Myosins. Medical search

A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.

The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.

The subfamily of myosin proteins that are commonly found in muscle fibers. Myosin II is also involved a diverse array of cellular functions including cell division, transport within the GOLGI APPARATUS, and maintaining MICROVILLI structure.

Parts of the myosin molecule resulting from cleavage by proteolytic enzymes (PAPAIN; TRYPSIN; or CHYMOTRYPSIN) at well-localized regions. Study of these isolated fragments helps to delineate the functional roles of different parts of myosin. Two of the most common subfragments are myosin S-1 and myosin S-2. S-1 contains the heads of the heavy chains plus the light chains and S-2 contains part of the double-stranded, alpha-helical, heavy chain tail (myosin rod).

The smaller subunits of MYOSINS that bind near the head groups of MYOSIN HEAVY CHAINS. The myosin light chains have a molecular weight of about 20 KDa and there are usually one essential and one regulatory pair of light chains associated with each heavy chain. Many myosin light chains that bind calcium are considered "calmodulin-like" proteins.

A subclass of myosin involved in organelle transport and membrane targeting. It is abundantly found in nervous tissue and neurosecretory cells. The heavy chains of myosin V contain unusually long neck domains that are believed to aid in translocating molecules over large distances.

A nonmuscle isoform of myosin type II found predominantly in platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils and brush border enterocytes.

A subclass of myosins found generally associated with actin-rich membrane structures such as filopodia. Members of the myosin type I family are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. The heavy chains of myosin type I lack coiled-coil forming sequences in their tails and therefore do not dimerize.

A nonmuscle isoform of myosin type II found predominantly in neuronal tissue.

Myosin type II isoforms found in cardiac muscle.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and CALMODULIN. The 20-kDa light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.

A protein complex of actin and MYOSINS occurring in muscle. It is the essential contractile substance of muscle.

Myosin type II isoforms found in smooth muscle.

A subclass of myosins originally found in the photoreceptor of DROSOPHILA. The heavy chains can occur as two alternatively spliced isoforms of 132 and 174 KDa. The amino terminal of myosin type III is highly unusual in that it contains a protein kinase domain which may be an important component of the visual process.

Myosin type II isoforms found in skeletal muscle.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

A class of organic compounds containing four or more ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic.

A phosphoprotein phosphatase that is specific for MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. It is composed of three subunits, which include a catalytic subunit, a myosin binding subunit, and a third subunit of unknown function.

Isoforms of MYOSIN TYPE II, specifically found in the ventricular muscle of the HEART. Defects in the genes encoding ventricular myosins result in FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY.

A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.

Proteins that are involved in or cause CELL MOVEMENT such as the rotary structures (flagellar motor) or the structures whose movement is directed along cytoskeletal filaments (MYOSIN; KINESIN; and DYNEIN motor families).

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A genus of protozoa, formerly also considered a fungus. Its natural habitat is decaying forest leaves, where it feeds on bacteria. D. discoideum is the best-known species and is widely used in biomedical research.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .

Large woodland game BIRDS in the subfamily Meleagridinae, family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. Formerly they were considered a distinct family, Melegrididae.

A protein found in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. It inhibits contraction of the muscle unless its position is modified by TROPONIN.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.

A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A phylum of the kingdom Metazoa. Mollusca have soft, unsegmented bodies with an anterior head, a dorsal visceral mass, and a ventral foot. Most are encased in a protective calcareous shell. It includes the classes GASTROPODA; BIVALVIA; CEPHALOPODA; Aplacophora; Scaphopoda; Polyplacophora; and Monoplacophora.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

A genus of ameboid protozoa. Characteristics include a vesicular nucleus and the formation of several lodopodia, one of which is dominant at a given time. Reproduction occurs asexually by binary fission.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.

Proteins which bind calmodulin. They are found in many tissues and have a variety of functions including F-actin cross-linking properties, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and calcium and magnesium ATPases.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A genus of free-living soil amoebae that produces no flagellate stage. Its organisms are pathogens for several infections in humans and have been found in the eye, bone, brain, and respiratory tract.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

A subclass of myosin found in ACANTHAMOEBA. It is a non-filamentous myosin containing a single 180-kDa myosin heavy chain.

Myosin type II isoforms specifically found in the atrial muscle of the heart.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The movement of CYTOPLASM within a CELL. It serves as an internal transport system for moving essential substances throughout the cell, and in single-celled organisms, such as the AMOEBA, it is responsible for the movement (CELL MOVEMENT) of the entire cell.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type I MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have low ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment.

Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage.

Seven membered heterocyclic rings containing a NITROGEN atom.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified.

Monomeric subunits of primarily globular ACTIN and found in the cytoplasmic matrix of almost all cells. They are often associated with microtubules and may play a role in cytoskeletal function and/or mediate movement of the cell or the organelles within the cell.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

A large family of mollusks in the class BIVALVIA, known commonly as scallops. They possess flat, almost circular shells and are found in all seas from shallow water to great depths.

A giant elastic protein of molecular mass ranging from 2,993 kDa (cardiac), 3,300 kDa (psoas), to 3,700 kDa (soleus) having a kinase domain. The amino- terminal is involved in a Z line binding, and the carboxy-terminal region is bound to the myosin filament with an overlap between the counter-connectin filaments at the M line.

One of the minor protein components of skeletal muscle. Its function is to serve as the calcium-binding component in the troponin-tropomyosin B-actin-myosin complex by conferring calcium sensitivity to the cross-linked actin and myosin filaments.

Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology.

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

A group of enzymes removing the SERINE- or THREONINE-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes which have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

Carrier of aroma of butter, vinegar, coffee, and other foods.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The process by which the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided.

Evidence for F-actin-dependent and -independent mechanisms involved in assembly and stability of the medial actomyosin ring in fission yeast. (1/5414)

Cell division in a number of eukaryotes, including the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is achieved through a medially placed actomyosin-based contractile ring. Although several components of the actomyosin ring have been identified, the mechanisms regulating ring assembly are still not understood. Here, we show by biochemical and mutational studies that the S.pombe actomyosin ring component Cdc4p is a light chain associated with Myo2p, a myosin II heavy chain. Localization of Myo2p to the medial ring depended on Cdc4p function, whereas localization of Cdc4p at the division site was independent of Myo2p. Interestingly, the actin-binding and motor domains of Myo2p are not required for its accumulation at the division site although the motor activity of Myo2p is essential for assembly of a normal actomyosin ring. The initial assembly of Myo2p and Cdc4p at the division site requires a functional F-actin cytoskeleton. Once established, however, F-actin is not required for the maintenance of Cdc4p and Myo2p medial rings, suggesting that the attachment of Cdc4p and Myo2p to the division site involves proteins other than actin itself. (+info)

Regulation of chamber-specific gene expression in the developing heart by Irx4. (2/5414)

The vertebrate heart consists of two types of chambers, the atria and the ventricles, which differ in their contractile and electrophysiological properties. Little is known of the molecular mechanisms by which these chambers are specified during embryogenesis. Here a chicken iroquois-related homeobox gene, Irx4, was identified that has a ventricle-restricted expression pattern at all stages of heart development. Irx4 protein was shown to regulate the chamber-specific expression of myosin isoforms by activating the expression of the ventricle myosin heavy chain-1 (VMHC1) and suppressing the expression of the atrial myosin heavy chain-1 (AMHC1) in the ventricles. Thus, Irx4 may play a critical role in establishing chamber-specific gene expression in the developing heart. (+info)

Association of a myosin immunoanalogue with cell envelopes of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia and its participation in swelling and germination. (3/5414)

A myosin immunoanalogue was identified in conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus by Western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and gold immunoelectron microscopy with two different antimyosin antibodies. The distribution pattern of this protein was followed during the early stages of germination. A single 180-kDa polypeptide, detected predominantly in a cell envelope extract, was found to cross-react with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against vertebrate muscle myosin. Immunoelectron microscopy permitted precise localization of this polypeptide, indicating that myosin analogue was mainly distributed along the plasma membrane of resting and swollen conidia. In germinating conidia, indirect immunofluorescence microscopy revealed myosin analogue at the periphery of germ tubes, whereas actin appeared as dispersed punctate structures in the cytoplasm that were more concentrated at the site of germ tube emergence. A myosin ATPase inhibitor, butanedione monoxime, greatly reduced swelling and blocked germination. In contrast, when conidia were treated with cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, swelling was not affected and germination was only partially reduced. Butanedione monoxime-treated conidia showed accumulation of cytoplasmic vesicles and did not achieve cell wall reorganization, unlike swollen conidia. Collectively, these results suggest an essential role for this myosin analogue in the deposition of cell wall components during germination of A. fumigatus conidia and therefore in host tissue colonization. (+info)

Studies on a nonpolysomal ribonucleoprotein coding for myosin heavy chains from chick embryonic muscles. (4/5414)

A messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particle containing the mRNA coding for the myosin heavy chain (MHC mRNA) has been isolated from the postpolysomal fraction of homogenates of 14-day-old chick embryonic muscles. The mRNP sediments in sucrose gradient as 120 S and has a characteristic buoyant density of 1.415 g/cm3, which corresponds to an RNA:protein ratio of 1:3.8. The RNA isolated from the 120 S particle behaved like authentic MHC mRNA purified from chick embryonic muscles with respect to electrophoretic mobility and ability to program the synthesis of myosin heavy chain in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system as judged by multi-step co-purification of the in vitro products with chick embryonic leg muscle myosin added as carrier. The RNA obtained from the 120 S particle was as effective as purified MHC mRNA in stimulating the synthesis of the complete myosin heavy chains in rabbit reticulocyte lysate under conditions where non-muscle mRNAs had no such effect. Analysis of the protein moieties of the 120 S particle by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows the presence of seven distinct polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 44,000, 49,000, 53,000, 81,000, 83,000, and 98,000, whereas typical ribosomal proteins are absent. These results indicate that the 120 S particles are distinct cellular entities unrelated to ribosomes or initiation complexes. The presence of muscle-specific mRNAs as cytoplasmic mRNPs suggests that these particles may be involved in translational control during myogenesis in embryonic muscles. (+info)

Myosin II-independent F-actin flow contributes to cell locomotion in dictyostelium. (5/5414)

While the treadmilling and retrograde flow of F-actin are believed to be responsible for the protrusion of leading edges, little is known about the mechanism that brings the posterior cell body forward. To elucidate the mechanism for global cell locomotion, we examined the organizational changes of filamentous (F-) actin in live Dictyostelium discoideum. We labeled F-actin with a trace amount of fluorescent phalloidin and analyzed its dynamics in nearly two-dimensional cells by using a sensitive, high-resolution charge-coupled device. We optically resolved a cyclic mode of tightening and loosening of fibrous cortical F-actin and quantitated its flow by measuring temporal and spatial intensity changes. The rate of F-actin flow was evaluated with respect to migration velocity and morphometric changes. In migrating monopodial cells, the cortical F-actin encircling the posterior cell body gradually accumulated into the tail end at a speed of 0.35 microm/minute. We show qualitatively and quantitatively that the F-actin flow is closely associated with cell migration. Similarly, in dividing cells, the cortical F-actin accumulated into the cleavage furrow. Although five times slower than the wild type, the F-actin also flows rearward in migrating mhcA- cells demonstrating that myosin II ('conventional' myosin) is not absolutely required for the observed dynamics of F-actin. Yet consistent with the reported transportation of ConA-beads, the direction of observed F-actin flow in Dictyostelium is conceptually opposite from a barbed-end binding to the plasma membrane. This study suggests that the posterior end of the cell has a unique motif that tugs the cortical actin layer rearward by means of a mechanism independent from myosin II; this mechanism may be also involved in cleavage furrow formation. (+info)

(CTG)n repeats markedly inhibit differentiation of the C2C12 myoblast cell line: implications for congenital myotonic dystrophy. (6/5414)

