Natriuretic agents. Medical search

Endogenous or exogenous chemicals that regulate the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in the body. They consist of peptides and non-peptide compounds.

A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.

A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.

Cell surface proteins that bind ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. They contain intrinsic guanylyl cyclase activity.

A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.

Peptides that regulate the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in the body, also known as natriuretic peptide hormones. Several have been sequenced (ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; C-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE).

Sodium excretion by URINATION.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. It also acts on ITP and dGTP. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.6.1.2.

Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Enzyme that is a major constituent of kidney brush-border membranes and is also present to a lesser degree in the brain and other tissues. It preferentially catalyzes cleavage at the amino group of hydrophobic residues of the B-chain of insulin as well as opioid peptides and other biologically active peptides. The enzyme is inhibited primarily by EDTA, phosphoramidon, and thiorphan and is reactivated by zinc. Neprilysin is identical to common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA Antigen), an important marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia. There is no relationship with CALLA PLANT.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Protein precursors, also known as proproteins or prohormones, are inactive forms of proteins that undergo post-translational modification, such as cleavage, to produce the active functional protein or peptide hormone.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Characterization of natriuretic peptide production by adult heart atria. (1/116)

The cardiac polypeptide hormones atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are synthesized and costored by atrial cardiocytes and share receptors and many biologic properties. Although some aspects of their synthesis and release are specific for each peptide, it is not clear whether they share intracellular sorting and secretory mechanisms. In the present work we take advantage of a stable isolated rat atrial preparation that allows, for the first time, long-term study of synthesis, trafficking, targeting, and secretion of ANF and BNP by adult atrial muscle. Three model stimuli of secretion were used: increased intra-atrial pressure, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and phenylephrine (PE), representing mechanical, hormonal, and alpha1-adrenergic stimuli, respectively. To gain further insight into the secretory process under basal and agonist-induced secretion, we employed agents known to inhibit protein synthesis (cycloheximide) or to interfere with the vectorial transport of protein targeted for secretion (brefeldin A and monensin). All these agents induced significant changes in ANF and BNP release. Cycloheximide decreased natriuretic peptide secretion under basal and stimulated conditions. Brefeldin A dramatically increased basal as well as stimulated secretion of ANF and BNP. Monensin partially decreased basal ANF and BNP secretion and completely blocked stimulated secretion. None of these agents modified proteolytic processing as assessed by reverse-phase HPLC analysis. Double-label pulse-chase experiments using [3H]- and [14C]leucine demonstrated that the secretory response to ET-1, in contrast to the response to muscle stretch, is based on peptide other than newly synthesized or relatively newly stored ANF. It is concluded that, in adult atrial cardiocytes, ANF and BNP are sorted to constitutive and regulated pathways in a manner that is substantially unique for atrial cardiocytes. In particular, it appears that basal and stimulated ANF and BNP secretion may have a large "constitutive-like" component, as previously defined in other endocrine systems. This type of secretion is based on the preferential release of hormone through vesicles arising from immature secretory granules. The capacity of the atria to release ANF and BNP in response to stimuli, therefore, may depend more on stimulation of the rate of formation of immature granules than on the amount of stored hormone. (+info)

The natriuretic peptide clearance receptor locally modulates the physiological effects of the natriuretic peptide system. (2/116)

Natriuretic peptides (NPs), mainly produced in heart [atrial (ANP) and B-type (BNP)], brain (CNP), and kidney (urodilatin), decrease blood pressure and increase salt excretion. These functions are mediated by natriuretic peptide receptors A and B (NPRA and NPRB) having cytoplasmic guanylyl cyclase domains that are stimulated when the receptors bind ligand. A more abundantly expressed receptor (NPRC or C-type) has a short cytoplasmic domain without guanylyl cyclase activity. NPRC is thought to act as a clearance receptor, although it may have additional functions. To test how NPRC affects the cardiovascular and renal systems, we inactivated its gene (Npr3) in mice by homologous recombination. The half life of [125I]ANP in the circulation of homozygotes lacking NPRC is two-thirds longer than in the wild type, although plasma levels of ANP and BNP in heterozygotes and homozygotes are close to the wild type. Heterozygotes and homozygotes have a progressively reduced ability to concentrate urine, exhibit mild diuresis, and tend to be blood volume depleted. Blood pressure in the homozygotes is 8 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133 Pa) below normal. These results are consistent with the sole cardiovascular/renal function of NPRC being to clear natriuretic peptides, thereby modulating local effects of the natriuretic peptide system. Unexpectedly, Npr3 -/- homozygotes have skeletal deformities associated with a considerable increase in bone turnover. The phenotype is consistent with the bone function of NPRC being to clear locally synthesized CNP and modulate its effects. We conclude that NPRC modulates the availability of the natriuretic peptides at their target organs, thereby allowing the activity of the natriuretic peptide system to be tailored to specific local needs. (+info)

Basic FGF decreases clearance receptor of natriuretic peptides in fetoplacental artery endothelium. (3/116)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is present in the fetoplacental circulation of humans and sheep. The ANP-A receptor is the specific membrane receptor for ANP, which produces cGMP. The clearance receptor of natriuretic peptide (CR) is postulated to modulate local concentrations of ANP, thereby modulating cGMP production through the ANP-A receptor. Recently we reported that fetoplacental basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and cGMP levels are increased dramatically during the third trimester of ovine gestation. Therefore we hypothesized that bFGF will downregulate CR expression in cultured ovine fetoplacental artery endothelial (OFPAE) cells via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal cascade mechanism, thereby causing augmentation of ANP-mediated cGMP production. Western analysis and/or RT-PCR of CR expression were performed after treatment of OFPAE cells with bFGF (10 pg/ml-1 microgram/ml) with or without 50 microM PD-98059, a selective inhibitor of MAPK kinase. To investigate the possible effects of CR downregulation on the functional modulation of ANP-A receptor activation, cGMP production (20 min) by OFPAE cells was measured in response to ANP (10 pM-1 microM) with or without pretreatment (24 h) of 10 ng/ml bFGF. CR expression in OFPAE cells was dose dependently downregulated by 1-10 ng/ml bFGF treatment (maximum -69%), which was completely reversed by pretreatment with PD-98059. Treatment of OFPAE cells with 10 ng/ml bFGF (24 h) did not alter maximum ANP-A activity (cGMP production/20 min), but decreased the apparent ED(50) of ANP to stimulate cGMP production from 2.5 to 0.83 nM, suggesting the possibility that bFGF-mediated downregulation of CR may elevate ANP-mediated cGMP production responses. Thus bFGF downregulates CR mRNA and protein expressions via the MAPK cascade in OFPAE cells. (+info)

G(i-1)/G(i-2)-dependent signaling by single-transmembrane natriuretic peptide clearance receptor. (4/116)

Single-transmembrane natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (NPR-C), which is devoid of a cytoplasmic guanylyl cyclase domain, interacts with pertussis toxin (PTx)-sensitive G proteins to activate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expressed in gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells. We examined the ability of NPR-C to activate other effector enzymes in eNOS-deficient tenia coli smooth muscle cells; these cells expressed NPR-C and NPR-B but not NPR-A. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), the selective NPR-C ligand cANP-(4-23), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) inhibited (125)I-ANP and (125)I-VIP binding to muscle membranes in a pattern indicating high-affinity binding to NPR-C. Interaction of VIP with NPR-C was confirmed by its ability to inhibit (125)I-ANP binding to membranes of NPR-C-transfected COS-1 cells. In tenia muscle cells, all ligands selectively activated G(i-1) and G(i-2); VIP also activated G(s) via VIP(2) receptors. All ligands stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis, which was inhibited by ANP-(1-11), PTx, and antibodies to phospholipase C-beta3 (PLC-beta3) and Gbeta. cANP-(4-23) contracted tenia muscle cells; contraction was blocked by U-73122 and PTx and by antibodies to PLC-beta3 and Gbeta in intact and permeabilized muscle cells, respectively. VIP and ANP contracted muscle cells only after inhibition of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases. ANP and cANP-(4-23) inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP in a PTx-sensitive fashion. We conclude that NPR-C is coupled to activation of PLC-beta3 via betagamma-subunits of G(i-1) and G(i-2) and to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase via alpha-subunits. (+info)

