Neomycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It is composed of neomycins A, B, and C. It acts by inhibiting translation during protein synthesis.Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Kanamycin Kinase: A class of enzymes that inactivate aminocyclitol-aminoglycoside antibiotics (AMINOGLYCOSIDES) by regiospecific PHOSPHORYLATION of the 3' and/or 5' hydroxyl.Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.Aminoglycosides: Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTICS.Anti-Bacterial Agents: Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.Paromomycin: An oligosaccharide antibiotic produced by various STREPTOMYCES.Streptomycin: An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis.Drug Resistance, Microbial: The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES rimosus and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.Kanamycin Resistance: Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the antibiotic KANAMYCIN, which can bind to their 70S ribosomes and cause misreading of messenger RNA.Hepatic Encephalopathy: A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Blind Loop Syndrome: A malabsorption syndrome that is associated with a blind loop in the upper SMALL INTESTINE that is characterized by the lack of peristaltic movement, stasis of INTESTINAL CONTENTS, and the overgrowth of BACTERIA. Such bacterial overgrowth interferes with BILE SALTS action, FATTY ACIDS processing, MICROVILLI integrity, and the ABSORPTION of nutrients such as VITAMIN B12 and FOLIC ACID.Breath Tests: Any tests done on exhaled air.Ammonia: A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.Internet: A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.Liver Diseases: Pathological processes of the LIVER.Gastroenterology: A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of the physiology and diseases of the digestive system and related structures (esophagus, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas).Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887)Liver Cirrhosis: Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.Hyperammonemia: Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.Physician-Patient Relations: The interactions between physician and patient.United States Food and Drug Administration: An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.Phytotherapy: Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.Drugs, Chinese Herbal: Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.United StatesUniversal Precautions: Prudent standard preventive measures to be taken by professional and other health personnel in contact with persons afflicted with a communicable disease, to avoid contracting the disease by contagion or infection. Precautions are especially applicable in the diagnosis and care of AIDS patients.Polymyxin B: A mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from Bacillus polymyxa strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B is used for infections with gram-negative organisms, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic.Polymyxins: Basic lipopeptide antibiotic group obtained from Bacillus polymyxa. They affect the cell membrane by detergent action and may cause neuromuscular and kidney damage. At least eleven different members of the polymyxin group have been identified, each designated by a letter.Ointments: Semisolid preparations used topically for protective emollient effects or as a vehicle for local administration of medications. Ointment bases are various mixtures of fats, waxes, animal and plant oils and solid and liquid hydrocarbons.Bass: Common name for FISHES belonging to the order Perciformes and occurring in three different families.Skin: The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)Panuveitis: Inflammation in which both the anterior and posterior segments of the uvea are involved and a specific focus is not apparent. It is often severe and extensive and a serious threat to vision. Causes include systemic diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and syphilis, as well as malignancies. The intermediate segment of the eye is not involved.Neurodermatitis: An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus.Uveitis, Posterior: Inflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis.Drug Implants: Small containers or pellets of a solid drug implanted in the body to achieve sustained release of the drug.Glucocorticoids: A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.Organogold Compounds: Organic compounds that contain GOLD as an integral part of the molecule. Some are used as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS. The term chrysotherapy derives from an ancient Greek term for gold.Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.Administration, Oral: The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.Absorption: The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.Biological Availability: The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.Clotrimazole: An imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. It inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol, an important component of fungal CELL MEMBRANES. Its action leads to increased membrane permeability and apparent disruption of enzyme systems bound to the membrane.Dexamethasone: An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.Biological Products: Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or matter derived from organisms usually obtained by biological methods or assay.Materia Medica: Materials or substances used in the composition of traditional medical remedies. The use of this term in MeSH was formerly restricted to historical articles or those concerned with traditional medicine, but it can also refer to homeopathic remedies. Nosodes are specific types of homeopathic remedies prepared from causal agents or disease products.Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.Health Food: A non-medical term defined by the lay public as a food that has little or no preservatives, which has not undergone major processing, enrichment or refinement and which may be grown without pesticides. (from Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Prodigious substrate specificity of AAC(6')-APH(2"), an aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance determinant in enterococci and staphylococci. (1/850)
BACKGROUND: High-level gentamicin resistance in enterococci and staphylococci is conferred by AAC(6')-APH(2"), an enzyme with 6'-N-acetyltransferase and 2"-O-phosphotransferase activities. The presence of this enzyme in pathogenic gram-positive bacteria prevents the successful use of gentamicin C and most other aminoglycosides as therapeutic agents. RESULTS: In an effort to understand the mechanism of aminoglycoside modification, we expressed AAC(6')-APH(2") in Bacillus subtilis. The purified enzyme is monomeric with a molecular mass of 57 kDa and displays both the expected aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase and O-phosphotransferase activities. Structure-function analysis with various aminoglycosides substrates reveals an enzyme with broad specificity in both enzymatic activities, accounting for AAC(6')-APH(2")'s dramatic negative impact on clinical aminoglycoside therapy. Both lividomycin A and paromomycin, aminoglycosides lacking a 6'-amino group, were acetylated by AAC(6')-APH(2"). The infrared spectrum of the product of paromomycin acetylation yielded a signal consistent with O-acetylation. Mass spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the products of neomycin phosphorylation indicated that phosphoryl transfer occurred primarily at the 3'-OH of the 6-aminohexose ring A, and that some diphosphorylated material was also present with phosphates at the 3'-OH and the 3"'-OH of ring D, both unprecedented observations for this enzyme. Furthermore, the phosphorylation site of lividomycin A was determined to be the 5"-OH of the pentose ring C. CONCLUSIONS: The bifunctional AAC(6')-APH(2") has the capacity to inactivate virtually all clinically important aminoglycosides through N- and O-acetylation and phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups. The extremely broad substrate specificity of this enzyme will impact on future development of aminoglycosides and presents a significant challenge for antibiotic design. (+info)Position-dependent inhibition of class-switch recombination by PGK-neor cassettes inserted into the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region locus. (2/850)
The Ig heavy chain (IgH) constant region (CH) genes are organized from 5' to 3' in the order Cmicro, Cdelta, Cgamma3, Cgamma1, Cgamma2b, Cgamma2a, Cepsilon, and Calpha. Expression of CH genes downstream of Cdelta involves class-switch recombination (CSR), a process that is targeted by germ-line transcription (GT) of the corresponding CH gene. Previously, we demonstrated that insertion of a PGK-neor cassette at two sites downstream of Calpha inhibits, in cultured B cells, GT of and CSR to a subset of CH genes (including Cgamma3, Cgamma2a, Cgamma2b, and Cepsilon) that lie as far as 120 kb upstream. Here we show that insertion of the PGK-neor cassette in place of sequences in the Igamma2b locus inhibits GT of and CSR to the upstream Cgamma3 gene, but has no major effect on the downstream Cgamma2a and Cepsilon genes. Moreover, replacement of the Cepsilon exons with a PGK-neor cassette in the opposite transcriptional orientation also inhibits, in culture, GT of and CSR to the upstream Cgamma3, Cgamma2b, and Cgamma2a genes. As with the PGK-neor insertions 3' of Calpha studied previously, the Cgamma1 and Calpha genes were less affected by these mutations both in culture and in mice, whereas the Cgamma2b gene appeared less affected in vivo. Our findings support the existence of a long-range 3' IgH regulatory region required for GT of and CSR to multiple CH genes and suggest that PGK-neor cassette insertion into the locus short circuits the ability of this region to facilitate GT of dependent CH genes upstream of the insertion. (+info)The role of the pseudo-disaccharide neamine as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of neomycin. (3/850)
By using wild-type and deoxystreptamine-negative mutants of Streptomyces fradiae grown in media containing [6(-3)H]glucose or [U-14C]glucose, and by subsequent hydrolysis of the labelled neomycin produced, neamines labelled with 3H in both rings I and II, but with 14C in ring I only, were prepared. A mixture of these two forms of neamine was converted by deoxystreptamine-negative Streptomyces rimosus forma paromomycinus into neomycin (not paromomycin) with a 30% yield. The3H: 14C ratio in this neomycin was the same as the measured in neamine produced by hydrolysis of the neomycin, and in unused neamine reisolated from the incubation medium. The 3H:14C ratio in the neomycin was not affected by the presence of unlabelled deoxystreptamine during the incubation. The radioactivity in the neomycin was associated with rings I and II only. It is concluded that the added neamine is incorporated into antibiotic intact, without initial hydrolysis, and that the probable first step in the subunit assembly of neomycin is the formation of neamine. (+info)A conserved sequence block in the murine and human TCR J alpha region: assessment of regulatory function in vivo. (4/850)
