Myosin heavy chains. Medical search

The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.

A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.

Parts of the myosin molecule resulting from cleavage by proteolytic enzymes (PAPAIN; TRYPSIN; or CHYMOTRYPSIN) at well-localized regions. Study of these isolated fragments helps to delineate the functional roles of different parts of myosin. Two of the most common subfragments are myosin S-1 and myosin S-2. S-1 contains the heads of the heavy chains plus the light chains and S-2 contains part of the double-stranded, alpha-helical, heavy chain tail (myosin rod).

The subfamily of myosin proteins that are commonly found in muscle fibers. Myosin II is also involved a diverse array of cellular functions including cell division, transport within the GOLGI APPARATUS, and maintaining MICROVILLI structure.

The smaller subunits of MYOSINS that bind near the head groups of MYOSIN HEAVY CHAINS. The myosin light chains have a molecular weight of about 20 KDa and there are usually one essential and one regulatory pair of light chains associated with each heavy chain. Many myosin light chains that bind calcium are considered "calmodulin-like" proteins.

The largest of polypeptide chains comprising immunoglobulins. They contain 450 to 600 amino acid residues per chain, and have molecular weights of 51-72 kDa.

A nonmuscle isoform of myosin type II found predominantly in neuronal tissue.

A nonmuscle isoform of myosin type II found predominantly in platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils and brush border enterocytes.

A subclass of myosin involved in organelle transport and membrane targeting. It is abundantly found in nervous tissue and neurosecretory cells. The heavy chains of myosin V contain unusually long neck domains that are believed to aid in translocating molecules over large distances.

Isoforms of MYOSIN TYPE II, specifically found in the ventricular muscle of the HEART. Defects in the genes encoding ventricular myosins result in FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY.

Myosin type II isoforms found in cardiac muscle.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type I MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have low ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

Myosin type II isoforms found in smooth muscle.

A subclass of myosins found generally associated with actin-rich membrane structures such as filopodia. Members of the myosin type I family are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. The heavy chains of myosin type I lack coiled-coil forming sequences in their tails and therefore do not dimerize.

Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Myosin type II isoforms found in skeletal muscle.

The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .

The heavy chain subunits of clathrin.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A protein complex of actin and MYOSINS occurring in muscle. It is the essential contractile substance of muscle.

An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and CALMODULIN. The 20-kDa light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.

A disorder of immunoglobulin synthesis in which large quantities of abnormal heavy chains are excreted in the urine. The amino acid sequences of the N-(amino-) terminal regions of these chains are normal, but they have a deletion extending from part of the variable domain through the first domain of the constant region, so that they cannot form cross-links to the light chains. The defect arises through faulty coupling of the variable (V) and constant (C) region genes.

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Proteins that are involved in or cause CELL MOVEMENT such as the rotary structures (flagellar motor) or the structures whose movement is directed along cytoskeletal filaments (MYOSIN; KINESIN; and DYNEIN motor families).

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.

A genus of protozoa, formerly also considered a fungus. Its natural habitat is decaying forest leaves, where it feeds on bacteria. D. discoideum is the best-known species and is widely used in biomedical research.

The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Ordered rearrangement of B-lymphocyte variable gene regions of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS, thereby contributing to antibody diversity. It occurs during the first stage of differentiation of the IMMATURE B-LYMPHOCYTES.

Myosin type II isoforms specifically found in the atrial muscle of the heart.

Polypeptide chains, consisting of 211 to 217 amino acid residues and having a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa. There are two major types of light chains, kappa and lambda. Two Ig light chains and two Ig heavy chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) make one immunoglobulin molecule.

A protein found in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. It inhibits contraction of the muscle unless its position is modified by TROPONIN.

A class of organic compounds containing four or more ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws.

The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.

The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. It includes hypervariable regions (COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGIONS) and framework regions.

Heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G having a molecular weight of approximately 51 kDa. They contain about 450 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component covalently bound to the Fc fragment constant region. The gamma heavy chain subclasses (for example, gamma 1, gamma 2a, and gamma 2b) of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN G isotype subclasses (IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B) resemble each other more closely than the heavy chains of the other IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A subclass of myosins originally found in the photoreceptor of DROSOPHILA. The heavy chains can occur as two alternatively spliced isoforms of 132 and 174 KDa. The amino terminal of myosin type III is highly unusual in that it contains a protein kinase domain which may be an important component of the visual process.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Though it is not clear how its function differs from the other myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD appears to be related to fusion and terminal differentiation of the muscle cell.

Genes and gene segments encoding the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS. Gene segments of the heavy chain genes are symbolized V (variable), D (diversity), J (joining), and C (constant).

The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.

A genus of ameboid protozoa. Characteristics include a vesicular nucleus and the formation of several lodopodia, one of which is dominant at a given time. Reproduction occurs asexually by binary fission.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Technique for limiting use, activity, or movement by immobilizing or restraining animal by suspending from hindlimbs or tails. This immobilization is used to simulate some effects of reduced gravity and study weightlessness physiology.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A family of multisubunit cytoskeletal motor proteins that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to power a variety of cellular functions. Dyneins fall into two major classes based upon structural and functional criteria.

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. They have a molecular weight of approximately 72 kDa and they contain about 57 amino acid residues arranged in five domains and have more oligosaccharide branches and a higher carbohydrate content than the heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The striated muscle groups which move the LARYNX as a whole or its parts, such as altering tension of the VOCAL CORDS, or size of the slit (RIMA GLOTTIDIS).

Genes encoding the different subunits of the IMMUNOGLOBULINS, for example the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN GENES and the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES. The heavy and light immunoglobulin genes are present as gene segments in the germline cells. The completed genes are created when the segments are shuffled and assembled (B-LYMPHOCYTE GENE REARRANGEMENT) during B-LYMPHOCYTE maturation. The gene segments of the human light and heavy chain germline genes are symbolized V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant). The heavy chain germline genes have an additional segment D (diversity).

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Myogenin is induced during differentiation of every skeletal muscle cell line that has been investigated, in contrast to the other myogenic regulatory factors that only appear in certain cell types.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A phosphoprotein phosphatase that is specific for MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. It is composed of three subunits, which include a catalytic subunit, a myosin binding subunit, and a third subunit of unknown function.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A family of muscle-specific transcription factors which bind to DNA in control regions and thus regulate myogenesis. All members of this family contain a conserved helix-loop-helix motif which is homologous to the myc family proteins. These factors are only found in skeletal muscle. Members include the myoD protein (MYOD PROTEIN); MYOGENIN; myf-5, and myf-6 (also called MRF4 or herculin).

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA.

Large woodland game BIRDS in the subfamily Meleagridinae, family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. Formerly they were considered a distinct family, Melegrididae.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Catalyzes the reduction of tetrazolium compounds in the presence of NADH.

An intermediate filament protein found predominantly in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. Localized at the Z line. MW 50,000 to 55,000 is species dependent.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).

Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

The domains of the immunoglobulin molecules that are invariable in their amino acid sequence within any class or subclass of immunoglobulin. They confer biological as well as structural functions to immunoglobulins. One each on both the light chains and the heavy chains comprises the C-terminus half of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FAB FRAGMENT and two or three of them make up the rest of the heavy chains (all of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FC FRAGMENT)

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

Embryonic (precursor) cells of the myogenic lineage that develop from the MESODERM. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL; MYOCYTES, CARDIAC; MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A giant elastic protein of molecular mass ranging from 2,993 kDa (cardiac), 3,300 kDa (psoas), to 3,700 kDa (soleus) having a kinase domain. The amino- terminal is involved in a Z line binding, and the carboxy-terminal region is bound to the myosin filament with an overlap between the counter-connectin filaments at the M line.

A transmembrane glycoprotein subunit that can dimerize with a variety of light chain subunits (ANTIGENS, CD98 LIGHT CHAINS). This protein subunit serves a diverse array of functions including amino acid transport and cell fusion. Its function is altered depending which of the light chain subunits it interacts with.

A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534)

The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue.

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN A. They have a molecular weight of approximately 58 kDa and contain about 470 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component bound covalently to their Fc fragment constant region.

A genus of small free-living nematodes. Two species, CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS and C. briggsae are much used in studies of genetics, development, aging, muscle chemistry, and neuroanatomy.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

An autosomal dominant inherited form of HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. It results from any of more than 50 mutations involving genes encoding contractile proteins such as VENTRICULAR MYOSINS; cardiac TROPONIN T; ALPHA-TROPOMYOSIN.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Monomeric subunits of primarily globular ACTIN and found in the cytoplasmic matrix of almost all cells. They are often associated with microtubules and may play a role in cytoskeletal function and/or mediate movement of the cell or the organelles within the cell.

