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Myocardial IschemiaIschemiaBrain IschemiaMyocardial Reperfusion InjuryMyocardiumCoronary CirculationCoronary DiseaseElectrocardiographyReperfusion InjuryExercise TestMyocardial InfarctionMyocardial ReperfusionHeartAngina PectorisCardiotonic AgentsIschemic Preconditioning, MyocardialHemodynamicsDogsElectrocardiography, AmbulatoryCoronary VesselsTime FactorsDisease Models, AnimalHeart RateCoronary AngiographyTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonMyocardial ContractionArrhythmias, CardiacReperfusionRats, Sprague-DawleyMyocardial Perfusion ImagingVentricular Function, LeftCreatine KinaseIschemic PreconditioningIschemic Attack, TransientRats, WistarWarm IschemiaDipyridamoleMyocardial StunningPerfusionBlood PressureThallium RadioisotopesAdenosineCoronary Artery DiseaseCollateral CirculationDobutamineMyocytes, CardiacSwineIntraoperative ComplicationsVasodilator AgentsChest PainEchocardiographyCold IschemiaEchocardiography, StressTroponin IRabbitsHeart VentriclesIschemic PostconditioningGerbillinaeSpinal Cord IschemiaVentricular FibrillationTroponin TAcute DiseaseMitochondria, HeartNitroglycerinAnesthesiaLactic AcidCoronary StenosisAngina, UnstableCardiovascular AgentsProspective StudiesSwine, MiniaturePredictive Value of TestsHeart Function TestsRandom AllocationNecrosisConstrictionAngina Pectoris, VariantCoronary Vessel AnomaliesNeuroprotective AgentsLactatesL-Lactate DehydrogenaseBiological MarkersVentricular Dysfunction, LeftInfarction, Middle Cerebral ArteryMice, Inbred C57BLPeroxidaseCoronary VasospasmAdenosine TriphosphateAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsCoronary Artery BypassApoptosisMicrovascular AnginaOxygen ConsumptionErgonovineDiltiazemRisk FactorsPhosphocreatineTechnetium Tc 99m SestamibiAngioplasty, Balloon, CoronarySensitivity and SpecificityNitric OxideCerebrovascular CirculationNeovascularization, PhysiologicPericardiumThalliumCatsOrganotechnetium CompoundsOxygenArterial Occlusive DiseasesHydroxy AcidsEndocardiumVentricular PressureAsymptomatic DiseasesIodobenzenesCreatine Kinase, MB FormAnti-Arrhythmia AgentsDecanoic AcidsHeart Conduction SystemBlood Flow VelocityCerebral InfarctionAcetanilidesBrainDose-Response Relationship, DrugHindlimbRegional Blood FlowDouble-Blind MethodCardiac Pacing, ArtificialAnalysis of VarianceIsosorbide DinitrateMicrocirculationOxidative StressPrognosisRadiopharmaceuticalsFollow-Up StudiesAcidosisAnoxiaStroke VolumeSeverity of Illness IndexEndothelium, VascularGlyburideTissue SurvivalMice, KnockoutMalondialdehydeChronic DiseaseCardiac CatheterizationCell DeathVascular Surgical ProceduresEnzyme InhibitorsModels, AnimalSignal TransductionSystoleCardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted TomographyMyocardial RevascularizationVectorcardiographyMonitoring, PhysiologicSympathetic Nervous SystemEnergy MetabolismCoronary OcclusionDiastoleCardioplegic SolutionsLigationMicrospheresRisk AssessmentReceptors, Histamine H3Postoperative ComplicationsRats, Inbred StrainsPerioperative CarePotassium ChannelsNorepinephrineMesenteric Vascular OcclusionModels, CardiovascularImmunohistochemistrySus scrofaMyocardial BridgingIn Situ Nick-End LabelingMonitoring, IntraoperativeTachycardiaIntraoperative PeriodNeuronsInjections, Intra-ArterialMucocutaneous Lymph Node SyndromeCell HypoxiaNeutrophilsAtenololCytoprotectionBradykininIsofluranePremedicationCalciumReproducibility of ResultsFractional Flow Reserve, MyocardialBrain EdemaDiabetic AngiopathiesBlotting, WesternCells, CulturedTroponinAntioxidantsReactive Oxygen SpeciesNitric Oxide SynthaseLegVasodilation
Myocardial Ischemia: A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).Ischemia: A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.Brain Ischemia: Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.Myocardial Reperfusion Injury: Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.Coronary Circulation: The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.Coronary Disease: An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.Electrocardiography: Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.Reperfusion Injury: Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.Exercise Test: Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.Myocardial Infarction: NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).Myocardial Reperfusion: Generally, restoration of blood supply to heart tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. Reperfusion can be induced to treat ischemia. Methods include chemical dissolution of an occluding thrombus, administration of vasodilator drugs, angioplasty, catheterization, and artery bypass graft surgery. However, it is thought that reperfusion can itself further damage the ischemic tissue, causing MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.Heart: The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.Angina Pectoris: The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.Cardiotonic Agents: Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may be CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; SYMPATHOMIMETICS; or other drugs. They are used after MYOCARDIAL INFARCT; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; in SHOCK; or in congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial: Exposure of myocardial tissue to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion in order to render the myocardium resistant to the deleterious effects of ISCHEMIA or REPERFUSION. The period of pre-exposure and the number of times the tissue is exposed to ischemia and reperfusion vary, the average being 3 to 5 minutes.Hemodynamics: The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Electrocardiography, Ambulatory: Method in which prolonged electrocardiographic recordings are made on a portable tape recorder (Holter-type system) or solid-state device ("real-time" system), while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It is useful in the diagnosis and management of intermittent cardiac arrhythmias and transient myocardial ischemia.Coronary Vessels: The veins and arteries of the HEART.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Heart Rate: The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.Coronary Angiography: Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon: A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.Myocardial Contraction: Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.Arrhythmias, Cardiac: Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.Reperfusion: Restoration of blood supply to tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. It is primarily a procedure for treating infarction or other ischemia, by enabling viable ischemic tissue to recover, thus limiting further necrosis. However, it is thought that reperfusion can itself further damage the ischemic tissue, causing REPERFUSION INJURY.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: The creation and display of functional images showing where the blood is flowing into the MYOCARDIUM by following over time the distribution of tracers injected into the blood stream.Ventricular Function, Left: The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the left HEART VENTRICLE. Its measurement is an important aspect of the clinical evaluation of patients with heart disease to determine the effects of the disease on cardiac performance.Creatine Kinase: A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.Ischemic Preconditioning: A technique in which tissue is rendered resistant to the deleterious effects of prolonged ISCHEMIA and REPERFUSION by prior exposure to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion. (Am J Physiol 1995 May;268(5 Pt 2):H2063-7, Abstract)Ischemic Attack, Transient: Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Warm Ischemia: A tissue or organ remaining at physiological temperature during decreased BLOOD perfusion or in the absence of blood supply. During ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION it begins when the organ reaches physiological temperature before the completion of SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS and ends with reestablishment of the BLOOD CIRCULATION through the tissue.Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)Myocardial Stunning: Prolonged dysfunction of the myocardium after a brief episode of severe ischemia, with gradual return of contractile activity.Perfusion: Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Thallium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of thallium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Tl atoms with atomic weights 198-202, 204, and 206-210 are thallium radioisotopes.Adenosine: A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.Coronary Artery Disease: Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.Collateral Circulation: Maintenance of blood flow to an organ despite obstruction of a principal vessel. Blood flow is maintained through small vessels.Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.Myocytes, Cardiac: Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Intraoperative Complications: Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.Vasodilator Agents: Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.Chest Pain: Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.Echocardiography: Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.Cold Ischemia: The chilling of a tissue or organ during decreased BLOOD perfusion or in the absence of blood supply. Cold ischemia time during ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION begins when the organ is cooled with a cold perfusion solution after ORGAN PROCUREMENT surgery, and ends after the tissue reaches physiological temperature during implantation procedures.Echocardiography, Stress: A method of recording heart motion and internal structures by combining ultrasonic imaging with exercise testing (EXERCISE TEST) or pharmacologic stress.Troponin I: One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It inhibits F-actin-myosin interactions.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Heart Ventricles: The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.Ischemic Postconditioning: The application of repeated, brief periods of vascular occlusion at the onset of REPERFUSION to reduce REPERFUSION INJURY that follows a prolonged ischemic event. The techniques are similar to ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING but the time of application is after the ischemic event instead of before.Gerbillinae: A subfamily of the Muridae consisting of several genera including Gerbillus, Rhombomys, Tatera, Meriones, and Psammomys.Spinal Cord Ischemia: Reduced blood flow to the spinal cord which is supplied by the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries. This condition may be associated with ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, trauma, emboli, diseases of the aorta, and other disorders. Prolonged ischemia may lead to INFARCTION of spinal cord tissue.Ventricular Fibrillation: A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.Troponin T: One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It is a cardiac-specific protein that binds to TROPOMYOSIN. It is released from damaged or injured heart muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Defects in the gene encoding troponin T result in FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Mitochondria, Heart: The mitochondria of the myocardium.Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Coronary Stenosis: Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.Angina, Unstable: Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Swine, Miniature: Genetically developed small pigs for use in biomedical research. There are several strains - Yucatan miniature, Sinclair miniature, and Minnesota miniature.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Heart Function Tests: Examinations used to diagnose and treat heart conditions.Random Allocation: A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.Necrosis: The pathological process occurring in cells that are dying from irreparable injuries. It is caused by the progressive, uncontrolled action of degradative ENZYMES, leading to MITOCHONDRIAL SWELLING, nuclear flocculation, and cell lysis. It is distinct it from APOPTOSIS, which is a normal, regulated cellular process.Constriction: The act of constricting.Angina Pectoris, Variant: A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.Coronary Vessel Anomalies: Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.Neuroprotective Agents: Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.Lactates: Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.L-Lactate Dehydrogenase: A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Ventricular Dysfunction, Left: A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery: NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.Mice, Inbred C57BLPeroxidase: A hemeprotein from leukocytes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to a hereditary disorder coupled with disseminated moniliasis. It catalyzes the conversion of a donor and peroxide to an oxidized donor and water. EC 1.11.1.7.Coronary Vasospasm: Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.Adenosine Triphosphate: An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.Adrenergic beta-Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.Coronary Artery Bypass: Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Microvascular Angina: ANGINA PECTORIS or angina-like chest pain with a normal coronary arteriogram and positive EXERCISE TEST. The cause of the syndrome is unknown. While its recognition is of clinical importance, its prognosis is excellent. (Braunwald, Heart Disease, 4th ed, p1346; Jablonski Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed). It is different from METABOLIC SYNDROME X, a syndrome characterized by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA, that has increased risk for cardiovascular disease.Oxygen Consumption: The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary: Dilation of an occluded coronary artery (or arteries) by means of a balloon catheter to restore myocardial blood supply.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Nitric Oxide: A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.Cerebrovascular Circulation: The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.Neovascularization, Physiologic: The development of new BLOOD VESSELS during the restoration of BLOOD CIRCULATION during the healing process.Pericardium: A conical fibro-serous sac surrounding the HEART and the roots of the great vessels (AORTA; VENAE CAVAE; PULMONARY ARTERY). Pericardium consists of two sacs: the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The latter consists of an outer parietal layer facing the fibrous pericardium, and an inner visceral layer (epicardium) resting next to the heart, and a pericardial cavity between these two layers.Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.Cats: The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)Organotechnetium Compounds: Organic compounds that contain technetium as an integral part of the molecule. These compounds are often used as radionuclide imaging agents.Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Arterial Occlusive Diseases: Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.Hydroxy Acids: Organic compounds containing both the hydroxyl and carboxyl radicals.Endocardium: The innermost layer of the heart, comprised of endothelial cells.Ventricular Pressure: The pressure within a CARDIAC VENTRICLE. Ventricular pressure waveforms can be measured in the beating heart by catheterization or estimated using imaging techniques (e.g., DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY). The information is useful in evaluating the function of the MYOCARDIUM; CARDIAC VALVES; and PERICARDIUM, particularly with simultaneous measurement of other (e.g., aortic or atrial) pressures.Asymptomatic Diseases: Diseases that do not exhibit symptoms.IodobenzenesCreatine Kinase, MB Form: An isoenzyme of creatine kinase found in the CARDIAC MUSCLE.Anti-Arrhythmia Agents: Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.Decanoic Acids: 10-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.Heart Conduction System: An impulse-conducting system composed of modified cardiac muscle, having the power of spontaneous rhythmicity and conduction more highly developed than the rest of the heart.Blood Flow Velocity: A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.Cerebral Infarction: The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).Acetanilides: Compounds based on N-phenylacetamide, that are similar in structure to 2-PHENYLACETAMIDES. They are precursors of many other compounds. They were formerly used as ANALGESICS and ANTIPYRETICS, but often caused lethal METHEMOGLOBINEMIA.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Hindlimb: Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)Regional Blood Flow: The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Cardiac Pacing, Artificial: Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.Microcirculation: The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.Oxidative Stress: A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Radiopharmaceuticals: Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Acidosis: A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.Anoxia: Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.Stroke Volume: The amount of BLOOD pumped out of the HEART per beat, not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time). It is calculated as the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Endothelium, Vascular: Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions similar to those of chlorpropamide.Tissue Survival: The span of viability of a tissue or an organ.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Cardiac Catheterization: Procedures in which placement of CARDIAC CATHETERS is performed for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.Cell Death: The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.Vascular Surgical Procedures: Operative procedures for the treatment of vascular disorders.Enzyme Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.Models, Animal: Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Systole: Period of contraction of the HEART, especially of the HEART VENTRICLES.Cardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted Tomography: Tomography using single-photon emitting RADIONUCLIDES to create images that are captured in times corresponding to various points in the cardiac cycle.Myocardial Revascularization: The restoration of blood supply to the myocardium. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Vectorcardiography: Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the heart on a plane of the body surface delineated as a vector function of time.Monitoring, Physiologic: The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.Sympathetic Nervous System: The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.Energy Metabolism: The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.Coronary Occlusion: Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS.Diastole: Post-systolic relaxation of the HEART, especially the HEART VENTRICLES.Cardioplegic Solutions: Solutions which, upon administration, will temporarily arrest cardiac activity. They are used in the performance of heart surgery.Ligation: Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.Microspheres: Small uniformly-sized spherical particles, of micrometer dimensions, frequently labeled with radioisotopes or various reagents acting as tags or markers.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Receptors, Histamine H3: A class of histamine receptors discriminated by their pharmacology and mode of action. Histamine H3 receptors were first recognized as inhibitory autoreceptors on histamine-containing nerve terminals and have since been shown to regulate the release of several neurotransmitters in the central and peripheral nervous systems. (From Biochem Soc Trans 1992 Feb;20(1):122-5)Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Rats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Perioperative Care: Interventions to provide care prior to, during, and immediately after surgery.Potassium Channels: Cell membrane glycoproteins that are selectively permeable to potassium ions. At least eight major groups of K channels exist and they are made up of dozens of different subunits.Norepinephrine: Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion: Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)Models, Cardiovascular: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Sus scrofa: A species of SWINE, in the family Suidae, comprising a number of subspecies including the domestic pig Sus scrofa domestica.Myocardial Bridging: A malformation that is characterized by a muscle bridge over a segment of the CORONARY ARTERIES. Systolic contractions of the muscle bridge can lead to narrowing of coronary artery; coronary compression; MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH.In Situ Nick-End Labeling: An in situ method for detecting areas of DNA which are nicked during APOPTOSIS. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is used to add labeled dUTP, in a template-independent manner, to the 3 prime OH ends of either single- or double-stranded DNA. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling, or TUNEL, assay labels apoptosis on a single-cell level, making it more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of DNA FRAGMENTATION.Monitoring, Intraoperative: The constant checking on the state or condition of a patient during the course of a surgical operation (e.g., checking of vital signs).Tachycardia: Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.Intraoperative Period: The period during a surgical operation.Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.Injections, Intra-Arterial: Delivery of drugs into an artery.Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome: An acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. The principal symptoms are fever, congestion of the ocular conjunctivae, reddening of the lips and oral cavity, protuberance of tongue papillae, and edema or erythema of the extremities.Cell Hypoxia: A condition of decreased oxygen content at the cellular level.Neutrophils: Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.Cytoprotection: The process by which chemical compounds provide protection to cells against harmful agents.Bradykinin: A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.Premedication: Preliminary administration of a drug preceding a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure. The commonest types of premedication are antibiotics (ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS) and anti-anxiety agents. It does not include PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION.Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial: The ratio of maximum blood flow to the MYOCARDIUM with CORONARY STENOSIS present, to the maximum equivalent blood flow without stenosis. The measurement is commonly used to verify borderline stenosis of CORONARY ARTERIES.Brain Edema: Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)Diabetic Angiopathies: VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Troponin: One of the minor protein components of skeletal muscle. Its function is to serve as the calcium-binding component in the troponin-tropomyosin B-actin-myosin complex by conferring calcium sensitivity to the cross-linked actin and myosin filaments.Antioxidants: Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.Reactive Oxygen Species: Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.Nitric Oxide Synthase: An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.Leg: The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.Vasodilation: The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase. (1/6685)

