Symbiotic combination (dual organism) of the MYCELIUM of FUNGI with the roots of plants (PLANT ROOTS). The roots of almost all higher plants exhibit this mutually beneficial relationship, whereby the fungus supplies water and mineral salts to the plant, and the plant supplies CARBOHYDRATES to the fungus. There are two major types of mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.
A phylum of fungi that are mutualistic symbionts and form ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE with PLANT ROOTS.
The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.
The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE known for the edible nuts.
The heath plant family of the order Ericales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida that are generally shrubs or small trees. Leaves are alternate, simple, and leathery; flowers are symmetrical with a 4- or 5-parted corolla of partly fused petals.
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. This genus was formerly known as Tetragonolobus. The common name of lotus is also used for NYMPHAEA and NELUMBO.
A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is widely cultivated for the edible yellow-orange root. The plant has finely divided leaves and flat clusters of small white flowers.
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
A plant genus of the family POLYGONACEAE that is an ingredient of Shou-Wu-Pian, a Chinese herbal preparation (DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL). The common name of black bindweed also refers to TAMUS or Fallopia (use POLYGONACEAE).
A phylum of fungi that produce their sexual spores (basidiospores) on the outside of the basidium. It includes forms commonly known as mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's-nest fungi, jelly fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, and rust and smut fungi.
A genus of fungi of the family Agaricaceae, order Agaricales; most species are poisonous.
Genus of BACTERIA in the family Frankiaceae. They are nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbionts of many species of woody dicotyledonous plants.
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are coniferous evergreen trees with long, flat, spirally arranged needles that grow directly from the branch.
A plant species of the genus PINUS which is the source of pinosylvin. It is sometimes called Scotch pine or Scots pine, which is also a common name for other species of this genus.
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. It is distinct from Sweet Clover (MELILOTUS), from Bush Clover (LESPEDEZA), and from Red Clover (TRIFOLIUM).
The body of a fungus which is made up of HYPHAE.
A plant species of the family FABACEAE used to study GENETICS because it is DIPLOID, self fertile, has a small genome, and short generation time.
Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.
The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
A plant family of the order Orchidales, subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). All orchids have the same bilaterally symmetrical flower structure, with three sepals, but the flowers vary greatly in color and shape.
An extensive order of basidiomycetous fungi whose fruiting bodies are commonly called mushrooms.
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
Knobbed structures formed from and attached to plant roots, especially of LEGUMES, which result from symbiotic infection by nitrogen fixing bacteria such as RHIZOBIUM or FRANKIA. Root nodules are structures related to MYCORRHIZAE formed by symbiotic associations with fungi.
Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.
New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.
A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.
A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.
A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.
An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.
Reproductive bodies produced by fungi.
Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.
Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.
The intergenic DNA segments that are between the ribosomal RNA genes (internal transcribed spacers) and between the tandemly repeated units of rDNA (external transcribed spacers and nontranscribed spacers).
A plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit.
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.
The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: a molecular review of the fungal dimension. (1/560)

Mycorrhizal associations vary widely in structure and function, but the most common interaction is the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. This interaction is formed between the roots of over 80% of all terrestrial plant species and Zygomycete fungi from the Order Glomales. These fungi are termed AM fungi and are obligate symbionts which form endomycorrhizal symbioses. This symbiosis confers benefits directly to the host plant's growth and development through the acquisition of P and other mineral nutrients from the soil by the fungus. In addition, they may also enhance the plant's resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. These beneficial effects of the AM symbiosis occur as a result of a complex molecular dialogue between the two symbiotic partners. Identifying the molecules involved in the dialogue is a prerequisite for a greater understanding of the symbiosis. Ongoing research attempts to understand the underlying dialogue and concomitant molecular changes occurring in the plant and the fungus during the establishment of a functioning AM symbiosis. This paper focuses on the molecular approaches being used to study AM fungal genes being expressed in the symbiotic and asymbiotic stages of its lifecycle. In addition, the importance of studying these fungi, in relation to understanding plant processes, is discussed briefly.  (+info)

Legume genomes and discoveries in symbiosis research. (2/560)

A report on the First International Conference on Legume Genomics and Genetics: Translation to Crop Improvement, Minneapolis-St. Paul, USA, 2-6 June 2002.  (+info)

The indolic compound hypaphorine produced by ectomycorrhizal fungus interferes with auxin action and evokes early responses in nonhost Arabidopsis thaliana. (3/560)