The structure of the digitalislike and natriuretic factors identified as macrocyclic derivatives of the inorganic carbon suboxide. (5/116)

The Natriuretic and Endogenous DigitalisLike Factors (EDLFs) are disclosed to be cyclomeric and macroring closed derivatives of the inorganic carbon suboxide. The macrocyclic cyclohexamer with six carbon suboxide units has a molar mass of 408.2 Da, as previously been found for the EDLF of animal origin. The anhydrous cyclohexameric factor is lipophilic but is transformed into more hydrophilic derivatives by the stepwise addition of water. Based on the present findings, it appears that EDLFs exist in solution as an equilibrium mixture of lipophilic and hydrophilic forms and not as a single chemical substance. This structural assumption better accounts for the earlier observed highly anomalous properties of EDLFs. The simultaneously found higher molar mass (4,100 and 4,900 Da) macrocyclic carbon suboxide derivatives are tentatively identified as the Natriuretic factors. (+info)

Oxidized LDL increases the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in isolated resistance arteries for Ca(2+) via a rho- and rho kinase-dependent mechanism. (6/116)

BACKGROUND: Oxidized LDL reduces NO-mediated and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated dilations. We studied, in hamster skeletal muscle resistance arteries (213+/-8 micrometer n=51), whether an altered vascular smooth muscle (VSM) response, particularly sensitization of the VSM contractile apparatus to Ca(2+), is involved in this oxLDL effect. Methods and Results-VSM or endothelial [Ca(2+)](i) and vascular diameter were measured in response to norepinephrine (0.3 micromol/L), sodium nitroprusside (10 micromol/L), C-type natriuretic peptide (1 to 100 nmol/L), papaverine (0.1 to 10 micromol/L), or the endothelial agonist acetylcholine (ACh, 0.01 to 1 micromol/L). OxLDL significantly increased resting VSM [Ca(2+)](i) (11+/-3%), decreased diameter (8+/-2%), and enhanced norepinephrine-induced constrictions. Dilations to sodium nitroprusside and C-type natriuretic peptide were significantly reduced (by 10+/-2% and 35+/-6%), whereas dose-response curves for papaverine and ACh were shifted to the right, despite unchanged increases in endothelial Ca(2+) after ACh. OxLDL significantly shifted the Ca(2+)-diameter relation to the left, as assessed by stepwise increasing extracellular Ca(2+) (0 to 3 mmol/L) in depolarized skeletal muscle resistance arteries. This sensitization to Ca(2+) by oxLDL was abolished after inhibition of Rho (C3 transferase) or Rho kinase (Y27632). CONCLUSIONS: OxLDL reduces VSM responsiveness to vasodilators by increasing VSM Ca(2+) but preferentially by sensitizing VSM to Ca(2+) via a Rho- and Rho kinase-dependent pathway. (+info)

Effect of water deprivation and hypertonic saline infusion on urinary AQP2 excretion in healthy humans. (7/116)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) mediates water transport in the renal collecting ducts by forming water channels of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the apical plasma membrane. AQP2 is excreted in human urine. We wanted to test the hypothesis that urinary excretion of AQP2 (u-AQP2) reflects the effect of AVP on the renal collecting ducts during water deprivation and hypertonic saline infusion in healthy subjects. Fifteen healthy subjects underwent a 24-h period of fluid restriction. Urine and blood samples were collected at timed intervals. Fifteen healthy subjects were given 7 ml/kg 3% hypertonic saline infusion for 30 min. Urine and blood samples were collected at timed intervals. During fluid restriction, the u-AQP2 rate increased from 3.9 (25th percentile: 3.1; 75th percentile: 5.2) to 7.6 (5.9-9.1; P < 0.001) ng/min, and the plasma AVP (p-AVP) level increased from 0.5 (0.4-0.6) to 3 (1.7-3.3) pmol/l. There was a positive correlation between the maximum change in u-AQP2 rate and the maximum change in p-AVP (r = 0.57, P < 0.03). During the infusion study, u-AQP2 rate was at maximum 90 min after the infusion [baseline: 4.5 ng/min (3.5-4.8); 90 min: 5 ng/min (4.5-6.0) P < 0.02]. p-AVP increased from 1.0 (0.9-1.1) to 1.5 (1.2-1.8; P < 0.002) pmol/l. There was a positive correlation between the maximum change in u-AQP2 rate and the maximum change in p-AVP (r = 0.83; P < 0.0001). It can be concluded that p-AVP and u-AQP2 are increased during thirst and hypertonic saline infusion and that u-AQP2 reflects the action of AVP on the collecting ducts. (+info)

Cardiac natriuretic peptides are related to left ventricular mass and function and predict mortality in dialysis patients. (8/116)

This study was designed to investigate the relationship among brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and left ventricular mass (LVM), ejection fraction, and LV geometry in a large cohort of dialysis patients without heart failure (n = 246) and to test the prediction power of these peptides for total and cardiovascular mortality. In separate multivariate models of LVM, BNP and ANP were the strongest independent correlates of the LVM index. In these models, the predictive power of BNP was slightly stronger than that of ANP. Both natriuretic peptides also were the strongest independent predictors of ejection fraction, and again BNP was a slightly better predictor of ejection fraction than ANP. In separate multivariate Cox models, the relative risk of death was significantly higher in patients of the third tertile of the distribution of BNP and ANP than in those of the first tertile (BNP, 7.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.83 to 18.01, P = 0.00001]; ANP, 4.22 [95% CI, 1.79 to 9.92, P = 0.001]), and a similar difference was found for cardiovascular death (BNP, 6.72 [95% CI, 2.44 to 18.54, P = 0.0002]; ANP, 3.80 [95% CI, 1.44 to 10.03, P = 0.007]). BNP but not ANP remained as an independent predictor of death in a Cox's model including LVM and ejection fraction. Cardiac natriuretic peptides are linked independently to LVM and function in dialysis patients and predict overall and cardiovascular mortality. The measurement of the plasma concentration of BNP and ANP may be useful for risk stratification in these patients. (+info)

Natriuretic agents are substances that increase the secretion of sodium in the urine (natriuresis), which subsequently leads to a decrease in extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure. These agents can be endogenous, such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), which are produced by the heart in response to increased stretching of cardiac muscle cells due to volume or pressure overload. Excessive production of these endogenous natriuretic peptides can contribute to the pathophysiology of heart failure.

Exogenous natriuretic agents, such as loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide), thiazide diuretics, and potassium-sparing diuretics, are used in clinical practice to treat conditions associated with fluid overload, like heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and kidney diseases. These medications act on different parts of the nephron to inhibit sodium reabsorption, thereby promoting natriuresis and diuresis.

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), also known as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), is a hormone that is primarily produced and secreted by the atria of the heart in response to stretching of the cardiac muscle cells due to increased blood volume. ANF plays a crucial role in regulating body fluid homeostasis, blood pressure, and cardiovascular function.

The main physiological action of ANF is to promote sodium and water excretion by the kidneys, which helps lower blood volume and reduce blood pressure. ANF also relaxes vascular smooth muscle, dilates blood vessels, and inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), further contributing to its blood pressure-lowering effects.

Defects in ANF production or action have been implicated in several cardiovascular disorders, including heart failure, hypertension, and kidney disease. Therefore, ANF and its analogs are being investigated as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of these conditions.

Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is a type of natriuretic peptide that is primarily produced in the heart, particularly in the ventricles. Although it was initially identified in the brain, hence its name, it is now known that the cardiac ventricles are the main source of BNP in the body.

BNP is released into the bloodstream in response to increased stretching or distension of the heart muscle cells due to conditions such as heart failure, hypertension, and myocardial infarction (heart attack). Once released, BNP binds to specific receptors in the kidneys, causing an increase in urine production and excretion of sodium, which helps reduce fluid volume and decrease the workload on the heart.

BNP also acts as a hormone that regulates various physiological functions, including blood pressure, cardiac remodeling, and inflammation. Measuring BNP levels in the blood is a useful diagnostic tool for detecting and monitoring heart failure, as higher levels of BNP are associated with more severe heart dysfunction.

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) receptors are specialized proteins found on the surface of certain cells in the body, primarily in the kidneys, heart, and blood vessels. They play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, volume, and electrolyte balance.

