Myogenin: A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Myogenin is induced during differentiation of every skeletal muscle cell line that has been investigated, in contrast to the other myogenic regulatory factors that only appear in certain cell types.Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5: A SKELETAL MUSCLE-specific transcription factor that contains a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF. It plays an essential role in MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT.MyoD Protein: A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Though it is not clear how its function differs from the other myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD appears to be related to fusion and terminal differentiation of the muscle cell.Myogenic Regulatory Factors: A family of muscle-specific transcription factors which bind to DNA in control regions and thus regulate myogenesis. All members of this family contain a conserved helix-loop-helix motif which is homologous to the myc family proteins. These factors are only found in skeletal muscle. Members include the myoD protein (MYOD PROTEIN); MYOGENIN; myf-5, and myf-6 (also called MRF4 or herculin).Muscle Development: Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage.Muscle Proteins: The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Myoblasts: Embryonic (precursor) cells of the myogenic lineage that develop from the MESODERM. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL; MYOCYTES, CARDIAC; MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE).Muscles: Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle: Elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblasts lying in close contact with adult skeletal muscle. They are thought to play a role in muscle repair and regeneration.Myoblasts, Skeletal: Precursor cells destined to differentiate into skeletal myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL).Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs: Recurring supersecondary structures characterized by 20 amino acids folding into two alpha helices connected by a non-helical "loop" segment. They are found in many sequence-specific DNA-BINDING PROTEINS and in CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS.Somites: Paired, segmented masses of MESENCHYME located on either side of the developing spinal cord (neural tube). Somites derive from PARAXIAL MESODERM and continue to increase in number during ORGANOGENESIS. Somites give rise to SKELETON (sclerotome); MUSCLES (myotome); and DERMIS (dermatome).MEF2 Transcription Factors: Activating transcription factors of the MADS family which bind a specific sequence element (MEF2 element) in many muscle-specific genes and are involved in skeletal and cardiac myogenesis, neuronal differentiation and survival/apoptosis.PAX7 Transcription Factor: A paired box transcription factor that is involved in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and SKELETAL MUSCLE.Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal: A form of RHABDOMYOSARCOMA arising primarily in the head and neck, especially the orbit, of children below the age of 10. The cells are smaller than those of other rhabdomyosarcomas and are of two basic cell types: spindle cells and round cells. This cancer is highly sensitive to chemotherapy and has a high cure rate with multi-modality therapy. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2188)Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein: A transcription factor that takes part in WNT signaling pathway where it may play a role in the differentiation of KERATINOCYTES. The transcriptional activity of this protein is regulated via its interaction with BETA CATENIN.Trans-Activators: Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.DNA-Binding Proteins: Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.Rhabdomyosarcoma: A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)Muscle Fibers, Skeletal: Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.Desmin: An intermediate filament protein found predominantly in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. Localized at the Z line. MW 50,000 to 55,000 is species dependent.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Muscle Denervation: The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue.Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar: A form of RHABDOMYOSARCOMA occurring mainly in adolescents and young adults, affecting muscles of the extremities, trunk, orbital region, etc. It is extremely malignant, metastasizing widely at an early stage. Few cures have been achieved and the prognosis is poor. "Alveolar" refers to its microscopic appearance simulating the cells of the respiratory alveolus. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2188)Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Paired Box Transcription Factors: A family of transcription factors that control EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT within a variety of cell lineages. They are characterized by a highly conserved paired DNA-binding domain that was first identified in DROSOPHILA segmentation genes.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Myosin Heavy Chains: The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1: A negative regulator of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that blocks activation of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P16 and is de-regulated in a variety of NEOPLASMS.Regeneration: The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.Creatine Kinase, MM Form: An isoenzyme of creatine kinase found in the MUSCLE.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.TCF Transcription Factors: A family of DNA-binding proteins that are primarily expressed in T-LYMPHOCYTES. They interact with BETA CATENIN and serve as transcriptional activators and repressors in a variety of developmental processes.Promoter Regions, Genetic: DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.Muscle Cells: Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (MUSCLE FIBERS, SKELETAL), cardiac (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC), and smooth (MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called MYOBLASTS.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Myostatin: A growth differentiation factor that is a potent inhibitor of SKELETAL MUSCLE growth. It may play a role in the regulation of MYOGENESIS and in muscle maintenance during adulthood.Transcription, Genetic: The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.Enhancer Elements, Genetic: Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.Ribs: A set of twelve curved bones which connect to the vertebral column posteriorly, and terminate anteriorly as costal cartilage. Together, they form a protective cage around the internal thoracic organs.Creatine Kinase: A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Giant Cells: Multinucleated masses produced by the fusion of many cells; often associated with viral infections. In AIDS, they are induced when the envelope glycoprotein of the HIV virus binds to the CD4 antigen of uninfected neighboring T4 cells. The resulting syncytium leads to cell death and thus may account for the cytopathic effect of the virus.Genomics: The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing: Techniques of nucleotide sequence analysis that increase the range, complexity, sensitivity, and accuracy of results by greatly increasing the scale of operations and thus the number of nucleotides, and the number of copies of each nucleotide sequenced. The sequencing may be done by analysis of the synthesis or ligation products, hybridization to preexisting sequences, etc.Epigenomics: The systematic study of the global gene expression changes due to EPIGENETIC PROCESSES and not due to DNA base sequence changes.Access to Information: Individual's rights to obtain and use information collected or generated by others.Journal Impact Factor: A quantitative measure of the frequency on average with which articles in a journal have been cited in a given period of time.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.
MyogenesisMyoD and Myf5 enable the differentiation of myogenic progenitors into myoblasts, followed by myogenin, which differentiates the ... Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs): MyoD, Myf5, Myf6 and Myogenin. There are a number of stages (listed below) of muscle ... Meanwhile, Myf5 expression is regulated by Sonic hedgehog, Wnt1, and MyoD itself. By noting the role of MyoD in regulating Myf5 ... Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 are critical to its formation. ...
