistakes and ego lifting. The most common injury caused by biceps ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps_curl

... response after neurological trauma also points to initial stimulation of nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. ... Epo has a favorable response in brain and spinal cord injuries like mechanical trauma or subarachnoid hemorrhages. Research ... and at increased levels in Schwann cells after peripheral nerve injury. The distribution of EpoR was different from Epo, ... it is apparent that erythropoietin has anti-apoptotic action after central and peripheral nerve injury. Cross-talk between JAK2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythropoietin_in_neuroprotection

"Clinical aspects of ballistic peripheral nerve injury: shrapnel versus gunshot". Acta Neurochirurgica. 156 (8): 1567-1575. doi: ... He pioneered the use of the laser therapy for the treatment of injuries in the peripheral nervous system. Currently he ... In 2001 Rochkind had founded and headed the Division for Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction and the Research Center for Nerve ... for Reconstruction of Severely Injured Peripheral Nerve and Spinal Cord. The "Matrix" is a special milieu that increases nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Rochkind

Peripheral Nerve Surgery - Part I: Sciatic Nerve; Management of typical peripheral nerve injury case of WW II; follow-up ... The Diagnosis of Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Significant clinical findings of 12 cases of various nerve injuries (16 min; color ... Method of Repair of Posterior Tibial Nerve; Repairing long defects in peripheral nerve; bridging large gap in tibial nerve by ... Peripheral Nerve Injuries (16 min). PMF 5054 - PMF 5055 - PMF 5056 (1947) - Therapeutic Exercise, Thoracic Surgery; Physical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_Medical_Film

McLachlan, EM; Jänig, W; Devor, M; Michaelis, M (1993). "Peripheral nerve injury triggers noradrenergic sprouting within dorsal ... particularly injuries to peripheral nerves and the spinal cord. McLachlan was born in Bowral, New South Wales, Australia. ... "Local and remote immune-mediated inflammation after mild peripheral nerve compression in rats". Journal of Neuropathology and ... Slow and incomplete sympathetic reinnervation of rat tail artery restores the amplitude of nerve-evoked contractions provided a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elspeth_McLachlan

... weakness on the opposite side as the injury). Injuries at the lower medulla, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves result in ... Other causes of hemiplegia include spinal cord injury, specifically Brown-Séquard syndrome, traumatic brain injury, or disease ... Radiological studies like a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain should be used to confirm injury in the brain ... Once the injury has occurred, the symptoms should not worsen. However, because of lack of mobility, other complications can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemiplegia

"Novel TRPM8 antagonist attenuates cold hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury in rats". The Journal of Pharmacology and ... Cold-patches have traditionally been used to induce analgesia or relief in pain which is caused as result of traumatic injuries ... serve a variety of functions in the peripheral and central nervous systems. In the peripheral nervous system, TRPs respond to ... They concluded menthol sensitizes cold-sensitive peripheral C nociceptors and activates cold-specific A delta fibers. As is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPM8

Microscopic Morphology and Ultrastructure of Human Peripheral Nerves", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp ... What It Teaches Us about Mechanisms Underlying Axonal Injury", Multiple Sclerosis As A Neuronal Disease, Burlington: Academic ... thereby assisting in locating injuries to peripheral nerves. The endoneurium runs longitudinally along the nerve fiber, but ... Peripheral nerve injuries commonly release increased amounts of endoneurial fluid into surrounding tissues; these can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoneurium

... a promising product for treatment of peripheral nerve regeneration after nerve injury". The International Journal of ... A 2014 Cochrane review of PRP in musculoskeletal injuries found very weak evidence for a decrease in pain in the short term, ... Injury. 40 (2): 158-62. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2008.06.025. PMID 19084836. Pocaterra A, Caruso S, Bernardi S, Scagnoli L, ... DS.L, C; Mullan (March 2019). Effects and mechanism of platelet rich plasma on military drill injury MMR journal Ref 35 https ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet-rich_plasma

Under Fedorov's supervision, Stradiņš completed a doctoral thesis on the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. It included data ... from 862 patients on trophic, secretory and vasomotor disturbances after injuries to the extremities, and on surgical and ... At the end of the 1920s, Stradiņš turned his attention from peripheral neurosurgery to abdominal surgery and cancer treatment. ... and his works on the spontaneous gangrene and operations on nerves as indubitably excellent".[citation needed] Stradiņš ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauls_Stradiņš

Connective tissue in the peripheral nervous system Wallerian degeneration Peripheral nerve injury Nerve injury Saidoff, David C ... Goubier, Jean-Noel (2015). Nerve and Nerve Injuries, 1st Edition. Vol 2: Pain, Treatment, Injury, Disease and Future Directions ... Axonotmesis is an injury to the peripheral nerve of one of the extremities of the body. The axons and their myelin sheath are ... These stretch injuries can either dislocate joints or fracture a limb, due to which peripheral nerves are severed. If the sharp ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axonotmesis

Treatment of peripheral nerve injury and spinal cord injury is another important clinical target for NFB. The peripheral nerve ... and injuries to nearby organs, nerves or blood vessels. Other complications of hernia repair can occur with or without the mesh ... However, the limited supply of autografts in severe injuries and in degenerative conditions restricts their use. The use of ... Wound repair results from a complex and highly orchestrated cellular and biochemical response to tissue injury. Given that the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_of_Excellence_for_Functional_Biomaterials

Brain, 1905, 28, 362.) With J. Sherren: The consequences of injury to the peripheral nerves in man. (Brain, 1905, 28, 116-338 ... During the First World War, Head treated patients with brain injuries in London. The war prompted Head to write poetry which ... Beginning by examining patients in whom nerves had been divided, Head and his co-worker J. Sherren soon realised the folly in ... The regeneration of these nerves was charted over the next four years. Every Friday, Head would travel to Rivers' rooms in St ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Head

Since stingers are a nerve injury, a stinger can fall into two different categories of peripheral nerve injury with ... This technique does prevent catastrophic spine injuries, but it can result in brachial plexus injuries. After the rule change, ... The dysfunctions that caused the peripheral nerve injury must be identified to treat and prevent future injury. Flexibility and ... Neal, S. L., & Fields, K. B. (2010). Peripheral Nerve Entrapment and Injury in the Upper Extremity. American Family Physician ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stinger_(medicine)

... weakness on the opposite side as the injury). Injuries at the lower medulla, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves result in ... Other causes of hemiplegia include spinal cord injury, specifically Brown-Séquard syndrome, traumatic brain injury, or disease ... A permanent brain injury that occurs during the intrauterine life, during delivery or early in life can lead to hemiplegic ... Once the injury has occurred, the symptoms should not worsen. However, because of lack of mobility, other complications can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemiparesis

Main article: Peripheral nerve injury classification. Peripheral nerve injuries can be classified in two different ways. ... of all peripheral nerve injury cases.[2] Of these cases, the ulnar nerve was most often injured. Peripheral nerves are ... It is the most serious nerve injury in the scheme. In this type of injury, both the nerve and the nerve sheath are disrupted. ... With Seddon's classification of nerve injuries, it is often tough to identify whether a particular nerve injury is neurotmesis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotmesis

... between astrocyte hypertrophy in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and hypersensitivity to pain after peripheral nerve injury ... and a role in the repair and scarring process of the brain and spinal cord following traumatic injuries. ... Nervous system repair: Upon injury to nerve cells within the central nervous system, astrocytes fill up the space to form a ... in lumbar spinal cord increases following a sciatic nerve constriction injury". Brain Research. 565 (1): 1-7. doi:10.1016/0006- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrocytes

... and peripheral nerve problems (such as brachial plexus injuries or carpal tunnel syndrome). Hand surgery is an important part ... to establish a facial injury ward at the Cambridge Military Hospital, Aldershot, later upgraded to a new hospital for facial ... Hand surgery is concerned with acute injuries and chronic diseases of the hand and wrist, correction of congenital ... Common complications of cosmetic surgery includes hematoma, nerve damage, infection, scarring, implant failure and organ damage ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmetic_surgery_procedures