There are two main types of ANF receptors: type A and type B. Type A receptors, also known as guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) receptors, are found in the kidneys, heart, and blood vessels. When ANF binds to these receptors, it triggers a series of reactions that lead to an increase in the production of a molecule called cyclic GMP (cGMP). This, in turn, causes vasodilation (relaxation of blood vessels), increased urine production, and reduced sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, all of which help lower blood pressure.

Type B receptors, on the other hand, are found mainly in the brain and have been shown to modulate the release of ANF from the heart. When ANF binds to type B receptors, it inhibits the release of vasopressin, a hormone that helps regulate water balance in the body. This further contributes to the overall effects of ANF on blood pressure and fluid balance.

Overall, ANF receptors are essential components of the complex system that helps maintain homeostasis in the cardiovascular and renal systems.

C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) is a member of the natriuretic peptide family, which are hormones that play crucial roles in cardiovascular homeostasis and renal function. The natriuretic peptides include atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP).

C-type Natriuretic Peptide is primarily produced and secreted by the endothelial cells, and to a lesser extent by the central nervous system, chondrocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells. CNP has a relatively short half-life of approximately 2 minutes due to its rapid clearance by the natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP).

The primary physiological function of C-type Natriuretic Peptide is to regulate vascular tone, endothelial cell growth, differentiation, and survival. It also plays a role in bone development and maintenance by promoting chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. In the kidney, CNP influences renal function through its effects on natriuresis (sodium excretion), diuresis (water excretion), and vasodilation of the afferent arteriole.

CNP binds to the NPR-B receptor, which is widely expressed in various tissues, including vascular endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and neurons. The activation of NPR-B leads to increased intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, which in turn activates protein kinase G (PKG), resulting in vasodilation, anti-proliferative, and natriuretic effects.

Dysregulation of C-type Natriuretic Peptide has been implicated in several pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, bone disorders, and cancer. Therefore, understanding the role of CNP in these processes may provide novel therapeutic targets for treating these diseases.

Natriuretic peptides are a group of hormones that help regulate the balance of sodium and water in the body, as well as blood volume and blood pressure. They are produced by the heart and other tissues in response to stretching or distension of the cells due to increased fluid volume.

There are several types of natriuretic peptides, including:

1. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP): This hormone is produced by the atria of the heart in response to stretching of the atrial walls caused by increased blood volume. ANP promotes sodium and water excretion by the kidneys, which helps lower blood pressure and reduce fluid volume.
2. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP): This hormone is produced by the ventricles of the heart in response to stretching of the ventricular walls caused by increased blood volume or pressure. BNP also promotes sodium and water excretion by the kidneys, as well as dilating blood vessels and reducing the force of heart contractions.
3. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP): This hormone is produced by endothelial cells lining the blood vessels and has similar effects to ANP and BNP, but its main role is to regulate bone growth and development.

Natriuretic peptides have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications in various medical conditions, such as heart failure, hypertension, and kidney disease. Elevated levels of natriuretic peptides may indicate the presence of cardiac dysfunction or damage, while administering synthetic forms of these hormones has been shown to have beneficial effects on blood pressure, fluid balance, and cardiovascular function.

Natriuresis is the process or condition of excreting an excessive amount of sodium (salt) through urine. It is a physiological response to high sodium levels in the body, which can be caused by various factors such as certain medical conditions (e.g., kidney disease, heart failure), medications, or dietary habits. The increased excretion of sodium helps regulate the body's water balance and maintain normal blood pressure. However, persistent natriuresis may indicate underlying health issues that require medical attention.

Guanylate cyclase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which acts as a second messenger in various cellular signaling pathways. There are two main types of guanylate cyclases: soluble and membrane-bound. Soluble guanylate cyclase is activated by nitric oxide, while membrane-bound guanylate cyclase can be activated by natriuretic peptides. The increased levels of cGMP produced by guanylate cyclase can lead to a variety of cellular responses, including smooth muscle relaxation, neurotransmitter release, and regulation of ion channels. Dysregulation of guanylate cyclase activity has been implicated in several diseases, such as hypertension, heart failure, and cancer.

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a important second messenger molecule that plays a crucial role in various biological processes within the human body. It is synthesized from guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the enzyme guanylyl cyclase.

Cyclic GMP is involved in regulating diverse physiological functions, such as smooth muscle relaxation, cardiovascular function, and neurotransmission. It also plays a role in modulating immune responses and cellular growth and differentiation.

In the medical field, changes in cGMP levels or dysregulation of cGMP-dependent pathways have been implicated in various disease states, including pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, erectile dysfunction, and glaucoma. Therefore, pharmacological agents that target cGMP signaling are being developed as potential therapeutic options for these conditions.

Heart failure is a pathophysiological state in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body or do so only at the expense of elevated filling pressures. It can be caused by various cardiac disorders, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Heart failure is often classified based on the ejection fraction (EF), which is the percentage of blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle during each contraction. A reduced EF (less than 40%) is indicative of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while a preserved EF (greater than or equal to 50%) is indicative of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). There is also a category of heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) for those with an EF between 40-49%.

A peptide fragment is a short chain of amino acids that is derived from a larger peptide or protein through various biological or chemical processes. These fragments can result from the natural breakdown of proteins in the body during regular physiological processes, such as digestion, or they can be produced experimentally in a laboratory setting for research or therapeutic purposes.

Peptide fragments are often used in research to map the structure and function of larger peptides and proteins, as well as to study their interactions with other molecules. In some cases, peptide fragments may also have biological activity of their own and can be developed into drugs or diagnostic tools. For example, certain peptide fragments derived from hormones or neurotransmitters may bind to receptors in the body and mimic or block the effects of the full-length molecule.

A biological marker, often referred to as a biomarker, is a measurable indicator that reflects the presence or severity of a disease state, or a response to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers can be found in various materials such as blood, tissues, or bodily fluids, and they can take many forms, including molecular, histologic, radiographic, or physiological measurements.

In the context of medical research and clinical practice, biomarkers are used for a variety of purposes, such as:

1. Diagnosis: Biomarkers can help diagnose a disease by indicating the presence or absence of a particular condition. For example, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a biomarker used to detect prostate cancer.
2. Monitoring: Biomarkers can be used to monitor the progression or regression of a disease over time. For instance, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are monitored in diabetes patients to assess long-term blood glucose control.
3. Predicting: Biomarkers can help predict the likelihood of developing a particular disease or the risk of a negative outcome. For example, the presence of certain genetic mutations can indicate an increased risk for breast cancer.
4. Response to treatment: Biomarkers can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a specific treatment by measuring changes in the biomarker levels before and after the intervention. This is particularly useful in personalized medicine, where treatments are tailored to individual patients based on their unique biomarker profiles.

It's important to note that for a biomarker to be considered clinically valid and useful, it must undergo rigorous validation through well-designed studies, including demonstrating sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and clinical relevance.

Neprilysin (NEP), also known as membrane metallo-endopeptidase or CD10, is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a zinc-dependent metalloprotease. It is widely expressed in various tissues, including the kidney, brain, heart, and vasculature. Neprilysin plays a crucial role in the breakdown and regulation of several endogenous bioactive peptides, such as natriuretic peptides, bradykinin, substance P, and angiotensin II. By degrading these peptides, neprilysin helps maintain cardiovascular homeostasis, modulate inflammation, and regulate neurotransmission. In the context of heart failure, neprilysin inhibitors have been developed to increase natriuretic peptide levels, promoting diuresis and vasodilation, ultimately improving cardiac function.

Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the blood vessels. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is given as two figures:

1. Systolic pressure: This is the pressure when the heart pushes blood out into the arteries.
2. Diastolic pressure: This is the pressure when the heart rests between beats, allowing it to fill with blood.

Normal blood pressure for adults is typically around 120/80 mmHg, although this can vary slightly depending on age, sex, and other factors. High blood pressure (hypertension) is generally considered to be a reading of 130/80 mmHg or higher, while low blood pressure (hypotension) is usually defined as a reading below 90/60 mmHg. It's important to note that blood pressure can fluctuate throughout the day and may be affected by factors such as stress, physical activity, and medication use.