Although the mutation for myotonic dystrophy has been identified as a (CTG)n repeat expansion located in the 3'-untranslated region of a gene located on chromosome 19, the mechanism of disease pathogenesis is not understood. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of (CTG)n repeats on the differentiation of myoblasts in cell culture. We report here that C2C12 myoblast cell lines permanently transfected with plasmid expressing 500 bases long CTG repeat sequences, exhibited a drastic reduction in their ability to fuse and differentiate into myotubes. The percentage of cells fused into myotubes in C2 C12 cells (53.4+/-4.4%) was strikingly different from those in the two CTG repeat carrying clones (1.8+/-0.4% and 3.3+/-0. 7%). Control C2C12 cells permanently transfected with vector alone did not show such an effect. This finding may have important implications in understanding the pathogenesis of congenital myotonic dystrophy. (+info)

Activation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit by mitosis-specific phosphorylation. (7/5414)

It has been demonstrated previously that during mitosis the sites of myosin phosphorylation are switched between the inhibitory sites, Ser 1/2, and the activation sites, Ser 19/Thr 18 (Yamakita, Y., S. Yamashiro, and F. Matsumura. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 124:129- 137; Satterwhite, L.L., M.J. Lohka, K.L. Wilson, T.Y. Scherson, L.J. Cisek, J.L. Corden, and T.D. Pollard. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 118:595-605), suggesting a regulatory role of myosin phosphorylation in cell division. To explore the function of myosin phosphatase in cell division, the possibility that myosin phosphatase activity may be altered during cell division was examined. We have found that the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT) undergoes mitosis-specific phosphorylation and that the phosphorylation is reversed during cytokinesis. MYPT phosphorylated either in vivo or in vitro in the mitosis-specific way showed higher binding to myosin II (two- to threefold) compared to MYPT from cells in interphase. Furthermore, the activity of myosin phosphatase was increased more than twice and it is suggested this reflected the increased affinity of myosin binding. These results indicate the presence of a unique positive regulatory mechanism for myosin phosphatase in cell division. The activation of myosin phosphatase during mitosis would enhance dephosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain, thereby leading to the disassembly of stress fibers during prophase. The mitosis-specific effect of phosphorylation is lost on exit from mitosis, and the resultant increase in myosin phosphorylation may act as a signal to activate cytokinesis. (+info)

Calculation of a Gap restoration in the membrane skeleton of the red blood cell: possible role for myosin II in local repair. (8/5414)

Human red blood cells contain all of the elements involved in the formation of nonmuscle actomyosin II complexes (V. M. Fowler. 1986. J. Cell. Biochem. 31:1-9; 1996. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8:86-96). No clear function has yet been attributed to these complexes. Using a mathematical model for the structure of the red blood cell spectrin skeleton (M. J. Saxton. 1992. J. Theor. Biol. 155:517-536), we have explored a possible role for myosin II bipolar minifilaments in the restoration of the membrane skeleton, which may be locally damaged by major mechanical or chemical stress. We propose that the establishment of stable links between distant antiparallel actin protofilaments after a local myosin II activation may initiate the repair of the disrupted area. We show that it is possible to define conditions in which the calculated number of myosin II minifilaments bound to actin protofilaments is consistent with the estimated number of myosin II minifilaments present in the red blood cells. A clear restoration effect can be observed when more than 50% of the spectrin polymers of a defined area are disrupted. It corresponds to a significant increase in the spectrin density in the protein free region of the membrane. This may be involved in a more complex repair process of the red blood cell membrane, which includes the vesiculation of the bilayer and the compaction of the disassembled spectrin network. (+info)

Myosin specificity[edit]. Blebbistatin is a potent inhibitor of nonmuscle myosin IIA and IIB, cardiac myosin, skeletal myosin ... nonmuscle myosin-2 oocyte cytokinesis effective at 300 μM[33] C. elegans nonmuscle myosin-2 acto-myosin colocalization ... myosin isoform or muscle type assay type IC50 Dictyostelium discoideum myosin II motor domain basal ATPase 2.96 ± 0.45 μM,[7] ... It is widely used in research to inhibit heart muscle myosin, non-muscle myosin II, and skeletal muscle myosin. Blebbistatin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blebbistatin

She chose the motor protein myosin as the topic of her Ph.D. work in the laboratories of Mark Mooseker and Peter Novick at Yale ... She developed a modified in vitro motility assay to show that both Myo2p and Myo4p class V myosins in yeast appear to be non- ... Reck-Peterson, S. L.; Tyska, M. J.; Novick, P. J.; Mooseker, M. S. (2001-05-28). "The yeast class V myosins, Myo2p and Myo4p, ... Her work focused on the class V myosins, which have multiple functions in the cell ranging from mRNA transport to cell polarity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara_Reck-Peterson

Kruppa AJ, Kendrick-Jones J, Buss F (2016). "Myosins, Actin and Autophagy". Traffic. 17 (8): 878-90. doi:10.1111/tra.12410. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagosome

Kruppa AJ, Kendrick-Jones J, Buss F (2016). "Myosins, Actin and Autophagy". Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark). 17 (8): 878-90. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omegasome

Myosin motoring along F-actin filaments generates contractile forces in so-called actomyosin fibers, both in muscle as well as ... They also act as tracks for the movement of myosin molecules that affix to the microfilament and "walk" along them. In general ... Actin structures are controlled by the Rho family of small GTP-binding proteins such as Rho itself for contractile acto-myosin ... Cooper, Geoffrey M. (2000). "Actin, Myosin, and Cell Movement". The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd Edition. Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoskeleton

Myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYL9 gene. Myosin, a structural component ... "Entrez Gene: myosin". Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, et al. (2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for ... The protein encoded by this gene is a myosin light chain that may regulate muscle contraction by modulating the ATPase activity ... Higashihara M, Watanabe M, Usuda S, Miyazaki K (2008). "Smooth muscle type isoform of 20 kDa myosin light chain is expressed in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYL9

Myosin fought back before Chiswick Bridge to reduce the deficit, but Actin won by around two lengths. Oxford's men's trial race ... The CUWBC president, Larkin Sayre, rowed in Myosin who lost the toss and were on the Middlesex side of the river. The race was ... As such the boats were named Actin and Myosin, the proteins which make the two muscle fibres that pull against each other in ... "CUWBC: Actin vs Myosin". The Boat Race Company Limited. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2020. "OUBC Trial Eights Crews ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boat_Race_2020

Interactions between actin, myosin and an actin-binding protein from rabbit alveolar macrophages. Alveolar macrophage myosin ... Interactions of actin, myosin and a new actin-binding protein of rabbit pulmonary macrophages II. Role in cytoplasmic movement ... Interactions of actin, myosin and an actin-binding protein of rabbit pulmonary macrophages III. Effects of cytochalasin B. J ... Interactions of actin, myosin and an actin-binding protein of chronic myelogenous leukemia leukocytes. J Clin Invest. 1976; 57: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_P._Stossel

Hodge T, Cope MJ (October 2000). "A myosin family tree". Journal of Cell Science. 113 (19): 3353-4. PMID 10984423. Mount DM ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_phylogenetics

Filamin B, beta (FLNB), also known as Filamin B, beta (actin binding protein 278), is a cytoplasmic protein which in humans is encoded by the FLNB gene. FLNB regulates intracellular communication and signalling by cross-linking the protein actin to allow direct communication between the cell membrane and cytoskeletal network, to control and guide proper skeletal development.[5] Mutations in the FLNB gene are involved in several lethal bone dysplasias, including boomerang dysplasia and atelosteogenesis type I.[6][7][8] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLNB

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) family of proteins share similar domain structure, and are involved in transduction of signals from receptors on the cell surface to the actin cytoskeleton. The presence of a number of different motifs suggests they are regulated by a number of different stimuli, and interact with multiple proteins. These proteins, directly or indirectly, associate with the small GTPase CDC42, known to regulate formation of actin filaments, and the cytoskeletal organising complex, Arp2/3. The WASp family proteins includes WASp, N-WASp, SCAR/WAVE, WHAMM and WASH the five of them share a C- terminal VCA (verprolin, central, acidic) domain where they interact with actin nucleating complex (ARP2/3) and they differ in their terminal domains. WASp and N-WASP are analogs, they contain an N-terminal EVH1 domain, a C-terminal VCA domain and central B and GBD (GTP binding domain) domains. WASp, is expressed exclusively in hematopoietic cells and neuronal WASp (N-WASp), is ubiquitously ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiskott-Aldrich_syndrome_protein

neuroaxonal damage is the pathological substrate of permanent disability in various neurological disorders. ... Here, we review what is known about the structure and function of neurofilaments, discuss analytical aspects and knowledge of age-dependent normal ranges of neurofilaments and provide a comprehensive overview of studies on neurofilament light chain as a marker of axonal injury in different neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_

Each thick filament is approximately 15 nm in diameter, and each is made of several hundred molecules of myosin. A myosin ... The filaments of actin and myosin then form linkages. After binding, myosin pulls actin filaments toward each other, or inward ... Half of the myosin heads angle to the left and half of them angle to the right, creating an area in the middle of the filament ... Myofilaments are the filaments of myofibrils, constructed from proteins,[1] principally myosin or actin. Types of muscle are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myofilament

Myosin-9 also known as myosin, heavy chain 9, non-muscle or non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIa (NMMHC-IIA) is a protein which in ... myosin II filament. • cell cortex. • brush border. • actomyosin. • myosin complex. • integrin complex. • ruffle. • cell nucleus ... Myosin IIs are motor proteins that are part of a superfamily composed of more than 30 classes.[7][8][9] Class II myosins ... The path to myosin filament formation, which is shared by NM II and smooth muscle myosin, starts with a folded inactive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH9

In mammals talin-1 is ubiquitously expressed; talin-1 is found complexed to integrins and localized to intercalated discs of cardiac muscle and to costamere structures of both skeletal and cardiac muscles,[32] in correspondence with the I-band and M-line.[33][34][35] Talin-1 is also found at focal adhesions of smooth muscle cells [36] and non-muscle cells.[9] In undifferentiated cultures of myoblasts, talin-1 expression is perinuclear, and then progresses to a cytoplasmic distribution followed by a sarcomlemmal, costameric-like pattern by day 15 of differentiation.[37] Homozygous disruption of TLN1 in mice is embryonic lethal, demonstrating that talin-1 is required for normal embryogenesis.[38] It has been shown, however, that talin-1 expression is minor in adult cardiomyocytes, and becomes more prominent at costameres during cardiac hypertrophy induced by pharmacological and mechanical stress.[39] The primary function of talin-1 involves the linkage of integrins to the actin cytoskeleton and in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLN1

Cytoplasmic dynein, which has a molecular mass of about 1.5 megadaltons (MDa), is a dimer of dimers, containing approximately twelve polypeptide subunits: two identical "heavy chains", 520 kDa in mass, which contain the ATPase activity and are thus responsible for generating movement along the microtubule; two 74 kDa intermediate chains which are believed to anchor the dynein to its cargo; two 53-59 kDa light intermediate chains; and several light chains. The force-generating ATPase activity of each dynein heavy chain is located in its large doughnut-shaped "head", which is related to other AAA proteins, while two projections from the head connect it to other cytoplasmic structures. One projection, the coiled-coil stalk, binds to and "walks" along the surface of the microtubule via a repeated cycle of detachment and reattachment. The other projection, the extended tail, binds to the light intermediate, intermediate and light chain subunits which attach dynein to its cargo. The alternating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynein

The tertiary structure of destrin was determined by the use of triple-resonance multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR.[1] The secondary and tertiary structures of destrin are similar to the gelsolin family which is another actin-regulating protein family. There are three ordered layers to destrin which is a globular protein. There is a central β sheet that is composed of one parallel strand and three antiparallel strands. This β sheet is between a long α helix along with a shorter one and two shorter helices on the opposite side. The four helices are parallel to the β strands.[1] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destrin

Ankyrin-B is a member of the ankyrin family of proteins. ankyrin-1 has shown to be essential in normal function of erythrocytes;[10] however, ankyrin-B and ankyrin-3 play essential roles in the localization and membrane stabilization of ion transporters and ion channels in cardiomyocytes.[9][11] Functional insights into ankyrin-B function have come from studies employing ankyrin-B chimeric proteins. One study showed that the death/C-terminal domain of ankyrin-B determines both the subcellular localization as well as activity in restoring normal inositol trisphosphate receptor and ryanodine receptor localization and cardiomyocyte contractility.[8] Further studies have shown that the beta-hairpin loops within the ankyrin repeat domain of ankyrin-B are required for the interaction with the inositol trisphosphate receptor, and a reduction of ankyrin-B in neonatal cardiomyocytes reduces the half-life of the inositol trisphosphate receptor by 3-fold and destabilizes its proper localization; all of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANK2

