AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
NaphthalenesDioxygenasesBiodegradation, EnvironmentalNaphtholsOxygenasesPseudomonas putidaAnilino NaphthalenesulfonatesPseudomonasImidesCoal TarPolycyclic Hydrocarbons, AromaticAcenaphthenesHydrocarbons, AromaticComamonadaceaeGentisatesHydrocarbonsRalstoniaDeodorantsSoil PollutantsCreosotePolycyclic CompoundsMultienzyme ComplexesAnthracenesCatechol 1,2-DioxygenaseInsect RepellentsSoil MicrobiologyTolueneCarbarylNaphthoquinonesNaphthalenesulfonatesGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryPyrenesBiotransformationDicambaBenzene DerivativesBronchiolesSalicylic Acid2-NaphthylamineAircraftCatecholsPetroleumAir Pollutants, OccupationalBenzeneWater Pollutants, ChemicalStereoisomerismRhodococcusNaphthaleneacetic AcidsIntercalating AgentsPseudomonas stutzeriInhalation ExposureOxidation-ReductionCatechol 2,3-DioxygenaseSpectrometry, FluorescenceAnimals, Outbred StrainsEnvironmental PollutantsRetinoidsIndigo CarmineKeroseneBurkholderiaBacteriaEnvironmental MonitoringOxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group DonorsBenzocycloheptenesGenes, BacterialFluorenesWater MicrobiologyChloranilMaleatesOccupational ExposureBibenzylsFerrous CompoundsLauratesBiphenyl CompoundsAminobenzoatesMolecular StructureOrganosilicon CompoundsSphingomonasMolecular Sequence DataChromatography, High Pressure LiquidComamonasAldehyde OxidoreductasesWater PollutantsAlkanesAlkynesFluorescent DyesPseudomonas fluorescensFresh WaterSubstrate SpecificityGram-Negative Aerobic Rods and CocciVolatilizationVolatile Organic CompoundsAzoarcusCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemWater PollutionCokeCyclizationAdministration, InhalationSkin AbsorptionTetrahydronaphthalenesDeltaproteobacteria
Naphthalenes
Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.
Dioxygenases
Non-heme iron-containing enzymes that incorporate two atoms of OXYGEN into the substrate. They are important in biosynthesis of FLAVONOIDS; GIBBERELLINS; and HYOSCYAMINE; and for degradation of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
Biodegradation, Environmental
Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.
Naphthols
Naphthalene derivatives carrying one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups at any ring position. They are often used in dyes and pigments, as antioxidants for rubber, fats, and oils, as insecticides, in pharmaceuticals, and in numerous other applications.
Oxygenases
Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.
Pseudomonas putida
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.
Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates
A class of organic compounds which contain an anilino (phenylamino) group linked to a salt or ester of naphthalenesulfonic acid. They are frequently used as fluorescent dyes and sulfhydryl reagents.
Pseudomonas
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.
Imides
Coal Tar
A by-product of the destructive distillation of coal used as a topical antieczematic. It is an antipruritic and keratoplastic agent used also in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions. Occupational exposure to soots, tars, and certain mineral oils is known to be carcinogenic according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985) (Merck Index, 11th ed).
Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)
Acenaphthenes
Tricyclic ethylene-bridged naphthalene derivatives. They are found in petroleum residues and coal tar and used as dye intermediates, in the manufacture of plastics, and in insecticides and fungicides.
Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings.
Comamonadaceae
A family of gram-negative aerobic bacteria in the class BETA PROTEOBACTERIA, encompassing the acidovorans rRNA complex. Some species are pathogenic for PLANTS.
Gentisates
Salts and esters of gentisic acid.
Hydrocarbons
Ralstonia
A genus in the family BURKHOLDERIACEAE, comprised of many species. They are associated with a variety of infections including MENINGITIS; PERITONITIS; and URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.
Deodorants
Agents that remove, correct, repress, or mask undesirable ODORS. In personal hygiene, deodorants often contain astringent preparations that reduce SWEATING, referred to as ANTIPERSPIRANTS. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Soil Pollutants
Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.
Creosote
A greasy substance with a smoky odor and burned taste created by high temperature treatment of BEECH and other WOOD; COAL TAR; or resin of the CREOSOTE BUSH. It contains CRESOLS and POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS which are CARCINOGENS. It has been widely used as wood preservative and in PESTICIDES and had former use medicinally in DISINFECTANTS; LAXATIVES; and DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS.
Polycyclic Compounds
Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.
Multienzyme Complexes
Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.
Anthracenes
A group of compounds with three aromatic rings joined in linear arrangement.
Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to muconic acid with the use of Fe3+ as a cofactor. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.1 and EC 1.99.2.2.
Insect Repellents
Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food.
Soil Microbiology
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
Toluene
A widely used industrial solvent.
Carbaryl
A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.
Naphthoquinones
Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.
Naphthalenesulfonates
A class of organic compounds that contains a naphthalene moiety linked to a sulfonic acid salt or ester.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.
Pyrenes
A group of condensed ring hydrocarbons.
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Dicamba
A chlorinated organic herbicide.
Benzene Derivatives
Bronchioles
The small airways branching off the TERTIARY BRONCHI. Terminal bronchioles lead into several orders of respiratory bronchioles which in turn lead into alveolar ducts and then into PULMONARY ALVEOLI.
Salicylic Acid
A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.
2-Naphthylamine
A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.
Aircraft
A weight-carrying structure for navigation of the air that is supported either by its own buoyancy or by the dynamic action of the air against its surfaces. (Webster, 1973)
Catechols
A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2.
Petroleum
Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.
Air Pollutants, Occupational
Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.
Benzene
Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.
Stereoisomerism
The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Rhodococcus
A bacterial genus of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.
Naphthaleneacetic Acids
Naphthalene derivatives containing the -CH2CCO2H radical at the 1-position, the 2-position, or both. Compounds are used as plant growth regulators to delay sprouting, exert weed control, thin fruit, etc.
Intercalating Agents
Agents that are capable of inserting themselves between the successive bases in DNA, thus kinking, uncoiling or otherwise deforming it and therefore preventing its proper functioning. They are used in the study of DNA.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS, containing multiple genomovars. It is distinguishable from other pseudomonad species by its ability to use MALTOSE and STARCH as sole carbon and energy sources. It can degrade ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS and has been used as a model organism to study denitrification.
Inhalation Exposure
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase
Catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde in the carbazole and BENZOATE degradation via HYDROXYLATION pathways. It also catalyzes the conversion of 3-methylcatechol to cis, cis-2-hydroxy-6-oxohept-2,4-dienoate in the TOLUENE and XYLENE degradation pathway. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.2.
Spectrometry, Fluorescence
Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.
Animals, Outbred Strains
Animals that are generated from breeding two genetically dissimilar strains of the same species.
Environmental Pollutants
Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.
Retinoids
A group of tetraterpenes, with four terpene units joined head-to-tail. Biologically active members of this class are used clinically in the treatment of severe cystic ACNE; PSORIASIS; and other disorders of keratinization.
Indigo Carmine
Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.
Kerosene
A refined petroleum fraction used as a fuel as well as a solvent.
Burkholderia
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Organisms in this genus had originally been classified as members of the PSEUDOMONAS genus but overwhelming biochemical and chemical findings indicated the need to separate them from other Pseudomonas species, and hence, this new genus was created.
Bacteria
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Environmental Monitoring
The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.
Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors
A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on carbon-carbon bonds. This enzyme group includes all the enzymes that introduce double bonds into substrates by direct dehydrogenation of carbon-carbon single bonds.
Benzocycloheptenes
Genes, Bacterial
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
Fluorenes
A family of diphenylenemethane derivatives.
Water Microbiology
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
Chloranil
A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.
Maleates
Occupational Exposure
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.
Bibenzyls
Compounds with 1,2-diphenylethane. They are structurally like reduced STILBENES.
Ferrous Compounds
Inorganic or organic compounds that contain divalent iron.
Laurates
Salts and esters of the 12-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acid--lauric acid.
Biphenyl Compounds
Aminobenzoates
Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID that contain one or more amino groups attached to the benzene ring structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobenzoate structure.
Molecular Structure
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
Organosilicon Compounds
Organic compounds that contain silicon as an integral part of the molecule.
Sphingomonas
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria characterized by an outer membrane that contains glycosphingolipids but lacks lipopolysaccharide. They have the ability to degrade a broad range of substituted aromatic compounds.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
Comamonas
A genus of gram-negative, straight or slightly curved rods which are motile by polar flagella and which accumulate poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate within the cells.
Aldehyde Oxidoreductases
Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES.
Water Pollutants
Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.
Alkanes
The generic name for the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons Cn-H2n+2. They are denoted by the suffix -ane. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Alkynes
Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2.
Fluorescent Dyes
Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.
Pseudomonas fluorescens
A species of nonpathogenic fluorescent bacteria found in feces, sewage, soil, and water, and which liquefy gelatin.
Fresh Water
Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.
Substrate Specificity
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci
A group of gram-negative bacteria consisting of rod- and coccus-shaped cells. They are both aerobic (able to grow under an air atmosphere) and microaerophilic (grow better in low concentrations of oxygen) under nitrogen-fixing conditions but, when supplied with a source of fixed nitrogen, they grow as aerobes.
Volatilization
A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.
Volatile Organic Compounds
Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.
Azoarcus
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria including species which are often associated with grasses (POACEAE) and which fix nitrogen as well as species which anaerobically degrade toluene and other mono-aromatic hydrocarbons.
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Water Pollution
Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)
Coke
A residue of coal, left after dry (destructive) distillation, used as a fuel.
Cyclization
Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Administration, Inhalation
The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.
Skin Absorption
Uptake of substances through the SKIN.
Tetrahydronaphthalenes
Partially saturated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene compounds.
Deltaproteobacteria
A group of PROTEOBACTERIA represented by morphologically diverse, anaerobic sulfidogens. Some members of this group are considered bacterial predators, having bacteriolytic properties.
Styrene
A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria
A group of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that is able to oxidize acetate completely to carbon dioxide using elemental sulfur as the electron acceptor.
DNA, Bacterial
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
Ferredoxins
Iron-containing proteins that transfer electrons, usually at a low potential, to flavoproteins; the iron is not present as in heme. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation and reduction of FERREDOXIN or ADRENODOXIN in the presence of NADP. EC 1.18.1.2 was formerly listed as EC 1.6.7.1 and EC 1.6.99.4.
Sulfates
Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.
Mixed Function Oxygenases
Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.
Anaerobiosis
The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Gases
The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Aerospace Medicine
That branch of medicine dealing with the studies and effects of flight through the atmosphere or in space upon the human body and with the prevention or cure of physiological or psychological malfunctions arising from these effects. (from NASA Thesaurus)
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Geologic Sediments
A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)
Indenes
A family of fused-ring hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar that act as intermediates in various chemical reactions and are used in the production of coumarone-indene resins.