Protein precursors, also known as proproteins or prohormones, are inactive forms of proteins that undergo post-translational modification to become active. These modifications typically include cleavage of the precursor protein by specific enzymes, resulting in the release of the active protein. This process allows for the regulation and control of protein activity within the body. Protein precursors can be found in various biological processes, including the endocrine system where they serve as inactive hormones that can be converted into their active forms when needed.

The myocardium is the middle layer of the heart wall, composed of specialized cardiac muscle cells that are responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It forms the thickest part of the heart wall and is divided into two sections: the left ventricle, which pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, and the right ventricle, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

The myocardium contains several types of cells, including cardiac muscle fibers, connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels. The muscle fibers are arranged in a highly organized pattern that allows them to contract in a coordinated manner, generating the force necessary to pump blood through the heart and circulatory system.

Damage to the myocardium can occur due to various factors such as ischemia (reduced blood flow), infection, inflammation, or genetic disorders. This damage can lead to several cardiac conditions, including heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy.

... the last effect mediated by an agent with the same activity as brain natriuretic peptide. Liquid chromatography/mass ... spectrometry found ample proteins with molecular masses of 2-4 kilodaltons (corresponding with natriuretic peptide), 15 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lace_monitor

... cardiotonic agents MeSH D27.505.954.411.320 - fibrinolytic agents MeSH D27.505.954.411.455 - natriuretic agents MeSH D27.505. ... natriuretic agents MeSH D27.505.696.560.249 - antidiuretic agents MeSH D27.505.696.560.500 - diuretics MeSH D27.505.696.560. ... antiviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077 - anti-retroviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077.088 - anti-hiv agents MeSH ... tocolytic agents MeSH D27.505.954.016 - anti-allergic agents MeSH D27.505.954.122 - anti-infective agents MeSH D27.505.954.122. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D27)

Inotropic Agents, Vasodilators, Nitrates, B-type Natriuretic Peptides, I(f) Inhibitors, ARNIs, Diuretics, Loop, Diuretics, ... The goal in using these pharmacologic agents is to decrease the afterload so that the left ventricle is somewhat spared. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_regurgitation

Inhibitors have been designed with the aim of developing analgesic and antihypertensive agents that act by preventing ... Venugopal J (2003). "Pharmacological modulation of the natriuretic peptide system". Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents. 13 ( ... Inhibitors have been designed with the aim of developing analgesic and antihypertensive agents that act by preventing ... neprilysin's activity against signaling peptides such as enkephalins, substance P, endothelin, and atrial natriuretic peptide. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neprilysin

... (INN, proposed trade name Vanlev) is an experimental antihypertensive agent that was never marketed. It inhibits ... Venugopal J (2 March 2005). "Pharmacological Modulation of the Natriuretic Peptide System". Expert Opinion on Therapeutic ... NEP inhibition results in elevated natriuretic peptide levels, promoting natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, and reductions in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omapatrilat

A modulating agent affects the TGF response without input regarding luminal NaCl. The agents are vasoactive substances that ... Factors that decrease TGF sensitivity include: atrial natriuretic peptide nitric oxide The oxidative stress in the macula dense ... A mediating agent is released or generated as a function of changes in luminal NaCl concentration. The size of the TGF response ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubuloglomerular_feedback

It was the result of extensive research on chemical agents targeting PDE5 that could be effective in treatment of coronary ... Long-term treatment with a PDE5 inhibitor has been shown to enhance natriuretic peptide-cGMP pathway, downregulate Ca2+ ... As of 2011, the long-acting agent tadalafil is licensed for the treatment of urinary symptoms resulting from benign prostatic ... PDE5 has also been considered as a potential therapeutic agent for parasitic disease such as African sleeping sickness. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development_of_phosphodiesterase_5_inhibitors

Similar agents are eplerenone and potassium canreonate.[citation needed] Epithelial sodium channel blockers: amiloride and ... Caffeine when initially consumed in large quantities is both a diuretic and a natriuretic, but this effect disappears with ... Diuretics increase the urine volume and dilute doping agents and their metabolites. Another use is to rapidly lose weight to ... Alternatively, an antidiuretic, such as vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), is an agent or drug which reduces the excretion of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuretic

Hence, we must use the contrasting agent to enhance the images at least to visualize level to Physicians. As molecules of ... B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP).27and Lymphoma cell (Ramos cell lines and Jurkat cell lines) a form of cancer. Other common ... for working as a contrasting agent even over the other novel gases: Inert xenon does not show chemical reaction like other ... Due to this spin relaxation and evolution, these isotopes can be used as contrasting agents to say about the probe can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperpolarization_(physics)

... a task-sharing protocol in multi-agent systems Card not present transaction, with a credit card Certified Nonprofit ... a pelvic pain condition affecting men c-type Natriuretic Peptide, a vasoactive hormone Certified Network Professional program ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNP

These processes are naturally modulated by local paracrine agents from endothelial cells (e.g., nitric oxide, bradykinin, ... causing lightheadedness and a euphoric feeling atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - a weak vasodilator capsaicin (chili) ethanol ... these agents indirectly increase the effects of nitric oxide sildenafil (Viagra) tadalafil (Cialis) vardenafil (Levitra) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilation

Natriuretic peptides Nesiritide which is an analogue of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was shown to result in poorer kidney ... In addition, many neurohormonal and inflammatory agents are implicated in the progression of CRS. These include increased ... However, unlike markers of heart damage or stress such as troponin, creatine kinase, natriuretic peptides, reliable markers for ... Older age Comorbid conditions (diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hypertension, anemia) Drugs (anti-inflammatory agents, diuretics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiorenal_syndrome

Life-threatening - where intensive care such as vasopressor agents and mechanical ventilation is required in order to prevent ... Elevations in brain-natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal (NT)-pro BNP. Evidence of cardiovascular system changes ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfusion-associated_circulatory_overload

Because these diuretics are weakly natriuretic, they do not cause clinically significant blood pressure changes and thus, are ... C03D Potassium-sparing agents Rose BD (February 1991). "Diuretics". Kidney Int. 39 (2): 336-52. doi:10.1038/ki.1991.43. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium-sparing_diuretic

However, the options for antiarrhythmic agents are limited because certain agents can be proarrhythmic in the setting of ... N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) Cardiac rhythm monitors can be used to diagnose tachyarrhythmias. The ... However, the need to continue these agents after treatment of the tacharrhythmia and resolution of left ventricular systolic ... it can be difficult to distinguish which is the causative agent. Additionally, it can occur in patients with or without ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia-induced_cardiomyopathy

Treatment with high dose melphalan, a chemotherapy agent, followed by stem cell transplantation has shown promise in early ... Examples are Aβ, IAPP, Atrial natriuretic factor (in isolated atrial amyloidosis), and Calcitonin (in medullary carcinoma of ... Both may be treated with tafamidis, a low toxicity oral agent that prevents destabilization of correctly folded protein. ... and newer agents such as patisiran require additional studies. Peptide synthesis Proteinopathy Hawkins P (29 April 2015). "AL ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloidosis

Medications used include: diuretic agents, vasodilator agents, positive inotropes, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and ... "Glucocorticoids improve renal responsiveness to atrial natriuretic peptide by up-regulating natriuretic peptide receptor-A ... The inotropic agent dobutamine is advised only in the short-term use of acutely decompensated heart failure, and has no other ... Nesiritide, a recombinant form of B-natriuretic peptide, is indicated for use in patients with acute decompensated heart ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_heart_failure

"Meta-analysis of B type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro B natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of clinical heart failure ... Beta-adrenergic blocking agents (beta blockers) add to the improvement in symptoms and mortality provided by ACE-I/ARB. The ... Brain natriuretic peptide 32 (BNP) is another biomarker commonly tested for heart failure. An elevated NT-proBNP or BNP is a ... Use of the combination agent ARNI requires the cessation of ACE-I or ARB therapy at least 36 hours before its initiation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure

To manage postoperative bleeding, primary closure techniques and local hemostatic agents should be used routinely. To reduce ... The "middle molecules" include: atrial natriuretic peptide, cystatin C, delta sleep-inducing peptide, interleukin-6, tumor ...

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A stimulant, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) increases cGMP production in the kidneys, which increases function of the ... CNG channels play a large role in plant immunity and response to pathogens or external infectious agents. They have also been ...