One of the minor protein components of skeletal muscle. Its function is to serve as the calcium-binding component in the troponin-tropomyosin B-actin-myosin complex by conferring calcium sensitivity to the cross-linked actin and myosin filaments.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A genus of free-living soil amoebae that produces no flagellate stage. Its organisms are pathogens for several infections in humans and have been found in the eye, bone, brain, and respiratory tract.

Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

Proteins which bind calmodulin. They are found in many tissues and have a variety of functions including F-actin cross-linking properties, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and calcium and magnesium ATPases.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.

Proteins which participate in contractile processes. They include MUSCLE PROTEINS as well as those found in other cells and tissues. In the latter, these proteins participate in localized contractile events in the cytoplasm, in motile activity, and in cell aggregation phenomena.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Proteins found in any species of protozoan.

A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.

A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.

Common name for a number of different species of fish in the family Cyprinidae. This includes, among others, the common carp, crucian carp, grass carp, and silver carp.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

Activating transcription factors of the MADS family which bind a specific sequence element (MEF2 element) in many muscle-specific genes and are involved in skeletal and cardiac myogenesis, neuronal differentiation and survival/apoptosis.

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws; its posterior portion retracts the mandible.

Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

The pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles that make up the upper and fore part of the chest in front of the AXILLA.

General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

One of two types of muscle in the body, characterized by the array of bands observed under microscope. Striated muscles can be divided into two subtypes: the CARDIAC MUSCLE and the SKELETAL MUSCLE.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (CITRIC ACID CYCLE). It catalyzes the reaction of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA to form citrate and coenzyme A. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.7.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

One of the types of light chains of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

A phylum of the kingdom Metazoa. Mollusca have soft, unsegmented bodies with an anterior head, a dorsal visceral mass, and a ventral foot. Most are encased in a protective calcareous shell. It includes the classes GASTROPODA; BIVALVIA; CEPHALOPODA; Aplacophora; Scaphopoda; Polyplacophora; and Monoplacophora.

Serum proteins that have the most rapid migration during ELECTROPHORESIS. This subgroup of globulins is divided into faster and slower alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-globulins.

The quadriceps femoris. A collective name of the four-headed skeletal muscle of the thigh, comprised of the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

A protein factor that regulates the length of R-actin. It is chemically similar, but immunochemically distinguishable from actin.

Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.

Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).

An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. It is the small subunit of the MHC class I molecule. Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Beta 2-microglobulin is present in small amounts in serum, csf, and urine of normal people, and to a much greater degree in the urine and plasma of patients with tubular proteinemia, renal failure, or kidney transplants.

Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

Precursor cells destined to differentiate into skeletal myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL).

A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

Abnormal immunoglobulins characteristic of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.

The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Heterodimeric transcription factors containing a DNA-binding alpha subunits, (CORE BINDING FACTOR ALPHA SUBUNITS), along with a non-DNA-binding beta subunits, CORE BINDING FACTOR BETA SUBUNIT. Core Binding Factor regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a variety of GENES involved primarily in CELL DIFFERENTIATION and CELL CYCLE progression.

Cation-transporting proteins that utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis for the transport of CALCIUM. They differ from CALCIUM CHANNELS which allow calcium to pass through a membrane without the use of energy.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.

A non-DNA binding transcription factor that is a subunit of core binding factor. It forms heterodimeric complexes with CORE BINDING FACTOR ALPHA SUBUNITS, and regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a variety of GENES involved primarily in CELL DIFFERENTIATION and CELL CYCLE progression.

One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It inhibits F-actin-myosin interactions.

Evidence for F-actin-dependent and -independent mechanisms involved in assembly and stability of the medial actomyosin ring in fission yeast. (1/2643)

Cell division in a number of eukaryotes, including the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is achieved through a medially placed actomyosin-based contractile ring. Although several components of the actomyosin ring have been identified, the mechanisms regulating ring assembly are still not understood. Here, we show by biochemical and mutational studies that the S.pombe actomyosin ring component Cdc4p is a light chain associated with Myo2p, a myosin II heavy chain. Localization of Myo2p to the medial ring depended on Cdc4p function, whereas localization of Cdc4p at the division site was independent of Myo2p. Interestingly, the actin-binding and motor domains of Myo2p are not required for its accumulation at the division site although the motor activity of Myo2p is essential for assembly of a normal actomyosin ring. The initial assembly of Myo2p and Cdc4p at the division site requires a functional F-actin cytoskeleton. Once established, however, F-actin is not required for the maintenance of Cdc4p and Myo2p medial rings, suggesting that the attachment of Cdc4p and Myo2p to the division site involves proteins other than actin itself. (+info)

Regulation of chamber-specific gene expression in the developing heart by Irx4. (2/2643)

The vertebrate heart consists of two types of chambers, the atria and the ventricles, which differ in their contractile and electrophysiological properties. Little is known of the molecular mechanisms by which these chambers are specified during embryogenesis. Here a chicken iroquois-related homeobox gene, Irx4, was identified that has a ventricle-restricted expression pattern at all stages of heart development. Irx4 protein was shown to regulate the chamber-specific expression of myosin isoforms by activating the expression of the ventricle myosin heavy chain-1 (VMHC1) and suppressing the expression of the atrial myosin heavy chain-1 (AMHC1) in the ventricles. Thus, Irx4 may play a critical role in establishing chamber-specific gene expression in the developing heart. (+info)

Chlamydia infections and heart disease linked through antigenic mimicry. (3/2643)

Chlamydia infections are epidemiologically linked to human heart disease. A peptide from the murine heart muscle-specific alpha myosin heavy chain that has sequence homology to the 60-kilodalton cysteine-rich outer membrane proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae, C. psittaci, and C. trachomatis was shown to induce autoimmune inflammatory heart disease in mice. Injection of the homologous Chlamydia peptides into mice also induced perivascular inflammation, fibrotic changes, and blood vessel occlusion in the heart, as well as triggering T and B cell reactivity to the homologous endogenous heart muscle-specific peptide. Chlamydia DNA functioned as an adjuvant in the triggering of peptide-induced inflammatory heart disease. Infection with C. trachomatis led to the production of autoantibodies to heart muscle-specific epitopes. Thus, Chlamydia-mediated heart disease is induced by antigenic mimicry of a heart muscle-specific protein. (+info)

Processing of endogenous pre-mRNAs in association with SC-35 domains is gene specific. (4/2643)

Analysis of six endogenous pre-mRNAs demonstrates that localization at the periphery or within splicing factor-rich (SC-35) domains is not restricted to a few unusually abundant pre-mRNAs, but is apparently a more common paradigm of many protein-coding genes. Different genes are preferentially transcribed and their RNAs processed in different compartments relative to SC-35 domains. These differences do not simply correlate with the complexity, nuclear abundance, or position within overall nuclear space. The distribution of spliceosome assembly factor SC-35 did not simply mirror the distribution of individual pre-mRNAs, but rather suggested that individual domains contain both specific pre-mRNA(s) as well as excess splicing factors. This is consistent with a multifunctional compartment, to which some gene loci and their RNAs have access and others do not. Despite similar molar abundance in muscle fiber nuclei, nascent transcript "trees" of highly complex dystrophin RNA are cotranscriptionally spliced outside of SC-35 domains, whereas posttranscriptional "tracks" of more mature myosin heavy chain transcripts overlap domains. Further analyses supported that endogenous pre-mRNAs exhibit distinct structural organization that may reflect not only the expression and complexity of the gene, but also constraints of its chromosomal context and kinetics of its RNA metabolism. (+info)

Myogenic signaling of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase requires the serine-threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B. (5/2643)

The oncogene p3k, coding for a constitutively active form of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), strongly activates myogenic differentiation. Inhibition of endogenous PI 3-kinase activity with the specific inhibitor LY294002, or with dominant-negative mutants of PI 3-kinase, interferes with myotube formation and with the expression of muscle-specific proteins. Here we demonstrate that a downstream target of PI 3-kinase, serine-threonine kinase Akt, plays an important role in myogenic differentiation. Expression of constitutively active forms of Akt dramatically enhances myotube formation and expression of the muscle-specific proteins MyoD, creatine kinase, myosin heavy chain, and desmin. Transdominant negative forms of Akt inhibit myotube formation and the expression of muscle-specific proteins. The inhibition of myotube formation and the reduced expression of muscle-specific proteins caused by the PI 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 are completely reversed by constitutively active forms of Akt. Wild-type cellular Akt effects a partial reversal of LY294002-induced inhibition of myogenic differentiation. This result suggests that Akt can substitute for PI 3-kinase in the stimulation of myogenesis; Akt may be an essential downstream component of PI 3-kinase-induced muscle differentiation. (+info)