Keratin, type II cuticular Hb1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT81 gene.[5][6][7] The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type II hair keratin, it is a basic protein which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails. The type II hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13 and are grouped into two distinct subfamilies based on structure similarity. One subfamily, consisting of KRTHB1, KRTHB3, and KRTHB6, is highly related. The other less-related subfamily includes KRTHB2, KRTHB4, and KRTHB5. All hair keratins are expressed in the hair follicle; this hair keratin, as well as KRTHB3 and KRTHB6, is found primarily in the hair cortex. Mutations in this gene and KRTHB6 have been observed in patients with a rare dominant hair disease, monilethrix.[7] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRT81

The cytokeratins are encoded by a family encompassing 30 genes. Among them, 20 are epithelial genes and the remaining 10 are specific for trichocytes. All cytokeratin chains are composed of a central α-helix-rich domain (with a 50-90% sequence identity among cytokeratins of the same type and around 30% between cytokeratins of different type) with non-α-helical N- and C-terminal domains. The α-helical domain has 310-150 amino acids and comprises four segments in which a seven-residue pattern repeats. Into this repeated pattern, the first and fourth residues are hydrophobic and the charged residues show alternate positive and negative polarity, resulting in the polar residues being located on one side of the helix. This central domain of the chain provides the molecular alignment in the keratin structure and makes the chains form coiled dimers in solution. The end-domain sequences of type I and II cytokeratin chains contain in both sides of the rod domain the subdomains V1 and V2, which have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokeratin

Actin acts as a track for myosin motor motility[edit]. Myosin motors are intracellular ATP-dependent enzymes that bind to and ... Various classes of myosin motors have very different behaviors, including exerting tension in the cell and transporting cargo ... In inducing cell motility, one end of the actin filament elongates while the other end contracts, presumably by myosin II ... This polarity has been determined by the pattern created by the binding of myosin S1 fragments: they themselves are subunits of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfilaments

... was first described in 1976,[16] first purified in 1977,[17] the gene was cloned in 1989,[6] and the first knockout mouse was created in 1996.[18] The function of desmin has been deduced through studies in knockout mice. Desmin is one of the earliest protein markers for muscle tissue in embryogenesis as it is detected in the somites.[12] Although it is present early in the development of muscle cells, it is only expressed at low levels, and increases as the cell nears terminal differentiation. A similar protein, vimentin, is present in higher amounts during embryogenesis while desmin is present in higher amounts after differentiation. This suggests that there may be some interaction between the two in determining muscle cell differentiation. However desmin knockout mice develop normally and only experience defects later in life.[13] Since desmin is expressed at a low level during differentiation another protein may be able to compensate for desmin's function early in development but not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmin

Through alternative splicing of the fetal exon and other alternative exons in the N-terminal variable region, the expression of fsTnT during mammalian and avian development undergoes a high molecular to low molecular weight isoform switch in both fast and slow fiber dominant skeletal muscles.[20] The inclusion of more N-terminal exons increases the negative charge that tunes the overall molecular conformation of fsTnT and alters interaction with TnI, TnC and tropomyosin.[21][22][23] The alternative splicing-based addition of N-terminal negative charge in fsTnT also contributes to the tolerance to acidosis.[24] Alternative splicing of the two C-terminal mutually exclusive exons 16 and 17 appears also regulated during development.[14] Exon 17 with a sequence more similar to the counterpart segment in ssTnT and cTnT is predominantly expressed in embryonic and neonatal fsTnT.[14][25] Exon 16 of fsTnT was only found in adult skeletal muscles. Exons 16 and 17 both encode a 14 amino acids peptide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNNT3

Actin, desmin, myosin, and tropomyosin". The American Journal of Pathology. 142 (1): 221-30. PMC 1886840. PMID 8424456. Tiso N ... myosin ATPase activity, and the cardiac response to stress. A decrease in β-tropomyosin in patients with heart failure was ... troponin C and troponin T-to modulated the actin and myosin interaction. In diastole, the tropomyosin-troponin complex inhibits ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPM2

Surks HK, Riddick N, Ohtani K (2006). "M-RIP targets myosin phosphatase to stress fibers to regulate myosin light chain ... Surks HK, Richards CT, Mendelsohn ME (2004). "Myosin phosphatase-Rho interacting protein. A new member of the myosin ... Koga Y, Ikebe M (2005). "p116Rip decreases myosin II phosphorylation by activating myosin light chain phosphatase and by ... Myosin phosphatase Rho-interacting protein is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MPRIP gene. M-RIP has been shown to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-RIP

Surks HK, Richards CT, Mendelsohn ME (2003). "Myosin phosphatase-Rho interacting protein. A new member of the myosin ... The gene encodes a subunit of myosin phosphatase. The encoded protein regulates the catalytic activity of protein phosphatase 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_phosphatase_1_regulatory_subunit_12c

This phosphorylation results in higher ATPase activity and the assembly of myosin II filaments. "Myosin, light chain 12B, ... Myosin, light chain 12B, regulatory is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYL12B gene. The gene is also known as MLC-B ... The activity of nonmuscle myosin II is regulated by phosphorylation of a regulatory light chain, such as MYL12B. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYL12B

Myosin-XVIIIa is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYO18A gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000196535 - Ensembl ... "Entrez Gene: MYO18A myosin XVIIIA". Chroneos ZC, Abdolrasulnia R, Whitsett JA, et al. (1996). "Purification of a cell-surface ... 2005). "Identification of the surfactant protein A receptor 210 as the unconventional myosin 18A". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (41): ... "Genome structure and differential expression of two isoforms of a novel PDZ-containing myosin (MysPDZ) (Myo18A)". J Biochem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYO18A

Most frequent side effects are nausea, orthostatic hypotension, headaches, and vomiting through stimulation of the brainstem vomiting centre.[9] Vasospasms with serious consequences such as myocardial infarction and stroke that have been reported in connection with the puerperium, appear to be extremely rare events.[10] Peripheral vasospasm (of the fingers or toes) can cause Raynaud's Phenomenon. Bromocriptine use has been anecdotally associated with causing or worsening psychotic symptoms (its mechanism is in opposition of most antipsychotics, whose mechanisms generally block dopamine).[11] Pulmonary fibrosis has been reported when bromocriptine was used in high doses for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.[12] Use to suppress milk production after childbirth was reviewed in 2014 and it was concluded that in this context a causal association with serious cardiovascular, neurological or psychiatric events could not be excluded with an overall incidence rate estimated to range between 0.005% ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromocriptine

InChI=1S/C25H29N3O2/c1-27-14-18(13-26-25(29)30-16-17-7-4-3-5-8-17)11-21-20-9-6-10-22-24(20)19(12-23(21)27)15-28(22)2/h3-10,15,18,21,23H,11-14,16H2,1-2H3,(H,26,29)/t18-,21+,23+/m0/s1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metergoline

Myosin XII[edit]. Myosin XIII[edit]. Myosin XIV[edit]. This myosin group has been found in the Apicomplexa phylum.[40] The ... Myosin X[edit]. Myosin X is an unconventional myosin motor, which is functional as a dimer. The dimerization of myosin X is ... Myosin XVI[edit]. Myosin XVII[edit]. Myosin XVIII[edit]. MYO18A A gene on chromosome 17q11.2 that encodes actin-based motor ... Myosin III[edit]. Myosin III is a poorly understood member of the myosin family. It has been studied in vivo in the eyes of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin

A myosin light chain is a light chain (small polypeptide subunit) of myosin. Myosin light chains were discovered by Chinese ... Myosin light-chain kinase Myosin-light-chain phosphatase Myosin+Light+Chains at the US National Library of Medicine Medical ... Structurally, myosin light chains belong to the EF-hand family, a large family of Ca2+- binding proteins. MLCs contain two Ca2+ ... Myosin light chains (MLCs) can be broadly classified into two groups: Essential or alkali MLC (MLC1 or ELC), Regulatory MLC ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin_light_chain

Class V myosins.. Reck-Peterson SL1, Provance DW Jr, Mooseker MS, Mercer JA. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722875?dopt=Abstract

myosin (countable and uncountable, plural myosins) *(biochemistry) Any of a large family of motor proteins found in eukaryotic ... Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=myosin&oldid=60980377" ...

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myosin

Because myosin light chain has no inherent phosphate cleaving property over active PKC prevents the dephosphorylation of myosin ... Binding of calcium ion to this domain increases the affinity of MYLK binding to myosin light chain. This myosin binding domain ... Within the cells, MYLK provides an inward pulling force, phosphorylating myosin light chain causing a contraction of the myosin ... Myosin light-chain kinase also known as MYLK or MLCK is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that phosphorylates a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin_light-chain_kinase

In muscle cells myosin is arranged in long filaments called thick filaments that lie parallel to the microfilaments of actin [2 ... myosin (mī´əsĬn), one of the two major protein [1] constituents responsible for contraction of muscle. ... The type of myosin molecule found in muscle fibres consists of a tail, by which it aggregates with other myosin molecules to ... myosin The predominant protein of the myofibrils of muscle cells. It has an unusual shape for a protein, having a globular head ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biochemistry/biochemistry/myosin

The number of known unconventional myosins is increasing rapidly and in the past year alone two new classes have been ... The unconventional myosins form a large and diverse group of molecular motors. ... The unconventional myosins form a large and diverse group of molecular motors. The number of known unconventional myosins is ... Unconventional myosins Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1992 Feb;4(1):27-35. doi: 10.1016/0955-0674(92)90055-h. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1558751/?dopt=Abstract

Myosins: matching functions with motors.. Baker JP1, Titus MA.. Author information. 1. Department of Cell Biology, Duke ... It is an exciting time to be studying myosins and their roles in the function of cells and organisms. Past efforts aimed at ... The following article reviews the inroads made into the functions of myosins in these processes over the past several years. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9484598?dopt=Abstract

... belongs to the group of class I myosins, which are monomeric, nonprocessive, slow-rate, and low-duty ratio molecular motors... ... MMIb; MMI-beta; Myo1C isoform B; myr2; NM1; NMI Nuclear myosin I (NM1) ... the first single-headed myosin isolated from mammals, also known as mammalian myosin I, or myosin 1β. However, with the ... Nuclear myosin I (NM1) belongs to the group of class I myosins, which are monomeric, nonprocessive, slow-rate, and low-duty ...

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101485

Myosin storage myopathy is a condition that causes muscle weakness (myopathy) that does not worsen or worsens very slowly over ... Mutations in the beta-myosin rod cause myosin storage myopathy via multiple mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 14; ... Mutations in the MYH7 gene cause myosin storage myopathy. The MYH7 gene provides instructions for making a protein known as the ... Cardiac β-myosin heavy chain is the major component of the thick filament in muscle cell structures called sarcomeres. . ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myosin-storage-myopathy

... www.jbc.org/content/291/43/22373.full Single spots binding to actin stress fibres are myosin-6 mini-filame... ... Myosin-2b-GFP molecules in HeLa cell @37°C. http:// ...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7XqIX5_cDw

... although there is general agreement in the naming of myosins I in vertebrates (Gillespie et al. 2001). The names used in ... The nomenclature of myosins I is confusing, although there is general agreement in the naming of myosins I in vertebrates ( ... Myosin 1 is the largest of ∼35 different classes of proteins that comprise the myosin superfamily, a collection of actin- ... Transient kinetic analysis of the 130-kDa myosin I (myr 1 gene product) from rat liver: a myosin I designed for maintenance of ...

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_529

Myosin definition is - a fibrous globulin of muscle that can split ATP and that reacts with actin in muscle contraction to form ... Comments on myosin. What made you want to look up myosin? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if ... Post the Definition of myosin to Facebook Share the Definition of myosin on Twitter ... Examples of myosin in a Sentence. Recent Examples on the Web. Hundreds or thousands of amino acids are linked together to form ...