Signals leading to mycorrhizal differentiation are largely unknown. We have studied the sensitivity of the root system from plant model Arabidopsis thaliana to hypaphorine, the major indolic compound isolated from the basidiomycetous fungus Pisolithus tinctorius. This fungi establishes ectomycorrhizas with Eucalyptus globulus. Hypaphorine controls root hair elongation and counteracts the activity of indole-3-acetic acid on root elongation on A. thaliana, as previously reported for the host plant. In addition, we show that hypaphorine counteracts the rapid upregulation by indole-3-acetic acid and 1-naphthalenic-acetic acid of the primary auxin-responsive gene IAA1 and induces a rapid, transient membrane depolarization in root hairs and suspension cells, due to the modulation of anion and K+ currents. These early responses indicate that components necessary for symbiosis-related differentiation events are present in the nonhost plant A. thaliana and provide tools for the dissection of the hypaphorine-auxin interaction.  (+info)

A phosphate transporter from Medicago truncatula involved in the acquisition of phosphate released by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. (4/560)

Many plants have the capacity to obtain phosphate via a symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In AM associations, the fungi release phosphate from differentiated hyphae called arbuscules, that develop within the cortical cells, and the plant transports the phosphate across a symbiotic membrane, called the periarbuscular membrane, into the cortical cell. In Medicago truncatula, a model legume used widely for studies of root symbioses, it is apparent that the phosphate transporters known to operate at the root-soil interface do not participate in symbiotic phosphate transport. EST database searches with short sequence motifs shared by known phosphate transporters enabled the identification of a novel phosphate transporter from M. truncatula, MtPT4. MtPT4 is significantly different from the plant root phosphate transporters cloned to date. Complementation of yeast phosphate transport mutants indicated that MtPT4 functions as a phosphate transporter, and estimates of the K(m) suggest a relatively low affinity for phosphate. MtPT4 is expressed only in mycorrhizal roots, and the MtPT4 promoter directs expression exclusively in cells containing arbuscules. MtPT4 is located in the membrane fraction of mycorrhizal roots, and immunolocalization revealed that MtPT4 colocalizes with the arbuscules, consistent with a location on the periarbuscular membrane. The transport properties and spatial expression patterns of MtPT4 are consistent with a role in the acquisition of phosphate released by the fungus in the AM symbiosis.  (+info)

Genetic and cytogenetic mapping of DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 genes of Medicago truncatula involved in Nod factor transduction, nodulation, and mycorrhization. (5/560)

The DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 genes of Medicago truncatula, which are required for both nodulation and mycorrhization, control early steps of Nod factor signal transduction. Here, we have used diverse approaches to pave the way for the map-based cloning of these genes. Molecular amplification fragment length polymorphism markers linked to the three genes were identified by bulked segregant analysis. Integration of these markers into the general genetic map of M. truncatula revealed that DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 are located on linkage groups 2, 5, and 8, respectively. Cytogenetic studies using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on mitotic and pachytene chromosomes confirmed the location of DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 on chromosomes 2, 5, and 8. FISH-pachytene studies revealed that the three genes are in euchromatic regions of the genome, with a ratio of genetic to cytogenetic distances between 0.8 and 1.6 cM per microm in the DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 regions. Through grafting experiments, we showed that the genetic control of the dmi1, dmi2, and dmi3 nodulation phenotypes is determined at the root level. This means that mutants can be transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes to accelerate the complementation step of map-based cloning projects for DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3.  (+info)

Phosphorus effects on metabolic processes in monoxenic arbuscular mycorrhiza cultures. (6/560)

The influence of external phosphorus (P) on carbon (C) allocation and metabolism as well as processes related to P metabolism was studied in monoxenic arbuscular mycorrhiza cultures of carrot (Daucus carota). Fungal hyphae of Glomus intraradices proliferated from the solid minimal medium containing the colonized roots into C-free liquid minimal medium with different P treatments. The fungus formed around three times higher biomass in P-free liquid medium than in medium with 2.5 mM inorganic P (high-P). Mycelium in the second experiment was harvested at an earlier growth stage to study metabolic processes when the mycelium was actively growing. P treatment influenced the root P content and [(13)C]glucose administered to the roots 7 d before harvest gave a negative correlation between root P content and (13)C enrichment in arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal storage lipids in the extraradical hyphae. Eighteen percent of the enriched (13)C in extraradical hyphae was recovered in the fatty acid 16:1omega5 from neutral lipids. Polyphosphate accumulated in hyphae even in P-free medium. No influence of P treatment on fungal acid phosphatase activity was observed, whereas the proportion of alkaline-phosphatase-active hyphae was highest in high-P medium. We demonstrated the presence of a motile tubular vacuolar system in G. intraradices. This system was rarely seen in hyphae subjected to the highest P treatment. We concluded that the direct responses of the extraradical hyphae to the P concentration in the medium are limited. The effects found in hyphae seemed instead to be related to increased availability of P to the host root.  (+info)