Coexistence of mitochondrial DNA and beta myosin heavy chain mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with late congestive heart failure. (6/2643)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible coexistence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in patients with beta myosin heavy chain (beta MHC) linked hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who develop congestive heart failure. DESIGN: Molecular analysis of beta MHC and mtDNA gene defects in patients with HCM. SETTING: Cardiovascular molecular diagnostic and heart transplantation reference centre in north Italy. PATIENTS: Four patients with HCM who underwent heart transplantation for end stage heart failure, and after pedigree analysis of 60 relatives, eight additional affected patients and 27 unaffected relatives. A total of 111 unrelated healthy adult volunteers served as controls. Disease controls included an additional 27 patients with HCM and 102 with dilated cardiomyopathy. INTERVENTION: Molecular analysis of DNA from myocardial and skeletal muscle tissue and from peripheral blood specimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Screening for mutations in beta MHC (exons 3-23) and mtDNA tRNA (n = 22) genes with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis or single strand conformational polymorphism followed by automated DNA sequencing. RESULTS: One proband (kindred A) (plus seven affected relatives) had arginine 249 glutamine (Arg249Gln) beta MHC and heteroplasmic mtDNA tRNAIle A4300G mutations. Another unrelated patient (kindred B) with sporadic HCM had identical mutations. The remaining two patients (kindred C), a mother and son, had a novel beta MHC mutation (lysine 450 glutamic acid) (Lys450Glu) and a heteroplasmic missense (T9957C, phenylalanine (Phe)-->leucine (Leu)) mtDNA mutation in subunit III of the cytochrome C oxidase gene. The amount of mutant mtDNA was higher in the myocardium than in skeletal muscle or peripheral blood and in affected patients than in asymptomatic relatives. Mutations were absent in the controls. Pathological and biochemical characteristics of patients with mutations Arg249Gln plus A4300G (kindreds A and B) were identical, but different from those of the two patients with Lys450Glu plus T9957C(Phe-->Leu) mutations (kindred C). Cytochrome C oxidase activity and histoenzymatic staining were severely decreased in the two patients in kindreds A and B, but were unaffected in the two in kindred C. CONCLUSIONS: beta MHC gene and mtDNA mutations may coexist in patients with HCM and end stage congestive heart failure. Although beta MHC gene mutations seem to be the true determinants of HCM, both mtDNA mutations in these patients have known prerequisites for pathogenicity. Coexistence of other genetic abnormalities in beta MHC linked HCM, such as mtDNA mutations, may contribute to variable phenotypic expression and explain the heterogeneous behaviour of HCM. (+info)

Altered crossbridge kinetics in the alphaMHC403/+ mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (7/2643)

A mutation in the cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain, Arg403Gln (R403Q), causes a severe form of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) in humans. We used small-amplitude (0.25%) length-perturbation analysis to examine the mechanical properties of skinned left ventricular papillary muscle strips from mouse hearts bearing the R403Q mutation in the alpha-myosin heavy chain (alphaMHC403/+). Myofibrillar disarray with variable penetrance occurred in the left ventricular free wall of the alphaMHC403/+ hearts. In resting strips (pCa 8), dynamic stiffness was approximately 40% greater than in wild-type strips, consistent with elevated diastolic stiffness reported for murine hearts with FHC. At pCa 6 (submaximal activation), strip isometric tension was approximately 3 times higher than for wild-type strips, whereas at pCa 5 (maximal activation), tension was marginally lower. At submaximal calcium activation the characteristic frequencies of the work-producing (b) and work-absorbing (c) steps of the crossbridge were less in alphaMHC403/+ strips than in wild-type strips (b=11+/-1 versus 15+/-1 Hz; c= 58+/-3 versus 66+/-3 Hz; 27 degrees C). At maximal calcium activation, strip oscillatory power was reduced (0. 53+/-0.25 versus 1.03+/-0.18 mW/mm3; 27 degrees C), which is partly attributable to the reduced frequency b, at which crossbridge work is maximum. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the R403Q mutation reduces the strong binding affinity of myosin for actin. Myosin heads may accumulate in a preforce state that promotes cooperative activation of the thin filament at submaximal calcium but blunts maximal tension and oscillatory power output at maximal calcium. The calcium-dependent effect of the mutation (whether facilitating or debilitating), together with a variable degree of fibrosis and myofibrillar disorder, may contribute to the diversity of clinical symptoms observed in murine FHC. (+info)

Age-related changes in contractile properties of single skeletal fibers from the soleus muscle. (8/2643)

Peak absolute force, specific tension (peak absolute force per cross-sectional area), cross-sectional area, maximal unloaded shortening velocity (Vo; determined by the slack test), and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform compositions were determined in 124 single skeletal fibers from the soleus muscle of 12-, 24-, 30-, 36-, and 37-mo-old Fischer 344 Brown Norway F1 Hybrid rats. All fibers expressed the type I MHC isoform. The mean Vo remained unchanged from 12 to 24 mo but did decrease significantly from the 24- to 30-mo time period (from 1.71 +/- 0.13 to 0.85 +/- 0.09 fiber lengths/s). Fiber cross-sectional area remained constant until 36 mo of age, at which time there was a 20% decrease from the values at 12 mo of age (from 5,558 +/- 232 to 4,339 +/- 280 micrometer2). A significant decrease in peak absolute force of single fibers occurred between 12 and 24 mo of age (from 51 +/- 2 x 10(-5) to 35 +/- 2 x 10(-5) N) and then remained constant until 36 mo, when another 43% decrease occurred. Like peak absolute force, the specific tension decreased significantly between 12 and 24 mo by 20%, and another 32% decline was observed at 37 mo. Thus, by 24 mo, there was a dissociation between the loss of fiber cross-sectional area and force. The results suggest time-specific changes of the contractile properties with aging that are independent of each other. Underlying mechanisms responsible for the time-dependent and contractile property-specific changes are unknown. Age-related changes in the molecular dynamics of myosin may be the underlying mechanism for altered force production. The presence of more than one beta/slow MHC isoform may be the mechanism for the altered Vo with age. (+info)

... myosin heavy chain kinase MHCK MIHC kinase myosin heavy chain kinase myosin I heavy-chain kinase myosin II heavy-chain kinase [ ... myosin heavy-chain] phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and myosin heavy-chain, whereas its two products ... a myosin-heavy-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + [myosin heavy-chain] ⇌ {\ ... kinase myosin heavy chain kinase A STK6. Cote GP, Bukiejko U (1987). "Purification and characterization of a myosin heavy chain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin-heavy-chain_kinase

MLCs are structurally and functionally distinct from myosin heavy chains (MHCs). Nevertheless, the association of MLCs with the ... A myosin light chain is a light chain (small polypeptide subunit) of myosin. Myosin light chains were discovered by Chinese ... Myosin light-chain kinase Myosin-light-chain phosphatase Myosin+Light+Chains at the US National Library of Medicine Medical ... Structurally, myosin light chains belong to the EF-hand family, a large family of Ca2+- binding proteins. MLCs contain two Ca2+ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin_light_chain

Myosin is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light ... Myosin light chain 5 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the MYL5 gene. This gene encodes one of the myosin light ... "Entrez Gene: Myosin light chain 5". Retrieved 2017-01-24. This article incorporates text from the United States National ... This gene product, one of the regulatory light chains, is expressed in fetal muscle and in adult retina, cerebellum, and basal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin_light_chain_5

... is a smooth muscle myosin belonging to the myosin heavy chain family. Myosin-11 is a subunit of a hexameric protein ... Chicken Myosin-11) at the PDBe-KB. Babu GJ, Warshaw DM, Periasamy M (2000). "Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms and ... 1994). "Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain locus (MYH11) maps to 16p13.13-p13.12 and establishes a new region of conserved ... 2006). "Mutations in myosin heavy chain 11 cause a syndrome associating thoracic aortic aneurysm/aortic dissection and patent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin-11

Myosin exists as a hexamer of two heavy chains, two alkali light chains, and two regulatory light chains. The heavy chain can ... There are many cell-specific isoforms of myosin heavy chains, coded for by a multi-gene family. Myosin interacts with actin to ... "Human embryonic myosin heavy chain cDNA. Interspecies sequence conservation of the myosin rod, chromosomal locus and isoform ... Hayashida M, Maita T, Matsuda G (July 1991). "The primary structure of skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain: I. Sequence of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin_head