Temporal control of rearrangement at the TCR alpha/delta locus is crucial for development of the gamma delta and alpha beta T cell lineages. Because the TCR delta locus is embedded within the alpha locus, rearrangement of any V alpha-J alpha excises the delta locus, precluding expression of a functional gamma delta TCR. Approximately 100 kb spanning the C delta-C alpha region has been sequenced from both human and mouse, and comparison has revealed an unexpectedly high degree of conservation between the two. Of interest in terms of regulation, several highly conserved sequence blocks (> 90% over > 50 bp) were identified that did not correspond to known regulatory elements such as the TCR alpha and delta enhancers or to coding regions. One of these blocks lying between J alpha 4 and J alpha 3, which appears to be conserved in other vertebrates, has been shown to augment TCR alpha enhancer function in vitro and differentially bind factors from nuclear extracts. To further assess a plausible regulatory role for this element, we have created mice in which this conserved sequence block is either deleted or replaced with a neomycin resistance gene driven by the phosphoglycerate kinase promoter (pgk-neor). Deletion of this conserved sequence block in vivo did have a local effect on J alpha usage, echoing the in vitro data. However, its replacement with pgk-neor had a much more dramatic, long range effect, perhaps underscoring the importance of maintaining overall structure at this locus. (+info)Integrin-regulated secretion of interleukin 4: A novel pathway of mechanotransduction in human articular chondrocytes. (5/850)
Chondrocyte function is regulated partly by mechanical stimulation. Optimal mechanical stimulation maintains articular cartilage integrity, whereas abnormal mechanical stimulation results in development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The responses of signal transduction pathways in human articular chondrocytes (HAC) to mechanical stimuli remain unclear. Previous work has shown the involvement of integrins and integrin-associated signaling pathways in activation of plasma membrane apamin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ channels that results in membrane hyperpolarization of HAC after 0. 33 Hz cyclical mechanical stimulation. To further investigate mechanotransduction pathways in HAC and show that the hyperpolarization response to mechanical stimulation is a result of an integrin-dependent release of a transferable secreted factor, we used this response. Neutralizing antibodies to interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-4 receptor alpha inhibit mechanically induced membrane hyperpolarization and anti-IL-4 antibodies neutralize the hyperpolarizing activity of medium from mechanically stimulated cells. Antibodies to interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and cytokine receptors, interleukin 1 receptor type I and the common gamma chain/CD132 (gamma) have no effect on me- chanically induced membrane hyperpolarization. Chondrocytes from IL-4 knockout mice fail to show a membrane hyperpolarization response to cyclical mechanical stimulation. Mechanically induced release of the chondroprotective cytokine IL-4 from HAC with subsequent autocrine/paracrine activity is likely to be an important regulatory pathway in the maintenance of articular cartilage structure and function. Finally, dysfunction of this pathway may be implicated in OA. (+info)Improved reporter strain for monitoring Cre recombinase-mediated DNA excisions in mice. (6/850)
Effective use of conditional Cre recombinase-loxP gene modification requires Cre-expressing mouse strains with defined patterns of expression. To assess the in vivo functionality of Cre-expressing mice, we have engineered an improved reporter strain for monitoring Cre-mediated excisions. The beta-galactosidase-neomycin phosphotransferase fusion gene (betageo)-trapped ROSA26 locus was modified by gene targeting such that betageo is expressed only after Cre-mediated excision of loxP-flanked DNA sequences. betageo from the excised ROSA26 allele is expressed ubiquitously in embryos and adult mice. By mating the reporter strain with Cre-expressing transgenic mice, we have shown that the loxP-flanked ROSA26 allele is accessible to Cre during early embryogenesis, as well as in a specific hematopoietic lineage (T lymphocytes). This improved reporter strain should facilitate monitoring in vivo Cre-mediated excision events in a variety of experimental contexts. (+info)Aluminum is a weak agonist for the calcium-sensing receptor. (7/850)
