Nanoparticles. Medical search

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

Synthesized magnetic particles under 100 nanometers possessing many biomedical applications including DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and CONTRAST AGENTS. The particles are usually coated with a variety of polymeric compounds.

Relating to the size of solids.

A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.

Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.

Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

Nanometer-sized, hollow, spherically-shaped objects that can be utilized to encapsulate small amounts of pharmaceuticals, enzymes, or other catalysts (Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology, 4th ed).

A biocompatible polymer used as a surgical suture material.

Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.

The branch of medicine concerned with the application of NANOTECHNOLOGY to the prevention and treatment of disease. It involves the monitoring, repair, construction, and control of human biological systems at the molecular level, using engineered nanodevices and NANOSTRUCTURES. (From Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, vol 1, 1999).

Deacetylated CHITIN, a linear polysaccharide of deacetylated beta-1,4-D-glucosamine. It is used in HYDROGEL and to treat WOUNDS.

Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

Materials which have structured components with at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. These include NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; and NANOWIRES.

Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.

A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.

Pollution prevention through the design of effective chemical products that have low or no toxicity and use of chemical processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances.

The study of MAGNETIC PHENOMENA.

Tailored macromolecules harboring covalently-bound biologically active modules that target specific tissues and cells. The active modules or functional groups can include drugs, prodrugs, antibodies, and oligonucleotides, which can act synergistically and be multitargeting.

An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

Iron (II,III) oxide (Fe3O4). It is a black ore of IRON that forms opaque crystals and exerts strong magnetism.

A polyester used for absorbable sutures & surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons.

Nanometer sized fragments of semiconductor crystalline material which emit PHOTONS. The wavelength is based on the quantum confinement size of the dot. They can be embedded in MICROBEADS for high throughput ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES.

Protein-mineral complexes that comprise substrates needed for the normal calcium-carbonate-phosphate homeostasis. Nanobacteria was the prior name for the particles which were originally thought to be microorganisms.

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts; atomic number, 22; atomic weight, 47.90; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Nanometer-scale composite structures composed of organic molecules intimately incorporated with inorganic molecules. (Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechology Terms, 4th ed)

The preparation, mixing, and assembling of a drug. (From Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th ed, p1814)

A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Areas of attractive or repulsive force surrounding MAGNETS.

Polymerized forms of styrene used as a biocompatible material, especially in dentistry. They are thermoplastic and are used as insulators, for injection molding and casting, as sheets, plates, rods, rigid forms and beads.

Inorganic compounds that contain cadmium as an integral part of the molecule.

Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Two-phase systems in which one is uniformly dispersed in another as particles small enough so they cannot be filtered or will not settle out. The dispersing or continuous phase or medium envelops the particles of the discontinuous phase. All three states of matter can form colloids among each other.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.

Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology.

Tree-like, highly branched, polymeric compounds. They grow three-dimensionally by the addition of shells of branched molecules to a central core. The overall globular shape and presence of cavities gives potential as drug carriers and CONTRAST AGENTS.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.

Strongly cationic polymer that binds to certain proteins; used as a marker in immunology, to precipitate and purify enzymes and lipids. Synonyms: aziridine polymer; Epamine; Epomine; ethylenimine polymer; Montrek; PEI; Polymin(e).

The use of molecularly targeted imaging probes to localize and/or monitor biochemical and cellular processes via various imaging modalities that include RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; and MICROSCOPY.

Nanometer-sized tubes composed of various substances including carbon (CARBON NANOTUBES), boron nitride, or nickel vanadate.

Inorganic compounds that contain silver as an integral part of the molecule.

A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.

Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, thereby increasing the bond strength between the coated material and bone, and minimize possible biological effects that may result from the implant itself.

A group of compounds having the general formula CH2=C(CN)-COOR; it polymerizes on contact with moisture; used as tissue adhesive; higher homologs have hemostatic and antibacterial properties.

Polymers of organic acids and alcohols, with ester linkages--usually polyethylene terephthalate; can be cured into hard plastic, films or tapes, or fibers which can be woven into fabrics, meshes or velours.

Characteristics, properties, and effects of magnetic substances and magnetic fields.

Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.

A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

Spherical particles of nanometer dimensions.

Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.

Non-invasive imaging of cells that have been labeled non-destructively, such as with nanoemulsions or reporter genes that can be detected by molecular imaging, to monitor their location, viability, cell lineage expansion, response to drugs, movement, or other behaviors in vivo.

Condition of having pores or open spaces. This often refers to bones, bone implants, or bone cements, but can refer to the porous state of any solid substance.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

A nonionic polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block co-polymer with the general formula HO(C2H4O)a(-C3H6O)b(C2H4O)aH. It is available in different grades which vary from liquids to solids. It is used as an emulsifying agent, solubilizing agent, surfactant, and wetting agent for antibiotics. Poloxamer is also used in ointment and suppository bases and as a tablet binder or coater. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)

A complex mixture of PHOSPHOLIPIDS; GLYCOLIPIDS; and TRIGLYCERIDES; with substantial amounts of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINES; and PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS, which are sometimes loosely termed as 1,2-diacyl-3-phosphocholines. Lecithin is a component of the CELL MEMBRANE and commercially extracted from SOYBEANS and EGG YOLK. The emulsifying and surfactant properties are useful in FOOD ADDITIVES and for forming organogels (GELS).

Nanometer-sized tubes composed mainly of CARBON. Such nanotubes are used as probes for high-resolution structural and chemical imaging of biomolecules with ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY.

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.

Inorganic compounds that contain gold as an integral part of the molecule.

The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.

Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.

The application of scientific knowledge or technology to pharmacy and the pharmaceutical industry. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation in the manufacture, preparation, compounding, dispensing, packaging, and storing of drugs and other preparations used in diagnostic and determinative procedures, and in the treatment of patients.

Technique whereby the weight of a sample can be followed over a period of time while its temperature is being changed (usually increased at a constant rate).

Abnormally high temperature intentionally induced in living things regionally or whole body. It is most often induced by radiation (heat waves, infra-red), ultrasound, or drugs.

A suspension of metallic gold particles.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

The study of the energy of electrons ejected from matter by the photoelectric effect, i.e., as a direct result of absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation. As the energies of the electrons are characteristic of a specific element, the measurement of the energy of these electrons is a technique used to determine the chemical composition of surfaces.

A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.

Objects that produce a magnetic field.

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

A product formed from skin, white connective tissue, or bone COLLAGEN. It is used as a protein food adjuvant, plasma substitute, hemostatic, suspending agent in pharmaceutical preparations, and in the manufacturing of capsules and suppositories.

Behavior of LIGHT and its interactions with itself and materials.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th ed) It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as "alutiae".

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Usually inert substances added to a prescription in order to provide suitable consistency to the dosage form. These include binders, matrix, base or diluent in pills, tablets, creams, salves, etc.

The use of light interaction (scattering, absorption, and fluorescence) with biological tissue to obtain morphologically based information. It includes measuring inherent tissue optical properties such as scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence; or optical properties of exogenous targeted fluorescent molecular probes such as those used in optical MOLECULAR IMAGING, or nontargeted optical CONTRAST AGENTS.

Physical reactions involved in the formation of or changes in the structure of atoms and molecules and their interactions.

Method of tissue preparation in which the tissue specimen is frozen and then dehydrated at low temperature in a high vacuum. This method is also used for dehydrating pharmaceutical and food products.

Application of pharmaceutically active agents on the tissues of the EYE.

The transport of materials through a cell. It includes the uptake of materials by the cell (ENDOCYTOSIS), the movement of those materials through the cell, and the subsequent secretion of those materials (EXOCYTOSIS).

A type of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY in which the object is examined directly by an extremely narrow electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point and using the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen to create the image. It should not be confused with SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.

Anhydride polymers with a repeating structure of RC(=O)OC(=O)R. They readily hydrolyze in water making them useful for DELAYED-ACTION PREPARATIONS.

A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.

Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.

Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of the scattered light.

Inorganic compounds that contain selenium as an integral part of the molecule.

The introduction of functional (usually cloned) GENES into cells. A variety of techniques and naturally occurring processes are used for the gene transfer such as cell hybridization, LIPOSOMES or microcell-mediated gene transfer, ELECTROPORATION, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, TRANSFECTION, and GENETIC TRANSDUCTION. Gene transfer may result in genetically transformed cells and individual organisms.

Silicon polymers that contain alternate silicon and oxygen atoms in linear or cyclic molecular structures.

Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid ferrocyanic acid (H4Fe(CN)6).

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

Emission of LIGHT when ELECTRONS return to the electronic ground state from an excited state and lose the energy as PHOTONS. It is sometimes called cool light in contrast to INCANDESCENCE. LUMINESCENT MEASUREMENTS take advantage of this type of light emitted from LUMINESCENT AGENTS.

The thermodynamic interaction between a substance and WATER.

Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.

The magnetic stimulation of specific target tissues or areas of the body for therapeutic purposes via the application of magnetic fields generated by MAGNETS or ELECTROMAGNETS.

Small uniformly-sized spherical particles, of micrometer dimensions, frequently labeled with radioisotopes or various reagents acting as tags or markers.

A genus of plant viruses of the family COMOVIRIDAE in which the bipartite genome is encapsidated in separate icosahedral particles. Mosaic and mottle symptoms are characteristic, and transmission is exclusively by leaf-feeding beetles. Cowpea mosaic virus is the type species.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

Transmission of energy or mass by a medium involving movement of the medium itself. The circulatory movement that occurs in a fluid at a nonuniform temperature owing to the variation of its density and the action of gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed; Webster, 10th ed)

The spectrometric analysis of fluorescent X-RAYS, i.e. X-rays emitted after bombarding matter with high energy particles such as PROTONS; ELECTRONS; or higher energy X-rays. Identification of ELEMENTS by this technique is based on the specific type of X-rays that are emitted which are characteristic of the specific elements in the material being analyzed. The characteristic X-rays are distinguished and/or quantified by either wavelength dispersive or energy dispersive methods.

A peptide which is a homopolymer of lysine.

The area within CELLS.

The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.

A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a probe systematically rides across the surface of a sample being scanned in a raster pattern. The vertical position is recorded as a spring attached to the probe rises and falls in response to peaks and valleys on the surface. These deflections produce a topographic map of the sample.

Europium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.

A carrier or inert medium used as a solvent (or diluent) in which the medicinally active agent is formulated and or administered. (Dictionary of Pharmacy, 1986)

An array of tests used to determine the toxicity of a substance to living systems. These include tests on clinical drugs, foods, and environmental pollutants.

Nanometer range spherical cores of particular semiconductor compounds surrounded by an ultrathin metal shell that is commonly made of gold or silver. This configuration gives the nanoshells highly tunable optical properties. They have potential in biomedicine for diagnosis and therapy.

A polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals; also used as blood volume expander.

Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.

Materials fabricated by BIOMIMETICS techniques, i.e., based on natural processes found in biological systems.

A 60-kDa extracellular protein of Streptomyces avidinii with four high-affinity biotin binding sites. Unlike AVIDIN, streptavidin has a near neutral isoelectric point and is free of carbohydrate side chains.

Materials that have a limited and usually variable electrical conductivity. They are particularly useful for the production of solid-state electronic devices.

Poly-2-methylpropenoic acids. Used in the manufacture of methacrylate resins and plastics in the form of pellets and granules, as absorbent for biological materials and as filters; also as biological membranes and as hydrogens. Synonyms: methylacrylate polymer; poly(methylacrylate); acrylic acid methyl ester polymer.

The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Colloids with liquid continuous phase and solid dispersed phase; the term is used loosely also for solid-in-gas (AEROSOLS) and other colloidal systems; water-insoluble drugs may be given as suspensions.

An integrin that binds to a variety of plasma and extracellular matrix proteins containing the conserved RGD amino acid sequence and modulates cell adhesion. Integrin alphavbeta3 is highly expressed in OSTEOCLASTS where it may play role in BONE RESORPTION. It is also abundant in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and in some tumor cells, where it is involved in angiogenesis and cell migration. Although often referred to as the vitronectin receptor there is more than one receptor for vitronectin (RECEPTORS, VITRONECTIN).

The use of devices which use detector molecules to detect, investigate, or analyze other molecules, macromolecules, molecular aggregates, or organisms.

An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.

The diversion of RADIATION (thermal, electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result of interactions or collisions with atoms, molecules, or larger particles in the atmosphere or other media. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The utilization of an electrical current to measure, analyze, or alter chemicals or chemical reactions in solution, cells, or tissues.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.

Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.

Experiments designed to determine the potential toxic effects of one-time, short-term exposure to a chemical or chemicals.

Ytterbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.

Serum albumin from cows, commonly used in in vitro biological studies. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A plant family of the order Myrtales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida composed of tropical plants with parallel-nerved leaves.

Tellurium. An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.

A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDROCARBONS, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke. It is the product of incomplete combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in low oxygen conditions. It is sometimes called lampblack or carbon black and is used in INK, in rubber tires, and to prepare CARBON NANOTUBES.

A plant genus of the family ARALIACEAE. Members contain hederin (olean-12-ene) type TRITERPENES.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

Compounds similar to hydrocarbons in which a tetravalent silicon atom replaces the carbon atom. They are very reactive, ignite in air, and form useful derivatives.

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

Uptake of substances through the SKIN.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

Sorbitan mono-9-octadecanoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives; complex mixtures of polyoxyethylene ethers used as emulsifiers or dispersing agents in pharmaceuticals.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Synthetic and natural polycationic polymer nanoparticles interact selectively with fluid-phase domains of DMPC lipid bilayers. (1/4646)

Polycationic polymers are known to disrupt lipid bilayers. In this letter, we report the dependence of this disruption on the lipid structural phase. DMPC bilayers are exposed to two polycationic polymeric nanoparticles, PAMAM dendrimers and MSI-78. We find that regions of the bilayer that are in the gel phase are unaffected by the presence of polymers, whereas the liquid phase is disrupted. (+info)

Body distribution and in situ evading of phagocytic uptake by macrophages of long-circulating poly (ethylene glycol) cyanoacrylate-co-n-hexadecyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles. (2/4646)

AIM: To investigate the body distribution in mice of [14C]-labeled poly methoxyethyleneglycol cyanoacrylate-co-n-hexadecyl cyanoacrylate (PEG-PHDCA) nanoparticles and in situ evading of phagocytic uptake by mouse peritoneal macrophages. METHODS: PEG-PHDCA copolymers were synthesized by condensation of methoxypolyethylene glycol cyanoacetate with [14C]-hexadecyl-cyanoacetate. [14C]-nanoparticles were prepared using the nanoprecipitation/solvent diffusion method, while fluorescent nanoparticles were prepared by incorporating rhodamine B. In situ phagocytic uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry. Body distribution in mice was evaluated by determining radioactivity in tissues using a scintillation method. RESULTS: Phagocytic uptake by macrophages can be efficiently evaded by fluorescent PEG-PHDCA nanoparticles. After 48 h, 31% of the radioactivity of the stealth [14C]-PEG-PHDCA nanoparticles after iv injection was still found in blood, whereas non-stealth PHDCA nanoparticles were cleaned up from the bloodstream in a short time. The distribution of stealth PEG-PHDCA nanoparticles and non-stealth PHDCA nanoparticals in mice was poor in lung, kidney, and brain, and a little higher in hearts. Lymphatic accumulation was unusually high for both stealth and non-stealth nanoparticles, typical of lymphatic capture. The accumulation of stealth PEG-PHDCA nanoparticles in the spleen was 1.7 times as much as that of non-stealth PHDCA (P< 0.01). But the accumulation of stealth PEG-PHDCA nanoparticles in the liver was 0.8 times as much as that of non-stealth PHDCA (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: PEGylation leads to long-circulation of nanoparticles in the bloodstream, and splenotropic accumulation opens up the potential for further development of spleen-targeted drug delivery. (+info)

Enhancing the photoluminescence of peptide-coated nanocrystals with shell composition and UV irradiation. (3/4646)

The composition and structure of inorganic shells grown over CdSe semiconductor nanocrystal dots and rods were optimized to yield enhanced photoluminescence properties after ligand exchange followed by coating with phytochelatin-related peptides. We show that, in addition to the peptides imparting superior colloidal properties and providing biofunctionality in a single-step reaction, the improved shells and pretreatment with UV irradiation resulted in high quantum yields for the nanocrystals in water. Moreover, peptide coating caused a noticeable red-shift in the absorption and emission spectra for one of the tested shells, suggesting that exciton-molecular orbital (X-MO) coupling might take place in these hybrid inorganic-organic composite materials. (+info)

Surface functionalization of gold nanoparticles using hetero-bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) spacer for intracellular tracking and delivery. (4/4646)

For the development of surface-functionalized gold nanoparticles as cellular probes and delivery agents, we have synthesized hetero-bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, MW 1500) having a thiol group on one terminus and a reactive functional group on the other for use as a flexible spacer. Coumarin, a model fluorescent dye, was conjugated to one end of the PEG spacer and gold nanoparticles were modified with coumarin-PEG-thiol. Surface attachment of coumarin through the PEG spacer decreased the fluorescence quenching effect of gold nanoparticles. The results of cellular cytotoxicity and fluorescence confocal analyses showed that the PEG spacer-modified nanoparticles were essentially non-toxic and could be efficiently internalized in the cells within 1 hour of incubation. Intracellular particle tracking using a Keck 3-D Fusion Microscope System showed that the functionalized gold nanoparticles were rapidly internalized in the cells and localized in the peri-nuclear region. Using the PEG spacer, the gold nano-platform can be conjugated with a variety of biologically relevant ligands such as fluorescent dyes, antibodies, etc in order to target, probe, and induce a stimulus at the target site. (+info)

Coarse grained protein-lipid model with application to lipoprotein particles. (5/4646)

A coarse-grained model for molecular dynamics simulations is extended from lipids to proteins. In the framework of such models pioneered by Klein, atoms are described group-wise by beads, with the interactions between beads governed by effective potentials. The extension developed here is based on a coarse-grained lipid model developed previously by Marrink et al., although future versions will reconcile the approach taken with the systematic approach of Klein and other authors. Each amino acid of the protein is represented by two coarse-grained beads, one for the backbone (identical for all residues) and one for the side-chain (which differs depending on the residue type). The coarse-graining reduces the system size about 10-fold and allows integration time steps of 25-50 fs. The model is applied to simulations of discoidal high-density lipoprotein particles involving water, lipids, and two primarily helical proteins. These particles are an ideal test system for the extension of coarse-grained models. Our model proved to be reliable in maintaining the shape of preassembled particles and in reproducing the overall structural features of high-density lipoproteins accurately. Microsecond simulations of lipoprotein assembly revealed the formation of a protein-lipid complex in which two proteins are attached to either side of a discoidal lipid bilayer. (+info)

Electrochemistry of xanthine oxidase and its interaction with nitric oxide. (6/4646)

With the help of nanocrystalline TiO2, the direct electrochemistry of xanthine oxidase (XOD) was achieved and two pairs of redox waves were observed. The interaction between XOD and nitric oxide (NO) was also investigated. The experimental results reveal that NO can be reduced at a XOD-nano TiO2 film modified electrode. When the NO concentration was low, the reduced product, HNO, would inactivate the protein. However, when the NO concentration was high, HNO would continue to react with NO to form N2O2- and N3O3-, which would not inhibit XOD, and thus the amount of active protein did not decrease any further. (+info)

Calixarene-encapsulated nanoparticles: self-assembly into functional nanomaterials. (7/4646)

Calixarenes are excellent surfactants for enhancing the dispersion and self-assembly of metal nanoparticles into well-defined structures, particularly those with unit length scales in the 10-100 nm size range. Particles within these ensembles are strongly coupled, giving rise to unique collective optical or magnetic properties. The self-assembled nanostructures described in this feature article include 2D arrays of colloidal Au nanoparticles with size-dependent plasmonic responses, and sub-100 nm Co nanoparticle rings with chiral magnetic states. These nanoparticle assemblies may be further developed for applications in chemical sensing based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and as binary elements for nonvolatile memory, respectively. (+info)

Blood compatible carbon nanotubes--nano-based neoproteoglycans. (8/4646)

Although nanotechnology has provided a rich variety of nanomaterials (1-100 nm) for in vivo medical applications, the blood compatibility of all these nanobiomaterials is still largely unexamined. Here, we report the preparation of blood-compatible carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that potentially represent the building blocks for nanodevices having in vivo applications. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thromboelastography (TEG) studies prove that heparinization can significantly enhance the blood compatibility of nanomaterials. (+info)

The nanoparticles can form clusters (the so-called "plasmonic molecules") and interact with each other to form cluster states. ... Plasmonic nanoparticles are particles whose electron density can couple with electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths that are ... Changing the geometry of the nanoparticles can be used to manipulate the optical activity and properties of the system, but so ... The symmetry of the nanoparticles and the distribution of the electrons within them can affect a type of bonding or antibonding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmonic_nanoparticles

... journal of Nanoparticle Research. , SpringerLink". Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 9 (5): 885-900. doi:10.1007/s11051-006- ... Unlike synthetic nanoparticles, PNPs can be synthesized under mild conditions and without toxic chemicals or organic solvents. ... Kundu, Joydip; Chung, Yong-Il; Kim, Young Ha; Tae, Giyoong; Kundu, S. C. (30 March 2010). "Silk fibroin nanoparticles for ... Xu, Helan; Shen, Li; Xu, Lan; Yang, Yiqi (28 January 2015). "Controlled delivery of hollow corn protein nanoparticles via non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_nanoparticles