"Entrez Gene: MYH14 myosin, heavy chain 14". Chen AH, Ni L, Fukushima K, et al. (1995). "Linkage of a gene for dominant non- ... 2002). "Evolutionary implications of three novel members of the human sarcomeric myosin heavy chain gene family". Mol. Biol. ... "Nonmuscle Myosin Heavy-Chain Gene MYH14 Is Expressed in Cochlea and Mutated in Patients Affected by Autosomal Dominant Hearing ... "A novel myosin heavy chain gene in human chromosome 19q13.3". Gene. 312: 165-71. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(03)00613-9. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH14

... (myosin heavy chain 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH2 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... "Entrez Gene: MYH2 myosin, heavy chain 2, skeletal muscle, adult". Schwartz CE, McNally E, Leinwand L, Skolnick MH (1987). "A ... 2002). "Myosin heavy chain IIa gene mutation E706K is pathogenic and its expression increases with age". Neurology. 58 (5): 780 ... Chung MC, Kawamoto S (2005). "IRF-2 is involved in up-regulation of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II-A gene expression during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin-2

Myosin heavy chains are encoded by a multigene family. In mammals, at least ten different myosin heavy chain (MYH) isoforms ... Myosin-1, also known as 'striated muscle myosin heavy chain 1', is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH1 gene. This ... Class II Myosins are hexameric proteins composed of a pair of myosin heavy chains (MYH) and two pairs of nonidentical light ... "Entrez Gene: MYH1 myosin, heavy chain 1, skeletal muscle, adult". Yoon SJ, Seiler SH, Kucherlapati R, Leinwand L (December 1992 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH1

"Myosin heavy chain pattern in the Akhal-Teke horses." animal 5.5 (2010): 658. VIDEO: Amazing equine trek from Ashkhabad to ... The main reason for this are allegations of a heavy infusion of Thoroughbred blood into the breed to create faster horses for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhal-Teke

This recruitment leads to the repression of the MLC2v (Myosin Light Chain 2 v) and βMHC ( β-myosin heavy chain ) promoter. ... Rindt H, Gulick J, Knotts S, Neumann J, Robbins J (March 1993). "In vivo analysis of the murine beta-myosin heavy chain gene ... Once this complex is formed, these two proteins can regulate the alpha-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) gene expression. The four ... Gupta MP, Gupta M, Dizon E, Zak R (1996). "Sympathetic control of cardiac myosin heavy chain gene expression". Molecular and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEAD1

"Entrez Gene: MYH8 myosin, heavy chain 8, skeletal muscle, perinatal". Bober E, Buchberger-Seidl A, Braun T, et al. (1990). " ... Karsch-Mizrachi I, Feghali R, Shows TB, Leinwand LA (Aug 1990). "Generation of a full-length human perinatal myosin heavy-chain ... Soussi-Yanicostas N, Whalen RG, Petit C (1993). "Five skeletal myosin heavy chain genes are organized as a multigene complex in ... 2004). "Mutation of perinatal myosin heavy chain associated with a Carney complex variant". N. Engl. J. Med. 351 (5): 460-9. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH8

Myosin is a hexameric protein composed of a pair of myosin heavy chains (MYH) and two pairs of nonidentical light chains. This ... "Human embryonic myosin heavy chain cDNA. Interspecies sequence conservation of the myosin rod, chromosomal locus and isoform ... "Entrez Gene: MYH3 myosin, heavy chain 3, skeletal muscle, embryonic". Alvarado DM, Buchan JG, Gurnett CA, Dobbs MB (Jun 2011 ... Hundley AF, Yuan L, Visco AG (May 2006). "Skeletal muscle heavy-chain polypeptide 3 and myosin binding protein H in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH3

Myosin-7B also known as myosin, heavy chain 7B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH7B gene. MYH7B is a slow-twitch ... McGuigan K, Phillips PC, Postlethwait JH (2004). "Evolution of sarcomeric myosin heavy chain genes: evidence from fish". Mol. ... "Evolutionary implications of three novel members of the human sarcomeric myosin heavy chain gene family". Mol. Biol. Evol. 19 ( ... 2010). "Two novel/ancient myosins in mammalian skeletal muscles: MYH14/7b and MYH15 are expressed in extraocular muscles and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH7B

"MYH9 myosin heavy chain 9 [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI". Zhang L, Li C, Su X (December 2020). "Emerging impact of the ... collagen type I alpha 1 chain) gene, COL1A2 (collagen type I alpha 2 chain) gene, COL3A1 (collagen type III alpha 1 chain) gene ... myosin regulatory light chain 12A) gene. While very few cases have been analyzed to date, USP6-containing fusion genes have ... Its most common partner gene in NF is the MYH9 (i.e. myosin-9) gene. This USP6-MYH9 fusion gene forms as a result of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodular_fasciitis

Myosin-15 also known as myosin, heavy chain 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH15 gene. MYH15 is a slow-twitch ... McGuigan K, Phillips PC, Postlethwait JH (2004). "Evolution of sarcomeric myosin heavy chain genes: evidence from fish". Mol. ... "Evolutionary implications of three novel members of the human sarcomeric myosin heavy chain gene family". Mol. Biol. Evol. 19 ( ... 2004). "Myosin gene mutation correlates with anatomical changes in the human lineage". Nature. 428 (6981): 415-8. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH15

... II contains two heavy chains, each about 2000 amino acids in length, which constitute the head and tail domains. Each of ... MBInfo - Myosin Isoforms MBInfo - The Myosin Powerstroke Myosin Video A video of a moving myosin motor protein. Myosins at the ... In smooth muscle, a single gene (MYH11)) codes for the heavy chains myosin II, but splice variants of this gene result in four ... Myosin X is an unconventional myosin motor, which is functional as a dimer. The dimerization of myosin X is thought to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin

Giger, JM; Haddad, F; Qin, AX; Zeng, M; Baldwin, KM (April 2005). "Effect of unloading on type I myosin heavy chain gene ... Also, transformations in the myosin heavy chain profile indicated that there was a greater level of hybrid slow/fast fibers in ... Zhou, MY; Klitgaard, H; Saltin, B; Roy, RR; Edgerton, VR; Gollnick, PD (May 1995). "Myosin heavy chain isoforms of human muscle ... Pandorf, CE; Haddad, F; Roy, RR; Qin, AX; Edgerton, VR; Baldwin, KM (15 December 2006). "Dynamics of myosin heavy chain gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiological_effects_in_space

Toydemir RM, Rutherford A, Whitby FG, Jorde LB, Carey JC, Bamshad MJ (2006). "Mutations in embryonic myosin heavy chain (MYH3) ... 2006) showed that mutations in embryonic myosin heavy chain 3 (MYH3; MIM *160270), at 17p-13.1-pter, caused classic FSS ... Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): MYOSIN, HEAVY CHAIN 3, SKELETAL MUSCLE, EMBRYONIC; MYH3 - 160720 b .0001 c .0002 d ... an embryonic myosin residue retained post-embryonically. Of the remaining 6 patients in whom they found mutations, 3 had ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman–Sheldon_syndrome

"Noninvasive estimation of myosin heavy chain composition in human skeletal muscle." Med. Sci. Sports Exerc 43.9 (2011): 1619- ... heavy chain myosin amount20) and muscle status/condition (e.g.,fatigue, potentiation, inhibition, stress influence on the body ... Application of tensiomyography method identifies muscle pair asymmetry and asynchronous action in the kinetic chain, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensiomyography

1998). "Control of AMP deaminase 1 binding to myosin heavy chain". Am. J. Physiol. 275 (3 Pt 1): C870-81. doi:10.1152/ajpcell. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMP_deaminase

Implications in the repression of alpha-myosin heavy chain during heart failure". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (45): 44935-48. doi: ... DNA-binding proteins PURalpha and PURbeta bind to a purine-rich negative regulatory element of the alpha-myosin heavy chain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELK3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PURB

Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) Myosin Light Chain - alkali (MLC1) Myosin Light Chain - regulatory (MLC2) The Immunohistochemical ... Caiozzo VJ, Baker MJ, Huang K, Chou H, Wu YZ, Baldwin KM (September 2003). "Single-fiber myosin heavy chain polymorphism: how ... Baldwin KM, Haddad F (January 2001). "Effects of different activity and inactivity paradigms on myosin heavy chain gene ... Low(er) myosin ATPase, sensitive to alkali. IIa (Fast oxidative/glycolytic, FOG) - High glycolytic, oxidative and myosin ATPase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_unit