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in rat skeletal and cardiac muscle is activated by vigorous exercise and ischaemic stress. Under these conditions AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase causing increased oxidation of fatty acids. Here we show that AMPK co-immunoprecipitates with cardiac endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and phosphorylates Ser-1177 in the presence of Ca2+-calmodulin (CaM) to activate eNOS both in vitro and during ischaemia in rat hearts. In the absence of Ca2+-calmodulin, AMPK also phosphorylates eNOS at Thr-495 in the CaM-binding sequence, resulting in inhibition of eNOS activity but Thr-495 phosphorylation is unchanged during ischaemia. Phosphorylation of eNOS by the AMPK in endothelial cells and myocytes provides a further regulatory link between metabolic stress and cardiovascular function.  (+info)

Differential regulation of Bcl-2, AP-1 and NF-kappaB on cardiomyocyte apoptosis during myocardial ischemic stress adaptation. (2/6685)

Acute ischemia followed by prolonged reperfusion has been shown to induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In this report, we demonstrate that myocardial adaptation to ischemia induced by repeated cyclic episodes of short-term ischemia each followed by another short duration of reperfusion reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and DNA fragmentation. This was associated with the induction of the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and translocation and activation of NF-kappaB. Another transcription factor, AP-1, remained unaffected by repeated ischemia and reperfusion, but exhibited significant upregulation by a single episode of 30 min ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. This activation of AP-1 was inhibited by a scavenger of oxygen free radicals, DMTU. Thirty minutes ischemia and 120 min reperfusion downregulated the induction of the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA, but moderately activated NF-kappaB binding activity. This was associated with an increased number of apoptotic cells and DNA fragmentation in cardiomyocytes which were attenuated by DMTU. The results of this study indicate that Bcl-2, AP-1 and NF-kappaB differentially regulate cardiomyocyte apoptosis mediated by acute ischemia and prolonged reperfusion.  (+info)

Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies are associated with an atherogenic lipid profile. (3/6685)

OBJECTIVE: To determine, within a representative population group of men and women, whether alteration of the lipid profile might underlie the reported association between Chlamydia pneumoniae and ischaemic heart disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross sectional survey in an area with a high incidence of ischaemic heart disease. SUBJECTS: 400 randomly selected participants in the World Health Organisation MONICA project's third population survey in Northern Ireland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Stored sera were examined by microimmunofluorescence for IgG antibodies to C pneumoniae at a dilution of 1 in 64. Mean total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were compared between seropositive and seronegative individuals with adjustment for age, measures of socioeconomic status, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and the season during which blood had been taken. RESULTS: In seropositive men, adjusted mean serum total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were 0.5 mmol/l (9.2%) higher and 0.11 mmol/l (9.3%) lower, respectively, than in seronegative men. Differences in women did not achieve statistical significance, but both total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were higher (3.6% and 5.8%, respectively) in seropositive than in seronegative individuals. CONCLUSIONS: There is serological evidence that C pneumoniae infection is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile in men. Altered lipid levels may underlie the association between C pneumoniae and ischaemic heart disease.  (+info)

Cytomegalovirus seropositivity and incident ischaemic heart disease in the Caerphilly prospective heart disease study. (4/6685)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in primary ischaemic heart disease. METHODS: Plasma specimens collected during 1979-83 from men in Caerphilly, south Wales, were analysed for IgG antibodies to CMV by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and latex tests. Incident ischaemic heart disease events were ascertained after five and 10 years from death certificates, hospital records, and ECG changes; 195 incident ischaemic heart disease cases were compared with 216 controls of a similar age drawn from the rest of the cohort. RESULTS: 164 cases (84%) and 180 controls (83%) were seropositive for CMV. Optical density, an indicator of CMV antibody titre, was similar for cases and controls. Among controls, seropositivity was not associated with age, socioeconomic status currently or in childhood, smoking, height, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, or leucocyte count. The unadjusted odds ratio relating CMV seropositivity to incident ischaemic heart disease was 1.06 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 1.79) and was little changed (1.11, 0.63 to 1.97) after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and socioeconomic status currently and in childhood. CONCLUSIONS: CMV infection is unlikely to be a strong risk factor for development of myocardial infarction in middle aged men.  (+info)

Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the activation of heat shock factor 1 in ischemic-reperfused heart. (5/6685)

BACKGROUND: The myocardial protective role of heat shock protein (HSP) has been demonstrated. Recently, we reported that ischemia/reperfusion induced a significant activation of heat shock factor (HSF) 1 and an accumulation of mRNA for HSP70 and HSP90. We examined the role of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in the induction of stress response in the ischemic-reperfused heart. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rat hearts were isolated and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer by the Langendorff method. Whole-cell extracts were prepared for gel mobility shift assay using oligonucleotides containing the heat shock element. Induction of mRNA for HSP70 and HSP90 was examined by Northern blot analysis. Repetitive ischemia/reperfusion, which causes recurrent bursts of free radical generation, resulted in burst activation of HSF1, and this burst activation was significantly reduced with either allopurinol 1 mmol/L (an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase) or catalase 2x10(5) U/L (a scavenger of H2O2). Significant activation of HSF1 was observed on perfusion with buffer containing H2O2 150 micromol/L or xanthine 1 mmol/L plus xanthine oxidase 5 U/L. The accumulation of mRNA for HSP70 or HSP90 after repetitive ischemia/reperfusion was reduced with either allopurinol or catalase. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that ROSs play an important role in the activation of HSF1 and the accumulation of mRNA for HSP70 and HSP90 in the ischemic-reperfused heart.  (+info)

Bradykinin promotes ischemic norepinephrine release in guinea pig and human hearts. (6/6685)

We previously reported that bradykinin (BK; 1-1000 nM) facilitates norepinephrine (NE) release from cardiac sympathetic nerves. Because BK production increases in myocardial ischemia, endogenous BK could foster NE release and associated arrhythmias. We tested this hypothesis in guinea pig and human myocardial ischemia models. BK administration (100 nM) markedly enhanced exocytotic and carrier-mediated NE overflow from guinea pig hearts subjected to 10- and 20-min ischemia/reperfusion, respectively. Ventricular fibrillation invariably occurred after 20-min global ischemia; BK prolonged its duration 3-fold. The BK B2 receptor antagonist HOE140 (30 nM) blocked the effects of BK, whereas the B1 receptor antagonist des-Arg9-Leu8-BK (1 microM; i.e., 2.5 x pA2) did not. When serine proteinase inhibitors (500 KIU/ml aprotinin and 100 microg/ml soybean trypsin inhibitor) were used to prevent the formation of endogenous BK, NE overflow and reperfusion arrhythmias were diminished. In contrast, when kininase I and II inhibitors (DL-2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropanoic acid and enalaprilat, each 1 microM) were used to prevent the degradation of endogenous BK, NE overflow and reperfusion arrhythmias were enhanced. B2 receptor blockade abolished these effects but was ineffective if kininases were not inhibited. B2 receptor stimulation, by either exogenous or endogenous BK, also markedly enhanced carrier-mediated NE release in the human myocardial ischemia model; conversely, inhibition of BK biosynthesis diminished ischemic NE release. Because atherosclerotic heart disease impairs endothelial BK production, in myocardial ischemia BK could accumulate at sympathetic nerve endings, thus augmenting exocytotic and carrier-mediated NE release and favoring coronary vasoconstriction and arrhythmias.  (+info)

Labeling of the internal pool of GP IIb-IIIa in platelets by c7E3 Fab fragments (abciximab): flow and endocytic mechanisms contribute to the transport. (7/6685)

Abciximab is a new antiplatelet therapeutic in ischemic cardiovascular disease. The drug, chimeric Fab fragments of a murine monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (c7E3), blocks GP IIb-IIIa function. However, its capacity to reach all receptor pools in platelets is unknown. Electron microscopy and immunogold labeling were used to localize abciximab in platelets of patients receiving the drug for up to 24 hours. Studies on frozen-thin sections showed that c7E3 Fab, in addition to the surface pool, also labeled the surface-connected canalicular system (SCCS) and alpha-granules. Analysis of gold particle distribution showed that intraplatelet labeling was not accumulative and in equilibrium with the surface pool. After short-term incubations of platelets with c7E3 Fab in vitro, gold particles were often seen in lines within thin elements of the SCCS, some of which appeared in contact with alpha-granules. Little labeling was associated with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia platelets, confirming that the channels contained bound and not free c7E3 Fab. Endocytosis of abciximab in clathrin-containing vesicles was visualized by double staining and constitutes an alternative mechanism of transport. The remaining free pool of GP IIb-IIIa was evaluated with the MoAb AP-2; flow cytometry showed it to be about 9% on the surface of nonstimulated platelets but 33% on thrombin-activated platelets. The ability of drugs to block all pools of GP IIb-IIIa and then to be associated with secretion-dependent residual aggregation must be considered when evaluating their efficiency in a clinical context.  (+info)

An inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase protects neonatal cardiac myocytes from ischemia. (8/6685)

Cellular ischemia results in activation of a number of kinases, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); however, it is not yet clear whether p38 MAPK activation plays a role in cellular damage or is part of a protective response against ischemia. We have developed a model to study ischemia in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. In this model, two distinct phases of p38 MAPK activation were observed during ischemia. The first phase began within 10 min and lasted less than 1 h, and the second began after 2 h and lasted throughout the ischemic period. Similar to previous studies using in vivo models, the nonspecific activator of p38 MAPK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, anisomycin, protected cardiac myocytes from ischemic injury, decreasing the release of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase by approximately 25%. We demonstrated, however, that a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, SB 203580, also protected cardiac myocytes against extended ischemia in a dose-dependent manner. The protective effect was seen even when the inhibitor was present during only the second, sustained phase of p38 MAPK activation. We found that ischemia induced apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes and that SB 203580 reduced activation of caspase-3, a key event in apoptosis. These results suggest that p38 MAPK induces apoptosis during ischemia in cardiac myocytes and that selective inhibition of p38 MAPK could be developed as a potential therapy for ischemic heart disease.  (+info)

