AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
MyoblastsMyoblasts, SkeletalMuscle DevelopmentMusclesMyoblasts, CardiacMyoD ProteinMuscle, SkeletalMyogeninCell DifferentiationCell FusionMuscle Fibers, SkeletalCell LineMuscle ProteinsCells, CulturedSatellite Cells, Skeletal MuscleMyogenic Regulatory FactorsMuscular Dystrophy, FacioscapulohumeralMuscle CellsRegenerationPAX7 Transcription FactorDesminQuailCell TransplantationMyogenic Regulatory Factor 5Chick EmbryoMyosin Heavy ChainsTransfectionCreatine KinaseMice, Inbred mdxRNA, MessengerMyostatinGene Expression RegulationGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalMEF2 Transcription FactorsSignal TransductionCell DivisionMuscular Dystrophy, DuchenneTranscription FactorsDystrophinMyosinsMolecular Sequence DataBase SequenceCell ProliferationMuscular DystrophiesGene ExpressionCoturnixDNA-Binding ProteinsFluorescent Antibody TechniqueActinsTranscription, GeneticImmunohistochemistryBromodeoxyuridineMyofibrilsStem CellsCaveolin 3ExtremitiesMuscular Dystrophy, AnimalMembrane ProteinsMicroscopy, FluorescenceFibroblast Growth Factor 6Insulin-Like Growth Factor IPhosphorylationMyositisTime FactorsPromoter Regions, GeneticCardiomyoplastyBlotting, WesternIntegrin alpha ChainsPaired Box Transcription FactorsCell CycleInsulin-Like Growth Factor IIDrosophila ProteinsRNA InterferenceReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionDNACell NucleusMice, Inbred C57BLMutationConnectinMuscular DiseasesRhabdomyosarcomaFibroblastsDown-RegulationCell SurvivalCell LineageMyocardiumEmbryo, NonmammalianMesodermCardiotoxinsAmino Acid SequenceNuclear Proteinsbeta-GalactosidaseRNA, Small InterferingProtein Binding
Myoblasts
Embryonic (precursor) cells of the myogenic lineage that develop from the MESODERM. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL; MYOCYTES, CARDIAC; MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE).
Myoblasts, Skeletal
Precursor cells destined to differentiate into skeletal myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL).
Muscle Development
Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage.
Muscles
Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.
Myoblasts, Cardiac
Precursor cells destined to differentiate into cardiac myocytes (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC).
MyoD Protein
A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Though it is not clear how its function differs from the other myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD appears to be related to fusion and terminal differentiation of the muscle cell.
Muscle, Skeletal
A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.
Myogenin
A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Myogenin is induced during differentiation of every skeletal muscle cell line that has been investigated, in contrast to the other myogenic regulatory factors that only appear in certain cell types.
Cell Differentiation
Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.
Cell Fusion
Fusion of somatic cells in vitro or in vivo, which results in somatic cell hybridization.
Muscle Fibers, Skeletal
Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Muscle Proteins
The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle
Elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblasts lying in close contact with adult skeletal muscle. They are thought to play a role in muscle repair and regeneration.
Myogenic Regulatory Factors
A family of muscle-specific transcription factors which bind to DNA in control regions and thus regulate myogenesis. All members of this family contain a conserved helix-loop-helix motif which is homologous to the myc family proteins. These factors are only found in skeletal muscle. Members include the myoD protein (MYOD PROTEIN); MYOGENIN; myf-5, and myf-6 (also called MRF4 or herculin).
Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral
An autosomal dominant degenerative muscle disease characterized by slowly progressive weakness of the muscles of the face, upper-arm, and shoulder girdle. The onset of symptoms usually occurs in the first or second decade of life. Affected individuals usually present with impairment of upper extremity elevation. This tends to be followed by facial weakness, primarily involving the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi muscles. (Neuromuscul Disord 1997;7(1):55-62; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1420)
Muscle Cells
Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (MUSCLE FIBERS, SKELETAL), cardiac (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC), and smooth (MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called MYOBLASTS.
Regeneration
The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.
PAX7 Transcription Factor
A paired box transcription factor that is involved in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and SKELETAL MUSCLE.
Desmin
An intermediate filament protein found predominantly in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. Localized at the Z line. MW 50,000 to 55,000 is species dependent.
Quail
Common name for two distinct groups of BIRDS in the order GALLIFORMES: the New World or American quails of the family Odontophoridae and the Old World quails in the genus COTURNIX, family Phasianidae.
Cell Transplantation
Transference of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.
Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5
A SKELETAL MUSCLE-specific transcription factor that contains a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF. It plays an essential role in MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT.
Chick Embryo
The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.
Myosin Heavy Chains
The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.
Transfection
The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.
Creatine Kinase
A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.
Mice, Inbred mdx
A strain of mice arising from a spontaneous MUTATION (mdx) in inbred C57BL mice. This mutation is X chromosome-linked and produces viable homozygous animals that lack the muscle protein DYSTROPHIN, have high serum levels of muscle ENZYMES, and possess histological lesions similar to human MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. The histological features, linkage, and map position of mdx make these mice a worthy animal model of DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Myostatin
A growth differentiation factor that is a potent inhibitor of SKELETAL MUSCLE growth. It may play a role in the regulation of MYOGENESIS and in muscle maintenance during adulthood.
Gene Expression Regulation
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.
MEF2 Transcription Factors
Activating transcription factors of the MADS family which bind a specific sequence element (MEF2 element) in many muscle-specific genes and are involved in skeletal and cardiac myogenesis, neuronal differentiation and survival/apoptosis.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Cell Division
The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)
Transcription Factors
Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.
Dystrophin
A muscle protein localized in surface membranes which is the product of the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy gene. Individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually lack dystrophin completely while those with Becker muscular dystrophy have dystrophin of an altered size. It shares features with other cytoskeletal proteins such as SPECTRIN and alpha-actinin but the precise function of dystrophin is not clear. One possible role might be to preserve the integrity and alignment of the plasma membrane to the myofibrils during muscle contraction and relaxation. MW 400 kDa.
Myosins
A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Cell Proliferation
All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.
Muscular Dystrophies
A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.
Gene Expression
The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.
Coturnix
A genus of BIRDS in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES, containing the common European and other Old World QUAIL.
DNA-Binding Proteins
Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Actins
Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.
Transcription, Genetic
The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Bromodeoxyuridine
A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.
Myofibrils
The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .
Stem Cells
Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
Caveolin 3
A caveolin that is expressed exclusively in MUSCLE CELLS and is sufficient to form CAVEOLAE in SARCOLEMMA. Mutations in caveolin 3 are associated with multiple muscle diseases including DISTAL MYOPATHY and LIMB-GIRDLE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY.
Extremities
The farthest or outermost projections of the body, such as the HAND and FOOT.
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 6
A fibroblast growth factor that was initially identified based on its sequence similarity to FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 4. It is found in MYOBLASTS and plays an important role in MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities. This growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on GROWTH HORMONE. It is believed to be mainly active in adults in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR II, which is a major fetal growth factor.
Phosphorylation
The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Promoter Regions, Genetic
DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.
Cardiomyoplasty
An operation that uses stimulated latissimus dorsi muscle (SKELETAL MUSCLE VENTRICLE) to assist cardiac function. The latissimus dorsi muscle is mobilized from the chest wall and moved into the thorax through the bed of the resected 2nd or 3rd rib. The muscle is then wrapped around the left and right ventricles and stimulated to contract during cardiac systole by means of an implanted burst-stimulator. (Stedman, 26th ed)
Blotting, Western
Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.
Integrin alpha Chains
The alpha subunits of integrin heterodimers (INTEGRINS), which mediate ligand specificity. There are approximately 18 different alpha chains, exhibiting great sequence diversity; several chains are also spliced into alternative isoforms. They possess a long extracellular portion (1200 amino acids) containing a MIDAS (metal ion-dependent adhesion site) motif, and seven 60-amino acid tandem repeats, the last 4 of which form EF HAND MOTIFS. The intracellular portion is short with the exception of INTEGRIN ALPHA4.
Paired Box Transcription Factors
A family of transcription factors that control EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT within a variety of cell lineages. They are characterized by a highly conserved paired DNA-binding domain that was first identified in DROSOPHILA segmentation genes.
Cell Cycle
The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor II
A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the LIVER and to circulate in the BLOOD. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like and mitogenic activities. The growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on SOMATOTROPIN. It is believed to be a major fetal growth factor in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I, which is a major growth factor in adults.
Drosophila Proteins
Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.
RNA Interference
A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Connectin
A giant elastic protein of molecular mass ranging from 2,993 kDa (cardiac), 3,300 kDa (psoas), to 3,700 kDa (soleus) having a kinase domain. The amino- terminal is involved in a Z line binding, and the carboxy-terminal region is bound to the myosin filament with an overlap between the counter-connectin filaments at the M line.
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)
Fibroblasts
Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
Down-Regulation
A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.
Cell Survival
The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.
Cell Lineage
The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.
Myocardium
The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.
Embryo, Nonmammalian
The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.
Mesoderm
The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.
Cardiotoxins
Agents that have a damaging effect on the HEART. Such damage can occur from ALKYLATING AGENTS; FREE RADICALS; or metabolites from OXIDATIVE STRESS and in some cases is countered by CARDIOTONIC AGENTS. Induction of LONG QT SYNDROME or TORSADES DE POINTES has been the reason for viewing some drugs as cardiotoxins.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Nuclear Proteins
Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.
beta-Galactosidase
A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.
RNA, Small Interfering
Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.
Protein Binding
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Muscle specific fragile X related protein 1 isoforms are sequestered in the nucleus of undifferentiated myoblast. (1/1504)

BACKGROUND: The family of Fragile X Mental Retardation Proteins is composed of three members: Fragile Mental Retardation 1, Fragile X Related 1 and X Related 2 proteins. These proteins are associated with mRNPs within translating ribosomes and have the capacity to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Great attention has been given to FMRP due to its implication in human hereditary mental retardation while FXR1P and FXR2P have only recently been studied. RESULTS: Using antibodies directed against several epitopes of FXR1P, we have detected protein isoforms generated by small peptides pocket inserts. Four isoforms of MW 70, 74, 78, 80 kDa are widely distributed in mouse organs, while in striated muscles these isoforms are replaced by proteins of 82 and 84 kDa containing an extra pocket of 27 aa. Expression of these muscle isoforms is an early event during in vitro differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes and correlates with the activation of muscle-specific genes. However, while FXR1P82,84 are associated with cytoplasmic mRNPs in myotubes, they are sequestered in the nuclei of undifferentiated myoblasts. These observations suggest that, in addition to a cytoplasmic function yet to be defined, FXR1P82,84 may play a nuclear role in pre-mRNA metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of subcellular partitioning of FXR1P isoforms during myogenesis is unique among the family of the FXR proteins. The model system described here should be considered as a powerful tool for ongoing attempts to unravel structure-function relationships of the different FMR family members since the potential role(s) of FXR1P as a compensatory factor in Fragile X syndrome is still elusive.  (+info)

Nuclear genetic control of mitochondrial translation in skeletal muscle revealed in patients with mitochondrial myopathy. (2/1504)

Oxidative phosphorylation deficiencies can be caused by mutations in either the nuclear genome or the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA); however, most pathogenic mutations reported in adults occur in mtDNA. Such mutations often impair mitochondrial translation, and are associated with a characteristic muscle pathology consisting of a mosaic pattern of normal fibres interspersed with fibres that show mitochondrial proliferation (ragged-red fibres) and little or no complex IV (COX) activity. We investigated two adult patients with a severe mitochondrial myopathy in whom all muscle fibres showed mitochondrial proliferation with barely detectable COX activity - a pattern never before reported. Biochemical studies of the respiratory chain in muscle showed decreased activities of complexes I and IV (5% of control) and complex II+III (41% of control). Immunoblot analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial subunits of complexes I, III and IV showed a greater than 90% decrease in the steady-state level of these subunits in mature muscle, but no change in nuclear-encoded subunits of complexes II and V. A generalized mitochondrial translation defect was identified in pulse-label experiments in myotubes, but not in myoblasts cultured from both patients. This defect moved with the nucleus in patient cybrid cells. Myoblasts from one patient transplanted into the muscle bed of SCID mice differentiated into mature human muscle fibres that displayed a defect similar to that seen in the patient muscle. These results suggest a defect in a developmentally regulated nuclear factor important for mitochondrial translation in skeletal muscle.  (+info)

Mouse PeP: a novel peroxisomal protein linked to myoblast differentiation and development. (3/1504)

The identification of several peroxisomal proteins in the past decade has deepened our understanding of the biology of peroxisomes and their involvement in human disorders. We report the cloning and expression pattern during the mouse development of a cDNA encoding a novel protein, named PeP, and show that its product is imported specifically to the peroxisome matrix in a variety of cell types. We also demonstrate that PeP is imported to the organelle through the PEX5 receptor pathway, which indicates that the C-terminal tripeptide SKI behaves as a type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1). PeP expression is tightly regulated, as shown by Northern and in situ hybridization experiments. Thus during embryonic development in the mouse, PeP mRNA is detected almost exclusively in the skeletal muscle, whereas in adult mice, strong expression is also found in the heart and brain. In addition, PeP mRNA accumulation is induced after myoblast differentiation in vitro, when myotube formation is promoted. Sequence analysis reveals that PeP has no significant homology to any known protein, except for a short stretch of amino acids containing the fingerprint of the fibronectin type III superfamily, a domain present in proteins often related to molecular and cellular recognition and binding processes. Thus our data suggest a connection between the function of PeP and murine cell differentiation and development.  (+info)

The small heat shock protein alpha B-crystallin negatively regulates apoptosis during myogenic differentiation by inhibiting caspase-3 activation. (4/1504)

Myoblasts respond to growth factor deprivation either by differentiating into multinucleated myotubes or by undergoing apoptosis; hence, the acquisition of apoptosis resistance by myogenic precursors is essential for their development. Here we demonstrate that the expression of the small heat shock protein alpha B-crystallin is selectively induced in C2C12 myoblasts that are resistant to differentiation-induced apoptosis, and we show that this induction occurs at an early stage in their differentiation in vitro. In contrast, the expression of several known anti-apoptotic proteins (FLIP, XIAP, Bcl-x(L)) was not altered during myogenesis. We also demonstrate that ectopic expression of alpha B-crystallin, but not the closely related small heat shock protein Hsp27, renders C2C12 myoblasts resistant to differentiation-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that the myopathy-causing R120G alpha B-crystallin mutant is partly impaired in its cytoprotective function, whereas a pseudophosphorylation alpha B-crystallin mutant that mimics stress-induced phosphorylation is completely devoid of anti-apoptotic activity. Finally, we demonstrate that alpha B-crystallin negatively regulates apoptosis during myogenesis by inhibiting the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, whereas the R120G and pseudophosphorylation mutants are defective in this function. Taken together, our findings indicate that alpha B-crystallin is a novel negative regulator of myogenic apoptosis that directly links the differentiation program to apoptosis resistance.  (+info)