... in addition to expressing the promising treatment variations for peripheral nerve injuries.[49] ... Bastarache JA (March 2009). "The complex role of fibrin in acute lung injury". American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular ... After a 13 mm rat sciatic nerve defect is made, the fibrin matrix delivery system is applied to the gap as a nerve guiding ... Fibrin scaffold use is helpful in repairing injuries to the urinary tract,[3] liver[4] lung,[5] spleen,[6] kidney,[7] and heart ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrin_scaffold

Injuries[edit]. Denervation may be the result of nerve injury. The three main types of nerve injury are neurapraxia, ... In addition to peripheral nerve injury, denervation is used as a medical procedure for various benefits resulting from ... After an injury in which some nerves are damaged, the brain has shown capabilities in rewiring or rearranging neuronal ... The loss of nerve supply can be caused by injury, disorders, or result from a surgical procedure. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denervation

Investigators estimate that 2-5% of those with peripheral nerve injury,[13] and 13-70 percent of those with hemiplegia ( ... Mitchell, S.W. (1872). Injuries of Nerves and their Consequences. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott.. [page needed] ... Type II, formerly known as causalgia, has evidence of obvious nerve damage. Despite there being evidence of nerve injury, the ... or hyperalgesia after a nerve injury, not necessarily limited to the distribution of the injured nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_regional_pain_syndrome

... in peripheral nerve lesions". In Spinner, M. (ed.). Injuries to the Major Branches of Peripheral Nerves of the Forearm. ... Repetitive strain injury. Other names. Cumulative trauma disorders, repetitive stress injuries, repetitive motion injuries or ... A repetitive strain injury (RSI) is an injury to part of the musculoskeletal or nervous system which is caused by repetitive ... RICE is used immediately after an injury happens and for the first 24 to 48 hours after the injury. These modalities can help ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury

... is a dysfunction of the urinary bladder due to disease or injury of the central nervous system or peripheral nerves involved in ... It is often associated with spinal cord diseases (such as syringomyelia/hydromyelia), injuries (like herniated disks), and ... pregnancy and by peripheral nerve diseases such as diabetes, peripheral neuropathy caused by prolonged exposure to Agent Orange ... "Repeated botulinum-A toxin injections in the treatment of myelodysplastic children and patients with spinal cord injuries with ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenic_bladder

... which may lead to nerve injury including demyelination and a loss of nerve function (specifically a loss of axonal conductance ... leprae that can bind to laminin on peripheral nerves.[58] As part of the human immune response, white blood cell-derived ... Injuries become infected and result in tissue loss. Fingers and toes become shortened and deformed as the cartilage is absorbed ... The bacillus attacks nerve endings and destroys the body's ability to feel pain and injury. Without feeling pain, people injure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprosy

When one of these nerves suffers injury or trauma, surgical treatment may be needed. ... The peripheral nervous system is a network of 43 pairs of motor and sensory nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to ... Peripheral Nerve Injuries. Types of Peripheral Nerve Damage That May Need Surgery ... What causes peripheral nerve injury?. Injury to the peripheral nerve network can happen through:. * Laceration (a cut or tear ...

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/peripheral-nerve-injury

Injury to the peripheral nerves can be minor or devastating, and require expert diagnosis and management to restore optimal ... More serious peripheral nerve trauma may require surgery, including operations such as DREZ, brachial plexus injury repair, ... Conditions We Treat: Peripheral Nerve Injuries. The peripheral nerves comprise 43 pairs that branch off from the central nerves ... The Peripheral Nerve Surgery Center was founded to provide the highest quality surgical care for peripheral nerve injuries and ...

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/peripheral_nerve_surgery/conditions/peripheral-nerve-injuries.html

Helping you find trustworthy answers on Peripheral Nerve Injury , Latest evidence made easy ... Find all the evidence you need on Peripheral Nerve Injury via the Trip Database. ... peripheral nerve injuries Guided tissue regeneration is a new approach in the reconstructive surgery of peripheral nerves. ... Peripheral nerve injury alters the alpha2 adrenoceptor subtype activated by clonidine for analgesia. (PubMed). Peripheral nerve ...

https://www.tripdatabase.com/search?criteria=Peripheral+Nerve+Injury&page=324

Find out more about injuries affecting the peripheral nerves that link your brain and spinal cord to the rest ... Reduced muscle activity can indicate nerve injury.. *Nerve conduction study. Electrodes placed at two different points in your ... Peripheral nerve graft. Peripheral nerve graft. To repair a damaged nerve, your surgeon removes a small part of the sural nerve ... Nerve transfer. Nerve transfer. Your surgeon can bypass a damaged section of nerve by reconnecting a healthy nerve to restore ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peripheral-nerve-injuries/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355632?mc_id=us&utm_source=sharingmayoclinic&utm_medium=l&utm_content=content&utm_campaign=mayoclinic&geo=national&placementsite=enterprise&cauid=100717

Find out more about injuries affecting the peripheral nerves that link your brain and spinal cord to the rest ... Peripheral... nerve sheath tumors, Nerve entrapment, Benign peripheral nerve tumors, Peripheral nerve injury, Brachial plexus ... Traumatic injury, Osteoarthritis, Peripheral nerve injury, Dupuytrens contracture, Schwannomatosis, Peripheral nerve t...umors ... Brachial plexus surgery, Peripheral nerve tumor surgery, Peripheral nerve tumors, Peripheral nerve disorder, ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peripheral-nerve-injuries/doctors-departments/ddc-20355633

Peripheral Nerve Injuries in the Athlete from ePodiatry, a comprehensive resource on podiatry, sports medicine and neurology ... Peripheral Nerve Injuries in the Athlete also provides information on: • physiology of nerve injury. • regeneration and ... Median Nerve Injuries; Ulnar Nerve Injuries; Radial Nerve Injuries; Musculocutaneous Nerve Injuries; Axillary Nerve Injuries; ... Chapter 1. Pathophysiology of Peripheral Nerve Injuries and the Role of Electrodiagnostics. (Mechanisms of Nerve Injury; ...

http://www.epodiatry.com/feinberg.htm

Facial Nerve Axotomy in Mice: A Model to Study Motoneuron Response to Injury. ... peripheral nerve injuries include Ethanol-Induced Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion Block Applications for Promoting Canine ... Toluidine Blue Staining of Resin-Embedded Sections for Evaluation of Peripheral Nerve Morphology, Genetic Study of Axon ... An In Vitro Co-culture Model to Study Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, ...

https://www.jove.com/keyword/peripheral+nerve+injuries

Learn more about spinal disorders and nerve conditions. ... Information on peripheral nerve injury in children including ... What are signs of peripheral nerve injuries?. Because every peripheral nerve has a highly specialized function in a specific ... What are the peripheral nerves?. Peripheral nerves carry simple commands from the brain to the legs, arms, hands and feet. They ... Learn about treatment options for peripheral nerve injuries.. For more information or to schedule an appointment, call 314.454. ...

http://www.stlouischildrens.org/diseases-conditions/peripheral-nerve-injuries

Peripheral Nerve Injuries. Somatosensory Disorders. Sensation Disorders. Neurologic Manifestations. Nervous System Diseases. ... GW406381 In Patients With Peripheral Nerve Injury. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of ... on pain in patients with peripheral nerve injury. Secondary Outcome Measures : *To investigate the effect of 21 days oral ... dynamic allodynia and static mechanical hyperalgesia in patients with peripheral nerve injury.. ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00279032

A growing collection of anecdotal stories raises the possibility that nerve injury in an arm or a leg can act as a trigger for ... Peripheral nerve injury can trigger the onset and spread of ALS, shows study. *Download PDF Copy ... Now, researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago are the first to demonstrate that a peripheral nerve injury can ... Active lifestyle shown to repair spinal cord injuries. Integrator complex proteins are crucial for healthy brain development in ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20190220/Peripheral-nerve-injury-can-trigger-the-onset-and-spread-of-ALS-shows-study.aspx

Nerve gap injuries are difficult to repair; our data suggest that DRG neurons are superior medium to implant inside conduit ... Macrophage infiltration of the regenerated nerve graft in the DRG group 16 weeks post-surgery was below the level of the empty ... We have previously shown successful regeneration in transected rat sciatic nerves using conduits filled with allogeneic dorsal ... but morphological analyses suggest recovery comparable to the healthy nerves was not achieved. The degree of regeneration was ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0031675