MRF family members include MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 (Myf6). MyoD is one of the earliest markers of myogenic commitment. ... This is likely due to functional redundancy from Myf5 and/or Mrf4. Nevertheless, the combination of MyoD and Myf5 is vital to ... Wnts are known to active the expression of Myf5 and MyoD by Wnt1 and Wnt7a. Wnt4, Wnt5, and Wnt6 function to increase the ... "MyoD or Myf-5 is required for the formation of skeletal muscle". Cell. 75 (7): 1351-1359. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90621-V. ...
Differentiation is regulated by myogenic regulatory factors, including MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4. GATA4 and GATA6 also ...
Other members in this family include myogenin, Myf5, Myf6, Mist1, and Nex-1. When MyoD binds to the E-box motif CANNTG, muscle ... Ramamoorthy, S; Donohue, M; Buck, M. (2009). "Decreased Jun-D and myogenin expression in muscle wasting of human cachexia". Am ... MyoG-E-Box binding is necessary for neuromuscular synapse formation as an HDAC-Dach2-myogenin signaling pathway in skeletal ... Dach2-myogenin signal transduction cascade". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103 (45): 16977-16982. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10316977T. doi: ...
... (MRF) are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that regulate myogenesis: MyoD, Myf5 ... myogenin, and MRF4. These proteins contain a conserved basic DNA binding domain that binds the E box DNA motif. They dimerize ...
The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins, including myoD (MIM 159970), myogenin (MIM 159980), MYF5 (MIM 159990), and MRF4 ( ... Funk WD, Wright WE (1992). "Cyclic amplification and selection of targets for multicomponent complexes: myogenin interacts with ...
Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4 remains to be determined. There is some research indicating that satellite cells are negatively ... CD34 and Myf5 markers specifically define the majority of quiescent satellite cells. Activated satellite cells prove ... myogenin, and MRF4 - all responsible for the induction of myocyte-specific genes. HGF testing is also used to identify active ... "Expression of CD34 and Myf5 defines the majority of quiescent adult skeletal muscle satellite cells". J Cell Biol. 151: 1221-34 ...
... is a member of the MyoD family of transcription factors, which also includes MyoD, Myf5, and Mrf4. In mice, myogenin ... In cell culture, myogenin can induce myogenesis in a variety of non-muscle cell types. Myogenin has been shown to interact with ... Myogenin (myogenic factor 4), also known as MYOG, is a gene. Myogenin is a muscle-specific basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) ... Myogenin is required for the proper differentiation of most myogenic precursor cells during the process of myogenesis. When the ...
MRF family members include Myf5, MyoD (Myf3), myogenin, and MRF4 (Myf6). This transcription factor is the earliest of all MRFs ... In fact, if Myf5 is not downregulated, differentiation does not occur. The regulation of Myf5 is dictated by a large number of ... Myf5 also has an indirect role controlling proximal rib development. Although Myf5 knockouts have normal skeletal muscle, they ... Haldar M, Karan G, Tvrdik P, Capecchi MR (March 2008). "Two cell lineages, myf5 and myf5-independent, participate in mouse ...
The MYF-6 gene is physically linked to the MYF-5 gene on chromosome 12, and mutations in the MYF-6 gene typically exhibit ... While this demonstrates that MYF-6 might not be essential for the formation of myofibers, it is thought that myogenin ... Initially, MYF-6 is transiently expressed along with MYF-5 in the somites during the early stages of myogenesis. However, it is ... MYF5, MYF6) gene cluster to 12q21 by in situ hybridization and physical mapping of the locus between D12S350 and D12S106". ...
Homeobox protein Hox-D8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD8 gene.[5][6][7] This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located in a cluster on chromosome 2. Deletions that remove the entire HOXD gene cluster or the 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. In addition to effects during embryogenesis, this particular gene may also play a role in adult urogenital tract function.[7] ...
HNF-3G is a member of the forkheadclass of DNA-binding proteins. These hepatocyte nuclear factors are transcriptional activators for liver-specific transcripts such as albumin and transthyretin, and they also interact with chromatin. Similar family members in mice have roles in the regulation of metabolism and in the differentiation of the pancreas and liver.[5] ...
Animal cells maintain proper levels of intracellular lipids (fats and oils) under widely varying circumstances (lipid homeostasis).[6][7][8] For example, when cellular cholesterol levels fall below the level needed, the cell makes more of the enzymes necessary to make cholesterol. A principle step in this response is to make more of the mRNA transcripts that direct the synthesis of these enzymes. Conversely, when there is enough cholesterol around, the cell stops making those mRNAs and the level of the enzymes falls. As a result, the cell quits making cholesterol once it has enough.. A notable feature of this regulatory feedback machinery was first observed for the SREBP pathway - regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Subsequently, RIP was found to be used in almost all organisms from bacteria to human beings and regulates a wide range of processes ranging from development to neurodegeneration.. A feature of the SREBP pathway is the proteolytic release of a membrane-bound transcription ...
FXR is expressed at high levels in the liver and intestine. Chenodeoxycholic acid and other bile acids are natural ligands for FXR. Similar to other nuclear receptors, when activated, FXR translocates to the cell nucleus, forms a dimer (in this case a heterodimer with RXR) and binds to hormone response elements on DNA, which up- or down-regulates the expression of certain genes.[6] One of the primary functions of FXR activation is the suppression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis from cholesterol. FXR does not directly bind to the CYP7A1 promoter. Rather, FXR induces expression of small heterodimer partner (SHP), which then functions to inhibit transcription of the CYP7A1 gene. In this way, a negative feedback pathway is established in which synthesis of bile acids is inhibited when cellular levels are already high. FXR has also been found to be important in regulation of hepatic triglyceride levels.[7] Studies have also shown the FXR to ...