BACKGROUND: Aluminum (Al3+) has diverse biological effects mediated through activation of a putative extracellular cation-sensing receptor. A recently identified calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), which has been identified in target tissues for Al3+, may transduce some of the biological effects of Al3+. METHODS: To test this possibility, we transfected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells with a cDNA encoding the rat CaSR and evaluated CaSR expression by Western blot analysis and function by measurement of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels and inositol monophosphate (IP1) generation following stimulation with Al3+ and a panel of CaSR agonists. RESULTS: The CaSR protein was detected by immunoblot analysis in cells transfected with the CaSR cDNA but not in nontransfected HEK 293 cells. In addition, [Ca2+]i levels and IP1 generation were enhanced in a dose-dependent fashion by additions of the CaSR agonists calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), gadolinium (Gd3+), and neomycin only in cells transfected with CaSR. To determine if Al3+ activated CaSR, we stimulated cells transfected with rat CaSR with 10 microM to 1 mM concentrations of Al3+. Concentrations of Al3+ in the range of 10 microM to 100 microM had no effect on [Ca2+]i levels or IP1 generation. In contrast, 1 mM Al3+ induced small but significant increases in both parameters. Whereas Gd3+ antagonized calcium-mediated activation of CaSR, pretreatment with Al3+ failed to block subsequent activation of rat CaSR by Ca2+, suggesting a distinct mechanism of Al3+ action. CONCLUSION: Al3+ is not a potent agonist for CaSR. Because Al3+ affects a variety of target tissues at micromolar concentrations, it seems unlikely that CaSR mediates these cellular actions of Al3+. (+info)The supporting-cell antigen: a receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase expressed in the sensory epithelia of the avian inner ear. (8/850)
After noise- or drug-induced hair-cell loss, the sensory epithelia of the avian inner ear can regenerate new hair cells. Few molecular markers are available for the supporting-cell precursors of the hair cells that regenerate, and little is known about the signaling mechanisms underlying this regenerative response. Hybridoma methodology was used to obtain a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that stains the apical surface of supporting cells in the sensory epithelia of the inner ear. The mAb recognizes the supporting-cell antigen (SCA), a protein that is also found on the apical surfaces of retinal Muller cells, renal tubule cells, and intestinal brush border cells. Expression screening and molecular cloning reveal that the SCA is a novel receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP), sharing similarity with human density-enhanced phosphatase, an RPTP thought to have a role in the density-dependent arrest of cell growth. In response to hair-cell damage induced by noise in vivo or hair-cell loss caused by ototoxic drug treatment in vitro, some supporting cells show a dramatic decrease in SCA expression levels on their apical surface. This decrease occurs before supporting cells are known to first enter S-phase after trauma, indicating that it may be a primary rather than a secondary response to injury. These results indicate that the SCA is a signaling molecule that may influence the potential of nonsensory supporting cells to either proliferate or differentiate into hair cells. (+info)AntibioticSuggest that neomycinAminoglycosidesOintmentKanamycinHypersensitivityColiNeosporin2018MixtureOtotoxicityNeosamineEnzymeHepatic ComaOralIntestinalSubunitPreservativePhosphatidylinositolBelongsAllergicBacteriaAntibioticsTopicalGramicidinDexamethasoneOticMedicationIndicated that neomycin causesExpression of neomycin resistanceTABLETSDrugsDosageAntibacterialShow that neomycinAllergic to neomycinContains neomycinFradiaeActive ingredientInhibitsErythromycinEukaryotic cellsMedicationsMammalianStrainsTopicallyMedicinesCortisporinInhibitionResistanceSulphatePhosphotransferaseHydrocortisone ophthalmicEquivalentAntimicrobialFramycetinSide effectsMutationGenericSpeciesInfections
- Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic found in many topical medications such as creams, ointments, and eyedrops. (wikipedia.org)
- Physicians sometimes recommend using antibiotic ointments without neomycin, such as Polysporin . (wikipedia.org)
- Non- transfected cells will eventually die off when the culture is treated with neomycin or similar antibiotic. (wikipedia.org)
- Neomycin is an antibiotic medication used for cats for a range of bacterial infections and is especially effective for intestinal and skin infections. (wagwalking.com)
- Aminoglycosides like neomycin are not only potent antibiotics but in vitro data suggest that neomycin also acts as a TRPV1-antagonist and alleviates somatic pain responses. (kuleuven.be)
- The results of this study suggest that neomycin induces apoptosis, and that apoptotic cell death can be prevented by treatment with tremetazidine. (elsevier.com)
- It is not given via injection, as neomycin is extremely nephrotoxic even when compared to other aminoglycosides . (wikipedia.org)
- Similar to other aminoglycosides, neomycin has excellent activity against Gram-negative bacteria , and is partially effective against Gram-positive bacteria . (wikipedia.org)
- Neomycin, like other aminoglycosides, has been shown to be ototoxic causing tinnitus , hearing loss, and vestibular problems in a small number of patients. (wikipedia.org)
- In the US, Neomycin (bacitracin/neomycin/polymyxin b topical) is a member of the drug class aminoglycosides and is used to treat Bowel Preparation , Diarrhea , Hepatic Coma and Hepatic Encephalopathy . (drugs.com)
- A formulation for preparing Erythromycin 1% and Neomycin Sulfate Ointment. (ijpc.com)