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/myosin

myosin synonyms, myosin pronunciation, myosin translation, English dictionary definition of myosin. n. Any of a class of ... myosin. Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.. Related to myosin: Myosin light chain kinase ... Phosphorylation by ROCK inactivates a myosin phosphatase, retaining myosin II in the phosphorylated or active state [34, 35].. ... Myosin - definition of myosin by The Free Dictionary https://www.thefreedictionary.com/myosin ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/myosin

... x011 at Lehigh.EDU x011 at Lehigh.EDU Fri Mar 24 09:03:28 EST 1995 *Previous message: ... The data curve supports this with a ossilation of 50/50 hook up of the myosin/kinesin system to the microtubules. It is ... Gilbert et al reports that myosin and kinesin are binary switching in the microtubules. These dimer actions I naturally see as ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/neur-sci/1995-March/017486.html

Myosin XIIEdit. Myosin XIIIEdit. Myosin XIVEdit. This myosin group has been found in the Apicomplexa phylum.[37] The myosins ... Myosin XEdit. Myosin X is an unconventional myosin motor, which is functional as a dimer. The dimerization of myosin X is ... "Myosin". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.. *^ "myosin - definition of myosin in English from the Oxford dictionary". ... Myosin IIIEdit. Myosin III is a poorly understood member of the myosin family. It has been studied in vivo in the eyes of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin

Class III myosin, motor domain (IPR036083). Short name: MYSc_Myo3 Domain relationships *Myosin head, motor domain (IPR001609) * ... Myosin III is an actin-based motor protein with protein kinase activity [PMID: 12672820]. It has been shown to play a role in ... Determination of human myosin III as a motor protein having a protein kinase activity.. J. Biol. Chem. 278 21352-60 2003 ... Class III myosins shape the auditory hair bundles by limiting microvilli and stereocilia growth.. J. Cell Biol. 212 231-44 2016 ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR036083

InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool.

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/Q14896

Discovery of myosin genes by physical mapping in Dictyostelium. M A Titus, A Kuspa, and W F Loomis ... The previously identified myosin loci (mchA, myoA-E) were detected by hybridization to the probes, as well as an additional ... The diversity of the myosin family in a single organism, Dictyostelium discoideum, has been investigated by a strategy devised ... genome was probed at low stringency with conserved regions of the myosin motor domain to identify all possible myosin loci. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/91/20/9446?ijkey=316b6faebe1f34e330baa55d2580b19ddb8f3cc1&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Myosin Filament - What happens to me during a contraction of the muscle? by carrie mcclure , This newsletter was created with ... What is Myosin? And what do i do during a contraction? First of all myosin is a chemical that is in the muscles and it works ... The myosin is always grabbing at the actin with the myosin heads, and they to try and attach to it but it cant unless we have ... Myosin Filament What happens to me during a contraction of the muscle? ...

https://www.smore.com/fxfxs

Dynamics of actin/myosin coalescence. (A) Trajectories of myosin filaments moving on an actin network (1∶200 myosin∶actin; 3 ... We used myosin filaments with an average length of 0.69 μm (Fig. 1E) or approximately 100 myosin motors (39). This size is ... Occasionally, two neighboring myosin filaments came together and fused into a small myosin focus (Fig. 2B and Movie S4). Upon ... Initially, myosin foci formation did not drastically reshape the actin network (sketched in Fig. 1A iv). However, once myosin ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/108/23/9408

Recently, it has been shown that a gene encoding an unconventional myosin, myosin VIIA, underlies the mouse recessive deafness ... Recently, it has been shown that a gene encoding an unconventional myosin, myosin VIIA, underlies the mouse recessive deafness ... Liu, X., Walsh, J., Mburu, P. et al. Mutations in the myosin VIIA gene cause non-syndromic recessive deafness. Nat Genet 16, ... Myosin VIIA gene: Heterogeneity of the mutations responsible for Usher syndrome type IB. Hum. Mol. Genet. 6, 111-116 (1997). ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/ng0697-188?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a8f02180-01b0-4fff-b416-21a8e0e0a5aa

Buy our Myosin VIIa peptide. Ab4996 is a blocking peptide and has been validated in BL. Abcam provides free protocols, tips and ... Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Their ... In retina, myosin VIIa may play a role in trafficking of ribbon-synaptic vesicle complexes and renewal of the outer ... may be used for neutralization and control experiments with the polyclonal antibody that reacts with this product and myosin ...

https://www.abcam.com/myosin-viia-peptide-ab4996.html

Myosin heavy chain that is required for the cell cycle-regulated transport of various organelles and proteins for their ... Interacts with calmodulin (CMD1) and the myosin light chain MLC1 through its IQ repeats. Binds to the membrane receptors SEC4 ...

https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/protein/P19524

... Maegen A. Ackermann and Aikaterini Kontrogianni- ... Maegen A. Ackermann and Aikaterini Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos, "Myosin Binding Protein-C Slow: An Intricate Subfamily of ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2010/652065/cta/

Characterization of myosin-A and myosin-C: two class XIV unconventional myosins from Toxoplasma gondii. Cell Motil. ... Until now, no myosin of class II or V has been identified in Apicomplexa. To assign which myosin could be involved in the cell ... It is noteworthy that for a long time, among the hundreds of myosins known, only the conventional myosins of class II had been ... Toxoplasma gondii myosins B/C. Frédéric Delbac, Astrid Sänger, Eva M. Neuhaus, Rolf Stratmann, James W. Ajioka, Catherine ...

http://jcb.rupress.org/content/155/4/613

Actin Myosin Protocols. Protocols and information relating to actin and myosin. Protocols » Cytoskeleton Protocols » Actin ... Actin Myosin Protocols Protocol Links. Actin Binding & Bundling Sedimentation Assays Protocol includes: Binding assays for ...

http://molecularstation.com/actin-myosin-protocols/

Embryonic myosin heavy-chain mutations cause distal arthrogryposis and developmental myosin myopathy that persists postnatally. ... BACKGROUND: Myosin is a molecular motor and the essential part of the thick filament of striated muscle. The expression of ... CONCLUSIONS: Distal arthrogryposis associated with MYH3 mutations is secondary to myosin myopathy, and postnatal muscle ... Myosin Heavy Chains, genetics, physiology, Prenatal Diagnosis, methods, Protein Isoforms, genetics, physiology ...

https://www.gu.se/english/research/publication/?publicationId=82264

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Science.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/189/4196/34.2

Myosin: Biosynthesis, Classes and Function opens with a discussion on class I myosins, the most varied members of the myosin ... Myosin: Biosynthesis, Classes and Function. David Broadbent (Editor). Series: Cell Biology Research Progress. BISAC: SCI017000 ... Thus, the authors name the 46-48 kDa proteins revealed in a blood serum as a short form of the human unconventional myosin 1c ( ... Home / Shop / Books / Science and Technology / Life Sciences / Biology / Cell Biology / Myosin: Biosynthesis, Classes and ...

https://novapublishers.com/shop/myosin-biosynthesis-classes-and-function/

Structurally, myosin light chains belong to the EF-hand family, a large family of Ca2+- binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Among them are, for example, MYL6B, MYLIP, MYLK, and MYLK2, Several diseases have been associated with mutations in the genes encoding for myosin light chain proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Myosins ( / ˈ m aɪ ə s ɪ n , - oʊ -/ [1] [2] ) are a superfamily of motor proteins best known for their roles in muscle contraction and in a wide range of other motility processes in eukaryotes . (wikipedia.org)
The neck domain can also serve as a binding site for myosin light chains which are distinct proteins that form part of a macromolecular complex and generally have regulatory functions. (wikipedia.org)
The nomenclature can therefore be somewhat confusing when attempting to compare the functions of myosin proteins within and between organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Similar filament-forming myosin proteins were found in cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and nonmuscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
However, beginning in the 1970s, researchers began to discover new myosin genes in simple eukaryotes [3] encoding proteins that acted as monomers and were therefore entitled Class I myosins. (wikipedia.org)
Myosin 1 is the largest of ∼35 different classes of proteins that comprise the myosin superfamily, a collection of actin-associated molecular motor proteins that use the energy from ATP. (springer.com)
Myosin I. Proteins Cell Reg. (springer.com)
Hundreds or thousands of amino acids are linked together to form proteins such as insulin, collagen, dystrophin, myosin , and the thousands of others needed for life. (merriam-webster.com)
Sharon Begley, STAT , "Genome 'writers' set their first goal: recoding human cells to resist viruses," 1 May 2018 That means making sure the cells have myosin and actin - two proteins that are key to forming the cellular cytoskeleton, and to building muscle filaments. (merriam-webster.com)
In preclinical studies, MYK-224 was shown to attenuate hyperactive myosin proteins containing known pathogenic HCM mutations. (thefreedictionary.com)
According to our previous studies [5,12], the major factors leading to PSE-like meat having poor protein functionalities are concluded as protein conformation, characteristic of salt soluble proteins, myosin and actin denaturation during meat processing, which also depend on pH and ionic strength conditions. (thefreedictionary.com)
To assess the mechanisms leading to protein aggregation in myosin storage myopathy and to evaluate the impact of these mutations on myosin assembly and muscle function, we expressed mutated myosin proteins in cultured human muscle cells and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. (gu.se)
Myosin heavy chain that is required for the cell cycle-regulated transport of various organelles and proteins for their segregation. (rcsb.org)
Maegen A. Ackermann and Aikaterini Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos, "Myosin Binding Protein-C Slow: An Intricate Subfamily of Proteins," Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology , vol. 2010, Article ID 652065, 10 pages, 2010. (hindawi.com)
Myosin VIIa is a member of the myosin superfamily of actin-based motor proteins. (abcam.com)
This raft protein is lost from the apical surface when a fragment of either myosin-1A or SI interferes with the link between the two full-length proteins. (rupress.org)
Tyska is now determining whether the myosin-1A-SI link is regulated by signaling proteins or bacterial toxins. (rupress.org)
However, dendritic proteins enable the vesicles transporting them to bind to a second motor, known as myosin , that literally walks them back into the dendrite. (wordnik.com)
Until recently, scientists thought RGS proteins, which are found only in small quantities in the heart -- a thousand times less than other, more common proteins, such as myosin and metabolic proteins -- played no key role in heart function. (wordnik.com)
Myosins are a large super-family of motor proteins that move along actin filaments, while hydrolyzing ATP to forms of mechanical energy that can be used for a variety of functions such as muscle movement and contraction. (wikibooks.org)
Myosin has groups of protein that divide the motor proteins. (wikibooks.org)
Among the proteins whose genes have been linked to deafness are several types of myosin. (wikibooks.org)
We offer Myosin heavy chain 15 Peptides and Myosin heavy chain 15 Proteins for use in common research applications: Blocking/Neutralizing, Control. (novusbio.com)
Our Myosin heavy chain 15 Peptides and Myosin heavy chain 15 Proteins can be used in a variety of model species: Human. (novusbio.com)
Choose from our Myosin heavy chain 15 Peptides and Proteins. (novusbio.com)
A novel protein post-translational modification, citrullination was shown previously in a number of key myofilament proteins, tropomyosin (R 133, R 238), actin (R 39) and myosin heavy chain (R 1176, 1303, 1434) in HF patient (values for total spectra counts for citrullinated proteins in control, ISHD and IDCM: 1.8 ±1.3, 3.2±2.7 and 2.3±1.9, respectively). (ahajournals.org)
Citrullination of specific myofilament proteins in HF can have dramatic effect on modulating actin filament integrity and myosin function and tropomyosin action on myofilament regulation. (ahajournals.org)
Many myosin light chains that bind calcium are considered "calmodulin-like" proteins. (harvard.edu)
Myofibrils consist of contractile proteins called SARCOMERES Name the two types and what they're composed of: THICK FILAMENTS composed of MYOSIN THIN FILAMENTS composed of ACTIN 8. (majortests.com)
At first, I purified actomyosin preparations, which were thought to be composed of actin, myosin, and regulatory proteins. (thefreelibrary.com)
A gene on chromosome 19p13.1 that encodes a protein belonging to the myosin family of actin-based molecular motor heavy chain proteins, which binds calmodulin, which serves as a light chain. (thefreedictionary.com)
Although several myofilament proteins are modified by protein phosphorylation, the 18-kDa myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) has special significance. (ahajournals.org)
In general, myosins are protein complexes consisting of one or more myosin heavy chains, associated light chains and other proteins. (rockland-inc.com)
The gene for myosin light chain kinase encodes three proteins: MLCK210, MLCK108, and telokin/kinase-related protein (KRP). (springer.com)
Organization of the genetic locus for chicken myosin light chain kinase is complex: multiple proteins are encoded and exhibit differential expression and localization. (springer.com)
The morphological diversity and distinct dynamics of mammalian actin structures are established by coordinating the targeting and activation of actin filament nucleators, elongators and associated myosin motor proteins. (biologists.org)
After a 4-year postdoc in the lab of Prof. Jerry Hyams studying myosin actin associated motor proteins he was awarded a BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship and moved to the University of Kent to continue research on these conserved molecular motors. (babraham.ac.uk)
Myosins are actin-based motor proteins involved in many cellular movements. (ncbs.res.in)
The identification of large classes of myosins in Oomycetes, Cellular slime molds, Choanoflagellates, Pelagophytes, Eustigmatophyceae, Fonticula, Eucoccidiorida, and Apicomplexans with novel myosin motif variants that are conserved and thus presumably functional extends our knowledge of this important family of motor proteins. (ncbs.res.in)
The activity of the myosin light chain phosphatase in dephosphorylation of myosin light chains was first demonstrated using proteins isolated from the turkey gizzard (Pato and Kerc 1985). (reactome.org)