"Peripheral Nerve Injuries". "Seddon classification of nerve injuries". Otto D.Payton & Richard P.Di Fabio et al. Manual of ... Nerve Nerve fiber Peripheral nerve injury (Nerve injury) Connective tissue in the peripheral nervous system Neuroregeneration ... Classification of peripheral nerve injury assists in prognosis and determination of treatment strategy. Classification of nerve ... It is the mildest type of peripheral nerve injury. There are sensory-motor problems distal to the site of injury. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nerve_injury_classification

Frequency of presentation of peripheral nerve injury (p<.05).. > <.05). title=Frequency of presentation of peripheral nerve ... involve damage to the peripheral nerve.2 Even taking into account a great number of complications, peripheral nerve injury ... Peripheral nerve injury can be difficult to detect and can even go unnoticed by the medical team, especially in a neurosurgical ... Two cases of peripheral nerve injury were found (1.78%); both patients had paraesthesia of the region innervated by the ulnar ...

https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-cirugia-cirujanos-english-edition--237-articulo-neurosurgical-position-causes-peripheral-nerve-S2444050718300111

Information on peripheral nerve injuries and treatments available at St. Louis Childrens Hospital. To schedule an appointment ... Nerve injuries *Brachial plexus injuries *Lumbosacral plexus injuries *Any individual nerve injury resulting in numbness or ... What are signs of peripheral nerve injuries?. Because every peripheral nerve has a highly specialized function in a specific ... What are the peripheral nerves?. Peripheral nerves carry simple commands from the brain to the legs, arms, hands and feet. They ...

http://www.stlouischildrens.org/our-services/plastic-surgery/peripheral-nerve-injuries

S. W. Mitchell, Injuries of Nerves and Their Consequences, Lippincott, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 1872. ... rats were subjected to unilateral nerve injury. Mechanical allodynia was tested for two weeks after nerve injury. After nerve ... after peripheral nerve injury.. Occasionally, neuropathic pain symptoms can be observed on the opposite side of the nerve ... It has been shown that peripheral nerve injury can cause severe chronic pain in humans [1, 2]. Humans frequently experience ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2015/438319/

... studies based on 3D fat-suppressed techniques are providing high accuracy for peripheral nerve injury evaluati … ... Traumatic conditions of peripheral nerves and plexus have been classically evaluated by morphological imaging techniques and ... 2 Peripheral Nerve and Plexus Department, Centro Rossi, Buenos Aires, Argentina.. *3 Peripheral Nerve and Plexus Surgery Unit, ... Quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) neurography for evaluation of peripheral nerves and plexus injuries Quant Imaging Med Surg ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28932698/

... glass and bullets are a frequent cause of nerve injury. ... Peripheral Nerve Injury: Cuts and tearing on an arm or leg ... In injuries associated with extensive crushing and tearing of nerve fibers, repair must be delayed three to four weeks to let ... Thermal Injury * General Information * While not a common cause of peripheral nerve injury, injury by flame, fluid, steam or ... About Peripheral Nerve Injury Laceration and Contusion * General Information * Cuts and tearing on an arm or leg caused by ...

http://neurosurgery.ucla.edu/peripheral-nerve-injury

Peripheral Nerve Injury , Extracorporal Shock Wave Treatment to Improve Nerve Regeneration ... Until now, no studies have been performed regarding the effects of ESWT on regeneration of peripheral nerve injuries in humans ... This study evaluates the impact of extracorporeal shock wave treatment after microsurgical coaptation of finger nerves. ... Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Nerve Injury Treatment. SHAM, MTS Medical UG Orthogold 100 ...

https://www.centerwatch.com/clinical-trials/listings/186942/extracorporal-shock-wave-treatment-to-improve-nerve-regeneration/

... but not after central injury. Thus, myosin-X was upregulated after injuries that can be followed by axonal regeneration. We ... Neuronal myosin-X is upregulated after peripheral nerve injury and mediates laminin-induced growth of neurites. Plantman, ... expression of myosin-X mRNA is upregulated in adult rat sensory neurons and spinal motoneurons after peripheral nerve injury, ... The successful outcome of peripheral neuronal regeneration is attributed both to the growth permissive milieu and the intrinsic ...

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:630469

The very expanse of peripheral nerves makes them highly vulnerable to injuries such as blunt-force blows, cuts, and leg and arm ... Post-injury, CCL2 affects the workings of peripheral nerve cell clusters, known as ganglia, and the nerve fibers distal to the ... Powerful protein promotes post-injury regeneration and growth of injured peripheral nerves. January 05, 2016. The peripheral ... After an injury to a region of peripheral nerves, CCL2 signals macrophages to move to the damaged areas of axons and remove ...

https://www.brightsurf.com/news/article/010516388662/powerful-protein-promotes-post-injury-regeneration-and-growth-of-injured-peripheral-nerves.html

... for peripheral nerve injury. Aims of this work are (1) to review electrospun and self-assembled nanofibrous scaffolds use in ... vitro and in vivo for peripheral nerve regeneration; and (2) its application in peripheral nerve injuries treatment. The review ... Injured peripheral nerves, such as trigeminal and facial, may benefit from these treatments. ... In the case of nerve transaction, the gold standard treatment is the end-to-end reconnection of the two nerve stumps. When it ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/15/2/3088

The incidence of traumatic injuries is estimated as more than 500 000 new patients annually [1]. Injuries to peripheral nerves ... Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Following Crush Injury to Rat Peroneal Nerve by Aqueous Extract of Medicinal Mushroom Hericium ... Nerve crush injury is adequate to investigate the intrinsic cellular and molecular events that intervene in peripheral nerve ... In contrast to nerve transection injury, nerve crush injury causes less severity, because it leaves the basement membrane of ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/580752/

3), suggests that synaptic GABAA receptors remain present and functional after both partial nerve injuries. ... or spared nerve injury (SNI). Fast excitatory transmission remains intact after all three types of nerve injury. In contrast, ... Peripheral nerve injury (CCI, SNI, or SNT) does not reduce primary afferent-evoked EPSCs in lamina II neurons. In the L4 ... 2000) Spared nerve injury: an animal model of persistent peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain 87:149-158. ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/22/15/6724?ijkey=f9146a86cf6cf4f98d8563ce0bcf380c658a13fb&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Usually, however, (peripheral) nerve injury is classified in five stages, based on the extent of damage to both the nerve and ... In 1941, Seddon introduced a classification of nerve injuries based on three main types of nerve fiber injury and whether there ... Other methods of preventing peripheral nerve injury include electrical nerve stimulation and ultrasonography. Electrical ... and nerve reinnervation. The events that occur in peripheral regeneration occur with respect to the axis of the nerve injury. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_injury

FAQ: Traumatic Injuries. *Info for Adult BPI. *Peripheral Nerve Surgery Library. *Glossary of Terms ... Create and maintain a NETWORK of information and support that will UNITE all those concerned with this injury worldwide. ... Provide SUPPORT for families and individuals affected by brachial plexus injuries.. *EDUCATE medical and legal professionals, ... Increase AWARENESS of and work towards the PREVENTION of brachial plexus injuries. ...