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Jin R, Koop DR, Raucy JL, Lasker JM (November 1998). "Role of human CYP4F2 in hepatic catabolism of the proinflammatory agent ... a vasoactive and natriuretic eicosanoid, in human kidney. Role of Cyp4F2 and Cyp4A11". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 ...

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Antimuscarinic agents such as oxybutynin, tolterodine, solifenacin are especially used in patients who suffer from nocturia due ... have shown to have increases in renal sodium and water excretion that are mediated by elevated plasma atrial natriuretic ... bladder dysfunction learned voiding dysfunction anxiety disorders urinary tract infection certain pharmacological agents. A ...

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For this purpose, agents to inhibit hemostasis such as low-molecular-weight heparins are used first, along with agents to ... If cardiac disease is present, which is often the case, brain natriuretic peptide is above the reference range. The "kidney ... However, both agents are not approved for use in cats in the EU and must therefore be redirected in the sense of a therapeutic ...

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Biomarkers for increased risk of CAV include C-reactive protein, serum brain natriuretic peptide and troponin I have been ... Later recipients used statins routinely and were introduced to the immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and CMV ...

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... can improve renal responsiveness to atrial natriuretic peptide by increasing the density of natriuretic peptide receptor type A ... "Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal". Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2010 ... "Glucocorticoids improve renal responsiveness to atrial natriuretic peptide by up-regulating natriuretic peptide receptor-A ...

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Kerek F (Sep 2000). "The structure of the digitalislike and natriuretic factors identified as macrocyclic derivatives of the ... Endogenous sulfur dioxide is also a potent antiinflammatory, antioxidant and cytoprotective agent. It lowers blood pressure and ... and endogenous natriuretics and antihypertensives. Other than that, some authors think also that those macrocyclic compounds of ... and have digoxin-like physiological properties and natriuretic and antihypertensive actions. Those macrocyclic carbon suboxide ...

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Spironolactone] was synthesized after the demonstration of the natriuretic effect of progesterone (Landau et al., 1955). ... oil-based drospirenone microcrystal suspensions-evaluation of physicochemical stability and influence of stabilising agents". ...

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152-. ISBN 978-1-85070-322-8. Seldin DW, Giebisch GH (23 September 1997). Diuretic Agents: Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ... and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Left ventricular mass was also lower in the group treated with canrenone and a ... International Agency for Research on Cancer; World Health Organization (2001). Some Thyrotropic Agents. World Health ...

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A peptidergic agent (or drug) is a chemical which functions to directly modulate the peptide systems in the body or brain. An ... July 2002). "D-Amino acid residue in the C-type natriuretic peptide from the venom of the mammal, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, the ... Calcitonin Amylin AGG01 Aromatic short peptides Biomimetic peptides Peptide amphiphiles Peptide dendrimers B-type Natriuretic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide

It is used to treat hypertension as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. The key to the discovery ... Nakano, Stephanie J.; Everitt, Melanie D. (2018). "Neurohormonal Axis and Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure". Heart Failure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renin_inhibitor

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However, studies with furosemide agents and meloxicam have not demonstrated a reduction in natriuretic effect. Furosemide ... Use of meloxicam may blunt the CV effects of several therapeutic agents used to treat these medical conditions (e.g., diuretics ... Clinical studies, as well as post-marketing observations, showed that NSAIDs reduced the natriuretic effect of loop diuretics ( ... Monitor patients with concomitant use of meloxicam with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin), ...

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However, studies with furosemide agents and meloxicam have not demonstrated a reduction in natriuretic effect. Furosemide ... Use of meloxicam may blunt the CV effects of several therapeutic agents used to treat these medical conditions (e.g., diuretics ... Clinical studies, as well as post-marketing observations, showed that NSAIDs reduced the natriuretic effect of loop diuretics ( ... Monitor patients with concomitant use of Meloxicam with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin), ...

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Natriuretic Agents [D27.505.696.560]. *Diuretics [D27.505.696.560.500]. *Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors [ ... Agents that inhibit SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS which are concentrated in the thick ascending limb at the junction of ...

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B-type Natriuretic Peptides. Class Summary. Human B-type natriuretic peptides (hBNPs) such as nesiritide are used in patients ... Inotropic Agents. Class Summary. Inotropic agents such as milrinone, digoxin, dopamine, and dobutamine are used to increase the ... Comparative measurement of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in ambulatory patients with ... mid-regional proatrial natriuretic peptide) and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide). It is indicated to ...

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Kohn The use of fractional excretion of sodium as a guide to renal perfusion is hampered by the prior use of natriuretic agents ...

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Serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was lower in the general population with metabolic syndrome (MetS ... Recent studies also suggested natriuretic peptides are potent lipolytic agents that act in adipose tissue [4, 5]. Low levels of ... The heart secretes two natriuretic peptides, atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP). They are ... Table 2 Clinical characteristics and fasting serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels of 84 elderly persons Full ...

https://dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1758-5996-6-15

Dive into the research topics of Role of brain natriuretic peptide in cerebral vasospasm. Together they form a unique ...

https://cris.biu.ac.il/en/publications/role-of-brain-natriuretic-peptide-in-cerebral-vasospasm-4/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

... astragalus demonstrated natriuretic effects25 and may have additive effects with these agents. ... This can increase the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents, including doxorubicin, etoposide, and vincristine.23 ... Aqueous extract of Astragali Radix induces human natriuresis through enhancement of renal response to atrial natriuretic ...

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Diuretic agents reduce the renal clearance of lithium and add a high risk of lithium toxicity. Refer to the package insert for ... natriuretic, and antihypertensive effects of loop, potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics. Therefore, when ZESTORETIC and non ... Antidiabetic drugs (oral agents and insulin) -dosage adjustment of the antidiabetic drug may be required. ... ZESTORETIC should be used cautiously, if at all, with these agents and with frequent monitoring of serum potassium (See DRUG ...

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Agents not Otherwise Classified - C-Type Natriuretic Peptide. Drug Details. Drug Generic Name. Drug Brand Name. PA Status. Drug ... Agents not Otherwise Classified - Cystinosis Agents. Drug Details. Drug Generic Name. Drug Brand Name. PA Status. Drug Notes. ... Agents not Otherwise Classified - Epinephrine Agents. Drug Details. Drug Generic Name. Drug Brand Name. PA Status. Drug Notes. ... Agents not Otherwise Classified - Melatonin Agents. Drug Details. Drug Generic Name. Drug Brand Name. PA Status. Drug Notes. ...

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The ability of the dilator agents salbutamol, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and isosorbide ... The effect of acute changes in oxygen tension on responses to contractile agents and relaxatory agents in bovine isolated ... although the pattern of response differed between the various agents: The ability of salbutamol to reverse the induced tone was ...

https://theses.gla.ac.uk/75940/

Natriuretic Agents [D27.505.696.560]. *Diuretics [D27.505.696.560.500]. *Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors [D27.505.696.560. ... Agents that inhibit SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS. They act as DIURETICS. Excess use is associated with HYPOKALEMIA. ...

https://profiles.ouhsc.edu/display/24679

Disruption of Kir4.1 significantly increased basal urinary sodium excretion but it abolished the natriuretic effect of ... Disruption of Kir4.1 significantly increased basal urinary sodium excretion but it abolished the natriuretic effect of ... Disruption of Kir4.1 significantly increased basal urinary sodium excretion but it abolished the natriuretic effect of ... Disruption of Kir4.1 significantly increased basal urinary sodium excretion but it abolished the natriuretic effect of ...

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Vessel dilator; kaliuretic peptide; atrial natriuretic factor; long-acting natriuretic peptide; Saline; SC; Mice (nude); 1007D ... Atrial natriuretic factor; Saline; SC; Mice (nude); 1007D; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cancer (small cell lung); ... Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2010; 10(-9-):697-712. ,,, MK-0731; IV; Mice (nude); 24 hours; Animal info (naive); ... 2b)." pg 451; Pumps primed in 37C saline overnight; F10 is a novel antitumor agent;. ...

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However, studies with furosemide agents and Meloxicam have not demonstrated a reduction in natriuretic effect. Furosemide ... Clinical studies, as well as post marketing observations, have shown that NSAIDs can reduce the natriuretic effect of ... in the first few days after initiating or changing Meloxicam therapy in patients receiving warfarin or similar agents, since ...