Ferrite nanoparticles or iron oxide nanoparticles (iron oxides in crystal structure of maghemite or magnetite) are the most ... Magnetic nanoparticles are a class of nanoparticle that can be manipulated using magnetic fields. Such particles commonly ... Magnetic nanoparticle clusters that are composed of a number of individual magnetic nanoparticles are known as magnetic ... The magnetic nanoparticles are coated with antibodies targeting cancer cells or proteins. The magnetic nanoparticles can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_nanoparticles

From this, the number of unit cells in a nanoparticle, and thus the total mass of the nanoparticle, can be estimated. As the ... To calculate the molecular mass of a nanoparticle, the size of the nanoparticle, the size and shape of the unit cell structure ... The use of upconverting nanoparticles in fingerprinting is highly selective. The upconverting nanoparticles can bind to ... the UCNPs target tumor cells and the plasmonic nanoparticles generate heat to kill cancer cells. [Field] nanoparticles generate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upconverting_nanoparticles

... (DENs) are nanoparticles ranging from 1.5 to 10 nm that are synthesized by a template ... Advantages that DENs have over other nanoparticles is that they are monodisperse and easy to make. The first component in DEN ... By using different sizes, or generations, of dendrimers it is possible to control the size of the nanoparticle to be ... Monometallic, bimetallic and semiconductor nanoparticles have been synthesized using this method. The primary use for DEN's is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrimer-encapsulated_nanoparticles

Nanoparticles may also be mixed with larger particles. For some applications, nanoparticles may be characterized in complex ... Many nanoparticles do not yet have reference materials available. Nanoparticles have the challenge that reference materials can ... A high background of natural and incidental nanoparticles may interfere with detection of the target engineered nanoparticle, ... Nanotoxicology is the study of the toxic effects of nanoparticles on living organisms. Characterization of a nanoparticle's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characterization_of_nanoparticles

Nanoparticle Drug Loading is dependent on the mass ratio of the drug being loaded and the drug-loaded nanoparticle. Variations ... Reduction-Sensitive Nanoparticles are nanoparticles that are responsive to reduction signaling environments. Redox-Sensitive ... In general, these crosslinks are located in the shell or the core of micelles nanoparticles. Redox-Sensitive Nanoparticles with ... The production methods would be dependent on the delivery method design for the nanoparticle. Polymeric nanoparticle synthesis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction-sensitive_nanoparticles

Other gold nanoparticles on the market are mostly for synthesis of nanoparticle complexes in research. Nanocomposix specializes ... Including PEG coating, the nanoparticles measured to be ~130 nm in diameter. Gold nanoparticles that act as drug delivery ... In order to have multiple targeting and therapeutic ligands bind with gold nanoparticles, the gold nanoparticles must first ... The concentrations of gold nanoparticles in biological systems for practical usage range from 1-100 nanoparticles per cell. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_nanoparticles_in_chemotherapy

The key to nanoparticle efficacy against antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria lies in their small size. On the nano scale, ... Nanoparticles can enhance the effects of traditional antibiotics which a bacterium may have become resistant to, and decrease ... Nanoparticles have been studied extensively for their antimicrobial properties in order to fight super bug bacteria. Several ... Doping nano tubes or fullerenes with silver or copper nanoparticles may also harm the cells ability to grow and replicate DNA. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_properties_of_nanoparticles

... (HEA-NPs) are nanoparticles having four or more elements alloyed in a single-phase solid ... "Nanoparticles and Systems and Methods for Synthesizing Nanoparticles Through Thermal Shock", published 2018-12-27, assigned to ... Yang, Chunpeng; Yao, Yonggang; He, Shuaiming; Xie, Hua; Hitz, Emily; Hu, Liangbing (2017). "Ultrafine Silver Nanoparticles for ... High-entropy alloys Thermal shock synthesis (CS1: long volume value, Alloys, Thermodynamic entropy, Nanoparticles by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-entropy-alloy_nanoparticles

Thus, large nanoparticle assemblies are more stable. The size dependence allows nanoparticles to self-assemble at the interface ... Nanoparticles are restricted to the interface by an energy reduction comparable to thermal energy. Thus, nanoparticles are ... Icosahedral twins Hydrogels Nanoparticles Nanoparticle deposition Wetterskog, Erik; Agthe, Michael; Mayence, Arnaud; Grins, ... Nanoparticles are classified as having at least one of three dimensions be in the range of 1-100 nm. The small size of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-assembly_of_nanoparticles

Nanoparticles by composition, Gold, Nanoparticles by surface chemistry). ... the first polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles were obtained by capping the gold nanoparticles with a dense monolayer of thiol- ... so that they pack densely on nanoparticle surfaces. A typical procedure for preparing polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles is ... These nanoparticles can be used to prepare a wide range of colloidal crystals with sub-nanometer level precision (Fig. 2). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvalent_DNA_gold_nanoparticles

These nanoparticles may take many different forms/shapes including dimer, core-shell, janus, nanorod/wire and nanostar. ... Magnetic-plasmonic (bifunctional) nanoparticles (MP-NPs) consist of both optical (plasmonic) and magnetic components and thus, ... Owing to their bifunctionality, magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles can be used for a wide range of applications. For example, ... June 2020). "Spectral drifts in surface textured Fe3O4-Au, core-shell nanoparticles enhance spectra-selective photothermal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic-plasmonic_bifunctional_nanoparticles

A prototype nanoparticle of semi-solid nature is the liposome. Various types of liposome nanoparticles are currently used ... These nanoparticles are hard, and impart their properties to the polymer (plastic). Nanoparticles have also been attached to ... A material may have lower melting point in nanoparticle form than in the bulk form. For example, 2.5 nm gold nanoparticles melt ... Anisotropic nanoparticles are a good candidate in biomolecular detection. Moreover, nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoparticle

For external gold nanoparticle production, the solution color can vary depending on the size of the gold nanoparticles; smaller ... External gold nanoparticle synthesis by P. chrysosporium was attributed to laccase, while intracellular gold nanoparticle ... gold nanoparticles are formed at pH 5, and at pH 7 to pH 9 the large nanoparticles tend to lack a defined shape. Temperature ... were implicated in silver nanoparticle synthesis for Fusarium oxysporum. Jain et al. (2011) indicated that silver nanoparticle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthesis_of_nanoparticles_by_fungi

Nanoparticle size and shape can be specified by changing the ratio of alginate to silver nitrate used and/or the pH. A coating ... Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) act primarily through a process known as oxidative dissolution, wherein Ag+ ions are released ... Chen, P., Zhang, X., Miao, Z., Han, B., An, G. & Liu, Z., In-situ Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles in Alginate Solution ... Liu, Y., Chen, S., Zhong, L. & Wu, G., Preparation of High-Stable Silver Nanoparticle Dispersion by using Sodium Alginate as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_dissolution_of_silver_nanoparticles

... and most of the silver nanoparticles in wastewater remain in the original silver nanoparticle form. The presence of natural ... with approximately 3.9 tonnes of silver nanoparticles entering the environment annually. Silver nanoparticles are not entirely ... Most silver nanoparticles in products have an organic shell structure around a core of Ag0. This shell is often created with ... Silver nanoparticles also tend to accumulate in activated sludge, and the dominant form of the silver found in sewage sludge is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_silver_nanoparticles

The laser printing of single nanoparticles is a method of applying optical forces that direct single nanoparticles to targeted ... Van der Waals interactions cause attachment of the single nanoparticles to the substrate areas. This has been accomplished with ... Zywietz, Urs; Evlyukhin, Andrey B.; Reinhardt, Carsten; Chichkov, Boris N. (2014). "Laser printing of silicon nanoparticles ... "Parallel Laser Printing of Nanoparticles". Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012. p. QW3H.1. doi:10.1364/QELS.2012.QW3H. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_printing_of_single_nanoparticles

Nanoparticles with MDR-1 silencing siRNA along with a cytotoxic drug PTX. Using this nanoparticle for delivery, silencing of ... This is why nanoparticles are being used. The nanoparticles currently used in experimental trials are usually nanoplexes, ... A modified nanoparticle with siRNA is now being researched and has been shown to effectively shut down the expression of gro-α ... Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are being considered for delivering siRNA to silence AR. The most effective LNP to be found in vivo ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNAi_nanoparticles_to_target_cancer

A copper nanoparticle is a copper based particle 1 to 100 nm in size. Like many other forms of nanoparticles, a copper ... Moreover, using nanoparticles, native amino acids can be detected. A copper nanoparticle-plated screen-printed carbon electrode ... In fact, the nanoparticles enable the sensor to be more stable at high temperatures and varying pH, and more resistant to toxic ... As the nanoparticles oxidize slowly in solutions, cupric ions are released from them and they can create toxic hydroxyl free ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_nanoparticle

Nanoparticles can be made from different materials such as metals, ceramics and polymers. The stability of the nanoparticles ... Nanoparticle deposition refers to the process of attaching nanoparticles to solid surfaces called substrates to create coatings ... Bare nanoparticles tend to stabilize themselves either by sorption of molecules from the surroundings or by lowering the ... Also, the volume of nanoparticle suspension required for both spin coating and dip coating is rather big which may be an issue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoparticle_deposition

A radioactive nanoparticle is a nanoparticle that contains radioactive materials. Radioactive nanoparticles have applications ... Radioactive nanoparticles can be produced by either synthesizing the nanoparticles directly from the radioactive materials, or ... 122-125 Engineered radioactive nanoparticles are also used as a radiolabel to detect the presence of the nanoparticles ... Other benefits of nanoparticles for diagnostic and therapeutic use include increased blood and tumor retention time, as well as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_nanoparticle

... is a type of nanoparticle that is composed of ceramics, which are generally classified as inorganic, heat- ... They were formed using a process called sol-gel which mixes nanoparticles within a solution and gel to form the nanoparticle. ... Ceramic nanoparticle have unique properties because of their size and molecular structure. These properties are often shown in ... This involves a chemical solution, or the sol, made of nanoparticles in liquid phase and a precursor, usually a gel or polymer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_nanoparticle

"Novel development of nanoparticles to bimetallic nanoparticles and their composites: A review". Journal of King Saud University ... The pre-formed nanoparticle acts as the seed required for the nucleation of the second metal around it. These structures can be ... A bimetallic nanoparticle is a combination of two different metals that exhibit several new and improved properties. Bimetallic ... The second metal ion gets adsorbed on the nanoparticle surface and gets reduced. This results in the core-shell structure of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimetallic_nanoparticle