Effect of insulin-like growth factor II on protecting myoblast cells against cisplatin-induced apoptosis through p70 S6 kinase pathway. (5/1504)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-II) is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors and has both mitogenic and antiapoptotic activity. Although the mechanisms of IGF-II-induced proliferation have been well studied, the mechanisms underlying its survival signaling have been less well characterized. In this report, we investigated the role of IGF-II on cisplatin-induced apoptosis. We found that IGF-II overexpression was associated with an increase in p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70 S6K). Cisplatin treatment of C2C12 mouse myoblasts led to cell death associated with an inhibition of p70 S6K activity. Endogenous or exogenous IGF-II addition to C2C12 cells caused protection to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. This protection was associated in both cases with an increase in p70 S6K basal activity as well as resistance to cisplatin-induced decreased activity. Blockade of p70 S6K activation by rapamycin abrogated the IGF-II-mediated protection of cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, treatment of IGF-II-overexpressing Rh30 and CTR rhabdomyosarcoma cells with rapamycin restored sensitivity to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. These data together suggest that IGF-II-associated protection to cisplatin-induced apoptosis is mediated through an activation of the p70 S6K pathway. Thus, inhibition of the p70 S6 pathway may enhance chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in the treatment of IGF-II-overexpressing tumors.  (+info)

Delivery of erythropoietin by encapsulated myoblasts in a genetic model of severe anemia. (6/1504)

BACKGROUND: Existing animal models of anemia inadequately reflect the hematocrit usually present in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients and do not permit long-term treatment studies. The transgenic mouse strain 134.3LC (Epo-TAg(H)) displays a severe chronic anemia resembling that observed clinically during CRF, while displaying an active, normal life span. This phenotype makes it a particularly interesting mouse model for testing erythropoietin (Epo)-based gene transfer strategies. METHODS: Ex vivo gene therapy was employed to administer mouse Epo to homozygous anemic Epo-TAg(H) mice. Encapsulated C(2)C(12) myoblasts genetically engineered to secrete 163 IU mouse Epo/10(6) cells/day were subcutaneously transplanted on the dorsal flank of the mice. Efficacy of delivered Epo was monitored by weekly measurements of animal hematocrit. RESULTS: Most treated homozygous Epo-TAg(H) mice displayed only a transient rise in hematocrit before eventually decreasing to levels as low as 3%. Administering the immunosuppressor anti-CD4+ monoclonal antibody (mAb) to homozygous Epo-TAg(H) mice, beginning at the time of implantation, permitted a rise in hematocrit that remained stable at elevated levels in cases of continued immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS: Mice having the T antigen insertion in both Epo alleles appeared to develop an immune response to the natural mouse Epo delivered by encapsulated cells. By preventing this reaction using immunosuppression, we demonstrate that encapsulated myoblasts can deliver therapeutic doses of mouse Epo systemically and restore hemopoiesis in a genetic model of severe anemia.  (+info)

Two mammalian UNC-45 isoforms are related to distinct cytoskeletal and muscle-specific functions. (7/1504)

Previous studies have shown that the UNC-45 protein of C. elegans is required for normal thick filament assembly, binds Hsp90 and the myosin head, and shows molecular chaperone activity. We report here that mice and humans each have two genes that are located on different chromosomes, encode distinct UNC-45-like protein isoforms, and are expressed either in multiple tissues or only in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Their expression is regulated during muscle differentiation in vitro, with the striated muscle isoform mRNA appearing during myoblast fusion. Antisense experiments in C2C12 skeletal myogenic cells demonstrate that decreasing the general cell isoform mRNA reduces proliferation and fusion, while decreasing the striated muscle isoform mRNA affects fusion and sarcomere organization. These results suggest that the general cell UNC-45 isoform may have primarily cytoskeletal functions and that the striated muscle UNC-45 isoform may be restricted to roles in muscle-specific differentiation.  (+info)

The LIM-only protein FHL2 interacts with beta-catenin and promotes differentiation of mouse myoblasts. (8/1504)

FHL2 is a LIM-domain protein expressed in myoblasts but down-regulated in malignant rhabdomyosarcoma cells, suggesting an important role of FHL2 in muscle development. To investigate the importance of FHL2 during myoblast differentiation, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using a cDNA library derived from myoblasts induced for differentiation. We identified beta-catenin as a novel interaction partner of FHL2 and confirmed the specificity of association by direct in vitro binding tests and coimmunoprecipitation assays from cell lysates. Deletion analysis of both proteins revealed that the NH2-terminal part of beta-catenin is sufficient for binding in yeast, but addition of the first armadillo repeat is necessary for binding FHL2 in mammalian cells, whereas the presence of all four LIM domains of FHL2 is needed for the interaction. Expression of FHL2 counteracts beta-catenin-mediated activation of a TCF/LEF-dependent reporter gene in a dose-dependent and muscle cell-specific manner. After injection into Xenopus embryos, FHL2 inhibited the beta-catenin-induced axis duplication. C2C12 mouse myoblasts stably expressing FHL2 show increased myogenic differentiation reflected by accelerated myotube formation and expression of muscle-specific proteins. These data imply that FHL2 is a muscle-specific repressor of LEF/TCF target genes and promotes myogenic differentiation by interacting with beta-catenin.  (+info)