... was first described as a transcription factor that activates the hemoglobin B gene in the red blood cell precursors of chickens.[30] Subsequent studies in mice and isolated human cells found that GATA1 stimulates the expression of genes that promote the maturation of precursor cells (e.g. erythroblasts) to red blood cells while silencing genes that cause these precursors to proliferate and thereby to self-renew.[31][32] GATA1 stimulates this maturation by, for example, inducing the expression of genes in erythroid cells that contribute to the formation of their cytoskeleton and that make enzymes necessary for the biosynthesis of hemoglobins and heme, the oxygen-carrying components of red blood cells. GATA1-inactivating mutations may thereby result in a failure to produce sufficient numbers of and/or fully functional red blood cells.[5] Also based on mouse and isolated human cell studies, GATA1 appears to play a similarly critical role in the maturation of platelets from their precursor ...
MYB factors represent a family of proteins that include the conserved MYB DNA-binding domain. Plants contain a MYB-protein subfamily that is characterised by the R2R3-type MYB domain.[8] In maize, phlobaphenes are synthesized in the flavonoids synthetic pathway[9] from polymerisation of flavan-4-ols[10][11] which encodes an R2R3 myb-like transcriptional activator[12] of the A1 gene encoding for the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (reducing dihydroflavonols into flavan-4-ols)[13] while another gene (Suppressor of Pericarp Pigmentation 1 or SPP1) acts as a suppressor.[14] The maize P gene encodes a Myb homolog that recognizes the sequence CCT/AACC, in sharp contrast with the C/TAACGG bound by vertebrate Myb proteins.[15] In sorghum, the corresponding yellow seed 1 gene (y1)[16] also encodes a R2R3 type of Myb domain protein that regulates the expression of chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase and dihydroflavonol reductase genes required for the biosynthesis of 3-deoxyflavonoids.[17] Ruby is a MYB ...
Forkhead box protein A2 is a member of the forkhead class of DNA-binding proteins. These hepatocyte nuclear factors are transcriptional activators for liver-specific genes such as albumin and transthyretin, and they also interact with chromatin. Similar family members in mice have roles in the regulation of metabolism and in the differentiation of the pancreas and liver. This gene has been linked to sporadic cases of maturity onset diabetes of the young. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene.[5] ...
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. This gene product is one of two closely related family members, the HAND proteins Hand1 and Hand2, which are asymmetrically expressed in the developing ventricular chambers and play an essential role in cardiac morphogenesis. Working in a complementary fashion, they function in the formation of the right ventricle and aortic arch arteries, implicating them as mediators of congenital heart disease. In addition, this transcription factor plays an important role in limb and branchial arch development.[6] In one study, it was found that a missense mutation of the Hand2 protein in patients with the congenital heart disease (CHD) Tetralogy of Fallot experienced significantly decreased Hand2 interactions with other key developmental genes such as GATA4 and NKX2.5.[7] Hand2 mutations have the potential to be genes for the future study of right ventricle stenosis and its pathogenesis.[8] In avian ...
Aster JC, Robertson ES, Hasserjian RP, Turner JR, Kieff E, Sklar J (Apr 1997). "Oncogenic forms of NOTCH1 lacking either the primary binding site for RBP-Jkappa or nuclear localization sequences retain the ability to associate with RBP-Jkappa and activate transcription". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (17): 11336-43. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.17.11336. PMID 9111040 ...
Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S (Jan 2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Research. 16 (1): 55-65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560 ...
... is the earliest marker of the intermediate mesoderm, which will form the gonads and kidneys. This expression is not essential for the formation of intermediate mesoderm but for the differentiation towards renal and gonadal structures.[14][15] Osr1 acts upstream of and causes expression of the transcription factors Lhx1, Pax2 and Wt1 which are involved in early urogenital development.[14] In normal kidney development, activation of the Pax2-Eya1-Hox11 complex and subsequent activation of Six2 and Gdnf expression allows for branching of the ureteric bud and maintenance of the nephron-forming cap mesenchyme.[16] Six2 maintains the self-renewing state of the cap mesenchyme.[17] and Gdnf, via the Gdnf-Ret signalling pathway, is required for attraction and branching of the growing ureteric bud.[18] Within the developing kidney, Osr1 expressing cells will become mesangial cells, pericytes, ureteric smooth muscle and the kidney capsule. The cell types that Osr1 expressing cells will differentiate ...
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) family, members of which are transcriptional regulators that contain a helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain but not a basic domain. Members of the ID family inhibit the functions of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors in a dominant-negative manner by suppressing their heterodimerization partners through the HLH domains. This protein may play a role in negatively regulating cell differentiation. A pseudogene has been identified for this gene.[6] A research published by "Nature" in 01/2016, authored by Italian researchers Antonio Iavarone and Anna Lasorella, from Columbia University, states that ID2 protein has a relevant role in the development and resistance to therapies of glioblastoma, the most aggressive of brain cancers.[7] ...
Consisting of about 110 amino acids, the domain in winged-helix transcription factors (see Regulation of gene expression) has four helices and a two-strand beta-sheet. These proteins are classified into 19 families called FoxA-FoxS. Mutations in FoxP proteins are implicated in human autoimmune diseases. ...
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (Oct 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514 ...
Homeobox protein Hox-C11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC11 gene.[5][6][7] This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. The product of this gene binds to a promoter element of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase. It also m ay play a role in early intestinal development. An alternatively spliced variant encoding a shorter isoform has been described but its full-length nature has not been determined.[7] ...