... carbon nanoparticles and water-soluble polyelectrolytes have been used as supports to the metallic iron nanoparticles. The ... Iron nanoparticles can be synthesized by the reduction of Fe(II) or Fe(III) salt with sodium borohydride in an aqueous medium. ... Additionally, the nanoparticle-water slurry can be injected into the contaminated area and stay there for long periods of time ... Researchers have found that although metallic iron nanoparticles remediate contaminants well, they tend to agglomerate on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_nanoparticle

Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size. While frequently described as being ' ... Numerous shapes of nanoparticles can be constructed depending on the application at hand. Commonly used silver nanoparticles ... The reduction of the silver nanoparticles is thought to come from an enzymatic process and silver nanoparticles produced are ... 2014). "Silver nanoparticles induce silver nanoparticle-specific allergic responses (HYP6P.274)". The Journal of Immunology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_nanoparticle

Platinum nanoparticles are usually in the form of a suspension or colloid of nanoparticles of platinum in a fluid, usually ... Platinum nanoparticles have the potential to be toxic to living cells. In one case, 2 nm platinum nanoparticles were exposed to ... Platinum nanoparticles are suspended in the colloidal solution of brownish-red or black color. Nanoparticles come in wide ... Uptake of the nanoparticles by the cell involves compartmentalization of the nanoparticles within lysosomes. The high acidity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum_nanoparticle

6. "E. V. Petrova, A. F. Dresvyannikov, M. A. Tsyganov, Gubaidullina A. M., Vlasov V. V., Islamov G. G. nanoparticles of ... Nanosized aluminium oxide (nanosized alumina) occurs in the form of spherical or nearly spherical nanoparticles, and in the ... High defectiveness of the material surface and specific structure of the nanoparticles (the volume and size of pores, degree of ... and the specific structure of the nanoparticles (the volume and size of pores, degree of crystallinity, phase composition, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_oxide_nanoparticle

Cobalt oxide nanoparticles have been observed to readily enter cells, a property that conceivably could lead to applications in ... Cobalt oxide nanoparticles anchored on single-walled carbon nanotubes have been investigated for sensing nitrogen oxides NO x ... Like most cobalt compounds, cobalt oxide nanoparticles are toxic to humans and also aquatic life. Du N, Zhang H, Chen BD, Wu JB ... Cobalt oxide nanoparticles have potential applications in lithium-ion batteries and electronic gas sensors. The cathodes of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt_oxide_nanoparticle

... polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, viral nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, and nanoparticle albumin- ... Metal nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles, have optical qualities(also described in nanomaterials) that allow for less ... Polymeric nanoparticles are synthetic polymers with a size ranging from 10 to 100 nm. Common synthetic polymeric nanoparticles ... Nanoparticle drug delivery systems are engineered technologies that use nanoparticles for the targeted delivery and controlled ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoparticle_drug_delivery

Zouhir Ekeland Allouni defended his thesis on titanium dioxide nanoparticles and cellullar interactions, with the assistance of ... Nanoparticles: PhD defence. Zouhir Ekeland Allouni defended his thesis on titanium dioxide nanoparticles and cellullar ... The thesis consists of three papers and a summary addressing the effect of a range of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on ... Behavior of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cell culture media and role of physicochemical properties on cellular uptake in ...

https://www.uib.no/node/68569

... including engineered nanoparticles (i.e., particles measuring less than 100 nanometers (nm). ... Respirator Performance against Nanoparticles under Simulated Workplace Activities Data. ... In general, geometric mean SWPF trend holds true for nanoparticles (10-100 nm), larger size particles (100-400 nm), and the ... Materials and Methods for Respirator Performance against Nanoparticles under Simulated Workplace Activities Dataset pdf icon[ ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/data/datasets/rd-1009-2019-0/default.html

... the 53 Member States of the WHO Regional Office for Europe listed the health implications of nanotechnology and nanoparticles ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?locale-attribute=ar&type=mesh&authority=Nanoparticles

Previous studies have shown that nanoparticles can scar lung tissue and inhibit microbial behaviour … ...

https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19426025-800-nanoparticles-safe-for-soil-bugs/

... nanoparticles show a promising, environmentally friendly, and low coast chemotherapeutic approach against selective cancers ... Objective: In the present study, zinc-iron bimetallic nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4) were synthesized via an aqueous extract of ... Over the past few years, the usage of metallic nanoparticles has been a target for researchers of different scientific and ... Results: Our results demonstrate the synthesis of cubic structured bimetallic nanoparticles ZnFe2O4 with an average diameter of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33342418/

Their performance depends strongly on surface structure; therefore, nanoparticle coalescence can play an important role, as it ... In the case of crystalline nanoparticles, almost-epitaxial alignment occurred and the formation of twins and surface ... atomic rearrangements triggered a crystallisation wave propagating through the amorphous nanoparticles, leading to mono- or ... simulations and magnetron-sputtering inert gas condensation depositions of palladium nanoparticles, supported by high- ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep05779?error=cookies_not_supported&code=29156f98-6ad1-499e-939f-13d800f34fc6

When nanoparticles are synthesized, high level of purity and uniformity of structure is necessary for putting these particles ... Nanoparticles are generally classified based on their dimensionality, morphology, composition, uniformity, and agglomeration. ... Nanoparticles with colloids. Nanoparticles with colloids can provide this feature and produce increased uniformity. ... When nanoparticles are synthesized, high level of purity and uniformity of structure is necessary for putting these particles ...

https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Nanoparticle-Uniformity.aspx

Nanotechnology, the science and application of objects smaller than 100 nanometres, is evolving rapidly in many fields. Besides the countless beneficial applications, including in health and medicine, concerns exist on ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=pt&type=mesh&authority=Nanoparticles

... and the production of secondary metabolites from mono and co-culture and mycosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), ... Biological production of nanoparticles based on natural resources has recently attracted scientific interest. Nanoparticles ... Figure 6. SEM image of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from Trichoderma reesei (PGT5) at lower (a) and higher (b) ... Figure 6. SEM image of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from Trichoderma reesei (PGT5) at lower (a) and higher (b) ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/3/181

The assay relies on the hybridization of the target DNA with the silver nanoparticle-oligonucleotide DNA probe, followed by the ... using silver nanoparticles as the oligonucleotide labeling tag, is described. ... silver nanoparticle. label H. Cai, Y. Xu, N. Zhu, P. He and Y. Fang, Analyst, 2002, 127, 803 DOI: 10.1039/B200555G ... silver nanoparticles. as the oligonucleotide. labeling tag, is described. The assay relies on the hybridization of the target ...

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2002/AN/B200555G

Last week at the Ohio Statehouse, a doctor suggested that COVID-19 vaccines have magnetized people. Thats just the tip of the iceberg.

https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/columns/2021/06/13/theodore-decker-vaccine-magnetism-nanoparticles-covid-19-conspiracy/7616544002/

A nanoparticle of a certain material can behave much differently than a larger, more familiar-sized particle of the same ... Nanoparticles measure from 1 to 100 nanometers in size, with 1 billion nanometers forming a meter. For comparison, a billion ... Nanoparticles can enter the body through many routes including inhalation, swallowing, ingestion, and absorption through the ... NIOSH recently published research that measured for the first time the health effects of inhaling a common nanoparticle, the ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-158/

... The procedure also involves a minimally invasive laser, and ... The last step involves adding eye drops, which contain "special nanoparticles" that change the refraction index inside the ...

https://www.zmescience.com/medicine/nanoparticle-eyedrops-032523/

Purchase Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Plants, Volume 5 - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780323907743, 9780323907750 ... 6.7: Plant defense mechanisms of nanoparticle toxicity. *6.8: Factors affecting the nanoparticles performance in soil and ... 12.5: Translocation and accumulation of selenium nanoparticles in plants. *12.6: Factors affecting selenium nanoparticle uptake ... Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Plants. Holiday Sale. :. Save up to 25% on print and eBooks with FREE shipping. No promo code ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/toxicity-of-nanoparticles-in-plants/rajput/978-0-323-90774-3

Nanoparticles Enable Molecular Electronic Devices Nanoparticle contacts open the way to better sensors. ... they covered the SAMs in the pores with gold nanoparticles. These nanoparticles, big enough not to fall in between the self- ... "The nanoparticles auto-adjust to the size of the molecules," says coauthor Marcel Mayor of the University of Basel. "This now ... In the case of the present device structure, both metal electrodes (including metal nanoparticles) and SAM layers need to be ...

https://spectrum.ieee.org/nanoparticles-enable-molecular-electronic-devices

The formation of silver nanoparticles was evidenced by the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission ... preparation of Ag nanoparticles from hydrolytic decomposition of silver nitrate solution using triethanolamine as reducing and ... Antimicrobial bacterial cellulose-silver nanoparticles composite membranes have been obtained by ,i,“in situ”,/i, ... BC-Silver Nanoparticles Composites Preparation. Bacterial cellulose membranes (6 cm2) were soaked in 15 mL of 0.01 mol·L−1 AgNO ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/2011/721631/

Selenium nanoparticles may be synthesized to form nanoparticles within the size range characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 (60 - 140 nm ... The highest plant growth rate was in Se nanoparticle concentrations of 5 and 10 μg, represented by image (c) and (d) ... The nanoparticles may interact with cellular components such as ribosomes, DNA, and RNA and cause alterations in this process. ... However, the use of selenium in its nanoparticle form in animal feed may be an attractive alternative, as it does not need to ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MY/en/technical-documents/protocol/materials-science-and-engineering/nanoparticle-and-microparticle-synthesis/multidimensional-application-of-selenium-nanoparticles

Inflammatory mRNA Nanoparticles Inhibit and Alter ... 622218 Article. Scaffold Tissue and Nanowires Are Most Likely the ... ...

https://davidicke.com/tag/lipid-nano-particles/

For example, nanoparticles have the ability to transform trichloroethene. ... Nanoparticles have a number of practical applications, including the conversion of harmful pollutants into less harmful ones. ... Functionalized gold nanoparticles. Functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are gold nanoparticles with a cationic surface. ... Functionalized lipid nanoparticles. A recent study shows that lipid-based nanoparticles can deliver genetic material and ...

https://www.mis-asia.com/News/Applications-of-Nanoparticles.html

Nanoparticle Covid test. Nanoparticles could enable a more sensitive rapid Covid-19 test. Published on: 13 April 2022 ... Then, they added nanoparticle building blocks and polymerized them around the peptide, creating nanoparticles with a binding ... They isolated the nanoparticles that bound most strongly to the peptide and attached them to a screen-printed electrode. After ... Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles Enable Rapid, Reliable, and Robust Point-of-Care Thermal Detection of SARS-CoV-2. ...

https://www.ncl.ac.uk/press/articles/latest/2022/04/nanoparticlecovidtest/

nanoparticles Conferences 2022/2023/2024 is for the researchers, scientists, scholars, engineers, academic, scientific and ... Nanoparticles. Nanoparticles Conferences. Nanoparticles Conferences is an indexed listing of upcoming meetings, seminars, ... ICNEEN 2022: Nanoparticles for Environment, Engineering and Nanomedicine Conference, Istanbul (Dec 20-21, 2022) ... nanoparticles conference listings are indexed in scientific databases like Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Zenedo, OpenAIRE, ...

https://waset.org/nanoparticles-conferences

Copper Nanoparticles Cu bulk & research qty manufacturer. Properties, SDS, Applications, Price. Free samples program. Term ... About Copper Nanoparticles. Copper (Cu) Nanoparticles, nanodots or Nanopowder are black brown spherical high surface area metal ... Copper oxide nanoparticles and bulk copper oxide, combined with indole-3-acetic acid, alter aluminum, boron, and iron in Pisum ... Product Name: Copper Nanoparticles. Product Number: All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. CU-M-02-NP , CU-M-03- ...

https://www.americanelements.com/copper-nanoparticles-7440-50-8

Nanoparticles should also be easier to use in the field, the team argues. When dried, they remained viable after two weeks on a ... Blood-clotting nanoparticles injected just after an explosion injures a soldier could dramatically reduce blood loss and ... In practice, medics in the field or an ambulance crew would add the nanoparticles to saline solution, shake, and inject them ... The researchers suggest the nanoparticles did not lead to any dangerous clots because they do not activate platelets; rather, ...