"Cloning and regional assignment of the human myosin heavy chain 12 (MYH12) gene to chromosome band 15q21". Cytogenetics and ... Rodriguez OC, Cheney RE (Mar 2002). "Human myosin-Vc is a novel class V myosin expressed in epithelial cells". Journal of Cell ... "Interaction of the postsynaptic density-95/guanylate kinase domain-associated protein complex with a light chain of myosin-V ... "Interaction of the postsynaptic density-95/guanylate kinase domain-associated protein complex with a light chain of myosin-V ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconventional_myosin-Va

... is directly involved in smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMHC) gene regulation. Overexpression of MEF2B will activate ... a component of a smooth muscle-specific complex that binds an A/T-rich element important for smooth muscle myosin heavy chain ... a component of a smooth muscle-specific complex that binds an A/T-rich element important for smooth muscle myosin heavy chain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEF2B

Myosin heavy chain This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title MYH. If an internal link led you here, you ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH

Its major substrate is Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC, or Myosin-2, or MYH2), meaning it induces the proteasome-mediated degradatin of ... MuRF1 is upregulated during skeletal muscle atrophy - and thus the degradation of myosin heavy chain, which is a major ... This finding suggests that Myosin Heavy Chain levels may be dysregulated in the heart in the absence of MuRF1, leading to ... "The E3 Ligase MuRF1 degrades myosin heavy chain protein in dexamethasone-treated skeletal muscle". Cell Metabolism. 6 (5): 376- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIM63

Myosin-9 also known as myosin, heavy chain 9, non-muscle or non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIa (NMMHC-IIA) is a protein which in ... Class II myosins include muscle and non-muscle myosins that are organized as hexameric molecules consisting of two heavy chains ... April 2010). "Heavy chain myosin 9-related disease (MYH9 -RD): neutrophil inclusions of myosin-9 as a pathognomonic sign of the ... controlling the myosin activity, and two essential light chains (17 kDa), which stabilize the heavy chain structure. MYH9 is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH9

Myosin II contains two heavy chains (MHC) which constitute the head and tail domains. Each of these heavy chains contains the N ... The myosin light chain phosphatase is inhibited to increase the gain or sensitivity of myosin light chain kinase to calcium. ... myosin II has two heads. In smooth muscle, there is a single gene (MYH11) that codes for the heavy chains myosin II, but there ... Different combinations of heavy and light chains allow for up to hundreds of different types of myosin structures, but it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle

Approximately 40% of these mutations occur in the β-myosin heavy chain gene on chromosome 14 q11.2-3, and approximately 40% ... Some mutations could have more harmful potential compared to others (β-myosin heavy chain). For example, troponin T mutations ... The cardiac myosin binding protein C mutation identified in Maine Coon cats has not been found in any other breed of cat with ... The first genetic mutation (in cardiac myosin binding protein C) responsible for feline HCM was discovered in 2005 in Maine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy

Myosin-13 also known as myosin, heavy chain 13 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the MYH13 gene. MYH13 is a myosin ... "The human extraocular muscle myosin heavy chain gene (MYH13) maps to the cluster of fast and developmental myosin genes on ... 1999). "Organization of human and mouse skeletal myosin heavy chain gene clusters is highly conserved". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. ... "Comparative sequence analysis of the complete human sarcomeric myosin heavy chain family: implications for functional diversity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH13

... is a gene encoding a myosin heavy chain beta (MHC-β) isoform (slow twitch) expressed primarily in the heart, but also in ... This isoform is distinct from the fast isoform of cardiac myosin heavy chain, MYH6, referred to as MHC-α. MHC-β is the major ... A beta cardiac myosin heavy chain gene missense mutation". Cell. 62 (5): 999-1006. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90274-i. PMID ... a beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain mutation causing endocardial fibroelastosis and heart failure". Novartis Foundation Symposium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH7

... heavy-chain immunoglobulin - Hela cell - helminth protein - helper T cell - hemopexin - hemoglobin - herpes simplex virus ... myosin N-formylmethionine - N-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine - N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor - N-methylaspartate - N- ... gamma-chain immunoglobulin - gamma-delta T-cell antigen receptor - gastrin - gastrointestinal hormone receptor - gastrula - gel ... kappa-chain immunoglobulin - karyoplasm - karyotype - kelvin - keratin - kinase - kinesin - kinetic energy - kinetic exclusion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

... branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, beta polypeptide (maple syrup urine disease) (6q14.1) BMIQ3: body mass index QTL 3 ... myosin VI (6q14.1) OA3: ocular albinism 3 OPRM1: μ-opioid receptors (6q24-q25) OTSC7: otosclerosis 7 PLG: plasminogen (6q26) ... heavy polypeptide 1 pseudogene 5 G6B: Protein G6b (6p21.33) GCNT2: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyl- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_6

They connected two stationary cycle ergometers back-to-back with a single chain, such that one cyclist pedaled forward and the ... of a muscle occurs as the myosin and actin cross bridges repeatedly attach and detach to draw the actin across the myosin - ... involving eccentric muscle contraction include walking down a hill or resisting the force of gravity while lowering a heavy ... myosin) and thin (actin) myofilament (muscle filaments or proteins) that overlaps to format a cross-bridge bond (attachment)". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentric_training

Mutations of a heart muscle protein, α-myosin heavy chain (MYH6) are associated with atrial septal defects. Several proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_heart_defect

Rahman A, Kamal A, Roberts EA, Goldstein LS (Sep 1999). "Defective kinesin heavy chain behavior in mouse kinesin light chain ... "Crystal structure of the kinesin motor domain reveals a structural similarity to myosin". Nature. 380 (6574): 550-5. doi: ... Rahman A, Kamal A, Roberts EA, Goldstein LS (Sep 1999). "Defective kinesin heavy chain behavior in mouse kinesin light chain ... Kinesin-1 heavy chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIF5B gene. KIF5B has been shown to interact with: KLC1, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIF5B

August 1993). "Fusion between transcription factor CBF beta/PEBP2 beta and a myosin heavy chain in acute myeloid leukemia". ... smooth-muscle myosin heavy chain sequesters CBFalpha2 into cytoskeletal filaments and aggregates". Molecular and Cellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI-10-49

RUNX1-induced silencing of non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIB contributes to megakaryocyte polyploidization », Nat Commun., 2012 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vainchenker

Cross-linking of the 50 kDa heavy chain region to actin subdomain-2". FEBS Letters. 345 (2-3): 113-9. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94) ... Myosin binding increases the flexibility of actin, and cross-linking studies have shown that myosin subfragment-1 binds to ... Buckingham M, Alonso S, Barton P, Cohen A, Daubas P, Garner I, Robert B, Weydert A (Dec 1986). "Actin and myosin multigene ... Bertrand R, Derancourt J, Kassab R (May 1994). "The covalent maleimidobenzoyl-actin-myosin head complex. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTC1

"The Chain-like Elasticity of Titin". Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, University of Illinois. Archived from the ... Titin is the third most abundant protein in muscle (after myosin and actin), and an adult human contains approximately 0.5 kg ... titin mechanical strength appears to decrease through the loss of disulfide bonds as the organism becomes heavier. Titin A-band ... Bennett PM, Gautel M (June 1996). "Titin domain patterns correlate with the axial disposition of myosin at the end of the thick ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titin

"Double heterozygosity for mutations in the beta-myosin heavy chain and in the cardiac myosin binding protein C genes in a ... "A molecular screening strategy based on beta-myosin heavy chain, cardiac myosin binding protein C and troponin T genes in ... MYBPC3 was thus the fourth gene for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, following MYH7, encoding β-myosin heavy chain, TNNT2 and TPM1 ... "Dissecting the N-terminal myosin binding site of human cardiac myosin-binding protein C. Structure and myosin binding of domain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin_binding_protein_C,_cardiac

... myosin heavy chain, and myosin light chain and the accumulation of corresponding mRNA sequences during myogenesis". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actin,_cytoplasmic_2

... typically due to sarcoidosis but may also be due to autoimmune disorders that create autoantibodies against myosin heavy chains ... this begins a chain of events that leads to the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and subsequent ... "Serum Neurofilament Light Chain in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation". Journal of the American Heart Association. 11 (14): ... and Alzheimer disease and with elevated levels of neurofilament light chain in blood, a biomarker indicating neuroaxonal injury ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation

... myosin heavy chains MeSH D12.776.210.500.600.200 - myosin light chains MeSH D12.776.210.500.600.300 - myosin subfragments MeSH ... myosin heavy chains MeSH D12.776.220.525.475.200 - myosin light chains MeSH D12.776.220.525.475.300 - myosin subfragments MeSH ... immunoglobulin heavy chains MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.705.500.350 - immunoglobulin alpha-chains MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.705. ... myosin type iii MeSH D12.776.220.525.475.681 - myosin type iv MeSH D12.776.220.525.475.750 - myosin type v MeSH D12.776.220.525 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776)