Activation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 kinase in calphostin C-induced apoptosis requires caspase-3-like proteases but is dispensable for cell death. (1/2851)

Apoptosis was induced in human glioma cell lines by exposure to 100 nM calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C. Calphostin C-induced apoptosis was associated with synchronous down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL as well as activation of caspase-3 but not caspase-1. The exposure to calphostin C led to activation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) and p38 kinase and concurrent inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Upstream of ERK, Shc was shown to be activated, but its downstream Raf1 and ERK were inhibited. The pretreatment with acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-aldehyde, a relatively selective inhibitor of caspase-3, or benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD.fmk), a broad spectrum caspase inhibitor, similarly inhibited calphostin C-induced activation of SAPK/JNK and p38 kinase as well as apoptotic nuclear damages (chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation) and cell shrinkage, suggesting that caspase-3 functions upstream of SAPK/JNK and p38 kinase, but did not block calphostin C-induced surface blebbing and cell death. On the other hand, the inhibition of SAPK/JNK by transfection of dominant negative SAPK/JNK and that of p38 kinase by SB203580 induced similar effects on the calphostin C-induced apoptotic phenotypes and cell death as did z-VAD.fmk and acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-aldehyde, but the calphostin C-induced PARP cleavage was not changed, suggesting that SAPK/JNK and p38 kinase are involved in the DNA fragmentation pathway downstream of caspase-3. The present findings suggest, therefore, that the activation of SAPK/JNK and p38 kinase is dispensable for calphostin C-mediated and z-VAD.fmk-resistant cell death.  (+info)

Development of muscarinic analgesics derived from epibatidine: role of the M4 receptor subtype. (2/2851)

Epibatidine, a neurotoxin isolated from the skin of Epipedobates tricolor, is an efficacious antinociceptive agent with a potency 200 times that of morphine. The toxicity of epibatidine, because of its nonspecificity for both peripheral and central nicotinic receptors, precludes its development as an analgesic. During the synthesis of epibatidine analogs we developed potent antinociceptive agents, typified by CMI-936 and CMI-1145, whose antinociception, unlike that of epibatidine, is mediated via muscarinic receptors. Subsequently, we used specific muscarinic toxins and antagonists to delineate the muscarinic receptor subtype involved in the antinociception evoked by these agents. Thus, the antinociception produced by CMI-936 and CMI-1145 is inhibited substantially by 1) intrathecal injection of the specific muscarinic M4 toxin, muscarinic toxin-3; 2) intrathecally administered pertussis toxin, which inhibits the G proteins coupled to M2 and M4 receptors; and 3) s.c. injection of the M2/M4 muscarinic antagonist himbacine. These results demonstrate that the antinociception elicited by these epibatidine analogs is mediated via muscarinic M4 receptors located in the spinal cord. Compounds that specifically target the M4 receptor therefore may be of substantial value as alternative analgesics to the opiates.  (+info)

Cannabinoid suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity in wide dynamic range neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn of the rat. (3/2851)

The effects of cannabinoid agonists on noxious heat-evoked firing of 62 spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons were examined in urethan-anesthetized rats (1 cell/animal). Noxious thermal stimulation was applied with a Peltier device to the receptive fields in the ipsilateral hindpaw of isolated WDR neurons. To assess the site of action, cannabinoids were administered systemically in intact and spinally transected rats and intraventricularly. Both the aminoalkylindole cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 (125 microg/kg iv) and the bicyclic cannabinoid CP55,940 (125 microg/kg iv) suppressed noxious heat-evoked activity. Responses evoked by mild pressure in nonnociceptive neurons were not altered by CP55,940 (125 microg/kg iv), consistent with previous observations with another cannabinoid agonist, WIN55,212-2. The cannabinoid induced-suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity was blocked by pretreatment with SR141716A (1 mg/kg iv), a competitive antagonist for central cannabinoid CB1 receptors. By contrast, intravenous administration of either vehicle or the receptor-inactive enantiomer WIN55,212-3 (125 microg/kg) failed to alter noxious heat-evoked activity. The suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity induced by WIN55,212-2 in the lumbar dorsal horn of intact animals was markedly attenuated in spinal rats. Moreover, intraventricular administration of WIN55,212-2 suppressed noxious heat-evoked activity in spinal WDR neurons. By contrast, both vehicle and enantiomer were inactive. These findings suggest that cannabinoids selectively modulate the activity of nociceptive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn by actions at CB1 receptors. This modulation represents a suppression of pain neurotransmission because the inhibitory effects are selective for pain-sensitive neurons and are observed with different modalities of noxious stimulation. The data also provide converging lines of evidence for a role for descending antinociceptive mechanisms in cannabinoid modulation of spinal nociceptive processing.  (+info)

Comparison of local anesthetic activities between optical isomers of cis-1-benzoyloxy-2-dimethylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. (4/2851)

The optical isomers of cis-1-benzoyloxy-2-dimethylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (YAU-17) were compared for their local anesthetic activity, acute toxicity, spasmolytic activity, and partition coefficient between chloroform and phosphate buffer. 1-YAU-17 was more active than d-YAU-17 in blocking the conduction of action potentials in isolated frog sciatic nerves. The difference in local anesthetic activities between the optical isomers was further substantiated by in vivo tests for corneal anesthesia, intracutaneous anesthesia and sciatic nerve block in quinea-pigs. Similarly, the i.v. injection to mice revealed a higher toxicity for 1-YAU-17 as compared to its d-isomer. In these tests, the potency ratios of the enantiomers ranged from 2 to 4, and the racemate had an intermediate potency. On the contrary, no difference among the compounds was found in their liposolubility, partition coefficient, and spasmolytic activity examined with isolated guinea-pig ileum. These results indicate that the steric factors play an important role in the production of different local anesthetic activities between the optical isomers of YAU-17, and their local anesthetic potency tends to be correlated to their intravenous acute toxicity but not to their spasmolytic activity.  (+info)

Contrasting effects of a nonionic surfactant on the biotransformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to cis-dihydrodiols by soil bacteria. (5/2851)

The biotransformation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) naphthalene and phenanthrene was investigated by using two dioxygenase-expressing bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. strain 9816/11 and Sphingomonas yanoikuyae B8/36, under conditions which facilitate mass-transfer limited substrate oxidation. Both of these strains are mutants that accumulate cis-dihydrodiol metabolites under the reaction conditions used. The effects of the nonpolar solvent 2,2,4, 4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (HMN) and the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 on the rate of accumulation of these metabolites were determined. HMN increased the rate of accumulation of metabolites for both microorganisms, with both substrates. The enhancement effect was most noticeable with phenanthrene, which has a lower aqueous solubility than naphthalene. Triton X-100 increased the rate of oxidation of the PAHs with strain 9816/11 with the effect being most noticeable when phenanthrene was used as a substrate. However, the surfactant inhibited the biotransformation of both naphthalene and phenanthrene with strain B8/36 under the same conditions. The observation that a nonionic surfactant could have such contrasting effects on PAH oxidation by different bacteria, which are known to be important for the degradation of these compounds in the environment, may explain why previous research on the application of the surfactants to PAH bioremediation has yielded inconclusive results. The surfactant inhibited growth of the wild-type strain S. yanoikuyae B1 on aromatic compounds but did not inhibit B8/36 dioxygenase enzyme activity in vitro.  (+info)