Researchers asked those in the survey a battery of questions about how risky they believe nanoparticles are compared to 23 ... "While it remains unclear whether nanoparticles are safe, they are not a major concern among the general public." Advertisement ... Researchers at North Carolina State University found that nanoparticles are perceived by most people as being a relatively low ... Sixty percent of respondents felt that nanoparticles pose either no health risk or only a slight health risk. ...

https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2011/04/12/Public-sees-nanoparticle-risk-as-low/UPI-66701302655585/

... Do you know the difference between nanoparticles ... In this webinar, Interteks REACH and Regulatory Consultant, Helen Steele, defines what nanoparticles and microplastics are and ...

https://www.intertek.com/knowledge-education/webinars/nanoparticles-microplastics-regulatory-considerations/

These nanoparticles mediate the most durable non-liver silencing reported so far and facilitate the delivery of siRNAs that ... In vivo endothelial siRNA delivery using polymeric nanoparticles with low molecular weight Nat Nanotechnol. 2014 Aug;9(8):648- ... Here, we show that polymeric nanoparticles made of low-molecular-weight polyamines and lipids can deliver siRNA to endothelial ... Unlike lipid or lipid-like nanoparticles, this formulation does not significantly reduce gene expression in hepatocytes or ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24813696/?dopt=Abstract

We critique the published evidence for striped nanoparticles in detail, with a particular focus on the interpretation of ... we show that all of the STM evidence for striped nanoparticles published to date can instead be explained by a combination of ... significant body of literature which reports that stripes form in the ligand shell of suitably functionalised Au nanoparticles ... Nanoparticles Is the Subject Area "Nanoparticles" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0108482

To overcome the obstacles of traditional physical and chemical methods for the synthesis of such nanoparticles, a new, less expensive, and eco-friendly method has been adopted using natural existing organisms as a reducing agent to mediate the synthesis of the desired metallic nanoparticles from their precursors, a process called green biosynthesis of nanoparticles. (nih.gov)
Our results demonstrate the synthesis of cubic structured bimetallic nanoparticles ZnFe 2 O 4 with an average diameter of 10.54 nm. (nih.gov)
The controlled synthesis of a catalyst is of primary importance for heterogeneous catalysis, with the nanoparticle sizes determining both the catalytic activity and selectivity 9 . (nature.com)
In this study, the researchers used the biological synthesis approach to analyze Sargassum polycystum aquatic extract to produce silver seaweed nanoparticles. (lifeboat.com)
This work demonstrates a synthesis of carbon-coated Magnéli phases TiO x (TiO x @C) nanoparticles from 3-aminophenol and rutile titania (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles as a support for platinum (Pt) electrocatalyst. (upi.edu)

The assay relies on the hybridization of the target DNA with the silver nanoparticle - oligonucleotide DNA probe, followed by the release of the silver metal atoms anchored on the hybrids by oxidative metal dissolution and the indirect determination of the solubilized Ag I ions by anodic stripping voltammetry ( ASV ) at a carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode. (rsc.org)
In a previous work, "in situ" preparation of silver nanoparticle containing BC membranes was shown with the hydrolytic decomposition of silver nitrate using triethanolamine (TEA) complexes. (hindawi.com)
The alignment and formation of silver nanoparticle arrays is successfully achieved without the need for high-temperature thermal treatment or chemical reduction processes. (elsevier.com)

Filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and elastomeric half-mask respirators (EHRs) are commonly used by workers for protection against potentially hazardous particles, including engineered nanoparticles (i.e., particles measuring less than 100 nanometers (nm). (cdc.gov)
In general, geometric mean SWPF trend holds true for nanoparticles (10-100 nm), larger size particles (100-400 nm), and the 'all size' range (10-400 nm). (cdc.gov)
During deposition, Pd nanoparticles can sinter together, driven by the minimisation of surface area and the resultant decrease in surface energy that occurs when two particles coalesce. (nature.com)
When nanoparticles are synthesized, high level of purity and uniformity of structure is necessary for putting these particles to use in private, industrial and military sectors. (news-medical.net)
The development of uniform, monodisperse, nanometer-sized selenium particles have gained commercial interest, as nanoparticles often display unique electrical, optical, magnetic, and chemical properties in comparison to their bulk counterpart materials. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Nanoparticles (or nanopowder or nanocluster or nanocrystal) are microscopic particles with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. (cbia.com)
Empa researcher Lukas Gerken from Empa's Particles-Biology Interactions laboratory in St. Gallen and the Nanoparticle Systems Engineering laboratory at ETH Zurich is already using specially developed metal oxide nanoparticles in laboratory experiments to increase the sensitivity of tumors during radiation therapy. (admin.ch)
Transformation of carbon nanotubes to nanoparticles by ball milling process The broken nanotubes and lots of carbon onion-like particles were obtained in the sample milled for 15 min. (lamerceria.fr)
As well as being used to determine the size of particles in investigations into the toxicity of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticulate metals, NTA has also been used in investigations on the interactions of nanoparticles with organisms at a cellular level and the development of methods for the testing of toxicity. (malvernpanalytical.com)
We conclude that the presence of dissolved ions, the concomitant formation of smaller nanoparticles and the absence of particles in stained lung sections immediately postexposure (inferring either translocation or more dispersed aerosol distribution) contributed to the increased inflammation observed in copper nanoparticle-exposed mice. (cdc.gov)

Over the past few years, the usage of metallic nanoparticles has been a target for researchers of different scientific and commercial fields due to their tiny sizes, environment-friendly properties, and a wide range of applications. (nih.gov)
Researchers at North Carolina State University found that nanoparticles are perceived by most people as being a relatively low risk among a group of 24 public-health risks presented in the survey. (upi.com)
Researchers asked those in the survey a battery of questions about how risky they believe nanoparticles are compared to 23 other public health risks, including obesity, smoking, using cellphones and nuclear energy, a university release said Tuesday. (upi.com)
The results of a new study by researchers at MIT and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard may help to overcome some of the obstacles to the development of nanoparticle-based drugs. (genengnews.com)
Hammond is the senior author of the researchers' newly published study in Science , which is titled, " Massively parallel pooled screening reveals genomic determinants of nanoparticle delivery . (genengnews.com)
Since then, the researchers found that cerium oxide nanoparticles have two additional medical benefits: they behave like an antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress, and they can be fine-tuned to potentially deliver medical treatments directly into cells. (ucf.edu)
Instead, researchers in Spain are using nanoparticles to target the blood vessels that supply tumors with oxygen and nutrients to 'starve' cancer cells. (materialstoday.com)
The researchers tested their nanoparticle system in cell culture and chicken embryos, monitoring the development of vasculature around tumor tissue. (materialstoday.com)
While the work is a proof-of-concept of a multimodal antivascular nanoparticle system, the researchers believe that approaches like this have significant potential to open new avenues for cancer treatment. (materialstoday.com)
LMU researchers have developed a novel type of nanoparticle that efficiently and selectively kills cancer cells, thus opening up new therapeutic options for the treatment of tumors. (lmu.de)
Researchers in the Department of Chemistry at LMU, led by Dr. Constantin von Schirnding, Dr. Hanna Engelke and Prof. Thomas Bein , now report the development of a class of novel amorphous nanoparticles made up of calcium and citrate, which are capable of breaching the barriers to uptake, and killing tumor cells in a targeted fashion. (lmu.de)
Researchers prepared the nanoparticles in two ways, using femtosecond laser ablation and through mechanical ball milling. (uh.edu)
Other issues remain to be resolved, as well, including reducing costs and extending the lifespan of cobalt oxide nanoparticles, which the researchers found became deactivated after about an hour of reaction. (uh.edu)
Researchers have developed biodegradable nanoparticles from renewable resources which can release both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs having different anticancer mechanisms, thus reducing the dependency on petroleum-based polymers. (ndtv.com)
The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi researchers have used natural polymer-based smart nanoparticles to treat colorectal cancer. (ndtv.com)
IIT Mandi researchers have developed redox-responsive chitosan or stearic acid nanoparticles (CSSA NPs) as drug carriers for both curcumin and doxorubicin (hydrophilic) drug delivery targeting colorectal cancer. (ndtv.com)
The researchers at IIT Mandi have developed biodegradable nanoparticles from renewable resources, thus reducing the dependency on petroleum-based polymers. (ndtv.com)
The researchers say these nanoparticles, which degrade over time into harmless components, could one day carry life-saving drugs to patients suffering from dozens of health conditions. (pmlive.com)
The researchers chose graphite nanoparticles, in part because they are black and therefore absorb light very well, making them efficient heat collectors. (nanowerk.com)
In an article published online May 8, 2014 by the American Journal of Industrial Medicine , researchers W. Shane Journeay, Ph.D., M.D., and Rose H. Goldman, M.D., MPH, report the case of a worker who developed sensitization to nickel when working with nickel nanoparticle powder. (cdc.gov)
Researchers have a new way to deliver antiobesity drugs to specific locations of the body by using nanoparticles, effectively stimulating weight loss without any harmful side effects. (lifeboat.com)
Researchers at the Mayo Clinic are looking into nanoparticles and are studying the effects that they can have on breast cancer tumors. (1md.org)