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Other anti-hypertensive agents:. The effect of other certain anti-hypertensive agents (diuretics and other drugs that low blood ... Due to its natriuretic effect, furosemide reduces the vascular reactivity to catecholamine that is increased in hypertensive ... Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and high doses of salicylates:. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (including coxibs ... Furosemide can be used in combination with aldosterone antagonists in cases in which these agents in monotherapy are not ...

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... and atrial natriuretic peptide [110]. Exercise appears to protect against stress-induced sensitisation of 5-HT DRN neurons ... both of which have traditionally been used in the Americas as calming agents [74]. Following acute administration, one small ... and regulation of various neuroactive agents, including brain derived neurotrophic factor [108] and beta-endorphins [109], ... Aerobic exercise and atrial natriuretic peptide," Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 1127-1130, 2006. ...

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Immunosuppressive Agents, Inflammation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Myocarditis, Myocardium, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain, ... When all therapies fail, biological anti-tumor necrosis factor agents like infliximab may help. These agents need comprehensive ... In pre-existing sarcoidosis, elevated troponins, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), anti-heart, and anti-intercalated disk ...

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Other vasodilators agents, like fenoldopam, B-type natriuretic peptide, and levosimendan, have failed to show any renal benefit ...

https://annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13613-021-00849-x

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Applies only to oral form of both agents. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Separate administration by at least 2 hr. Medications ... Simultaneous administration of sucralfate and furosemide Injection may reduce the natriuretic and antihypertensive effects of ... Applies only to oral form of both agents. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Separate administration by at least 2 hr. Medications ... Applies only to oral form of both agents. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Simultaneous administration of sucralfate and ...

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Journal Article] Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Cold Storage of Donation After Circulatory Death Rat Livers: An Old but ... New Agent for Protecting Vascular Endothelia?2019. *. Author(s). Nigmet Y, Hata K, Tamaki I, Okamura Y, Tsuruyama T, Miyauchi H ...

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... the use of natriuretic peptides as therapeutic agents has grown in importance. The present document is the result of the ... Natriuretic peptides, brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT- ... Natriuretic peptides, brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT- ... the use of natriuretic peptides as therapeutic agents has grown in importance. The present document is the result of the ...

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Natriuretic Hormone. Natriuretic Agents. Phthalein Dyes. Dyes. Progestational Hormones, Synthetic. Progestins. Specialty ... D17 - ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, AND INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS. Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Steroidal. Anti- ... D15 - CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AGENTS. Anti-Anxiety Agents, Benzodiazepine. Anti-Anxiety Agents. ... D10 - LIPIDS AND ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS. Lipids and Antilipemic Agents. D12 - AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES, AND PROTEINS. Parotin. ...

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Serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was lower in the general population with metabolic syndrome (MetS). (biomedcentral.com)
The ability of the dilator agents salbutamol, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) to reverse methacholine-induced tone was also altered by changing the oxygen tension, although the pattern of response differed between the various agents: The ability of salbutamol to reverse the induced tone was attenuated in hypoxia, whereas ANP was more effective in hypoxia than either hyperoxia or normoxia. (gla.ac.uk)
In pre-existing sarcoidosis, elevated troponins, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), anti-heart, and anti-intercalated disk antibodies support CS diagnosis. (acc.org)
Cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling were assessed by such as echocardiography, BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) and the heart weight/body weight ratio (HW/BW). (bvsalud.org)
This experiment was carried out to observe the application value of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), to provide reference for the future treatment of STEMI. (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND: NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) is a potent predictor of death and heart failure (HF) across multiple populations. (bvsalud.org)
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a guanylyl cyclase A (GC-A) agonist. (elsevierpure.com)
Such agents include natriuretic peptides most notably B-type natriuretic peptide (nesiritide), neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibi- tors (thiorphan, phosphoramidon), mixed NEP and ACE inhibitors (omapatrilat), guanylin and uroguanylin, kinins, prostaglandins of the E series, adrenomedullin, relaxin. (best10forexbrokers.com)
B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis. (qxmd.com)
We sought to evaluate the prognostic impact of the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS), who were not referred for aortic valve replacement (AVR). (qxmd.com)
Currently, results are available from two studies with TZD focusing on cardiovascular diseases, including stroke, and from 12 cardiovascular outcome trials focusing on major adverse cardiovascular events associated with new antidiabetic agents (four with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, three with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and five with glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues). (j-stroke.org)
We also discuss evidence from recent large clinical trials of thiazolidinedione (TZD) and new antidiabetic medications such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP1) analogues, which suggest the potential of these agents in primary and secondary stroke prevention. (j-stroke.org)
The hormone is known as brain natriuretic peptide. (scienceblog.com)
We're suggesting that transplanted bone marrow stromal cells may hasten recovery by releasing brain natriuretic peptide and other factors that improve blood flow to the brain and decrease swelling and pressure around the site of injury," said lead investigator Juan Sanchez-Ramos, MD, PhD, professor of neurology and research director at the USF Center for Aging and Brain Repair. (scienceblog.com)
In mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG), P2X3 receptor function is unexpectedly enhanced by pharmacological block of natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), outlining a potential inhibitory role of endogenous natriuretic peptides in nociception mediated by P2X3 receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
One candidate for the role of endogenous negative regulator of sensory ganglion activity is the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). (biomedcentral.com)
There have been numerous studies of qiliqiangxin for cardiovascular diseases, including a double-blind study that associated this agent with a greater than 30% reduction in the surrogate endpoint of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). (groundrushairsports.com)
The patients were also followed with and showed no deterioration by troponin and natriuretic peptide testing and showed no changes in global longitudinal strain with speckle-tracking echocardiography . (medscape.com)
2,000/ μ L [normal for age = 150,000-700,000]), anemia, eosinophilia, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and pro-brain natriuretic peptide, an indicator of poor cardiac function ( Table ). (cdc.gov)

The heart secretes two natriuretic peptides, atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP). (biomedcentral.com)
Kinins (bradykinin and lys-bradykinin) are endogenous vasodilators and natriuretic peptides known best for their ability to antagonize angiotensin-induced vasoconstriction and sodium retention. (nature.com)
Although found in the brain, BNP belongs to a family of atrial natriuretic peptides, hormones made by the heart that exhibit powerful diuretic and blood pressure-lowering characteristics. (scienceblog.com)
In rat models of stroke, these atrial natriuretic peptides have been reported to decrease brain swelling or edema. (scienceblog.com)

Triamterene ia potassium-conserving (antikaliuretic) diuretic with relatively weak natriuretic properties. (alpiedelamuralla.org)
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic and antihypertensive agent. (alpiedelamuralla.org)
Amiloride HCl is potassium-conserving (antikaliuretic) drug that possesses weak (compared with thiazide diuretics) natriuretic, diuretic, and antihypertensive activity. (drugcentral.org)
Amiloride is a potassium-conserving drug that possesses weak natriuretic, diuretic and antihypertensive activity. (pediatriconcall.com)
Amiloride has potassium-conserving activity in patients receiving kaliuretic-diuretic agents. (pediatriconcall.com)
NSAIDS: Reduce the diuretic, natriuretic, and antihypertensive effects of loop, potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics. (pediatriconcall.com)

In humans, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, a potent class of antihypertensive agents, lower blood pressure at least partially by favoring enhanced kinin accumulation in plasma and target tissues. (nature.com)
And most potent AAS responsible for agents should be combined only hypothalamus (a part of the brain): growth hormone-releasing hormone, which stimulates the pituitary to release growth hormone, and somatostatin, which inhibits that release. (edward-kim.com)

Orly F. Kohn The use of fractional excretion of sodium as a guide to renal perfusion is hampered by the prior use of natriuretic agents. (karger.com)
Disruption of Kir4.1 significantly increased basal urinary sodium excretion but it abolished the natriuretic effect of hydrochlorothiazide. (elsevierpure.com)

not, most of these congestive vessels lead over 65 releases of care and are intrinsic failure, both cells that can themselves evenly natriuretic on congestive isoform. (worldclassbows.com)

Agents that inhibit SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS which are concentrated in the thick ascending limb at the junction of the LOOP OF HENLE and KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL. (umassmed.edu)
In addition, it is an antihypertensive agent that blocks renal tubular absorption of sodium and chloride ions. (eushop247.com)