"Protein structural domains in the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-54 myosin heavy chain gene are not separated by introns", ... Leslie worked with Vernon Ingram in determining the GLU to VAL amino acid change in the beta chain of Hb responsible for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Barnett

... myosin heavy-chain. This study concludes that there is no clear relationship between fiber-type composition and in vivo muscle ... A myosin molecule is shaped like a golf club, with a tail formed of two intertwined chains and a double globular head ... The main proteins involved are myosin, actin, and titin. Myosin and actin are the contractile proteins and titin is an elastic ... Thick filaments consist primarily of a type of myosin, a motor protein - myosin II. Each thick filament is approximately 15 nm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myofilament

"Passive Repetitive Stretching for a Short Duration within a Week Increases Myogenic Regulatory Factors and Myosin Heavy Chain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_expansion

These companies traditionally belong to the heavy industry sector in comparison to a more consumer oriented and less capital ... In biological systems, molecular motors, like myosins in muscles, use chemical energy to create motion. Home appliances are ... either directly or through other businesses at intermediate links of a value-adding chain. Alternatively, the machine tools may ... to manipulate the devices and heavy tools required to repair them. Specific machine factories in this field are sewing machine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_factory

... produces a chimeric transcription factor with a myosin heavy chain tail". Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 59: 547-53. doi: ... "Fusion between transcription factor CBF beta/PEBP2 beta and a myosin heavy chain in acute myeloid leukemia". Science (published ... of the N terminus of core-binding factor beta in a fusion with the C-terminal portion of the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBFB

Smerdu, V; Karsch-Mizrachi, I; Campione, M; Leinwand, L; Schiaffino, S (December 1994). "Type IIx myosin heavy chain ... Muscle tissue contains special contractile proteins called actin and myosin which contract and relax to cause movement. Among ... However, all three use the movement of actin against myosin to create contraction. In skeletal muscle, contraction is ... and myosin ATPase etc.[citation needed] There are three types of muscle tissue in vertebrates: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_tissue

Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C (MYBPC3), Myosin Heavy Chain 7 (MYH7), Cardiac Troponin T 2 (TNNT2), and Cardiac Troponin I ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilated_cardiomyopathy

Rabbit polyclonal Slow Skeletal Myosin Heavy chain antibody - C-terminal. Validated in IHC and tested in Human. Immunogen ... Anti-Slow Skeletal Myosin Heavy chain antibody - C-terminal. See all Slow Skeletal Myosin Heavy chain primary antibodies. ... Each myosin heavy chain can be split into 1 light meromyosin (LMM) and 1 heavy meromyosin (HMM). It can later be split further ... Inclusion bodies consisting of the beta cardiac myosin heavy chain are present in the majority of type 1 fibers, but not in ...

https://www.abcam.com/slow-skeletal-myosin-heavy-chain-antibody-c-terminal-ab197687.html

A new role for the calcineurin/NFAT pathway in neonatal myosin heavy chain expression via the NFATc2/MyoD complex during mouse ... Keywords: Calcineurin; MyoD; Myogenesis; Myogenic regulatory factors; Myosin heavy chain; NFAT; Skeletal muscle. ... cooperates with the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MyoD to induce the expression of a specific myosin heavy chain ... Myosin Heavy Chains / biosynthesis * Myosin Heavy Chains / genetics * Myosin Heavy Chains / metabolism* ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24301466/

... - Product info ...

https://gentaur.com/enlibio/rabbit-myosin-heavy-chain-1-myh1-elia-kit-01017009353

... . ... MYH9 -RD is caused by mutations of MYH9 , the gene encoding for non-muscle heavy-chain myosin-9. Wild-type and mutant myosin-9 ... Heavy chain myosin 9-related disease (MYH9-RD): neutrophil inclusions of myosin-9 as a pathognomonic sign of the disorder; ... Myosin-9 aggregates were identified in 82 patients, 80 of which (98%) had also a MYH9 mutation. In the remaining 36 patients ...

https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/15532

Cloning of squid myosin heavy chain. Because the myosin heavy chain transcript is large (∼6600 bp in length), we used a cloning ... Detection of myosin heavy chain isoforms. Matulef et al. (Matulef et al., 1998) identified two myosin heavy chain isoforms (A ... Myosin heavy chain isoform C contains a 12-amino-acid C-terminal extension, or tailpiece. A myosin heavy chain isoform with a ... Determination of myosin heavy chain sequence. The transcripts encoding the myosin heavy chain protein from five muscular ...

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/215/2/239/11070/Muscular-tissues-of-the-squid-Doryteuthis-pealeii

Author(s): Haddad, F.; Herrick, R. E; Adams, G. R; Baldwin, K. M

https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jb1c92t

Cardiac Myosin Heavy Chains. Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal. 2019 Feb; 8(1): 1-7. en_US. ... the cardiac muscle has different types of myosin heavy chain when it separated with the one dimensional electrophoresis; in ... Myosin is defined as a mechano-enzyme molecule which converts the chemical energy stored as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into ... alpha myosin heavy chain. en_US. dc.subject. beta myosin heavy chain. en_US. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/188708?mode=full

T2 - Four Novel Variants Affecting the Tail Domain of the Non-Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain IIA Associated with a Mild Clinical ... title = "MYH9-Related Thrombocytopenia: Four Novel Variants Affecting the Tail Domain of the Non-Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain IIA ... MYH9-Related Thrombocytopenia: Four Novel Variants Affecting the Tail Domain of the Non-Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain IIA ... MYH9-Related Thrombocytopenia: Four Novel Variants Affecting the Tail Domain of the Non-Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain IIA ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/myh9-related-thrombocytopenia-four-novel-variants-affecting-the-t-2

Three-dimensional compartmentalization of myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain isoforms in dog thyroarytenoid muscle. Am J ... Three-dimensional compartmentalization of myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain isoforms in dog thyroarytenoid muscle. Am J ... Expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in laryngeal muscles in comparison with skeletal and special muscles. MACCATROZZO, ... Atypical myosin heavy chain in rat laryngeal muscle. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1995; 104(3):237-45. [11] Toniolo L, Macchi V, ...

https://www.research.unipd.it/handle/11577/2577522

The embryonic myosin proteins that are synthesized during the tadpole stages are replaced with adult myosin heavy chains at ... At least one of the adult myosin genes, called A-7, is expressed only in the adult animals, not in tadpoles. The controlling ... The present research examines the expression of myosin heavy chain genes in muscle fibers in Xenopus laevis. Characteristically ... The embryonic myosin proteins that are synthesized during the tadpole stages are replaced with adult myosin heavy chains at ...

https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses/1032/

... myosin heavy chain. Learn about this gene and related health conditions. ... myosin, heavy chain 6, cardiac muscle, alpha. *myosin, heavy polypeptide 6, cardiac muscle, alpha (cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic ... The MYH6 gene provides instructions for making a protein known as the cardiac alpha (α)-myosin heavy chain. This protein is ... Mutations associated with DCM and HCM can affect any part of the α-myosin heavy chain, and most change single amino acids in ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/myh6/

Our results identify the myosin-II heavy chain as a new target of Rac-regulated kinase pathways, and implicate Rac as a Rho ... Our results identify the myosin-II heavy chain as a new target of Rac-regulated kinase pathways, and implicate Rac as a Rho ... Our results identify the myosin-II heavy chain as a new target of Rac-regulated kinase pathways, and implicate Rac as a Rho ... Our results identify the myosin-II heavy chain as a new target of Rac-regulated kinase pathways, and implicate Rac as a Rho ...

https://pure.prinsesmaximacentrum.nl/nl/publications/rac-regulates-phosphorylation-of-the-myosin-ii-heavy-chain-actino

title = {Src-dependent Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Non-muscle Myosin Heavy Chain-IIA Restricts Listeria monocytogenes Cellular ... TI - Src-dependent Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Non-muscle Myosin Heavy Chain-IIA Restricts Listeria monocytogenes Cellular ...

https://www.imperial.ac.uk/centre-for-structural-biology/publications/?respub-t4-action=citation.html&id=710922&noscript=noscript

Fast myosin heavy chain immunostain, ×100) View Media Gallery In the late stage of ALS disease, especially at autopsy, the ... Mitochondrial respiratory chain disease presenting as progressive bulbar paralysis of childhood. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2004. 27( ... Bunina bodies are small eosinophilic inclusions arranged in a group or in small beaded chains that are present in residual ... Bunina bodies are small eosinophilic inclusions arranged in a group or in small beaded chains that are present in residual ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/2111360-182659/what-causes-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-als-lou-gehrig-disease