Exploring fundamental concepts, Drug Delivery Nanoparticles Formulation and Characterization presents key aspects of nanoparticulate system development for various therapeutic applications and provides advanced methods used to file for regulatory approval. (routledge.com)
The use of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis as a rapid and information-rich multi-parameter nanoparticle characterization technique which allows the user to obtain number frequency particle size distributions of polydisperse nanoparticulate systems has resulted in its rapid adoption as an interesting new technique in a wide range of sectors within environmental and toxicity studies. (malvernpanalytical.com)
As shown in characterization results, after the catalyst was calcined at high temperatures (700 and 900 ℃), the Au nanoparticle size on the Au/LaMnO 3 -AE catalyst was lower than those on Au/LaMnO 3 and Au/LaMn 1.2 O 3 catalysts, leading to high reducibility and catalytic activity of the Au/LaMnO 3 -AE catalyst. (pku.edu.cn)
and Tayebi, Lobat, "Graphite/Gold Nanoparticles Electrode for Direct Protein Attachment: Characterization and Gas Sensing Application" (2020). (marquette.edu)

He hopes that his new findings will advance the clinical application of nanoparticles in radiation therapy in the future. (admin.ch)
In 2015, China published a patent for development of dye-sensitized solar cells through application of nanoparticles of platinum and tungsten trioxide. (grandviewresearch.com)
the purpose of this article was to present a review of the literature on available scientific knowledge about the application of nanoparticles in endodontics. (bvsalud.org)

His team's experiments with human airway mucus and small animals, Suk adds, were designed as a proof-of-concept study demonstrating that placing corrective or replacement genes or drugs inside a man-made biodegradable nanoparticle "wrapper" that patients inhale could penetrate the mucus barrier and one day be used to treat serious lung disorders. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Explaining the research, Dr Garima Agrawal, said, "One of the driving interests among the material science and healthcare community performing interdisciplinary work is the development of biodegradable nanoparticles from renewable resources and designing them in such a way that they can release the drug in response to stimuli which are specific to cancer site only. (ndtv.com)
In this regard, the simplest approach that we followed for developing biodegradable nanoparticles is using chitosan, which is a naturally derived polymer, in combination with disulfide chemistry. (ndtv.com)
A research team from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has designed nanoparticles that are biodegradable and which can be used to modify immune cells, to both identify as well as to destroy cells that are cancerous, when these cells are still within the body. (medindia.net)

Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Plants: An Evaluation of Cyto/Morpho-physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses, Volume Five in the Nanomaterial-Plant Interactions series, reviews the latest research on toxicological effects of using nanotechnology in plants. (elsevier.com)
Key themes include analyzing plant exposure to nanomaterials, mechanisms of toxicity of nanoparticles to plants, and effects, uptake and translocation of various different nanoparticles. (elsevier.com)
Early studies have suggested that excessive exposure to nanoparticles could cause cell toxicity, lung damage, DNA damage and possibly even harm unborn children. (emsl.com)
Zebrafish larvae were used to test the toxicity of the produced silver seaweed nanoparticles. (lifeboat.com)
Chemically functionalized silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been employed for their intrinsic toxicity, which enables them to exhibit an antimicrobial activity while, in a different approach, photo-thermal properties of metallic nanoparticles have been theoretically studied and experimentally tested against several temperature sensitive (mesophilic) bacteria. (unical.it)
Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) has found use in a variety of investigations researching the toxicity and environmental impact of nanoparticles. (malvernpanalytical.com)
This white paper addresses some of the latest work in the literature in which NTA has been proposed, used and assessed in the study of nanoparticle toxicity and environmental impact. (malvernpanalytical.com)
Regarding biocompatibility, there are an increase in toxicity in high concentrations of nanoparticles, however, other studies affirm biocompatibility and osteogenic properties, being this characteristic associated with the type of nanoparticle. (bvsalud.org)

Retrieved on December 05, 2022 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Nanoparticle-Uniformity.aspx. (news-medical.net)

Their research, published online Sunday in Nature Nanotechnology, involved the use of cobalt oxide nanoparticles to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. (uh.edu)
The study showed that nanoparticle-programmed T cells could clear or delay the progression of leukemia, the findings of which were published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology . (medindia.net)
In the nanotechnology field, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been extensively investigated as radiosensitisers, reviewed by our laboratory (Butterworth et al. (biomedcentral.com)

abstract = "Zirconia-supported sodium-salt-modified Au(0) nanoparticles (NPs) (Na-Au/ZrO2) catalyst was prepared, and it was stable and recyclable in the intramolecular cyclization of alkynoic acids. (elsevier.com)

Hi, all, I am starting with calculating scattering cross sections of metallic nanoparticles. (physicsforums.com)
Smart nanomaterials, such as metallic nanoparticles and semiconductor nanocrystals, enable the realization of novel drug-free medical therapies for fighting against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (unical.it)

The thesis consists of three papers and a summary addressing the effect of a range of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on cellular uptake in fibroblasts in vitro. (uib.no)

A 3D-printed device detects thermal resistance changes when SARS-CoV-2 binds to molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles. (ncl.ac.uk)
The research team colleagues wanted to make a low-cost, rapid, robust and highly sensitive Covid-19 test that uses molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) instead of antibodies. (ncl.ac.uk)
Building upon our understanding of pancreatic cancer biology and expertise in developing theranostic nanoparticles, we are developing a stroma breaking drug delivery system using a new generation of 3-nm ultra-fine magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (uIONP) coated with an anti-fouling 'stealth' polymer for enhanced tumor penetration and retention, high capacity drug loading, and T 1 /T 2 -switchable MRI contrasts for imaging drug delivery. (cancer.gov)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Polymer biocomposite nanoparticles for sustained drug delivery. (who.int)

The Institute for Research in Occupational Health and Safety (Institut de Recherche en Sant̩ et en S̩curit̩ du Travail: IRSST) of Qu̩bec has published the results of a study conducted under workplace conditions showing that nanoparticles may penetrate certain gloves. (cbia.com)
Though inconclusive, the results appear to indicate that nanoparticles may penetrate some types of gloves, particularly when the gloves are subjected to repeated mechanical deformations, and the nanoparticles are in colloidal solution form. (cbia.com)
DNA-loaded nanoparticles may someday be able to penetrate the human airway mucus barrier of lung tissue. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
One of the advantages of this approach is that nanoparticles do not need to penetrate deep into tissue to reach tumor blood vessels. (materialstoday.com)
Shayna McGill, an INCBN IGERT Trainee at the University of New Mexico, is investigating whether magnetic nanoparticles, under the influence of a static magnetic field, may be used to penetrate through an in vitro model of P. aeruginosa biofilms. (igert.org)
However, to our knowledge this is the first study that has looked at the potential for magnetic nanoparticle to penetrate biofilms as carriers for drugs. (igert.org)
To protect workers from these hazards, the Derma Purge team has come up with a solution: "Since nanoparticles can penetrate the skin or be ingested orally by contamination carry-over (e.g. when hands touch the mouth) and thus represent a potential risk to health, rapid and complete removal is of immense importance. (founderella.com)
2012) reported on human skin penetration of cobalt nanoparticles through intact and damaged skin suggesting that Co applied as NPs is able to penetrate the human skin in an in-vitro diffusion cell system. (malvernpanalytical.com)

A recent study shows that lipid-based nanoparticles can deliver genetic material and instructions for protein production. (mis-asia.com)
Using a one-step process, functionalized lipid nanoparticles are fabricated by preparing a thin lipid film. (mis-asia.com)
Unlike lipid or lipid-like nanoparticles, this formulation does not significantly reduce gene expression in hepatocytes or immune cells even at the dosage necessary for endothelial gene silencing. (nih.gov)
We have prepared amorphous and porous nanoparticles consisting of calcium phosphate and citrate, which are encapsulated in a lipid layer," von Schirnding explains. (lmu.de)
[ 63 ] In a follow-up study, they used cationic lipid nanoparticles to deliver pre-miRNA-107 (nanoparticles [NP]/pre-miRNA-107) to HNSCC cells in vitro and in vivo . (medscape.com)
reported the use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), which were made of glyceryl monostearate, soy phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, polyoxyethylene 50 stearate and DDAB to condense miRNA for enhanced cellular uptake, for the delivery of miRNA-34a against lung CSCs. (medscape.com)
The spike protein encoded mRNA and the lipid nanoparticles that in case the mRNA are the only ingredients in these vaccines. (cdc.gov)
The lipid nanoparticles allows these vaccines to travel to the lymph system and enter presenting cells. (cdc.gov)

Uniquely positioned to help companies take advantage of the rapidly emerging potential of nanoparticles is EMSL Analytical, Inc. Our scientists and engineers harness the power of our diverse inventory of scientific instrumentation and expertise to identify and quantitate nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes. (emsl.com)
Nanomaterial Powder, is an worldwide manufacturer and supplier of nanoparticles, nanopowders, micron powders, and CNTs (carbon nanotubes) in small quantity for research and in bulk order for industry groups. (nanomaterialpowder.com)

Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (FMPs) are emerging as key players in the biomedical field, especially in biosensing. (mis-asia.com)
The unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles make them a promising drug delivery platform. (mis-asia.com)
The team has expertise in targeted cancer therapy, theranostic nanoparticles, image-guided cancer treatment, and animal tumor models as well as extensive experience in the development of magnetic nanoparticles as MRI contrasts / drug carriers and MRI methodology. (cancer.gov)
To determine this capability, transport efficiencies of fluorescent-labeled magnetic nanoparticles on the macro-scale using bulk diffusion experiments are being compared to the nano-scale results using single particle tracking methods in the presence and absence of a magnetic field. (igert.org)
Qualitatively, transport of the magnetic nanoparticles was significantly influenced by the application of a magnetic field in the alginate model (Fig. 1). (igert.org)
A small permanent magnet was placed below the dish (black bar), to which the magnetic nanoparticles were drawn (grey mass). (igert.org)
Fig. 1 demonstrates that magnetic nanoparticles have increased bulk transport through alginate when exposed to a magnetic field. (igert.org)
Though witnessed qualitatively, bulk transport of magnetic nanoparticles was further quantified within the alginate solution using a side-by-side diffusion apparatus. (igert.org)
To quantify magnetic nanoparticle flux across the alginate biofilm into the receptor compartment, iron content of the samples was quantified with a FerroZine assay method. (igert.org)
The permeability of the magnetic nanoparticles through the model alginate biofilm was enhanced 13.6 fold using an external magnetic field relative to the control (no magnetic field). (igert.org)
Fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles possessing different surface functional groups were individually evaluated for transport behavior in the alginate biofilm model. (igert.org)
Transport was evaluated using single particle tracking and quantified with a Matlab algorithm producing a velocity for each of the magnetic nanoparticle types, with or without a magnetic field, plotted against both size and functional groups (Fig. 4). (igert.org)
Significant increases in transport rates of iron oxide nanoparticles through alginate biofilm were observed in the presence of a magnetic field. (igert.org)
By drug loading these magnetic nanoparticles and causing triggered drug release from the nanoparticle surface, antibiotic penetration of P. aeurginosa biofilm can be achieved. (igert.org)
further applications of ball-milled magnetic nanoparticles. (lamerceria.fr)
Hard magnetic nanoparticles based on the Sm 2 Co 17 and SmCo 5 systems have been successfully produced using a surfactant-assisted ball milling technique. (lamerceria.fr)
Self-assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and peroxidase enzymes: mesoporous structures and nanoscale magnetic field effects (nano-MFEs) for enhanced activity BioNanoCatalysts (BNCs). (techconnect.org)
BNCs are self-assembled complexes of magnetic nanoparticles and free-radical producing enzymes, including peroxidases and other oxido-reductases that were shown to have higher activities than their free-enzyme counterparts (up to 30 folds). (techconnect.org)
Although, peroxidase-like activities were observed with magnetite nanoparticles themselves, our results demonstrates that it is the complex of the enzymes with the magnetic nanoparticles that is responsible for the enhanced peroxidase activity of the enzyme, acting more specifically on the overall dynamic of the free-radical cofactors. (techconnect.org)
We are therefore reporting a novel enzyme-magnetic nanoparticles system to carry enhanced peroxidase activities for the production of aromatic free-radicals and subsequent peroxidation reactions including polymerization and depolymerization of aromatics. (techconnect.org)