Induction of jasmonate biosynthesis in arbuscular mycorrhizal barley roots. (7/560)

Colonization of barley (Hordeum vulgare cv Salome) roots by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, leads to elevated levels of endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and its amino acid conjugate JA-isoleucine, whereas the level of the JA precursor, oxophytodienoic acid, remains constant. The rise in jasmonates is accompanied by the expression of genes coding for an enzyme of JA biosynthesis (allene oxide synthase) and of a jasmonate-induced protein (JIP23). In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical analysis revealed that expression of these genes occurred cell specifically within arbuscule-containing root cortex cells. The concomitant gene expression indicates that jasmonates are generated and act within arbuscule-containing cells. By use of a near-synchronous mycorrhization, analysis of temporal expression patterns showed the occurrence of transcript accumulation 4 to 6 d after the appearance of the first arbuscules. This suggests that the endogenous rise in jasmonates might be related to the fully established symbiosis rather than to the recognition of interacting partners or to the onset of interaction. Because the plant supplies the fungus with carbohydrates, a model is proposed in which the induction of JA biosynthesis in colonized roots is linked to the stronger sink function of mycorrhizal roots compared with nonmycorrhizal roots.  (+info)

Exploring root symbiotic programs in the model legume Medicago truncatula using EST analysis. (8/560)

We report on a large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing and analysis program aimed at characterizing the sets of genes expressed in roots of the model legume Medicago truncatula during interactions with either of two microsymbionts, the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti or the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. We have designed specific tools for in silico analysis of EST data, in relation to chimeric cDNA detection, EST clustering, encoded protein prediction, and detection of differential expression. Our 21 473 5'- and 3'-ESTs could be grouped into 6359 EST clusters, corresponding to distinct virtual genes, along with 52 498 other M.truncatula ESTs available in the dbEST (NCBI) database that were recruited in the process. These clusters were manually annotated, using a specifically developed annotation interface. Analysis of EST cluster distribution in various M.truncatula cDNA libraries, supported by a refined R test to evaluate statistical significance and by 'electronic northern' representation, enabled us to identify a large number of novel genes predicted to be up- or down-regulated during either symbiotic root interaction. These in silico analyses provide a first global view of the genetic programs for root symbioses in M.truncatula. A searchable database has been built and can be accessed through a public interface.  (+info)