Stable Ischemic Heart Disease - Guideline CentralStable Ischemic Heart Disease - Guideline Central
The Stable Ischemic Heart Disease (SIHD) GUIDELINES Pocket Card is endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and the American Heart Association (AHA). It is based on their latest guidelines. This practical quick-reference tool contains screening, risk assessment and diagnostic recommendations; multiple diagnostic and treatment tables and algorithms, drug and interventional therapy, patient education and follow-up recommendations. The Stable Ischemic Heart Disease GUIDELINES Pocket Cards provides all that is needed to make accurate clinical decisions at the point of care.. Whats Inside:. ...
Updated Appropriate Use Criteria Address Coronary Revascularization for Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease | STSUpdated Appropriate Use Criteria Address Coronary Revascularization for Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease | STS
Document is the second of the updated two-part criteria for coronary revascularization WASHINGTON (March 10, 2017) - The American College of Cardiology, along with several partnering organizations, today released updated appropriate use criteria for performing coronary revascularization in patients with stable ischemic heart disease.
At Issue: ISCHEMIA trials provoke debate on treatment of stable ischemic heart diseaseAt Issue: ISCHEMIA trials provoke debate on treatment of stable ischemic heart disease
Healio asked experts for their key takeaways from the ISCHEMIA and ISCHEMIA-CKD trials of invasive vs. conservative strategies in patients with stable ischemic heart disease.
Human cardiosphere-derived cells from patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease can be routinely expanded from atrial but...Human cardiosphere-derived cells from patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease can be routinely expanded from atrial but...
To investigate the effects of age and disease on endogenous cardiac progenitor cells, we obtained right atrial and left ventricular epicardial biopsies from patients (n = 22) with chronic ischaemic heart disease and measured doubling time and surface marker expression in explant- and cardiosphere-derived cells (EDCs, CDCs). EDCs could be expanded from all atrial biopsy samples, but sufficient cells for cardiosphere culture were obtained from only 8 of 22 ventricular biopsies. EDCs from both atrium and ventricle contained a higher proportion of c-kit+ cells than CDCs, which contained few such cells. There was wide variation in expression of CD90 (atrial CDCs 5-92 % CD90+; ventricular CDCs 11-89 % CD90+), with atrial CDCs cultured from diabetic patients (n = 4) containing 1.6-fold more CD90+ cells than those from non-diabetic patients (n = 18). No effect of age or other co-morbidities was detected. Thus, CDCs from atrial biopsies may vary in their therapeutic potential.
Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Stable Ischemic Heart DiseaseCanadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
This overview provides a guideline for the management of stable ischemic heart disease. It represents the work of a primary and secondary panel of participants from across Canada who achieved consensus on behalf of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society. The suggestions and recommendations are intended …
Is it Form or Function? | JACC: Cardiovascular InterventionsIs it Form or Function? | JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions
Treatment selection for stable ischemic heart disease patients remains a work in progress. The stable ischemic heart disease guidelines published in 2012 (1) address 2 pathways to progress from medical therapy only toward revascularization: unsatisfactorily controlled symptoms or high-risk features on the basis of noninvasive testing. For patients without compelling symptoms, the risk stratification by noninvasive ischemia testing provides the gateway to move beyond medical therapy only. The ongoing ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches) trial (2) is using this measure in an attempt to identify a relatively high-risk group in whom revascularization may be beneficial. Much of the rationale for the trial springs from the failure of the COURAGE (Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation) trial (3) or the BARI 2D (Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes) trial (4) to show a ...
Environmental Health Perspectives - Associations of Mortality with Long-Term Exposures to Fine and Ultrafine Particles,...Environmental Health Perspectives - Associations of Mortality with Long-Term Exposures to Fine and Ultrafine Particles,...
Our analysis of long-term exposure to the mass and constituents of PM2.5 and UF particles revealed several statistically significant associations with all-cause, cardiovascular, and IHD mortality. For PM2.5, high-sulfur content fuel combustion was associated with all three end points, and nitrates were associated with cardiovascular and IHD mortality. Several other constituents reached statistical significance with IHD mortality including PM2.5 mass, Cu, EC, and the SOAs, as well as the sources including gas- and diesel-fueled vehicles, meat cooking, and high-sulfur fuel combustion. Among the PM2.5 constituents, based on their associated IQRs, nitrate had the highest HR and provided the best fit of the data. For UFs, constituents such as SOA_ant, EC, and "other" metals exhibited statistically significant associations with IHD mortality, as did all of the mobile sources and high-sulfur fuel combustion. For both PM2.5 and UF particles, several constituents generated higher HRs based on their ...
Increased calcium intake was associated with decreased risk of ischaemic heart disease mortality in postmenopausal women |...Increased calcium intake was associated with decreased risk of ischaemic heart disease mortality in postmenopausal women |...
The results of Bostick et al suggest that among postmenopausal women, the risk of dying of IHD may be reduced by consuming relatively high concentrations of calcium. This association seems plausible given the findings of previous research showing that higher consumption of calcium lowers blood cholesterol concentrations,1 may reduce blood pressure,2 and may prevent hypertension.. The strengths of this study are that it was prospective and included a large, well defined cohort derived from a general population. In addition, the validity of the nutritional questionnaire is impressive and well supported by published data. The limitations of the study are the many confounders related to the evaluation of the effects of vitamins and minerals on health or disease states. Data on possible confounders, such as sunlight exposure as a source of vitamin D, were not provided.. The findings suggest that there is no increase in IHD mortality as a result of increased calcium intake, provided the calcium does ...
Global myocardial ischemia in the newborn, juvenile, and adult isolated isovolumic rabbit heart. Age-related differences in...Global myocardial ischemia in the newborn, juvenile, and adult isolated isovolumic rabbit heart. Age-related differences in...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Global myocardial ischemia in the newborn, juvenile, and adult isolated isovolumic rabbit heart. Age-related differences in systolic function, diastolic stiffness, coronary resistance, myocardial oxygen consumption, and extracellular pH. AU - Parrish, M. D.. AU - Payne, A.. AU - Fixler, David E. PY - 1987/1/1. Y1 - 1987/1/1. N2 - Controversy persists over the relative tolerance of the immature myocardium to global ischemia. Thus, we evaluated the physiologic effects of 30, 60, and 180 minutes of global ischemia in an isolated, isovolumic rabbit heart model, at 3 different ages: newborns (less than 1 week of age) (n = 36), juveniles (4 to 6 weeks old) (n = 36), and adults (5 to 7 months old) (n = 36). Following 30 and 60 minutes of ischemia, respectively, adults recovered 87 ± 4% (mean ± SEM) and 90 ± 7% of baseline systolic function, and juveniles recovered 91 ± 10% and 85 ± 8%. In contrast, newborns recovered only 27 ± 6% and 28 ± 4% of baseline systolic function (p , ...
Imaging by nuclear magnetic resonance in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. | CirculationImaging by nuclear magnetic resonance in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. | Circulation
Cardiac anatomy was defined by gated nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging at a magnetic field strength of 3.5 kGauss in eight normal subjects and 10 patients with chronic myocardial infarctions. Multisectional imaging was performed with the spin-echo technique and encompassed most of the left ventricle in an imaging time of 5 to 12 min. In all subjects internal cardiac structure was well delineated without the use of any type of contrast medium. The myocardial wall-blood interface was sharply defined, resulting in visualization of trabeculations, papillary muscle, and chordal structures in both ventricles. In patients with ischemic heart disease, the extent of postinfarctional wall thinning, aneurysms, and mural thrombi were depicted on NMR images. Images obtained with the second spin-echo (delay time = 56 msec) demonstrated high signal intensity in regions of the left ventricular chamber adjacent to the site of aneurysms or infarctions; this finding suggested stasis of blood in a region of ...
ACCEL: The Guidelines for Managing Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease - American College of CardiologyACCEL: The Guidelines for Managing Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease - American College of Cardiology
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has recently emerged as a noninvasive method to image the coronary arteries. CCTA has a negative predictive value of nearly 100% for the detection of coronary artery disease (demonstrated in the trial known as ROMICAT). This approach has been investigated recently as a means of helping sort out which patients presenting to an emergency department with chest pain are safe to treat and then discharge as opposed to treat urgently and then admit. It is a huge challenge.. In a nonurgent setting, the guidelines state CCTA may be reasonable for patients with an intermediate pretest probability of SIHD who have at least moderate physical functioning or no disabling comorbidity. CCTA is reasonable for these same patients with an intermediate pretest probability of SIHD who a) have continued symptoms with prior normal test findings, or b) have inconclusive results from prior exercise or pharmacological stress testing, or c) are unable to undergo stress with ...
Quantification of Myocardial Segmental Function in Acute and Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease and Implications for Cardiovascular...Quantification of Myocardial Segmental Function in Acute and Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease and Implications for Cardiovascular...
Assessment of improvement in LV function after cell therapy may be a more difficult task than simply assessing a change in overall LVEF. This may be particularly true in the setting of acute myocardial infarction where hyperdynamic contraction of remote regions may elevate LVEF. Quantified measures of LV segmental myocardial strain may allow for better recognition of these early and subtle improvements in myocardial function in the peri-infarct region following cell therapy. For example, early after reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction, there was no significant difference in the improvement in LVEF comparing patients treated with cells and controls (9). However, strain of infarcted segments improved significantly more in the cell-treated group. In another pilot study, 12 patients who received intramyocardial autologous cells during coronary artery bypass surgery were evaluated with echocardiography before and 1 year after injection (44). On average, longitudinal strain increased 40% in ...
Risk factors for ischaemic heart disease mortality among men with different occupational physical demands. A 30-year...Risk factors for ischaemic heart disease mortality among men with different occupational physical demands. A 30-year...
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When Is Concern About Silent Myocardial Ischemia Justified? | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of PhysiciansWhen Is Concern About Silent Myocardial Ischemia Justified? | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians
Primary physicians need to know more about the prognostic and therapeutic implications of silent (asymptomatic, painless) myocardial ischemia. There is growing concern that certain asymptomatic patients with coronary artery disease, who repeatedly have silent ischemia, may be at increased risk for a serious cardiac event. This concern is based on the large number of patients with coronary artery disease whose first clinical manifestation of that disease is sudden death or a myocardial infarction.. What is silent myocardial ischemia? Usually, we equate angina with myocardial ischemia, but the former is merely the subjective manifestation of the latter, and chest pain or ...
What does Reversible Myocardial Ischaemia mean ? - Doctors insight on HealthcareMagicWhat does Reversible Myocardial Ischaemia mean ? - Doctor's insight on HealthcareMagic
Question - What does Reversible Myocardial Ischaemia mean ?. Ask a Doctor about diagnosis, treatment and medication for Hypothyroidism, Ask a Cardiologist
Signal peptide increases the efficacy of angiogenic gene transfer for treatment of myocardial ischemia. | PubFacts.comSignal peptide increases the efficacy of angiogenic gene transfer for treatment of myocardial ischemia. | PubFacts.com
We have previously shown that intracoronary delivery of recombinant adenoviruses encoding angiogenic proteins that contain signal peptides (fibroblast growth factor-4 and fibroblast growth factor-5) ameliorate myocardial ischemia. In the present paper, we test the hypothesis that the presence of the signal peptide is an important element in the favorable effects that transgene expression has on regional flow and function in an animal model of myocardial ischemia. We performed intracoronary delivery of two different recombinant adenoviruses encoding a fibroblast growth factor-2 variant, one with a signal peptide, FGF-2LI(+sp), and one without a signal peptide, FGF-2LI(-sp). In a model of stress-induced myocardial ischemia, intracoronary injection of these recombinants resulted in mRNA and protein expression of the transferred gene. Two weeks after gene transfer, regional abnormalities in stress-induced function and blood flow were improved after delivery of FGF-2LI containing the signal peptide. ...
Ischaemic heart disease - definition of Ischaemic heart disease by The Free DictionaryIschaemic heart disease - definition of Ischaemic heart disease by The Free Dictionary
Define Ischaemic heart disease. Ischaemic heart disease synonyms, Ischaemic heart disease pronunciation, Ischaemic heart disease translation, English dictionary definition of Ischaemic heart disease. n. Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, often leading to angina pectoris or heart attack, and associated with risk factors such as hypertension,...
Does Dobutamine Stress Perfusion Imaging Solve the Riddle of Ischemia in LBBB? | JACC: Cardiovascular ImagingDoes Dobutamine Stress Perfusion Imaging Solve the Riddle of Ischemia in LBBB? | JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging
In patients with an intermediate likelihood for the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), most of todays guidelines require proof of myocardial ischemia before invasive angiography. Similarly, significant myocardial ischemia should be demonstrated before revascularization. The most recent European Society of Cardiology guidelines for patients with stable coronary artery disease leave the choice of the test to the practitioner on the basis of local expertise (1). The recently published multimodality appropriateness criteria for detection and risk assessment in stable ischemic heart disease have rated various imaging modalities on the basis of existing evidence, assuming they are equally available with appropriate quality and expertise, while suggesting to keep cost-effectiveness and value in mind when ordering such tests (2).. Direct comparisons between different imaging modalities are rare, as patients have to undergo both imaging modalities as well as an invasive reference standard to ...
Ischaemic Heart Disease: Causes, Signs and SymptomsIschaemic Heart Disease: Causes, Signs and Symptoms
Ischaemic heart disease is the number one cause of death in the United States, and it is one of the leading reasons for admittance to hospitals. Also known as myocardial ischaemia, it is the condition of restricted blood flow to the heart. This is typically the result of other heart disease, including atherosclerosis.. CAUSES OF ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE. "Ischaemic" refers to a restriction in blood supply to any organ, and the cause of ischaemic heart disease is restricted blood flow to the heart. This is typically caused by atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, in which plaque (cholesterol) attaches to the walls of the arteries and impedes blood flow. When the heart does not get enough blood, parts of it can die or become dysfunctional. When blood cannot flow to the heart, fresh oxygen cannot be supplied.. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE. Ischaemic heart disease is frequently known as "the silent killer," as it affects fourteen million Americans every year, and three to ...
Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality Associations with Long-Term... : EpidemiologyIschemic Heart Disease Mortality Associations with Long-Term... : Epidemiology
The major U.S. PM2.5 sources identified, their key tracer elements, and their mean nationwide PM2.5 impacts were: Soil (Ca, Si) 0.8 ug/m3; Metals (Pb, Zn) 0.2 ug/m3; Traffic (OC, EC, NO2) 4.6 ug/m3 ; Steel (Fe, Mn) , 0.1 ug/m3; Coal Combustion (As, Se) 1.1 ug/m3; Oil Combustion (V, Ni) 0.9 ug/m3; Salt (Na, Cl) 0.1 ug/m3; Biomass burning 1.3 ug/m3; Other Sulfates (S) 4.3 ug/m3; Other Nitrates (NO3 -) 0.6 ug/m3; and, Other Organic Carbon (OC) 0.5 ug/m3. While most industrial and fossil fuel combustion categories had relative risk (RR) estimates above 1.0 for IHD deaths, coal combustion and traffic emission-related particles were among the largest and strongest PM2.5-mortality associations.. ...
Diet and incident ischaemic heart disease : the Caerphilly Study -ORCADiet and incident ischaemic heart disease : the Caerphilly Study -ORCA
The Caerphilly Prospective Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) Study is based on a sample of 2512 men aged 45-59 years when first seen. Nutrient intakes, estimated using a self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, are available for 2423 men (96 %). Amongst these, 148 major IHD events occurred during the first 5 years of follow-up. Associations were examined between these events and baseline diet. Incident IHD (new events) was negatively associated with total energy intake: men who went on to experience an IHD event had consumed 560 kJ (134 kcal)/d (6%) less at baseline than men who experienced no event (P = 0.01). The relative odds of an IHD event was 1.5 among men in the lowest fifth of energy intake, compared with 1.3,1.2,0.9 and 1.0 respectively for the other four fifths (P , 0.05). The difference in energy intake was reflected in lower intakes of every nutrient examined. When expressed as a percentage of total energy, mean intakes of men who experienced an IHD event were ...
International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) - Full Text View -...International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) - Full Text View -...
The purpose of the ISCHEMIA trial is to determine the best management strategy for higher-risk patients with stable ischemic heart disease. This is a multicenter randomized controlled trial with a target enrollment of ~5000 patients with at least moderate ischemia on stress imaging. Patients will be assigned at random to a routine invasive strategy (INV) with cardiac catheterization (cath) followed by revascularization plus optimal medical therapy (OMT) or to a conservative strategy (CON) of OMT, with cath and revascularization reserved for those who fail OMT.. SPECIFIC AIMS. A. Primary Aim The primary aim of the ISCHEMIA trial is to determine whether an initial invasive strategy of cardiac catheterization followed by optimal revascularization, if feasible, in addition to OMT, will reduce the primary composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction in participants with SIHD and at least moderate ischemia over an average follow-up of approximately 4 years compared with ...
International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) - Full Text View -...International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) - Full Text View -...
BACKGROUND:. Evidence supporting a routine invasive practice paradigm for patients with SIHD is outdated. In strategy trials conducted in the 1970s, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) improved survival as compared with no CABG in SIHD patients with high-risk anatomic features. The relevance of these studies today is speculative because contemporary secondary prevention-aspirin, beta-blockers, statins, ACE inhibitors, and lifestyle interventions-were used minimally if at all. Subsequent trials have compared percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with medical therapy, as PCI has replaced CABG as the dominant method of revascularization for SIHD. To date, PCI has not been shown to reduce death or myocardial infarction (MI) compared with medical therapy in SIHD patients.. COURAGE and BARI 2D, the two largest trials comparing coronary revascularization vs. medical therapy in SIHD patients, found that among patients selected on the basis of coronary anatomy after cardiac catheterization, an ...
Relationship among mental stress-induced ischemia and ischemia during daily life and during exercise: the Psychophysiologic...Relationship among mental stress-induced ischemia and ischemia during daily life and during exercise: the Psychophysiologic...
Our study sheds light on why patients with mental stress ischemia were more likely to experience AECG ischemia during daily life activities. The heightened resting hemodynamics and more exaggerated peak hemodynamic response to mental stress in patients who experience daily life ischemia suggest that they may be in a chronic state of increased sympathetic arousal, and more prone to an exaggerated sympathetic systemic response to mental or exercise stress as well. The HR at rest and in response to stress was lower in our patients with daily life ischemia compared with the patients without daily life ischemia, which may represent a reflex response to the chronically increased EF and SV. We found no correlation between the level of serum epinephrine or norepinephrine at rest or at peak stress and the presence or absence of daily life ischemia, but these may not be an adequate gauge of either a chronic or an acute state of arousal or associated vascular effects.. The strong association between the ...
Global Myocardial Ischemia Market 2018 : Emerging Trend In Cardiology World Facts and Forecasts 2023 | MedgadgetGlobal Myocardial Ischemia Market 2018 : Emerging Trend In Cardiology World Facts and Forecasts 2023 | Medgadget
Market Research Future published a study report on Myocardial Ischemia Market. This report studies the global market size, industry status and forecast,
Speckle tracking Echocardiography is a sensitive tool for the detection of myocardial ischemia : A pilot study from the...Speckle tracking Echocardiography is a sensitive tool for the detection of myocardial ischemia : A pilot study from the...
Analysis of rotational myocardial motion has been reported to be a sensitive index of myocardial ischemia. In this study, circumferential and radial myocardial strain and displacement was monitored during angioplasty balloon-induced myocardial ischemia in 8 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The circumferential and radial variables were measured simultaneously in parasternal short-axis view at the papillary muscle level using the recently introduced speckle tracking echocardiography technique that allows 2-dimensional, angle-independent, real-time evaluation of the myocardial motion (2-dimensional strain modality). Acute regional myocardial ischemia caused a significant reduction of circumferential (-35.6 +/- 23.1%) and radial (-27.1 +/- 23.2%) strain and displacement (-49.6 +/- 27.2% and -43.2 +/- 26.8%, respectively). Simultaneously, time to the respective peak systolic values became significantly prolonged, the circumferential ischemic response in temporal domain being ...
BMJ Best PracticeBMJ Best Practice
The guidelines described here specifically address the clinical syndrome of stable ischaemic heart disease (SIHD), which is defined by the presence of confirmed obstructive coronary artery disease without recent (,1 year) acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous intervention. [2] Fihn SD, Blankenship JC, Alexander KP, et al. 2014 ACC/AHA/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS focused update of the guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:1929-1949. http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1891717 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25077860?tool=bestpractice.com This clinical syndrome includes patients with stable angina pain syndromes and patients with low-risk unstable angina. Angina is considered unstable if it occurs at rest, is new in onset, and is severe (occurs with walking 1 flight of stairs, or similar low level of exertion), or if it is increasing in severity or frequency requiring markedly less provocation in patients ...
Prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia during exercise stress testing. Its relation to effort tolerance and myocardial...Prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia during exercise stress testing. Its relation to effort tolerance and myocardial...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia during exercise stress testing. Its relation to effort tolerance and myocardial perfusion abnormalities. AU - Fragasso, G.. AU - Sciammarella, M. G.. AU - Rossetti, E. E.. AU - Xuereb, R. G.. AU - Xuereb, M.. AU - Bonetti, F.. AU - Carandente, O. M.. AU - Margonato, A.. AU - Chierchia, S. L.. PY - 1992. Y1 - 1992. N2 - The number of underperfused myocardial segments, the extent of coronary artery disease and the severity of impairment of coronary flow reserve were compared in 147 consecutive patients exhibiting painful or painless ischaemic ST segment depression on exercise testing. Of 147 patients, only 61 (41%) experienced angina (group 1) whilst 86 (59%) did not (group 2). In the two groups coronary disease was comparable for both extent and distribution, and neither the location of transient perfusion defects nor their relation to areas of old myocardial necrosis appeared to influence the presence or absence of chest pain. However, ...
An Unexpected Etiology of Myocardial Ischemia in Young - An Unexpected Etiology of Myocardial Ischemia in Young - Open Access...An Unexpected Etiology of Myocardial Ischemia in Young - An Unexpected Etiology of Myocardial Ischemia in Young - Open Access...
Introduction The cardiac localization of hydatid cyst (HC) is rare and little known. It is exceptionally primary and isolated. Myocardial ischemia remains an exceptional and unusual manifestation of this localization. We report the original observation of cardiac HC revealed by acute myocardial ischemia in a young subject. Observation A 35-year-old patient with no notable pathological history was admitted to our department via the emergency room for acute anterior chest pain. The somatic examination was without abnormalities as well as the baseline biological tests. The electrocardiogram demonstrated epicardial ischemia in the infero-lateral territory without other abnormalities. The cardiac troponin I was slightly elevated (32ng/l, N|19ng/l). Subsequent controls after 30min, 60min and 180min did not show significant variations. Subsequent investigations (CT, coro-CT, coronary angiography) led to the diagnosis of intramyocardial HC of the left ventricle, with no abnormalities of the coronary arteries.
Intracardiac electrode detection of early ischaemia in man. | HeartIntracardiac electrode detection of early ischaemia in man. | Heart
We have evaluated an intracardiac technique for the study of the electrophysiological patterns of early or subendocardial ischaemia in man. Simultaneous recordings of the paced endocardial evoked response and monophasic action potentials were obtained during pacing stress testing in 10 patients with reversible myocardial ischaemia. Early patterns of change occurred in both these recordings in response to regional ischaemia. Abnormal rate corrected shortening of the local repolarisation time in the paced endocardial evoked response from the left ventricular ischaemic zone diverging from control non-ischaemic values by a mean of 10.6% was paralleled by decreases in the simultaneous paced monophasic action potentials duration. A differential delay in the local activation time and conduction was also documented by the paced endocardial evoked response and monophasic action potential electrodes. Non-ischaemic control zones showed no changes in the pattern of activation and repolarisation. Disparate ...
JCI - Stable ischemic heart disease: how to keep it that wayJCI - Stable ischemic heart disease: how to keep it that way
During the more than 15 years since the conduct of the COURAGE trial, the evaluation and management of coronary disease continued to evolve, and our assessment of the risk of transitioning from stable to unstable ischemic disease shifted from the importance of what has been termed hemodynamically significant stenoses, even as defined using fractional flow reserve (12), to total atherosclerotic burden, which can be assessed noninvasively with coronary calcium scoring (13, 14). At the same time, invasive and medical therapies for stable disease significantly improved with the use of drug-eluting stents, better antithrombotic regimens, and more aggressive lipid-lowering therapies and goals.. Thus, the stage was set then for the ISCHEMIA trial, addressing the same questions in the current era (2). Dr. Hochman and her collaborators studied, in stable patients with moderate or severe ischemia on a stress test, whether there was a benefit of performing coronary angiography and, if feasible, ...
Current perspectives therapeutic approach in patients with stable angina<...Current perspectives therapeutic approach in patients with stable angina<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Current perspectives therapeutic approach in patients with stable angina. AU - Lettino, Maddalena. AU - Falcone, Colomba. AU - Tavazzi, Luigi. PY - 2005/1. Y1 - 2005/1. N2 - Which therapeutic strategy among medical, interventional and surgical options should be preferred in patients with chronic stable ischemic heart disease is an important public health problem. The available scientific evidence does not help much to facilitate the choice among the three available strategies of medical treatment, percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting. In this area practice-based medicine overwhelms evidence-based medicine. However, existing findings are discussed. The present experience in diabetic patients is highlighted; in such patients surgery is generally recommended but the results obtained by percutaneous coronary intervention with the currently available tools are improving markedly. Pharmacological therapy is also improving, particularly in the ...
Abstract 12808: Transendocardial Cell Injection is Not Superior to Intracoronary Infusion in a Porcine Model of Chronic...Abstract 12808: Transendocardial Cell Injection is Not Superior to Intracoronary Infusion in a Porcine Model of Chronic...
Introduction: Stem cell therapy is a new strategy for chronic ischemic heart disease in patients, however, no consensus exists on the most optimal delivery strategy.. Hypothesis: This randomized study was designed to assess cell delivery efficiency of intracoronary (IC), transendocardial (TE) and surgical delivery in a chronic pig model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.. Methods: Twenty-one animals underwent delivery of 107 autologous Indium-oxine labeled bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 4 weeks after infarction and were randomized to 1 of 3 groups (n=7 each group): IC, TE using electromechanical mapping guidance (NOGA) or surgical delivery. Primary endpoint was defined as percentage (%) of injected dose per organ and assessed by in vivo gamma-emission counting.. Results: No significant difference in hemodynamics was observed. Troponin and intracoronary flow (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction score) did not differ between the percutaneous groups. Blinded endpoint analysis ...
The pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes | HeartThe pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes | Heart
It is difficult now to perceive why coronary thrombosis was regarded 25 years ago as an inconstant and irrelevant consequence of acute infarction rather than its prime cause. Once angiography was carried out soon after the onset of infarction, and it was realised that the subtending artery was totally blocked but spontaneously reopened with time in many cases (and that this reopening was accelerated by fibrinolytic treatment), thrombosis was seen as a major causal factor in occlusion. Suddenly the clinical world found thrombi to be both dynamic and important. Pathologists had thought thrombi were important but did not realise how dynamic they could be. Sequential angiograms taken over some years in patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease also changed perceptions. It was realised that a significant proportion of the thrombotic occlusions causing infarction did not develop at sites where there was pre-existing high grade stenosis, or even a plaque identified at all. Sixty eight per cent of ...
Table of ContentsTable of Contents
F. Appreciate the competing modalities for detection of chronic ischemic heart disease including myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, stress echo, stress MRI, cardiac CT, exercise ECG and PET. Be able to enlist advantages and disadvantages of each ...
Antioxidant intervention before and during myocardial ischemia may exacerbate post-ischemic myocardial dysfunction:...Antioxidant intervention before and during myocardial ischemia may exacerbate post-ischemic myocardial dysfunction:...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
PCI and Bypass for Stable CVD: Wheres the Benefit? - NewsemiaPCI and Bypass for Stable CVD: Where's the Benefit? - Newsemia
The word is finally in from the massive multicenter, international ISCHEMIA trial: For patients with severe but stable ischemic heart disease, invasive treatment with PCI or bypass surgery offers no benefit above optimal medical therapy alone ...
Major Study Casts Doubt on Routine Use of Stents, BypassMajor Study Casts Doubt on Routine Use of Stents, Bypass