Acceleration of human myoblast fusion by depolarization: graded Ca2+ signals involved | DevelopmentAcceleration of human myoblast fusion by depolarization: graded Ca2+ signals involved | Development
Skeletal muscle formation depends on the fusion of mononucleated myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes. Myoblast fusion is also the basis of muscle growth and repair during postnatal life. The ability of myoblasts to fuse and thereby inject their nucleus into existing muscle fibers led to several preclinical and clinical trials aimed at treating both muscle and non-muscle-related disorders. Identifying the pattern of events that induce myoblast differentiation and their commitment to fuse would benefit the search for improving myoblast-based therapies.. Using primary myoblast cultures derived from single human satellite cells (Baroffio et al., 1993), we have previously shown that membrane potential and the biophysical properties of specific ionic channels are important actors in the fusion process. We found that human myoblasts hyperpolarize before fusion through the sequential expression of two different K+ channels, ether-à-go-go (EAG) K+ channels (Bijlenga et al., 1998; Occhiodoro et al., ...
http://dev.biologists.org/content/130/15/3437
Human myotube formation is determined by MyoD-Myomixer/Myomaker axis | Science AdvancesHuman myotube formation is determined by MyoD-Myomixer/Myomaker axis | Science Advances
Using gene KO experiments, we uncovered the crucial function of MymX, MymK, and MRF regulators during human myoblast differentiation and fusion. With these unique gene KO reagents, we also carefully compared the fusogenic activities of human and mouse MymX/MymK orthologs. Contrary to a protein homology-assisted prediction, human MymK, instead of MymX, showed higher activities compared with their mouse orthologs. Even in the absence of MymX, MymK protein can induce low-level myoblast fusion in a dosage-dependent manner. Future endeavors are needed to study the biochemical basis underlying the functional gain of human MymK protein.. MymX and MymK expression ought to be tightly controlled for proper multinucleations of myoblasts in coordination with differentiation program. Our functional studies of MyoD, MyoG, and other MRFs highlight the distinct contributions of these factors in governing human myoblast fusion. Specifically, MyoD is essential and sufficient to transactivate the fusion program. ...
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/51/eabc4062
Primary Myoblast Culture - Cell BiologyPrimary Myoblast Culture - Cell Biology
I am working on primary myoblast culture and differentiation but now I have some problems. One of my big problems is that after thawing the isolated myoblast (from legs of neonatal mice), the morphology and the growth rate of the cells change extremely. So I can not control the cells after thawing. If you have had this kind of experiments, could you give me some advices ...
http://www.protocol-online.org/biology-forums/posts/23442.html
Disease Prevention and Alleviation by Human Myoblast TransplantationDisease Prevention and Alleviation by Human Myoblast Transplantation
Myoblast implantation is a unique, patented technology of muscle regeneration being tested in Phase III clinical trials of muscular dystrophy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, Phase II trial of cancer, and Phase I trial of Type II diabetes. Differentiated and committed, myoblasts are not stem cells. Implanted myoblasts fuse spontaneously among themselves, replenishing genetically normal myofibers. They also fuse with genetically abnormal myofibers of muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, or Type II diabetes, transferring their nuclei containing the normal human genome to provide stable, long-term expression of the missing gene products. They develop to become cardiomyocytes in the infracted myocardium. Myoblasts transduced with VEGF165 allow concomitant regeneration of blood capillaries and myofibers. They are potent biologics for treating heart failure, ischemic cardiomyopathy, diabetic ischemia, erectile dysfunction, and baldness. Myoblasts, because of their small size, spindle shape, and
http://www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=65313
LEUCINE INDUCES EXPRESSION OF IGF1 AND IGF1-DEPENDENT GENES IN HUMAN MYOBLASTS - доклад на конференции | ИСТИНА -...LEUCINE INDUCES EXPRESSION OF IGF1 AND IGF1-DEPENDENT GENES IN HUMAN MYOBLASTS - доклад на конференции | ИСТИНА -...
Аннотация доклада: INTRODUCTION: IGF1 plays an important role in the regulation of connective tissue, bone and muscle homeostasis in adults. Experiments in rodents demonstrated that leucine (Leu) intake increases the systemic IGF1 level (Teodoro et al., 2012; Pedrosa et al., 2013; Pedroso et al., 2014). Studies in HeLa, HEK293T and COS7 cells revealed an obligate two-step mechanism of mTORC1 regulation: pre-activation (priming) by arginine (Arg) and then activation by Leu (Dyachok et al., 2016). The aim of our research was to investigate effect of Leu on expression of IGF1 and IGF-1-dependent genes in human myoblasts. We have assumed that Leu may regulate the gene expression in human myotubes, and this effect may be improved by pre-activation with Arg. METHODS: After starvation (1 h), myotubes were incubated with Arg (0,4 mM, 30 min), or Leu (0,8 mM, 30 min), or Arg and then Leu. The 4E-BP1Thr37/46 and S6K1Thr389 phosphorylation (targets of mTORC1) was evaluated by Western blot. ...
https://istina.msu.ru/conferences/presentations/134417430/
HGF potentiates extracellular matrix-driven migration of human myoblasts: involvement of matrix metalloproteinases and MAPK/ERK...HGF potentiates extracellular matrix-driven migration of human myoblasts: involvement of matrix metalloproteinases and MAPK/ERK...
Myoblast migration is an essential step during muscle embryogenesis and muscle regeneration. Yet, it still represents one bottle-neck in myoblast transplant therapy, an alternative for the treatment of muscular dystrophies, which has given variable clinical benefits for patients depending on the disease [45, 54]. The movement to reach another myoblast or a damaged fiber, to fuse or to regenerate muscle, including potential association of activated and/or proliferating satellite cells creating oriented doublets which can have an influence on their fate, as suggested by Siegel et al. [55], occurs in the context of an extracellular milieu rich in soluble factors and ECM proteins [6, 7]. The role of Eph/ephrin in this context has been suggested by Stark et al. [56], as well as that of CD34 since CD34 defective murine satellite cells display a decreased motility [57]. HGF is also involved in the migration of different cell types, including myoblasts [36, 58-60]. This molecule acts via the specific ...
https://skeletalmusclejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13395-017-0138-6
Genetic analysis of p38 MAP kinases in myogenesis: fundamental role of p38α in abrogating myoblast proliferation | The EMBO...
The p38 MAPK has emerged in the last years as a fundamental pathway in myogenesis. This conclusion has relied largely on studies performed in immortalized myogenic cell lines, by using pyridinyl imidazole inhibitors such as SB203580, which are inhibitors of both p38α and p38β kinases, and by overexpressing constitutively active and kinase‐dead forms of components of the signaling pathway. Thus, the relative contribution of the four p38 MAPKs to myogenesis is unknown. In addition, no in vivo studies beyond the embryonic stages have been performed. Here, we demonstrate that p38 kinases play distinct roles in myogenesis, p38α being the crucial kinase. Myoblasts obtained from mice lacking p38α showed delayed cell‐cycle exit and continued proliferation, as well as impaired myoblast differentiation and fusion. Moreover, skeletal muscle from neonatal mice deficient in p38α displayed increased myoblast proliferation, reduced myofiber growth and delayed maturation. In contrast, lack of the p38β ...
http://emboj.embopress.org/content/26/5/1245
PLOS Biology: Jamb and Jamc Muscle in on Myoblast FusionPLOS Biology: Jamb and Jamc Muscle in on Myoblast Fusion
Jamb and Jamc are an essential cell surface receptor pair that interact to drive fusion between muscle precursor cells during zebrafish development.
http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001217
Supplementary MaterialsFigure S1: Position of Twi-Expressing Myoblasts upon Changes in Levels | FGFR signaling promotes the...Supplementary MaterialsFigure S1: Position of Twi-Expressing Myoblasts upon Changes in Levels | FGFR signaling promotes the...
Supplementary MaterialsFigure S1: Position of Twi-Expressing Myoblasts upon Changes in Levels of Htl Signalling Fluorescent preparations of pupae, cultivated for 28 h at 29 C, stained with anti-Twi antibody to label the myoblasts. the GAL80ts becomes nonfunctional and the GAL4 can trigger the genes downstream of sequence [44]. stock was crossed, individually, to and shares. The progeny from the above crosses had been grown up for 30 h at 18 C, accompanied by 11 h at 29 C. This timing corresponds to a stage to founder selection in wild-type prior. Pupae of had been also likewise treated, to provide as control. To check on if the GAL80ts proteins was useful in the pupal mesoderm specifically, pupae had been grown up for 50 h at 18 C accompanied by 4 h at 29 C.(A) pupa expanded for 30 h at 18 C accompanied by 11 h at 29 C (control). A couple of lateral founders (one of these indicated by white arrow) is normally because. The Twi-expressing myoblasts have emerged aligned within the founders. (B) ...
https://healthappsopenday.com/supplementary-materialsfigure-s1-position-of-twi-expressing-myoblasts-upon-changes-in-levels/
RESPONSE OF HUMAN MYOBLASTS TO THERAPEUTIC DOSES OF X-IRRADIATIONRESPONSE OF HUMAN MYOBLASTS TO THERAPEUTIC DOSES OF X-IRRADIATION
If you are looking for Published paper online, Technical Research Paper, Review Paper then your search ends here. Try our services and get relaxed.
http://www.ijtra.com/abstract.php?id=response-of-human-myoblasts-to-therapeutic-doses-of-x-irradiation-
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Imaging | SelectScienceFluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Imaging | SelectScience
In this application note, GFP labelled actin and β-actin fluorescence in situ hybridiation (FISH) images were taken at specific wavelengths with a CoolSNAPHQ camera to show expression of actin in mouse myoblast cells. In addition, individual chromosomes are viewed in metaphase using triple-wavelength fluorescence illumination and detection. FISH image are taken with a CoolSNAPcf camera.
http://www.selectscience.net/application-notes/fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization-
Generation and analysis of an androgen-responsive myoblast cell line indicates that androgens regulate myotube protein...Generation and analysis of an androgen-responsive myoblast cell line indicates that androgens regulate myotube protein...
Androgens have anabolic actions in skeletal muscle and could potentially act to: (a) increase proliferation of myoblasts; (b) delay differentiation to myotubes; and (c) induce protein accretion in pos
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF03346441
Komórki macierzyste w regeneracji narządowejKomórki macierzyste w regeneracji narządowej
In our studies, we explored a model of myoblasts, i.e. activated satellite cells that are located on the surface of myofiber. At the time of muscle injury, these cell are activated, undergoing the changes supervised by transcription factors (Myf5, MyoD) when myoblasts multiply and transform into myotube by myogenin and then as the muscle fiber (Mrf4). We have performed two clinical trials of I/II phase studying the role of myoblasts in regeneration of post-infarction heart. Each trial contained 10 patients. The first attempt included delivery of autologous myoblasts directly to myocardium at the opportunity of bypass surgery (CABG) on the open heart. Myoblasts were then implanted to post-infarction scar. We have obtained the improvement of basic hemodynamic heart parameter, which is ejection fraction (EF) in the all studied patients, however, it was impossible to say which factor was primarily responsible for the observed improvement - CABG or myoblast delivery, and in which proportion? We ...
http://komgen.pan.pl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69:komorki-macierzyste-w-regeneracji-narzdowej&catid=32&Itemid=46
Capillary vs. Geeklog vs. Enterprise Feedback Suite vs. fCMS vs. Public CMS usage statistics, February 2020Capillary vs. Geeklog vs. Enterprise Feedback Suite vs. fCMS vs. Public CMS usage statistics, February 2020
W3Techs compares the usage and its trend of Capillary and Geeklog and Enterprise Feedback Suite and fCMS and Public CMS on websites
https://w3techs.com/technologies/comparison/cm-capillary,cm-enterprisefeedbacksuite,cm-fidion,cm-geeklog,cm-publiccms
Futures Commission Merchant - MarketsWiki, A Commonwealth of Market KnowledgeFutures Commission Merchant - MarketsWiki, A Commonwealth of Market Knowledge
FCMs are required to be registered with National Futures Association (NFA). FCM may also be members of one or more Designated Contract Markets.[2] Registration is required unless the person handles transactions only for himself or his firm or firms affiliates, top officers or directors; or if the person is a non-U.S. resident or firm with only non-U.S. customers and he or the firm submits all trades for clearing to an FCM.[3] An FCM may either be a clearing member firm of one or more exchanges (a clearing FCM) or a non-clearing member firm (a non-clearing FCM). Clearing FCMs are required to hold substantial deposits with the clearing house of any exchange of which it is a member. A non-clearing FCM must have its customers trades cleared by a clearing FCM. Additionally, FCMs must follow CFTC guidelines in the following areas: ...
https://www.marketswiki.com/wiki/FCMs
buy Obeticholic Acidbuy Obeticholic Acid
Rapsyn, a scaffold protein, is required for the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at contacts between motor neurons and differentiating muscle cells. between rapsyn, lysosome positioning, exocytosis and plasma membrane integrity. myoblasts, lysosomes in myoblasts [29828?m2, means.e.m., (0.0340.004, means.e.m., myoblasts (mean velocity is 0.15?m/s, see Movie 4) compared to C2C12 myoblasts (Movie 2). Fig. 7. …Read More. ...
http://researchhunt.com/tag/buy-obeticholic-acid/
FER1L5 - Fer-1-like protein 5 - Homo sapiens (Human) - FER1L5 gene & proteinFER1L5 - Fer-1-like protein 5 - Homo sapiens (Human) - FER1L5 gene & protein
Plays a role in myoblast fusion; probable mediator of endocytic recycling for membrane trafficking events during myotube formation.
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0AVI2
DeCS Ingl s+escopo
Axlebox and wheelset bearing solutionsAxlebox and wheelset bearing solutions
Axleboxes are the link between the rotating wheelset and the quasi-static frame of the bogie or running gear of a railway vehicle. Axleboxes and axlebox bearings/units have always been a vital component in the reliability and safety of railway rolling stock ...
http://www.skf.com/au/industry-solutions/railway/train-type/metro-cars-and-light-rail-solutions/wheelset-bearings/index.html
Effects of three-dimensional culture conditions on skeletal muscle myoblasts
Effects of Three-dimensional Culture Conditions on Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts\r\n\r\nPublication No._____________\r\n\r\n\r\nMichele Lynn Marquette, Ph.D.\r\nThe University of Texas Medical Branch, 2007\r\n\r\nSupervisor: Marguerite A. Sognier\r\n\r\nThe objectives of this research were to: 1) develop a three-dimensional in vitro model; and 2) subsequently, utilize this model to investigate mechanisms of myoblast adhesion, fusion, and differentiation. C2C12 cells were examined as pre-aggregated single cells and multicellular aggregates in the Rotary Cell Culture System (RCCS). At the time intervals tested, RCCS cultured cells maintained viability and did not exhibit increased apoptosis markers such as Caspase 3 (activated) and phosphatydylserine. In contrast, increases in cell death and apoptotic markers were noted in suspension culture (SC) control cells. RCCS cultured cells fused to form multinucleated syncitia and expressed sarcomeric myosin heavy chain (MHC) in significantly higher levels ...
https://utmb-ir.tdl.org/utmb-ir/handle/2152.3/86
Reprogramming autologous skeletal myoblasts to express cardiomyogenic function. Challenges and possible approaches |...Reprogramming autologous skeletal myoblasts to express cardiomyogenic function. Challenges and possible approaches |...
Cell transplantation therapy is emerging as a promising mode of treatment following myocardial infarction. Of the various cell types that can potentially be used for transplantation, autologous skeletal myoblasts appear particularly attractive, because this would avoid issues of immunogenicity, tumorigenesis, ethics and donor availability. Additionally, skeletal myoblasts display much higher levels of ischemic tolerance and graft survival compared to other cell types. There is some evidence for improvement in heart function with skeletal myoblast transplantation. However, histological analysis revealed that transplanted myoblasts do not transdifferentiate into functional cardiomyocytes in situ. This is evident by the lack of expression of cardiac-specific antigens, and the absence of intercalated disc formation. Instead, there is differentiation into myotubes that are not electromechanically coupled to neighboring cardiomyocytes. This could in turn limit the clinical efficacy of treatment. This ...
http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/37413
Actin-associated protein palladin is required for migration behavior and differentiation potential of C2C12 myoblast cells ...Actin-associated protein palladin is required for migration behavior and differentiation potential of C2C12 myoblast cells ...