Sex differences in myosin heavy chain isoforms of human failing and nonfailing atria. ... Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation caused by Arg663His beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain mutation. ...

https://www.ajconline.org/article/S0002-9149

HMG CoA reductase inhibition by Simvastatin gets rat β-Myosin heavy chain disappeared: A statin paradox. ... HMG CoA reductase inhibition by Simvastatin gets rat β-Myosin heavy chain disappeared: A statin paradox. Open Journal of ...

http://eprints.ibb.waw.pl/469/

... the role of myosin-9 (MYH9) gene variation on transplanted kidney function remains unknown. This study aimed at evaluating the ... Nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II-A (NMMHC-IIA) is a universal contractile protein encoded by MYH9 gene and expressed in muscle ... Pazik, J., Oldak, M., Oziębło, D. et al. Effect of donor non-muscle myosin heavy chain (MYH9) gene polymorphisms on clinically ... Non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA and IIB interact and colocalize in living cells: relevance for MYH9-related disease. Int J ...

https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12882-020-02039-6

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate: implication of the heavy chain of non-muscle myosin IIA.. J Med Genet. 2007 Jun;44(6): ... HomePubblicazioni scientificheCleft lip with or without cleft palate: implication of the heavy chain of non-muscle myosin IIA ... Cleft lip with or without cleft palate: implication of the heavy chain of non-muscle myosin IIA. ...

https://www.carinci.org/2007/06/cleft-lip-with-or-without-cleft-palate-implication-of-the-heavy-chain-of-non-muscle-myosin-iia/

The heterogeneity of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms is closely related to muscle fiber characteristics, and meat quality in ... Dive into the research topics of Effects of intergenic single nucleotide polymorphisms in the fast myosin heavy chain cluster ... N2 - The heterogeneity of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms is closely related to muscle fiber characteristics, and meat ... AB - The heterogeneity of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms is closely related to muscle fiber characteristics, and meat ...

https://koreauniv.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effects-of-intergenic-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-in-the-fast

Mercer, J. A., Seperack, P. K., Strobel, M. C., Copeland, N. G. & Jenkins, N. A. Novel myosin heavy chain encoded by murine ... The type V myosin Myo5a was examined because it is mutated in a human condition called Griscelli syndrome that has skin ... Griscelli disease maps to chromosome 15q21 and is associated with mutations in the myosin-Va gene. Nat. Genet. 16, 289-292 ( ... Fukuda, M. & Kuroda, T. S. Missense mutations in the globular tail of myosin-Va in dilute mice partially impair binding of ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms4540?error=cookies_not_supported

Both young and old rats displayed an increase in developmental myosin heavy chain (MHCdev+) labeling in the exposed muscle, ... Myosin heavy chain; Stretch-shortening contractions ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=%27ergonom%2A%27+or+musculoskeletal+or+repetitive+or+carpal&f1=TI&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=%27ergonom%2A%27+or+musculoskeletal+or+repetitive+or+carpal&terms=3&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&f2=KW&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=206&RecNo=2059&View=f&

Myosin heavy chain fiber type determination was completed on 49 carcasses. Slopes of regression lines and coefficients of ... Loins from heavier carcasses were more tender (decreased SSF; b1 = -0.0674, P < 0.0001), although HCW only explained 9% of the ...

https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=367918

Bandman, E., and Rosser, B. W. C. (2000). Evolutionary Significance of Myosin Heavy Chain Heterogeneity in Birds. Microsc. Res ... myosin, and heavy chain (MYH) gene family were found within the A to B compartment regions. Regarding B to A compartment ... For example, Lactate Dehydrogenase A (LDHA), acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) gene family, long chain fatty acid elongases (ELOVLs) ... Sklan, D., Heifetz, S., and Halevy, O. (2003). Heavier Chicks at Hatch Improves Marketing Body Weight by Enhancing Skeletal ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.782268/full

The E3 Ligase MuRF1 degrades myosin heavy chain protein in dexamethasone-treated skeletal muscle. Cell Metab. 6, 376-385 (2007 ... is a major transcription factor that mediates the transactivation of myofibrillar genes such as myosin heavy chain and skeletal ... A medium-chain triglyceride containing ketogenic diet exacerbates cardiomyopathy in a CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited rat model with ... 4a). The mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (Cpt1b) that is involved in the transport of long-chain fatty ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-56166-8?error=cookies_not_supported&code=3c4dde44-ca39-4ead-94e2-6108c74ea0f6

Myosin Heavy Chains. 1. 2011. 403. 0.090. Why? Oligonucleotides. 1. 2012. 617. 0.090. Why? ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/person/181289/network/researchareas/details

Moreover, numerous genes important for muscle contraction, such as myosin light chain (MLC) and heavy chain (MHC) (Fig. 2e), ... myosin heavy and light chains (e), proteins in the respiratory chain (f), and cytokines and their receptors (g) in human ... Endogenous expression and localization of myostatin and its relation to myosin heavy chain distribution in C2C12 skeletal ... Genetic and epigenetic factors are associated with expression of respiratory chain component NDUFB6 in human skeletal muscle. J ...

https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0792-x

Position of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC‐IIA) mutations predicts the natural history of MYH9‐related disease. *A. ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/C.-Balduini/3567890

... and beta-myosin heavy chains, which are sarcomeric structural proteins; troponins T, I, or C; dystrophin; and sodium channel ... Falk RH, Alexander KM, Liao R, Dorbala S. AL (light-chain) cardiac amyloidosis: a review of diagnosis and therapy. J Am Coll ... Advances in genetic analysis, such as polymerase chain reaction testing, have aided in the discovery of several viruses that ... but they are not universally assessed by molecular methods of viral genome analysis via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152696-overview

Detects mouse IgG1, IgG2A, IgG2B, and IgG3 heavy and light chains in direct ELISA and Western blots. In direct ELISA, less than ...

https://www.rndsystems.com/products/donkey-anti-mouse-igg-biotinylated-antibody_baf018

Myosin heavy chain 11. MYH11. NM_001040113.1. 182. ggaggatgagatcctggtca. ttagccgcacttccagttct. Integrin subunit alpha 8. ITGA8 ... Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the hepatic-specific genes [ALB, α-fetoprotein ... quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. ...

https://medsci.org/v17p0263.htm

Subsequently, they found this to be the gene encoding for beta cardiac myosin heavy chain. (medscape.com)

Here, we show that the NFAT member NFATc2 cooperates with the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MyoD to induce the expression of a specific myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform, the neonatal one, during embryogenesis. (nih.gov)
Modulation of whole-muscle performance by changes in myosin isoform ATPase activity is regarded as a universal mechanism to tune contractile properties, especially in vertebrate muscles. (biologists.com)
A new concept in laryngeal muscle: multiple myosin isoform types in single muscle fibers of the lateral cricoarytenoid. (unipd.it)

Nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II-A (NMMHC-IIA) is a universal contractile protein encoded by MYH9 gene and expressed in muscle and non-muscle cells that engage in maintaining cell shape, adhesion, and division [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Differences in amino acid sequence in catalytically important regions of myosin yield different myosin isoforms with varying ATPase activities and resulting differences in cross-bridge cycling rates and interfilamentary sliding velocities. (biologists.com)
To determine definitively whether contractile properties of squid muscles are regulated via different myosin isoforms (i.e. different ATPase activities), the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the myosin heavy chain from the squid Doryteuthis pealeii were determined from the mantle, arm, tentacle, fin and funnel retractor musculature. (biologists.com)
We identified three myosin heavy chain isoforms in squid muscular tissues, with differences arising at surface loop 1 and the carboxy terminus. (biologists.com)
These results suggest that the muscular tissues of D. pealeii express identical myosin isoforms, and it is likely that differences in muscle ultrastructure, not myosin ATPase activity, represent the most important mechanism for tuning contractile speeds. (biologists.com)
Three-dimensional compartmentalization of myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain isoforms in dog thyroarytenoid muscle. (unipd.it)
11] Toniolo L, Macchi V, Porzionato A, Paoli A, Marchese-Ragona R, De Caro R, Reggiani C. Myosin heavy chain isoforms in human laryngeal muscles: an expression study based on gel electrophoresis. (unipd.it)
The heterogeneity of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms is closely related to muscle fiber characteristics, and meat quality in pigs. (elsevier.com)

Recognises the N-terminal part (S1) of beta slow myosin heavy chain in adult skeletal muscle. (ximbio.com)