Role of iNOS in the vasodilator responses induced by L-arginine in the middle cerebral artery from normotensive and hypertensive rats. (6/2851)

1. The substrate of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.01 microM - 1 mM), induced endothelium-independent relaxations in segments of middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and hypertensive rats (SHR) precontracted with prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). These relaxations were higher in SHR than WKY arteries. 2. L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and 2-amine-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-tiazine (AMT), unspecific and inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitors, respectively, reduced those relaxations, specially in SHR. 3. Four- and seven-hours incubation with dexamethasone reduced the relaxations in MCAs from WKY and SHR, respectively. 4. Polymyxin B and calphostin C, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, reduced the L-Arg-induced relaxation. 5. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 7 h incubation) unaltered and inhibited these relaxations in WKY and SHR segments, respectively. LPS antagonized the effect polymyxin B in WKY and potentiated L-Arg-induced relaxations in SHR in the presence of polymyxin B. 6. The contraction induced by PGF2alpha was greater in SHR than WKY arteries. This contraction was potentiated by dexamethasone and polymyxin B although the effect of polymyxin B was higher in SHR segments. LPS reduced that contraction and antagonized dexamethasone- and polymyxin B-induced potentiation, these effects being greater in arteries from SHR. 7. These results suggest that in MCAs: (1) the induction of iNOS participates in the L-Arg relaxation and modulates the contraction to PGF2alpha; (2) that induction is partially mediated by a PKC-dependent mechanism; and (3) the involvement of iNOS in such responses is greater in the hypertensive strain.  (+info)

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We tested the hypothesis that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and generation of oxidants are critical sequential signals mediating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and transcription of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 gene. Stimulation of human pulmonary artery endothelial (HPAE) cells with TNF-alpha (100 U/ml) induced the activation of PKC and, subsequently, generation of oxidants. Pretreatment with calphostin C, a specific PKC inhibitor, prevented oxidant generation after TNF-alpha stimulation, indicating that PKC activation mediated the production of oxidants in HPAE cells. In contrast, pretreatment of HPAE cells with N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant and a precursor of glutathione, failed to prevent PKC activation, indicating that PKC activation was not secondary to the oxidant production. These findings suggest that oxidant generation in endothelial cells occurs downstream of PKC activation. However, both PKC activation and oxidant generation were necessary for ICAM-1 mRNA expression because the pretreatment of HPAE cells with either calphostin C or N-acetylcysteine inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappaB and prevented the activation of ICAM-1 promoter. Prolonged exposure of HPAE cells to the phorbol ester, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, which is known to deplete all except atypical PKC isozymes, failed to prevent TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 mRNA expression. We conclude that TNF-alpha-induced oxidant generation secondary to the activation of a phorbol ester-insensitive PKC isozyme signals the activation NF-kappaB and ICAM-1 gene transcription.  (+info)

Role of a conserved lysine residue in the peripheral cannabinoid receptor (CB2): evidence for subtype specificity. (8/2851)

The human cannabinoid receptors, central cannabinoid receptor (CB1) and peripheral cannabinoid receptor (CB2), share only 44% amino acid identity overall, yet most ligands do not discriminate between receptor subtypes. Site-directed mutagenesis was employed as a means of mapping the ligand recognition site for the human CB2 cannabinoid receptor. A lysine residue in the third transmembrane domain of the CB2 receptor (K109), which is conserved between the CB1 and CB2 receptors, was mutated to alanine or arginine to determine the role of this charged amino acid in receptor function. The analogous mutation in the CB1 receptor (K192A) was found to be crucial for recognition of several cannabinoid compounds excluding (R)-(+)-[2, 3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(4-morpholinyl)methyl]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1, 4-benzoxazin-6-yl](1-naphthalenyl)methanone (WIN 55,212-2). In contrast, in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells expressing the mutant or wild-type CB2 receptors, we found no significant differences in either the binding profile of several cannabinoid ligands nor in inhibition of cAMP accumulation. We identified a high-affinity site for (-)-3-[2-hydroxyl-4-(1, 1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-4-[3-hydroxyl propyl] cyclohexan-1-ol (CP-55,940) in the region of helices 3, 6, and 7, with S3.31(112), T3.35(116), and N7.49(295) in the K109A mutant using molecular modeling. The serine residue, unique to the CB2 receptor, was then mutated to glycine in the K109A mutant. This double mutant, K109AS112G, retains the ability to bind aminoalkylindoles but loses affinity for classical cannabinoids, as predicted by the molecular model. Distinct cellular localization of the mutant receptors observed with immunofluorescence also suggests differences in receptor function. In summary, we identified amino acid residues in the CB2 receptor that could lead to subtype specificity.  (+info)