Highlights: • Palladin is involved in myogenesis in vitro. • Palladin knockdown by siRNA increases myoblast proliferation, viability and differentiation. • Palladin knockdown decreases C2C12 myoblast migration ability. - Abstract: The actin-associated protein palladin has been shown to be involved in differentiation processes in non-muscle tissues. However, but its function in skeletal muscle has rarely been studied. Palladin plays important roles in the regulation of diverse actin-related signaling in a number of cell types. Since intact actin-cytoskeletal remodeling is necessary for myogenesis, in the present study, we pursue to investigate the role of actin-associated palladin in skeletal muscle differentiation. Palladin in C2C12 myoblasts is knocked-down using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). The results show that down-regulation of palladin decreased migratory activity of mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts. Furthermore, the depletion of palladin enhances C2C12 vitality and ...
https://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/22416755-actin-associated-protein-palladin-required-migration-behavior-differentiation-potential-c2c12-myoblast-cells
Temporal and spatial appearance of α-dystroglycan in differentiated mouse myoblasts in culture<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Temporal and spatial appearance of α-dystroglycan in differentiated mouse myoblasts in culture. AU - Kostrominova, Tatiana. AU - Tanzer, M. L.. PY - 1995. Y1 - 1995. N2 - The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex plays an important role in muscle function. One of the components of the complex, a 156-kDa cell surface glycoprotein (α-dystroglycan) binds to laminin, thereby connecting the basal lamina and muscle cells. We have examined the progressive appearance of α- dystroglycan and laminin in muscle cells that differentiate in culture. We find that nondifferentiated cultures of C2C12 myoblasts express low amounts of dystroglycan mRNA and, in contrast, this gene is prominently expressed in differentiated myotubes. Immunofluorescence analysis with a monoclonal antibody against α-dystroglycan shows its progressive appearance during myoblast differentiation into myotubes. Immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody against laminin shows that it is not present on the surface of ...
https://indiana.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/temporal-and-spatial-appearance-of-%CE%B1-dystroglycan-in-differentiat
JAK1-STAT1-STAT3, a key pathway promoting proliferation and preventing premature differentiation of myoblasts | JCBJAK1-STAT1-STAT3, a key pathway promoting proliferation and preventing premature differentiation of myoblasts | JCB
In vertebrates, all skeletal muscles of trunk and limbs originate from somites, which are formed sequentially in a rostral-caudal direction through segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm during embryogenesis (Buckingham et al., 2003). In response to signals from the neural tube, notochord, and ectoderm, somites further differentiate into ventral-medially positioned sclerotome and dorsally located dermatome with the muscle-forming myotome sandwiched in between (Buckingham et al., 2003). In myotome, the muscle precursor cells establish their myogenic fate to form proliferating myoblasts by selectively expressing one or a few myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). Under appropriate conditions, the myoblasts withdraw from the cell cycle to differentiate into mononucleated myocytes, which, in turn, align with each other and fuse to form multinucleated myotubes or myofibers.. Muscle stem cells, which are also called muscle satellite cells (MSCs), start to form at the late stage of vertebrate embryo ...
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/179/1/129.long
Browse | ECBrowse | EC
The CC genotype of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism TaqI rs731236 has previously been associated with a higher risk of developing myopathy compared to TT carriers. However, the mechanistic role of this polymorphism in skeletal muscle is not well defined. The effects of vitamin D on patients genotyped for the VDR polymorphism TaqI rs731236, comparing CC and TT carriers were evaluated. Primary human myoblasts isolated from 4 CC carriers were compared with myoblasts isolated from four TT carriers and treated with vitamin D in vitro. A dose-dependent inhibitory effect on myoblast proliferation and differentiation was observed concurrent with modifications of key myogenic regulatory factors. RNA sequencing revealed a vitamin D dose-response gene signature enriched with a higher number of VDR-responsive elements (VDREs) per gene. Interestingly, the greater the expression of muscle differentiation markers in myoblasts, the more pronounced was the vitamin D-mediated response to suppress genes ...
https://ec.bioscientifica.com/browse?f_0=author&page=19&pageSize=10&sort=datedescending
The Differentiation of Chick Embryonic Myoblasts in Primary Culture - Enlighten: ThesesThe Differentiation of Chick Embryonic Myoblasts in Primary Culture - Enlighten: Theses
The differentiation of chick embryonic skeletal myoblasts results in the formation of myotubes which are the precursors of muscle fibres. The fusion of mononucleated myoblasts represents an apparent switching point in differentiation since it results in both the formation of multinucleated myotubes and the stimulation of muscle specific protein synthesis. The aim of this project has been to examine the biochemical events involved in this process of terminal differentiation by using primary cultures of chick embryonic myoblasts as a model system.. ...
http://theses.gla.ac.uk/77069/
Continuous exposure of isoprenaline inhibits myoblast differentiation and fusion through PKA/ERK1/2-FOXO1 signaling pathway |...Continuous exposure of isoprenaline inhibits myoblast differentiation and fusion through PKA/ERK1/2-FOXO1 signaling pathway |...
The objective of this study is to determine if exuberant sympathetic nerve activity is involved in muscle satellite cell differentiation and myoblast fusion. By using immunoassaying and western blot analyses, we found that β1 and β2-adrenergic receptors (AdR) were expressed in C2C12 cells. The differentiated satellite cells exhibited an increased expression of β2-AdR, as compared with the proliferating cells. Continuous exposure of isoprenaline (ISO), a β-AdR agonist, delayed C2C12 cell differentiation, and myoblast fusion in time- and dose-dependent manner. ISO also increased short myotube numbers while decreasing long myotube numbers, consistent with the greater reduction in MyHC1, MyHC2a, and MyHC2x expression. Moreover, continuous exposure of ISO gradually decreased the ratio of PKA RI/RII, and PKA RI activator efficiently reversed the ISO effect on C2C12 cell differentiation and myoblast fusion while PKA inhibitor H-89 deteriorated the effects. Continuous single-dose ISO increased β1-AdR
https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-019-1160-x/figures/3
Myogenesis - WikipediaMyogenesis - Wikipedia
Myogenesis is the formation of muscular tissue, particularly during embryonic development. Muscle fibers generally form the fusion of myoblasts into multi-nucleated fibers called myotubes. In the early development of an embryo, myoblasts can either proliferate, or differentiate into a myotube. What controls this choice in vivo is generally unclear. If placed in cell culture, most myoblasts will proliferate if enough fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or another growth factor is present in the medium surrounding the cells. When the growth factor runs out, the myoblasts cease division and undergo terminal differentiation into myotubes. Myoblast differentiation proceeds in stages. The first stage, involves cell cycle exit and the commencement of expression of certain genes. The second stage of differentiation involves the alignment of the myoblasts with one another. Studies have shown that even rat and chick myoblasts can recognise and align with one another, suggesting evolutionary conservation of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myogenesis
Follistatin could promote the proliferation of duck primary myoblasts by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling | Bioscience...Follistatin could promote the proliferation of duck primary myoblasts by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling | Bioscience...
Next, rapamycin (mTOR-specific inhibitor) was used to block mTOR [32], which is a downstream molecule in PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling [33]. Rapamycin has the ability to inhibit the proliferation of many cell lines [34,35]. Additionally, it was reported that rapamycin can inhibit the induction process of muscle hypertrophy [36], suggesting that mTOR plays an essential role in regulating muscle development. Our results showed that inhibiting mTOR with rapamycin in duck myoblasts led to a reduction in their capability for proliferation. Rapamycin can significantly reduce the expression of mTOR, S6K, MSTN, ACVR2 and increase the expression of FoxO1, MuRF1, without any influence on upstream regulators, including PI3K and Akt. These results indicate that in duck myoblasts, rapamycin could modulate the level of mTOR expression. This finding is consistent with previous researches, which demonstrated that rapamycin could inhibit the protein expression of mTOR and phospho-mTOR (serine 2448) in human primary ...
https://portlandpress.com/bioscirep/article/34/5/e00143/56109/Follistatin-could-promote-the-proliferation-of
BRD3 and BRD4 BET Bromodomain Proteins Differentially Regulate Skeletal Myogenesis. - Department of Physiology, Anatomy and...
Myogenic differentiation proceeds through a highly coordinated cascade of gene activation that necessitates epigenomic changes in chromatin structure. Using a screen of small molecule epigenetic probes we identified three compounds which inhibited myogenic differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts; (+)-JQ1, PFI-1, and Bromosporine. These molecules target Bromodomain and Extra Terminal domain (BET) proteins, which are epigenetic readers of acetylated histone lysine tail residues. BETi-mediated anti-myogenic effects were also observed in a model of MYOD1-mediated myogenic conversion of human fibroblasts, and in primary mouse and human myoblasts. All three BET proteins BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4 exhibited distinct and dynamic patterns of protein expression over the course of differentiation without concomitant changes in mRNA levels, suggesting that BET proteins are regulated at the post-transcriptional level. Specific BET protein knockdown by RNA interference revealed that BRD4 was required for myogenic differentiation
https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/publications/709097
Growth factor control of skeletal muscle differentiation: commitment to terminal differentiation occurs in G1 phase and is...Growth factor control of skeletal muscle differentiation: commitment to terminal differentiation occurs in G1 phase and is...
Analysis of MM14 mouse myoblasts demonstrates that terminal differentiation is repressed by pure preparations of both acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Basic FGF is approximately 30-fold more potent than acidic FGF and it exhibits half maximal activity in clonal assays at 0.03 ng/ml (2 pM). FGF repression occurs only during the G1 phase of the cell cycle by a mechanism that appears to be independent of ongoing cell proliferation. When exponentially growing myoblasts are deprived of FGF, cells become postmitotic within 2-3 h, express muscle-specific proteins within 6-7 h, and commence fusion within 12-14 h. Although expression of these three terminal differentiation phenotypes occurs at different times, all are initiated by a single regulatory commitment event in G1. The entire population commits to terminal differentiation within 12.5 h of FGF removal as all cells complete the cell cycle and move into G1. Differentiation does not require a new round of DNA synthesis. Comparison ...
https://rupress.org/jcb/article/105/2/949/58934/pages/privacy-policy
Other TachykininOther Tachykinin
Moreover, little is well known about the precise function of syndecan-4 in mammalian myoblast migration. Syndecan-4 was proven to have an effect on migration in a variety of cell types previously, including fibroblasts (Bass et al., 2007), endothelial cells (Chaudhuri et al., 2005), and hepatic stellate cells (Yin et al., 2017). syndecan-4 in cell polarity….. Read More Moreover, little is well known about the precise function of syndecan-4 in mammalian myoblast migration ». ...
http://www.nonamimaho.com/category/other-tachykinin/
Suppression of GSK-3β activation by M-cadherin protects myoblasts against mitochondria-associated apoptosis during myogenic...Suppression of GSK-3β activation by M-cadherin protects myoblasts against mitochondria-associated apoptosis during myogenic...
To evaluate the apoptotic propensity to high and low cell densities, C2C12 myoblasts were seeded in six-well plates at either 2.0×103/cm2 to obtain a low density (~20-30% confluent) or 2.1×104/cm2 to reach a high cell density (~100% confluent) within 48 hours. The phase-contrast images in the top panel of Fig. 1A show typical morphology of C2C12 myoblasts at low or high cell densities. The protein abundance of cleaved caspase-3 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was markedly increased in fully confluent cells when compared with cells that were plated at a low density (Fig. 1, middle panel). The cleavage of PARP by caspases leads to nuclear DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, a cell-death ELISA assay showed an elevation of cytosolic nucleosomes at full cell confluence (Fig. 1A, bottom panel). This provided additional evidence for an increase in apoptotic DNA fragmentation in confluent cells compared with non-confluent cells. We next explored the expression pattern and level of M-cadherin at ...
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/124/22/3835
Some myoblasts cell nuclei from the AD-EDMD patient 99- | Open-iSome myoblasts cell nuclei from the AD-EDMD patient 99- | Open-i
Some myoblasts cell nuclei from the AD-EDMD patient 99-3 are negative for antibodies to lamin A/C. Immunolabelling of myoblasts cells with mutation LMNA R377H (
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC407848_1471-2121-5-12-4&req=4
2002 - 11th Conference | FCMS Conferences | FCMS2002 - 11th Conference | FCMS Conferences | FCMS
The 11th Conference on Health Care of the Chinese in North AmericaDinner GalaConference Proceedings Host:The Chinese Hospital Medical StaffDate:May 25 - May 26, 2002 (Saturday/Sunday)Lo
https://fcmsmd.org/fcms-conference/2002-11th-conf/
ChIPping away at gene regulation | EMBO Reports
One of the main aims of ChIP‐based studies is to identify functionally direct target genes of a TF, to gain insights into its biology and the downstream pathways that it activates. These approaches have been applied successfully to several important areas of biology, including: the contribution of octamer‐binding protein 4 (OCT4), SRY box‐containing gene 2 (SOX2) and NANOG to pluripotency in embryonic stem cells; myoblast differentiation focusing on myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), myogenin and myocyte‐enhancer factor 2 (MEF2); and epigenetic marks (Blais et al, 2005; Boyer et al, 2005; Fischer et al, 2008). Epigenetic data are useful as an additional tier of analysis to correlate TF binding with transcriptional activation, as there is often no robust way of predicting this process based on TF‐binding profiles alone. Nonetheless, the complexity of these data makes network analysis a huge challenge. Many TFs drive the expression of others, which complicates the integration of ...
http://embor.embopress.org/content/9/4/337
Publication listPublication list
DNA methylation analysis of human myoblasts during in vitro myogenic differentiation: de novo methylation of promoters of muscle-related genes and its involvement in transcriptional down- ...
https://vivo.scripps.edu/publicationList?x=http%3A%2F%2Fvivo.scripps.edu%2Findividual%2FAsaharaHiroshi
Scleraxis messenger ribonucleic acid is expressed in C2C12 myoblasts and its level is down-regulated by bone morphogenetic...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Scleraxis messenger ribonucleic acid is expressed in C2C12 myoblasts and its level is down-regulated by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/scleraxis-messenger-ribonucleic-acid-is-expressed-in-c2c12-myobla/fingerprints/
NO induces myoblast fusion | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University PressNO induces myoblast fusion | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press
When the team added NO to cells but blocked production of cGMP, a known mediator of NO signaling, fusion was inhibited in a cGMP-reversible manner. Significantly, prolonged exposure of the myoblasts to a nonhydrolysable analogue of cGMP induced the formation of abnormally large muscle fibers in culture. A similar effect was not observed with extended exposure to an NO donor. ...
https://rupress.org/jcb/article/172/2/165a/52302/NO-induces-myoblast-fusion
Antibody Review - Myoblast Markers
Anti-Pax7 reactivity was found in the majority of satellite cells but a small population was Pax7 negative. Neither could we identify Pax7-positive nuclei in freshly regenerating myotubes or in presumed myoblasts in these biopsies. Similarly, in myogenic cell cultures derived from the explantation of human foetal muscle Pax7 expression was low or undetectable at the proliferative myoblast stage but it became prominent in an increasing proportion of mononucleate cells after the induction of differentiation. Despite this, in the biopsy samples, we occasionally found Pax7-positive nuclei in muscle fibres that seemed to be undergoing degenerative changes. Most of these were found to be the nuclei of cells engaged in focal regenerative processes, but Pax7 re-expression by myonuclei in distress cannot be ruled out entirely. PMID: 14648195 ...
http://antibodybeyond.com/reviews/cell-markers/myoblast-marker.htm
Mutagenetix > Incidental...Mutagenetix > Incidental...