TUESDAY, March 31, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Folks with clogged arteries do as well with medication and lifestyle changes as they do after undergoing invasive procedures to reopen their blood vessels, a major new clinical trial reports.. Bypass surgery, balloon angioplasty and stenting are no better than drugs, eating right and exercising at reducing the risk of heart attack and death in people with stable ischemic heart disease, a condition where theres been no heart attack but the heart is under strain from clogged arteries, trial results show.. "No matter how you look at it, theres no statistically significant difference overall," said study chair Dr. Judith Hochman, senior associate dean for clinical sciences at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine.. These results indicate that tens of thousands of elective procedures to reopen clogged arteries are performed on people whose health wont benefit from it, Hochman noted.. The best that can happen is people suffering daily or weekly chest pain ...
NIH-funded studies show stents and surgery no better than medication, lifestyle changes at reducing cardiac events -...NIH-funded studies show stents and surgery no better than medication, lifestyle changes at reducing cardiac events -...
Invasive procedures such as bypass surgery and stenting-commonly used to treat blocked arteries-are no better at reducing the risk for heart attack and death in patients with stable ischemic heart disease than medication and lifestyle changes alone
Intracoronary gene transfer of fibroblast growth factor in experimental and clinical myocardial ischemia » Brill OnlineIntracoronary gene transfer of fibroblast growth factor in experimental and clinical myocardial ischemia » Brill Online
An animal model of stress-induced regional myocardial ischemia was used to test the hypothesis that intracoronary delivery of an adenovirus encoding fibroblast growth factor Type 5 (FGF5) would result in improved blood flow, function and neovascularization in the ischemic region of the heart. These data indicated that this approach could be used safely and effectively in resolving regional myocardial ischemia in the ameroid model. Additional unpublished studies confirmed that a similar effect was achievable through use of other angiogenic transgenes, including FGF Type 4 (FGF4). The published studies using direct intracoronary delivery of adenovirus vectors to the heart is reviewed, with a focus on safety and efficacy. A multicenter Phase 1/Phase 2 clinical trial of intracoronary delivery of FGF4 in patients with angina pectoris was initiated under joint sponsorship of Collateral Therapeutics, Incorporated, Berlex Biosciences and Schering AG. Results of this trial are reviewed. The results of this
News from the Interventional Section Leadership Council: Why Patient Preference Matters in Clinical Decision Making - American...News from the Interventional Section Leadership Council: Why Patient Preference Matters in Clinical Decision Making - American...
As a member of the AUC technical panel, I am familiar with the reasoning that underlies the matrix constructed for stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD): according to the COURAGE trial, there should be no incremental survival benefit to a stent versus optimal medical therapy in my patients circumstances despite greater cost. But are body and greenback counts the only endpoints we should recognize? Reducing or eliminating symptoms and enhancing quality of life (irrespective of whether the symptoms are disabling or if medical therapy has been attempted first) are important from our patients perspective and ought to be part of the decision-making process. Why shouldnt patients participate in defining the goals of their treatment? And, why should physicians have to choose between serving the patients expectations or violating the AUC criteria? Shouldnt these be on a parallel path? From my patients viewpoint, the treatment strategy I advised was truly a patient-centered approach, and one he ...
Discussion -- Case 178Discussion -- Case 178
The patient presented in the first case developed ECG changes that were initially interpreted as nonspecific, until elevated cardiac enzymes were found. At that time, he was asymptomatic, and remained that way during his hospital course. He experienced only intraoperative and brief postoperative hypotension. Nevertheless, his laboratory results indicated the presence of "silent" myocardial infarction. The ECG, is a cornerstone in the diagnosis of acute and chronic ischemic heart disease, when it fails to show conclusive evidence of infarction, the crucial step in ruling in/out the diagnosis of AMI is the measurement of myocardial enzymes in the serum. The rate of release of specific proteins differs depending on their intracellular location, molecular weight, and the local blood and lymphatic flow. The temporal pattern of marker protein release is of diagnostic importance (Graph 1). Ruling out AMI requires a test with high diagnostic sensitivity, whereas ruling in AMI requires a test with high ...
Gender differences in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial ischemia and infarction in england. | Base documentaire ...Gender differences in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial ischemia and infarction in england. | Base documentaire ...
We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on a case note review to determine whether there are differences in the treatment pathways followed for men and women admitted with acute myocardial ischemia and infarction after adjusting for differences in case mix. Women were as likely as men to receive thrombolysis, but were less likely...
Ludwig Angina - To tell or not to tell? Dr. Cecilia Young 楊幽幽醫生Ludwig Angina - To tell or not to tell? Dr. Cecilia Young 楊幽幽醫生
Abstract: Mental stress-induced myocardial ischaemia is a recognized phenomenon in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Ludwig Angina is rapidly progressive and lethal in nature. This is a case report of a 74-year-old Chinese male with ischaemic heart disease presented with severe dental infection and early signs of Ludwig Angina. The patient underestimated the severity of his own dental condition and was uncooperative. The operator attempted to inform the patient of the consequences of Ludwig Angina progression, but was stopped by the patients wife, who insisted that it would cause emotional stress and provoke acute cardiovascular event. Ultimately, the operator complied to the wifes request of not telling the patient the truth. Extraction of the infected tooth with drainage of pus via socket, antibiotics prescription and close monitoring of the patient were performed. The acute infection eventually subsided, but the patient still had not heard of the term Ludwig Angina or how his underestimation
Cathepsin A Mediates Ventricular Remote Remodeling and Atrial Cardiomyopathy in Rats With Ventricular Ischemia/Reperfusion |...Cathepsin A Mediates Ventricular Remote Remodeling and Atrial Cardiomyopathy in Rats With Ventricular Ischemia/Reperfusion |...
In our rat model for ICM, pharmacological inhibition of CatA activity did not significantly improve LV global systolic function at rest; however, it did prevent wall thinning and preserve more viable myocardium in the LV infarct area and the LV noninfarcted remote myocardium without reducing LV fibrosis. In each of these parameters, SAR was more efficacious than ramipril.. We showed that this antiremodeling effect occurred not only in the ventricular infarct area and noninfarcted remote myocardium but also in the atrium. Inhibition of CatA activity hampered LA fibrosis formation and reduced gene expression of fibrillary collagen types I and III, which are known to be dysregulated in cardiac disease (14,30,31). In the heart, the predominant fibrillary collagens are the rigid type I (80%) and the elastic type III (11%), providing structure and elasticity to the ECM (14,31). The extent of this remodeling process is controlled by the balance between ECM synthesis and degradation, which is tightly ...
Ebook 978-0898383805 Silent Myocardial Ischemia: Proceedings of the Symposium on New Drugs and DeEbook 978-0898383805 Silent Myocardial Ischemia: Proceedings of the Symposium on New Drugs and De
This is Digital Version of (Ebook) 978-0898383805 Silent Myocardial Ischemia: Proceedings of the Symposium on New Drugs and De Product Will Be Deliver
Long Term Survival of Ischemic Heart Disease Patients Who Undergo Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - InpharmD™Long Term Survival of Ischemic Heart Disease Patients Who Undergo Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - InpharmD™
Aaron Nethercott, Mercer University College of Pharmacy Ischemic heart disease (IHD) accounted for almost 380,000 deaths in 2010. According to the 2012 American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/American Association for Thoracic Surgery/Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association/Society of Thoracic Surgeons guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patents with stable ischemic heart disease,…
Xenon and isoflurane improved biventricular function during right ventricular ischemia and reperfusion.Xenon and isoflurane improved biventricular function during right ventricular ischemia and reperfusion.
BACKGROUND: Although anesthetics have some cardioprotective properties, these benefits are often counterbalanced by their negative inotropic effects. Xenon, on the other hand, does not influence myocardial contractility. Thus, xenon may be a superior treatment for the maintenance of global hemodynamics, especially during right ventricular ischemia, which is generally characterized by a high acute complication rate. METHODS: The effects of 70 vol% xenon and 0.9 vol% isoflurane on biventricular function were assessed in a porcine model (n=36) using the conductance catheter technique, and the expression of the type B natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene was measured. The animals underwent 90 min of right ventricular ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. A barbiturate-anesthetized group was included as a control. RESULTS: Cardiac output was compromised in unprotected animals during ischemia by 33+/-18% and during reperfusion by 53+/-17%. This was mainly due to impaired contractility in the left ...
Cardiac arrhythmias during exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease | IRIS UNIPVCardiac arrhythmias during exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease | IRIS UNIPV
Exercise may induce ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in patients with coronary artery disease. Exercise-induced VA can identify a subset of patients at higher risk of cardiac sudden death. The role of myocardial ischaemia and/or left ventricular disease in the appearance of VA during exercise is not completely understood. The incidence of VA during exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia was investigated in patients with suspected CAD or those undergoing a stress exercise test after a previous myocardial infarction (MI). Patients were divided in four groups. Group A, 836 patients without a previous MI showing exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia associated with ST-segment depression--group B, 72 patients without a previous MI and exercise-induced ST-segment elevation--group C, 50 patients survivors of a recent (1 month) MI and exercise-induced ST-segment depression--group D, 580 patients with an old MI (greater than 3 months) and a positive exercise test associated with ST-segment depression. ...
Coronary Artery Disease CAD Ischemic Heart Disease, Pipeline Review, H1 2015Coronary Artery Disease CAD Ischemic Heart Disease, Pipeline Review, H1 2015
Table of Contents. Table of Contents 2. List of Tables 8. List of Figures 9. Introduction 10. Global Markets Direct Report Coverage 10. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (Ischemic Heart Disease) Overview 11. Therapeutics Development 12. Pipeline Products for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (Ischemic Heart Disease)-Overview 12. Pipeline Products for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (Ischemic Heart Disease)-Comparative Analysis 13. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (Ischemic Heart Disease)-Therapeutics under Development by Companies 14. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (Ischemic Heart Disease)-Therapeutics under Investigation by Universities/Institutes 17. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (Ischemic Heart Disease)-Pipeline Products Glance 18. Late Stage Products 18. Clinical Stage Products 19. Early Stage Products 20. Unknown Stage Products 21. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (Ischemic Heart Disease)-Products under Development by Companies 22. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (Ischemic Heart Disease)-Products under ...
Coronary CT Angiographic and Flow Reserve-Guided Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease - Research - Aarhus...Coronary CT Angiographic and Flow Reserve-Guided Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease - Research - Aarhus...
BACKGROUND: Clinical outcomes following coronary computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) testing in clinical practice are unknown.. OBJECTIVES: The study sought to assess real-world clinical outcomes following a diagnostic strategy including first-line coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) with selective FFRCT testing.. METHODS: The study reviewed the results of 3,674 consecutive patients with stable chest pain evaluated with CTA and FFRCT testing to guide downstream management in patients with intermediate stenosis (30% to 70%). The composite endpoint (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, and unplanned revascularization) was determined in 4 patient groups: 1) CTA stenosis ,30%, optimal medical treatment (OMT), and no additional testing; 2) FFRCT ,0.80, OMT, no additional testing; 3) FFRCT ≤0.80, OMT, no additional testing; and 4) FFRCT ≤0.80, OMT, and referral to invasive coronary angiography. Patients were followed for a ...
The Ketogenic Diet for Health: The Ketogenic Diet Reverses Indicators of Heart DiseaseThe Ketogenic Diet for Health: The Ketogenic Diet Reverses Indicators of Heart Disease
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the independent effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level on cardiovascular risk in patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) while on optimal medical therapy (OMT). BACKGROUND: While low HDL-C level is a powerful and independent predictor of cardiovascular risk, recent data suggest that this may not apply when low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is reduced to optimal levels using intensive statin therapy. METHODS: We performed a post hoc analysis in 2,193 men and women with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) from the COURAGE trial. The primary outcome measure was the composite of death from any cause or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). The independent association between HDL-C levels measured after 6 months on optimal medical therapy (OMT) and the rate of cardiovascular events after 4 years was assessed. Similar analyses were performed separately in subjects with LDL-C levels below 70 mg/dL (1.8 ...
The Ketogenic Diet for Health: September 2013The Ketogenic Diet for Health: September 2013
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the independent effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level on cardiovascular risk in patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) while on optimal medical therapy (OMT). BACKGROUND: While low HDL-C level is a powerful and independent predictor of cardiovascular risk, recent data suggest that this may not apply when low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is reduced to optimal levels using intensive statin therapy. METHODS: We performed a post hoc analysis in 2,193 men and women with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) from the COURAGE trial. The primary outcome measure was the composite of death from any cause or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). The independent association between HDL-C levels measured after 6 months on optimal medical therapy (OMT) and the rate of cardiovascular events after 4 years was assessed. Similar analyses were performed separately in subjects with LDL-C levels below 70 mg/dL (1.8 ...
Women and Cardiovascular Heart Disease: Clinical Implications From the Womens Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study | JACC...Women and Cardiovascular Heart Disease: Clinical Implications From the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study | JACC...
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the U.S. More women than men have died annually from ischemic heart disease (IHD) since 1984, and coronary artery disease (CAD) is the cause of over 250,000 deaths in women each year. The evaluation of IHD in women presents a unique and sometimes difficult challenge for clinicians, owing to the greater symptom burden, greater functional disability, and lower prevalence of obstructive coronary disease as compared to men. Objective evidence of ischemia, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, identifies individuals with an adverse prognosis. The results of older trials largely defined the relative places of medical therapy and coronary surgery for the era in which they were conducted. A number of significant changes in selection of patients for surgery, in surgical methods, and in medical therapies have occurred. New pharmacologic and revascularization strategies are now available to relieve ischemia. However, the ...