https://ubpn.org/forums/user/sendpassword

https://ubpn.org/forums/user/login

In this case, there is damage to the axons and the surrounding tissues sufficient to create scarring that prevents nerve regeneration. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Surgery may be needed for more severe injuries, and may involve nerve grafting, nerve regeneration or tendon or muscle transfer. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Guided regeneration with resorbable conduits in experimental peripheral nerve injuries Guided tissue regeneration is a new approach in the reconstructive surgery of peripheral nerves . (tripdatabase.com)
for nerve regeneration in experimental animals. (tripdatabase.com)
Nogo-A expressed in Schwann cells impairs axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury Injured axons in mammalian peripheral nerves often regenerate successfully over long distances, in contrast to axons in the brain and spinal cord (CNS). (tripdatabase.com)
A in peripheral nerve Schwann cells, we show that axonal regeneration and functional recovery are impaired after a sciatic nerve crush. (tripdatabase.com)
Nogo-A thus overrides the growth-permissive and -promoting effects of the lesioned peripheral nerve , demonstrating its in vivo potency as an inhibitor of axonal regeneration. (tripdatabase.com)
We have previously shown successful regeneration in transected rat sciatic nerves using conduits filled with allogeneic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells without any immunosuppression. (plos.org)
We observed enhanced regeneration with allogeneic cells compared to empty conduits 16 weeks post-surgery, but morphological analyses suggest recovery comparable to the healthy nerves was not achieved. (plos.org)
Until now, no studies have been performed regarding the effects of ESWT on regeneration of peripheral nerve injuries in humans. (centerwatch.com)
The successful outcome of peripheral neuronal regeneration is attributed both to the growth permissive milieu and the intrinsic ability of the neuron to initiate appropriate cellular responses such as changes in gene expression and cytoskeletal rearrangements. (diva-portal.org)
Thus, myosin-X was upregulated after injuries that can be followed by axonal regeneration. (diva-portal.org)
Unlike the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), peripheral nerves do have the capacity to regenerate, and inflammatory immune responses play a key role in regeneration. (brightsurf.com)
We are excited about our findings because we had no reason to expect that just expressing the chemokine CCL2 would be enough to stimulate nerve regeneration," senior author Richard E. Zigmond, PhD, professor of Neurosciences and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. (brightsurf.com)
CCL2 also signals macrophages to enter into the injured ganglia regions that house individual nerve cells to promote nerve regeneration as well. (brightsurf.com)
More macrophage build-up, in turn, produced greater neuron sprouting, the beginnings of nerve regeneration. (brightsurf.com)
These animals only had scant nerve growth that did not nearly match the nerve regeneration observed in wild-type mice. (brightsurf.com)
We concluded that there was a correlation between macrophage entry into ganglia and nerve regeneration. (brightsurf.com)
Investigators tested for changes in the expression of certain genes by screening mRNA molecules associated with nerve regeneration in the animals where CCL2 overexpression prompted neuron outgrowth. (brightsurf.com)
Rather than fight inflammation at the very outset of a peripheral nerve injury, perhaps allowing limited inflammation post-injury may be therapeutic in stimulating neuron regeneration. (brightsurf.com)
Guided nerve regeneration using nano-structured scaffolds is a promising strategy to promote axon regeneration. (mdpi.com)
One strategy for improving the neural sensitivity of patients with peripheral neuropathy is to promote nerve regeneration. (fatsoflife.com)
These findings may spark more studies aimed at improving nerve regeneration with omega-3s in individuals with peripheral neuropathy or nerve injury. (fatsoflife.com)
First and foremost, the process is time-intensive as peripheral nerve regeneration is a slow process. (delveinsight.com)
Researchers have demonstrated in a number of studies that adjusting the ratio of macrophages to favour the M2 "healing" cell type can improve healing and outcomes and encourage regeneration that would not usually occur reliably in nerve tissues[3]. (leafscience.org)
A single session of brief electrical stimulation enhances axon regeneration through nerve autografts. (sickkids.ca)
Local delivery of FK506 to injured peripheral nerve enhances axon regeneration after surgical nerve repair in rats. (sickkids.ca)
Neurofilament-histomorphometry comparison in the evaluation of unmyelinated axon regeneration following peripheral nerve injury: An alternative to electron microscopy. (sickkids.ca)
Wide-Field Functional Microscopy of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration. (sickkids.ca)
Therefore, studying PNI could be instructive for both improving PNS regeneration and recovery after CNS injury. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, by studying factors that influence PNS axon regeneration, we may discover treatments that improve repair after spinal cord injury (SCI) or brain injury. (biomedcentral.com)
No drug or biologics is yet approved that have the potential to increase nerve repair and regeneration. (salemonlinejournal.in)
Other projects, with Renovo plc, are directed towards improvement of nerve regeneration. (sheffield.ac.uk)
Following damage to a peripheral nerve, injury signaling pathways converge in the cell body to generate transcriptional changes that support axon regeneration. (elsevier.com)
Here, we demonstrate that dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK), a central regulator of injury responses including axon regeneration and neuronal apoptosis, is required for the induction of the pro-regenerative transcriptional program in response to peripheral nerve injury. (elsevier.com)
We suggest that DLK-dependency might provide a selective filter for regeneration-associated genes among the injury-responsive transcriptome. (elsevier.com)

Computer-controlled lidocaine infusion for the evaluation of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. (tripdatabase.com)
Subjects on medications for neuropathic pain or received nerve blocks for neuropathic pain. (clinicaltrials.gov)
After nerve injury, neuropathic pain behaviors developed progressively. (hindawi.com)
Humans frequently experience neuropathic pain symptoms such as spontaneous burning painful sensations, hyperalgesia (elevated sensitivity to noxious stimulation), and allodynia (painful experience to innocuous stimulation) after peripheral nerve injury. (hindawi.com)
Occasionally, neuropathic pain symptoms can be observed on the opposite side of the nerve injury in humans or in experimental animal models of neuropathic pain [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
This was done by comparing the NR2B expression in the DRG derived from two modalities of the spared nerve injury (SNI) model, since each variant produces different neuropathic pain phenotypes. (frontiersin.org)
The development of chronic neuropathic pain after surgery is often associated with peripheral nerve injury ( Macrae, 2001 , 2008 ). (frontiersin.org)
The magnitude of glutamate-evoked Ca2+ responses increases in the setting of peripheral neuropathic pain. (uky.edu)

The peripheral nervous system is a network of 43 pairs of motor and sensory nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) to the entire human body. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The peripheral nerves comprise 43 pairs that branch off from the central nerves of the brain and spinal cord, and they supply sensation and motor function to the entire body. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The peripheral nervous system is a vast communications network that transmits information from the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) to every other part of the body. (stlouischildrens.org)
Peripheral nerves also send sensory information back to the brain and spinal cord, such as a message that the feet are cold or a finger is burned. (stlouischildrens.org)
The peripheral nervous system is a vast network of nerves that exists primarily outside of brain and spinal cord and connects to the far reaches of the body. (brightsurf.com)
Peripheral nerves-those in the trunk and limbs-connect the brain and spinal cord to all other parts of the body. (fatsoflife.com)
The peripheral nerves are located outside of the brain and spinal cord. (leafscience.org)
Peripheral nerves are also known as the peripheral nervous system, which contains "43 pairs of motor and sensory nerves" that make a connection between the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body. (echiropractor.org)
The human body has 2 nervous systems, the central nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system that includes a network of nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord. (stephenthonmd.com)
The peripheral nervous system transmits signals from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of your body. (stephenthonmd.com)

When one of these nerves suffers serious injury or trauma, surgical treatment may be called for. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The spinal accessory nerve can be damaged during trauma or even during surgery when surgeons are operating on lymph nodes or on the jugular vein in the neck. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel Group Study to Investigate the Effects of Chronic Dose Oral GW406381 on Pain and Areas of Hyperalgesia and Allodynia in Patients With Peripheral Nerve Injury as a Result of Trauma or Surgery. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In the field of trauma and peripheral nerve or plexus injury, several derived parameters from DWI and DTI studies such as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) or fractional anisotropy (FA) among others, can be used as potential biomarkers of neural damage providing information about fiber organization, axonal flow or myelin integrity. (nih.gov)
In the case of acute trauma, peripheral nerve repair is oftentimes neglected. (delveinsight.com)
[ 2 ] looking at 722 patients with peripheral nerve trauma found that approximately 17.4% were iatrogenic injuries with the majority (94%) being secondary to a surgical procedure. (parjournal.net)
Injuries to the brachial plexus can occur during the birthing process or as a result of trauma, including falls, sports injuries, penetrating injuries (stab wounds/gunshot wounds) and motor vehicle collisions. (nicklauschildrens.org)
The types of trauma that can affect the peripheral nerves include tumors, entrapments and compressions (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome), and injuries (e.g., brachial plexus injury). (echiropractor.org)
Inflammation, tumors, and trauma to the shoulder may trigger brachial plexus injuries. (echiropractor.org)
3 Brachial Plexus Injuries (BPIs) could also be caused by motorcycle accidents, blunt trauma, inflammation, compression, or neuropathies. (echiropractor.org)
It is bittersweet irony that many of the most effective treatments for peripheral nerve injury (PNI) were developed during the war: 18% of extremity injuries included trauma to peripheral nerves, allowing physicians to experiment with new therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
Through lecture and hands-on lab sessions, participants will solidify their knowledge of anatomy of the brachial plexus, upper extremity peripheral nerves and the muscles that they innervate, and the biological and physiological consequences of nerve trauma and neuropathies. (rehabed.com)