Kinetics of naphthalene metabolism in target and non-target tissues of rodents and in nasal and airway microsomes from the...Kinetics of naphthalene metabolism in target and non-target tissues of rodents and in nasal and airway microsomes from the...
Naphthalene produces species and cell selective injury to respiratory tract epithelial cells of rodents. In these studies we determined the apparent K{sub m}, V{sub max}, and catalytic efficiency (V{sub max}/K{sub m}) for naphthalene metabolism in microsomal preparations from subcompartments of the respiratory tract of rodents and non-human primates. In tissues with high substrate turnover, major metabolites were derived directly from naphthalene oxide with smaller amounts from conjugates of diol epoxide, diepoxide, and 1,2- and 1,4-naphthoquinones. In some tissues, different enzymes with dissimilar K{sub m} and V{sub max} appeared to metabolize naphthalene. The rank order of V{sub max} (rat olfactory epithelium , mouse olfactory epithelium , murine airways ≫ rat airways) correlated well with tissue susceptibility to naphthalene. The V{sub max} in monkey alveolar subcompartment was 2% that in rat nasal olfactory epithelium. Rates of metabolism in nasal compartments of the monkey were low. The ...
https://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/22285335-kinetics-naphthalene-metabolism-target-non-target-tissues-rodents-nasal-airway-microsomes-from-rhesus-monkey
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Parenteral administration of naphthalene produces a dose-dependent and tissue-, species-, and cell-selective lesion of murine Clara cells. The rate and stereoselectivity of naphthalene metabolism by microsomal preparations correlate with tissue and species differences in cytotoxicity. Because earlier studies used microsomes obtained from whole tissue, differences in susceptibility of proximal and distal airways could not be related to differences in the metabolic activation or detoxication of naphthalene. Specific subcompartments of the respiratory system, obtained by microdissection, have been used to study the cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of naphthalene and the epoxide hydrolase/glutathione transferase-dependent metabolism of naphthalene oxide. The rates of naphthalene metabolism were substantially higher in mouse airways than in comparable airways of hamsters or rats. Rates of metabolism were higher in distal airways than in the trachea of all species studied. Metabolism in mouse ...
http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/47/1/74
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Naphthalene | Get Healthy Heights
Naphthalene is a type of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and possible carcinogen. It is found abundantly in outdoor air with traffic being the largest source. Elevated levels of naphthalene are also found in indoor air when mothballs or kitchen stoves burning biomass fuels are used.. Naphthalene is derived from petroleum and biofuel products and is found entirely in a gaseous phase rather than as a particulate. Human exposure to naphthalene is primarily through inhalation, although it can be ingested and absorbed through the skin. Due to the volatile nature of naphthalene, a box of mothballs can elevate indoor naphthalene levels to levels compatible with mid to upper level occupational exposure, with higher concentrations in smaller apartments or enclosed areas.. A cause of concern is that some Caribbean immigrant families in New York City frequently use mothballs as air fresheners. Therefore understanding potential downstream effects of naphthalene exposure has become increasingly ...
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Vapor-Liquid Equilibria in the System of Toluene/Aniline, Aniline/Naphthalene, and Naphthalene/Quinoline<...Vapor-Liquid Equilibria in the System of Toluene/Aniline, Aniline/Naphthalene, and Naphthalene/Quinoline<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Vapor-Liquid Equilibria in the System of Toluene/Aniline, Aniline/Naphthalene, and Naphthalene/Quinoline. AU - Lee, Chang-Ha. AU - Chen, Quen. AU - Mohamed, Rahoma S.. AU - Holder, Gerald D.. PY - 1992/4/1. Y1 - 1992/4/1. N2 - Vapor-liquid equilibria for the aniline/naphthalene, toluene/aniline, and naphthalene/quinoline systems have been determined at 0-1500 kPa and 490-623 K by using a static equilibrium cell. The data can be accurately correlated with the modified Peng-Roblnson equation of state by using density-dependent mixing rules. The binary interaction parameters and correction factors for the equation of state are reported at each isotherm. The presence of coal-derived solids in these binary systems did not influence any of the binary bubble pressures.. AB - Vapor-liquid equilibria for the aniline/naphthalene, toluene/aniline, and naphthalene/quinoline systems have been determined at 0-1500 kPa and 490-623 K by using a static equilibrium cell. The data can be accurately ...
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ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Naphthalene, 1-Methylnapthalene, 2-MethylnapthaleneATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Naphthalene, 1-Methylnapthalene, 2-Methylnapthalene
Exposure to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-methylnaphthalene happens mostly from breathing air contaminated from the burning of wood, tobacco, or fossil fuels, industrial discharges, or moth repellents. Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy some of your red blood cells. Naphthalene has caused cancer in animals. Naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene have been found in at least 647, 37, and 410, respectively, of the 1,636 National Priority List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tf.asp?id=239&tid=43
Naphthalene Inhalation Unit Risk Consultation - EH: Minnesota Department of HealthNaphthalene Inhalation Unit Risk Consultation - EH: Minnesota Department of Health
Naphthalene is a commonly-occurring, volatile, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, entering the environment from combustion processes, industrial uses, and consumer products (mothballs, cigarette smoke, etc.). Non-cancer air guidance Health-Based Values (HBV) were derived for naphthalene by MDH in 2004 for the acute (200 µg/m3) and chronic (9 µg/m3) durations. However, a cancer HBV has not been established. Possible carcinogenic concerns from inhalation of naphthalene have been an ongoing debate within the scientific community for nearly two decades (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1998). The applicability of rodent respiratory (nasal/lung) tumors for deriving quantitative human health risk values is the critical outstanding issue.. The EPAs Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program evaluated naphthalene in 1998, 2004 (never completed), and is currently in the Draft Development stage for another update initiated in 2014. No estimate of naphthalene cancer potency, ...
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/risk/guidance/air/naphconsult.html
United States Industrial Naphthalene Market Analysis Drivers, Restraints and Trends for Koppers, RTGERS, Nippon Steel Chemical,...United States Industrial Naphthalene Market Analysis Drivers, Restraints and Trends for Koppers, RTGERS, Nippon Steel Chemical,...
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Parabronchial smooth muscle constitutes an airway epithelial stem cell niche in the mouse lung after injuryParabronchial smooth muscle constitutes an airway epithelial stem cell niche in the mouse lung after injury
article{2003590, abstract = {During lung development, parabronchial SMC (PSMC) progenitors in the distal mesenchyme secrete fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10), which acts on distal epithelial progenitors to promote their proliferation. beta-catenin signaling within PSMC progenitors is essential for their maintenance, proliferation, and expression of Fgf10. Here, we report that this Wnt/Fgf10 embryonic signaling cascade is reactivated in mature PSMCs after naphthalene-induced injury to airway epithelium. Furthermore, we found that this paracrine Fgf10 action was essential for activating surviving variant Clara cells (the cells in the airway epithelium from which replacement epithelial cells originate) located at the bronchoalveolar duct junctions and adjacent to neuroendocrine bodies. After naphthalene injury, PSMCs secreted Fgf10 to activate Notch signaling and induce Snail expression in surviving variant Clara cells, which subsequently underwent a transient epithelial to mesenchymal transition ...
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/2003590
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http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/111/758/355
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ZrO2 nH2O (hydrogel) impregnated with transition metals (Cu, Co, and Ni) was studied in this work as a precursor for the synthesis of CuO/ZrO2 (CuZ), CoOx/ZrO2 (CoZ), and NiO/ZrO2 (NiZ) catalysts, employed in the naphthalene oxidation reaction. Fresh and catalytically used materials were characterized by different physicochemical techniques, to compare the bulk and surface behavior, with particular attention to the effect of the supported metal species properties on the catalytic activity. Techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS UV-vis), and Raman spectroscopy, allow for establishing structural and textural aspects of the support, as well as the surface coordination and the accessibility of supported species. Results were in agreement with the CuZ > CoZ > NiZ sequence for the activity in naphthalene oxidation reaction.
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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
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The fibronectin content of RMC cultures grown for 8-14 days in medium containing 30 mM (540 mg/dl) D-glucose was increased 30-60% relative to that of control cells cultured in 10 mM (180 mg/dl) glucose. Addition of equiosmolar concentrations (20 mM, 360 mg/dl) of L-glucose, 3-O-methylglucose, or mannitol to 10 mM glucose media did not alter fibronectin accumulation compared with values observed in 10 mM glucose alone. The basal phosphorylation of the 80,000-Mr MARCKS protein, which is a substrate for PKC, and the phosphorylation induced by acute (15-min) exposure of cells to 15% FCS or to 0.1 μM (50 ng/ml) PDBu were all increased in cells grown in 30 mM compared with 10 mM glucose. By contrast, phosphorylation of the 80,000-Mr protein in response to a maximal concentration of PDBu (1 μM, 500 ng/ml) was not different in cells grown in 30 mM compared with 10 mM glucose. The acute increases in phosphorylation of the 80,000-Mr protein were blocked by the PKC inhibitor calphostin C. Chronic (7-day) ...
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2631-61-0 | 3-(dimethylamino)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)propan-1-one hydrochloride | C15H18ClNO2631-61-0 | 3-(dimethylamino)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)propan-1-one hydrochloride | C15H18ClNO
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Nijverdal (Smidsweg 100a):BTEX, PAHs, naphthalene and mineral oil** - SoilectionNijverdal (Smidsweg 100a):BTEX, PAHs, naphthalene and mineral oil** - Soilection