... which introduced alongside arbuscular mycorrhizae three new types of mycorrhizae: orchid mycorrhizae, ericoid mycorrhizae, and ... Mycorrhizae and climate change refers to the effects of climate change on mycorrhizae, a fungus which forms an endosymbiotic ... Arbuscular mycorrhizae, the most common form of mycorrhizae which are widespread "essential components of soil biota in natural ... The most notable effects that these gases have on the mycorrhizae include "- a reduction in viable mycorrhizae propagules, the ...
mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to ... Arbuscular mycorrhizas, or AM (formerly known as vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas, or VAM), are mycorrhizas whose hyphae ... Mycorrhizas are located in the roots of vascular plants, but mycorrhiza-like associations also occur in bryophytes and there is ... Mycorrhizae and climate change refers to the effects of climate change on mycorrhizae, a fungus which forms an endosymbiotic ...
Mycorrhiza Literature Exchange Cairney, J. W. G. and A. A. Meharg. 2003. Ericoid mycorrhiza: a partnership that exploits harsh ... A few lineages within the Ericaceae do not form ericoid mycorrhizas, and instead form other types of mycorrhizas, including ... Ericoid mycorrhizas are characterized by fungal coils that form in the epidermal cells of the fine hair roots of ericaceous ... The ericoid mycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship formed between members of the plant family Ericaceae and several lineages ...
An arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) (plural mycorrhizae, a.k.a. endomycorrhiza) is a type of mycorrhiza in which the symbiont fungus ... Mycorrhiza Ectomycorrhiza Ericoid mycorrhiza Mycorrhizae and changing climate Mycorrhizal fungi and soil carbon storage ... Not to be confused with ectomycorrhiza or ericoid mycorrhiza.) Arbuscular mycorrhizae are characterized by the formation of ... In Mycorrhizas in Ecosystems, ed., D.J. Read, D.H. Lewis, A.H. Fitter, I.J. Alexander. United Kingdom: C.A.B. International, pp ...
"Function of Orchid Mycorrhizas" "Symbionts of Orchid Mycorrhiza" "Orchidoid mycorrhizae" from Mycorrhizae and Plant Phylogeny ( ... as discussed above is almost identical to that observed in arbuscular mycorrhiza and ericoid mycorrhiza, but when it comes to ... Orchids mycorrhiza (OM) are found in approximately 10% of the botanical diversity of earth and have unique and specialized ... Orchid mycorrhizae are endomycorrhizal fungi which develop symbiotic relationships with the roots and seeds of plants of the ...
MHBs help mycorrhiza establish symbiotic associations in stressful environments such as those high in toxic metals. In harsh ... Mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) are a group of organisms that form symbiotic associations with both ectomycorrhiza and ... However, in the presence of mycorrhiza some species can be beneficial and are considered to be MHBs. Since they are common, ... As a result, the MHB create a pool of phosphate that the mycorrhiza then use. The bacteria work in phosphorus-limited ...
Dighton, J. (2009). "Mycorrhizae." Encyclopedia of Microbiology. pp. 153-162. Phellodon melaleucus in Index Fungorum (CS1 ...
"The edible mycorrhizae in pine plantations: their role as biological control agents", p. 53 Blumenfeld, S.N., H. Rubi & C. ... I, Mycorrhizae. Orientación Gráfica Editora, Bs. As., 237 p.,(ISBN 987 - 99791 - 3-3) Blumenfeld, S.N., 1998. Cultivo de hongos ... Blumenfeld, S.N., Sustainable cropping of edible mycorrhizae at Neuquen, Argentina 1999 - III Latin American Congress of ...
1956). "Mycorrhizae". In Gorlenki MV. (ed.). Fungi - friends and enemies of man. Moscow, Russia: Sovetskaya Nauka. pp. 178-81. ... Masui K. (1926). "A study of the mycorrhiza of Abies firma, S. et Z., with special reference to its mycorrhizal fungus ... Masui K. (1927). "A study of the ectotrophic mycorrhizas of woody plants". Memoirs of the College of Science. Kyoto Imperial ...
Mycorrhiza Arbuscular mycorrhiza Ericoid mycorrhiza Orchid mycorrhiza Mycorrhizae and changing climate Tedersoo, Leho; May, Tom ... The vast majority of arbuscular mycorrhizas are non-specific, and so plants that interact with these mycorrhizas often become ... Wang, B.; Qiu, Y.-L. (2006). "Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants" (PDF). Mycorrhiza. 16 (5 ... Unlike other mycorrhizal relationships, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza and ericoid mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhizal fungi do not ...