- Neomycin or kanamycin can be used for prokaryotes , but geneticin (G418) is, in general, needed for eukaryotes . (wikipedia.org)
- To what extent neomycin reduces visceral hypersensitivity remains unknown. (kuleuven.be)
- Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether neomycin can inhibit in vivo TRPV1-dependent hypersensitivity responses in two rat models of visceral pain. (kuleuven.be)
- Oral neomycin treatment changed bacterial faecal content but could not inhibit capsaicin induced visceral hypersensitivity. (kuleuven.be)
- These data indicate that (i.p.) neomycin can inhibit visceral hypersensitivity to distension in a nonbactericidal manner and suggest that TRPV1-modulation may be involved. (kuleuven.be)
- Enterobacter cloacae: >16 μg/ml Escherichia coli: 1 μg/ml Proteus vulgaris: 0.25 μg/ml Standard grade neomycin is composed of a number of related compounds including neomycin A (neamine), neomycin B (framycetin), neomycin C, and a few minor compounds found in much lower quantities. (wikipedia.org)
- Neomycin is typically used as a topical preparation, such as Neosporin ( neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin ). (wikipedia.org)
- Neomycin Sulfate (PH: BP 2018, Ph. (drugs.com)
- and its epimer neomycin C, the latter component accounting for some 5-15% of the mixture. (wikipedia.org)
- The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of TMZ on neomycin-induced ototoxicity in transgenic zebrafish (Brn3C: EGFP). (elsevier.com)
- Neomycin B is composed of four linked parts: D-neosamine, 2-deoxystreptamine (2-DOS), D-ribose, and L-neosamine. (wikipedia.org)
- Neomycin A, also called neamine, contains D-neosamine and 2-deoxystreptamine. (wikipedia.org)
- Neosamine B (L-neosamine B) is most likely biosynthesized in the same manner as the neosamine C (D-niosamine) in neamine biosynthesis, but with an additional epimerization step required to account for the presence of the epimeric neosamine B in neomycin B. Neomycin C can undergo enzymatic synthesis from ribostamycin. (wikipedia.org)
- Veratox ® for Neomycin is a competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative analysis of Neomycin in muscle. (neogen.com)
- Oral neomycin is used to help lessen the symptoms of hepatic coma, a complication of liver disease. (mayoclinic.org)
- Likewise, rats were pretreated with 10 days oral neomycin and then subjected to intracolonic capsaicin. (kuleuven.be)
- Neomycin is used to treat infections (ophthalmic, intestinal and ocular) caused by bacteria, which can result in swelling or inflammation. (wagwalking.com)
- Neomycin binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome and inhibits translation of proteins from mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
- The exception is when neomycin is included, in very small quantities, as a preservative in some vaccines - typically 25 μg per dose. (wikipedia.org)
- Neomycin exhibits a high binding affinity for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), which is a phospholipid component of cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
- Neomycin belongs to aminoglycoside class of antibiotics that contain two or more amino sugars connected by glycosidic bonds . (wikipedia.org)
- Neomycin should not be given to your cat if she has sensitivities or allergies as she may have an allergic reaction to it. (wagwalking.com)
- Despite the ability to heal certain conditions, neomycin has been recorded as causing an allergic reaction and also side effects, such as head tilt or loss of balance may be seen. (wagwalking.com)
- Neomycin has good activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but is very ototoxic. (wikipedia.org)
- Neomycin belongs to aminoglycoside class of antibiotics that contain two or more amino sugars connected by glycosidic bonds . (wikipedia.org)
- Neomycin, polymyxin, and bacitracin are in a class of medications called antibiotics. (medlineplus.gov)
- Neomycin belongs to the family of medicines called antibiotics. (mayoclinic.org)
- Forstrom, L. and V. Pirila, Cross-sensitivity within the neomycin group of antibiotics. (huidziekten.nl)
- Gramicidin, neomycin, and polymyxin B are all antibiotics. (cigna.com)
- Neomycin and polymyxin B are antibiotics that fight bacteria. (cigna.com)
- A different treatment may be necessary for these types of conditions.This product contains neomycin , bacitracin, and polymyxin, antibiotics that work by stopping the growth of bacteria. (medicinenet.com)
- Bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B are antibiotics that kill bacteria on your skin. (cardiosmart.org)
- Assuming you have confusion due to your liver disease called hepatic encephalopathy , some people don't respond to lactulose over time or might not like the taste or bloating associated with it, so other medications like antibiotics ( neomycin , Flagyl and rifaximin ) are used. (healthtap.com)
- Neomycin is a polyamine of the aminoglycoside antibiotics class. (rupress.org)
- Aminoglycosides like neomycin are not only potent antibiotics but in vitro data suggest that neomycin also acts as a TRPV1-antagonist and alleviates somatic pain responses. (kuleuven.be)
- This medication contains neomycin and polymyxin, which are antibiotics that work by stopping the growth of bacteria. (kaiserpermanente.org)
- Neomycin is typically used as a topical preparation, such as Neosporin ( neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin ). (wikipedia.org)