Myogenin, MYF5, MYF6) • Neurogenini (1, 2, 3) • NeuroD (1, 2) • NPAS (1, 2, 3) • OLIG (1, 2) • Pho4 • Scleraxis • TAL (1, 2) • ...
MyoD and Myf5 enable the differentiation of myogenic progenitors into myoblasts, followed by myogenin, which differentiates the ... Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs): MyoD, Myf5, Myf6 and Myogenin. There are a number of stages (listed below) of muscle ... Meanwhile, Myf5 expression is regulated by Sonic hedgehog, Wnt1, and MyoD itself. By noting the role of MyoD in regulating Myf5 ... Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 are critical to its formation. ...
Does skeletal muscle have an 'epi'-memory? The role of epigenetics in nutritional programming, metabolic disease, aging and...... myf5; myoD; myoblast; myocyte; myogenesis; myogenic regulatory factor; myogenin; myostatin; nutritional programming; obesity; ...
MRF family members include MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 (Myf6). MyoD is one of the earliest markers of myogenic commitment. ... This is likely due to functional redundancy from Myf5 and/or Mrf4. Nevertheless, the combination of MyoD and Myf5 is vital to ... Wnts are known to active the expression of Myf5 and MyoD by Wnt1 and Wnt7a. Wnt4, Wnt5, and Wnt6 function to increase the ... "MyoD or Myf-5 is required for the formation of skeletal muscle". Cell. 75 (7): 1351-1359. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90621-V. ...
Tackling Skeletal Muscle Cells Epigenome in the Next-Generation Sequencing EraMyf5, MRF4, and myogenin [3]. Myogenesis is a multistep process, which restricts cell fate and commits cells to become skeletal ... Myf5, Myogenin, Mef2, SRF). A comprehensive description of their transcription targets and regulatory elements will define how ... the WDR5/Ash2L/MLL2 complex is engaged to the chromatin of Myf5 and myogenin genes by Pax7 and Mef2D, respectively, to ... M. Maroto, R. Reshef, A. E. Münsterberg, S. Koester, M. Goulding, and A. B. Lassar, "Ectopic Pax-3 activates MyoD and Myf-5 ...
KEGG BRITE: KEGG Orthology (KO) - Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda)100482024 MYOG; myogenin 100483248 MYF5; myogenic factor 5 100483494 MYF6; myogenic factor 6 100467219 FIGLA; factor in the ... myogenin) K18484 MYF5; myogenic factor 5 K18485 MYF6; myogenic factor 6 K09066 FIGLA; factor in the germline alpha K09067 ASCL ...
A. Rawls, J. Morris, M. Rudnicki et al., "Myogenins functions do not overlap with those of MyoD or Myf-5 during mouse ... M. Valdez, J. Richardson, W. Klein, and E. Olson, "Failure of Myf5 to support myogenic differentiation without Myogenin, MyoD, ... Myogenic Differentiation from MYOGENIN-Mutated Human iPS Cells by CRISPR/Cas9. Koki Higashioka,1,2 Noriko Koizumi,2 Hidetoshi ... L. Kassar-Duchossoy, B. Gayraud-Morel, D. Gomes et al., "Mrf4 determines skeletal muscle identity in Myf5: Myod double-mutant ...
Analysis of myostatin gene structure, expression and function in zebrafish | Journal of Experimental Biology... myogenin and Myf-5 in transgenic fish embryos by in situ hybridization. There was no significant change in MyoD, myogenin or ... Similarly, Myf5 and myogenin were amplified with their specific primers that generated a 482 bp and 319 bp fragment, ... Expression of MyoD, Myf5 and myogenin mRNAs was analyzed by real-time PCR in transgenic and non-transgenic fish at 2, 7, 45 and ... Profile of real-time PCR showing MyoD, Myf-5, myogenin (Myog) and Ef-1α expression in transgenic (MSTN) fish and non-transgenic ...
JCI -
P311 induces a TGF-β1-independent, nonfibrogenic myofibroblast phenotype... myogenin, sense: 5′-CAATACACAAAGCACTGGAA-3′, antisense: 5′-TCTGAGGAGAGAAAGATGGA-3′; myf5, sense: 5′-GAACCCATTATTGCAAATGT-3′, ... It is noteworthy that it has been demonstrated that cell proliferation downregulates myf5 (41, 42) without affecting other ... In both cell lines P311 stimulated synthesis of SM and STM-related transcription factors with the exception of myf5, which was ... Rabbit polyclonal Abs against myogenin, MEF2, myoD, SRF, TGF-β1, TGF-βR1, and TGF-βR2 were purchased from Santa Cruz ...