Nevertheless, the association of MLCs with the neck region of MHCs is necessary for the assembly of the macromolecular complexes that result in the functional motor protein, myosin. (wikipedia.org)
Myosin light-chain kinase also known as MYLK or MLCK is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that phosphorylates a specific myosin light chain, namely, the regulatory light chain of myosin II. (wikipedia.org)
After the influx of calcium ions and the binding to calmodulin, pp60 SRC (a protein kinase)causes a conformational change in MYLK, activating it and resulting in an increase in phosphorylation of myosin light chain at serine residue 19. (wikipedia.org)
Rho kinase also modulates the activity of MYLK by downregulating the activity of MYLK's counterpart protein: Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase (MYLP). (wikipedia.org)
In addition to downregulation of MYLK, ROCK indirectly strengthens actin/myosin contraction through inhibiting Cofilin, a protein which depolymerizes actin stress fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Another source of smooth muscle disorders like ischemia-reperfusion, hypertension, and coronary artery disease arise when mutations to protein kinase C (PKC) result in excessive inhibition of MYLP, which counteracts the activity of MYLK by dephosphorylating myosin light chain. (wikipedia.org)
Because myosin light chain has no inherent phosphate cleaving property over active PKC prevents the dephosphorylation of myosin light protein leaving it in the activated conformation, causing an increase in smooth muscle contraction. (wikipedia.org)
This protein makes up part of the sarcomere and forms macromolecular filaments composed of multiple myosin subunits. (wikipedia.org)
myosin A contractile protein that interacts with actin to bring about contraction of muscle or cell movement. (encyclopedia.com)
myosin The predominant protein of the myofibrils of muscle cells. (encyclopedia.com)
The antibody was staining a 120 kDa nuclear protein with ATPase activity, and the protein was ATP-, actin-, and calmodulin- binding, which are the typical features of unconventional myosins. (springer.com)
At that time, there were no myosins known to be present in the cell nucleus, hence the discovered protein was called nuclear myosin I (Pestic-Dragovich et al. (springer.com)
2000 ). The mass spectrometric analysis of the NM1 showed a high homology to the Myosin 1c (Myo1c) protein, the first single-headed myosin isolated from mammals, also known as mammalian myosin I, or myosin 1β. (springer.com)
This condition is characterized by the formation of protein clumps, which contain a protein called myosin, within certain muscle fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
The MYH7 gene provides instructions for making a protein known as the cardiac beta (β)-myosin heavy chain. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the MYH7 gene lead to the production of an altered cardiac β-myosin heavy chain protein, which is thought to be less able to form thick filaments. (medlineplus.gov)
The Dictyostelium CARMIL protein links capping protein and the Arp2/3 complex to type I myosins through their SH3 domains. (springer.com)
In the first phase of ontogenesis, the level of myosin in piglets intact platelets was also low, accounting for 10.9 [+ or -] 0.09% of the total protein content in the platelet, reaching 18.3[+ or -]0.09% of the total protein content of the platelet by 12 months. (thefreedictionary.com)
More than 80 MYO7A mutations have been identified and are known to inherit in a recessive manner.11 This gene encode protein, the myosin VIIA, expressed in inner ear, retina, testis and lungs. (thefreedictionary.com)
In meat samples, the main protein bands identified in the range of molecular weights from 250 to 10kDa were myosin heavy chain (MHC), [alpha]-actinin ([alpha]-act), desmin, actin (ACT), troponin T (TnT), tropomyosin (TPM), myosin light chains 1 (MLC1), troponin C (TnC), and myosin light chains 2 (MLC2). (thefreedictionary.com)
Myosin III is an actin-based motor protein with protein kinase activity [ PMID: 12672820 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
Class III myosins are characterized by the presence of an N-terminal protein kinase domain before their motor head domain. (ebi.ac.uk)
Determination of human myosin III as a motor protein having a protein kinase activity. (ebi.ac.uk)
Myosin storage myopathy is a protein aggregate myopathy associated with the characteristic subsarcolemmal accumulation of myosin heavy chain in muscle fibers. (gu.se)
While L1793P mutant myosin protein efficiently incorporated into the sarcomeric thick filaments, R1845W and H1901L mutants were prone to formation of myosin aggregates without assembly into striated sarcomeric thick filaments in cultured muscle cells. (gu.se)
By Western blot, this antibody detects an ~220 kDa protein representing myosin VIIa from mouse testes preparations. (abcam.com)
Structural features of myosin VIIa protein include an ATP binding N-terminal motor domain, a central region which possess five light-chain binding (IQ) motifs, and a C-terminal domain with three myosin tail homology (MyTH4) and talin-like homology regions. (abcam.com)
Here we report the identification in C. elegans of nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain (designated NMY-2) by means of its interaction with the PAR-1 protein, a putative Ser/Thr protein kinase. (nih.gov)
The motor protein myosin , for example, is involved in the the contraction of muscle fibers in animals. (wordnik.com)
Tail domains have various functions in different myosin classes, including dimerization and other protein-protein interactions. (wikibooks.org)
Myosin is a common protein found in the muscles which are responsible for making the muscle contract and relax. (wikibooks.org)
Maegen A. Ackermann and Aikaterini Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos, "Myosin Binding Protein-C: A Regulator of Actomyosin Interaction in Striated Muscle," Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology , vol. 2011, Article ID 636403, 9 pages, 2011. (hindawi.com)
The rabbit monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the carboxy terminus of human myosin light chain 2 protein. (cellsignal.com)
Myosin is a hexameric protein that consists of 2 heavy chain subunits (MHC), 2 alkali light chain subunits (MLC) and 2 regulatory light chain subunits (MLC-2). (pathwaycommons.org)
Each Myosin heavy chain 15 Peptide and Myosin heavy chain 15 Protein is fully covered by our Guarantee+, to give you complete peace of mind and the support when you need it. (novusbio.com)
Myosin is the major contractile protein in muscle. (diva-portal.org)
Myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C), plays a physiological role in regulating contraction. (diva-portal.org)
Name the two types and what theyre composed of ____ thin filament ___________ composed of ______ The protein Actin _____________ _______ thick filament ________ composed of _____ The protein myosin. (majortests.com)
Myosin light chain 3, or MYL3 for short, consists of a 195 amino acid isoform that is 22 kDa, and is involved in the regulation of Myosin, which is a protein that conducts ATP hydrolysis. (novusbio.com)
Physarum was a good model organism for protein chemistry, because it can be cultured in the lab in large quantities, (2) and because the procedures for purifying actin (3) and myosin (4) were similar to those for skeletal muscle. (thefreelibrary.com)
This affinity purified antibody was prepared from whole rabbit serum produced by repeated immunizations with a synthetic peptide corresponding to an internal region of human Myosin 1G protein. (rockland-inc.com)
By western blot a band approximately 100 kDa in size corresponding to Myosin 1G protein is expected in the appropriate cell lysate or extract. (rockland-inc.com)
This affinity-purified antibody is directed against human Myosin 1G protein. (rockland-inc.com)
The first protein discovered was MLCK108 (Mr = 110-140 kDa) as a major cytoplasmic component of smooth muscle and responsible for smooth muscle contractility through the phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin (Lukas et al. (springer.com)
A kinase-related protein stabilizes unphosphorylated smooth muscle myosin minifilaments in the presence of ATP. (springer.com)
Myosin protein (orange structure) is used to transfer energy in cells. (sciencephoto.com)
Actin and myosin are protein filaments that functions in the presence of calcium ions.actin and myosin are the striations in skeletal muscles. (differencebetween.net)
This myosin molecule is a very big protein composed of two similar chains that are heavy and two pairs of chains that are light. (differencebetween.net)
Effects of C-protein on synthetic myosin filament structure. (semanticscholar.org)
HCM can be caused by disparate mutated genes in myosin - a fibrous protein involved in the motion of muscle cells and others - and myosin-related molecules, so giving the same treatment to a heterogeneous group of patients can lead to discrepancies in the treatment's effectiveness. (stanforddaily.com)
Determination of the critical residues responsible for cardiac myosin binding protein C's interactions. (biomedsearch.com)
Despite early demonstrations of myosin binding protein C's (MyBP-C) interaction with actin, different investigators have reached different conclusions regarding the relevant and necessary domains mediating this binding. (biomedsearch.com)
Tonic protein kinase A activity maintains inactive beta2 integrins in unstimulated neutrophils by reducing myosin light-chain phosphorylation: role of myosin light-chain kinase and Rho kinase. (thefreedictionary.com)
Better understood is the case of the melanosome where Rab27a recruits a specific effector called melanophilin, which in turn binds myosin Va. The presence of a linker protein between a Rab and a myosin may represent a general mechanism. (ovid.com)
MYBPC1 encodes a member of the myosin-binding protein C family. (antikoerper-online.de)
Zusätzlich bieten wir Ihnen Myosin Binding Protein C, Slow Type Proteine (5) und Myosin Binding Protein C, Slow Type Kits (4) und viele weitere Produktgruppen zu diesem Protein an. (antikoerper-online.de)
Ackermann, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos: Myosin binding protein-C slow is a novel substrate for protein kinase A (PKA) and C (PKC) in skeletal muscle. (antikoerper-online.de)
Myosin regulatory light chain 5 (MYL5) is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein. (prospecbio.com)

Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitors are one of the few peptides that can cross the plasma membrane relatively quickly. (wikipedia.org)
Myosin light-chain kinase Myosin-light-chain phosphatase Myosin+Light+Chains at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Zhang Y (June 2010). (wikipedia.org)
This myosin binding domain is located at the C-Terminus end of the kinase. (wikipedia.org)
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3beta phosphorylates and protects nuclear myosin 1c from proteasome-mediated degradation to activate rDNA transcription in early G1 cells. (springer.com)
The level of myosin II phosphorylation is determined by activities of myosin light chain kinase and myosin phosphatase (MP). (biomedsearch.com)
Your search returned 5 myosin, light polypeptide kinase 2, skeletal muscle Biomolecules across 4 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
Myosin Light Chain Kinase Inhibitors " has 4 results in Products. (rndsystems.com)
MicroRNA regulation of nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase expression in human lung endothelium. (springer.com)
Basu S, Proweller A. Autoregulatory control of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase promoter by notch signaling. (springer.com)
Cunningham KE, Turner JR. Myosin light chain kinase: pulling the strings of epithelial tight junction function. (springer.com)
The long myosin light chain kinase is differentially phosphorylated during interphase and mitosis. (springer.com)
Herring BP, El-Mounayri O, Gallagher PJ, Yin F, Zhou J. Regulation of myosin light chain kinase and telokin expression in smooth muscle tissues. (springer.com)
Myosin light chain kinase (210 kDa) is a potential cytoskeleton integrator through its unique N-terminal domain. (springer.com)
Sp1-mediated nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase expression and enhanced activity in vascular endothelial growth factor-induced vascular permeability. (springer.com)
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) induces contraction of the perijunctional apical actomyosin ring in response to phosphorylation of the myosin light chain. (frontiersin.org)
Role of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in selected diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Contractile activity in the smooth muscle is regulated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of Myosin light chain by Myosin light chain kinase. (prospecbio.com)