MYH9 -RD is caused by mutations of MYH9 , the gene encoding for non-muscle heavy-chain myosin-9. (conicet.gov.ar)
In the remaining 36 patients neither myosin-9 aggregates nor MYH9 mutations were found. (conicet.gov.ar)
MYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is an autosomal-dominant thrombocytopenia caused by mutations in the gene for non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC-IIA). (elsevier.com)
Human disease caused by loss of fast IIa myosin heavy chain due to recessive MYH2 mutations. (ox.ac.uk)
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain and troponin I mutations. (cdc.gov)

Our results identify the myosin-II heavy chain as a new target of Rac-regulated kinase pathways, and implicate Rac as a Rho antagonist during myosin-II-dependent cell-shape changes. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
Here, we found that zipper-interacting protein (ZIP) kinase plays a predominant role in myosin II phosphorylation in mammalian fibroblasts. (rupress.org)
and (c) disruption of ZIP kinase expression by RNA interference diminished myosin phosphorylation, and resulted in the defect of cell polarity and migration efficiency. (rupress.org)
These results suggest that ZIP kinase is critical for myosin phosphorylation and necessary for cell motile processes in mammalian fibroblasts. (rupress.org)

Variations in the arrangement of myosin proteins in the sarcomere or in the myosin protein sequence can lead to changes in myosin activity, thus affecting interfilament sliding velocity and muscle performance. (biologists.com)
The embryonic myosin proteins that are synthesized during the tadpole stages are replaced with adult myosin heavy chains at metamorphosis. (richmond.edu)

Here we show that activation of Rac may antagonize Rho by regulating phosphorylation of the myosin-II heavy chain. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
Reorganization of actomyosin is an essential process for cell migration and myosin regulatory light chain (MLC 20 ) phosphorylation plays a key role in this process. (rupress.org)
Using two phosphorylation site-specific antibodies, we demonstrated that a significant portion of the phosphorylated MLC 20 is diphosphorylated and that the localization of mono- and diphosphorylated myosin is different from each other. (rupress.org)
therefore, it has been thought that the phosphorylation at Ser19 is physiologically an important site for smooth muscle myosin II, thus the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. (rupress.org)

The speed of muscle contraction is largely controlled at the sarcomere level by the ATPase activity of the motor protein myosin. (biologists.com)
Muscular performance, including contractile speed and power output, is largely dictated at the molecular level by the motor protein myosin. (biologists.com)
Composed of two heavy chains and four light chains, muscle myosin-II is a hexameric protein that composes the thick filaments in muscle sarcomeres. (biologists.com)
The myosin heavy chain is composed of three distinct regions: the globular subfragment-1 (S1) head at the N terminus, the flexible subfragment-2 (S2) neck or linker region, which gives flexibility to the protein, and the light meromyosin (LMM) rod at the C terminus. (biologists.com)
The myosin S1 heads (two per myosin protein) include binding sites for ATP and for the thin filament protein actin. (biologists.com)
Labeling with the heavy stable isotope of nitrogen (i.e., (15)N) provides an efficient way for accurate protein quantitation. (wormbase.org)
Link between cardiac myosin binding protein-C gene mutation of Pro1208fs and Gly507 Arg and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Chinese patients]. (cdc.gov)

Myosin-9 aggregates were identified in 82 patients, 80 of which (98%) had also a MYH9 mutation. (conicet.gov.ar)
Despite its established association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) the role of myosin-9 ( MYH9 ) gene variation on transplanted kidney function remains unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Another topic we are investigating is the role of myosin, heavy chain 9 (MYH9) in kidney disease. (bcm.edu)

The present research examines the expression of myosin heavy chain genes in muscle fibers in Xenopus laevis. (richmond.edu)

At least one of the adult myosin genes, called A-7, is expressed only in the adult animals, not in tadpoles. (richmond.edu)

Expression of extraocular myosin heavy chain in rabbit laryngeal muscle. (unipd.it)

Myosin is an enzyme that uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to bind actin, undergo a conformational change (the power stroke) and induce filament sliding, as described in the sliding filament model of muscle contraction ( Huxley, 1969 ). (biologists.com)
The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity. (bvsalud.org)

12] Rossi AC, Mammucari C, Argentini C, Reggiani C, Schiaffino S. Two novel/ancient myosins in mammalian skeletal muscles: MYH14/7b and MYH15 are expressed in extraocular muscles and muscle spindles. (unipd.it)

A) Plan of myogenesis indicating common markers for precursor cells (Pax7) myoblast commitment (Myf5 MyoD) early differentiation (myogenin) and late differentiation (Myosin heavy … We were also Balaglitazone interested in knowing whether DUOXA1 expression was managed in main myoblasts that experienced migrated from your parent fibre. (researchensemble.com)

Except for the presence of aggregates, we did not find any other significant difference between patients with or without aggregates, demonstrating that the myosin-9 inclusions in neutrophils are a pathognomonic sign of the disease. (conicet.gov.ar)

The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS . (bvsalud.org)

2002). Divergence in species and regulatory role of beta -myosin heavy chain proximal promoter muscle-CAT elements. (missouri.edu)

Expression of myosin heavy chain mRNA in rat laryngeal muscles. (unipd.it)
9] Briggs MM, Schachat F. Early specialization of the superfast myosin in extraocular and laryngeal muscles. (unipd.it)

2001). Multiprotein complex formation at the beta myosin heavy chain distal muscle CAT element correlates with slow muscle expression but not mechanical overload responsiveness. (missouri.edu)
expression of early (myogenin) and late (myosin heavy chain) markers of differentiation and elevated levels of apoptosis compared to control cells infected with an empty adenoviral vector Balaglitazone (pCMV5-GFP). (researchensemble.com)

Myosin is defined as a mechano-enzyme molecule which converts the chemical energy stored as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into mechanical energy (muscle contraction). (who.int)

Recombinant fragment (GST-tag) within Human Slow Skeletal Myosin Heavy chain (C terminal). (abcam.com)

New genetic health online resources and testing for myosin-heavy chain myopathy help owners care for their American Quarter Horses. (aqha.com)

Myosin heavy chain fiber type determination was completed on 49 carcasses. (usda.gov)

Detects mouse IgG 1 , IgG 2A , IgG 2B , and IgG 3 heavy and light chains in direct ELISA and Western blots. (rndsystems.com)

Both bradykinin-mediated and constitutive activation of Rac promote cell spreading, accompanied by a loss of cortical myosin II. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)

Anatomy38

Organisms18

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs109

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Evidence for F-actin-dependent and -independent mechanisms involved in assembly and stability of the medial actomyosin ring in fission yeast. (1/2643)

Regulation of chamber-specific gene expression in the developing heart by Irx4. (2/2643)

Chlamydia infections and heart disease linked through antigenic mimicry. (3/2643)

Processing of endogenous pre-mRNAs in association with SC-35 domains is gene specific. (4/2643)

Myogenic signaling of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase requires the serine-threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B. (5/2643)

Coexistence of mitochondrial DNA and beta myosin heavy chain mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with late congestive heart failure. (6/2643)

Altered crossbridge kinetics in the alphaMHC403/+ mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (7/2643)

Age-related changes in contractile properties of single skeletal fibers from the soleus muscle. (8/2643)

Myosin Heavy Chains

Myosins

Myosin Subfragments

Myosin Type II

Myosin Light Chains

Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains

Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB

Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA

Myosin Type V

Ventricular Myosins

Cardiac Myosins

Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch

Muscles

Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch

Muscle, Skeletal

Actins

Smooth Muscle Myosins

Myosin Type I

Muscle Fibers, Skeletal

Protein Isoforms

Molecular Sequence Data

Muscle Development

Amino Acid Sequence

Skeletal Muscle Myosins

Myofibrils

Clathrin Heavy Chains

Base Sequence

Rabbits

Actomyosin

Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase

Heavy Chain Disease

Muscle Proteins

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Myocardium

Muscle Contraction

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Molecular Motor Proteins

RNA, Messenger

Chickens

Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase

Adenosine Triphosphatases

Dictyostelium

Gizzard

Sarcomeres

Muscle, Smooth

Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain

Atrial Myosins

Immunoglobulin Light Chains

Tropomyosin

Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings

Peptide Fragments

Actin Cytoskeleton

Kinetics

Masseter Muscle

Diaphragm

Isomerism

Cells, Cultured

Cloning, Molecular

Gene Expression Regulation

Phosphorylation

Chick Embryo

Immunoglobulin Variable Region

Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains

Mutation

Myosin Type III

Protein Binding

Cell Differentiation

MyoD Protein

Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain

Oculomotor Muscles

Amoeba

Molecular Weight

Hindlimb Suspension

Phenotype

Dyneins

Immunoglobulin mu-Chains

Heart

Cell Line

Laryngeal Muscles

Genes, Immunoglobulin