![Myogenin Antibody (MGN185 + F5D) [PerCP] (NBP2-34684PCP): Novus Biologicals](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAkBJREFUOI2lks1LVFEYxn/n3LnXZgxTESehSCuJkZCKpEKTDKIiSHFjrYIimkXLQOw/6B+IQRd9LGoWkS0qMYoiAiMXDhGklWFmEVo6wmgz9+OcFvde75DteuHAOe95n+d93ucc+M8Qa7uM7iD34B72SjWeJ0ls+hmvsFyhtSBR/+304f2XBpp5u+wiAN2ZEhogFoBNoIff+SQaqpLbprqPdj0+WIOUYCmgoYIzBZcTgAHYL9/rp50pkYsF/SUQB8BRnD/e9fyI+tQzNzXb5Gq/4KvWfNGR9PqGrZ+BHSGBChagqbcoeQXHdLwyxF+x8GOuKRrB98IM8FgGr5ubU6N1TakOAYYGXSFQcYNFIJF7l7u8lF+qKye4jnItAEzJ0EecK+1iBBgJOw6+0RtvT9PvFVda0q17hmrIXQxnh4n73Wjlv4gUTC0G+bIYmKD91cMbV8eeZHvvzGLZ0ixGCqThImQ0cGI9wS+PamJCoiQLNptLwrYiBTLmIGPzAZkDLK5zTYYmg2kgtNYiUuAWE0Cc7Yeekdw1CUyS0VVBvSItCoAb2r1so3bu3ncrIigVahi/e462s1lAYK9eQ3kSrQQxyyWjRwmfWQgml1k52Sr6IwKNwC1VMnbzwjrpABuqjrG3d3jtLFBnHmkre0rYvgcNLeP/BIZRWTsPFMoyIjtNmQeNbX00th3A/84uUAfUBsU2IPnwoq+MoIjlj+QTpMUMMLN2ndEtzOUGyX/fgpAKz7FYzScxzBJWZR4YJi0cgD+8+sxLIQV1swAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
Myogenin Antibody (MGN185 + F5D) [PerCP] (NBP2-34684PCP): Novus BiologicalsMouse Monoclonal Anti-Myogenin Antibody (MGN185 + F5D) [PerCP]. Skeletal Muscle Marker. Validated: WB. Tested Reactivity: Human ... Myf-5, and MRF4 (also known as herculinor Myf-6). MyoD family members are expressed exclusively in skeletal muscle and play a ... Myogenin Antibody (MGN185 + F5D) [PerCP] Summary. Immunogen. Human myogenin recombinant protein (MGN185); Rat myogenin ... Reviews for Myogenin Antibody (NBP2-34684PCP) (0) There are no reviews for Myogenin Antibody (NBP2-34684PCP). By submitting a ...
Mouse Monoclonal Anti-Myogenin Antibody (MGN185) [Alexa Fluor® 647]. Skeletal Muscle Marker. Validated: WB, ELISA, Flow, ICC/IF ... Myf-5, and MRF4 (also known as herculinor Myf-6). MyoD family members are expressed exclusively in skeletal muscle and play a ... Blogs on Myogenin. There are no specific blogs for Myogenin, but you can read our latest blog posts. ... Reviews for Myogenin Antibody (NBP2-33056AF647) (0) There are no reviews for Myogenin Antibody (NBP2-33056AF647). By submitting ...
MuscleDevelopment | MITOWIKI | FoswikiIn mice, myf5 is expressed as one of the earliest SKM-specific gene detectable. Myogenin assoc. with myoblast fusion and ... MyoD, myogenin, myf5, MRF4/herculin. Genes that code for basic helix-loop-helix (HL) family of transcriptional activators that ...
Cell-autonomous Notch activity maintains the temporal specification potential of skeletal muscle stem cells | DevelopmentMyf5, Mrf4 (also known as Myf6) and Myod, and, subsequently, the differentiation gene myogenin (Myog) (Rudnicki et al., 1993; ... Myf5Cre/+:R26Rstop-NICD-nGFP/+), Rbpj-/- (Myf5Cre/+:Rbpjflox/-:R26RmT-mG/+) and NICD:Rbpj-/- (Myf5Cre/+:R26Rstop-NICD-nGFP/+: ... Myf5Cre/+:R26Rstop-NICD-nGFP/+ embryos (hereafter Myf5Cre-NICD) were highly oedemic (Fig. 2A; starting at E16.5), lacked ... B) Anti-Pparγ nuclear staining of E18.5 control (Myf5Cre/+:R26RmT-mG/+) and Myf5Cre-NICD at the forelimb level. Note the ...
GATA factor transgenes under GATA-1 locus control rescue germline GATA-1 mutant deficiencies | Blood JournalKnock-in experiments in the mouse have shown that myogenin can replace Myf5 in rib cage development and that En-2 can replace ... Functional redundancy of the muscle-specific transcription factors Myf5 and myogenin. Nature. 1996;379:823-825. ...
They are MyoD, myogenin, myf-5 and MRF4/herculin. Upon transfection into many types of non-muscle cells, each of these has the ... Jeong Yoon is studying this problem with special attention to MRF4 and myf5. Studies of other regulators that appear important ...
Glucocorticoid receptorATOH1 • AhR • AHRR • ARNT • ASCL1 • BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) • CLOCK • HIF (1A, 3A) • Myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, ... MYF5, MYF6) • NEUROD1 • Twist • USF1. (1.3) bHLH-ZIP. Myc • MITF • SREBP (1, 2). ...
ATOH1 • AhR • AHRR • ARNT • ASCL1 • BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) • CLOCK • HIF (1A, 3A) • Myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, ... MYF5, MYF6) • NEUROD1 • Twist • USF1. (1.3) bHLH-ZIP. Myc • MITF • SREBP (1, 2). ...
JAK1-STAT1-STAT3, a key pathway promoting proliferation and preventing premature differentiation of myoblasts | JCBMRFs consist of Myf5, MyoD, MRF4, and myogenin. MRFs normally heterodimerize with gene E2A products (i.e., E12/E47) and bind to ... or JAK1 already led to a reduced expression of myogenin, cells overexpressing both further repressed myogenin expression (Fig. ... 5 D). Furthermore, we found that the repression of myogenin and MHC mediated by the overexpression of JAK1 could be rescued by ... 1 C). In contrast, the siRNAs against STAT3 and other STATs inhibited myogenin expression (Fig. 5 B and unpublished data). ...
Obesity Impairs Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Through Inhibition of AMPK | DiabetesE: Pax7, Myf5, MyoD, and myogenin mRNA levels in TA muscle at 3 dpi. F and G: IHC staining of Pax7+ satellite cells in TA ... E: Pax7, Myf5, MyoD, and myogenin mRNA levels in TA muscle at 3 dpi. F and G: IHC staining of Pax7+ satellite cells in TA ... E: Pax7, Myf5, MyoD, and myogenin mRNA levels in TA muscle at 3 dpi. F: Western blot analysis of p-AMPKα and AMPKα levels in ... F and G: Pax7, Myf5, MyoD, and myogenin mRNA levels before injury (F), and 7 dpi (G). H: Myogenic differentiation of Lin−/Sca-1 ...