Hyperkalemia Amiloride HCl should not be used in the presence of elevated serum potassium levels (greater than 5.5 mEq per liter).Antikaliuretic Therapy or Potassium SupplementationAmiloride HCl should not be given to patients receiving other potassium-conserving agents, such as spironolactone or triamterene. (drugcentral.org)

These agents are also indicated to reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who with either established cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors. (medscape.com)
These agents are used in heart failure to reduce heart rate and blood pressure. (medscape.com)
By helping irrigate, or restore the blood circulation to the brain, brain natriuretic factor may reduce the extent of damage from stroke or spinal cord injuries. (scienceblog.com)

However, it is unclear whether it is better to prescribe intensive glucose-lowering treatment than conventional treatment for stroke management, and whether specific antidiabetic agents are safer and more efficacious than other drugs for stroke management. (j-stroke.org)
The USF researchers identify bone marrow-derived brain natriuretic factor (BNP) as a potential candidate for treating stroke, spinal cord injury and other neurological damage. (scienceblog.com)

Antispermatogenic Agents" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
Peripheral Nervous System Agents" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)

Citrus: Any ventricle or heart of the Rue flow or the shock of these agents. (augenta.net)

Using various techniques, I assessed: (i) The effect of acute changes in oxygen tension on responses to contractile agents and relaxatory agents in bovine isolated bronchi. (gla.ac.uk)

Researchers at USF and other institutions have demonstrated that some cells from adult bone marrow can be converted with growth factors and other agents into immature nerve cells - both in the laboratory and following transplant into animals. (scienceblog.com)
Project End various death:( expected by agent): Determination expression also has factors of electroanatomic hysteresis, and improves However containing lipophilic hearts. (worldclassbows.com)

Implantable infusion pumps for continuous administration of test agents to unrestrained laboratory animals. (alzet.com)

These agents have moderate afterload reduction properties and cause slight preload reduction. (medscape.com)

When all therapies fail, biological anti-tumor necrosis factor agents like infliximab may help. (acc.org)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Antispermatogenic Agents" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Antispermatogenic Agents" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Antispermatogenic Agents" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Peripheral Nervous System Agents" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)

Agents, either mechanical or chemical, which destroy spermatozoa in the male genitalia and block spermatogenesis. (harvard.edu)

Agents that improve the ability to carry out activities such as athletics, mental endurance, work, and resistance to stress. (nih.gov)

Your failure to detail this agent represents aimed required. (worldclassbows.com)

4. Cardiac natriuretic peptides: hormones with anticancer effects that localize to nucleus, cytoplasm, endothelium, and fibroblasts of human cancers. (nih.gov)
5. Which of the cardiac natriuretic peptides is most effective for the treatment of congestive heart failure, renal failure and cancer? (nih.gov)
9. Atrial natriuretic peptides: anticancer agents. (nih.gov)
17. Natriuretic peptides' metabolic targets for treatment of cancer. (nih.gov)
The aim of this paper is to investigate whether urosepsis is related to irrigation pressure of ureteroscopy (URS) and evaluate the prognostic value of adrenomedullin (ADM) and atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) in URS-induced uroseptic patients. (hindawi.com)
Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP, resp. (hindawi.com)
What are the potential mechanisms underlying elevation of natriuretic peptides with COVID-19 infection? (acc.org)
Natriuretic peptides are biomarkers of myocardial stress and are frequently elevated among patients with severe respiratory illnesses typically in the absence of elevated filling pressures or clinical heart failure. (acc.org)
Given the frequency and non-specific nature of abnormal troponin or natriuretic peptide results among patients with COVID-19 infection, clinicians are advised to only measure troponin or natriuretic peptides if the diagnosis of acute MI or heart failure are being considered on clinical grounds. (acc.org)
Preclinical and clinical data suggest that neprilysin inhibition provides beneficial outcomes in HF patients by preventing the degradation of natriuretic peptides and thereby promoting natriuresis and vasodilatation and counteracting the negative cardiorenal effects of the up-regulated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. (duke.edu)
Biomarkers of myocardial lesions as cardiac troponins T and I and natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP) are more specific and sensitive than echocardiogram (ECHO) and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters. (romj.org)
Natriuretic peptides are a family of hormones/paracrine factors that regulate blood pressure, cardiovascular homeostasis and bone growth. (umn.edu)
Potthast, R & Potter, LR 2005, ' Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of the guanylyl cyclase-linked natriuretic peptide receptors ', Peptides , vol. 26, no. 6 SPEC. (umn.edu)
Using a combination of MO-based knockdowns, pharmacological inhibitors and rescue assays we demonstrate that Npr3 cooperate with guanylate cyclase natriuretic peptide receptor 1 (Npr1) and natriuretic peptides (Nppa/Nppc) to regulate NC and CP formation, pointing at a broad requirement of this signaling pathway in early embryogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
We propose that Npr3 acts as a clearance receptor to regulate local concentrations of natriuretic peptides for optimal cGMP production through Npr1 activation, and as a signaling receptor to control cAMP levels through inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. (elifesciences.org)
Natriuretic peptides constitute a family of three structurally related but genetically distinct paracrine factors, A-type, B-type, and C-type natriuretic peptides, also known as Nppa, Nppb, and Nppc. (elifesciences.org)

19. Immunocytochemical localization of atrial natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, long-acting natriuretic peptide, and kaliuretic peptide in human pancreatic adenocarcinomas. (nih.gov)
The level of a factor that is immunologically cross-reactive with the human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increases more than 6-fold within 6 h following a blood meal by the stable fly. (arizona.edu)
To determine whether high levels of mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), copeptin, and procalcitonin (PCT) plasma concentrations are associated with increased mortality risk. (analesdepediatria.org)
The mammalian family consists of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). (umn.edu)

Use of echocardiography or coronary angiography for COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury or elevated natriuretic peptide should be restricted to those patients in whom these procedures would be expected to meaningfully affect outcome. (acc.org)

HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) diagnosis requires evidence of cardiac structural or functional abnormalities as well as elevated plasma NP (natriuretic peptide) concentrations consistent with LV diastolic dysfunction and increased LV filling pressures. (medscape.com)
are polypeptide hormones comprising the cardiac-derived natriuretic peptide system which are involved in the long-term regulation of sodium and water balance, blood volume, and arterial pressure [ 11 - 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
This study aimed to assess the role of diastolic dysfunction, abnormal myocardial strain and elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the early identification of cardiac involvement in Chagas disease. (plos.org)

Diastolic dysfunction and elevated brain natriuretic peptide levels are present in different cardiomyopathies and in advanced phases of Chagas disease. (plos.org)
We conducted a study to assess the diastolic function, regional systolic abnormalities and brain natriuretic peptide levels in the different forms of Chagas disease. (plos.org)
To observe the level changes of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) of Acute Heart Failure (AHF) patients and re-evaluate the clinical effects and safety of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) in treating AHF. (biomedres.info)
Recombinant human Brain Natriuretic Peptide (rhBNP) is a kind of biological agents synthesized by recombinant technology artificially, it has 32 amino acid sequences and biological activity the same to endogenous BNP. (biomedres.info)
Changes in brain natriuretic peptide and norepinephrine over time and mortality and morbidity in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). (qxmd.com)
We examined whether changes in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and norepinephrine (NE) over time are associated with corresponding changes in mortality and morbidity in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial. (qxmd.com)

The results suggest that the unique natriuretic and calciuric responses to HCTZ occur only in renal hypercalciuric patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. (elsevierpure.com)
Poor prognosis such as ESRD or death was associated with advanced renal dysfunction, insufficient anti-inflammatory treatment and longer disease duration of RA, whereas good prognosis was associated with no renal involvement or mild renal dysfunction, and the use of biologic agents. (fortunejournals.com)
In addition, elderly subjects tend to experience modifications in other cardiovascular and renal parameters that regulate arterial blood pressure, such as increased catecholamine levels, reduced renal blood flow, reduced renal natriuretic capacity, reduced glomerular filtration rate and reduced baroreceptor sensitivity. (who.int)
Reduced renal natriuretic capacity predisposes elderly hypertensives to hyponatraemia, particularly during thiazide therapy and to a higher likelihood to sensitivity to the pressor effect of dietary salt. (who.int)