- In the US, Neomycin (bacitracin/neomycin/polymyxin b topical) is a member of the drug class aminoglycosides and is used to treat Bowel Preparation , Diarrhea , Hepatic Coma and Hepatic Encephalopathy . (drugs.com)
- What is the most important information I should know about fluocinolone and neomycin topical? (rexhealth.com)
- Fluocinolone and neomycin topical (for the skin) is a combination medicine used to treat infection, inflammation, and itching caused by a number of skin conditions such as allergic reactions, eczema, seborrhea, and psoriasis. (rexhealth.com)
- Fluocinolone and neomycin topical may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. (rexhealth.com)
- What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking fluocinolone and neomycin topical? (rexhealth.com)
- To make sure fluocinolone and neomycin topical is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have diabetes. (rexhealth.com)
- It is not known whether fluocinolone and neomycin topical passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. (rexhealth.com)
- How should I use fluocinolone and neomycin topical? (rexhealth.com)
- Wash your hands before and after using fluocinolone and neomycin topical, unless you are using the medication to treat the skin on your hands. (rexhealth.com)
- What should I avoid while using fluocinolone and neomycin topical? (rexhealth.com)
- Do not use fluocinolone and neomycin topical on broken or infected skin, or in an open wound. (rexhealth.com)
- Neomycin topical preparations are used to help prevent infections of the skin. (mayoclinic.org)
- Neomycin topical preparations are available without a prescription. (mayoclinic.org)
- Signs of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity have been reported following parenteral use of these drugs and following the oral and topical use of neomycin (see WARNINGS ). (rxlist.com)
- The combination of bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B topical (for the skin) is used to treat and prevent infections in minor cuts, scrapes, or burns on your skin. (cardiosmart.org)
- Yes, you can use topical creams or ointments containing neomycin and polymyxin if you are allergic to e-mycin, also called erythromycin . (healthtap.com)
- To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of topical polymyxin B, neomycin, and gramicidin for the treatment of suspected bacterial corneal ulceration at the Leiden University Medical Center. (bmj.com)
- The ophthalmic form of gramicidin, neomycin, and polymyxin B is used to treat bacterial infections of the eyes. (cigna.com)
- Gramicidin, neomycin, and polymyxin B ophthalmic may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide. (cigna.com)
- Who should not use gramicidin, neomycin, and polymyxin B ophthalmic? (cigna.com)
- Do not use gramicidin, neomycin, and polymyxin B ophthalmic if you have a viral or fungal infection in your eye. (cigna.com)
- It is not known whether gramicidin, neomycin, and polymyxin B ophthalmic will harm an unborn baby. (cigna.com)
- It is not known whether gramicidin, neomycin, and polymyxin B ophthalmic passes into breast milk. (cigna.com)
- How should I use gramicidin, neomycin, and polymyxin B ophthalmic? (cigna.com)
- Use gramicidin, neomycin, and polymyxin B eyedrops exactly as directed by your doctor. (cigna.com)
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- Gramicidin, neomycin, and polymyxin B ophthalmic may cause blurred vision. (cigna.com)
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- This study shows that the combination of polymyxin B, neomycin, and gramicidin is an effective and safe treatment of suspected corneal ulceration. (bmj.com)
- The combination of polymyxin B, neomycin, and gramicidin (Polyspectran, Alcon, Gorinchem, The Netherlands) offers a broad spectrum activity against Gram negative as well as Gram positive bacteria including staphylococci, streptococci, and P aeruginosa . (bmj.com)
- On the basis of its broad antibacterial activity, we made the combination of polymyxin B, gramicidin, and neomycin the standard treatment of suspected bacterial corneal ulceration. (bmj.com)
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- Code: 363 phosphate or diphosphate dexamethasone neomycin sulphate, 0.1% solution and 0.35%, 7.5 ml dropper bottle. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Ophth Per g oint or per mL susp contains dexamethasone 0.1%, neomycin sulfate equiv to neomycin 3.5 mg and polymyxin B sulfate 10,000 u. (mims.com)
- Dexamethasone/neomycin/polymyxin B: Sufficiently absorbed after ophthalmic application to exert pharmacological effects. (mims.com)
- Disclaimer: This information is independently developed by MIMS based on Dexamethasone + Neomycin + Polymyxin B from various references and is provided for your reference only. (mims.com)
- Can I but maxitrol (dexamethasone neomycin and polymyxin) over the counter? (healthtap.com)
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- Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfates and Dexamethasone [Physicians Total Care, Inc. (bioportfolio.com)
- You should not use hydrocortisone, neomycin, and polymyxin B otic if you have a hole in your ear drum (ruptured ear drum), or an ear infection caused by chickenpox, or herpes infection. (cigna.com)
- Hydrocortisone, neomycin, and polymyxin B otic (for the ears) is a combination medicine used to treat outer ear infections caused by bacteria. (cigna.com)
- FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether hydrocortisone, neomycin, and polymyxin B otic will harm an unborn baby. (cigna.com)