Remediation goal: final concentration BTEX 0,2/7,0/4,0/0,2 ug/l Mineral oil ,50 ug/l Naphthalene Remediation goal achieved?: No, as a result of the layered soil profile part of the contamination remained. Initial and final concentration and load removal: BTEX total initial concentration: max. 51300 ug/l; initial concentration: max. 6,1 ug/l Mineral oil initial concentration: max. 5300; final concentration: max. 157 (once-only, remain ,50) Naphthalene initial concentration: max. 470 ug/l; final concentration: max. 1,1 ug/l Active remediation phase: 01-04-99 until 01-04-08 Passive remediation phase: The phase is not yet completed. Total costs passive/after care phase: Total costs active phase: ...
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Naphthalene Formaldehyde SulfonateNaphthalene Formaldehyde Sulfonate
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Peri-naphthalenesPeri-naphthalenes
The peri-naphthalene 1-amino-naphthalene-8-sulfonic acid is a precursor to other peri-naphthalenes. It is prepared by nitration ... Several peri-naphthalenes are prepared via nitrations. Dinitration of naphthalene gives 1,8-dinitronaphthalene, which undergoes ... In organic chemistry, peri-naphthalenes are particular derivatives of naphthalene with the formula C10H6-1,8-X2. Owing to the ... Kilian, P.; Knight, F. R.; Woollins, J. D., "Synthesis of ligands based on naphthalene peri-substituted by Group 15 and 16 ...
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NaphthaleneNaphthalene
... -National Pesticide Information Center Naphthalene-EPA Air Toxics Web Site Naphthalene (PIM 363)-mostly on toxicity ... naphthalene forms the dark blue-green radical anion salts such as sodium naphthalene, Na+C10H− 8. The naphthalene anions are ... Most naphthalene is derived from coal tar. From the 1960s until the 1990s, significant amounts of naphthalene were also ... Naphthalene is used mainly as a precursor to derivative chemicals. The single largest use of naphthalene is the industrial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthalene
Lithium naphthaleneLithium naphthalene
The reaction of naphthalene with lithium can be accelerated by sonication. Methods for assaying lithium naphthalene have been ... 2 LiOH Alkali metal salts of the naphthalene radical anion are used to prepare complexes of naphthalene. Many related radical ... Lithium naphthalene is an organic salt with the chemical formula Li+C 10H− 8. In the research laboratory, it is used as a ... Lithium naphthalene crystallizes with ligands bound to Li+. The compound is prepared by stirring the metallic lithium with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_naphthalene
Naphthalene locomotiveNaphthalene locomotive
The naphthalene tank was enclosed in a water jacket, which was heated to boiling point by engine exhaust. Once the naphthalene ... "Naphthalene evaporating device". Espacenet. Retrieved 30 March 2018. M. L. Hamlin, Naphthalene as a Fuel for Motor Vehicles, in ... A Naphthalene locomotive was tested in France in 1913. It was built by Schneider-Creusot for use in their own plant. At the ... Naphthalene seemed attractive because of its low cost, due to its origin from coal tar. An experiment was carried out by ...
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Sodium naphthaleneSodium naphthalene
The alkali metal naphthalene salts are prepared by stirring the metal with naphthalene in an ethereal solvent, usually as ... 2 NaOH As a ligand Alkali metal salts of the naphthalene radical anion are used to prepare complexes of naphthalene. Connelly, ... Sodium naphthalene is an organic salt with the chemical formula Na+C 10H− 8. In the research laboratory, it is used as a ... Redox With a reduction potential near −2.5 V vs NHE, the naphthalene radical anion is a strong reducing agent. Protonation The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_naphthalene
Naphthalene poisoningNaphthalene poisoning
The naphthalene within cigarettes is different to other sources of naphthalene. The naphthalene that is produced in cigarette ... Naphthalene has also been found to be secreted by termites in order to protect their nests. The termites use naphthalene to ... Naphthalene poisoning (or mothball poisoning) is a form of poisoning that occurs when naphthalene is ingested. Severe poisoning ... Naphthalene exposure is usually insignificant unless exposed to large amounts of naphthalene within production or being near ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthalene_poisoning
Polychlorinated naphthalenePolychlorinated naphthalene
... (PCN) are the products obtained upon treatment of naphthalene with chlorine. The generic chemical ... Chlorinated naphthalenes, International Programme on Chemical Safety CICAD, 2001, volume 34 Neoprene FB Archived 2007-09-27 at ... Chlorinated naphthalenes Archived 2005-07-18 at the Wayback Machine, Chemical Assessment Report S48, 2002, National Industrial ... Flinn, F.B.; Jarvik, N.E. (1936). "Action of certain chlorinated naphthalenes on the liver". Proceedings of the Society for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_naphthalene
Naphthalene-2-sulfonic acidNaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid
It is one of two monosulfonic acids of naphthalene, the other being naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid. The compound is mainly used in ... Naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid condenses with formaldehyde to give polymeric sulfonic acids. Gerald Booth (2005). "Naphthalene ... Naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid is an organic compound with the formula C10H7SO3H. A colorless, water-soluble solid, it is often ... Naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid undergoes many reactions, some of which are or were of commercial interest. Fusion with sodium ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthalene-2-sulfonic_acid
Naphthalene-1-sulfonic acidNaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid
It is one of two monosulfonic acids of naphthalene, the other being the more stable naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid. The compound ... Naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid is an organic compound with the formula C10H7SO3H. A colorless, water-soluble solid, it is often ... Naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid undergoes many reactions, some of which are or were of commercial interest. Upon heating with ... Gerald Booth (2005). "Naphthalene Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthalene-1-sulfonic_acid
Naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenaseNaphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase
In enzymology, a naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.14.12.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction naphthalene + ... Other names in common use include naphthalene dioxygenase, and naphthalene oxygenase. This enzyme participates in 4 metabolic ... Jeffrey AM, Yeh HJ, Jerina DM, Patel TR, Davey JF, Gibson DT (1975). "Initial reactions in the oxidation of naphthalene by ... Ensley BD, Gibson DT (1983). "Naphthalene dioxygenase: purification and properties of a terminal oxygenase component". J. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthalene_1,2-dioxygenase
1,8-Bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene1,8-Bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene
It is classified as a peri-naphthalene, i.e. a 1,8-disubstituted derivative of naphthalene. Owing to its unusual structure, it ... With a pKa of 12.34 for its conjugate acid in aqueous solution, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene is one of the strongest ... 1,8-Bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene is an organic compound with the formula C10H6(NMe2)2 (Me = methyl). ... 1,8-bis(hexamethyltriaminophosphazenyl)naphthalene or HMPN is prepared from 1,8-diaminonaphthalene by reaction with tris( ...
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SelenosulfideSelenosulfide
One example is the 1,8-selenosulfide of naphthalene. The selenium-sulfur bond length is about 220 picometers, the average of a ... Meinwald, Jerrold; Dauplaise, David; Clardy, Jon (1977). "Peri-Bridged Naphthalenes. 2. Unsymmetrical Diatomic Chalcogen ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenosulfide
Retro-Diels-Alder reactionRetro-Diels-Alder reaction
... naphthalene > fulvene > cyclopentadiene > anthracene > butadiene Dienophile: N2 > CO2 > naphthalene > benzene, nitriles > ...
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MothballMothball
Older mothballs consisted primarily of naphthalene, but due to naphthalene's flammability, many modern mothball formulations ... IARC classifies naphthalene as possibly carcinogenic to humans and other animals (see also Group 2B). IARC points out that ... Both naphthalene and 1,4-dichlorobenzene undergo sublimation, meaning that they transition from a solid state directly into a ... Mothballs containing naphthalene have been banned within the EU since 2008. As discussed in more detail at Tineola bisselliella ...
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Bucherer reactionBucherer reaction
De-aromatization of the first ring of the naphthalene system occurs at the expense of 25 kcal/mol. In the next step a bisulfite ... "Naphthalene Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_009. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucherer_reaction
2-Naphthol2-Naphthol
The naphthols are naphthalene homologues of phenol, but more reactive. Both isomers are soluble in simple alcohols, ethers, and ... Traditionally, 2-naphthol is produced by a two-step process that begins with the sulfonation of naphthalene in sulfuric acid: ... It is an isomer of 1-naphthol, differing by the location of the hydroxyl group on the naphthalene ring. ... Booth, Gerald (2005). "Naphthalene Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Naphthol
3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
Gerald Booth (2005). "Naphthalene Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic_acid
Kolbe-Schmitt reactionKolbe-Schmitt reaction
p. 976-7. ISBN 0-205-05838-8. Gerald Booth (2005). "Naphthalene Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolbe–Schmitt_reaction
TransaminationTransamination
ISBN 0-471-58589-0 • Gerald Booth "Naphthalene Derivatives" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH ... "Naphthalene Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. doi:10.1002/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transamination
NaphthalenesulfonateNaphthalenesulfonate
... s Naphthalenesulfonates are derivatives of sulfonic acid which contain a naphthalene functional unit. A ... Collin, Gerd; Höke, Hartmut; Greim, Helmut (2003). "Naphthalene and Hydronaphthalenes". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ... "Naphthalene Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_009. ...
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Alia MamdouhAlia Mamdouh
ISBN 978-1-55861-712-4. "Mamdouh: Naphthalene , The Modern Novel". www.themodernnovel.org. Retrieved 2022-03-25. "The Tank , ...
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1-Naphthylamine1-Naphthylamine
... is an aromatic amine derived from naphthalene. It can cause bladder cancer (transitional cell carcinoma). It ... 0441". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Gerald Booth (2005). "Naphthalene Derivatives". Ullmann's ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Naphthylamine
1,5-Diaminonaphthalene1,5-Diaminonaphthalene