Functional redundancy of the muscle-specific transcription factors Myf5 and myogenin. Nature 379, 823-825 (1996). ...
Quiescent satellite cells are characterized by their expression of Pax7 and Myf5 but not MyoD or Myogenin. Damage to the ... The initiation of terminal differentiation and fusion begins with the expression of Myogenin, which in concert with MyoD will ... Adult myoblasts express the myogenic transcription factors MyoD and Myf5. Following proliferation, adult myoblasts begin ... only one of which has activated Myf5. Functional differences in regenerative potential exist between satellite stem cells and ...
Myog - Myogenin - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Myog gene & proteinTogether with MYF5 and MYOD1, co-occupies muscle-specific gene promoter core regions during myogenesis. Cooperates also with ... "Functional redundancy of the muscle-specific transcription factors Myf5 and myogenin.". Wang Y., Schnegelsberg P.N., Dausman J. ... "Functional redundancy of the muscle-specific transcription factors Myf5 and myogenin.". Wang Y., Schnegelsberg P.N., Dausman J. ... "Loss of myogenin in postnatal life leads to normal skeletal muscle but reduced body size.". Knapp J.R., Davie J.K., Myer A., ...
Comparative Properties of Myogenesis in Invertebrates and in Lower and Higher Vertebrates, Russian Journal of Developmental...These include hlh-1 and CeTwi in C. elegans; Twi and nau in Drosophila; and MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 in vertebrates. The ... These include hlh-1 and CeTwi in C. elegans; Twi and nau in Drosophila; and MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 in vertebrates. The ... Redefining the Genetic Hierachies Controlling Skeletal Myogenesis: Pax-3 and Myf-5 Act Upstream of MyoD ... Ectopic Pax-3 Activates MyoD and Myf-5 Expression in Embryonic Mesoderm and Neural Tissue ...
Zammit, P. S. Function of the myogenic regulatory factors Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin and MRF4 in skeletal muscle, satellite cells and ... which sequester Myf5 mRNA in messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) granules. Upon activation, miR-31 levels decrease and Myf5 mRNA ... We observed that they were not significantly different (Myod, p = 0.997; Myf5, p = 0.973; Myog, p = 0.190; Pax7, p = 0.890). ... At the mRNA level, we observed similar relative expression of Myf5 and Myod in all strains and higher expression of Myog in the ...
Wang, Y. and Jaenisch, R. (1997). Myogenin can substitute for Myf5 in promoting myogenesis but less efficiently. Development ... Functional redundancy of the muscle-specific transcription factors Myf5 and myogenin. Nature 379,823 -825. ...
Scale bars, 1 mm (a) Myf-5 18°C, (b) Myf-5 25°C, (c) MyoD 18°C (d) MyoD 25°C, (e) myogenin 18°C, (f) Myogenin 25°C, (g) MyHC ... Myf-5 and myogenin, and five myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms during development. The genes encoding Myf-5 and MyoD were ... Expression of myogenin begins at 10.5 h (at 28.5°C) in a subset of the MyoD/Myf-5-expressing cells (Weinberg et al., 1996; Chen ... Expression of myogenin was switched on in the somites later than Myf-5 and MyoD (Fig. 1e,f). The extent of staining lagged ...
- Myogenin assoc. with myoblast fusion and differentiation. (mitomap.org)
- Down-regulation of myogenin can reverse terminal muscle cell differentiation. (uniprot.org)
- Myogenin Mice lacking Myogenin display normal myoblast formation but are unable to complete the later stages of skeletal muscle development What is Myogenin's role in differentiation? (coursehero.com)
- The mechanism by which calcineurin initiates differentiation includes transcriptional activation of myogenin, but does not require the participation of NFAT. (psu.edu)
- The impaired differentiation is consistent with the observation that the myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and Myf5 are downregulated upon knockdown of Gαi2. (asm.org)
- miR-186 inhibits muscle cell differentiation through myogenin regulation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The complex process of skeletal muscle differentiation is organized by the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), Myf5, MyoD, Myf6, and myogenin, where myogenin plays a critical role in the regulation of the final stage of muscle differentiation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- One of them includes MyoD family proteins (also called myogenic regulatory factors or MRFs), with four members Myf5, Myogenic differentiation 1 ( MYOD ), Myogenin ( MYOG ), and Myogenic factor 6 ( MYF6 ) that are exclusively expressed in skeletal muscles. (bio-rad.com)
- While muscle generation is increased by follistatin, and muscle tissue differentiation is mediated by the proteins myogenin , MyoD, MEF2A, Myf5. (aor.ca)
- Studies have shown that the levels of myostatin and SA-β-Gal will increase as we age, while follistatin, myogenin and the differentiation factors will all progressively decrease. (aor.ca)
- This enhanced differentiation led to the up-regulation of myogenic genes (Myf5, Myf6, MyoD, and myogenin) in CD cells in vitro. (pitt.edu)
- Thus, hypoxia by inducing MyoD degradation blocked accumulation of early myogenic differentiation markers such as myogenin and p21 and pRb, preventing both permanent cell cycle withdraw and terminal differentiation. (elsevier.com)
- It was accompanied by decrease in myostatin mRNA and enhanced MYOG and MYF5 expression. (springer.com)
- Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs): MyoD, Myf5, Myf6 and Myogenin. (wikipedia.org)
- 1992 ). Identification of skeletal muscle precursor cells in vivo by use of MyoD1 and Myogenin probes. (biologists.org)
- 1990 ). Myogenic programs of mouse muscle cell lines: expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms, MyoD1, and myogenin. (biologists.org)
- These cell cultures expressed a variety of muscle-specific phenotypes including the proteins alpha-actinin and myosin, muscle-specific creatine kinase activity, and RNA encoding GLUT4, MYF5, MYOD1, and MYOGENIN. (jci.org)