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- Do not use hydrocortisone, neomycin, and polymyxin B otic for longer than 10 days in a row unless your doctor tells you to. (cigna.com)
- Read user comments about the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of neomycin-colist-HC-thonzonium otic. (webmd.com)
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- Is it common for Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfates and Hydrocortisone Otic Suspension USP 10 mL to cause pain with swimmers ear and a middle ear infec? (healthtap.com)
- My son is taking neomycin and polymyxin b sulates and hydrocortisone otic suspension usb for swimmers ear? (healthtap.com)
- You should not use this medication if you are allergic to bacitracin, neomycin, or polymyxin B. (cardiosmart.org)
- The in vitro genotoxicity data available at the forty-third meeting indicated that neomycin causes chromosomal aberrations, but only a limited number of studies were available and these had been poorly performed. (inchem.org)
- Since this Bg/II site lies in an inverted repeat region, sequences within this repeat seem to be involved in the expression of neomycin resistance. (nih.gov)
- It combines a prokaryotic promoter (gb2) for expression of kanamycin resistance in E.coli with a eukaryotic promoter (PGK) for expression of neomycin resistance in mammalian cells. (bio-medicine.org)
- To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of neomycin sulfate tablets and other antibacterial drugs, neomycin sulfate tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (1800petmeds.com)
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to neomycin or any other drugs. (medlineplus.gov)
- In 11 out of 14 patients who had received neomycin for three months to eight years most of the faecal coliforms were resistant to at least four antimicrobial drugs and capable of transferring this resistance to others. (bmj.com)
- What is the recommended dosage of Polymyxin B Sulfate-Bacitracin Zinc-Neomycin Sulfate? (internationaldrugmart.com)
- The dosage of Polymyxin B Sulfate-Bacitracin Zinc-Neomycin Sulfate prescribed to each patient will vary. (internationaldrugmart.com)
- It could be concluded that a combination of AgNPs with either gentamicin or neomycin showed synergistic antibacterial properties in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from mastitis. (scirp.org)
- We are able to show that neomycin, an easily manageable and commercially available compound, inhibits JA-mediated responses across the plant kingdom. (springer.com)
- If I am allergic to neomycin will I be allergic to polymyxin? (healthtap.com)
- Is my baby allergic to neomycin? (healthtap.com)
- Each mL contains neomycin sulfate equivalent to 40 mg neomycin base, 200,000 units polymyxin B sulfate, and Water for Injection. (rxlist.com)
- sp{13}$C$\sb6$) Glucose (3) was supplemented to seven-days old resting cells of neomycin B-proucing S.fradiae. (illinois.edu)
- Neomycin Sulfate is the sulfate salt of neomycin B and C which are produced by the growth of Streptomyces fradiae Waksman (Fam. (bioportfolio.com)
- The medicines below all contain the following active ingredient(s): neomycin sulfate. (healthdirect.gov.au)
- Active ingredient (in each gram) neomycin sulfate (equivalent to 3.5 mg neomycin base). (cpr-savers.com)
- Neomycin binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome and inhibits translation of proteins from mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
- Neomycin selectively inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction in the guinea pig trachea. (aspetjournals.org)
- Cefoxitin versus erythromycin, neomycin, and cefazolin in colorectal operations. (nih.gov)
- Patients receiving cefoxitin had a higher wound infection rate than patients receiving erythromycin-neomycin-cefazolin (12.5% v 3.2%, respectively, p = .06). (nih.gov)
- Cefoxitin prophylaxis was as effective as erythromycin-neomycin-cefazolin in patients undergoing surgical procedures of 4 hours or less (infection rates of 4.8% and 4.0%, respectively). (nih.gov)
- However, for surgical procedures lasting more than 4 hours, 5 of 14 patients (37.5%) receiving cefoxitin developed a wound infection v 0 of 13 patients receiving erythromycin-neomycin-cefazolin (p less than .05). (nih.gov)
- It is speculative as to whether frequent two-gram doses of cefoxitin given during the operation would provide prophylaxis equivalent to erythromycin-neomycin-cefazolin. (nih.gov)
- 1991 ). In eukaryotic cells, neomycin is described as a non-specific inhibitor of phospholipase C that finally affects the formation of inositol trisphosphate (IP 3 ). (springer.com)
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- U-4567 (Neomycin Sulfate): Evaluation of U-4567 (Neomycin sulfate) in the ASA52/XPRT mammalian cell mutation assay with and without metabolic activation. (inchem.org)
- Membrane-bound neomycin phosphotransferase confers drug-resistance in mammalian cells: a marker for high-efficiency targeting of genes encoding sec. (nih.gov)
- Neomycin is mainly used topically in the treatment of skin and mucous membrane infections, wounds, and burns. (thefreedictionary.com)
- ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS NEOMYCIN First draft prepared by Dr K.N. Woodward Veterinary Medicines Directorate Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom 1. (inchem.org)