MLO) mycorrhiza (pl. mycorrhizae; adj. mycorrhizal) mycotoxin mycovirus Myxomycetes (syn. slime molds) necrosis (adj. necrotic ... appressoria) arbuscular mycorrhiza (abbr. AM; syn. endomycorrhiza) arbuscule ascocarp (syn. ascoma) ascogenous ascogonium (pl. ... arbuscular mycorrhiza) endoparasite endospore epidemic epidemiology epinasty epiphytotic The epidemic condition of a disease, ...
Cuttings, Mycorrhizae and Nutrients. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. 144 pp Aldrianto, P., 2002. ... Dipterocarpaceae: Tree-Mycorrhizae-Seedling connection. PhD thesis, Wageningen Agriculture University, the Netherlands. 193 pp ...
are arbuscular mycorrhizae of the phylum Glomeromycota within the order Glomerales. Members of this genus have low host ... The situation changed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with researchers in France and Italy establishing mycorrhizas with ... Hartnett, David C.; Wilson, Gail W. T. (1999). "Mycorrhizae influence plant community structure and diversity in tallgrass ... Lehto, Tarja; Zwiazek, Janusz J. (2010). "Ectomycorrhizas and water relations of trees: a review". Mycorrhiza. 21 (2): 71-90. ...
ex Laws) seedlings outplanted with Rhizopogon mycorrhizae inoculated with spores at the nursery". Journal of Arboriculture. 29 ... Mycorrhiza. 29 (4): 397-401. doi:10.1007/s00572-019-00899-x. ISSN 0940-6360. PMID 31175441. Zhao, Pei‐shan; Guo, Mi‐shan; Gao, ... Mycorrhiza. 23 (8): 641-653. doi:10.1007/s00572-013-0504-0. PMID 23702643. S2CID 2303003. Pietras, Marcin (2019-06-07). "First ...
ISBN 978-82-90724-03-5. Shi L, Guttenberger M, Kottke I, Hampp R (2002). "The effect of drought on mycorrhizas of beech (Fagus ... Mycorrhiza. 23 (8): 663-8. doi:10.1007/s00572-013-0502-2. PMID 23666521. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. ... Mycorrhiza. 12 (6): 303-311. doi:10.1007/s00572-002-0197-2. PMID 12466918. Yurchenko EO, Golubkov VV (2003). "The morphology, ...
Mycorrhiza. 20 (8): 569-575. doi:10.1007/s00572-010-0326-2. PMID 20602121. S2CID 22745958. Retrieved 5 October 2014. Barros, ...
Peterson RL, Massicotte HG, Melville LH (2004). "6: Monotropoid mycorrhizas". Mycorrhizas: Anatomy and Cell Biology. Ottawa: ... Although mycorrhizas are generally considered to be mutualistic relationships, it is generally recognized that mutualism and ... The morphology of the root and the root-level fungal symbiont is distinctive and referred to as monotropoid mycorrhiza. ( ... Imhof S. (2009). "Arbuscular, ecto-related, orchid mycorrhizas-three independent structural lineages towards mycoheterotrophy: ...
Wang, B.; Qiu, Y.-L. (6 May 2006). "Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants". Mycorrhiza. ... Wang, B. (2006). "Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants". Mycorrhiza. 16 (5): 299-363. doi: ... International Mycorrhiza Society (Springer). 16 (5): 299-363. doi:10.1007/s00572-005-0033-6. ISSN 0940-6360. PMID 16845554. ... Prominent examples include most vascular plants engaged in mutualistic interactions with mycorrhizae, flowering plants being ...
Mycorrhiza. 17 (5): 355-373. doi:10.1007/s00572-007-0121-x. PMID 17345105. Kroeger P, Ceska O, Roberts C, Kendrick B (2010). " ...
Mycorrhiza. 21 (1): 17. doi:10.1007/s00572-010-0308-4. Jordan, Michael (2004). The Encyclopedia of Fungi of Britain and Europe ...
Mycorrhizae-root associations play profound roles in land ecosystems by regulating nutrient and carbon cycles. Mycorrhizae are ... Koide, Roger T.; Mosse, Barbara (2004). "A history of research on arbuscular mycorrhiza". Mycorrhiza. 14 (3): 145-163. doi: ... The most frequently studied beneficial rhizosphere organisms are mycorrhizae, rhizobium bacteria, plant-growth promoting ...
Members of the Glomeromycota form arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) with the thalli of bryophytes and the roots of vascular land ... Mycorrhiza 23.3 (2013): 221-33. Web. Smith, Sally E.; Read, David J. (2008). Mycorrhizal symbiosis (3 ed.). Academic Press. ... Mycorrhiza. 23 (7): 515-531. doi:10.1007/s00572-013-0486-y. PMID 23558516. S2CID 16495856. Redeker, D. (2002). "Molecular ...
ISBN 0-89815-169-4. Watling R, Abraham SP (1992). "Ectomycorrhizal fungi of Kashmir forests". Mycorrhiza. 2 (2): 81-7. doi: ...
lycopersici interactions in tomato". Mycorrhiza. 23 (7): 543-550. doi:10.1007/s00572-013-0495-x. PMC 3778835. PMID 23549903. ...
Mycorrhiza. 16 (4): 241-4. doi:10.1007/s00572-006-0040-2. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ...
Mycorrhiza. 18 (4): 205-210. doi:10.1007/s00572-008-0167-4. ISSN 0940-6360. PMID 18320240. S2CID 195073249. v t e (CS1 Swedish- ...