It is a precursor to naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate, a precursor to specialty polyurethanes. C10H10N2 Bernes, S.; Pastrana, M.R ... Booth, Gerald (2005). "Naphthalene Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. (Articles ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,5-Diaminonaphthalene
1,8-Diaminonaphthalene1,8-Diaminonaphthalene
It is a precursor to 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene. This compound used to produce perimidines by various aldehydes. ... C10H10N2 Booth, Gerald (2005). "Naphthalene Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,8-Diaminonaphthalene
1,5-Dihydroxynaphthalene1,5-Dihydroxynaphthalene
Booth, Gerald (2005). "Naphthalene Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi: ... 1,5-Dihydroxynaphthalene is prepared from naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid by hydrolysis with strong base followed by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,5-Dihydroxynaphthalene
DiisopropylnaphthalenesDiisopropylnaphthalenes
Gerd Collin, Hartmut Höke, Helmut Greim (2003). "Naphthalene and Hydronaphthalenes". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diisopropylnaphthalenes
2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene
Gerd Collin; Hartmut Höke; Helmut Greim (2003). "Naphthalene and Hydronaphthalenes". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene
Hydrogen-donor solventHydrogen-donor solvent
The enthalpy of hydrogenation of naphthalene is relatively low, which allows the tetrahydronaphthalene to be regenerated in the ... The classic hydrogen-donor solvent (or just donor solvent) is tetrahydronaphthalene, which converts to naphthalene by transfer ... Collin, Gerd; Höke, Hartmut; Greim, Helmut (2003). "Naphthalene and Hydronaphthalenes". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen-donor_solvent
2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid
It is a precursor to the high performance polyester polyethylene naphthalate (PEN, poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate ... Gerd Collin; Hartmut Höke; Helmut Greim (2003). "Naphthalene and Hydronaphthalenes". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ... Naphthalenes, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic_acid
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene
Alkylated naphthalenes (methyl-, dimethyl-, and poly-methyl naphthalenes, thus including 2,6-DMN) are found in low ... naphthalene, a precursor to dyes. Collin, Gerd; Höke, Hartmut; Greim, Helmut (2003). "Naphthalene and Hydronaphthalenes". ... It is one of the ten dimethylnaphthalene isomers, which are derived from naphthalene by the addition of two methyl groups. ... 6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) or shorter polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). That polyester is stronger and has a higher thermal ...
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Chlorinated naphthalenesChlorinated naphthalenes
2001)‎. Chlorinated naphthalenes. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42403 ...
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42403
Naphthalene (2005-110) | NIOSH | CDCNaphthalene (2005-110) | NIOSH | CDC
Naphthalene. CAS No: 91-20-3. NOTE:. (1) Efficacy of Medical Tests has not been evaluated.. (2) NIOSH references include ... Naphthalene. Editor(s). /Author(s). Specific Medical Test(s) or Examination(s). Reference(s). ...
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Naphthalene poisoning: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaNaphthalene poisoning: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Poisoning from naphthalene destroys or changes red blood cells so they cannot carry oxygen. This can cause organ damage. ... Naphthalene is a white solid substance with a strong smell. ... Naphthalene is a white solid substance with a strong smell. ... Poisoning from naphthalene destroys or changes red blood cells so they cannot carry oxygen. This can cause organ damage. ... Note: Naphthalene can sometimes be found in household products abused as inhalants. ...
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Naphthalene, 1-Methylnapthalene, 2-Methylnapthalene | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR
Naphthalene has caused cancer in animals. Naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene have been found in at least ... Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy some of your red blood cells. ... Exposure to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-methylnaphthalene happens mostly from breathing air contaminated from the ... in naphthalene mothballs. Naphthalene can move from a pregnant womans blood to the unborn babys blood. Naphthalene has been ...
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Chlorinated naphthalenesChlorinated naphthalenes
Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of ...
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naphthalene (CHEBI:16482)naphthalene (CHEBI:16482)
... is a ortho-fused bicyclic arene (CHEBI:35426) naphthalene (CHEBI:16482) is a naphthalenes (CHEBI: ... naphthalene 1,2-oxide (CHEBI:52431) has parent hydride naphthalene (CHEBI:16482). naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (CHEBI: ... naphthalene (CHEBI:16482) has role mouse metabolite (CHEBI:75771) naphthalene (CHEBI:16482) has role plant metabolite (CHEBI: ... naphthalene (CHEBI:16482) has role apoptosis inhibitor (CHEBI:68494) naphthalene (CHEBI:16482) has role carcinogenic agent ( ...
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EWG Tap Water Database | Fort Rucker - American Water | NaphthaleneEWG Tap Water Database | Fort Rucker - American Water | Naphthalene
Naphthalene. Find out what is in your tap water ... EWGs Tap Water Database Naphthalene results for Fort Rucker - ... Naphthalene. Fort Rucker - American Water. Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, or PAH, released from combustion ...
https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/system-contaminant.php?contamcode=2248&pws=AL0001489?contamcode=2248&pws=AL0001489
N-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-carboxamideN-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-carboxamide
... Molecular Formula: C17H19NO2 ...
https://scitoys.com/scichem/jqp013/235837.html
Naphthalene by NIOSH 1501 / NIOSH 5506
... Category. Industrial Hygiene (IH) Lab Services ...
https://emsl.com/Services.aspx?action=show&TopServiceCategoryID=6&serviceid=630
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5,6,7,8-tetramethylNaphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5,6,7,8-tetramethyl
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi?ID=C19063117&Units=CAL
CSEMP assessment of c3 naphthalenes in sediment at station Clyde FirthCInnerCumbraes se02CSEMP assessment of c3 naphthalenes in sediment at station Clyde FirthCInnerCumbraes se02
... accessment of c3 naphthalenes in sediment (unsieved) at station Clyde_FirthCInnerCumbraes_se02, Skelmorlie (Clyde) from the ... Determinand : C3 Naphthalenes. Units : μg kg-1 dry weight normalised to 2.5% organic carbon. Data extraction : 30 April 2020. ... CSEMP assessment of c3 naphthalenes in sediment at Skelmorlie (Clyde). Statistical analysis. Trend assessment. Analysis of ...
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/projects/data_management/uk/merman/assessments_and_data_access/csemp/assessments/sediment_clyd_f_02_sdmn_napc3_.html
Naphthalene Market Size, Share, Growth | Report, 2030Naphthalene Market Size, Share, Growth | Report, 2030
Naphthalene Industry Research Report: Information by Source (Coal Tar and Petroleum), Application (Plasticizer, Pesticide, ... Naphthalene Market to grow at a CAGR 3.70% through 2030 , ... Naphthalene Market Naphthalene Market is projected to be worth ... Naphthalene Market Naphthalene Market Research Report: Information by Source (Coal Tar and Petroleum), Application (Plasticizer ... Naphthalene Sulfonate Market Research Report- Forecast till 2030 Sodium Naphthalene Sulphonate Formaldehyde Market Research ...
https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/naphthalene-market-1130
ENEN
Learn more about ExxonMobil Product Solutionss synthetic alkylated naphthalene base stocks properties from their technical ... Alkylated naphthalene All website features may not be available based upon your cookie consent elections, Click Privacy center ...
https://www.exxonmobilchemical.com/en/resources/product-data-sheets/synthetic-base-stocks/alkylated-naphthalene?region=2
KEGG PATHWAY: Naphthalene degradationKEGG PATHWAY: Naphthalene degradation
Naphthalene degradation [ Pathway menu , Organism menu , Pathway entry , Download KGML , Image file , Help ] ...
https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/rn00626+R05136
Improved Stability and Shape Selectivity of 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene by Methylation of Naphthalene with Methanol on Modified...Improved Stability and Shape Selectivity of 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene by Methylation of Naphthalene with Methanol on Modified...
The selective synthesis of 2,6-DMN from naphthalene and methanol was carried out over different zeolites (HZSM-5, Hβ, HUSY and ... 6-dimethylnaphthalene from methylation of naphthalene, due to the special pore structure of SAPO-11 which inosculated better ... The selective synthesis of 2,6-DMN from naphthalene and methanol was carried out over different zeolites (HZSM-5, Hβ, HUSY and ... Bai, X., Sun, K., Wu, W., Yan, P. and Yang, J. (2009) Methylation of Naphthalene to Prepare 2, 6-Dimethylnaphthalene over Acid- ...
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=43874
Naphthalene diimides with improved solubility for visible ligh...Naphthalene diimides with improved solubility for visible ligh...
Five core-substituted naphthalene diimides bearing two dialkylamino groups were synthesized as potential visible light ... Naphthalene diimides with improved solubility for visible light photoredox catalysis. Reiß, B. 1; Wagenknecht, H.-A. 1. 1 ... The core-substituted naphthalene diimides differ by the alkyl groups at the imide nitrogens and at the nitrogens of the two ... Five core-substituted naphthalene diimides bearing two dialkylamino groups were synthesized as potential visible light ...
https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000098766
Refined Naphthalene Companies in ChinaRefined Naphthalene Companies in China
This study focuses on Chinas Refined Naphthalene industry assessments and company profiles. In the two past decades, the ...
https://www.asdreports.com/market-research-report-360223/refined-naphthalene-companies-china
Selected chlorobornanes, polychlorinated naphthalenes and brominated flame retardants in Bjørnøya (Bear Island) freshwater...Selected chlorobornanes, polychlorinated naphthalenes and brominated flame retardants in Bjørnøya (Bear Island) freshwater...
Selected chlorobornanes, polychlorinated naphthalenes and brominated flame retardants in Bjørnøya (Bear Island) freshwater ... Selected chlorobornanes, polychlorinated naphthalenes and brominated flame retardants in Bjørnøya (Bear Island) freshwater ...
https://www.nilu.no/publikasjon/7630/
Demonstration of Paneth cell granules using Naphthalene Black. | Journal of Clinical PathologyDemonstration of Paneth cell granules using Naphthalene Black. | Journal of Clinical Pathology
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
https://jcp.bmj.com/content/21/1/1