People with traumatic nerve damage can experience severe, unrelenting pain, burning sensation, tingling or total loss of sensation in the part of the body affected by the damaged nerve. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Traumatic conditions of peripheral nerves and plexus have been classically evaluated by morphological imaging techniques and electrophysiological tests. (nih.gov)
In this paper, a comprehensive review of the potential applications of DWI and DTI neurographic studies is performed with a focus on traumatic conditions, including main nerve entrapment syndromes in both peripheral nerves and brachial or lumbar plexus. (nih.gov)
Conditions that may result in peripheral neuropathy include diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, tumors, repetitive strain injuries, autoimmune diseases, infections and traumatic injury. (fatsoflife.com)
It is usually due to a problem with motor nerves in the brain, and can be caused by cerebral palsy, stroke or traumatic brain injury. (nicklauschildrens.org)
Peripheral Nerve Injuries comprises of various reversible and irreversible nerve impairments due to traumatic nerve injuries. (haridwartoday.in)
Thousands of military members suffer long-term consequences of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (Blast-TBI), including chronic head and face pain. (umaryland.edu)
We assessed central changes to PB neuronal activity in a robust model of post-traumatic pain using the chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). (umaryland.edu)

Yet specialists who treat these regions of the body often are focused on other types of injuries and have limited expertise with the peripheral nervous system. (stlouischildrens.org)
These techniques have been successfully applied in other anatomical areas, especially in the assessment of central nervous system, and now are being imported, with promising results for peripheral nerve and plexus evaluation. (nih.gov)
The boost in CCL2 expression in these mice led to greater accumulation of macrophages three weeks later in dorsal root ganglia, a cluster of sensory nerve cells that project both to peripheral areas and to the central nervous system. (brightsurf.com)
OBJECTIVE Intravital spectral imaging of the large, deeply situated nerves in the rat peripheral nervous system (PNS) has not been well described. (readbyqxmd.com)
Nerve injuries caused by medical interventions (Iatrogenic lesions) can complicate procedures and affect any part of the peripheral nervous system. (parjournal.net)
The peripheral nervous system can suffer damage, such as a brachial plexus injury. (echiropractor.org)
What is the Peripheral Nervous System? (echiropractor.org)
The peripheral nervous system is in charge of motor coordination, movement, and sensation. (echiropractor.org)
In contrast with central nervous system (CNS) axons, those in the periphery have the remarkable ability to regenerate after injury. (biomedcentral.com)
Nevertheless, peripheral nervous system (PNS) axon regrowth is hampered by nerve gaps created by injury. (biomedcentral.com)
There are central nervous system (CNS) nerves and the nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (neckandback.com)
The central nervous system nerves are supported by "assistant cells" called oligodendrocytes and the peripheral nervous system nerves are supported by" assistant cells" called Schwann cells. (neckandback.com)
This sheath is called the myelin sheath and is made up of Schwann cells in the peripheral nerves and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system nerves. (neckandback.com)

This book is an anatomically based guide to locating and diagnosing peripheral nerve entrapment and injuries, complete with all the fundamental science concepts and diagnostic techniques the clinician needs to address injuries in the upper and lower extremities of the body. (libribook.com)
Additional hands-on lab sessions focus on testing and evaluating specific entrapment neuropathies and nerve gliding exercises. (rehabed.com)
As nerves leave the spine, they will course through the body and are susceptible to entrapment or compression anywhere along its course. (stephenthonmd.com)
Synopsis About this title Highly Commended in Neurology by the British Medical Association, This book is an anatomically based guide to locating and diagnosing peripheral nerve entrapment and injuries, complete with all the fundamental science concepts and diagnostic techniques the clinician needs to address injuries in the upper and lower extremities of the body. (udadukudic.cf)

Fifth-degree lesion is a complete transection of the nerve. (wikipedia.org)
Partial (i.e. chronic constriction injury (CCI) and spared nerve injury (SNI)) and complete (i.e. sciatic nerve transection (SNT)) peripheral nerve injury altered the mean threshold intensity for eliciting A fibre-mediated EPSCs in lamina II neurones. (nih.gov)
To clarify whether inhibitory transmission in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord is reduced after peripheral nerve injury, we have studied synaptic transmission in lamina II neurons of an isolated adult rat spinal cord slice preparation after complete sciatic nerve transection (SNT), chronic constriction injury (CCI), or spared nerve injury (SNI). (jneurosci.org)
The effect of delayed nerve repair was determined in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. (diva-portal.org)
In response to transection injury, the distal segment of sciatic nerve produces a soluble factor which stimulates neurite outgrowth from 15 day embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and PC12 cells. (elsevier.com)
When the distal portion is removed immediately after transection, homogenized and the supernatant tested, there is little neurite promoting activity in the normal nerve. (elsevier.com)
Unilateral facial nerve transection, however, accelerated the widespread disinhibition. (elsevier.com)
Methods: We made mice models of spinal cord transection and sciatic nerve transection, plus sham and control groups. (elsevier.com)

A better understanding of the pathophysiology of the nerve injury will further augment the efficacy of the diagnosis. (delveinsight.com)
In this article, we provide a brief review of pathophysiology, classification, and surgery of peripheral nerve injuries, with special emphasis on wartime injuries. (elsevier.com)

In addition to our focus on the brachial plexus, the Program also provides care for children with injuries or diseases (including tumors) of other peripheral nerves throughout the body. (nicklauschildrens.org)
Other causes may include motor vehicle accidents or tumors that may affect the nerves. (nicklauschildrens.org)
If you have neuropathy caused by pressure on nerves, such as pressure from tumors, herniated discs, etc, you might need surgery to decrease the pressure. (stephenthonmd.com)

3 Peripheral Nerve and Plexus Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina. (nih.gov)

Injuries may be treated with nonsurgical or surgical therapy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
This injury does not require surgical intervention and usually will recover within a matter of hours to a few weeks. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
If this kind of injury can be confirmed through pre-operative nerve testing, surgical intervention is usually not required. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Surgical intervention with nerve grafting is necessary to repair the injury. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The Peripheral Nerve Surgery Center was founded to provide the highest quality surgical care for peripheral nerve injuries and to generate new understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of nerve diseases through research. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
For mild injuries, your treatment plan may include a range of non-surgical treatments such as physical therapy and rehabilitation, orthotic devices and alternative therapies such as massage and acupuncture. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
If your nerve is healing properly, you may not need surgical repair. (mayoclinic.org)
However, donor autologous nerves are obviously limited in availability and necessitate another surgical site with added potential for wound morbidity. (plos.org)
Because of lack of nerve, surgical intervention is necessary. (wikipedia.org)
Recovery from a third-degree injury is possible, but surgical intervention may be required. (wikipedia.org)
Positioning during neurosurgical procedures is a challenge for surgical teams even if precautions are taken, the mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve injury (elongation, compression or ischaemia) are latent and it is important to know the frequency of occurrence in our environment. (elsevier.es)
A variety of surgical techniques are used to reroute healthy nerves to areas of the body left paralyzed by damaged nerves. (stlouischildrens.org)
Injury to peripheral nerves can occur as a result of various surgical procedures, including oral and maxillofacial surgery. (mdpi.com)
This refresher course lecture will review the incidence, risk factors and mechanisms of perioperative nerve injury, with a special emphasis on the use of electro-diagnostic testing and other imaging studies to guide prognosis and treatment, including surgical reconstructive options. (asahq.org)
Despite surgical innovation, the sensory and motor outcome after peripheral nerve injury is incomplete. (diva-portal.org)
For severe nerve injury cases, surgical intervention is preferred. (delveinsight.com)
These surgical procedures can be highly complicated (maintenance by stitches) and may involve nerve repair , nerve grafting , nerve transfer , fibrin glue , or nerve conduits . (delveinsight.com)
The potential for iatrogenic injuries in the course of any surgical procedure should be thoroughly appreciated by all surgeons and they should be familiar with early diagnostic steps for detecting these lesions. (parjournal.net)
The first World War brought a much better understanding of the surgical treatment of injuries of the peripheral nerves and the brilliant experimental studies of Carl G. Huber (whose work is referred to but once, and the very briefly, in this monograph). (jamanetwork.com)
Surgical repair of the injured nerve may not only reverse the paralysis but also may alleviate some of the pain. (vasileiadismicrohandsurgery.gr)
Treatment for peripheral nerve compression includes both non-surgical as well as surgical options. (stephenthonmd.com)
Surgical options are usually considered as a last resort in the treatment of nerve compression syndrome. (stephenthonmd.com)
The surgical procedure required depends on the degree of compression, the type of nerve compression syndrome, and the nerves and structures affected. (stephenthonmd.com)