FUNCTION: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ferlin family of proteins, which have been implicated in fusion events in muscle tissue. Members of this family have a carboxy-terminal single pass transmembrane domain and multiple C2 domains, which bind negatively charged phospholipids in the presence of calcium ions. This gene is expressed at high levels in myoblasts and upregulated in damaged skeletal muscle. Mice deficient in this protein display defects in myoblast fusion, muscle regeneration, and angiogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014 ...
https://mutagenetix.utsouthwestern.edu/incidental/incidental_rec.cfm?mid=41537
Table of Contents - October 16, 2012, 5 (246) | Science SignalingTable of Contents - October 16, 2012, 5 (246) | Science Signaling
Online Cover This week features a Research Article that suggests that the noncanonical NF-κB pathway promotes the fusion of myoblasts into multinuclear myotubes during muscle generation. In mice, loss of cIAP1, an inhibitor of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway, resulted in enhanced fusion of myoblasts compared to that in wild-type mice. The image shows a primary myotube from a mouse deficient in cIAP1, with the myotube stained in red and the nuclei in green. [Image: Emeka Enwere, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada] ...
http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/5/246
Gene Expression Literature DetailGene Expression Literature Detail
J:113423 Martinez-Fernandez S, Hernandez-Torres F, Franco D, Lyons GE, Navarro F, Aranega AE, Pitx2c overexpression promotes cell proliferation and arrests differentiation in myoblasts. Dev Dyn. 2006 Nov;235(11):2930-9 ...
http://www.informatics.jax.org/gxdlit/key/61062
Strategy to suppress China is turning US into a loner - Global TimesStrategy to suppress China is turning US into a loner - Global Times
China has successfully brought the COVID-19 epidemic under control. It has been able to resume work and production. It is one of the few places on earth now with the most promising potential for growth. Its not hard to tell which side will suffer more if the US continues to try its decoupling from China economically.
https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1194298.shtml
Wilson Review From Sundance: Woody Harrelson as an Aging Misanthrope -...Wilson Review From Sundance: Woody Harrelson as an Aging Misanthrope -...
Harrelson plays a middle-aged loner curmudgeon in a comedy based on a graphic novel by Daniel Clowes, the creator of Ghost World.
http://variety.com/2017/film/reviews/wilson-review-woody-harrelson-1201966568/
Response of primary myoblast cultures isolated from Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse models to inflammatory stimuli and...Response of primary myoblast cultures isolated from Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse models to inflammatory stimuli and...
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of diseases that result in progressive muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive form of MD that results from the absence of the protein dystrophin. As a result, muscle fibre membranes are damaged upon contraction to the extent that the natural regenerative properties of muscle, normally provided by primary myoblasts, are exhausted. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible role that primary myoblasts play in muscle inflammation that is observed in DMD patients. Primary myoblasts were isolated from the new murine model of DMD, D2.B10-Dmdmdx (DBA/mdx), and a purification procedure was standardized based on the adherence properties of primary myoblasts. Cultures were treated with five inflammatory stimulating treatments: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 agonist, TLR-8 agonist and TLR-9 agonist. Cultures were also treated with a commercially available inflammatory ...
https://scholar.acadiau.ca/islandora/object/theses%3A1468?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=53ca85a5d6453877f8bc&
Drosophila Myoblast Fusion: Invasion and Resistance for the Ultimate Union<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Drosophila Myoblast Fusion. T2 - Invasion and Resistance for the Ultimate Union. AU - Lee, Donghoon M.. AU - Chen, Elizabeth H.. N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants R01 AR053173 and R01 GM098816, an American Heart Association Established Investigator Award, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Faculty Scholar Award to E.H.C. D.M.L. is supported by a Canadian Institute of Health Research postdoctoral fellowship. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Annual Reviews Inc.. All rights reserved.. PY - 2019. Y1 - 2019. N2 - Cell-cell fusion is indispensable for creating life and building syncytial tissues and organs. Ever since the discovery of cell-cell fusion, how cells join together to form zygotes and multinucleated syncytia has remained a fundamental question in cell and developmental biology. In the past two decades, Drosophila myoblast fusion has been used as a powerful genetic model to unravel mechanisms underlying cell-cell ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/drosophila-myoblast-fusion-invasion-and-resistance-for-the-ultima
Myoblast fusion in has turned into a powerful genetic system with - Aurora Kinases as Druggable Targets in Cancer Therapy
Myoblast fusion in has turned into a powerful genetic system with which to unravel the mechanisms underlying cell fusion. intermediates and specific membrane events at sites of fusion. With this chapter we describe standard chemical fixation and high-pressure freezing/freeze substitution methods for visualizing fusion intermediates during myoblast fusion. Furthermore we describe an immunoelectron microscopic method for localizing specific proteins relative Omecamtiv mecarbil to the fusion apparatus. is definitely functionally equivalent to vertebrate skeletal muscle mass yet the take flight musculature is much simpler and requires only a short time to develop (1). These features together with the great genetic tools available for embryo happens between two types of muscle mass cells: muscle mass founder cells and fusion-competent myoblasts (2 3 Muscle mass founder cells determine the position orientation and size of the future muscle mass materials whereas fusion-competent myoblasts migrate ...
http://www.exposed-skin-care.net/2017/03/03/myoblast-fusion-in-has-turned-into-a-powerful-genetic-system-with/
Abstract 12857: The Use of Cell Sheet Technique Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of Skeletal Myoblast Transplantation with...Abstract 12857: The Use of Cell Sheet Technique Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of Skeletal Myoblast Transplantation with...
There is compelling experimental evidence to show that transplantation of skeletal myoblasts (SMBs) improves the function of failing hearts via paracrine effects. However, clinical application of this strategy has been curtailed due to arrhythmia occurrence and inconsistent outcomes observed in previous clinical trials of intramyocardial (IM) injection of SMBs. Severe inflammation and resultant global reduction of connexin43 have been reported to be causes of the arrhythmogenicity. Recent developments in bioengineering technology enabled production of cell sheets using temperature-responsive culture dishes, which allows retrieval of cells without enzymatic dissociation-related damages. We hypothesized that epicardial attachment of cell sheets would enhance retention, survival, and maintenance of functions of donor SMBs in the heart, with less myocardial injury, and therefore overcome the drawbacks of IM injection.. Methods & Results: After left coronary artery ligation in female Lewis rats, ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/122/Suppl_21/A12857
Syndecan-3 and Notch cooperate in regulating adult myogenesis | JCBSyndecan-3 and Notch cooperate in regulating adult myogenesis | JCB
HSPGs play critical roles in regulating growth factor signaling pathways via a variety of mechanisms, including coreceptor functions, ligand sequestration, morphogenetic boundary regulation, and stem cell fate determination (Rapraeger et al., 1991; Lander, 1998; Muñoz et al., 2006; Dombrowski et al., 2009). Syndecan-3, a transmembrane HSPG expressed in adult SCs, has been previously described as playing a role in adult myogenesis (Fuentealba et al., 1999; Cornelison et al., 2001; Cornelison et al., 2004), but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. An in-depth characterization of sdc3−/− phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, combined with an unbiased analysis of gene expression and signaling, have allowed us to further explore the mechanisms involved in Syndecan-3-mediated regulation of adult myogenesis.. To identify signaling pathways contributing to the sdc3−/− phenotype, we performed a global gene expression analysis comparing wild-type and sdc3−/− SCs in uninjured muscle ...
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/190/3/427
Heart failure: aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment | HeartHeart failure: aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment | Heart
The second day the conference focused on newer aspects of treatment for heart failure. Philippe Menasche (Paris) described the results of skeletal myoblast transfer in man. Based upon previous studies in animals, they had been able to optimise cell survival of thigh muscle myoblasts grown in culture. After 16 days culture a suspension containing 150 × 106 cells/ml is injected into scar tissue at the time of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Although some 90% of these cells die early after transplantation, those that survive remain committed to skeletal muscle form, but are resistant to ischaemia. To date, there is no evidence that skeletal myoblast transplantation leads to the formation of connexin 43 junctions, but arrhythmias remain a potential complication. Nevertheless, initial results in eight patients have shown evidence of improved cardiac function. A trial is proposed which will compare CABG grafting and injection of medium with CABG surgery and transplanted cells in 70-75 ...
http://heart.bmj.com/content/88/6/567
Glutathione-peroxidase-1 null muscle progenitor cells are globally defective<...Glutathione-peroxidase-1 null muscle progenitor cells are globally defective<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Glutathione-peroxidase-1 null muscle progenitor cells are globally defective. AU - Lee, Sukkyoo. AU - Shin, H. Stella. AU - Shireman, Paula K.. AU - Vasilaki, Aphrodite. AU - Van Remmen, Holly. AU - Csete, Marie E.. PY - 2006/10/1. Y1 - 2006/10/1. N2 - Mice lacking glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx1) have decreased resistance to systemically administered oxidants as well as infections, and sustain increased damage after ischemia-reperfusion injuries. However, stem or progenitor cell function in these animals has not been studied. We characterized patterns of proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of primary muscle progenitor cells (myoblasts) from Gpx1-/- mice. Myoblasts are the transit amplifying compartment of skeletal muscle. All aspects of myoblast biology are negatively affected by deletion of Gpx1. In particular, passaged, proliferating Gpx1-/- myoblasts, when induced to differentiate into fused multinucleated myotubes, show significant impairment, and form only a few ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/glutathione-peroxidase-1-null-muscle-progenitor-cells-are-globall
SOX15 - Protein SOX-15 - Homo sapiens (Human) - SOX15 gene & proteinSOX15 - Protein SOX-15 - Homo sapiens (Human) - SOX15 gene & protein
Transcription factor that binds to DNA at the 5-AACAATG-3 consensus sequence (By similarity). Acts as a transcriptional activator and repressor (By similarity). Binds synergistically with POU5F1 (OCT3/4) to gene promoters (By similarity). Binds to the FOXK1 promoter and recruits FHL3, resulting in transcriptional activation of FOXK1 which leads to myoblast proliferation (By similarity). Acts as an inhibitor of myoblast differentiation via transcriptional repression which leads to down-regulation of the muscle-specific genes MYOD and MYOG (By similarity). Involved in trophoblast giant cell differentiation via enhancement of HAND1 transcriptional activity (By similarity). Regulates transcription of HRC via binding to it proximal enhancer region (By similarity). Involved in skeletal muscle regeneration (By similarity). Also plays a role in the development of myogenic precursor cells (By similarity).
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O60248
Nonviral vector-based gene transfection of primary human skeletal myoblasts | ScholarBank@NUSNonviral vector-based gene transfection of primary human skeletal myoblasts | [email protected]
Ye, L., Esa, W.B., Haider, H.Kh., Law, P.K., Zhang, W., Su, L., Zhang, Y., Sim, E.K.W. (2007). Nonviral vector-based gene transfection of primary human skeletal myoblasts. Experimental Biology and Medicine 232 (11) : 1477-1487. [email protected] Repository. https://doi.org/10.3181/0706-RM- ...
http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/30162
HDACs - Inhibition of protein kinase CK2 prevents the progression of glomerulonephritisHDACs - Inhibition of protein kinase CK2 prevents the progression of glomerulonephritis
Data Availability StatementAll components and data can be accessible on demand. avoid artefactual results caused by pre-senescent adjustments. Since these cells ought to be researched within a firmly controlled pre-senescent division count ( 21 divisions), and yields of myoblasts per muscle biopsy are low, it is difficult or impossible to amplify sufficiently large cell numbers (some 250 106 myoblasts) to obtain sufficient conditioned medium for the standard ultracentrifugation approach to exosome isolation. Thus, an optimized strategy to extract and study secretory muscle vesicles is needed. In this study, conditions are optimized for the in vitro cultivation of human myoblasts, and the quality and yield of exosomes extracted using an ultracentrifugation protocol are compared with a modified polymer-based precipitation strategy combined with extra washing steps. Both vesicle extraction methods successfully enriched exosomes, as vesicles were positive for CD63, CD82, CD81, floated at identical ...
https://southpadremaps.com/category/hdacs/
Functional analysis of SH3 domain containing ring finger 2 during the myogenic differentiation of quail myoblast cells ...Functional analysis of SH3 domain containing ring finger 2 during the myogenic differentiation of quail myoblast cells ...
Objective: Owing to the public availability of complete genome sequences, including avian species, massive bioinformatics analyses may be conducted for computational gene prediction and the identification of gene regulatory networks through various informatics tools. However, to evaluate the biofunctional activity of a predicted target gene, in vivo and in vitro functional genomic analyses should be a prerequisite. Methods: Due to a lack of quail genomic sequence information, we first identified the partial genomic structure and sequences of the quail SH3 domain containing ring finger 2 (SH3RF2) gene. Subsequently, SH3RF2 was knocked out using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 technology and single cell-derived SH3RF2 mutant sublines were established to study the biofunctional activity of SH3RF2 in quail myoblast (QM7) cells during muscle differentiation. Results: Through a T7 endonuclease I assay and genotyping analysis, we established an SH3RF2 knockout (KO) QM7#4
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO201733347805345.page?lang=en
EPO - T 0174/07 (Cardiac repair/GENVEC) of 6.2.2009EPO - T 0174/07 (Cardiac repair/GENVEC) of 6.2.2009
Summary of Facts and Submissions. I. European patent application No. 00 948 918.8 with the title Muscle cells and their use in cardiac repair filed as a International application PCT/US 00/20129 was published under No. WO 01/07568. It was refused by the examining division in a decision dated 15 September 2006.. II. The decision of the examining division was taken on the basis of a main request and seven auxiliary requests which were all found to lack of novelty.. Claim 1 of said main request read as follows:. 1. A transplantable composition comprising isolated adult skeletal myoblast cells and isolated fibroblast cells, wherein the composition comprises from 20 to 70% skeletal myoblast cells. (see decision of the examining division, section X). The examining division observed, in particular, that document (4) on file (infra) described a composition of skeletal myoblast and fibroblast cells which were adult cells since the donor was identified as the subject of myocardial treatment. The ...
http://www.epo.org/law-practice/case-law-appeals/recent/t070174eu1.html
Publications
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma and outcomes have stagnated, highlighting a need for novel therapies. Genomic analysis of RMS has revealed that alterations in the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/RAS/PI3K axis are common and that FGFR4 is frequently mutated or overexpressed. Although FGFR4 is a potentially druggable receptor tyrosine kinase, its functions in RMS are undefined. This study tested FGFR4-activating mutations and overexpression for the ability to generate RMS in mice. Murine tumor models were subsequently used to discover potential therapeutic targets and to test a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor in a preclinical setting. Specifically, we provide the first mechanistic evidence of differential potency in the most common human RMS mutations, V550E or N535K, compared to FGFR4wtoverexpression as murine myoblasts expressing FGFR4V550Eundergo higher rates of cellular transformation, engraftment into mice, and rapidly form sarcomas that highly resemble human ...
https://publications.ncats.nih.gov/sitemap?rows=10&page=4&facet=Author/Ferrer-Alegre,%20Marc
syndecan 3 Protocols and Video...syndecan 3 Protocols and Video...