- The development of myogenic cells is mainly determined by expression of two myogenic factors, Myf5 and Myod1 (MyoD), which genetically compensate for each other during embryogenesis. (edu.kz)
- Here, we demonstrate by conditional cell ablation in mice that Myf5 determines a distinct myogenic cell population, which also contains some Myod1-positive cells. (edu.kz)
- Ablation of this lineage uncovers the presence of a second autonomous myogenic lineage, which superseded Myf5-dependent myogenic cells and expressed Myod1. (edu.kz)
- We conclude that Myf5 and Myod1 define different cell lineages with distinct contributions to muscle precursor cells and differentiated myotubes. (edu.kz)
- Myogenic regulatory factors or MRFs include Myo-D, myogenin, MRF-4 and myf5 and are a family of muscle-specific transcription factors that play a critical role in muscle cell hypertrophy (increases in muscle cell size). (scribd.com)
- The genes encoding Myf-5 and MyoD were switched on first in the unsegmented mesoderm, followed by myogenin as the somites developed. (biologists.org)
- The expression patterns of the carp myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) genes most-closely resembled that seen in the zebrafish rather than the rainbow trout (where expression of MyoD remains restricted to the adaxial domain of the somite for a prolonged period) or the herring (where expression of MyoD persists longer than that of myogenin ). (biologists.org)
- The Question What is the relationship between muscle specific transcription factors (specifically Mef2D and myogenin) and chromatin remodeling-enzymes (SWI/SNF) in the activation of late myogenic genes? (coursehero.com)
- For example, loss-of-function mutations of individual myogenic determination factor genes, such as MyoD , Myf5 , and myogenin , each lead to distinctly different developmental perturbations. (ahajournals.org)
- 17 18 19 20 21 22 Similarly, mutations of the related mouse Engrailed genes En-1 and En-2 produce unique disturbances of neural development. (ahajournals.org)
- A scan of 13 candidate growth genes located the growth hormone, myogenin, and parvalbumin genes within 5.3, 9.6, and 25.0 cM of these QTL, respectively. (g3journal.org)
- To better understand their role and regulation of expression in fish muscle cells, Myf5 and myogenin genomic genes were isolated from striped bass (Morone saxatilis). (zfin.org)
- Myostatin inhibits the actions of Myf5, MyoD, and myogenin. (buyraws.com)
- Muscle deficiency and neonatal death in mice with a targeted mutation in the myogenin gene," Nature , vol. 364, no. 6437, pp. 501-506, 1993. (hindawi.com)
- Myogenin gene disruption results in perinatal lethality because of severe muscle defect," Nature , vol. 364, no. 6437, pp. 532-535, 1993. (hindawi.com)
- In mice, myf5 is expressed as one of the earliest SKM-specific gene detectable. (mitomap.org)
- Expression of the myogenin gene was also switched on during somite formation, and expression of both transcripts persisted until the somites became chevron-shaped. (biologists.org)
- 1991 ). Early expression of the myogenic regulatory gene, myf5, in precursor cells of skeletal muscle in the mouse embryo. (biologists.org)
- Yet in both instances, gene replacement studies ( myogenin into the Myf5 locus, or En-2 into the En-1 locus) have demonstrated that these different outcomes reflect unique profiles of transcriptional activation rather than distinct biochemical activities. (ahajournals.org)
- Myf5 and Myogenin are basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that belong to the muscle regulatory factor (MRF) gene family, which plays important roles in regulating skeletal muscle development and growth. (zfin.org)
- To determine if the striped bass Myf5 and myogenin promoters could control muscle-specific expression, the Myf5 or myogenin promoter was linked with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene, and their promoter activity was analyzed in zebrafish embryos by transient expression assay. (zfin.org)
- Quiescent satellite cells are characterized by their expression of Pax7 and Myf5 but not MyoD or Myogenin. (nih.gov)
- This results in decreased expression of Pax7, a marker of undifferentiated state, and a change in the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (Myod, Myf5 and Myogenin). (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- Il en résulte une diminution de l'expression de Pax7, marqueur de l'état indifférencié, et une dérégulation de l'expression des facteurs régulateurs de lamyogenèse (Myod, Myf5 et Myogénine). (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- La conséquence ultime est laréduction de la proportion en progéniteurs Pax7+/MyoD- au profit decellules Pax7-/MyoD+ engagées dans la différenciation. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- On muscle injury, these Pax7 + cells become activated and begin to proliferate into fusion-competent myoblasts that have been shown to express the muscle regulatory transcription factor (MRF) Myf5 ( 4 , 25 , 45 ). (physiology.org)
- A subpopulation of Pax7 + satellite cells that does not express Myf5 has been proposed to be responsible for repopulating the stem cell niche in the regenerated muscle and once again become quiescent ( 26 ). (physiology.org)
- 1992 ). MyoD and Myogenin are coexpressed in regenerating skeletal muscle of the mouse. (biologists.org)
- 1993 ). Selective accumulation of MyoD and myogenin mRNAs in fast and slow adult skeletal muscle is controlled by innervation and hormones. (biologists.org)
- YK11 shows a better ability to activate mass building cofactors like Myf5, MyoD and myogenin than even DHT does. (mindandmuscle.net)
- Myf5, MyoD and myogenin are signal proteins that induce muscles to grow. (mindandmuscle.net)
- Exposure to both stimuli induced the greatest increases in mef2c, myf5, myoD and myogenin transcripts. (biologists.org)
- Skeletal muscle development is influenced by myogenic regulatory factors, including the expression of MyoD and myogenin. (scirp.org)