Comandini, O.; Contu, M. & Rinaldi, A.C. (2006). "An overview of Cistus ectomycorrhizal fungi". Mycorrhiza. 16 (6): 381-395. ... Mycorrhiza. 20 (4): 217-263. doi:10.1007/s00572-009-0274-x. PMID 20191371. S2CID 3351967.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple ...
Mycorrhiza. 23 (8): 663-8. doi:10.1007/s00572-013-0502-2. PMID 23666521. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. ...
Mycorrhiza. 21 (1): 53-64. doi:10.1007/s00572-010-0310-x. ISSN 1432-1890. PMID 20405149. S2CID 20470083. "Arbutus unedo f. ... Mycorrhiza. 21 (1): 53-64. doi:10.1007/s00572-010-0310-x. ISSN 1432-1890. PMID 20405149. S2CID 20470083. aqueous extract is ...
Mycorrhiza. 10 (4): 185-193. doi:10.1007/s005720000077. ISSN 0940-6360. S2CID 10605629. "Creeping Willow, Salix repens - Trees ...
Learn a little about the magical world of mycorrhizae, happening right underneath your feet! ... The Magic of Mycorrhizae. Jan 09, 2023 by Jana Hemphill Learn a little about the magical world of mycorrhizae, happening right ... Mycorrhizae, the plural form of mycorrhiza, comes from the Greek for fungus and root. Lets take it a step further-mycelium ... Mycorrhizae, Martin Jurgensen, Dana Richter, Carl C. Trettin, Mary Davis. *Mycorrhizae, University of Nevada, Reno Cooperative ...
2021 Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa. Wszelkie prawa zastrzeżone ...
Upcoming webinar on Grapevine Nutrition: Nutrient Requirements, Tissue Tests, and Mycorrhizae. Some of you may be interested in ... Grapevine Nutrition: Nutrient Requirements, Tissue Tests, and Mycorrhizae. Presenter: Paul Schreiner, Plant Physiologist, USDA ... To register: https://extension.psu.edu/grapevine-nutrition-nutrient-requirements-tissue-tests-and-mycorrhizae ...
Mikorizė (mycorrhizae) sukuria augalų šaknyse ir ant jų mikrobų sistemą, kuri pagerina vandens ir maistinių medžiagų ... Orca® Liquid Mycorrhizae formulėje turi 4 labai veiksmingas grybų rūšis ir 14 naudingų bakterijų štamų. ... Būkite pirmas aprašęs "Orca Liquid Mycorrhizae" Atšaukti atsakymą. El. pašto adresas nebus skelbiamas. Būtini laukeliai ... NAUDOJIMAS: Orca ® Liquid Mycorrhizae galima naudoti sėkloms, kokose, žemėje arba bet kokioje hidroponinėje sistemoje.. Sėkoms ...
Growers will be happy to see Big Foot did not include ECTO-mycorrhizae in this product! 950,000,000 CFU/Gram Growers looking ... Growers will be happy to see Big Foot did not include ECTO-mycorrhizae in this product! ...
The real players are the soil "mycorrhizae," beneficial fungi that colonize on plant roots and serve as a nutrient pipeline ... Not only do the mycorrhizae absorb water and mineral elements (phosphorus being a key one), they also break down other ... That begs the question whether mycorrhizae associated with legumes are functionally the same as those associated with roots of ... other plants (grasses) in the same location? Or are grasses fed by different mycorrhizae? I assume mycorhizae are biodiverse, ...
Annuals Best practices BIOFUNGICIDE* + MYCORRHIZAE BIOSTIMULANT + MYCORRHIZAE Foliage plants Growing medium Perennials Potted ... Survival of BIOFUNGICIDE and MYCORRHIZAE in PRO-MIX Growing Media BIOFUNGICIDE™ + MYCORRHIZAE™ are active ingredients that are ... PRO-MIX® HPCC MYCORRHIZAE™: Coir-Based Growing Medium for Optimum Growth Horticulture Director from our Grower Services team, ... In addition to the physical benefits of the PRO-MIX HPCC, the MYCORRHIZAE is a natural fungus that colonizes the root system of ...
Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza is mostly recommended for upland crops especially for potted plants and tissue culture ... Mycorrhizae increases availability of major nutrients like, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and also certain micronutrients ...
Mycorrhiza - its role in Agriculture. 6 Replies. What is mycorrhiza: A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a green ... mycorrhiza ppt, mycorrhizae, nature deep fertilizer, nature deep grape, nature deep india, nature deep mycorrhiza, Nutrient, ... mycorrhiza ppt, mycorrhizae, nature deep fertilizer, nature deep grape, nature deep india, nature deep mycorrhiza, Nutrient, ... mycorrhiza ppt, mycorrhizae, nature deep fertilizer, nature deep grape, nature deep india, nature deep mycorrhiza, Nutrient, ...
... ... In the screening tests, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal (AMF) isolates; KS14 (Glomus sp.3); KS 18 (Glomus etunicatum), KS74 ( ...