Video articles in JoVE about syndecan 3 include Isolation, Culture, and Transplantation of Muscle Satellite Cells, Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans, Minimally Invasive Muscle Embedding (MIME) - A Novel Experimental Technique to Facilitate Donor-Cell-Mediated Myogenesis.
https://www.jove.com/keyword/syndecan+3
Mitophagy is required for mitochondrial biogenesis and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. - PubMed - NCBIMitophagy is required for mitochondrial biogenesis and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26566717
Plus it
In HAECs, the molecular diversity of Kir2 subunits at the transcript level is higher than the diversity of functional Kir. While for Kir2.3 this discrepancy could be explained by undetectable levels of protein expression due to very low transcription, the transcript level of Kir2.4 is similar to that of Kir2.1, suggesting that Kir2.4 functional expression is regulated at a posttranscriptional level. A discrepancy between the heterogeneity of K+ channels at the transcript and functional levels was reported previously for Kir2.x channels in human myoblasts (8) and for voltage-gated K+ channels in rat cardiomyocytes (2, 49), and it has been proposed that translational-posttranslational steps may contribute a rate-limiting step to channel expression (38). Protein expression of Kir2.x subunits in HAECs is consistent with the functional expression of the channels.. The peak IK unitary conductance levels in HAECs (25 and 35 pS) are similar to previously reported values in human umbilical vein ...
http://ajpcell.physiology.org/content/289/5/C1134
Most recent papers with the keyword myoblast electroporation | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword myoblast electroporation | Read by QxMD
The fusion of myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes is a crucial step of muscle growth during development and of muscle repair in the adult. While multiple genes were shown to play a role in this process, a vertebrate model where novel candidates can be tested and analyzed at high throughput and relative ease has been lacking. Here, we show that the early chicken embryo is a fast and robust model in which functional testing of muscle fusion candidate genes can be performed. We have used known modulators of muscle fusion, Rac1 and Cdc42, along with the in vivo electroporation of integrated, inducible vectors, to show that the chicken embryo is a suitable model in which their function can be tested and quantified ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/11484
Fasting cancer - Search Results -...Fasting cancer - Search Results -...
Foxo-1, a member of the Foxo forkhead type transcription factors, is markedly upregulated in skeletal muscle in energy-deprived states such as fasting, cancer and severe diabetes. In this study, we target the Foxo-1 mRNA in a mouse skeletal myoblast cell line C2C12 ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%E2%80%9CFasting+cancer%E2%80%9D
US Patent for Myoblast therapy for cosmetic treatment Patent (Patent # 7,341,719 issued March 11, 2008) - Justia Patents SearchUS Patent for Myoblast therapy for cosmetic treatment Patent (Patent # 7,341,719 issued March 11, 2008) - Justia Patents Search
Compositions and methods of treating mammalian diseases using myoblasts, and/or their physical, genetic, chemical derivatives. Myogenic cells that are normal, or genetically or phenotypically altered are cultured and transplanted into malfunctioning and/or degenerative tissues or organs to alleviate conditions that are hereditary, degenerative, debilitating, undesirable, and/or fatal. Treatment of these conditions is not limited to the usage of mechanical, electrical or physical properties of these myogenic cells, but includes the usage of biochemicals secreted/released by the latter. The present invention discloses the use of normal myoblasts to deliver the complete normal genome to effect genetic repair, or to augment the size, or the function of tissues or organs. Certain conditions may be better served with genetically altered myogenic cells derived from gene transduction, whereas others may be better served with cytoclimes converter cells. Endogenous biochemical(s) are used to control cell fusion
https://patents.justia.com/patent/7341719
FCMS 7th Grade Mathematics [licensed for non-commercial use only] / SpiralReview17.pdfFCMS 7th Grade Mathematics [licensed for non-commercial use only] / SpiralReview17.pdf
No preview is available for SpiralReview17.pdf because its size exceeds 1.0 MB. To view it, click the Download tab above.. ...
http://fcmsmath7.pbworks.com/w/file/50268072/SpiralReview17.pdf
The Effect of Curcumin on GLUT4 Gene Expression as a Diabetic Resistance Marker in C2C12 Myoblast Cells - مجله ایرانی دیابت و...The Effect of Curcumin on GLUT4 Gene Expression as a Diabetic Resistance Marker in C2C12 Myoblast Cells - مجله ایرانی دیابت و...
Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity is scientific quarterly journal published by Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=193&sid=1&slc_lang=fa
Incorporation of [14C]Palmitate into the Lipids of Cultured Chick-Embryo Myoblasts | Biochemical Society TransactionsIncorporation of [14C]Palmitate into the Lipids of Cultured Chick-Embryo Myoblasts | Biochemical Society Transactions
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Biochemical Society Transactions.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/4/6/1065
Loner Psychology | HuffPost CanadaLoner Psychology | HuffPost Canada
He was a quiet, withdrawn loner. A young man who would stare at the floor and press himself against the wall, gripping his briefcase, if others approached him. This is how Adam Lanza - the gunman who ...
http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/news/loner-psychology/
Myocardial grafts and cellular compositions useful for same - FIELD LOREN J.Myocardial grafts and cellular compositions useful for same - FIELD LOREN J.
Described are preferred myocardial grafts of skeletal myoblasts or cardiomyocytes, and cellular compositions and methods useful in obtaining the grafts. The myocardial grafts are stable and can be use
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2002/0061295.html
13th World Congress on Heart Disease - Preliminary Presentations13th World Congress on Heart Disease - Preliminary Presentations
Long-Lasting Plasticity of Slow-Twitch Skeletal Myoblasts with Connexin-43 for the Efficient Engraftment and Functional Improvement of Failing ...
http://www.cardiologyonline.com/wchd07/prelim_pres.htm
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Myoblast cityMyoblast city
However, at about the 11th hour, most myoblasts fail to fuse. As development progresses, some myoblasts show signs of fusion, ... "Drosophila myoblast city encodes a conserved protein that is essential for myoblast fusion, dorsal closure, and cytoskeletal ... myoblast+city+protein,+Drosophila at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e (Protein pages ... The Myoblast city locus was identified by deletion mapping, using this technique researchers were able to isolate the location ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myoblast_city
Helen BlauHelen Blau
Blau, H. M.; Dhawan, J.; Pavlath, G. K. (1993-08-01). "Myoblasts in pattern formation and gene therapy". Trends in Genetics. 9 ... Blau, H. M.; Webster, C.; Pavlath, G. K. (1983-08-01). "Defective myoblasts identified in Duchenne muscular dystrophy". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Blau
C2C12C2C12
... is an immortalized mouse myoblast cell line. The C2C12 cell line is a subclone of myoblasts that were originally obtained ... Mononucleated myoblasts can later fuse to form multinucleated myotubes under low serum conditions or starvation, leading to the ... In their study, a set of C2C12 cells were cultured from normal mouse myoblasts, which were cultured from 2-month old C3H mice ... Developed for in vitro studies of myoblasts isolated from the complex interactions of in vivo conditions, C2C12 cells are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2C12
KCNH5KCNH5
1998). "Cloning of a human ether-a-go-go potassium channel expressed in myoblasts at the onset of fusion". FEBS Lett. 434 (1-2 ... This gene is not expressed in differentiating myoblasts. Alternative splicing results in three transcript variants encoding ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNH5
Ceramide kinaseCeramide kinase
Recently, phosphorylation of ceramide via CERK has been shown to stimulate myoblast proliferation. It was demonstrated that C-1 ... "Ceramide 1-phosphate stimulates proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts". Biochimie. 94 (3): 597-607. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2011.09.009 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramide_kinase
MyoDMyoD
Although MyoD marks myoblast commitment, muscle development is not dramatically ablated in mouse mutants lacking the MyoD gene ... In Setdb1 depleted myoblasts that are treated with exogenous MyoD, myoblastic differentiation is successfully restored. In one ... The function of MyoD in development is to commit mesoderm cells to a skeletal myoblast lineage, and then to regulate that ... MyoD, also known as myoblast determination protein 1, is a protein in animals that plays a major role in regulating muscle ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MyoD
MyogenesisMyogenesis
When the growth factor runs out, the myoblasts cease division and undergo terminal differentiation into myotubes. Myoblast ... c-Met is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is required for the survival and proliferation of migrating myoblasts. A lack of c-Met ... The second stage of differentiation involves the alignment of the myoblasts with one another. Studies have shown that even rat ... If placed in cell culture, most myoblasts will proliferate if enough fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or another growth factor is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myogenesis
FerlinsFerlins
Doherty KR, Cave A, Davis DB, Delmonte AJ, Posey A, Earley JU, Hadhazy M, McNally EM (December 2005). "Normal myoblast fusion ... However, it has been shown experimentally that loss of myoferlin results in reduced myoblast fusion and muscle size. There is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferlins
Muscle cellMuscle cell
The fusion of myoblasts is specific to skeletal muscle, and not cardiac muscle or smooth muscle. Myoblasts in skeletal muscle ... Muscle cells (including myocytes and muscle fibers) develop from embryonic precursor cells called myoblasts. Myoblasts fuse to ... this multinucleate condition results from multiple myoblasts fusing to produce each muscle fiber, where each myoblast ... A myoblast is an embryonic precursor cell that differentiates to give rise to the different muscle cell types. Differentiation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_cell
Directed differentiationDirected differentiation
Davis RL, Weintraub H, Lassar AB (1987). "Expression of a single transfected cDNA converts fibroblasts to myoblasts". Cell. 51 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_differentiation
Induced stem cellsInduced stem cells
Davis RL, Weintraub H, Lassar AB (December 1987). "Expression of a single transfected cDNA converts fibroblasts to myoblasts". ... "Transfection of a DNA locus that mediates the conversion of 10T1/2 fibroblasts to myoblasts". Cell. 47 (5): 649-56. doi:10.1016 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_stem_cells
KCNH1KCNH1
It is activated at the onset of myoblast differentiation. The gene is highly expressed in brain and in myoblasts. ... "Cloning of a human ether-a-go-go potassium channel expressed in myoblasts at the onset of fusion". FEBS Letters. 434 (1-2): 177 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNH1
TransdifferentiationTransdifferentiation
Forcing mouse embryonic fibroblasts to express MyoD was found to be sufficient to turn those cells into myoblasts. The only ... Davis, R. L.; Weintraub, H.; Lassar, A. B. (1987). "Expression of a single transfected cDNA converts fibroblasts to myoblasts ... 5-azacytidine is also known to promote phenotypic transdifferentiation of cardiac cells to skeletal myoblasts. In prostate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transdifferentiation
Examples of in vitro transdifferentiation by lineage-instructive approachExamples of in vitro transdifferentiation by lineage-instructive approach
Davis, R. L.; Weintraub, H.; Lassar, A. B. (1987). "Expression of a single transfected cDNA converts fibroblasts to myoblasts ... myoblasts (MyoD) Fibroblasts → melanocytes (MITF) Glial cells → neurons (Pax6) Erythorid-megakaryocytic cells → monocytic cells ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Examples_of_in_vitro_transdifferentiation_by_lineage-instructive_approach
Cellular cardiomyoplastyCellular cardiomyoplasty
"Autologous skeletal myoblasts transplanted to ischemia-damaged myocardium in humans". Journal of the American College of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_cardiomyoplasty
DYRK1BDYRK1B
"Mirk/Dyrk1B mediates survival during the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (27): 25788-801. doi:10.1074/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DYRK1B
DPYSL3DPYSL3
E-box required for maximal expression in neuroblastoma and myoblasts". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (22): 16560-8. doi:10.1074/jbc. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPYSL3
ADAM12ADAM12
... is required for myoblast fusion". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (18): 13933-9. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.18.13933. PMID 10788519. Shi Z, Xu W, ... is required for myoblast fusion". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (18): 13933-9. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.18.13933. PMID 10788519. Iba K, ... "A metalloprotease-disintegrin participating in myoblast fusion". Nature. 377 (6550): 652-6. Bibcode:1995Natur.377..652Y. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADAM12
Gap junctionGap junction
1978). "Toward a mechanism of myoblast fusion". Prog Clin Biol Res. 23: 563-8. PMID 96453. Baerwald RJ (1975). "Inverted gap ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_junction
ApoptosisApoptosis
"Apoptosis and differentiation of Xenopus tail-derived myoblasts by thyroid hormone". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 54 (3 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis
African clawed frogAfrican clawed frog
"Apoptosis and differentiation of Xenopus tail-derived myoblasts by thyroid hormone". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 54 (3 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_clawed_frog
RALBP1RALBP1
"Involvement of Ras and Ral in Chemotactic Migration of Skeletal Myoblasts". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (13): 4658-65. doi:10.1128/MCB. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RALBP1
RALARALA
"Involvement of Ras and Ral in chemotactic migration of skeletal myoblasts". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (13): 4658-65. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RALA
Concanavalin AConcanavalin A
Gartner TK, Podleski TR (December 1975). "Evidence that a membrane bound lectin mediates fusion of L6 myoblasts". Biochemical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concanavalin_A
PLD3PLD3
... may also interact with Akt and insulin in myoblasts in vitro. Mutations in PLD3 have been studied for their potential role ... Increased PLD3 expression was shown to increase myotube formation in differentiated mouse myoblasts in vitro, and ER stress ... Overexpression of PLD3 in mouse myoblasts in vitro may inhibit Akt phosphorylation and block signal transduction during insulin ... Over-expression of phospholipase D3 inhibits Akt phosphorylation in C2C12 myoblasts]". Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLD3
Annexin A7Annexin A7
... isoforms in differentiating myoblasts". J. Muscle Res. Cell. Motil. 20 (7): 669-79. doi:10.1023/A:1005524623337. PMID 10672515 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexin_A7
Phospholipase D1Phospholipase D1
"Involvement of Ras and Ral in chemotactic migration of skeletal myoblasts". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (13): 4658-65. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase_D1
Iodine in biologyIodine in biology
"Apoptosis and differentiation of Xenopus tail-derived myoblasts by thyroid hormone". J Mol Endocrinol. 54 (3): 185-192. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine_in_biology
RhabdomyosarcomaRhabdomyosarcoma
"Pax3 inhibits myogenic differentiation of cultured myoblast cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (20): 11719-11722 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabdomyosarcoma
IFRD1IFRD1
In fact, inhibition of IFRD1 function in C2C12 myoblasts, by antisense IFRD1 cDNA transfection or microinjection of anti-IFRD1 ... Guardavaccaro D, Ciotti MT, Schäfer BW, Montagnoli A, Tirone F (1995). "Inhibition of differentiation in myoblasts deprived of ... "PC4/Tis7/IFRD1 stimulates skeletal muscle regeneration and is involved in myoblast differentiation as a regulator of MyoD and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFRD1
myoblasts News Research Tags Articles - Neuroscience Newsmyoblasts News Research Tags Articles - Neuroscience News
Neuroscience research articles are provided.. What is neuroscience? Neuroscience is the scientific study of nervous systems. Neuroscience can involve research from many branches of science including those involving neurology, brain science, neurobiology, psychology, computer science, artificial intelligence, statistics, prosthetics, neuroimaging, engineering, medicine, physics, mathematics, pharmacology, electrophysiology, biology, robotics and technology. ...
https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/myoblasts/?filtered=atoz
JCI - High efficiency of muscle regeneration after human myoblast clone transplantation in SCID mice.JCI - High efficiency of muscle regeneration after human myoblast clone transplantation in SCID mice.