Near-fatal neonatal coronary ischaemia associated with intermittent aortic regurgitation: successful surgical treatment |...Near-fatal neonatal coronary ischaemia associated with intermittent aortic regurgitation: successful surgical treatment |...
Near-fatal neonatal coronary ischaemia associated with intermittent aortic regurgitation: successful surgical treatment - Volume 25 Special Issue - Maggie L. Likes, Norman H. Silverman, Erin L. Albers, Raylene Choy, Aarti Bhat, David M. McMullan
Transient myocardial ischaemia after acute myocardial infarction.Transient myocardial ischaemia after acute myocardial infarction.
The prevalence and characteristics of transient myocardial ischaemia were studied in 203 patients with recent acute myocardial infarction by both early (6.4 days) and late (38 days) ambulatory monitoring of the ST segment. Transient ST segment depres
Electrophysiologic Effects of Acute Myocardial Ischemia | Circulation ResearchElectrophysiologic Effects of Acute Myocardial Ischemia | Circulation Research
Acute myocardial ischemia is implicated in many cases of fatal arrhythmias.1 2 The basis of ischemic arrhythmogenesis is alteration in the electrical properties of ventricular tissue, leading to changes in action potential conduction.3 4 Altered electrical properties are a result of the pathophysiological conditions of ischemia, which directly affect membrane ionic currents and intracellular and extracellular ionic concentrations.5 6 Therefore, there exist cause-and-effect relationships between ischemia modification of membrane currents and ionic concentrations and ischemia-related changes in action potential conduction. We investigated these cause-and-effect relationships to determine the ionic mechanisms of depressed conduction and development of conduction block during acute ischemia.. Our investigative tool is a theoretical multicellular fiber model that accounts for the major conditions of ischemia at the level of individual ionic currents and concentrations. The fiber is composed of LRd ...
Verapamil in a new model of severe local myocardial ischaemia due to combined coronary occlusion and stenosis<...Verapamil in a new model of severe local myocardial ischaemia due to combined coronary occlusion and stenosis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Verapamil in a new model of severe local myocardial ischaemia due to combined coronary occlusion and stenosis. AU - Végh, A.. AU - Szekeres, L.. AU - Udvary, Éva. PY - 1987/11/24. Y1 - 1987/11/24. N2 - The effect of verapamil was studied in a new canine model of local myocardial ischaemia. In this model in addition to the critical constriction of the left circumflex coronary artery, the left anterior descending branch was suddenly occluded. Experiments were performed in the anaesthetized, thoracotomized and artificially respired dog. The model represents a severe form of myocardial ischaemia and mimics the clinical situation in which usually more than one coronary artery is involved in the stenotic process. Verapamil (0.15 mg kg -1 i.v.) moderated the extent of the ischaemic changes (indicated by the ST segment elevation in the epicardial and endocardial ECG) as well as their consequences e.g. the incidence and severity of early postocclusion and reperfusion arrhythmias. This ...
Abstract: ISSUES WITH COST-EFFECTIVENESS MODELLING OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS CASE STUDY OF ISCHAEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHYAbstract: ISSUES WITH COST-EFFECTIVENESS MODELLING OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS CASE STUDY OF ISCHAEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Purpose: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic pathways for assessing patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy to identify patients with viable myocardium with a view to revascularisation Method: A decision analytic model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies for assessing patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy. The different diagnostic pathways were applied to a hypothetical cohort of patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and the probability of successful identification of viable myocardium and non-viable myocardium was determined by the accuracy of the diagnostic pathway. It was assumed that patients diagnosed with viable myocardium would be managed promptly by revascularisation and that the patients diagnosed with non-viable myocardium would be on medical therapy. The model assigned each patient a risk of death and rehospitalisation depending upon whether they are truly viable and whether they had revascularisation or not. Each patient then ...
Socioenvironmental characteristics associated with the onset of decline of ischemic heart disease mortality in the United...Socioenvironmental characteristics associated with the onset of decline of ischemic heart disease mortality in the United...
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Current Management of Stable Angina Pectoris | MedReviewsCurrent Management of Stable Angina Pectoris | MedReviews
Angina is the clinical manifestation of myocardial ischemia and is most often due to coronary stenosis. The management of stable ischemic heart disease requires treatment aimed at both symptom relief and reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality related to atherosclerosis. Risk-factor modification and medical therapy to prevent acute ischemic events and disease progression should be initiated after diagnosis. Patients with symptoms refractory to medical therapy, high-risk stress test results, or anatomic findings have an indication for coronary revascularization.
OPUS at UTS: Persistent comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety predict mortality in heart disease - Open Publications of...OPUS at UTS: Persistent comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety predict mortality in heart disease - Open Publications of...
Background: Incident anxiety and depression are associated separately with cardiac events and mortality in patients after acute coronary syndromes, but the influence of persistent comorbid depression and anxiety on mortality remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of comorbid persistent depressive and anxious symptoms in individuals with ischemic heart disease and to evaluate effects on mortality. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal cohort design in the context of a randomized trial to decrease patient delay in seeking treatment for ischemic heart symptoms (PROMOTION trial) was used, with twelve-month follow-up of 2325 individuals with stable ischemic heart disease. Participants were assessed on enrollment and at 3 months using the Multiple Adjective Affect Checklist and the Brief Symptom Inventory for depressive and anxious symptoms, respectively. Results: At 3 months, 608 individuals (61.7%) reported persistent symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both. Three ...
Left ventricular energy model predicts adverse events in women with suspected myocardial ischemia: results from the NHLBI...Left ventricular energy model predicts adverse events in women with suspected myocardial ischemia: results from the NHLBI...
Left ventricular energy model predicts adverse events in women with suspected myocardial ischemia: results from the NHLBI-sponsored womens ischemia syndrome evaluation (WISE) study
Faculty Profile - Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences - University at BuffaloFaculty Profile - Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences - University at Buffalo
My research group conducts bench to bedside translational studies directed at advancing our mechanistic understanding of cardiac pathophysiology as well as developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the management of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. Our ongoing areas of preclinical investigation apply proteomic approaches to identify intrinsic adaptive responses of the heart to ischemia and studies examining the ability of intracoronary stem cell therapies to stimulate endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation and improve heart function. We are particularly interested in understanding how elevations in heart filling pressures and reversible ischemia lead to cardiomyocyte cell death and heart dysfunction. We also conduct basic and patient-oriented research to understand how chronic ischemia modifies the cellular composition and sympathetic innervation of the heart to help develop new approaches to identify patients at risk of sudden cardiac arrest from ventricular ...
ISCHEMIA-CKD | The ISCHEMIA StudyISCHEMIA-CKD | The ISCHEMIA Study
Click here to view ISCHEMIA-CKD study results. The International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches-Chronic Kidney Disease trial (ISCHEMIA-CKD) is an international comparative effectiveness study to determine the best way to manage stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (eGFR ,30 or on dialysis). Prior trials of strategy trials of revascularization versus medical therapy alone for SIHD have routinely excluded patients with CKD or enrolled a small proportion of such patients. As such, the evidence from randomized trials to drive decision making in this cohort is weak at best.. This is a multicenter clinical trial which has randomized 777 participants with advanced CKD with moderate to severe ischemia on stress testing. Participants were randomly assigned to a routine invasive strategy (INV) with cardiac catheterization (cath) followed by revascularization (if feasible) plus optimal medical therapy (OMT) or ...
Clinical TrialsClinical Trials
The purpose of the ISCHEMIA-CKD trial is to determine the best management strategy for patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD), at least moderate ischemia and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ,30 or on dialysis). This is a multicenter randomized controlled trial with a target randomization of ~1000 patients with advanced CKD and at least moderate ischemia on stress testing. Participants will be assigned at random to a routine invasive strategy (INV) with cardiac catheterization (cath) followed by revascularization plus optimal medical therapy (OMT) or to a conservative strategy (CON) of OMT, with cath and revascularization reserved for those who fail OMT. The trial is designed to run seamlessly in parallel to the main ISCHEMIA trial as a companion ancillary trial. SPECIFIC AIMS A. Primary Aim. The primary aim of the ISCHEMIA-CKD trial is to determine whether an invasive strategy of routine early catheterization followed by optimal ...
Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction Improves Cardiac Function following Myocardial Ischemia by Reducing Oxidative Stress - pdf descargarHeme Oxygenase-1 Induction Improves Cardiac Function following Myocardial Ischemia by Reducing Oxidative Stress - pdf descargar
Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction Improves Cardiac Function following Myocardial Ischemia by Reducing Oxidative Stress. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
Release of tissue-specific proteins into coronary perfusate as a model for biomarker discovery in myocardial ischemia...Release of tissue-specific proteins into coronary perfusate as a model for biomarker discovery in myocardial ischemia...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Release of tissue-specific proteins into coronary perfusate as a model for biomarker discovery in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. AU - Cordwell, Stuart J.. AU - Edwards, Alistair V G. AU - Liddy, Kiersten A.. AU - Moshkanbaryans, Lia. AU - Solis, Nestor. AU - Parker, Benjamin L.. AU - Yong, Andy S C. AU - Wong, Clement. AU - Kritharides, Leonard. AU - Hambly, Brett D.. AU - White, Melanie Y.. PY - 2012/4/6. Y1 - 2012/4/6. N2 - Diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes is based on protein biomarkers, such as the cardiac troponins (cTnI/cTnT) and creatine kinase (CK-MB) that are released into the circulation. Biomarker discovery is focused on identifying very low abundance tissue-derived analytes from within albumin-rich plasma, in which the wide dynamic range of the native protein complement hinders classical proteomic investigations. We employed an ex vivo rabbit model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury using Langendorff buffer perfusion. Nonrecirculating ...
Genetically reduced antioxidative protection and increased ischemic heart disease risk : The Copenhagen City Heart Study.Genetically reduced antioxidative protection and increased ischemic heart disease risk : The Copenhagen City Heart Study.
Adult, Aged, Aged; 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Denmark/epidemiology, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation; Missense, Myocardial Ischemia/epidemiology/*genetics, Odds Ratio, Prospective Studies, Risk, Superoxide Dismutase/*genetics ...
The role of clopidogrel in the secondary prevention of recurrent ischemic vascular events after acute myocardial ischemia : a...The role of clopidogrel in the secondary prevention of recurrent ischemic vascular events after acute myocardial ischemia : a...
Get this from a library! The role of clopidogrel in the secondary prevention of recurrent ischemic vascular events after acute myocardial ischemia : a critical appraisal of the CURE Trial. [Michel Boucher, B Pharm.; Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment.;]
Association between antipsychotic use and acute ischemic heart disease in women but not in men: a retrospective cohort study of...Association between antipsychotic use and acute ischemic heart disease in women but not in men: a retrospective cohort study of...
Research comparing sex differences in the effects of antipsychotic medications on acute ischemic heart disease (IHD) is limited and the findings ambiguous. This study aimed to investigate these associations within a primary care setting. Hong Kong public general outpatient electronic records of patients aged 45+ during 2007-2010 were extracted, with the last consultation date as the baseline for a 4-year follow-up period to observe acute IHD hospitalizations (2011-2014). Antipsychotic use was defined as any prescription over the previous 12 months from a list of 16 antipsychotics, while acute IHD was defined by ICD-9: 410.00-411.89. Both sex-specific and sex-combined (both sexes) mixed-effects Cox models (random intercept across 74 clinics) were implemented to examine the association and test the interaction between antipsychotics and sex. Among 1,043,236 included patients, 17,780 (1.7%) were prescribed antipsychotics, and 8342 (0.8%) developed IHD. In sex-specific analyses, antipsychotic prescription
Heart rate, ischaemic heart disease, and sudden cardiac death in middle-aged British men. | Base documentaire | BDSPHeart rate, ischaemic heart disease, and sudden cardiac death in middle-aged British men. | Base documentaire | BDSP
Objective-To examine the relation between resting heart rate and new major ischaemic heart disease events in middle aged men with and without pre-existing ischaemic heart disease. Design-Prospective study of a cohort of men with eight years follow up for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality for all men. Setting-General practices in 24 British...
OpenEmory | Search ResultsOpenEmory | Search Results
Background: Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We measured the inflammatory response to acute laboratory mental stress in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its association with MSIMI. We hypothesized that patients with MSIMI would have a higher inflammatory response to mental stress in comparison to those without ischemia. Methods: Patients with stable CAD underwent 99mTc sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging during mental stress testing using a public speaking stressor. MSIMI was determined as impaired myocardial perfusion using a 17-segment model. Inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured at rest and 90 min after mental stress. Results were validated in an independent sample of 228 ...
Evaluation of the relationship between left atrial volume and myocardial ischemia: a systematic review - Mashhad University of...Evaluation of the relationship between left atrial volume and myocardial ischemia: a systematic review - Mashhad University of...
Introduction: The pathophysiology of ischemia involves the cellular effect of myocardial ischemia, reactive oxygen species, and reactive inflammatory enzymes. Left atrial (LA) ischemia has been shown to have several mechanisms through which it can lead to abnormalities in left ventricular filling in early diastole and thus reduces LA passive functional reserve. In this review, we evaluated the physiological mechanisms of LA during myocardial ischemia, as previously demonstrated in experimental and clinical studies.Methods: Several databases were searched in order to find related articles. The outcome of interest included LA function measurements (measurement of LA volume) during ischemia. By applying a standardized protocol, reviewers independently extracted and assessed the studies.Results: The literature review indicated 50 publications, among which 15 studies were eligible for analysis. Assessment of LA dimension and function is essential for clinical evaluation and prognostic purposes. ...
C-Reactive Protein, Fibrin D-Dimer, and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular BiologyC-Reactive Protein, Fibrin D-Dimer, and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