Mycorrhiza has a lot of advantages and benefits. The most important are follow. ... Mycorrhiza has a lot of advantages and benefits. The most important are:. *. Mycorrhizae represent one of the natures best ... Mycorrhiza offers up to 50% reduction in chemical fertilizer application.. *Mycorrhiza facilitates better uptake of nutrients ... Mycorrhiza is the only known fungal system, which is categorized as a biofertilizer. Its hyphae can extend much beyond a few ...
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Forestry as an important application for Mycorrhiza. ... The World of Mycorrhiza * General information about Mycorrhiza ...
mycorrhiza - A self-hosted wiki engine with its own markup language. This repo is a mirror, the code is also available on srht ...
... Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LXI, Issue 1 ... Mycorrhizas are co-evolutionary symbiotic partners of most cultivated plants. The complex of fungi-roots is defining overall ... STOIAN V., VIDICAN R., ROTAR I., PACURAR F., ŞANDOR M., BUTA M., STOIAN V. 2018, MYCORRHIZAS AS A TOOL IN MAPPING AGRICULTURAL ...
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Mycorrhiza and forest fire In this project, we aim to investigate 1) to what extent diversity of mycorrhizal fungi is ...
Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizal fungi are certain kinds of fungi which are specialized to colonize the roots of the majority of plants ...
A model for the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), potato plant and mycorrhiza mutual interactions is presented, accounting for the ... The results indicate that the use of mycorrhiza is effective in keeping the pest population at low levels. ... A more refined mathematical model for the Mycorrhiza-potato plant-Colorado potato beetle interactions ...
Plants Grown with Mycorrhizae Shine at Retail and in the Landscape. The many benefits that mycorrhizal fungi provide to plants ... Often one of the initial barriers for a potential user of mycorrhizae is trying to… ...
Mycorrhiza helper bacteria. In: Varma, A. (ed.). Mycorrhiza. State of the art, genetics and molecular biology, eco-function, ... Auxofuran, a novel substance stimulating growth of fly agaric, produced by the mycorrhiza helper bacterium Streptomyces AcH 505 ... Mycorrhiza 28 (5-6), 403 - 409. Volltext (DOI). *Vetterlein, D., Tarkka, M. (2018):. Seeds with low phosphorus content: not so ... Genome sequence of the mycorrhiza helper bacterium Streptomyces sp. strain AcH 505. Genome Announc. 3 (2), e01386-14. Volltext ...
Rillig, M.C.; Mummey, D.L. Mycorrhizas and soil structure. New Phytol. 2006, 171, 41-53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] ... Rillig, M.C. Arbuscular mycorrhizae, glomalin, and soil aggregation. Can. J. Soil Sci. 2004, 84, 355-363. [Google Scholar] [ ... LeCroy, C.; Masiello, C.A.; Rudgers, J.A.; Hockaday, W.C.; Silberg, J.J. Nitrogen, biochar, and mycorrhizae: Alteration of the ... Koide, R.T. Chapter 25-Biochar-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Interaction in Temperate Soils. In Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil; Johnson ...
UltraFine Mycorrhizae - OMRI and EcoCert Listed. Click here for more information. Read more… ...
Wheat Shoot Al, Fe, Mn and Zn Levels Are Influenced by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Extraradical Mycelium Associated to Ornithopus ...
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Arctic Gro granular molasses is a good soil additive to attracting beneficial soil micro-organisms
Arbuscular mycorrhizas and dark septate endophytes associated with grasses from the Argentine Puna ... Isotope fractionation during root water uptake by Acacia caven is enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizas ...
KEYWORDS: wetland, wet prairie, fen, peatland, arbuscular mycorrhizae, Fungi, endomycorrhiza. Read Abstract + ...
In fact, the relationship has its own name: mycorrhiza, which is Greek for "fungus root," Money said. ...
  • The second class of mycorrhizae is endomycorrhizae, which invades plant's roots and develops entirely within the plant. (deschuteslandtrust.org)
  • There are two major types of mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae. (nih.gov)
  • Existen dos tipos principales de mycorrhizae: el ectomycorrhizae y el endomycorrhizae. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mycorrhiza is the only known fungal system, which is categorized as a biofertilizer. (mycorrhizaworld.de)
  • The most common type of MYCORRHIZAE where the fungal HYPHAE penetrate into the cortical cells of the plant and there is no sheath formation. (nih.gov)
  • The real players are the soil "mycorrhizae," beneficial fungi that colonize on plant roots and serve as a nutrient pipeline into the host plant. (onpasture.com)