The muscles were then injected with roughly 5 million human myoblasts. 1 mo later, 16-33% of the normal number of muscle fibers ... The same pool of clones of human myoblasts produced only < or = 4% of muscle fibers containing human dystrophin when injected ... Several of the human myoblasts did not fuse and remained in interstitial space or tightly associated with muscle fibers ... Moreover, cultures of 98% pure human myoblasts were obtained from transplanted SCID muscles. In some mice where the muscle ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/117011/pdf
Quantitative profiling of the rat heart myoblast secretome reveals differential responses to hypoxia and re-oxygenation stressQuantitative profiling of the rat heart myoblast secretome reveals differential responses to hypoxia and re-oxygenation stress
Gain-of-function dynamin-2 mutations linked to centronuclear myopathy impair Ca2+-induced exocytosis in human myoblasts |...Gain-of-function dynamin-2 mutations linked to centronuclear myopathy impair Ca2+-induced exocytosis in human myoblasts |...
Gain-of-function dynamin-2 mutations linked to centronuclear myopathy impair Ca2+-induced exocytosis in human myoblasts. View ... Gain-of-function dynamin-2 mutations linked to centronuclear myopathy impair Ca2+-induced exocytosis in human myoblasts ... Gain-of-function dynamin-2 mutations linked to centronuclear myopathy impair Ca2+-induced exocytosis in human myoblasts ... Gain-of-function dynamin-2 mutations linked to centronuclear myopathy impair Ca2+-induced exocytosis in human myoblasts ...
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506089v1
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MSTN gene editing induced mitochondrial alterations in C2C12 myoblast cells | Wang | Electronic Journal of...
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MSTN gene editing induced mitochondrial alterations in C2C12 myoblast cells ... CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MSTN gene editing induced mitochondrial alterations in C2C12 myoblast cells ... CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MSTN gene editing induced mitochondrial alterations in C2C12 myoblast cells ... CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MSTN gene editing induced mitochondrial alterations in C2C12 myoblast cells. Lamei Wang, Sen Ma, Qiang ...
http://www.ejbiotechnology.info/index.php/ejbiotechnology/article/view/2019.03.009/information/readers
Myoblast marker -avian Antibody (L4) - DSHBMyoblast marker -avian Antibody (L4) - DSHB
Antigen: myoblast marker (avian) Available to For-Profits: Yes Antigen Species: chicken Hybridoma Cells Available (Non-Profit ... Depositors Notes: Cell binding note: skeletal myoblasts, embryonic & fetal skeletal myofibers, cardiac muscle and neurons; ...
https://dshb.biology.uiowa.edu/L4
Association of emerin with nuclear and cytoplasmic actin is regulated in differentiating myoblasts<...
Association of emerin with nuclear and cytoplasmic actin is regulated in differentiating myoblasts. / Lattanzi, Giovanna; Cenni ... Association of emerin with nuclear and cytoplasmic actin is regulated in differentiating myoblasts. In: Biochemical and ... A serine-threonine phosphatase activity markedly increases emerin-actin binding even in cycling myoblasts. This effect is also ... Association of emerin with nuclear and cytoplasmic actin is regulated in differentiating myoblasts. Biochemical and Biophysical ...
https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/association-of-emerin-with-nuclear-and-cytoplasmic-actin-is-regul
Beta and gamma actin mRNAs are differentially located within myoblasts | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University PressBeta and gamma actin mRNAs are differentially located within myoblasts | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press
Beta and gamma actin mRNAs are differentially located within myoblasts MA Hill, MA Hill ... MA Hill, P Gunning; Beta and gamma actin mRNAs are differentially located within myoblasts. J Cell Biol 15 August 1993; 122 (4 ... This study shows that myoblasts differentially segregate the beta and gamma actin mRNAs. The distribution of gamma actin mRNA, ... Noncoding regions of the gamma-actin gene influence the impact of the gene on myoblast morphology. ...
https://rupress.org/jcb/article/122/4/825/14739/Beta-and-gamma-actin-mRNAs-are-differentially
Expression of the troponin complex genes: transcriptional coactivation during myoblast differentiation and independent control...
Expression of the troponin complex genes: transcriptional coactivation during myoblast differentiation and independent control ... Expression of the troponin complex genes: transcriptional coactivation during myoblast differentiation and independent control ... Expression of the troponin complex genes: transcriptional coactivation during myoblast differentiation and independent control ...
https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/15183324
Myoblasts generated by lentiviral mediated MyoD transduction of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) fibroblasts can be used for...Myoblasts generated by lentiviral mediated MyoD transduction of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) fibroblasts can be used for...
From: Myoblasts generated by lentiviral mediated MyoD transduction of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) fibroblasts can be used ...
https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-0500-4-490/figures/3
Myoblast-conditioned media improve regeneration and revascularization of ischemic muscles in diabetic mice | Stem Cell Research...Myoblast-conditioned media improve regeneration and revascularization of ischemic muscles in diabetic mice | Stem Cell Research...
In myoblasts and muscle satellite cells HO-1 improves survival, proliferation and production of proangiogenic growth factors. ... We aimed to examine whether conditioned media from the HO-1 overexpressing myoblast cell line can improve a blood-flow recovery ... Mice were treated with a single intramuscular injection of conditioned media harvested from wild-type C2C12 myoblast cell line ... From: Myoblast-conditioned media improve regeneration and revascularization of ischemic muscles in diabetic mice ...
https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-015-0063-8/figures/5
No MAGIC from myoblasts in HF
... consisting of 800 million myoblast cells, appeared to reverse LV remodeling. (American Heart Association 2006 Scientific ... Neither a high nor a low dose of myoblast cells injected during CABG improved local contractility or global function better ... Chicago, IL - The Myoblast Autologous Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (MAGIC) trial failed to reach its primary efficacy ... None of the deaths in the myoblast groups were attributable to the procedure or to arrhythmias. Disappointingly, however, the ...
https://www.staging.medscape.com/viewarticle/788886
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Blood Pressure Control, ACE Inhibitors and ARBsDilated Cardiomyopathy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Blood Pressure Control, ACE Inhibitors and ARBs
Myoblast transplantation. Myoblast transplantation involves the injection of skeletal myoblasts as an autograft into damaged ... The Myoblast Autologous Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (MAGIC) trial was the first randomized placebo-controlled trial ... There was also a higher rate of postoperative arrhythmic events in myoblast-treated patients, but there were no differences in ... The Myoblast Autologous Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (MAGIC) trial: first randomized placebo-controlled study of ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/152696-166421/what-is-the-role-of-blood-pressure-control-in-the-treatment-of-dilated-cardiomyopathy
untransfected myoblasts) - Proteases & Other Enzymes Pathwaysuntransfected myoblasts) - Proteases & Other Enzymes Pathways
We used myoblasts from DM1 control and sufferers people to research how Smaug suppresses CUG-induced myopathy. We discovered ... untransfected myoblasts). in adults, which is prompted by expansion of the untranslated CUG do it again. To recognize potential ... Activation from the Akt pathway boosts CUGBP1 phosphorylation at Ser-28 changing the changeover from proliferating myoblasts to ... impacting translation of mRNAs necessary for myoblast differentiation. These inactive complexes filled with CUGBP1 accumulate ...
http://healthanddietblog.info/2022/07/02/%EF%BB%BFuntransfected-myoblasts/
Hypoxia-dependent differentiation of myoblasts | WikiPathwaysHypoxia-dependent differentiation of myoblasts | WikiPathways
Li X, Zhu L, Chen X, Fan M. Effects of hypoxia on proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Med Hypotheses. 2007;69(3): ... Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α induces miR-210 in normoxic differentiating myoblasts. J Biol Chem. 2012 Dec 28;287(53):44761-71. ... Hypoxia-dependent differentiation of myoblasts (WP5025). HIF1A modulates myogenic differentiation in hypoxia. Black arrow: ... Inhibitory effects of 17β-estradiol or a resveratrol dimer on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in genioglossus myoblasts: ...
https://new.wikipathways.org/pathways/WP5025.html
Insulin-like growth factor-II is an autocrine survival factor for differentiating myoblasts<...Insulin-like growth factor-II is an autocrine survival factor for differentiating myoblasts<...
Stewart CEH, Rotwein P. Insulin-like growth factor-II is an autocrine survival factor for differentiating myoblasts. Journal of ... Stewart, CEH & Rotwein, P 1996, Insulin-like growth factor-II is an autocrine survival factor for differentiating myoblasts, ... Insulin-like growth factor-II is an autocrine survival factor for differentiating myoblasts. / Stewart, Claire E.H.; Rotwein, ... Insulin-like growth factor-II is an autocrine survival factor for differentiating myoblasts. In: Journal of Biological ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/insulin-like-growth-factor-ii-is-an-autocrine-survival-factor-for-2
C2C12 Transfection Reagent (Mouse Myoblast Cells) | Transfection Reagents | Cell Lines, In Vivo | Altogen BiosystemsC2C12 Transfection Reagent (Mouse Myoblast Cells) | Transfection Reagents | Cell Lines, In Vivo | Altogen Biosystems
The C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line is a muscle tissue cell line that was derived from a subclone of a mouse (Mus musculus) cell ... C2C12 is a muscle tissue cell line, which exhibits myoblast morphology. This cell line acts as a good transfection model, but ... Myocytes are long tubular cells that arise from myoblasts and make up muscle fibers in human beings. Subcloning is the targeted ... especially of mammalian myoblast cells. Owing to its ability for rapid differentiation that can be easily modulated by ...
https://altogen.com/product/c2c12-transfection-reagent-mouse-myoblast-cells/
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Blood Pressure Control, ACE Inhibitors and ARBsDilated Cardiomyopathy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Blood Pressure Control, ACE Inhibitors and ARBs
Myoblast transplantation. Myoblast transplantation involves the injection of skeletal myoblasts as an autograft into damaged ... The Myoblast Autologous Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (MAGIC) trial was the first randomized placebo-controlled trial ... There was also a higher rate of postoperative arrhythmic events in myoblast-treated patients, but there were no differences in ... The Myoblast Autologous Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (MAGIC) trial: first randomized placebo-controlled study of ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152696-treatment
Network Portal - Function regulation of myoblast differentiation
A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop ... regulation of myoblast differentiation. id: GO:0045661. name: regulation of myoblast differentiation. namespace: biological_ ... Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. ...
http://networks.systemsbiology.net/function/GO:0045661/
S-EPMC8698029 - Effect of Actin Alpha Cardiac Muscle 1 on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Bovine Myoblasts and...
In order to study the role of this gene in the process of proliferation and differentiation of bovine myoblasts and ... Flow cytometry results showed that both the knockdown and overexpression of ACTC1 inhibited the normal cell cycle of myoblasts ... After ACTC1 knockdown in bovine myoblasts and inducing differentiation, the sizes and numbers of myotube formation were ... at both the mRNA and protein levels of myoblasts at different differentiation stages (D0, D2, D4, D6 and D8). Conversely, ACTC1 ...
https://www.omicsdi.org/dataset/biostudies/S-EPMC8698029
Frontiers | Tumor Hypoxia Drives Genomic InstabilityFrontiers | Tumor Hypoxia Drives Genomic Instability
2015). Combinations of kinase inhibitors protecting myoblasts against hypoxia. PLoS One 10:e0126718. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone. ... a G2/M checkpoint inhibitory protein kinase identified as one of the five main inhibitors that protected hypoxic myoblasts from ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.626229/full
Functional skeletal muscle model derived from SOD1-mutant ALS patient iPSCs recapitulates hallmarks of disease progression |...Functional skeletal muscle model derived from SOD1-mutant ALS patient iPSCs recapitulates hallmarks of disease progression |...
Although proliferative, SOD1 myoblasts demonstrated delayed and reduced fusion efficiency compared to WT. Additionally, SOD1 ... While WT myoblasts were generally spindle-shaped, the SOD1 myoblasts were a mix of spindle-shaped and flat-like, irregularly ... Myoblast derivation and myogenic characterization. (A) Illustration of the differentiation protocol used in both myoblast and ... Myoblast myogenic characterization. Cultures, during the course of myoblast differentiation, were subjected to flow cytometry ( ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-70510-3?error=cookies_not_supported
Phospho-ablated Id2 is growth suppressive and pro-apoptotic in proliferating myoblasts<...
Phospho-ablated Id2 is growth suppressive and pro-apoptotic in proliferating myoblasts. PloS one. 2009 Jul 17;4(7):e6302. doi: ... Phospho-ablated Id2 is growth suppressive and pro-apoptotic in proliferating myoblasts. In: PloS one. 2009 ; Vol. 4, No. 7. ... Phospho-ablated Id2 is growth suppressive and pro-apoptotic in proliferating myoblasts. / Butler, David C.; Haramizu, Satoshi; ... Dive into the research topics of Phospho-ablated Id2 is growth suppressive and pro-apoptotic in proliferating myoblasts. ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/phospho-ablated-id2-is-growth-suppressive-and-pro-apoptotic-in-pr
Substrate stiffness affects skeletal myoblast differentiation in vitro<...
Substrate stiffness affects skeletal myoblast differentiation in vitro. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 2012 Dec ... Substrate stiffness affects skeletal myoblast differentiation in vitro. In: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 2012 ... Substrate stiffness affects skeletal myoblast differentiation in vitro. Sara Romanazzo*, Giancarlo Forte, Mitsuhiro Ebara, ... Dive into the research topics of Substrate stiffness affects skeletal myoblast differentiation in vitro. Together they form a ...
https://academia.kaust.edu.sa/en/publications/substrate-stiffness-affects-skeletal-myoblast-differentiation-in-
Cell-to-Cell Variability in Deformations Across Compressed Myoblasts | J. Biomech Eng. | ASME Digital CollectionCell-to-Cell Variability in Deformations Across Compressed Myoblasts | J. Biomech Eng. | ASME Digital Collection
Cell-to-Cell Variability in Deformations Across Compressed Myoblasts Noa Slomka, Noa Slomka ... Cell-to-Cell Variability in Tensile Strains Occurring in the Plasma Membrane and Nuclear Surface Area of Compressed Myoblasts ... Slomka , N., and Gefen, A. (September 15, 2011). "Cell-to-Cell Variability in Deformations Across Compressed Myoblasts." ASME. ... of compressed myoblasts, in order to identify resemblance or differences in mechanical performances across the cells. For this ...
https://micronanomanufacturing.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/biomechanical/article-abstract/133/8/081007/399349/Cell-to-Cell-Variability-in-Deformations-Across?searchresult=1
Keap1 redox-dependent regulation of doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress response in cardiac myoblasts<...Keap1 redox-dependent regulation of doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress response in cardiac myoblasts<...
Keap1 redox-dependent regulation of doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress response in cardiac myoblasts. / Nordgren, Kendra K.S. ... Incubation of H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts with DOX resulted in a time- and dose-dependent decrease in non-protein sulfhydryl ... Incubation of H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts with DOX resulted in a time- and dose-dependent decrease in non-protein sulfhydryl ... Incubation of H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts with DOX resulted in a time- and dose-dependent decrease in non-protein sulfhydryl ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/keap1-redox-dependent-regulation-of-doxorubicin-induced-oxidative
Hippo pathway inhibition promotes metabolic adaptability and antioxidant response in myoblasts. | Sci Rep;13(1): 2232, 2023...Hippo pathway inhibition promotes metabolic adaptability and antioxidant response in myoblasts. | Sci Rep;13(1): 2232, 2023...
Hippo pathway inhibition promotes metabolic adaptability and antioxidant response in myoblasts. Liu, Qi; Pan, Su; Li, Pengyang ... We examined metabolic profiles and fuel substrate choices and preferences in C2C12 myoblasts after Hippo pathway inhibition via ...
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-36755041
Heavy ion irradiation induces autophagy in irradiated C2C12 myoblasts and their bystander cells - Fingerprint - Tohoku...