The team analyzed the interactions between 35 different types of nanoparticles and nearly 500 types of cancer cells, revealing thousands of biological traits that influence whether those cells take up different types of nanoparticles. (genengnews.com)
Hammond's lab has previously developed many types of nanoparticles that can be used to deliver drugs to cells. (genengnews.com)
To figure out what those differences might be, they decided to pursue a large-scale study in which they could look at a huge number of different cells interacting with many types of nanoparticles. (genengnews.com)

In laboratory tests with small dish collectors, Taylor and his colleagues found that nanoparticles increased heat-collection efficiency by up to 10 percent. (nanowerk.com)

The present report is an update of the 2001 report on biomedical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications of nanoparticles. (bccresearch.com)

The addition of fetal bovine serum and human serum albumin reduced significantly the agglomerate size, leading to a more stable dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles. (uib.no)
Tests were performed to measure the resistance of four models of protective gloves of different thicknesses made of nitrile, latex, neoprene, and butyl rubber to the penetration of commercial TiO2 nanoparticles in powder form or colloidal solution. (cbia.com)

Here, we show that polymeric nanoparticles made of low-molecular-weight polyamines and lipids can deliver siRNA to endothelial cells with high efficiency, thereby facilitating the simultaneous silencing of multiple endothelial genes in vivo. (nih.gov)
The nanoparticle system targets the endothelial cells lining the tumor's blood vessels using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain that includes an RGD-containing peptide. (materialstoday.com)

During cellular uptake, the nanoparticles acquire a second membrane coat. (lmu.de)

However, while using nanoparticles to deliver cancer drugs offers a way to hit tumors with large doses of drugs while avoiding the harmful side effects that often come with chemotherapy, so far, only a handful of nanoparticle-based cancer drugs have been approved by FDA. (genengnews.com)
Nanoparticles could transform cancer treatment by delivering drugs specifically to tumors, reducing drug dosages and unpleasant side effects. (materialstoday.com)
There are still studies being conducted with nanoparticles and how they are able to fight off tumors as well as other diseases. (1md.org)

We examined pulmonary inflammatory responses of mice following whole-body inhalation exposure to copper and iron nanoparticles in acute and sub-acute studies. (cdc.gov)

Semiconductor nanoparticles (SNPs), such as quantum dots (QDs) and core/shell nanoparticles, have proven to be promising candidates for the development of next-generation technologies, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and solar concentrators. (mdpi.com)
Little is known about how the ligand compositions in mixed shell nanoparticles influence biological activity. (oregonstate.edu)

Inflammatory response of mice following inhalation exposure to iron and copper nanoparticles. (cdc.gov)
At biologically relevant pHs, in vitro studies showed that copper nanoparticles displayed a greater propensity for dissolution compared to iron. (cdc.gov)

At the same time as an increasing interest in, and rapid development of, a wide range of materials and products containing nanoscale structures and engineered nanoparticles, awareness has grown that the longer term potential toxic effects of such materials and their potential environmental impact are poorly understood. (malvernpanalytical.com)
In this paper, we present our recent development of direct nanoimprinting of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles for a simple but high-throughput fabrication of micro/nanoscale structures. (asme.org)

These may form the first step in developing a more rigorous understanding of the mechanisms involved in production of more uniform nanoparticles that can be used in various fields. (news-medical.net)
We have tried five different combinations of thiolated polymers to select the combination best suitable for obtaining stable and uniform nanoparticles. (ndtv.com)

Mixed ligand shells are frequently employed to impart multiple and new functions to inorganic nanoparticles. (oregonstate.edu)

The room temperature co-precipitation of ferrous and ferric iron under alkaline conditions typically yields superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles below a size of 20 nm. (ethz.ch)

Intriguingly, at a later stage, atomic rearrangements triggered a crystallisation wave propagating through the amorphous nanoparticles, leading to mono- or polycrystalline fcc structures. (nature.com)

In experiments with mice exposed to blast waves, injections of the nanoparticles improved survival rates to 95 percent, compared to 60 percent for untreated mice. (popularmechanics.com)
One group of mice was treated with the nanoparticles. (medindia.net)
These mice were injected with nanoparticles to fight off their cancerous cells. (1md.org)
Copper nanoparticle-exposed mice had significantly higher lavage cytokines as well as perivasculitis and alveolitis. (cdc.gov)
Three weeks post-exposure, all inflammatory markers decreased for iron nanoparticle-exposed mice, however, some remained elevated for copper-exposed mice. (cdc.gov)

Monodispersed, highly crystalline dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au DSNPs) were synthesized via hydrazine reduction chemistry and stabilized using primary amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of different generations (generations 2-6) with the same molar ratios of dendrimer terminal nitrogen ligands/gold atoms. (umich.edu)
Talking about the uniqueness of their research, Aastha Gupta, research scholar, IIT Mandi, said, "We have synthesized nanoparticles based on disulfide (−S−S−) crosslinking chemistry via air oxidation of thiolated chitosan and thiolated stearic acid, thus avoiding the use of any external crosslinking agent. (ndtv.com)

The goal of this project is to develop a dual targeted and stroma breaking theranostic nanoparticle platform to address an unmet, clinical challenge of poor drug delivery efficiency in the application of nanomedicine to cancer therapy. (cancer.gov)
A dual targeting strategy coupling ligands targeting urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) onto a single nanoparticle is used to maximize both tumor stromal and pancreatic cancer cell targeting, and drug delivery. (cancer.gov)
Nanoparticle (NP)-based therapeutics have enormous potential for personalized cancer therapy because they can encapsulate a range of therapeutic cargos, including small molecules, biologics, and nucleic acids, the authors noted. (genengnews.com)
Studies by the Hammond lab and others have shown that different types of cancer cells often respond differently to the same nanoparticles. (genengnews.com)
Overall, these results suggest that the new nanoparticles have great potential for the further development of novel treatments for other types of cancer. (lmu.de)
The presence of disulfide bonds allows the degradation of these smart nanoparticles at the tumour site owing to higher glutathione amount in cancer cells. (ndtv.com)
These smart nanoparticles are stable under physiological conditions and degrade at the tumour site in the presence of redox stimuli of cancer cells. (ndtv.com)
The nanoparticles also could be used to help treat disorders such as lung and cervical cancer, and inflammation of the sinuses, eyes, lungs and gastrointestinal tract, said Benjamin C Tang, postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. (pmlive.com)
If drugs are encapsulated in these nanoparticles and inhaled directly into the lungs of lung cancer patients, drugs may reach lung tumours more effectively, and improved outcomes may be achieved, especially for patients diagnosed with early stage, non-small cell lung cancer. (pmlive.com)
Making nanoparticles visible for cancer therapy: Empa Young Scientist Fellow Lukas Gerken cools an electron microscope with liquid nitrogen. (admin.ch)
Scientists from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center have developed nanoparticles that modify T cells. (medindia.net)
Nanoparticles alter T cells to fight against cancer cells. (medindia.net)
The nanoparticle engineered T cells would help in providing cellular immunotherapy for cancer patients. (medindia.net)
Science experts are currently researching tumor-shrinking nanoparticles that will purportedly help fight off cancer cells and keep them from ever coming back. (1md.org)
The study also showed that these nanoparticles were able to trigger an anti-cancer response from the immune system. (1md.org)
This study has also found that the nanoparticles will not only help the body fight off existing cancer, it will help the immune system continue to fight off cancer. (1md.org)
This is something that is not easy to do and if the nanoparticles are able to accomplish this task they can change the way that cancer is treated. (1md.org)
Development of Non-Porous Silica Nanoparticles towards Cancer Photo-Theranostics. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with constituent skin cell types, in particular after the cells have been subjected to environmental stress like UVB exposure (considered as the main cause of skin cancer) are essential. (cdc.gov)

One challenge to successful targeted nanoparticle delivery is an incomplete understanding of nano-bio interactions at the target delivery site. (genengnews.com)
With instrumental collaboration from Angela Koehler, PhD, an MIT associate professor of biological engineering, the team decided to try to adapt that platform to screen cell-nanoparticle interactions instead of cell-drug interactions. (genengnews.com)

Seal is a professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Central Florida (UCF), and several years ago he and his colleagues engineered nanoparticles of cerium oxide (CeO2), a material long used in ceramics, catalysts and fuel cells. (ucf.edu)
Seal and his colleagues - James McGinnis, a vision scientist at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Artem Masunov, a theoretical chemist at UCF, and William Self, a molecular and micro-biologist at UCF - engineered special cerium oxide nanoparticles, which they call "nanoceria," for tailored biomedical applications. (ucf.edu)
Seal and his colleagues hypothesized that ROS may represent an "Achilles' heel" of blinding diseases, which can be specifically targeted using cerium oxide nanoparticles. (ucf.edu)
Cerium oxide nanoparticle treatment ameliorates peritonitis-induced diaphragm dysfunction. (medscape.com)

One such technique uses special structures called nanoparticles as vectors to deliver the genetic material or gene-editing components into cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Nanoparticles are incredibly small structures that have been developed for many uses. (medlineplus.gov)

The immediate question raised by the case study is this: Other factors being equal, notably in this instance the uncontrolled nature of the worker's exposure as described by the authors, does exposure to nickel nanoparticle powder increase the risk of sensitization above the risk posed by exposure to traditional forms? (cdc.gov)
The authors very correctly point out that there needed to be better exposure controls, and in particular, attention to the implications of exposure to nickel in the nanoparticle powder form. (cdc.gov)
Exposure of the keratinocyte cells to the TMAT-containing nanoparticles demonstrated similar results in that residual TPP decreased cell viability, likely through increased ROS generation. (oregonstate.edu)