Formation of a long-lived electron-transfer state of a naphthalene-quinolinium ion dyad and the π-dimer radical cation -...Formation of a long-lived electron-transfer state of a naphthalene-quinolinium ion dyad and the π-dimer radical cation -...
naphthalene. -quinolinium ion dyad and the π-dimer radical cation H. Kotani, K. Ohkubo and S. Fukuzumi, Faraday Discuss., 2012 ... Formation of a long-lived electron-transfer state of a naphthalene-quinolinium ion dyad and the π-dimer radical cation† ...
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2012/FD/C1FD00084E
Photoinduced charge separation in a PtII acetylide donor-acceptor triad based on 2-(1-pyrazole)-pyridine...Photoinduced charge separation in a PtII acetylide donor-acceptor triad based on 2-(1-pyrazole)-pyridine...
... pyridine modified with naphthalene mono-imide electron acceptor. Igor V. Sazanovich , Mohammed A. H. Alamiry , Anthony J. H. M ... pyridine modified with naphthalene mono-imide electron acceptor Igor V. Sazanovich, Mohammed A. H. Alamiry, Anthony J. H. M. ... pyridine modified with naphthalene mono-imide electron acceptor" Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 85, no. 7, 2013, pp. 1331- ... pyridine modified with naphthalene mono-imide electron acceptor" Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 7 (2013): 1331-1348. https ...
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1351/PAC-CON-13-04-02/html
Electrochemical and surface studies of the effect of naphthalene-based additives on tin electrodeposition - Leiden UniversityElectrochemical and surface studies of the effect of naphthalene-based additives on tin electrodeposition - Leiden University
Electrochemical and surface studies of the effect of naphthalene-based additives on tin electrodeposition. *D.M. Aranzales ... Electrochemical and surface studies of the effect of naphthalene-based additives on tin electrodeposition ...
https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/events/2021/03/electrochemical-and-surface-studies-of-the-effect-of-naphthalene-based-additives-on-tin-electrodeposition
Platinum complexes of naphthalene-1,8-dichalcogen and related polyaromatic hydrocarbon ligands - StrathprintsPlatinum complexes of naphthalene-1,8-dichalcogen and related polyaromatic hydrocarbon ligands - Strathprints
The naphthalene ring suffers significant distortion from planarity.. ORCID iDs. Aucott, S M, Milton, H L, Robertson, S D ORCID ... The dilithium salts of 1,8-E-2-naphthalene (E = S or Se) prepared in situ by reduction of the E-E bond with [LiBEt3H] were ... The parent naphthalene, acenaphthene and phenanthrene chalcogen compounds were treated with either [Pt(PPh3)(4)] or [Pt(C2H4)( ... Platinum complexes of naphthalene-1,8-dichalcogen and related polyaromatic hydrocarbon ligands ...
https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/33867/
Immunochemical method to detect proteins that undergo selective modification by 1,2-naphthoquinone derived from naphthalene...
Naphthalene undergoes biotransformation by a variety of enzymes to yield 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ), a reactive metabolite ... Western blot analysis revealed that the antibody prepared against 1,2-NQ recognized the naphthalene moiety with the ortho- ... Because this covalent modification is thought to account for naphthalene toxicity, a procedure to detect 1,2-NQ bound to ... Immunochemical method to detect proteins that undergo selective modification by 1,2-naphthoquinone derived from naphthalene ...
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jts/35/6/35_6_843/_article/-char/en/
Generation of a series of B <sub>n</sub> fused oligo-naphthalenes (n = 1 to 3)...
Generation of a series of B n fused oligo-naphthalenes (n = 1 to 3) from a B 1 -polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. In: Chemical ... Generation of a series of B n fused oligo-naphthalenes (n = 1 to 3) from a B 1 -polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. / Kahan, R. J ... Dive into the research topics of Generation of a series of B n fused oligo-naphthalenes (n = 1 to 3) from a B 1 -polycyclic ... Generation of a series of B n fused oligo-naphthalenes (n = 1 to 3) from a B 1 -polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Chemical ...
https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/generation-of-a-series-of-b-subnsub-fused-oligo-naphthalenes-n-1-
China (mainland) Naphthalene Ball, Ant Killer, Air Freshener, CamphorTablet Manufacture - Shanghai Sino-Resource Hygitene...China (mainland) Naphthalene Ball, Ant Killer, Air Freshener, CamphorTablet Manufacture - Shanghai Sino-Resource Hygitene...
Naphthalene Ball, Ant Killer, Air Freshener, CamphorTablet and other products. ... We are devoted to providing high quality products like Naphthalene ball, Camphor Tablet, Drain Clean Powder, Ant killer, ...
https://www.ttnet.net/ttnet/gotohtm/0/1303230323631343.htm
benzene methylbenzene naphthalene mechanism nitration electrophilic substitution in benzene nitro-aromatic products reactions...
At room temperature, naphthalene reacts directly with concentrated nitric acid to yield mainly 1-nitronaphthalene. ... 7.5.1 Reagents, reaction conditions, products and equations for the nitration of benzene, methylbenzene and naphthalene ...
https://www.docbrown.info/page06/aromatics5.htm
Expression of Naphthalene Oxidation Genes in Escherichia coli Results in the Biosynthesis of Indigo<...Expression of Naphthalene Oxidation Genes in Escherichia coli Results in the Biosynthesis of Indigo<...
Expression of Naphthalene Oxidation Genes in Escherichia coli Results in the Biosynthesis of Indigo. Science. 1983 Jan 1;222( ... Expression of Naphthalene Oxidation Genes in Escherichia coli Results in the Biosynthesis of Indigo. In: Science. 1983 ; Vol. ... Ensley, B. D., Ratzkin, B. J., Osslund, T. D., Simon, M. J., Wackett, L. P., & Gibson, D. T. (1983). Expression of Naphthalene ... Expression of Naphthalene Oxidation Genes in Escherichia coli Results in the Biosynthesis of Indigo. / Ensley, Burt D.; Ratzkin ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/expression-of-naphthalene-oxidation-genes-in-escherichia-coli-res
Determination of the location of naphthalene in the zeolite ZSM-5 host framework by solid-state H-1/Si-29 CP MAS NMR...Determination of the location of naphthalene in the zeolite ZSM-5 host framework by solid-state H-1/Si-29 CP MAS NMR...
... naphthalene-d(0), alpha-naphthalene-d(4), and beta-naphthalene-d(4)). The average of the molecule locations in agreement with ... The location of naphthalene in the zeolite ZSM-5 has been determined from solid-state H-1/Si-29 cross-polarization (CP) magic- ... Determination of the location of naphthalene in the zeolite ZSM-5 host framework by solid-state H-1/Si-29 CP MAS NMR ... Determination of the location of naphthalene in the zeolite ZSM-5 host framework by solid-state H-1/Si-29 CP MAS NMR ...
http://www.chem.ubc.ca/determination-location-naphthalene-zeolite-zsm-5-host-framework-solid-state-h-1si-29-cp-mas-nmr
ToxicityBenzeneAlkyl Naphthalene SulfonateSynthesis2022Sodium naphthalene2001Acetic acidSulfonate formaldehydeCompoundsPhosphineSulfonicAcuteAromaticMethylnaphthaleneSuperplasticizerAmounts of naphthaleneChemicalsConcentrationsDegradationMoth2030CarcinogenicExposureSubstanceBallsProductsBreathingVomitIngredientPetroleumManufactureLifetimeSaltsBreatheConcentrationDeficiencyContentIndustryFoundChina
Toxicity4
  • Because this covalent modification is thought to account for naphthalene toxicity, a procedure to detect 1,2-NQ bound to macromolecules is required. (go.jp)
  • Methods: This review is an update for the clinicians to understand the pharmacology, clinical features, laboratory evaluation, and treatment for naphthalene toxicity. (actionmortgage.com)
  • External gaseous exchange then takes place, using the principle of diffusion: NIH Publication No. Naphthalene poisoning is a rare form of toxicity that may occur after ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure to naphthalene-containing compounds such as mothballs. (actionmortgage.com)
  • Naphthalene poisoning is a rare form of toxicity that may occur after ingestion, inhalation, or dermal Introduction. (actionmortgage.com)
Benzene1
  • Benzene, toluene , and naphthalene were found to diffuse through and/or around the turnout jacket, as inside jacket benzene concentrations were often near levels reported outside the turnout jacket (9.7-11.7% median benzene reduction from outside the jacket to inside the jacket). (cdc.gov)
Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate1
  • Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate is the mixture of sulfonated sodium salts of the reaction products of branched nonene with C10-13 aromatic hydrocarbons. (productingredients.com)
Synthesis2
  • For instance, naphthalene sulfonic acids are used in synthesis of various dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals. (marketresearchfuture.com)
  • The selective synthesis of 2,6-DMN from naphthalene and methanol was carried out over different zeolites (HZSM-5, Hβ, HUSY and SAPO-11) modified by 0.1wt% PdO under atmospheric pressure. (scirp.org)
20221
  • Naphthalene Market is projected to be worth USD 442.70 Million by 2030, registering a CAGR of 3.70% during the forecast period (2022 - 2030). (marketresearchfuture.com)
Sodium naphthalene5
  • Last：The loaded extractant (the extractant complexed with naphthalene sulfonic acid) generates sodium naphthalene sulfonate under the action of the alkaline solution and enters the alkaline solution to complete the reverse extraction process. (tyextractor.com)
  • Sodium Naphthalene Sulphonate Formaldehyde Market is Projected to. (dr-ay.com)
  • Sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde (SNF) is an anionic surfactant for the preparation of anti-freezing agents, retarders, and compound accelerators. (dr-ay.com)
  • The global Sodium Naphthalene Sulphonate Formaldehyde Market report looks at the use of additives to be used in the. (dr-ay.com)
  • And, compared to traditional solvent chemistry solutions like acetones or sodium naphthalene, plasma is less caustic and much more environmentally friendly. (tstar.com)
20012
  • 2001)‎. Chlorinated naphthalenes. (who.int)
  • He, Z. and Zhu, L. (2001) Prepartion and Application of 2,6-Naphthalene Dicarboxylic Acid and Dimethyl-2, 6Naphthalene Dicarboxylate. (scirp.org)
Acetic acid2
  • He compared long-dip and short-dip methods using naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), a compound found in many commercial root stimulants. (greenhousecanada.com)
  • Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA), Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) were used at different concentrations and applied to softwood, semi hardwood and hardwood cuttings. (masujournal.org)
Sulfonate formaldehyde4
  • This is largely attributed to the increase in demand for naphthalene derivatives such as naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde (NFS) in concrete admixtures and to manufacture plasterboards. (marketresearchfuture.com)
  • Chemical name Naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate , which has strong cement particle dispersibility. (elite-indus.com)
  • Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde (SNF/ NSF /PNS) has a minimum shelf life of 12 months provided it is stored under cover, out of direct sunlight. (elite-indus.com)
  • The optimum dosage of Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde (SNF/ NSF /PNS) to meet specific requirements should always be determined by trials using the materials and conditions that will be experienced in use. (elite-indus.com)