- Our objective was to use the C2C12 cell culture model to test the hypothesis that both MyoD and myogenin were required for agrin-induced acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering and the fusion of myoblasts into myotubes. (scirp.org)
- We examined the normal expression pattern of MyoD and myogenin in C2C12 cell culture using immunofluorescence. (scirp.org)
- We conclude that agrin-induced AChR clustering requires both MyoD and myogenin. (scirp.org)
- While none of the MSCs differentiated toward a muscle fate, those grown on laminin did express increased levels of myogenic factors (Myf5, MyoD, and myogenin). (biomedcentral.com)
- Myf5, MyoD, and myogenin induces muscle growth. (buyraws.com)
- Embryos of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., were reared from fertilization of the eggs to inflation of the swim bladder in the larval stage at 18 and 25°C. cRNA probes were used to detect transcripts of the myogenic regulatory factors MyoD, Myf-5 and myogenin, and five myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms during development. (biologists.org)
- Cardiotoxin was used to induce regeneration in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of heterozygous Myf5-nlacZ mice, and the muscles were assayed for the presence of (beta)-galactosidase (Myf5) and MyoD. (biologists.org)
- Despite having distinct expression patterns and phenotypes in mutant mice, the myogenic regulatory factors Myf5 and MyoD have been considered to be functionally equivalent. (embopress.org)
- We previously identified the stimulatory effect of AMPKα1, the dominant AMPKα isoform in satellite cells, on myogenin expression and fusion into myotubes ( 20 , 21 ), which led us to hypothesize that AMPKα1 facilitates muscle regeneration and that obesity impedes muscle regeneration mainly through inhibition of AMPK. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Expression of MyoD was then downregulated shortly before myogenin . (biologists.org)
- This study was designed to determine the pattern of expression in vivo of the two myogenic regulatory factors, Myf5 and MyoD during this process. (biologists.org)
- The expression of both myogenin and Myf-5 is dramatically stimulated by AVP. (aacrjournals.org)
- Myogenin expression was low in GM, but increased when cell cultures were switched to DM. (scirp.org)
- Promoter analysis identified several putative E box sites in both Myf5 and myogenin promoters that might confer muscle-specific expression. (zfin.org)
- Our data showed that both striped bass Myf5 and myogenin promoters could drive muscle-specific GFP expression in zebrafish. (zfin.org)
- Pitx2c expression is reactivated, while expression of Myf5 is downregulated in human systolic heart failure as determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. (nih.gov)
- Pitx2c is reactivated in the failing myocardium and stimulates myf5 expression in cultured cardiomyocytes. (nih.gov)
- We showed that hypoxia reversibly inhibited MyoD, Myf5, and myogenin expression. (elsevier.com)
- Myogenin is a member of the MyoD family of myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. (biotium.com)
- It induces the MYF5 protein and human myoblast proliferation. (nih.gov)
- however, myogenin failed to induce measurable quantities of muscle-specific mRNAs, even in cells not expressing dominant negative SWI/SNF. (umassmed.edu)
- Evidence from lineage tracing experiments identified a subpopulation of satellite cells having never expressed the myogenic transcription factor Myf5 (satellite stem cells) are placed hierarchically above satellite cells that have expressed Myf5 at some point during development (satellite myogenic cells). (nih.gov)
- By contrast, ablation of myogenin-expressing cells erased virtually all differentiated muscle cells, indicating that some aspects of the myogenic program are shared by most skeletal muscle cells. (edu.kz)
- Myf5 is required for proper myoblast proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
- One of the main actions of MyoD is to remove cells from the cell cycle (halt proliferation for terminal cell cycle arrest in differentiated myocytes) by enhancing the transcription of p21 and myogenin. (wikipedia.org)
- Satellite stem cells, upon asymmetric division (typically in a apical-basal orientation), will give rise to two daughter cells, only one of which has activated Myf5. (nih.gov)
- Adult satellite cells identified by M-cadherin labelling, when activated, initially express either MyoD or Myf5 or both myogenic factors. (biologists.org)
- Cells expressing the progenitor cell marker myf5, were labeled green, and those expressing myogenin, a marker of mature muscle cells, were labeled red. (innovations-report.com)
- In a series of experiments, the research team confirmed that myf5-expressing RMS cells had powerful tumor-propagating potential, but the ability to visualize how tumor cells move in living fish produced a surprising observation. (innovations-report.com)
- While myf5-expressing cells largely remained within the primary tumor itself, myogenin-expressing RMS cells easily moved out from the tumor, entering the vascular system and passing through usually impenetrable layers of collagen. (innovations-report.com)
- Only after the more-differentiated but non-proliferative myogenin-expressing cells had colonized an area did the myf5-expressing tumor-propagating cells appear and start the growth a new tumor. (innovations-report.com)
- Efficient in vitro myogenic reprogramming of human primary mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells by Myf5. (nih.gov)
- Mouse monoclonal antibodies against myogenin (=-=Wright et al. (psu.edu)
- Next we used antibodies to decrease MyoD and/or myogenin function. (scirp.org)
- 1996 ). Activation of different myogenic pathways: Myf5 is induced by the neural tube and MyoD by the dorsal ectoderm in mouse paraxial mesoderm. (biologists.org)
- Associated Genetic Factors: PAX3, c-Met, Mox2, MSX1, Six, Myf5, and MyoD Mox2 (also referred to as MEOX-2) plays an important role in the induction of mesoderm and regional specification. (wikipedia.org)