Other causes contributing to the PNI patient pool are penetrating injuries, falls, serious complications related to regional anesthesia, chemotherapies , gunshot wounds, car accidents involving pedestrians, closed traction injury, sports injuries, and other muddled injuries. (delveinsight.com)

To investigate the effect of 21 days oral dosing of GW406381 on thermal hyperalgesia, dynamic allodynia and static mechanical hyperalgesia in patients with peripheral nerve injury. (clinicaltrials.gov)
This new edition contains unique, full-color illustrations that, along with high-quality photographs, help readers master the details of performing specific procedures and examinations on patients with peripheral nerve injuries. (udadukudic.cf)

Simple decompression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow also has much higher rates of failure in children than in adults. (springer.com)
[ 15 ] Upper limb nerves were affected and included: the radial nerve in 2 patients, median nerve in 3, ulnar nerve in 5 and musculocutaneous in 1. (parjournal.net)
The ulnar nerve is a mixed (sensory and motor) nerve that runs along the inner part of the elbow. (nicklauschildrens.org)
He managed a damaged hand with the ulnar nerve completely cut, with a terrible general injury to make it fully functional. (vasileiadismicrohandsurgery.gr)

You can download and read online Examination of Peripheral Nerve Injuries: An Anatomical Approach file PDF Book only if you are registered here. (udadukudic.cf)
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Examination of Peripheral Nerve Injuries, Second Edition, is an updated version of an anatomically based guide that teaches neurosurgeons how to properly examine a patient with a suspected focal neuropathy. (udadukudic.cf)

DelveInsight Peripheral Nerve Injury (PNI) epidemiological analysis estimated PNI incidence in 2017 in the 7MM (the US. (delveinsight.com)

Plastic Surgery provides treatment for peripheral nerve injuries and disorders. (stlouischildrens.org)
Timings, Address, Fee And Complete Details Of PMDC Verified Neuro Surgeons For Treatment For Peripheral Nerve Injuries In Tahkal Peshawar. (marham.pk)
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These injuries are usually found in laceration or severe stretch injuries. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
More severe injuries may require peripheral nerve surgery, which is performed by a neurosurgeon. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
If you have a particularly severe nerve injury or one that has been untreated for a long time, your doctor may suggest surgery to restore function to critical muscles by transferring tendons from one muscle to another. (mayoclinic.org)
We offer the most advanced techniques, including grafting and nerve transfer procedures for severe nerve injuries. (stlouischildrens.org)
It has been shown that peripheral nerve injury can cause severe chronic pain in humans [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, when their limit is exceeded the nerve can be torn apart, resulting in a nerve injury ranging from mild to severe. (ucla.edu)
More serious injuries include symptoms such as severe pain, inability to use certain muscles, and lack of sensation. (echiropractor.org)
Spontaneous recovery of long-term severe incomplete peripheral nerve injury is often unsatisfactory. (thewellnesstreegroup.co.uk)
Occasionally these type of injuries are associated with severe pain. (vasileiadismicrohandsurgery.gr)

In injuries associated with extensive crushing and tearing of nerve fibers, repair must be delayed three to four weeks to let the damage take its course before repairing nerve fibers that will survive the injury. (ucla.edu)
Post-injury, CCL2 affects the workings of peripheral nerve cell clusters, known as ganglia, and the nerve fibers distal to the site of injury. (brightsurf.com)
Dorsal root potentials and primary afferent depolarization, indicators of presynaptic inhibition at the central terminals of low-threshold myelinated fibers, are diminished after complete sciatic nerve axotomy ( Wall and Devor, 1981 ). (jneurosci.org)
In summary, these studies showed that peripheral nerve fibers and cells enriched in long-chain omega-3s are more resistant to injurious conditions, regenerate better and lose less functional ability compared with conventional nerve fibers. (fatsoflife.com)
Nerves are the system of fibers that carry signals from the brain to the rest of the body. (nicklauschildrens.org)

Still others are from nerve compression, like carpal tunnel syndrome or thoracic outlet syndrome. (icdlist.com)

Damage to the peripheral nerves is called peripheral neuropathy and can be sensed by tingling, numbness, pricking sensations or muscle weakness (Illustration). (fatsoflife.com)
Here we show that in the rat experimental model of the peripheral demyelinating neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A (CMT1A) the expression of the different NRG1 isoforms (soluble, type α and β, type a and b) is strongly up-regulated, as well as the expression of NRG1 co-receptors ErbB2-ErbB3, thus showing that CMT1A nerves have a gene expression pattern highly reminiscent of injured nerves. (readbyqxmd.com)
Damage to the peripheral nerves is called peripheral neuropathy. (stephenthonmd.com)

While not a common cause of peripheral nerve injury, injury by flame, fluid, steam or hot elements can result in neural damage ranging from temporary loss of nerve function to full loss of motor and sensory nerve function when tissue is destroyed by fire. (ucla.edu)
Road crashes are also the most common cause of peripheral nerve injury (PNI), affecting the brachial BP or the radial, fibular, or sciatic nerves, typically in young motorcycle riders. (delveinsight.com)

The very expanse of peripheral nerves makes them highly vulnerable to injuries such as blunt-force blows, cuts, and leg and arm fractures, as well as diseases that attack peripheral nerves such as diabetes, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. (brightsurf.com)
Some are the result of other diseases, like diabetic nerve problems. (icdlist.com)

Because every peripheral nerve has a highly specialized function in a specific part of the body, a wide array of symptoms can occur when nerves are damaged. (stlouischildrens.org)
Their findings, published in the journal Neurobiology of Disease , show that rats genetically engineered to develop ALS-like symptoms have an abnormal inflammatory response in the region of the spinal cord associated with an injured peripheral neuron. (news-medical.net)
AIN syndrome and pronator syndrome are two related conditions that involve nerve dysfunction in the area of the elbow and forearm that cause pain and other symptoms. (nicklauschildrens.org)
Are you suffering from symptoms of a peripheral nerve injury? (neckandback.com)

Prompt diagnosis and treatment provides the best chance for recovery from this injury. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Injury to these fragile nerves can be minor or devastating, and require expert diagnosis and management to restore optimal function. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Peripheral Nerve Injuries in the Athlete is a comprehensive resource that will provide you with the necessary foundation for detection, diagnosis, management, and treatment of PNIs. (epodiatry.com)
Even prompt diagnosis that can increase the chances of nerve repair by multiple folds remains a far-fetched dream. (delveinsight.com)
The importance of prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment of iatrogenic nerve injuries for optimal functional recovery should be stressed. (parjournal.net)
6 Proper diagnosis is necessary in order to treat brachial plexus and other peripheral nerve injuries. (echiropractor.org)
Diagnosis of peripheral nerve compression involves the exact detection of nerve damage and its cause, which can be difficult to diagnose. (stephenthonmd.com)

As long as the nerve cells have not been destroyed, peripheral nerves can regenerate. (fatsoflife.com)