Dive into the research topics of Heavy ion irradiation induces autophagy in irradiated C2C12 myoblasts and their bystander ... Heavy ion irradiation induces autophagy in irradiated C2C12 myoblasts and their bystander cells. ...
https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/heavy-ion-irradiation-induces-autophagy-in-irradiated-c2c12-myobl/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically
Effect of IR Laser on Myoblasts: Prospects of Application for Counteracting Microgravity-Induced Muscle Atrophy - OrthoLazerEffect of IR Laser on Myoblasts: Prospects of Application for Counteracting Microgravity-Induced Muscle Atrophy - OrthoLazer
Effect of IR Laser on Myoblasts: Prospects of Application for Counteracting Microgravity-Induced Muscle Atrophy. ...
https://ortholazer.com/effect-of-ir-laser-on-myoblasts-prospects-of-application-for-counteracting-microgravity-induced-muscle-atrophy/
Vasopressin stimulates phospholipase D, protein synthesis and RNA accretion in L6 myoblasts | Biochemical Society Transactions ...
Vasopressin stimulates phospholipase D, protein synthesis and RNA accretion in L6 myoblasts MICHAEL G. THOMPSON; MICHAEL G. ... protein synthesis and RNA accretion in L6 myoblasts. Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1993; 21 (4): 351S. doi: https://doi.org/ ...
https://port.silverchair.com/biochemsoctrans/article-abstract/21/4/351S/86778/Vasopressin-stimulates-phospholipase-D-protein?redirectedFrom=fulltext
C2C12CellsDifferentiation of myoblastsMyotubesSkeletal myoblastsProliferationMRNAProteinPathwayVitroApoptosisMyogenesisProliferativePathwaysCardiacInducesMyotubeGeneRegenerationActinMRNAsModulatesPurityAbsenceMarkerGrowthExpressionFunctionalHumanTissueSignificantlyHeartEffect
C2C129
  • The C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line is a muscle tissue cell line that was derived from a subclone of a mouse (Mus musculus) cell line. (altogen.com)
  • C2C12 is a muscle tissue cell line, which exhibits myoblast morphology. (altogen.com)
  • Altogen Biosystems provides pre-optimized lipid-based transfection reagent kits, which have demonstrated high transfection efficiency verified by qRT-PCR, for the C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line. (altogen.com)
  • The objective of this study was to determine if the phosphorylation of Id2 at serine 5 alters its cellular localization and its role in apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts. (elsevier.com)
  • We examined metabolic profiles and fuel substrate choices and preferences in C2C12 myoblasts after Hippo pathway inhibition via Salvador knockdown (SAV1 KD). (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we use gene editing in mouse C2C12 myoblasts and show that ZBED6 regulates Igf2 exclusively through its binding site 5'-GGCTCG-3' in intron 1 of Igf2. (scilifelab.se)
  • The C2C12 cell line, a mouse myoblast line, was used here to study the regulatory factors in myogenic differentiation. (ucsd.edu)
  • The specificity of the antibody was verified by overexpressing full length DUOXA1 in 293T cells and by immunostaining performed on main myoblasts in the absence or presence of the antigenic peptide (Additional file 1 Physique S1A-D). The Balaglitazone antibody was also verified using the immortalized C2C12 myoblast cell collection (Additional file 1 Physique S1E). (researchensemble.com)
  • Bone morphogenetic protein-2 converts the differentiation pathway of C2C12 myoblasts into the osteoblast lineage. (bvsalud.org)
Cells17
  • Several of the human myoblasts did not fuse and remained in interstitial space or tightly associated with muscle fibers suggesting that some of them have formed satellite cells. (jci.org)
  • Antigen: myoblast marker (avian) Available to For-Profits: Yes Antigen Species: chicken Hybridoma Cells Available (Non-Profit): Yes Isotype: MIgG. (uiowa.edu)
  • The phase 2 MAGIC trial compared a placebo injection (of medium without active cells) with either a high- or a low-dose injection of myoblasts. (medscape.com)
  • Myocytes are long tubular cells that arise from myoblasts and make up muscle fibers in human beings. (altogen.com)
  • These cells could be used for biomedical research and cell biology, especially of mammalian myoblast cells. (altogen.com)
  • promoted the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes and inhibited the differentiation of bovine myoblasts when the cells were cultured separately. (omicsdi.org)
  • Our goal here was to characterize cell-to-cell variabilities in magnitudes and distribution patterns of localized tensile strains that develop in the plasma membrane (PM) and nuclear surface area (NSA) of compressed myoblasts, in order to identify resemblance or differences in mechanical performances across the cells. (asme.org)
  • The importance of the ZBED6-IGF2 axis for metabolic regulation in mouse myoblast cells. (scilifelab.se)
  • PLF was located in satellite cells and/or myoblasts, which increased in number with continued task performance, supporting our hypothesis that PLF plays a role in muscle repair or regeneration. (cdc.gov)
  • Periostin, on the other hand, was not present in satellite cells and/or myoblasts. (cdc.gov)
  • We observed genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and expression patterns during differentiation of primary human muscle stem cells (myoblasts). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon activation, these cells proliferate and a subpopulation, myoblasts, differentiates and fuses with existing muscle fibers or other differentiating muscle cells [ 3 ], thus contributing to multinucleated muscle fibers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusions This study represents the first to demonstrate the importance of DUOXA1 in skeletal muscle myoblasts and that DUOXA1 overexpression in muscle stem cells induces apoptosis and inhibits differentiation through DUOX1 and ASK1. (researchensemble.com)
  • Results Newly activated satellite cells and main myoblasts express DUOXA1 To determine whether muscle mass satellite cells express DUOXA1 myofibre cultures derived from mouse extensor digitorum muscle mass were examined by immunofluorescent microscopy. (researchensemble.com)
  • Physique 1 Newly activated satellite cells and main myoblasts express DUOXA1. (researchensemble.com)
  • A) Plan of myogenesis indicating common markers for precursor cells (Pax7) myoblast commitment (Myf5 MyoD) early differentiation (myogenin) and late differentiation (Myosin heavy … We were also Balaglitazone interested in knowing whether DUOXA1 expression was managed in main myoblasts that experienced migrated from your parent fibre. (researchensemble.com)
  • Our current studies suggested that the transfer of this single recombinant molecule in proliferating neural stem cells and in myoblasts is sufficient to cause their differentiation into functional neuronal phenotype. (uth.edu)
Differentiation of myoblasts2
  • Li X, Zhu L, Chen X, Fan M. Effects of hypoxia on proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. (wikipathways.org)
  • Remarkably, approximately 3.7 times more methylation changes (147,161 versus 39,572) were observed during differentiation of myoblasts from obese versus non-obese subjects. (biomedcentral.com)
Myotubes4
  • Activation from the Akt pathway boosts CUGBP1 phosphorylation at Ser-28 changing the changeover from proliferating myoblasts to differentiated myotubes in DM1 [27]. (healthanddietblog.info)
  • A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. (systemsbiology.net)
  • However, it is possible that novel myogenic factors that regulate differentiation of human myoblasts into myotubes, and consequently muscle cell function, can be discovered. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunostaining performed on proliferative myoblast (MB) and differentiated myotube (MT) samples suggest that DUOXA1 is present in the nucleus and cytoplasm of dividing myoblasts and restricted to the cytoplasm of fused myotubes (Physique? (researchensemble.com)
Skeletal myoblasts2
  • Recent studies indicate that insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) acts as an autocrine differentiation factor for skeletal myoblasts in culture. (elsevier.com)
  • Skeletal myoblasts undergo a well-characterized sequence of morphological and transcriptional changes during differentiation. (bioconductor.org)
Proliferation5
  • Effect of Actin Alpha Cardiac Muscle 1 on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Bovine Myoblasts and Preadipocytes. (omicsdi.org)
  • In order to study the role of this gene in the process of proliferation and differentiation of bovine myoblasts and preadipocytes, the methods of the knockdown, overexpression, and ectopic expression of ACTC1 were used in this study. (omicsdi.org)
  • This study is the first to explore the role of ACTC1 in bovine myogenesis and lipogenesis and demonstrates that ACTC1 promotes the differentiation of bovine myoblasts and preadipocytes, affecting the proliferation of myoblasts. (omicsdi.org)
  • These results imply that reducing unphosphorylated Id2 may improve the pool of myoblasts available for differentiation by increasing proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. (elsevier.com)
  • In this study, cross-linked poly-caprolactone membranes having similar chemical composition and controlled stiffness in a supra-physiological range were challenged with two sources of myoblasts to evaluate the suitability of substrates with different stiffness for cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. (edu.sa)
MRNA3
  • SMAD4A) amounts revert the unusual deposition of CUGBP1 in myoblasts nuclei and restore regular translation of at least one mRNA controlled by CUGBP1 in the cytoplasm. (healthanddietblog.info)
  • 0.01) at both the mRNA and protein levels of myoblasts at different differentiation stages (D0, D2, D4, D6 and D8). (omicsdi.org)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Polypeptide pattern of mRNA isolated from polysomal and non-polysomal mRNA-protein(mRNP) fractions in rat myoblast. (who.int)
Protein4
  • By using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) in immortalized human myoblasts expressing the pH-sensitive fluorescent protein (pHluorin) fused to the insulin-responsive aminopeptidase IRAP as reporter of the GLUT4 vesicle-trafficking, we measured single pHluorin signals to investigate how p.A618T and p.S619L mutations influence exocytosis. (biorxiv.org)
  • In this study, we successfully established a co-culture system of bovine preadipocytes and myoblasts to explore the effect of exogenous addition of Neudesin neurotrophic factor (NENF) recombinant protein on the differentiation of adipocytes and myoblasts in co-culture. (omicsdi.org)
  • After adding NENF recombinant protein to the co-culture system, the accumulation of lipid droplets in bovine preadipocytes decreased, but the differentiation of bovine myoblasts did not change significantly. (omicsdi.org)
  • Incubation of H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts with DOX resulted in a time- and dose-dependent decrease in non-protein sulfhydryl groups. (umn.edu)
Pathway2
  • Hippo pathway inhibition promotes metabolic adaptability and antioxidant response in myoblasts. (bvsalud.org)
  • Quantitative proteomics revealed an activation of Ras signaling pathway in both Zbed6-/- and Igf2ΔGGCT myoblasts, and a significant enrichment of mitochondrial membrane proteins among proteins showing altered expression in Zbed6-/- myoblasts. (scilifelab.se)
Vitro1
  • Our results define a novel system for studying apoptotic cell death and its prevention by growth factors, underscore the importance of IGF action in minimizing inappropriate cell death, and indicate that shared signal transduction pathways may mediate myoblast survival in vitro. (elsevier.com)
Apoptosis1
  • In contrast, ZBED6-overexpression in myoblasts led to cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, reduced mitochondrial activities, and ceased myoblast differentiation. (scilifelab.se)
Myogenesis3
  • Neudesin Neurotrophic Factor Promotes Bovine Preadipocyte Differentiation and Inhibits Myoblast Myogenesis. (omicsdi.org)
  • In short, the knockdown of NENF inhibited preadipocyte differentiation and promoted myoblast myogenesis. (omicsdi.org)
  • The similarities in growth and differentiation phenotypes observed in Zbed6-/- and Igf2ΔGGCT myoblasts demonstrates that ZBED6 affects mitochondrial activity and myogenesis largely through its regulation of IGF2 expression. (scilifelab.se)
Proliferative1
  • Although proliferative, SOD1 myoblasts demonstrated delayed and reduced fusion efficiency compared to WT. (nature.com)
Pathways1
  • Li Y, Liu Y, Lu Y, Zhao B. Inhibitory effects of 17β-estradiol or a resveratrol dimer on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in genioglossus myoblasts: Involvement of ERα and its downstream p38 MAPK pathways. (wikipathways.org)
Cardiac3
  • Chicago, IL - The Myoblast Autologous Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (MAGIC) trial failed to reach its primary efficacy end point of improving local or global cardiac contractility in patients with ischemic heart failure, but study investigators believe safety results and secondary outcomes of the study are still "encouraging" [ 1 ] . (medscape.com)
  • Actin Alpha Cardiac Muscle 1 (ACTC1) gene is a differentially expressed gene screened through the co-culture system of myoblasts-preadipocytes. (omicsdi.org)
  • Nordgren, KKS & Wallace, KB 2014, ' Keap1 redox-dependent regulation of doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress response in cardiac myoblasts ', Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology , vol. 274, no. 1, pp. 107-116. (umn.edu)
Induces1
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α induces miR-210 in normoxic differentiating myoblasts. (wikipathways.org)
Myotube1
  • Both Zbed6-/- and Igf2ΔGGCT myoblasts showed a faster growth rate and developed myotube hypertrophy. (scilifelab.se)
Gene3
  • Mutations of emerin gene cause the Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, a neuromuscular disorder also linked to mutations of lamin A/C. In this paper, we analyze the interaction between emerin and actin in differentiating mouse myoblasts. (elsevier.com)
  • To explore the roles of NENF in bovine myoblast and preadipocyte differentiation, small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the NENF gene were transfected into bovine preadipocytes and myoblasts to knock down the expression of the NENF gene. (omicsdi.org)
  • Functional follow-up experiments were performed using siRNA mediated gene silencing in primary human myoblasts and a transgenic mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
Regeneration3
  • High efficiency of muscle regeneration after human myoblast clone transplantation in SCID mice. (jci.org)
  • SCID mouse tibialis anterior muscles were first irradiated to prevent regeneration by host myoblasts and injected with notexin to damage the muscle fibers and trigger regeneration. (jci.org)
  • These results establish that in absence of an immune reaction, transplanted human myoblasts participate to the muscle regeneration with a high degree of efficacy even if the animals were killed only 1 mo after the transplantation. (jci.org)
Actin2
  • A serine-threonine phosphatase activity markedly increases emerin-actin binding even in cycling myoblasts. (elsevier.com)
  • This study shows that myoblasts differentially segregate the beta and gamma actin mRNAs. (rupress.org)
MRNAs1
  • E-7050 (Golvatinib) This makes higher degrees of unphosphorylated CUGBP1, which forms inactive complexes with eIF2 (CUGBP1-eIF2) impacting translation of mRNAs necessary for myoblast differentiation. (healthanddietblog.info)
Modulates1
  • Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. (systemsbiology.net)
Purity1
  • Main myoblasts were derived from myofibre cultures and culture purity was decided to be? (researchensemble.com)
Absence1
  • The polypeptides synthesized from unbound(free) fraction appeared to be significantly reduced in the absence of cycloheximide in L6 myoblast. (who.int)
Marker1
Growth1
  • Stewart, CEH & Rotwein, P 1996, ' Insulin-like growth factor-II is an autocrine survival factor for differentiating myoblasts ', Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 271, no. 19, pp. 11330-11338. (elsevier.com)
Expression2
  • Expression of the troponin complex genes: transcriptional coactivation during myoblast differentiation and independent control in heart and skeletal muscles. (umassmed.edu)
  • We used Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip Kit (Illumina) and HumanHT-12 Expression BeadChip (Illumina) to analyze genome-wide DNA methylation and transcription before versus after differentiation of primary human myoblasts from 14 non-obese and 14 obese individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional1
  • Hence, the aim of this study was to clarify the functional roles of NENF in bovine preadipocytes and myoblasts. (omicsdi.org)
Human4
  • The muscles were then injected with roughly 5 million human myoblasts. (jci.org)
  • The same pool of clones of human myoblasts produced only (jci.org)
  • Moreover, cultures of 98% pure human myoblasts were obtained from transplanted SCID muscles. (jci.org)
  • In this experiment, primary human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMM) were expanded under high mitogen conditions (GM) and then differentiated by switching to low-mitogen media (DM). (bioconductor.org)
Tissue1
  • Bioheart MyoCell (immature myoblasts) are the only cell type known to be able to form new contractile muscle in the depths of heart scar tissue. (leonhardtventures.com)
Significantly1
  • In our previous study, NENF was significantly inhibited in the bovine adipocytes-myoblasts co-culture system. (omicsdi.org)
Heart1
  • In cases of severe acute heart failure, emergency medical services (EMS) personnel may initiate treatment with oxygen, nitrates, and furosemide en route to the hospital. (medscape.com)
Effect1
  • Effect of Neudesin Neurotrophic Factor on Differentiation of Bovine Preadipocytes and Myoblasts in a Co-Culture System. (omicsdi.org)