Among the components of this signaling pathway, we show that natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (Npr3) plays a pivotal role by differentially regulating two developmental programs through its dual function as clearance and signaling receptor. (elifesciences.org)

What testing should be performed in COVID-19 patients with acute myocardial injury or abnormal natriuretic peptide results? (acc.org)

3. New anticancer agents: hormones made within the heart. (nih.gov)

Potter, Lincoln R. / Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of the guanylyl cyclase-linked natriuretic peptide receptors . (umn.edu)
This fundamental work reports the unique finding that specific ligands and receptors in the natriuretic peptide signaling pathway act during early embryogenesis to discriminate between neural crest and cranial placode fates using two distinct mechanisms. (elifesciences.org)

The relationships among B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, body mass index (BMI), and congestive heart failure (CHF) as an emergency diagnosis are unknown. (qxmd.com)

Captopril: A clinical and transparent natriuretic of failure A. It is the atherosclerosis of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a Nontransplant and outside chromosome of distal information incidence. (worldclassbows.com)
Hirano T, Maeda Y, Ebina K, Nagai K, Son Y, Amuro H, Hara R, Hashimoto M, Kumanogoh A. Clinical Course of Amyloid A Amyloidosis Secondary to Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Anti-Rheumatic Drugs Including Biologic Agent: Case Series in Answer Cohort. (fortunejournals.com)
Here we describe the clinical courses of 11 cases among a multicenter cohort with or without treatment of biologic agent. (fortunejournals.com)

Bisoprolol fumarate is a beta 1 -selective (cardioselective) adrenoceptor blocking agent without significant membrane stabilizing or intrinsic sympathomimetic activities in its therapeutic dose range. (nih.gov)
It is also indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effectiveness of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension. (drugbank.com)
One well-known approach uses surfactant micelles to solubilize and transport the therapeutic agent. (justia.com)
In aqueous solution, micelles can incorporate hydrophobic therapeutic agents in the hydrocarbon core of the micelle, or entangled at various positions within the micelle walls. (justia.com)
Although micellar formulations can solubilize a variety of hydrophobic therapeutic agents, the loading capacity of conventional micelle formulations is limited by the solubility of the therapeutic agent in the micelle surfactant. (justia.com)
For many therapeutic agents, such solubility is too low to offer formulations that can deliver therapeutically effective doses. (justia.com)
Another conventional approach takes advantage of the increased solubility of hydrophobic therapeutic agents in lipids, particularly oils, i.e., triglycerides. (justia.com)

An abnormal troponin or natriuretic peptide result should not be considered evidence for an acute MI or heart failure without corroborating evidence. (acc.org)

However, recent data from a large randomized controlled trial compared the novel agent LCZ696, a dual-acting angiotensin receptor blocker and neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi), with the well established angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril and found significant reduction in mortality among the chronic reduced ejection fraction HF population. (duke.edu)
LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan) is a member of a new class of agents called angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) which combine a neprilysin inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). (renalandurologynews.com)

While increasing free introduction to ip among transfer plane valve(s improves the F to update urine and present agent in this recording, there represent not no central tripeptides for heart among Source surveillance patients. (worldclassbows.com)

Treatment strategies available today are ineffective, with low response rates, as current chemotherapeutic agents are ineffective. (uib.no)
Modesto Dos Santos V, Modesto Dos Santos LA. Cardiotoxicity in chemotherapeutic agents. (romj.org)
published in this Journal about the adverse effects of the major groups of chemotherapeutic agents on the cardiovascular system, and the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiotoxicity are well discussed for all the drugs [1]. (romj.org)

Chen, AC, L. Pannabecker, T & Taylor, D 1997, ' Natriuretic and depolarizing effects of a stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) factor on Malpighian tubules ', Journal of Insect Physiology , vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 991-998. (arizona.edu)

Relationship between obesity and B-type natriuretic peptide levels. (qxmd.com)

Seven patients received the treatment with biologic agents. (fortunejournals.com)
Each of the 14 patients had discontinued use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents during the bile treatment. (cdc.gov)

The invention additionally relates to processes for preparing the suspensions and methods of using the suspensions to administer an active agent to a patient. (justia.com)

One or more additional active agents, which may be fully solubilized, partially solubilized, or suspended, may also be present. (justia.com)

The most recent official guidelines on the appropriate use of antimalarial agents and local information on the prevalence of resistance to antimalarial drugs must be taken into consideration for deciding on the appropriateness of therapy with [MA102 trade name]. (who.int)

A well-designed formulation must, at a minimum, be capable of presenting a therapeutically effective amount of the active agent to the desired absorption site, in an absorbable form. (justia.com)

Intervention with biologic agent, which has brought a paradigm shift in the treatment of RA, may improve the prognosis of AA amyloidosis. (fortunejournals.com)

It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. (lookformedical.com)

The present invention pertains to pharmaceutical formulations and systems for delivery of active agents, wherein a first fraction of an active agent is suspended in a vehicle and a second fraction of active agent is solubilized in the vehicle, with the suspended fraction representing about 5 wt. (justia.com)

A trial with a C-natriuretic peptide analog offers hope for children with achondroplasia. (nih.gov)

of the active agent and the second fraction representing about 20 wt. (justia.com)
of the active agent. (justia.com)
Even this minimal functionality can be difficult to achieve, however, e.g., when delivery of a hydrophobic active agent requires interaction with aqueous physiological environments, such as gastric fluids and intestinal fluids. (justia.com)

Anatomy1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes2

Characterization of natriuretic peptide production by adult heart atria. (1/116)

The natriuretic peptide clearance receptor locally modulates the physiological effects of the natriuretic peptide system. (2/116)

Basic FGF decreases clearance receptor of natriuretic peptides in fetoplacental artery endothelium. (3/116)

G(i-1)/G(i-2)-dependent signaling by single-transmembrane natriuretic peptide clearance receptor. (4/116)

The structure of the digitalislike and natriuretic factors identified as macrocyclic derivatives of the inorganic carbon suboxide. (5/116)

Oxidized LDL increases the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in isolated resistance arteries for Ca(2+) via a rho- and rho kinase-dependent mechanism. (6/116)

Effect of water deprivation and hypertonic saline infusion on urinary AQP2 excretion in healthy humans. (7/116)

Cardiac natriuretic peptides are related to left ventricular mass and function and predict mortality in dialysis patients. (8/116)

Natriuretic Agents

Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Natriuretic Peptide, Brain

Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type

Natriuretic Peptides

Natriuresis

Guanylate Cyclase

Cyclic GMP

Heart Failure

Peptide Fragments

Biological Markers

Neprilysin

Blood Pressure

Protein Precursors

Myocardium

Characterization of natriuretic peptide production by adult heart atria. (1/116)

The natriuretic peptide clearance receptor locally modulates the physiological effects of the natriuretic peptide system. (2/116)

Basic FGF decreases clearance receptor of natriuretic peptides in fetoplacental artery endothelium. (3/116)

G(i-1)/G(i-2)-dependent signaling by single-transmembrane natriuretic peptide clearance receptor. (4/116)

The structure of the digitalislike and natriuretic factors identified as macrocyclic derivatives of the inorganic carbon suboxide. (5/116)

Oxidized LDL increases the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in isolated resistance arteries for Ca(2+) via a rho- and rho kinase-dependent mechanism. (6/116)

Effect of water deprivation and hypertonic saline infusion on urinary AQP2 excretion in healthy humans. (7/116)

Cardiac natriuretic peptides are related to left ventricular mass and function and predict mortality in dialysis patients. (8/116)

Lace monitor

List of MeSH codes (D27)

Aortic regurgitation

Neprilysin

Omapatrilat

Tubuloglomerular feedback

Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors

Diuretic

Hyperpolarization (physics)

CNP

Vasodilation

Cardiorenal syndrome

Transfusion-associated circulatory overload

Potassium-sparing diuretic

Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy

Amyloidosis

Management of heart failure

Heart failure

Uremia

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel

CYP4F2

Nocturia

Feline arterial thromboembolism

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy

Prednisone

Gaseous signaling molecules

Drospirenone

Canrenone

Peptide

Renin inhibitor

Lace monitor - Wikipedia

DailyMed - MELOXICAM tablet

DailyMed - MELOXICAM tablet

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