The autograft serves as a physical guide composed of morphologically native biomaterial, which allows for the progression of "sprouting" axons from the proximal end to the distal nerve stump. (plos.org)
In this thesis, the biological pathways potentially responsible for the poor functional recoveries were investigated in both the distal nerve stump/target organ, spinal motoneurons and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). (diva-portal.org)
There was a dramatic decline in the number of regenerating motoneurons and myelinated axons found in the distal nerve stumps of animals undergoing nerve repair after a delay of 3 and 6 months. (diva-portal.org)
The inflammatory response is initiated by axonal disintegration in the distal nerve stump: this causes blood-nerve barrier permeabilization and activates nearby Schwann cells and resident macrophages via receptors sensitive to tissue damage. (biomedcentral.com)

Soluble NRG1 isoforms, mainly secreted by Schwann cells, are strongly and transiently up-regulated after acute peripheral nerve injury, thus suggesting that they play a crucial role also in the response to nerve damage. (readbyqxmd.com)
Peripheral nerve compression occurs when a nerve is compacted or squeezed through repetitive activities or trapped by swelling due to acute injuries. (stephenthonmd.com)

There is a loss of continuity of the axons (the "electrical wires") within the nerve. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
There is damage to the axons and their supporting structures within the nerve. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In neurapraxia, there is a physiologic block of nerve conduction in the affected axons. (wikipedia.org)
After an injury to a region of peripheral nerves, CCL2 signals macrophages to move to the damaged areas of axons and remove cellular debris, clearing the way for new axon growth. (brightsurf.com)
Any nerve consists of a cell body and the branches that extend out of this body, the dendrites and the axons. (neckandback.com)
The dendrites are the location of the origination of this signal and the axons carry this message to the other end of the nerve. (neckandback.com)

The brachial plexus is a network of nerves within the neck that supply the arm with motor input and sensory feedback. (nicklauschildrens.org)

Peripheral neuropathies can often be treated, sometimes cured and usually managed to prevent new damage. (fatsoflife.com)
Peripheral nerve damage often results in painful neuropathies which can impair sensation, movement, gland or organ function and other aspects of health, depending on the type of nerve that is damaged. (leafscience.org)

PURPOSE: Combat-sustained peripheral nerve injuries (CSPNIs) are often the result of high-energy blast mechanisms and are increasing in frequency and severity among US forces engaged in contemporary warfare. (medworm.com)

The approved or marketed options available in the PNI market comprise conduits ( NeuraGen , NeuroFlex , Neurotube , Neurolac , Nerbridge , and NeuroWrap) and nerve grafts ( Avance Nerve Graft ), which remains the gold standard of the clinical treatment for peripheral nerve defects, regardless of the size of the gap. (delveinsight.com)
The approved products include conduits and nerve grafts. (salemonlinejournal.in)

PURPOSE: This study evaluated patient-reported outcome and the factors associated with disability after an upper extremity nerve injury. (iwh.on.ca)
Depending on the position of the nerve injury (upper extremity or lower extremity), and degree of nerve damage, a multidisciplinary treatment regimen including acupuncture, massage therapy, medication, orthotics, physical therapy, and rehabilitation is prescribed to the PNI patients. (delveinsight.com)
The median nerve is a mixed (motor and sensory) nerve of the upper extremity. (nicklauschildrens.org)
This comprehensive course is designed to enhance understanding of the impact of brachial plexus and upper extremity peripheral nerve injuries. (rehabed.com)
Participants will learn to sequentially assess nerve dysfunctions in various regions of the upper extremity, understand the principles of nerve, free muscle, and tendon transfers, and systematically design treatment and orthotic intervention for UE nerve injuries. (rehabed.com)

These fragile and delicate nerves can be easily damaged. (delveinsight.com)
Because the peripheral nerves are complicated and fragile, they are easily injured. (echiropractor.org)
Peripheral nerves are fragile and easily damaged. (stephenthonmd.com)

In contrast, primary afferent-evoked IPSCs are substantially reduced in incidence, magnitude, and duration after the two partial nerve injuries, CCI and SNI, but not SNT. (jneurosci.org)
The reported incidence of iatrogenic injury has been found to range from 13% of cases for motor deficit [ 12 ] up to 50% for sensory deficit. (parjournal.net)

His classification of nerve injuries forms the basis of that in use into the 21st century. (wikipedia.org)
Seddon's classification of nerve injuries came to be adopted internationally. (wikipedia.org)

abstract = "Purpose: We investigated the kinematics of nerve growth factor (NGF)mRNA and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)mRNA in a skeletal muscle following spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries by utilizing the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction/high-performance liquid chromatography (RT-PCR/HPLC) method. (elsevier.com)

Under general anesthesia and by using a microsurgery technique both sciatic nerves were exposed in 2 groups of 9 Wistar rats. (tripdatabase.com)
The researchers surgically injured a single nerve in the leg of both SOD1 and wild-type rats at 10 weeks of age. (news-medical.net)
A biodegradable NeuraGen® tube was infused with pure DRG neurons or Schwann cells cultured from a rat strain differing from the host rats and used to repair 8 mm gaps in the sciatic nerve. (plos.org)
We have previously reported the crossed-withdrawal reflex in which the rats with nerve injury developed behavioral pain responses of the injured paw to stimuli applied to the contralateral uninjured paw. (hindawi.com)
Under pentobarbital anesthesia, rats were subjected to unilateral nerve injury. (hindawi.com)
These results suggest that the facilitation of information processing from the uninjured side to the injured side may contribute to the crossed-withdrawal reflex by plastic changes in the spinal cord of nerve-injured rats. (hindawi.com)
In our previous study [ 9 ], we observed that the rats with unilateral nerve injury showed withdrawal responses of the injured paw to stimuli applied to the contralateral uninjured paw. (hindawi.com)
Here, we tested the hypothesis that an innovative model of the unique aspect of blast-TBI over blunt-force TBI, the primary blast injury, directed over the cranium sufficiently modeled long-term conditions of human blast exposure in rats. (umaryland.edu)
Rats exposed to cranium-directed primary blast-TBI demonstrated behavioral manifestations of ongoing pain, mechanical hyperalgesia, and cold allodynia three weeks after injury, recapitulating chronic facial pain in patients after blast-TBI. (umaryland.edu)

One particular type of peripheral nerve damage is spinal accessory nerve injury. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Other characteristics: It is the mildest type of peripheral nerve injury. (wikipedia.org)

Currently, the most reliable choice in repair of major defects in peripheral nerves is autologous nerve grafts [2] . (plos.org)
Long lengths of the nerve are often involved, requiring nerve grafts. (ucla.edu)

Major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) molecules were present in significantly increased levels in the DRG and Schwann cell allograft groups compared to the hollow NG conduit and the Sham healthy nerve. (plos.org)
A peripheral nerve fiber contains an axon (Or long dendrite), myelin sheath (if existence), their schwann cells, and the endoneurium. (wikipedia.org)
By further exploiting the qualities of the topically applied myelin dye Nile red, this technique is capable of visualizing the detailed microenvironment of peripheral nerve demyelination injury and recovery, while allowing us to obtain images of exogenous Schwann cell myelination in a living animal. (readbyqxmd.com)
Denervated Schwann cells respond to injury by shedding myelin, proliferating, phagocytosing debris, and releasing cytokines that recruit blood-borne monocytes/macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)

What causes peripheral nerve injury? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Neurosurgical position causes peripheral nerve injuries? (elsevier.es)

N-Acetylcysteine Prevents Retrograde Motor Neuron Death after Neonatal Peripheral Nerve Injury. (sickkids.ca)
Using a sensory neuron-conditional DLK knockout mouse model, we show a time course for the dependency of gene expression changes on the DLK pathway after sciatic nerve injury. (elsevier.com)

Often associated with bone fractures, stretch or traction is a common cause of brachial plexus , radial and peroneal nerve injuries. (ucla.edu)
Seventeen percent of injuries occurred to the median nerve, 16% to the accessory, 13% to the radial and common peroneal, 8.5% to the ulnar and 5% to the femoral nerves, respectively. (parjournal.net)
Lower limb nerves were also affected: tibial in 13 patients, peroneal in 8, and the femoral, obturator and sciatic nerve in 3 individual patients. (parjournal.net)