It is thought that MLCK phosphorylates endothelial myosin, leading to cell contraction. (wikipedia.org)
The phosphorylation of MLC will enable the myosin crossbridge to bind to the actin filament and allow contraction to begin (through the crossbridge cycle). (wikipedia.org)
Reducing intracellular calcium concentration inactivates MLCK but does not stop smooth muscle contraction since the myosin light chain has been physically modified through phosphorylation(and not via ATPase activity). (wikipedia.org)
Dephosphorylation of the myosin light chain (and subsequent termination of muscle contraction) occurs through activity of a second enzyme known as myosin light-chain phosphatase (MLCP). (wikipedia.org)
Within the cells, MYLK provides an inward pulling force, phosphorylating myosin light chain causing a contraction of the myosin/actin stress fiber complex. (wikipedia.org)
This also makes what is called tropomyosin, which is the combination of the myosin and troponin come together during the muscle contraction. (smore.com)
Phosphorylation of myosin II plays an important role in many cell functions, including smooth muscle contraction. (biomedsearch.com)
As the structural and thermodynamic data about ATP mounted, combined with the enzymatic information and the discovery of myosin , Meyerhof was finally in a position to formally propose that the release of energy in ATP hydrolysis was the primary event leading to muscle contraction and that lactic acid and creatine phosphate were only indirectly involved through their role of maintaining the ATP cycle. (wordnik.com)
This relative movement between myosin and actin is what results in muscle contraction. (wikibooks.org)
Myosin II is essential for muscle contraction and cytokinesis but other members of the myosin superfamily play roles in phagocytosis, cortical cell tension, signal transduction, endocytosis, exocytosis, and intracellular vesicle transport. (esrf.eu)
Myosin light chain 3 has been linked to the RhoA pathway, as well as PKA signaling, growth cone motility, cell adhesion, cardiac muscle contraction, and cytoskeleton remodeling. (novusbio.com)
Biophysical and biochemical studies have found that OM increases calcium (Ca2+) sensitivity of contraction by prolonging the myosin working stroke and increasing the actin-myosin cross-bridge duty ratio. (unboundmedicine.com)
Muscle contraction where actin and myosin functions, are best explained under the sliding filament theory. (differencebetween.net)
ATP is needed by myosin to crawl along to actin to create mechanical energy or what we call earlier as muscle contraction. (differencebetween.net)
1.Actin and myosin are found in muscles and function for muscle contraction. (differencebetween.net)
X-ray diffraction evidence for the extensibility of actin and myosin filaments during muscle contraction. (semanticscholar.org)

An unconventional myosin in Drosophila reverses the default handedness in visceral organs. (springer.com)
Both calmodulin and the unconventional myosin Myr4 regulate membrane trafficking along the recycling pathway of MDCK cells. (springer.com)
Recently, it has been shown that a gene encoding an unconventional myosin, myosin VIIA, underlies the mouse recessive deafness mutation, shaker-1 (ref. 5) as well as Usher syndrome type 1b 6 . (nature.com)
Based on kinetic evidence that an unconventional myosin, class V myosin, populates a unique state in the absence of nucleotide and actin, we hypothesised that its high resolution structure could for the first time reveal features of a strong actin-binding, force generating state. (esrf.eu)
Myosin 1G is an unconventional myosin that is restricted to hematopoietic cells. (rockland-inc.com)

Cardiac β-myosin heavy chain is the major component of the thick filament in muscle cell structures called sarcomeres . (medlineplus.gov)
Because of lacking cardio specificity, we abandoned the myosin light chain work and in 1989 finally published our work on the assay development for cardiac troponin T (cTnT) jointly with Boehringer Mannheim (3). (thefreedictionary.com)
Mutations located in the distal end of the tail of slow/beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain are associated with myosin storage myopathy. (gu.se)
Cytokinetics, Incorporated (Nasdaq: CYTK) announced today the publication of preclinical research in the March 18, 2011 issue of the journal Science regarding the activation of cardiac myosin by an investigational drug candidate, omecamtiv mecarbil, and the potential therapeutic role that this novel mechanism may play for patients with systolic heart failure. (redorbit.com)
The publication titled, "Cardiac Myosin Activation: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Systolic Heart Failure," discusses the potential clinical role for therapies that directly activate cardiac myosin in the treatment of systolic heart failure. (redorbit.com)
Omecamtiv mecarbil, a small-molecule, direct activator of cardiac myosin, was developed to address these limitations. (redorbit.com)
The authors concluded that cardiac myosin activation may provide a new therapeutic approach for patients with systolic heart failure. (redorbit.com)
Omecamtiv mecarbil, a novel cardiac muscle myosin activator, has been the subject of a clinical trials program comprised of multiple Phase I and Phase IIa trials conducted under Cytokinetics' sponsorship. (redorbit.com)
The antibodies do not cross-react with the cardiac isoform of Myosin Light Chain 2. (cellsignal.com)
CK-274 is a novel cardiac myosin inhibitor, discovered by company scientists, in development for the potential treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). (yahoo.com)
CK-274 is a novel, oral, small molecule cardiac myosin inhibitor that company scientists discovered independent of its collaborations. (yahoo.com)
In preclinical models, CK-274 reduces myocardial contractility by binding directly to cardiac myosin at a distinct and selective allosteric binding site, thereby preventing myosin from entering a force producing state. (yahoo.com)
CK-274 reduces the number of active actin-myosin cross bridges during each cardiac cycle and consequently reduces myocardial contractility. (yahoo.com)
Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) is a compound that has been developed to treat systolic heart failure via targeting the cardiac myosin heavy chain to increase myocardial contractility. (unboundmedicine.com)

Nuclear myosin 1c facilitates the chromatin modifications required to activate rRNA gene transcription and cell cycle progression. (springer.com)
Mutations in the MYH7 gene cause myosin storage myopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
Transient kinetic analysis of the 130-kDa myosin I (myr 1 gene product) from rat liver: a myosin I designed for maintenance of tension? (springer.com)
The diversity of the myosin family in a single organism, Dictyostelium discoideum, has been investigated by a strategy devised to rapidly identify and clone additional members of a gene family. (pnas.org)
In C. elegans, mutant alleles of the myosin heavy chain gene unc-54 corresponding to R1845W, E1883K and H1901L, were as effective as the wild-type myosin gene in rescuing the null mutant worms, indicating that they retain functionality. (gu.se)
A type VII myosin encoded by the mouse deafness gene shaker-1. (nature.com)
Defective myosin VIIA gene responsible for Usher syndrome type 1B. (nature.com)
Liu, X.Z., Newton, V.E., Steel, K.P. & Brown, S.D.M. Identification of a new mutation of the head region of myosin VII gene in Usher syndrome type 1. (nature.com)
Defects in the myosin VIIa gene are responsible for hearing impairment in shaker-1 (sh1) mice and causes Usher syndrome IB in humans. (abcam.com)
Sequence requirements for myosin gene expression and regulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. (genetics.org)
We have used transformation-rescue and lacZ fusion assays to determine sequence requirements for regulated myosin gene expression during development. (genetics.org)
To further characterize the myosin gene promoters and to examine the types of enhancer sequences in the genome, we have initiated a screen of C. elegans genomic DNA for fragments capable of enhancing the myo-2 promoter. (genetics.org)
We have isolated spontaneous mutations affecting the unc-54 major myosin heavy chain gene of Caenorhabditis elegans (variety Bristol). (genetics.org)
Telokin/KRP is an independently expressed nonkinase gene product containing the C-terminus of MLCK, and functions as a myosin-binding and. (springer.com)
Myosin XIX gene silencers are available as Myosin XIX CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout plasmids and Myosin XIX Double Nickase Plasmids. (scbt.com)
Myosin XIX CRISPR/dCas9 Activation Plasmids and CRISPR Lenti Activation Systems for gene activation are also available. (scbt.com)

Armel TZ, Leinwand LA. Mutations in the beta-myosin rod cause myosin storage myopathy via multiple mechanisms. (medlineplus.gov)
Embryonic myosin heavy-chain mutations cause distal arthrogryposis and developmental myosin myopathy that persists postnatally. (gu.se)
CONCLUSIONS: Distal arthrogryposis associated with MYH3 mutations is secondary to myosin myopathy, and postnatal muscle manifestations are variable. (gu.se)
Mutations introduced into the ATPase domain of non-muscle myosin-2 (NMY-2, the sole myosin required for early cytokinesis) bind to actin but fail to translocate it in vitro . (biologists.org)
The discovery that mutations in myosin and actin genes, together with mutations in the other components of the muscle sarcomere, are responsible for a range of inherited muscle diseases (myopathies) has revolutionized the study of muscle, converting it from a subject of basic science to a relevant subject for clinical study and has been responsible for a great increase of interest in muscle studies. (mdpi.com)
Myopathies are linked to mutations in five of the myosin heavy chain genes, three of the myosin light chain genes, and three of the actin genes. (mdpi.com)
To address this problem, biochemistry professor James Spudich Ph.D. '68, pediatrics and cardiology professor Daniel Bernstein and cardiovascular medicine associate professor Sean Wu B.S. '92 led a research project focusing on how mutations in myosin - specifically in the heart - lead to the development of HCM. (stanforddaily.com)
We are examining this problem at multiple different scales: from the individual molecule to the cell to the tissue, to figure out why these mutations [in myosin] cause life-threatening diseases like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy," Bernstein said. (stanforddaily.com)
Equipped with the RM1 grant, the team is transitioning its research from figuring out the mechanism of mutations in myosin to identifying potential methods that would disrupt the pathological mechanism. (stanforddaily.com)
The team has also expanded its research on myosin to developing a greater understanding of not only the effects of myosin mutations on heart muscles, but on skeletal muscles and other myosin-related organs in the human body as well. (stanforddaily.com)