- Can you use a cortisporin (neomycin polymyxin and hydrocortisone) ear suspension to prevent an ear infection? (healthtap.com)
- Cortisporin ( neomycin polymyxin and hydrocortisone ) ear suspension is one of the treatments for a current external ear infection ("swimmers ear"), but is not used for prevention. (healthtap.com)
- The inhibition of canine renal sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) by neomycin was examined. (eurekamag.com)
- Preincubation of the ATPase with phosphoinositides was found to prevent the inhibition by neomycin. (eurekamag.com)
- Ikemoto, Noriaki 2007-09-18 00:00:00 In this study, we present evidence for the mechanism of neomycin inhibition of skeletal ryanodine receptors (RyRs). (deepdyve.com)
- In single-channel recordings, neomycin produced monophasic inhibition of RyR open probability and biphasic inhibition of [3H]ryanodine binding. (deepdyve.com)
- The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for channel blockade by neomycin was dependent on membrane potential and cytoplasmic [Ca2+], suggesting that neomycin acts both as a pore plug and as a competitive antagonist at a cytoplasmic Ca2+ binding site that causes allosteric inhibition. (deepdyve.com)
- Therefore, a new high-affinity class of Ca2+ binding site(s) on the RyR exists that mediates neomycin inhibition. (deepdyve.com)
- Neomycin plugging of the channel pore induced brief (1-2 ms) conductance substates at 30% of the fully open conductance, whereas allosteric inhibition caused complete channel closure with durations that depended on the neomycin concentration. (deepdyve.com)
- We quantitatively account for these results using a dual inhibition model for neomycin that incorporates voltage-dependent pore plugging and Ca2+-dependent allosteric inhibition. (deepdyve.com)
- In this study, we present evidence for the mechanism of neomycin inhibition of skeletal ryanodine receptors (RyRs). (deepdyve.com)
- Neomycin resistance is conferred by either one of two aminoglycoside phosphotransferase genes. (wikipedia.org)
- In the paper " A novel inducible protein production system and neomycin resistance as selection marker for Methanosarcina mazei " we stated that there was no inducible protein production system available for methanogenic archaea. (hindawi.com)
- Tn5 plasmid limit the sequences encoding neomycin resistance to a 1500-base-pair-long segment of Tn5. (nih.gov)
- Insertion of DNA at a Bg/II site within this segment results in loss of the neomycin resistance phenotype. (nih.gov)
- The diagnosis of allergic hand eczema was confirmed if a patch test to Thiuram mix, neomycin sulphate , lanolin, Mercaptomix, paratertiary butyl phenol formaldehyde resin and/or nickel sulphate was positive among the population studied. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Bacitracin Zinc 400 Units, Neomycin Sulphate 3400 Unit In 5 Gm Tube, Mfg: - G. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Polymaxin B Sulphate 5000 IU Zinc Basitracin 400 IU Zinc Neomycin Sulphate 3400 IU. (thefreedictionary.com)
- To overcome this problem, we tested the possibility of anchoring in the membrane the cytoplasmic neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT). (nih.gov)
- What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B and hydrocortisone ophthalmic? (peacehealth.org)
- It has a potency equivalent to not less than 600 μg of neomycin per mg. (rxlist.com)
- Description: Each gram contains Bacitracin Zinc 400 units, Neomycin Sulfate 5 mg (equivalent to 3.5 mg of neomycin base), Polymyxin B Sulfate 10,000 units, in a base of White Petrolatum and Mineral Oil. (medi-vet.com)
- It has a potency equivalent to not less than 600 micrograms of neomycin base per milligram, calculated on an anhydrous basis. (bioportfolio.com)
- Patients with hypercholesterolaemia are often treated with the antimicrobial agent neomycin. (bmj.com)
- Enterobacter cloacae: >16 μg/ml Escherichia coli: 1 μg/ml Proteus vulgaris: 0.25 μg/ml Standard grade neomycin is composed of a number of related compounds including neomycin A (neamine), neomycin B (framycetin), neomycin C, and a few minor compounds found in much lower quantities. (wikipedia.org)
- Agathos, M., Anaphylactic reaction to framycetin (neomycin B) and lignocaine. (huidziekten.nl)
- Neomycin may cause side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
- Neomycin, polymyxin, and bacitracin combination may cause side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
- Serious side effects, such as damage to hearing, sense of balance, and kidneys may occur in elderly patients, who are usually more sensitive than younger adults to the effects of neomycin. (mayoclinic.org)
- List Neomycin-Fluocinolone-Emol #65 Cream side effects by likelihood and severity. (webmd.com)
- Neomycin was negative in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay, although the maximum concentration used was limited to 75 g/plate, owing to cytotoxicity. (inchem.org)
- In this work, ES cells were transfected by electroporation with a construct containing a specific genomic sequence harbouring the required mutation, along with the neomycin phophortransferase positive selection cassette (NEO) for selection of positive recombinants, flanked by two homology sequences ("arms") driving the recombination [ 2 , 3 ]. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
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- Effects of neomycin have been described in different plant species. (springer.com)
- Neomycin-sensitive infections. (vetstream.com)