For sensory nerve cells, the axon splits after leaving the cell body, with one part projecting from the nerve cell body to capture sensations, while the other forwards the information to the spinal cord and brain. (brightsurf.com)

Your surgeon can remove the damaged section and reconnect healthy nerve ends (nerve repair) or implant a piece of nerve from another part of your body (nerve graft). (mayoclinic.org)
When it cannot be performed, the actual strategies consist of the positioning of a nerve graft between the two stumps. (mdpi.com)

Priming the stump in peripheral nerve injury (Commentary on Zhang et al. (elsevier.com)

Compared to sham controls, peripheral nerve injury significantly decreased mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and increased glutamate-evoked Ca2+ signals. (uky.edu)

The spinal accessory nerve is the 11th of 12 cranial nerves, which originate in the brain. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The brachial plexus is a network of peripheral nerves that originate in the neck region and branch off to various muscles of the arm to control movement and sensation in the shoulders, arm, forearm and hand. (nicklauschildrens.org)

Retrograde cell death in sensory dorsal root ganglion cells following peripheral nerve injury is well established. (diva-portal.org)

CONCLUSIONS: Substantial long-term disability (high DASH scores) was found in patients after nerve injury that was predicted by higher pain, older age, and brachial plexus injury. (iwh.on.ca)
Therefore, obstetric brachial plexus injury - and events precipitated by the injury - were instrumental in moulding the Kaiser's perspective and character which ultimately may have started a devastating world war. (biomedcentral.com)

Nerve conduction studies performed during surgery are often able to help indicate outcome and need for simple cleaning of the nerve (neurolysis) or a more extensive repair with grafting. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Electrical testing performed during surgery confirms that no electrical energy can be passed along the neural pathways in this injured nerve. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The only way to repair a fifth-degree injury is through surgery. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
With vast experience in surgically managing even the most complex peripheral nerve injuries, the Peripheral Nerve Surgery Center offers the skilled intervention you need to address pain and restore optimal function. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
To request an appointment or refer a patient, please contact the Johns Hopkins Peripheral Nerve Surgery Center at 410-614-9923 . (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Iatrogenic injuries during surgery are becoming more widely documented as we begin to see surges in insurance claims. (parjournal.net)
10 patients suffered facial nerve damage (secondary to ear and parotid gland surgery) and 10 suffered trigeminal nerve injury (secondary to maxilary sinus surgery). (parjournal.net)
The high risk procedures that often result in peripheral nerve damage include: osteosynthesis, arthrodesis, posterior triangle lymph node biopsies, carpal tunnel release, surgery for varicose veins, baker cyst excision and inguinal herniorrhaphy. (parjournal.net)
Mingo-Robinet reported a permanent femoral nerve palsy secondary to tourniquet use in patella fracture surgery. (parjournal.net)
Iatrogenic causes such as, inadvertent nerve injury during any type of surgery. (vasileiadismicrohandsurgery.gr)
Not everyone who has nerve compression syndrome qualifies for surgery. (stephenthonmd.com)
He was Nuffield Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Oxford, where his work and publications on peripheral nerve injuries gained him an international reputation. (wikipedia.org)

In mirror image pain, IL-6 protein and mRNA in both lumbar and cervical dorsal root ganglia were elevated bilaterally following unilateral chronic compression injury of the sciatic nerve [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
The one exception is the PNS nerves that live in the upper portion of the spine (the cervical nerve roots) and lower portion of the spine (the lumbar nerve roots). (neckandback.com)

A reversible local conduction block at the site of the injury. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In order to fully determine the extent of the damage to the nerve, the doctor may order an electrical conduction test to determine the passage of electrical currents through the nerves. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Two of these tests are electromyography and nerve conduction velocity. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Nerve conduction study. (mayoclinic.org)
In 1943, Seddon described three basic types of peripheral nerve injury that include: It is a temporary interruption of conduction without loss of axonal continuity. (wikipedia.org)
Conduction is intact in the distal segment and proximal segment, but no conduction occurs across the area of injury. (wikipedia.org)
Recovery of nerve conduction deficit is full, and requires days to weeks. (wikipedia.org)
There is no nerve conduction distal to the site of injury (3 to 4 days after injury). (wikipedia.org)

Injury of a major nerve trunk frequently results in considerable disability associated with loss of sensory and motor functions. (thewellnesstreegroup.co.uk)

We recorded single units in sensory pain-associated nuclei, the posterior nucleus of the thalamus (PO) and spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (SpVc), which have previously been causally associated with pain after spinal cord injury. (umaryland.edu)

In addition, tables listing innervations of peripheral muscles and joints act as ready references in discerning which muscles and nerves should be addressed during rehabilitation. (epodiatry.com)
In some, the disease seems to start after an injury -- muscle weakness at the site of the injury slowly spreads to new areas until weakness in the muscles responsible for breathing causes suffocation. (news-medical.net)
A nerve injury can affect your brain's ability to communicate with your muscles and organs. (stephenthonmd.com)
Motor nerves - responsible for controlling the movement of all muscles, such as those utilized for talking, walking, gripping things, etc. (stephenthonmd.com)

Nogo-A is not detectable in peripheral nerve myelin. (tripdatabase.com)
It involves loss of the relative continuity of the axon and its covering of myelin, but preservation of the connective tissue framework of the nerve (the encapsulating tissue, the epineurium and perineurium, are preserved). (wikipedia.org)
When a peripheral nerve injury is present, generally the nerve membrane is damaged or the insulation (myelin sheath) is damaged. (neckandback.com)

Birth-related brachial plexus palsy refers to injury of the nerves that lead from the cervical (neck) spinal cord to the arm. (nicklauschildrens.org)

Treatment also is offered for common and more complex nerve-compression injuries. (stlouischildrens.org)
Nerve injury related to tourniquets results from two pathological processes: mechanical compression and neural ischaemia. (parjournal.net)
This is unfortunately the location of compression of a nerve that may occur from a disc herniation. (neckandback.com)
This insulation can be damaged by compression just as the nerve membrane itself can be injured. (neckandback.com)
compression such as from a disc herniation, blunt impact (this can also occur from a disc herniation) and finally, a stretch injury. (neckandback.com)
What is Peripheral Nerve Compression? (stephenthonmd.com)

Anatomy66

Organisms8

Diseases86

Chemicals and Drugs29

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes20

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care9

Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Peripheral Nerves

Sciatic Nerve

Sciatic Neuropathy

Nerve Regeneration

Neuralgia

Spinal Nerves

Nerve Crush

Facial Nerve Injuries

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

Hypoglossal Nerve Injuries

Cranial Nerve Injuries

Axotomy

Optic Nerve Injuries

Hyperalgesia

Trauma, Nervous System

Wounds and Injuries

Ganglia, Spinal

Schwann Cells

Neuroma

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Spinal Cord

Trigeminal Nerve Injuries

Tibial Nerve

Nerve Fibers

Ulnar Nerve

Lingual Nerve Injuries

Wallerian Degeneration

Peripheral Nervous System

Facial Nerve

Posterior Horn Cells

Axons

Femoral Nerve

Optic Nerve

Spinal Cord Injuries

Ligation

Neurons, Afferent

Brain Injuries

Laryngeal Nerve Injuries

Pain

Nerve Sheath Neoplasms

Sural Nerve

Median Nerve

Nerve Block

Neural Conduction

Nerve Compression Syndromes

Disease Models, Animal

Pain Threshold

Sensory Receptor Cells

Tibial Neuropathy

Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms

Pain Measurement

Spinal Nerve Roots

Hyperesthesia

Myelin Sheath

Athletic Injuries

Hand Injuries

Nerve Transfer

Injections, Spinal

Nerve Fibers, Myelinated

Reperfusion Injury

Peroneal Nerve

Physical Stimulation

Microglia

Accessory Nerve Injuries

Recovery of Function

Nerve Growth Factors

Behavior, Animal

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries

Wounds, Penetrating

Nociceptors

Immunohistochemistry

Neuritis

Motor Neurons

Satellite Cells, Perineuronal

Time Factors

Analgesics

Radial Nerve

Denervation

Sciatica