By assaying CRP in stored plasma samples from the Caerphilly study, we have been able to compare CRP and D-dimer in the prediction of major IHD events in the combined Caerphilly-Speedwell studies (which shared a common protocol), comprising 3213 men, of whom 351 had events over an average follow-up period of almost 8 years. Our principal findings from this combined study were: (1) that both CRP and D-dimer were strong predictors of IHD events (P,0.00001), of similar magnitude to total cholesterol and blood pressure; (2) that the combination of CRP and D-dimer appeared a potentially useful predictor of IHD (incidence of IHD in men in the highest third of CRP and D-dimer 19.3%, compared with 7.0% in men in the lowest third of both variables, Figure); and (3) that on multivariate analyses including each other, as well as classic IHD risk factors and fibrinogen, D-dimer remained a significant predictor of IHD, whereas CRP did not.. As expected, men in the Caerphilly-Speedwell studies in whom IHD ...
Influence of patients sex and clinical history on working capacity and myocardial ischemia after coronary artery bypass surgeryInfluence of patients sex and clinical history on working capacity and myocardial ischemia after coronary artery bypass surgery
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is generally accepted as effective in relieving patients from angina pectoris, and in improving survival in subgroups. However, subset evaluations of myocardial ischemia and exercise capacity after CABG are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of CABG in terms of exercise capacity and stress ECG findings in subgroups of patients. METHODS: A stepwise bicycle exercise ECG (in most cases computerized) was performed on 362 patients within 1 year before and 2 years after CABG. RESULTS: Exercise capacity increased from a median value of 90 to 130 W (P , 0.0001), more marked (P , 0.0001) in men (100-140 W) than in women (75-90 W). Improvement was not significantly related to age. Occurrence of ST-segment depression at exercise decreased, 76% showing ST-segment depression of at least 1 mm before the operation and 35% (P , 0.0001) 2 years after. Exercise-induced signs of ischemia on ECG did not differ between men and women. Maximum ...
Increased Regional Epicardial Fat Volume Associated with Reversible Myocardial Ischemia in Patients with Suspected Coronary...Increased Regional Epicardial Fat Volume Associated with Reversible Myocardial Ischemia in Patients with Suspected Coronary...
Epicardial adipose tissue is a source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and has been linked to the development of coronary artery disease. No study has systematically assessed the relationship between local epicardial fat volume (EFV) and myocardial perf
myocardial ischemiamyocardial ischemia
Maan Malahfji Vol 14, Issue 4. Keywords: cardiac imaging , coronary artery disease , atherosclerosis , computed tomography coronary angiography , myocardial ischemia , coronary artery calcium scoring , CACS , diabetes , myocardial ischemia Malahfji M, Mahmarian JJ. Imaging to Stratify Coronary Artery Disease Risk in Asymptomatic Patients with Diabetes. Methodist DeBakey Cardiovasc J. 2018;266-72. ...
early ischaemiaearly ischaemia
A Case from the literature A 60 you woman with a past medical history of diabetes presents with shortness of breath. An ECG is done. What is the abnormality? The only real abnormality to be … [Read more...] about T wave inversion in aVL to predict early ischaemia ...
Myocardial ischemia common in young women with CHD under mental stressMyocardial ischemia common in young women with CHD under mental stress
CHICAGO — Women aged 55 years and younger with stable CHD under mental stress are more likely to develop myocardial ischemia than men of the same age. “Myocardial ischemia with mental stress is more common in young and middle-aged women with CHD than men of the same age. It is not explained by sociodemographics, disease severity, CHD risk factors or depression,” Viola Vaccarino,
Treatment of Exercise-Induced Ischemia with Bm14.190, a New Beta Blocker with Vasodilating Activity | Clinical Science |...Treatment of Exercise-Induced Ischemia with Bm14.190, a New Beta Blocker with Vasodilating Activity | Clinical Science |...
J. C. Kaski, L. Rodriguez-Plaza, A. Margonato, F. Crea, B. Freedman, A. Maseri; Treatment of Exercise-Induced Ischemia with Bm14.190, a New Beta Blocker with Vasodilating Activity. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 February 1984; 66 (2): 53P-54P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs066053Pb_pt2. Download citation file:. ...
Treatment of Exercise-Induced Ischemia with Bm14.190, a New Beta Blocker with Vasodilating Activity | Clinical Science |...Treatment of Exercise-Induced Ischemia with Bm14.190, a New Beta Blocker with Vasodilating Activity | Clinical Science |...
J. C. Kaski, L. Rodriguez-Plaza, A. Margonato, F. Crea, B. Freedman, A. Maseri; Treatment of Exercise-Induced Ischemia with Bm14.190, a New Beta Blocker with Vasodilating Activity. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 February 1984; 66 (2): 53P-54P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs066053Pb_pt2. Download citation file:. ...
myocardial ischemia Protocols and Video...'myocardial ischemia' Protocols and Video...
Video articles in JoVE about myocardial ischemia include Confirmation of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Mice Using Surface Pad Electrocardiography, A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis, A Murine Model of Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury through Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Artery, A Murine Closed-chest Model of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion, In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography, Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction, A Rat Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Resuscitation by Conventional Closed-chest Technique, Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Healthy Volunteers and Their Migratory Potential Influenced by Serum Samples After Cardiac Surgery, Minimal Invasive Surgical Procedure of Inducing
Myocardial ischemia in older patientsMyocardial ischemia in older patients
Exertional angina (chest pain) is the most common manifestation of myocardial ischemia in young and middle-age persons. Because of their more sedentary lifestyle or possibly a difference in pathophysiology, this may not be true in elderly patients. Instead of exertional chest pain, ischemia may be more commonly manifested as dyspnea in elderly patients. Other elderly patients with CAD may be completely asymptomatic, although silent ischemia may be demonstrated by stress testing or Holter monitoring ...
MeldoniumMeldonium
Ulrich SigwartUlrich Sigwart
Pharmaceutical industryPharmaceutical industry
Complications of hypertensionComplications of hypertension
CardiologyCardiology
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Coronary stentCoronary stent
Electron beam tomographyElectron beam tomography
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PSMD7PSMD7
PSMB3PSMB3
PSMA3PSMA3
Alcohol and cardiovascular diseaseAlcohol and cardiovascular disease
Proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha 1Proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha 1
MigraineMigraine
HIV associated cardiomyopathyHIV associated cardiomyopathy
Randomized controlled trialRandomized controlled trial
Heart failureHeart failure
ElectrocardiographyElectrocardiography
ProteasomeProteasome
Tubocurarine chlorideTubocurarine chloride
Respiratory arrestRespiratory arrest
Ventricular tachycardiaVentricular tachycardia
Systolic heart murmurSystolic heart murmur
Histaminski H3 receptorHistaminski H3 receptor
Malaltia cardiovascular - Viquipèdia, lenciclopèdia lliureMalaltia cardiovascular - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
Coronary artery diseaseCoronary artery disease
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Hypercholesterolemia - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaHypercholesterolemia - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cerebral hypoxiaCerebral hypoxia
Vitamin CVitamin C
TachycardiaTachycardia
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Adenosine receptorAdenosine receptor
හෘද රෝග - විකිපීඩියා, නිදහස් විශ්වකෝෂයහෘද රෝග - විකිපීඩියා, නිදහස් විශ්වකෝෂය
Atrial fibrillationAtrial fibrillation
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تفاوت میان نسخه‌های «فشار خون بالا» - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزادتفاوت میان نسخه‌های «فشار خون بالا» - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
Sinus tachycardiaSinus tachycardia
ಹೃದಯಾಘಾತ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಹೃದಯಾಘಾತ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ
Stem-cell therapyStem-cell therapy
Shortness of breathShortness of breath
OxymatrineOxymatrine
Lown-Ganong-Levine syndromeLown-Ganong-Levine syndrome
MyoglobinMyoglobin
Adult stem cellAdult stem cell
Venous thrombosisVenous thrombosis
Premature junctional contractionPremature junctional contraction
ComorbidityComorbidity
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Myocardial IschemiaIschemiaBrain IschemiaMyocardial Reperfusion InjuryMyocardiumCoronary CirculationCoronary DiseaseElectrocardiographyReperfusion InjuryExercise TestMyocardial InfarctionMyocardial ReperfusionHeartAngina PectorisCardiotonic AgentsIschemic Preconditioning, MyocardialHemodynamicsDogsElectrocardiography, AmbulatoryCoronary VesselsTime FactorsDisease Models, AnimalHeart RateCoronary AngiographyTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonMyocardial ContractionArrhythmias, CardiacReperfusionRats, Sprague-DawleyMyocardial Perfusion ImagingVentricular Function, LeftCreatine KinaseIschemic PreconditioningIschemic Attack, TransientRats, WistarWarm IschemiaDipyridamoleMyocardial StunningPerfusionBlood PressureThallium RadioisotopesAdenosineCoronary Artery DiseaseCollateral CirculationDobutamineMyocytes, CardiacSwineIntraoperative ComplicationsVasodilator AgentsChest PainEchocardiographyCold IschemiaEchocardiography, StressTroponin IRabbitsHeart VentriclesIschemic PostconditioningGerbillinaeSpinal Cord IschemiaVentricular FibrillationTroponin TAcute DiseaseMitochondria, HeartNitroglycerinAnesthesiaLactic AcidCoronary StenosisAngina, UnstableCardiovascular AgentsProspective StudiesSwine, MiniaturePredictive Value of TestsHeart Function TestsRandom AllocationNecrosisConstrictionAngina Pectoris, VariantCoronary Vessel AnomaliesNeuroprotective AgentsLactatesL-Lactate DehydrogenaseBiological MarkersVentricular Dysfunction, LeftInfarction, Middle Cerebral ArteryMice, Inbred C57BLPeroxidaseCoronary VasospasmAdenosine TriphosphateAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsCoronary Artery BypassApoptosisMicrovascular AnginaOxygen ConsumptionErgonovineDiltiazemRisk FactorsPhosphocreatineTechnetium Tc 99m SestamibiAngioplasty, Balloon, CoronarySensitivity and SpecificityNitric OxideCerebrovascular CirculationNeovascularization, PhysiologicPericardiumThalliumCatsOrganotechnetium CompoundsOxygenArterial Occlusive DiseasesHydroxy AcidsEndocardiumVentricular PressureAsymptomatic DiseasesIodobenzenesCreatine Kinase, MB FormAnti-Arrhythmia AgentsDecanoic AcidsHeart Conduction SystemBlood Flow VelocityCerebral InfarctionAcetanilidesBrainDose-Response Relationship, DrugHindlimbRegional Blood FlowDouble-Blind MethodCardiac Pacing, ArtificialAnalysis of VarianceIsosorbide DinitrateMicrocirculationOxidative StressPrognosisRadiopharmaceuticalsFollow-Up StudiesAcidosisAnoxiaStroke VolumeSeverity of Illness IndexEndothelium, VascularGlyburideTissue SurvivalMice, KnockoutMalondialdehydeChronic DiseaseCardiac CatheterizationCell DeathVascular Surgical ProceduresEnzyme InhibitorsModels, AnimalSignal TransductionSystoleCardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted TomographyMyocardial RevascularizationVectorcardiographyMonitoring, PhysiologicSympathetic Nervous SystemEnergy MetabolismCoronary OcclusionDiastoleCardioplegic SolutionsLigationMicrospheresRisk AssessmentReceptors, Histamine H3Postoperative ComplicationsRats, Inbred StrainsPerioperative CarePotassium ChannelsNorepinephrineMesenteric Vascular OcclusionModels, CardiovascularImmunohistochemistrySus scrofaMyocardial BridgingIn Situ Nick-End LabelingMonitoring, IntraoperativeTachycardiaIntraoperative PeriodNeuronsInjections, Intra-ArterialMucocutaneous Lymph Node SyndromeCell HypoxiaNeutrophilsAtenololCytoprotectionBradykininIsofluranePremedicationCalciumReproducibility of ResultsFractional Flow Reserve, MyocardialBrain EdemaDiabetic AngiopathiesBlotting, WesternCells, CulturedTroponinAntioxidantsReactive Oxygen SpeciesNitric Oxide SynthaseLegVasodilation
ECG tutorial: Myocardial ischemia and infarctionECG tutorial: Myocardial ischemia and infarction
Patente US4821735 - Method and apparatus for detecting myocardial ischemia - Google PatentesPatente US4821735 - Method and apparatus for detecting myocardial ischemia - Google Patentes
Myocardial structure in patients with exercise-induced ischemia. | CirculationMyocardial structure in patients with exercise-induced ischemia. | Circulation
Myocardial ischemia - Symptoms and causes - Mayo ClinicMyocardial ischemia - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
Myocardial IschemiaMyocardial Ischemia
What Is Ischemia? What Causes Myocardial Ischemia?What Is Ischemia? What Causes Myocardial Ischemia?
Ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury]Ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury]
Myocardial ischemia - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo ClinicMyocardial ischemia - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic
Inflammation Is Associated With Myocardial IschaemiaInflammation Is Associated With Myocardial Ischaemia
Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project - WikipediaMyocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project - Wikipedia
Evaluation of Myocardial Ischemia Using Perfusion Study | SpringerLinkEvaluation of Myocardial Ischemia Using Perfusion Study | SpringerLink
Scientists Develop Myocardial Ischemia Sensor | MedgadgetScientists Develop Myocardial Ischemia Sensor | Medgadget
PET/CT Imaging in Mouse Models of Myocardial IschemiaPET/CT Imaging in Mouse Models of Myocardial Ischemia
JCI - Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a neglected therapeutic targetJCI - Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a neglected therapeutic target
Steroid-induced recurrent myocardial ischemia.Steroid-induced recurrent myocardial ischemia.
Myocardial Ischemia: Causes, Symptoms & TreatmentMyocardial Ischemia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Neuroglobin-overexpressing transgenic mice are resistant to cerebral and myocardial ischemia | PNASNeuroglobin-overexpressing transgenic mice are resistant to cerebral and myocardial ischemia | PNAS
Electrocardiographic and scintigraphic imaging of myocardial ischemia - IEEE Conference PublicationElectrocardiographic and scintigraphic imaging of myocardial ischemia - IEEE Conference Publication
The Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP). - PubMed - NCBIThe Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP). - PubMed - NCBI
Myocardial Ischemia - DrugBankMyocardial Ischemia - DrugBank
Changes in glycogenolysis in the zone of ischemia in experimental myocardial infarction | SpringerLinkChanges in glycogenolysis in the zone of ischemia in experimental myocardial infarction | SpringerLink
Myocardial ischemia decreases oxidative phosphorylation through cytochrome oxidase in subsarcolemmal mitochondria. - PubMed -...Myocardial ischemia decreases oxidative phosphorylation through cytochrome oxidase in subsarcolemmal mitochondria. - PubMed -...
JCI - Inadequate ubiquitination-proteasome coupling contributes to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injuryJCI - Inadequate ubiquitination-proteasome coupling contributes to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Myocardial Ischemia - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govMesenchymal Stem Cells and Myocardial Ischemia - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Responses of Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment - Study Results - ClinicalTrials.govResponses of Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment - Study Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
JCI - Inadequate ubiquitination-proteasome coupling contributes to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injuryJCI - Inadequate ubiquitination-proteasome coupling contributes to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Detection of Silent Myocardial Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetic Subjects | Diabetes CareDetection of Silent Myocardial Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetic Subjects | Diabetes Care
PET/CT Imaging in Mouse Models of Myocardial Ischemia : Figure 3PET/CT Imaging in Mouse Models of Myocardial Ischemia : Figure 3
Prevalence of asymptomatic myocardial ischaemia in diabetic subjects. | The BMJPrevalence of asymptomatic myocardial ischaemia in diabetic subjects. | The BMJ
Frontiers | Intracoronary Levosimendan during Ischemia Prevents Myocardial Apoptosis | PhysiologyFrontiers | Intracoronary Levosimendan during Ischemia Prevents Myocardial Apoptosis | Physiology
Response to myocardial ischemia as a regulated process. | CirculationResponse to myocardial ischemia as a regulated process. | Circulation