Presumably this is so the myosins may interact, via their tails, with a large number of different cargoes, while the goal in each case - to move along actin filaments - remains the same and therefore requires the same machinery in the motor. (wikipedia.org)
This location is critical for the proper assembly of sarcomeric myosin rod filaments. (gu.se)
Here we study how the collective action of myosin motors organizes actin filaments into contractile structures in a simplified model system devoid of biochemical regulation. (pnas.org)
Actin-myosin II solutions remain disordered at high levels of ATP ( 12 ⇓ - 14 ) and generate dense condensates that appear internally unstructured if the ATP level is lowered or when the actin filaments are cross-linked ( 15 ⇓ ⇓ - 18 ). (pnas.org)
When myosin is activated, the contractile filaments slide apart and the muscle cell relaxes. (wordnik.com)
Skeletal muscles contain many muscle fibers and these muscle fibers are actually made up of myofibrils, bundles of thick myosin filaments and thin actin filaments. (wikibooks.org)
One region is called the A-bands and only consist of myosin filaments. (wikibooks.org)
Actin filaments from the I-bands become very short while myosin filaments from the A-bands do not change in length. (wikibooks.org)
The actin filaments are actually sliding towards the H-zone and the A-bands thus creating an overlap of myosin and actin filaments. (wikibooks.org)
As this overlap occurs, myosin filaments are binding to the actin filaments, allowing myosin to function as the driving motor of filament sliding. (wikibooks.org)
Myosin I appears to cross-link actin filaments to control the tension inside each stereocilium. (wikibooks.org)
The ratcheting activity of this myosin motor along the actin filaments may adjust the sensitivity of the hair cells to different sounds. (wikibooks.org)
Other types of myosin use their motor activity to redistribute cellular constituents along the length of the actin filaments. (wikibooks.org)
Myosins are molecular motors that use cellular ATP to power interactions with actin filaments and create force and directed movement. (esrf.eu)
Myosins function as molecular motors and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments. (rockland-inc.com)
Myosin filaments are responsible for the dark bands or striations, referred as H zone. (differencebetween.net)
The head of a myosin which is globular attaches to actin filaments on proper sites. (differencebetween.net)
In the sliding theory, actin and myosin filaments slide past each other. (differencebetween.net)
When the fibers of the muscles are stimulated by the nervous system, the heads of the myosin attach to the binding sites on the lean filaments, and the sliding starts. (differencebetween.net)
X-ray evidence for conformational changes in the myosin filaments of vertebrate striated muscle. (semanticscholar.org)
Moreover, quantitative analysis of filament shape change over time revealed that myosin XI generates the force for buckling and straightening of both single actin filaments and actin bundles. (plantphysiol.org)
Unlike animal cells, which use microtubules as tracks for long-distance transport, plants use predominantly actin filaments and myosin motors for vesicle trafficking and organelle positioning ( Schuh, 2011 ). (plantphysiol.org)
In addition to myosin XI, a functional network of dynamic actin filaments is critical for vesicle trafficking. (plantphysiol.org)
Actin filaments or bundles provide the tracks for myosins to processively translocate using the energy of ATP hydrolysis. (plantphysiol.org)
We find that contact times increase from isoforms C to B to A, that A-B-heterodimers are surprisingly stable and that myosin 18A should incorporate into mixed filaments with a small stagger. (unboundmedicine.com)
Our findings suggest that nonmuscle myosin II minifilaments in the cell are first formed by isoform A and then convert to mixed A-B-filaments, as observed experimentally. (unboundmedicine.com)
Skeletal muscle fibre with exposed intracellular actin myosin filaments, scanning electron micrograph (SEM). (sciencephoto.com)
The muscle fibre was cut perpendicular to its length to expose the intracellular actin myosin filaments. (sciencephoto.com)
Muscle fibres are composed of myofibrils that are composed of actin and myosin filaments. (sciencephoto.com)

Regional alterations in the expression of smooth muscle myosin isoforms in response to partial bladder outlet obstruction. (wordnik.com)
Up-regulation of transcription of smooth muscle myosin alkali lig. (ingentaconnect.com)
The antibodies in the Myosin Light Chain 2 Antibody Sampler Kit detect endogenous levels of total myosin light chain 2 (smooth muscle), myosin light chain 2 when phosphorylated at Ser19 or when dually phosphorylated at Thr18 and Ser19, respectively. (cellsignal.com)
A smooth-muscle myosin heavy-chain assay is performed in the first 24 hours. (medscape.com)
The smooth muscle myosin heavy-chain assay has greater sensitivity and specificity than transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), CT, and aortography, but it has less sensitivity and specificity than transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), MRI, and helical CT. (medscape.com)

A myosin I isoform in the nucleus. (springer.com)
Wu HY, Zderic SA, Wein AJ, Chacko S: Decrease in maximal force generation in the neonatal mouse bladder corresponds to shift in myosin heavy chain isoform composition. (wordnik.com)
Austin JC, Chacko SK, DiSanto M, Canning DA, Zderic SA: A male murine model of partial bladder outlet obstruction reveals changes in detrusor morphology, contractility and myosin isoform expression. (wordnik.com)
1998) Correlation between contractile strength and myosin heavy chain isoform composition in human skeletal muscle. (acronymfinder.com)
Myosin heavy chain isoform expression following reduced neuromuscular activity: Potential regulatory mechanisms. (acronymfinder.com)
Myosin light chain 6B, Myosin light chain 1 slow-twitch muscle A isoform, MLC1sa, Smooth muscle and nonmuscle myosin light chain alkali 6B, MYL6B, MLC1SA. (prospecbio.com)

Myosin phosphatase: structure, regulation and function. (biomedsearch.com)
Confocal immunofluorescent images of HeLa cells, untreated (left) or phosphatase-treated (right), labeled with Phospho-Myosin Light Chain 2 (Ser19) Antibody (green). (cellsignal.com)
This targeting domain of MLCP, which is termed myosin binding site (MBS) or myosin phosphatase targeting peptide, binds to myosin or MLC2 and promotes catalytic activity of the 37-kDa domain. (ahajournals.org)
Molecular mechanism of telokin-mediated disinhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase and cAMP/cGMP-induced relaxation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. (springer.com)
Myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) is an enzyme important to regulation of cell cycle and motility that is shown to be upregulated in aggressive prostate cancer cells and tissue. (frontiersin.org)
Our initial aim of this study is to develop a small molecule inhibitor of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) that causes a reduction in cancer cell growth. (frontiersin.org)

This peptide may be used for neutralization and control experiments with the polyclonal antibody that reacts with this product and myosin VIIa, catalog ab3481 . (abcam.com)
This antibody detects recombinant mouse myosin VIIa overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell lysate. (abcam.com)
Western blot analysis of extracts from HEK293 cells stimulated with ionophore A23187 for the indicated times, using Phospho-Myosin Light Chain 2 (Ser19) Antibody. (cellsignal.com)
The Myosin Light Chain 2 Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means to detect total, phosphorylated, and dual-phosphorylated myosin light chain 2. (cellsignal.com)
Suitable for immunohistochemical applications, Western blotting and immunoprecipitation studies.Anti-Myosin antibody, from rabbit, is used in chemiluminescent western blot (1:200, using whole cell extracts of cultured dog MDCK kidney cells, cultured rat NRK cells, and cultured human Jurkat cells). (alfa.com)

Myosin light chains were discovered by Chinese biochemist Cao Tianqin (Tien-chin Tsao) when he was a graduate student at the University of Cambridge in England. (wikipedia.org)
Myosin light chains (MLCs) can be broadly classified into two groups: Essential or alkali MLC (MLC1 or ELC), Regulatory MLC (MLC2 or RLC). (wikipedia.org)
MLCs are structurally and functionally distinct from myosin heavy chains (MHCs). (wikipedia.org)
A myosin complex containing one or more class XVII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. (semanticscholar.org)
Myosin Light Chains" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
The smaller subunits of MYOSINS that bind near the head groups of MYOSIN HEAVY CHAINS. (harvard.edu)
The myosin light chains have a molecular weight of about 20 KDa and there are usually one essential and one regulatory pair of light chains associated with each heavy chain. (harvard.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Myosin Light Chains" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Myosin Light Chains" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Myosin Light Chains" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
Myosin is comprised of 2 heavy chains, 2 nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and 2 phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. (prospecbio.com)
The reconstitution of myosin with MYL5 or alkali light chain increases filament velocity to intermediate rates, and the re-addition of both classes of light chains fully reinstates the original sliding pace. (prospecbio.com)

Most myosin molecules are composed of a head , neck, and tail domain. (wikipedia.org)
The tail domain generally mediates interaction with cargo molecules and/or other myosin subunits . (wikipedia.org)
Multiple myosin II molecules generate force in skeletal muscle through a power stroke mechanism fuelled by the energy released from ATP hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
Are class III and class IX myosins motorized signalling molecules? (ebi.ac.uk)
Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. (abcam.com)
2. The myosin head contains binding sites for what two molecules a. (majortests.com)
Myosin filament, on the other hand is composed of bundles of myosin molecules. (differencebetween.net)
In muscles, two myosin molecules are required. (differencebetween.net)

Recent experiments with super-resolution live cell microscopy revealed that nonmuscle myosin II minifilaments are much more dynamic than formerly appreciated, often showing plastic processes such as splitting, concatenation and stacking. (unboundmedicine.com)

In apicomplexan parasites, actin-disrupting drugs and the inhibitor of myosin heavy chain ATPase, 2,3-butanedione monoxime, have been shown to interfere with host cell invasion by inhibiting parasite gliding motility. (rupress.org)
F-actin-tropomyosin binding, tropomyosin-actin-myosin, actin-myosin and myosin ATPase activity assays, and F-actin stability assays were carried out. (ahajournals.org)
Furthermore, citrullination of myosin HMM is not essential for actin affinity, although it modulate ATPase activation (p=0.3). (ahajournals.org)
Contrary, the ATPase activity is increase by pretreatment of actin (but not myosin) with PAD2 (p=0.09). (ahajournals.org)
Myosin hydrolyses ATP in states that have a weak affinity for actin, and strain is produced when myosin rebinds to the actin filament, which accelerates the release of the ATPase products from the motor. (esrf.eu)
Myosins have magnesium-ATPase activity and bind actin. (rockland-inc.com)
Heads of myosin contain ATPase that converts ATP to ADP. (differencebetween.net)

[3] Following the discovery by Pollard and Korn (1973) of enzymes with myosin-like function in Acanthamoeba castellanii , a global range of divergent myosin genes have been discovered throughout the realm of eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
The wide variety of myosin genes found throughout the eukaryotic phyla were named according to different schemes as they were discovered. (wikipedia.org)
Sequence analysis and physical mapping of these clones confirm that these PCR products are derived from four previously unidentified myosin genes. (pnas.org)
Preliminary analysis of these sequences suggests that at least one of the genes (myoJ) encodes a member of a potentially different class of myosins. (pnas.org)
Deletion of the genes MYO3 and MYO5 , which encode the yeast type I myosins, almost abolished growth. (sciencemag.org)
Discover related pathways, diseases and genes to Myosin light chain 3. (novusbio.com)
Here, using high spatiotemporal imaging of living cells, we quantitatively assessed the architecture and dynamic behavior of cortical actin arrays in a mutant with three Myosin XI ( XI-1 , XI-2 , and XI-K ) genes knocked out ( xi3KO ). (plantphysiol.org)

The conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy is intervened by changes in the myosin shape leading to ATP binding to the actin. (differencebetween.net)

Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. (abcam.com)
Calcium inhibition as an intracellular signal for actin-myosin interaction. (thefreelibrary.com)
Plant cell expansion relies on intracellular trafficking of vesicles and macromolecules, which requires myosin motors and a dynamic actin network. (plantphysiol.org)

[5] The power stroke occurs at the release of phosphate from the myosin molecule after the ATP hydrolysis while myosin is tightly bound to actin. (wikipedia.org)
The release of the ADP molecule leads to the so-called rigor state of myosin. (wikipedia.org)
[6] The binding of a new ATP molecule will release myosin from actin. (wikipedia.org)
Binding of a new molecule of ATP to myosin head triggers it to let go of actin and the cycle starts all over again. (wikibooks.org)
The myosin V structure reveals at atomic resolution how the major cleft in the molecule closes and leads to a new actin-binding interface. (esrf.eu)
The thick filament is composed of what molecule MYOSIN b. (majortests.com)
Which molecule has a binding site for myosin heads ACTIN b. (majortests.com)
What molecule must bind to the myosin head in order for it to disconnect with Actin ATP 5. (majortests.com)
Hydrolysis of the molecule in question 4 returns the myosin molecule to the HIGH ENERGY confirmation. (majortests.com)
Myosin is a molecule-sized muscle that uses chemical energy to perform motions. (sciencephoto.com)

Human Usher Ib/mouse shaker-1: the retinal phenotype discrepancy explained by the presence/absence of myosin VIIA in the photoreceptor cells. (nature.com)
Myosin VIIA mutation screening in 189 Usher syndrome type 1 patients. (nature.com)
In retina, myosin VIIa may play a role in trafficking of ribbon-synaptic vesicle complexes and renewal of the outer photoreceptors disks. (abcam.com)
Detects Myosin VIIa from mouse tissues as well as recombinant. (abcam.com)
Synthetic peptide corresponding to Mouse Myosin VIIa aa 16-31. (abcam.com)
Detects a band of approximately 220 kDa.Can be blocked with Myosin VIIa peptide (ab4996) . (abcam.com)

Skeletal muscle myosin, the most conspicuous of the myosin superfamily due to its abundance in muscle fibers , was the first to be discovered. (wikipedia.org)

Virtually all eukaryotic cells contain myosin isoforms . (wikipedia.org)
Specific nuclear localizing sequence directs two myosin isoforms to the cell nucleus in calmodulin-sensitive manner. (springer.com)
Tissue specific expression of Myosin IC Isoforms. (springer.com)
Mouse nuclear myosin I knock-out shows interchangeability and redundancy of myosin isoforms in the cell nucleus. (springer.com)
The expression of myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) isoforms is developmentally regulated. (gu.se)
The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms are the best molecular markers of functional heterogeneity of muscle fibers. (diva-portal.org)