Compounds3
  • Various artificially synthesized naphthalene compounds are used as precursors in the production of other chemicals. (marketresearchfuture.com)
  • In addition to this, the increasing use of naphthalene-based compounds as dye dispersing agents and intermediates in the preparation of synthetic dyes in textile industry is further creating lucrative opportunities for the players operating in the global naphthalene market. (marketresearchfuture.com)
  • As firefighters performed the firefighting activities, personal air sampling on the outside and inside the turnout jacket was conducted to quantify exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and naphthalene. (cdc.gov)
Phosphine1
  • 1,8-Bis(hexamethyltriaminophosphazenyl)naphthalene or HMPN [3] is prepared from 1,8-Bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene by reaction with Tris(dimethylamino) phosphine . (chemeurope.com)
Sulfonic1
  • CWL-M centrifugal extractor applied in this extraction production project, after the treatment of naphthalene sulfonic acid in wastewater, the complex extractant is selected as the extractant. (tyextractor.com)
Acute5
  • However, acute exposure of naphthalene and its subsequent derivates can cause health-related hazards such as cataract, hemolytic anemia, retinal hemorrhage, and cancer, which is likely to hamper its growth of the market. (marketresearchfuture.com)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Acute naphthalene poisoning. (who.int)
  • Acute naphthalene poisoning. (who.int)
  • Kumar A, Mohan M. Acute naphthalene poisoning. (who.int)
  • If remediation is not complete, then go to Step 4.B. Acute exposure of humans to naphthalene by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact is associated with haemolytic anaemia, liver damage, neurological damage in infants, and death. (actionmortgage.com)
Aromatic5
  • Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, or PAH, released from combustion of fossil fuels and waste incinerators, and also used as a moth repellent. (ewg.org)
  • Naphthalene is a white crystalline organic aromatic compound. (marketresearchfuture.com)
  • The electron-donating diaminoalkyl substituents together with the electron-deficient aromatic core of the naphthalene diimides increase the charge-transfer character of their photoexcited states and thus shift their absorption into the visible light (500-650 nm). (kit.edu)
  • The results of the calculations show that there is an increase in the conformational deformability of the aromatic systems in 1,4,6-TMN compared to naphthalene. (ac.rs)
  • The deformation energies and the frequencies of the lowest out-of-plane ring deformations correlate well with the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values for the aromatic rings in 1,4,6-TMN and naphthalene. (ac.rs)
Methylnaphthalene8
  • This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene. (cdc.gov)
  • HIGHLIGHTS: Exposure to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2- methylnaphthalene happens mostly from breathing air contaminated from the burning of wood, tobacco, or fossil fuels, industrial discharges, or moth repellents. (cdc.gov)
  • Naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene have been found in at least 687, 36, and 412, respectively, of the 1,662 National Priority List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
  • What happens to naphthalene, 1 methylnaphthalene, and 2 methylnaphthalene when they enter the environment? (cdc.gov)
  • 1-Methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene are expected to act like naphthalene in air, water, or soil because they have similar chemical and physical properties. (cdc.gov)
  • How might I be exposed to naphthalene, 1 methylnaphthalene, and 2 methylnaphthalene? (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene from eating foods or drinking beverages is unlikely. (cdc.gov)
  • How can naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene affect my health? (cdc.gov)
Superplasticizer1
  • The naphthalene-based superplasticizer is a non-air-entraining high-efficiency water reducing agent synthesized by the chemical industry. (elite-indus.com)
Amounts of naphthalene6
  • Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy some of your red blood cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may also sites and landfills. (cdc.gov)
  • eyes after swallowing high amounts of naphthalene. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may also cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blood in the urine, and a yellow color to the skin. (cdc.gov)
  • Animals sometimes develop cloudiness in their eyes after swallowing high amounts of naphthalene. (cdc.gov)
  • The most likely source of exposure to significant amounts of naphthalene is occupational inhalation of the vapour, since its principal use is in industry [1]. (actionmortgage.com)
Chemicals5
  • The global market is expected to be driven by the increased demand for naphthalene as a precursor in the production of construction chemicals and agrochemicals. (marketresearchfuture.com)
  • Additionally, the augmenting use of naphthalene products in the production of fumigant insecticides on account of vast arable lands coupled with rising demand for high-quality crop protection chemicals is expected to drive the regional market demand. (marketresearchfuture.com)
  • Nease Performance Chemicals provides naphthalene sulfonates with excellent wetting and dispersing properties. (neaseco.com)
  • Nease Performance Chemicals is an industry leader in high-performance naphthalene sulfonates. (neaseco.com)
  • One grade of naphthalene sulfonate can also be used as a dispersant in many areas, which include textile chemicals, pesticide formulations, cements, emulsion polymerization, pigments and dyestuffs, and leather tanning. (neaseco.com)
Concentrations1
  • This paper deals with the stimulation of biofilm formation of Bacillus atrophaeus CN4 by employing low squamocin concentrations to increase naphthalene degradation. (bvsalud.org)
Degradation1
  • Squamocin, an annonaceous acetogenin, enhances naphthalene degradation mediated by Bacillus atrophaeus CN4. (bvsalud.org)
Moth3
  • Touching fabrics that are treated with moth repellents containing naphthalene. (cdc.gov)
  • Be aware that you can also breathe in naphthalene vapours from clothes that have been stored in moth balls. (actionmortgage.com)
  • Naphthalene poisoning is brought about by ingestion of the toxic substance usually in moth repellents, lavatory deodorizers, and a compound for industrial use. (classesfirstaid.ca)
20301
Carcinogenic1
  • Naphthalene is classified as "probably carcinogenic" according to the CLP regulation (Classification, Labelling and Packaging). (reckhorn.com)
Exposure3
  • A reference concentration (RfC) for inhalation exposure to naphthalene has not been derived (U.S. EPA, 1991, 1992). (actionmortgage.com)
  • Exposure to naphthalene can cause haemolytic anaemia, which doesn't prevent it being an ingredient in lavatory-bowl deodorant blocks. (actionmortgage.com)
  • Symptoms of severe poisoning are vomiting, then coma, and hematuria (Ref. Chronic (long-term) exposure of workers and rodents to naphthalene has been reported to cause cataracts and damage to the retina. (actionmortgage.com)
Substance2
  • Naphthalene is a white solid substance with a strong smell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The accredited test laboratory found, among others, the substance naphthalene at 500µg/m³. (reckhorn.com)
Balls1
Products7
  • Note: Naphthalene can sometimes be found in household products abused as inhalants. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For instance, on account of VOC emissions and health issues related to naphthalene, the European Union (EU) has banned the supply of naphthalene-based products since 2008. (marketresearchfuture.com)
  • We are devoted to providing high quality products like Naphthalene ball, Camphor Tablet, Drain Clean Powder, Ant killer, Medical Equipment Disinfectant, Anti-bacterial Liquid Hand Wash, Medicine Use Wash Liquid,Air Freshener etc. (ttnet.net)
  • The Nease portfolio of NAXAN® naphthalene sulfonates includes products which vary in foaming tendency - from medium to low. (neaseco.com)
  • Product categories of Naphthalene , we are specialized manufacturers from China, Naphthalene , Naphthalene suppliers/factory, wholesale high-quality products of Naphthalene R & D and manufacturing, we have the perfect after-sales service and technical support. (nbrefrigerantgas.com)
  • Here you can find the related products in Naphthalene , we are professional manufacturer of Naphthalene. (nbrefrigerantgas.com)
  • If you want to know more about the products in Naphthalene, please click the product details to view parameters, models, pictures, prices and other information about Naphthalene. (nbrefrigerantgas.com)
Breathing2
  • The major commercial use of ` Breathing air contaminated from industrial discharges or smoke naphthalene is in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from burning wood, tobacco, or fossil fuels. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing naphthalene for a lifetime at 0.14 ppbv is very unlikely to be harmful to people. (wisconsin.gov)
Vomit1
  • People who have recently eaten many mothballs containing naphthalene may be forced to vomit. (medlineplus.gov)
Ingredient1
Petroleum2
Manufacture1
  • The major commercial use of naphthalene is in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. (cdc.gov)
Lifetime2
  • naphthalene vapors daily for a lifetime developed irritation and ` Naphthalene does not accumulate in the flesh of animals or fish inflammation of their nose and lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Rats and mice that breathed naphthalene vapors daily for a lifetime developed irritation and inflammation of their nose and lungs. (cdc.gov)
Salts1
  • Platinum bisphosphine complexes bearing dichalcogen-derivatised naphthalene, acenaphthene or phenanthrene ligands have been prepared by either oxidative addition to zero-valent platinum species or from [PtCl2(PPhR2)] (R =Ph or Me) and the disodium or dilithium salts of the parent disulfur, diselenide or mixed S/Se species. (strath.ac.uk)
Breathe1
  • people breathe naphthalene most often when … the job. (wisconsin.gov)
Concentration1
  • In the absence of additional carbon sources, the strain removed 69% of the initial concentration of naphthalene (approx. (bvsalud.org)
Deficiency1
  • Note: People with a condition called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency are more vulnerable to the effects of naphthalene. (medlineplus.gov)
Content1
  • http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2002. (ias.ac.in)
Industry2
  • Additionally, the surging demand for naphthalene derivatives to produce insecticides in the agrochemical industry is likely to fuel the demand for naphthalene in the coming years. (marketresearchfuture.com)
  • This study focuses on China's Refined Naphthalene industry assessments and company profiles. (asdreports.com)
Found2
  • The average of the molecule locations in agreement with all three sets of NMR data was found to be in excellent agreement with an existing single crystal XRD structure of the naphthalene-ZSM-5 complex. (ubc.ca)
  • Guideline values for naphthalene can be found in the download area. (reckhorn.com)
China1