  • Mycorrhizal fungi are certain kinds of fungi which are specialized to colonize the roots of the majority of plants and form an organ called mycorrhiza. (californianativeplants.com)
  • Mycorrhizae literally means "fungus-root" and is used to describe the symbiotic association (interrelationship) between plant roots and fungi. (cdc.gov)
  • Mycorrhizae, according to Merriam-Webster, is "the symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus with the roots of a seed plant. (deschuteslandtrust.org)
  • But mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships, so what does the host plant receive? (deschuteslandtrust.org)
  • Mycorrhizas are co-evolutionary symbiotic partners of most cultivated plants. (usamv.ro)
  • A model for the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), potato plant and mycorrhiza mutual interactions is presented, accounting for the symbiotic and predator-prey features of this system. (yyu.edu.tr)
  • Mycorrhizae, the plural form of mycorrhiza, comes from the Greek for 'fungus' and 'root. (deschuteslandtrust.org)
  • In addition to the physical benefits of the PRO-MIX HPCC, the MYCORRHIZAE is a natural fungus that colonizes the root system of a plant and then grows out beyond the roots to acquire nutrients and water where the plant roots are not present. (pthorticulture.com)
  • Type of MYCORRHIZAE where the fungus forms a sheath outside the root. (nih.gov)
  • In soil, mycorrhiza produces vegetative structures like chlamydospores and zygospores, which become dormant during the period of environmental stress and germinate with the return of favourable conditions. (mycorrhizaworld.de)
  • Mycorrhiza offers tolerance against a range of soil stresses like heavy metal toxicity, salinity, drought, and high soil temperatures. (mycorrhizaworld.de)
  • Mycorrhiza offers higher resistance to various soil and root-borne pathogens, thus becoming a potential disease control agent. (mycorrhizaworld.de)
  • Mycorrhiza helps in soil conservation and soil structure stabilization, thus restoring land productivity. (mycorrhizaworld.de)
  • Ectomycorrhizae-also known as sheathing mycorrhizae-cover the ends of a plant's young roots, almost forming a sheath around the roots. (deschuteslandtrust.org)
  • Not only do the mycorrhizae absorb water and mineral elements (phosphorus being a key one), they also break down other potential plant nutrients and funnel them to plant roots. (onpasture.com)
  • Mycorrhizae increases availability of major nutrients like, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and also certain micronutrients like zinc, calcium, iron, magnesium and manganese. (farmextensionmanager.com)
  • Mycorrhiza increases the rate of photosynthesis and hence improves plant growth, productivity and yield. (mycorrhizaworld.de)
  • One of our most popular active ingredients is a combination of our popular MYCORRHIZAE - PTB297 Technology and our BIOFUNGICIDE* ( Bacillus pumilus ). (pthorticulture.com)
  • The significance of Mycorrhiza in augmenting food production and land productivity is accepted and appreciated by scientists & researchers all over the world. (mycorrhizaworld.de)
  • Some plants even have both classes of mycorrhizae. (deschuteslandtrust.org)
  • That begs the question whether mycorrhizae associated with legumes are functionally the same as those associated with roots of other plants (grasses) in the same location? (onpasture.com)
  • Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza is mostly recommended for upland crops especially for potted plants and tissue culture plantlets. (farmextensionmanager.com)
  • 12. [Effects of nitrogen and carbon addition and arbuscular mycorrhiza on alien invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia]. (nih.gov)
  • Growers will be happy to see Big Foot did not include ECTO-mycorrhizae in this product! (mass-hydro.com)
  • We are pleased to announce that the combination of these two active ingredients is now available in our PRO-MIX HPCC BIOSTIMULANT / BIOFUNGICIDE* + MYCORRHIZAE product. (pthorticulture.com)
  • Horticulture Director from our Grower Services team, Ed Bloodnick talks about PRO-MIX HPCC MYCORRHIZAE, a peat/chunk coir-based professional growing medium. (pthorticulture.com)
  • Forestry as an important application for Mycorrhiza. (mycozoom.in)
  • summer (March-June), Rainy (July-October), and winter (November-February) to study the response to variable climatic factors to the root colonization and spore density of mycorrhiza. (who.int)
  • Mycorrhiza offers up to 50% reduction in chemical fertilizer application. (mycorrhizaworld.de)