The head domain binds the filamentous actin , and uses ATP hydrolysis to generate force and to "walk" along the filament towards the barbed (+) end (with the exception of myosin VI, which moves towards the pointed (-) end). (wikipedia.org)
BACKGROUND: Myosin is a molecular motor and the essential part of the thick filament of striated muscle. (gu.se)
6. Binding of the myosin heads sequentially prevents CROSS BRIDGE BINDING of the thin filament. (majortests.com)
Sliding Filament Theory and Muscle Tissues study guide Front Back Binding of the myosin head sequentailly prevents "_____________" of the thin filament. (majortests.com)
The A band is the length of myosin filament. (differencebetween.net)
The M line is the central myosin filament thickening. (differencebetween.net)
The calcium ions are the one setting off the binding of myosin to actin commencing filament sliding. (differencebetween.net)
Myosin filament assembly in an ever-changing myofilament lattice of smooth muscle. (semanticscholar.org)
M-region structure and myosin filament symmetry. (semanticscholar.org)
Thus, our data provide genetic evidence that three Arabidopsis class XI myosins contribute to actin remodeling by stimulating turnover and generating the force for filament shape change. (plantphysiol.org)

Myosin motors interact with filamentous actin (F-actin) to form complex arrays such as the contractile ring driving cell division ( 3 , 4 ) and contractile networks that drive cell migration ( 4 ) and polarizing cortical flows ( 5 , 6 ). (pnas.org)
Fig. 23: Structural states of myosin during the contractile cycle. (esrf.eu)
Cell division concludes with cytokinesis, a process driven by a contractile ring of actin and myosin that lies underneath the plasma membrane at the cell's equator. (biologists.org)

ABSTRACT We propose a molecular mechanism of force generation in muscle, based primarily on site-specific spectroscopic probe studies of myosin heads in contracting muscle fibers and myofibrils. (majortests.com)

ADP dissociation leaves the myosin head tightly bound to actin. (wikibooks.org)
1-Without bound nucleotide, myosin is strongly bound to actin (rigor state). (esrf.eu)
5- Myosin is again strongly bound to actin without nucleotide bound. (esrf.eu)
However, since force production occurs when myosin is strongly bound to actin, details of the strongly-bound states of myosin are essential to understand how force is produced. (esrf.eu)

The chromatin remodelling complex WSTF-SNF2h interacts with nuclear myosin 1 and has a role in RNA polymerase I transcription. (springer.com)
Myosin-1c interacts with hair-cell receptors through its calmodulin-binding IQ domains. (springer.com)
Interacts with calmodulin (CMD1) and the myosin light chain MLC1 through its IQ repeats. (rcsb.org)
MYL6B usually interacts with Myosin Va, an Actin based motor which moves in large steps. (prospecbio.com)

Anderson BL, Boldogh I, Evangelista M, Boone C, Greene LA, Pon LA. The Src homology domain 3 (SH3) of a yeast type I myosin, Myo5p, binds to verprolin and is required for targeting to sites of actin polarization. (springer.com)
In this publication, the authors demonstrated that omecamtiv mecarbil binds to the myosin catalytic domain and acts by an allosteric mechanism to increase the transition rate of myosin into the strongly actin-bound force-generating state. (redorbit.com)

In cells, many vital processes involve myosin-driven motility that actively remodels the actin cytoskeleton and changes cell shape. (pnas.org)
In Toxoplasma gondii , in particular, motility and host cell invasion are powered by the parasite actin cytoskeleton and most likely by myosin motors ( Dobrowolski and Sibley, 1996 ). (rupress.org)
Type I myosins are thought to drive actin-dependent membrane motility, but the direct demonstration in vivo of their involvement in specific cellular processes has been difficult. (sciencemag.org)
1992), little or no information about the functional role of myosins in growth cone motility has emerged (cf Tanaka and Sabry, 1995). (thefreelibrary.com)
Unconventional myosins are also critical for motility in amoeba and a mammalian paralog (Myo1C) is critical as a glucose transporter that recycles glucose in response to insulin. (rockland-inc.com)
Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) myosin XI powers the motility of diverse cellular organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, endomembrane vesicles, peroxisomes, and mitochondria. (plantphysiol.org)
Myosin is both a motor that drives long-distance cargo motility and also an actin regulator. (plantphysiol.org)

Binding of calcium ion to this domain increases the affinity of MYLK binding to myosin light chain. (wikipedia.org)

The structure and function of myosin is globally conserved across species, to the extent that rabbit muscle myosin II will bind to actin from an amoeba . (wikipedia.org)
These new myosins were collectively termed "unconventional myosins" [7] and have been found in many tissues other than muscle. (wikipedia.org)
Myosin storage myopathy is a condition that causes muscle weakness (myopathy) that does not worsen or worsens very slowly over time. (medlineplus.gov)
It is unclear how these changes lead to muscle weakness in people with myosin storage myopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
The actin is in the middle of the muscle, and the myosin is attached to the sides of the muscles so it can't move. (smore.com)
When this happens we have what are called Z disks in our muscles and when the actin starts to slide past the myosin the z disks move closer and closer together and now the muscle is contracted. (smore.com)
This year's squad has a large number of medics and biologists in the squad, so CUWBC chose to named their crews Actin and Myosin after the two muscle fibers that pull against each other in the human body. (theboatrace.org)
Sequence analysis revealed that one cDNA fragment represented the myosin alkali light chain (MLC 1sm) of human smooth muscle. (ingentaconnect.com)
When myosin and actin are combined together, that makes the muscle produce force. (wikibooks.org)
PURPOSE: To investigate the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition of human extraocular (EOM) and levator palpebrae (LP) muscle fibers. (diva-portal.org)
Computer artwork of the molecular actin myosin muscle structure. (sciencephoto.com)
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and timeresolved phosphorescence anisotropy (TPA) of probes attached to SH1 (Cys 707, in the catalytic domain of the head) have consistently shown that most myosin heads in contracting muscle are dynamically disordered, undergoing large-amplitude rotations in the ps time range. (majortests.com)
Myosin Light Chain 6B (MYL6B) is a heavy chain regulator located in smooth muscle and non-muscle Myosin complexes. (prospecbio.com)

About 20 classes of myosin have been distinguished on the basis of the sequence of amino acids in their ATP-hydrolyzing motor domains. (wikibooks.org)
There are 20 different types of Myosin that already distinguished by amino acid sequence. (wikibooks.org)
Myosins can be divided into classes that are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes. (rockland-inc.com)
A BLAST analysis was used to suggest cross reactivity with Myosin 1G from human, mouse, chimpanzee and rat based on 100% homology with the immunizing sequence. (rockland-inc.com)
Revisiting Myosin Families Through Large-scale Sequence Searches Leads to the Discovery of New Myosins. (ncbs.res.in)
Computational search algorithms were performed to identify putative myosin members by phylogenetic analysis, sequence motifs, and coexisting domains. (ncbs.res.in)

The signs and symptoms of myosin storage myopathy usually become noticeable in childhood, although they can occur later. (medlineplus.gov)
Myosin storage myopathy is a rare condition. (medlineplus.gov)
Tajsharghi H, Thornell LE, Lindberg C, Lindvall B, Henriksson KG, Oldfors A. Myosin storage myopathy associated with a heterozygous missense mutation in MYH7. (medlineplus.gov)

Myosin I: from yeast to human. (springer.com)
An ordered array of yeast artificial chromosome clones that encompasses the Dictyostelium genome was probed at low stringency with conserved regions of the myosin motor domain to identify all possible myosin loci. (pnas.org)
The previously identified myosin loci (mchA, myoA-E) were detected by hybridization to the probes, as well as an additional seven previously unidentified loci (referred to as myoF-L). Clones corresponding to four of these additional loci (myoF, myoH-J) were obtained by using the isolated yeast artificial chromosomes as templates in a PCR employing degenerate primers specific for conserved regions of the myosin head. (pnas.org)
Evidence from yeast secretory vesicles and mitochondria, and mammalian melanosomes and endosomes suggests that Rab GTPases are crucial components of the myosin organelle receptor machinery. (ovid.com)

Differential localization and dynamics of class I myosins in the enterocyte microvillus. (springer.com)
Cloning and chromosomal localization of a human class III myosin. (ebi.ac.uk)
1993) and localization of myosins to growth cones (Rochlin et al. (thefreelibrary.com)
We elucidated a role for myosin Va (MyoVa) to modulate the axonal localization and transport of ZBP1 in axons. (jneurosci.org)
We hypothesized that the prominent brain myosin MyoVa can modulate the axonal localization and transport of ZBP1. (jneurosci.org)

4 A second was the elucidation of the functional domains of MLCP, 5 which consist of a 37-kDa catalytic subunit, a 20-kDa subunit of unknown function, and a 110- to 130-kDa subunit that targets MLCP to myosin. (ahajournals.org)
Therefore, it has been proposed that the catalytic domain of the myosin head has only one stereospecific (rigor-like) actin-binding angle, and that the head's internal structure changes during force generation, causing the distal light-chain-binding domain to rotate. (majortests.com)

We expressed and crystallised a class V myosin containing only a motor domain and the first calmodulin-binding site (first part of the lever arm). (esrf.eu)

The physical mechanism of self-organization in the actin-myosin cytoskeleton remains unknown. (pnas.org)

A myosin light chain is a light chain (small polypeptide subunit) of myosin. (wikipedia.org)

Myosin IIA-related Actomyosin Contractility Mediates Oxidative Stress-induced Neuronal Apoptosis. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms8

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes13

Information Science2

Evidence for F-actin-dependent and -independent mechanisms involved in assembly and stability of the medial actomyosin ring in fission yeast. (1/5414)

Regulation of chamber-specific gene expression in the developing heart by Irx4. (2/5414)

Association of a myosin immunoanalogue with cell envelopes of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia and its participation in swelling and germination. (3/5414)

Studies on a nonpolysomal ribonucleoprotein coding for myosin heavy chains from chick embryonic muscles. (4/5414)

Myosin II-independent F-actin flow contributes to cell locomotion in dictyostelium. (5/5414)

(CTG)n repeats markedly inhibit differentiation of the C2C12 myoblast cell line: implications for congenital myotonic dystrophy. (6/5414)

Activation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit by mitosis-specific phosphorylation. (7/5414)

Calculation of a Gap restoration in the membrane skeleton of the red blood cell: possible role for myosin II in local repair. (8/5414)

Myosins

Myosin Heavy Chains

Myosin Type II

Myosin Subfragments

Myosin Light Chains

Myosin Type V

Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA

Myosin Type I

Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB

Cardiac Myosins

Actins

Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase

Actomyosin

Smooth Muscle Myosins

Myosin Type III

Gizzard

Skeletal Muscle Myosins

Muscles

Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings

Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase

Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase

Ventricular Myosins

Adenosine Triphosphatases

Molecular Motor Proteins

Rabbits

Chickens

Actin Cytoskeleton

Muscle, Smooth

Dictyostelium

Muscle Contraction

Phosphorylation

Myofibrils

Turkeys

Tropomyosin

Adenosine Triphosphate

Muscle, Skeletal

Kinetics

rho-Associated Kinases

Protein Isoforms

Adenosine Diphosphate

Muscle Fibers, Skeletal

Calmodulin

Cytoskeleton

Protein Binding

Mollusca

Amino Acid Sequence

Molecular Sequence Data

Muscle Proteins

Amoeba

Calcium

Sarcomeres

Calmodulin-Binding Proteins

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Microscopy, Electron

Acanthamoeba

Peptide Fragments

Myocardium

Myosin Type IV

Atrial Myosins

Protein Conformation

Cytoplasmic Streaming

Binding Sites

Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch

Muscle Development

Azepines

Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch

Microfilament Proteins

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Molecular Weight

Isometric Contraction

Models, Biological

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Pectinidae

Connectin

Troponin

Phalloidine

Magnesium

Psoas Muscles

Potassium Chloride

Phosphoprotein Phosphatases