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Myocardial IschemiaIschemiaBrain IschemiaMyocardial Reperfusion InjuryMyocardiumCoronary CirculationCoronary DiseaseElectrocardiographyReperfusion InjuryExercise TestMyocardial InfarctionMyocardial ReperfusionHeartAngina PectorisCardiotonic AgentsIschemic Preconditioning, MyocardialHemodynamicsDogsElectrocardiography, AmbulatoryCoronary VesselsTime FactorsDisease Models, AnimalHeart RateCoronary AngiographyTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonMyocardial ContractionArrhythmias, CardiacReperfusionRats, Sprague-DawleyMyocardial Perfusion ImagingVentricular Function, LeftCreatine KinaseIschemic PreconditioningIschemic Attack, TransientRats, WistarWarm IschemiaDipyridamoleMyocardial StunningPerfusionBlood PressureThallium RadioisotopesAdenosineCoronary Artery DiseaseCollateral CirculationDobutamineMyocytes, CardiacSwineIntraoperative ComplicationsVasodilator AgentsChest PainEchocardiographyCold IschemiaEchocardiography, StressTroponin IRabbitsHeart VentriclesIschemic PostconditioningGerbillinaeSpinal Cord IschemiaVentricular FibrillationTroponin TAcute DiseaseMitochondria, HeartNitroglycerinAnesthesiaLactic AcidCoronary StenosisAngina, UnstableCardiovascular AgentsProspective StudiesSwine, MiniaturePredictive Value of TestsHeart Function TestsRandom AllocationNecrosisConstrictionAngina Pectoris, VariantCoronary Vessel AnomaliesNeuroprotective AgentsLactatesL-Lactate DehydrogenaseBiological MarkersVentricular Dysfunction, LeftInfarction, Middle Cerebral ArteryMice, Inbred C57BLPeroxidaseCoronary VasospasmAdenosine TriphosphateAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsCoronary Artery BypassApoptosisMicrovascular AnginaOxygen ConsumptionErgonovineDiltiazemRisk FactorsPhosphocreatineTechnetium Tc 99m SestamibiAngioplasty, Balloon, CoronarySensitivity and SpecificityNitric OxideCerebrovascular CirculationNeovascularization, PhysiologicPericardiumThalliumCatsOrganotechnetium CompoundsOxygenArterial Occlusive DiseasesHydroxy AcidsEndocardiumVentricular PressureAsymptomatic DiseasesIodobenzenesCreatine Kinase, MB FormAnti-Arrhythmia AgentsDecanoic AcidsHeart Conduction SystemBlood Flow VelocityCerebral InfarctionAcetanilidesBrainDose-Response Relationship, DrugHindlimbRegional Blood FlowDouble-Blind MethodCardiac Pacing, ArtificialAnalysis of VarianceIsosorbide DinitrateMicrocirculationOxidative StressPrognosisRadiopharmaceuticalsFollow-Up StudiesAcidosisAnoxiaStroke VolumeSeverity of Illness IndexEndothelium, VascularGlyburideTissue SurvivalMice, KnockoutMalondialdehydeChronic DiseaseCardiac CatheterizationCell DeathVascular Surgical ProceduresEnzyme InhibitorsModels, AnimalSignal TransductionSystoleCardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted TomographyMyocardial RevascularizationVectorcardiographyMonitoring, PhysiologicSympathetic Nervous SystemEnergy MetabolismCoronary OcclusionDiastoleCardioplegic SolutionsLigationMicrospheresRisk AssessmentReceptors, Histamine H3Postoperative ComplicationsRats, Inbred StrainsPerioperative CarePotassium ChannelsNorepinephrineMesenteric Vascular OcclusionModels, CardiovascularImmunohistochemistrySus scrofaMyocardial BridgingIn Situ Nick-End LabelingMonitoring, IntraoperativeTachycardiaIntraoperative PeriodNeuronsInjections, Intra-ArterialMucocutaneous Lymph Node SyndromeCell HypoxiaNeutrophilsAtenololCytoprotectionBradykininIsofluranePremedicationCalciumReproducibility of ResultsFractional Flow Reserve, MyocardialBrain EdemaDiabetic AngiopathiesBlotting, WesternCells, CulturedTroponinAntioxidantsReactive Oxygen SpeciesNitric Oxide SynthaseLegVasodilation
InfarctionCardiac ischemiaTreatment of myocardial ischemiaGlobal ischemiaFingerprintIntracoronary deliveryFibroblast growthTest the hypothesisPerfusionInfarctRatsLeft ventricularCause of myocardial ischemiaIschemic heartRegional myocardialCauses Myocardial IschemiaSilent myocardial ischaemiaArrhythmiasCoronary arteryMental Stress-induced Myocardial IschemiaPathophysiologyDiagnosisPrevalence of silent myocardialModels of Myocardial IschemiaIncidence of myocardial ischemiaConduction block durinSevere myocardial ischemiaExercise-induced myocardialPreventing myocardial reperfMitochondrialProtective effects on myocardialRecurrentHeartSeverityVentricularProtectsInterventionsDecreasesPatients with acuteMETHODSHypoxiaReperfusion inducedKnown as myocardialDevelopment of myocardialEffect against myocardialOxidativeNecrosisMechanismsAngina pectorisAsymptomatic patientsInjuryPerioperative
Infarction2
Cardiac ischemia1
Treatment of myocardial ischemia2
Global ischemia2
  • Controversy persists over the relative tolerance of the immature myocardium to global ischemia. (elsevier.com)
  • Thus, we evaluated the physiologic effects of 30, 60, and 180 minutes of global ischemia in an isolated, isovolumic rabbit heart model, at 3 different ages: newborns (less than 1 week of age) (n = 36), juveniles (4 to 6 weeks old) (n = 36), and adults (5 to 7 months old) (n = 36). (elsevier.com)
Fingerprint1
  • Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Global myocardial ischemia in the newborn, juvenile, and adult isolated isovolumic rabbit heart. (elsevier.com)
Intracoronary delivery3
  • We have previously shown that intracoronary delivery of recombinant adenoviruses encoding angiogenic proteins that contain signal peptides (fibroblast growth factor-4 and fibroblast growth factor-5) ameliorate myocardial ischemia. (pubfacts.com)
  • Intracoronary delivery of an adenovirus encoding fibroblast growth factor-4 in myocardial ischemia: effect of serum antibodies and previous exposure to adenovirus. (pubfacts.com)
  • We therefore tested the hypothesis that intracoronary delivery of an adenovirus encoding human fibroblast growth factor type 4 (Ad5.FGF4) would improve regional myocardial function in an animal model of ischemia when high antibody levels preexist or after a prior intracoronary dose of Ad5. (pubfacts.com)
Fibroblast growth3
Test the hypothesis1
  • In the present paper, we test the hypothesis that the presence of the signal peptide is an important element in the favorable effects that transgene expression has on regional flow and function in an animal model of myocardial ischemia. (pubfacts.com)
Perfusion27
Infarct13
Rats13
Left ventricular10
Cause of myocardial ischemia3
Ischemic heart1
  • On the other hand, the recent advances in experimental cardiology emphasize the extremely complex and dynamie scenario of ischemic heart disease, involving endothelial damage, coagulation processes, metabolie and morphologie derangements, coronary constrictor mechanisms, blood flow redistribution, arrhythmogenesis, contraetile dysfunction during ischemia and reperfusion, and finally lack or presence of pain perception. (indigo.ca)
Regional myocardial3
Causes Myocardial Ischemia1
Silent myocardial ischaemia1
Arrhythmias6
Coronary artery18
  • Limitations of CT angiography and invasive coronary angiography are that their ability to distinguish the physiologic effects of coronary artery stenosis and to detect myocardial ischemia is quite low. (springer.com)
  • Further evaluation of myocardial function such as radioisotope scan or stress function tests is often required after identifying coronary artery stenosis lesions that also requires costs and additional radiation exposure. (springer.com)
  • RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -In the Detection of Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetics (DIAD) study, 1,123 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 50-75 years, with no known or suspected coronary artery disease, were randomly assigned to either stress testing and 5-year clinical follow-up or to follow-up only. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In comparison to either of the control conditions, significantly more coronary artery disease (CAD) patients in the mindfulness meditation condition will demonstrate reductions in mental stress-induced ischemia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • 25 28 29 All 349 subjects were asymptomatic, had no clinical evidence of coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease, and were without Q-wave myocardial infarction or bundle branch block on their ECG. (ahajournals.org)
  • Mice were subjected to myocardial ischemia by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 min and reperfusion for 3 h (I/R). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed using an In Situ Cell Death Detection kit on paraffin heart sections (5 mm). (bmj.com)
  • Myocardial ischemia can be caused by conditions such as coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis), blood clot, coronary spasm and severe illnesses. (marketresearch.com)
  • Group 2 were subjected to 30 minutes of coronary artery ligation (ischemia) and 60 minutes reperfusion. (life-enhancement.com)
  • 3. Myocardial ischemia as a useful functional indicator of risk in patients with coronary artery disease. (booktopia.com.au)
  • Myocardial ischemia is a disorder that is usually caused by a critical coronary artery obstruction, which is also known as atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). (medscape.com)
  • The hemodynamic relevance of coronary artery stenosis and its impact on ischemia are altered by a multitude of confounders ( Fig. 1 ), which limit the utility of coronary angiography and other tests. (onlinejacc.org)
  • With the improved efficacy of medical treatment, interventional or surgical treatment of coronary artery stenosis is more and more considered not useful in patients without significant myocardial ischemia, even in the presence of significant coronary artery stenosis ( 6 ). (onlinejacc.org)
  • Reduction by cobra venom factor of myocardial necrosis after coronary artery occlusion. (springer.com)
  • Ischemia of the PW was induced in closed-chest pigs using an angioplasty balloon positioned in the circumflex coronary artery. (diva-portal.org)
  • This theory hardly challenges the common assumptions of vascular physiology and, mostly, does not account for recent data (also obtained in our Institute) documenting that both primary and secondary ischemia were associated with a severe microcirculatory vasoconstriction, in patients with coronary artery disease. (cnr.it)
  • Altogether, these findings bring us to hypothesize that microvascular constriction plays some role in the precipitation and maintenance of ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. (cnr.it)
  • ResuLts: Compared with the sham control group that was not subjected to ischemia, occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery resulted in an initial increase, followed by a significant decrease in NOS activity and nitrate/nitrite levels. (pulsus.com)
  • After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease, both myocardial necrosis (OR 4.24, 95% CI 1.82-9.87) and major bleeding (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.28-5.46) were associated with long-term death. (ahajournals.org)
Mental Stress-induced Myocardial Ischemia3
Pathophysiology5
Diagnosis2
Prevalence of silent myocardial1
Models of Myocardial Ischemia1
  • PET/CT Imaging in Mouse Models of Myocardial Ischemia," Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology , vol. 2012, Article ID 541872, 12 pages, 2012. (hindawi.com)
Incidence of myocardial ischemia1
  • Given that nearly 800,000 Americans experience myocardial infarction each year and that myocardial ischemia is often a precursor to such events, reducing the incidence of myocardial ischemia is of paramount concern. (worldwide.com)
Conduction block durin2
Severe myocardial ischemia1
  • The clot might block an artery and lead to sudden, severe myocardial ischemia, resulting in a heart attack. (mayoclinic.org)
Exercise-induced myocardial1
Preventing myocardial reperf1
Mitochondrial4
Protective effects on myocardial2
  • The current study investigated whether Que postconditioning has any protective effects on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo and its potential cardioprotective mechanisms. (scielo.br)
  • In addition, the previous studies have shown that As-IV has the protective effects on myocardial I/R injury, and the mechanisms are various 12 - 16 . (scielo.br)
Recurrent3
Heart39
Severity4
Ventricular4
Protects5
Interventions3
Decreases1
Patients with acute2
METHODS1
Hypoxia3
  • This observation encourages the routine use of ECG and oximetry during FOB, allowing for early intervention to prevent the dangerous combination of hypoxia, tachycardia, and myocardial ischemia. (omicsonline.org)
  • There are many conditions besides cardiovascular disease in which tissues can be exposed to ischemia/reperfusion, such as sleep apnea (intermittent hypoxia), emphysema and COPD, and clogged carotid arteries (TIA or stroke), where hesperidin (and omega-3 fatty acids) supplementation would appear to be a very good idea. (life-enhancement.com)
  • In protracted myocardial ischemia, sympathetic nerve endings undergo ATP depletion, hypoxia and pH i reduction. (aspetjournals.org)
Reperfusion induced1
Known as myocardial2
Development of myocardial1
  • In addition to the above causes, there are plenty of other risk factors which have a major impact in the development of myocardial ischemia like smoking, chewing tobacco, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, increased cholesterol levels, obesity, lack of physical exercise and a strong family history. (differencebetween.net)
Effect against myocardial2
Oxidative2
  • After 45 min of global ischemia, oxidative phosphorylation was decreased only in the subsarcolemmal population of mitochondria with all substrates tested. (nih.gov)
  • Thus ischemia decreased the rate of oxidative phosphorylation through cytochrome oxidase selectively in intact subsarcolemmal mitochondria. (nih.gov)
Necrosis5
Mechanisms3
Angina pectoris1
  • The most common symptom of myocardial ischemia is angina (also called angina pectoris). (clevelandclinic.org)
Asymptomatic patients2
Injury31
Perioperative4
Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine
Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine (springer.com)
Interleukin-18 as a Therapeutic Target in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure | SpringerLink
Interleukin-18 as a Therapeutic Target in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Myocardial ischemia - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic
Myocardial ischemia - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic (mayoclinic.org)
Hypertensive Heart Disease: Overview, Etiology, Epidemiology
Hypertensive Heart Disease: Overview, Etiology, Epidemiology (emedicine.medscape.com)
Adrenergic System and Ventricular Arrhythmias in Myocardial Infarction | SpringerLink
Adrenergic System and Ventricular Arrhythmias in Myocardial Infarction | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
New advances in the management of acute coronary syndromes: 1. Matching treatment to risk | CMAJ
New advances in the management of acute coronary syndromes: 1. Matching treatment to risk | CMAJ (cmaj.ca)
Oxygen Transport to Tissue XVIII | SpringerLink
Oxygen Transport to Tissue XVIII | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Heart-Encyclopedia - M
Heart-Encyclopedia - M (heart.org)
Frontiers | The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide on Cardiovascular Homeostasis: An Overview with Update on Immunomodulation |...
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What's the Real Cause of Heart Attacks?
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Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes : Nursing2020 Critical Care
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Zembrace-SymTouch (Sumatriptan Succinate Subcutaneous Injection, USP): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
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Imitrex (Sumatriptan Succinate): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Myocardial Ischemia - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
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Frova (Frovatriptan Succinate): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
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Evaluation of Myocardial Ischemia Using Perfusion Study | SpringerLink
Evaluation of Myocardial Ischemia Using Perfusion Study | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Pathophysiology and Rational Pharmacotherapy of Myocardial Ischemia, Book by G. Heusch (Paperback) | chapters.indigo.ca
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Maxalt-MLT - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses
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Myocardial Ischemia - Nuclear Medicine and Risk Stratification: Practice Essentials, Determining the Pretest Probability of...
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Myocardial Ischemia and Ambulatory Monitoring | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians
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Cannabis | GreenMedInfo | Substance | Natural Medicine | Alternative
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Novel synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles conjugation with Perfluorocarbon Nano-bubbles for potential adjunct therapy of acute...
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Molecular Basis of Cardioprotective Effect of Antioxidant Vitamins in Myocardial Infarction
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Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) Improve Heart Function in Swine Myocardial Infarction Model through Paracrine...
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Predicting Benefit From Revascularization in Patients With Ischemic Heart Failure | Circulation
Predicting Benefit From Revascularization in Patients With Ischemic Heart Failure | Circulation (circ.ahajournals.org)
Books Archives - Page 296 of 620 - Nova Science Publishers
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Neuroglobin-overexpressing transgenic mice are resistant to cerebral and myocardial ischemia | PNAS
Neuroglobin-overexpressing transgenic mice are resistant to cerebral and myocardial ischemia | PNAS (pnas.org)
Myocardial Ischemia - DrugBank
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Systemic Scleroderma Cardiac (Heart) Involvement
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