When she later began working with nickel nanoparticle powder weighed out and handled on a lab bench with no protective measures, she developed throat irritation, nasal congestion, 'post nasal drip,' facial flushing, and new skin reactions to her earrings and belt buckle which were temporally related to working with the nanoparticles. (cdc.gov)
Jul 22, 2014 · In this research work, TiO 2 nanoparticles were doped with iron powder in a planetary ball-milling system using stainless steel balls. (lamerceria.fr)
For instance, a ball-milled nanoparticle powder with average size of 25 nm can easily have a wide size distribution from a few nanometers to hundred nanometers [12]. (lamerceria.fr)

She was the founder and editor of BCC's monthly newsletter, Nanoparticle News, and the program chairwoman of BCC's former nanopowder conference. (bccresearch.com)

2019. Nanoparticle Uniformity . (news-medical.net)
Catalytic Activity of Au Nanoparticles Supported on LaMnO 3 Perovskite with Different Composition and Structure[J].Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2019, 35(4): 422-430. (pku.edu.cn)

The global platinum nanoparticles market is expected to witness growth over the forecast period on account of increasing expenditure for the development of nanomaterials in the automotive, healthcare, and chemical industry. (grandviewresearch.com)
Despite the prescribed safety equipment (Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances 527 - Handling of Nanomaterials), the skin of the student assistant behind the glove came into direct contact with nanoparticle solution," reports Felix Klee. (founderella.com)

María Vallet-Regí and her team at Universidad Complutense de Madrid and CIBER-BBN designed mesoporous silica nanoparticles that can be loaded with both anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs) and vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). (materialstoday.com)
Mesoporous and non-porous silica nanoparticles have high potential for light -based nanomedicine . (bvsalud.org)

This work aims to evaluate the in-vitro activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), alone and in combination with the antimicrobials amikacin and ceftazidime, against MDR Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from clinical cases in Zagazig University Hospitals. (bvsalud.org)

In the case of crystalline nanoparticles, almost-epitaxial alignment occurred and the formation of twins and surface protrusions were observed. (nature.com)
In addition, uncontrolled agglomeration of powders due to attractive van der Waals forces may also result in non-homogenous formation nanoclusters and nanoparticle packages. (news-medical.net)
The formation of silver nanoparticles was evidenced by the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and absorption in the UV-Visible (350 nm to 600 nm). (hindawi.com)
Palladium nanoparticle microemulsions: Formation and use in catalytic hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene. (ncsu.edu)
The present system can be applied to the formation of nanoparticle arrays with a wide variety of metals by control of their arrangement. (elsevier.com)

These nanoparticles mediate the most durable non-liver silencing reported so far and facilitate the delivery of siRNAs that modify endothelial function in mouse models of vascular permeability, emphysema, primary tumour growth and metastasis. (nih.gov)
Yet this study, Suk notes, has demonstrated that delivering normal copies of CF-related genes or corrective genes via the mucus-penetrating DNA-loaded nanoparticles could mediate production of normal, "functional" proteins long term. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are gold nanoparticles with a cationic surface. (mis-asia.com)
In this work, graphite/gold nanoparticles (G/AuNPs) were synthesized through a facile chemical method, and its potential application for direct protein attachment for electrochemical detection of carbon monoxide (CO) was investigated. (marquette.edu)
The preparation of G/AuNPs electrodes was optimized by synthesizing the nanoparticles in different concentration of HAuCl 4 .3H 2 O at various temperatures. (marquette.edu)
In particular citrate-coated gold nanoparticles (cit-AuNPs) were recently investigated with amyloidogenic protein β2-microglobulin (β2m). (ucl.ac.uk)
To examine the biological impacts due to weakly bound ligands within a mixed ligand shell, a series of six types of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized that have the same core size and possess ligand shells that are predominately either 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MES) or N , N , N -trimethylammoniumethanethiol (TMAT), but contain varying (small) amounts of residual triphenylphosphine (TPP). (oregonstate.edu)

Suk says their work with nanoparticles grew out of failed efforts to deliver treatments to people with lung diseases. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
However, previous research had shown that most of the nonviral, DNA-loaded nanoparticles possess positive charge that caused them to adhere to negatively charged biological environments, in this case the mucus covering the lung airways. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Cystic fibrosis expert Pamela Zeitlin, a professor of pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and director of pediatric pulmonary medicine at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center believes that nanoparticles could be an ideal means of delivering drugs to people with cystic fibrosis, a disease that kills children and adults by altering the mucus barriers in the lung and gut. (pmlive.com)
2004), manufactured fusion and secondarily by thermophoretic effects in the first few nanoparticles may be biopersistant and remain intact and cause airways of the lung during exhalation. (cdc.gov)
Because of potential toxic effects, it is critical to have a re- alistic assessment of the regional deposition of nanoparticles in the lung. (cdc.gov)

Then, they added nanoparticle building blocks and polymerized them around the peptide, creating nanoparticles with a binding site specific for the coronavirus spike protein. (ncl.ac.uk)
Graphite/Gold Nanoparticles Electrode for Direct Protein Attachment: C" by Javad Shabani Shayeh, Yahya Sefidbakht et al. (marquette.edu)
A drug encapsulation efficiency of 94.4% and a release rate of 28% from chitosan nanoparticles after 24 hours were demonstrated with bovine serum protein. (who.int)
To further increase drug encapsulation, prolongdrug release, and increase chitosan solubility in solution of neutral pH, chitosan was modifiedwith lactic acid by grafting D,L-lactic acid onto amino groups in chitosan without using a catalyst.The lactic acid-grafted chitosan nanoparticles demonstrated a drug encapsulation efficiency of96% and a protein release rate of 15% after 24 hours. (who.int)

Determination of halides using Ag nanoparticles-modified disposable electrodes. (americanelements.com)

Do you know the difference between nanoparticles and microplastics? (intertek.com)
In this webinar, Intertek's REACH and Regulatory Consultant, Helen Steele, defines what nanoparticles and microplastics are and highlights the regulatory considerations for each across a range of legislation and sectors within Europe. (intertek.com)
Recent examples include the management of electronic waste, nanoparticles, microplastics and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. (who.int)

Palladium nanoparticles, in particular, have a twofold advantage over bulk palladium: (i) most of these applications benefit significantly from a high surface-area and (ii) porous films assembled from Pd nanoparticles contain a smaller amount of raw material, which, because of its high cost, make them a very attractive alternative 1 . (nature.com)
however, the Au nanoparticle size significantly increased with increasing calcination temperature, indicating poor Au thermal stability. (pku.edu.cn)
These high, inhomogeneous doses generated in close proximity to the nanoparticle surface are known to have significantly increased biological effectiveness with analysis of nanoscale dose distributions around GNPs using the Local Effect Model (McMahon et al. (biomedcentral.com)

Toxic nature of platinum nanoparticles is likely to have an adverse impact on human health and environment and thus in turn posing a challenge to the market growth. (grandviewresearch.com)

H 2 -TPR results revealed that the reducibility of the catalysts changed largely after thermal treatment at high temperatures, and was mainly influenced by the agglomeration of Au nanoparticles. (pku.edu.cn)

Therefore, it comes as no surprise that there are such a great number of recent studies on Pd nanoparticle growth, deposition and properties, both experimental and theoretical. (nature.com)
We report a combined theoretical and experimental study on the growth mechanism of silver and gold nanoparticles. (nau.edu)

Their golden idea: After the pores were filled with the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) material, they covered the SAMs in the pores with gold nanoparticles. (ieee.org)
Gold nanoparticles have unique optical and chemical properties. (mis-asia.com)
Gold nanoparticles are also highly adaptable, allowing them to fit in different chemical environments and aqueous suspensions. (mis-asia.com)
Several of the applications of gold nanoparticles are described below. (mis-asia.com)
As well as delivering AAD and VDA drugs to the tumor's blood vessels, gold nanorods in the core of the nanoparticles heat up when irradiated with near-infrared wavelengths to provide simultaneous photothermal treatment. (materialstoday.com)
In this report we have demonstrated a fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET)-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) combined approach to study the intracellular pathway of gold nanoparticles. (actapress.com)
Growing demand for other nanoparticles such as silver and gold is expected to pose a substitution threat for market growth in the near future. (grandviewresearch.com)
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs), have been demonstrated as effective preclinical radiosensitising agents in a range of cell models and radiation sources. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms5

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs77

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment47

Phenomena and Processes24

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture37

Health Care1

Synthetic and natural polycationic polymer nanoparticles interact selectively with fluid-phase domains of DMPC lipid bilayers. (1/4646)

Body distribution and in situ evading of phagocytic uptake by macrophages of long-circulating poly (ethylene glycol) cyanoacrylate-co-n-hexadecyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles. (2/4646)

Enhancing the photoluminescence of peptide-coated nanocrystals with shell composition and UV irradiation. (3/4646)

Surface functionalization of gold nanoparticles using hetero-bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) spacer for intracellular tracking and delivery. (4/4646)

Coarse grained protein-lipid model with application to lipoprotein particles. (5/4646)

Electrochemistry of xanthine oxidase and its interaction with nitric oxide. (6/4646)

Calixarene-encapsulated nanoparticles: self-assembly into functional nanomaterials. (7/4646)

Blood compatible carbon nanotubes--nano-based neoproteoglycans. (8/4646)

Nanoparticles

Magnetite Nanoparticles

Particle Size

Gold

Silver

Drug Carriers

Nanotechnology

Nanocapsules

Polyglycolic Acid

Drug Delivery Systems

Nanomedicine

Chitosan

Ferric Compounds

Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

Nanostructures

Silicon Dioxide

Zinc Oxide

Green Chemistry Technology

Magnetics

Nanoconjugates

Cerium

Polymers

Surface Properties

Polyethylene Glycols

Ferrosoferric Oxide

Polyglactin 910

Quantum Dots

Calcifying Nanoparticles

Materials Testing

Titanium

Nanocomposites

Drug Compounding

Lactic Acid

Magnetic Fields

Polystyrenes

Cadmium Compounds

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Colloids

Cell Line, Tumor

Silver Nitrate

Delayed-Action Preparations

Dendrimers

Cell Survival

Biocompatible Materials

Polyethyleneimine

Molecular Imaging

Nanotubes

Silver Compounds

Dextrans

Coated Materials, Biocompatible

Cyanoacrylates

Polyesters

Magnetic Phenomena

Emulsions

Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Nanospheres

Contrast Media

Cell Tracking

Porosity

Tissue Distribution

Drug Stability

Poloxamer

Lecithins

Acrylic Resins

Nanotubes, Carbon

Biosensing Techniques

Gold Compounds

X-Ray Diffraction

Adsorption

Oxides

Technology, Pharmaceutical

Thermogravimetry

Hyperthermia, Induced

Gold Colloid

Fluorescent Dyes

Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Fullerenes

Magnets

Diffusion