Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium bovis
Mycobacterium smegmatis
Antitubercular Agents
Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.
Isoniazid
Mycobacterium avium
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
So-called atypical species of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM that do not cause tuberculosis. They are also called tuberculoid bacilli, i.e.: M. buruli, M. chelonae, M. duvalii, M. flavescens, M. fortuitum, M. gilvum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare (see MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX;), M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. obuense, M. scrofulaceum, M. szulgai, M. terrae, M. ulcerans, M. xenopi.
Rifampin
A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)
Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium avium Complex
A complex that includes several strains of M. avium. M. intracellulare is not easily distinguished from M. avium and therefore is included in the complex. These organisms are most frequently found in pulmonary secretions from persons with a tuberculous-like mycobacteriosis. Strains of this complex have also been associated with childhood lymphadenitis and AIDS; M. avium alone causes tuberculosis in a variety of birds and other animals, including pigs.
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous
Infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (atypical mycobacteria): M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. flavescens, M. gordonae, M. obuense, M. gilvum, M. duvali, M. szulgai, M. intracellulare (see MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX;), M. xenopi (littorale), M. ulcerans, M. buruli, M. terrae, M. fortuitum (minetti, giae), M. chelonae.
BCG Vaccine
Ethambutol
An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863)
Antibiotics, Antitubercular
Sputum
Mycobacterium marinum
Mycobacterium fortuitum
Tuberculin Test
Mycobacterium kansasii
Mycobacterium chelonae
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Tuberculosis, Bovine
Tuberculosis, Miliary
Mycobacteriophages
Latent Tuberculosis
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Tuberculosis, Lymph Node
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
DNA Fingerprinting
A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.
Tuberculosis, Meningeal
A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)
Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Tuberculosis, Cutaneous
Bacterial Typing Techniques
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Sensitivity and Specificity
Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium ulcerans
Interferon-gamma
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Tuberculosis, Pleural
Tuberculin
Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal
DNA Transposable Elements
Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.
Streptomycin
Tuberculosis, Spinal
Lung
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Granuloma
Cord Factors
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
Minisatellite Repeats
Tandem arrays of moderately repetitive, short (10-60 bases) DNA sequences which are found dispersed throughout the GENOME, at the ends of chromosomes (TELOMERES), and clustered near telomeres. Their degree of repetition is two to several hundred at each locus. Loci number in the thousands but each locus shows a distinctive repeat unit.
Virulence
Amino Acid Sequence
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Colony Count, Microbial
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System
Tuberculosis of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges (TUBERCULOSIS, MENINGEAL), most often caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and rarely by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The infection may be limited to the nervous system or coexist in other organs (e.g., TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY). The organism tends to seed the meninges causing a diffuse meningitis and leads to the formation of TUBERCULOMA, which may occur within the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal spaces. Tuberculous involvement of the vertebral column (TUBERCULOSIS, SPINAL) may result in nerve root or spinal cord compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-20)
Base Sequence
Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
Molecular Epidemiology
Genotype
Mutation
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
Tuberculosis, Urogenital
Phagosomes
Tuberculosis, Ocular
Leprosy
Tuberculosis, Hepatic
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.
Microbial Viability
Glycolipids
Acyltransferases
Interspersed Repetitive Sequences
Copies of transposable elements interspersed throughout the genome, some of which are still active and often referred to as "jumping genes". There are two classes of interspersed repetitive elements. Class I elements (or RETROELEMENTS - such as retrotransposons, retroviruses, LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS) transpose via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Class II elements (or DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS - such as transposons, Tn elements, insertion sequence elements and mobile gene cassettes of bacterial integrons) transpose directly from one site in the DNA to another.
Mycobacterium xenopi
Crystallography, X-Ray
Chaperonin 60
A group I chaperonin protein that forms the barrel-like structure of the chaperonin complex. It is an oligomeric protein with a distinctive structure of fourteen subunits, arranged in two rings of seven subunits each. The protein was originally studied in BACTERIA where it is commonly referred to as GroEL protein.
Evaluation Studies as Topic
Cell Wall
Tuberculosis, Female Genital
Contact Tracing
Chaperonins
A family of multisubunit protein complexes that form into large cylindrical structures which bind to and encapsulate non-native proteins. Chaperonins utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to enhance the efficiency of PROTEIN FOLDING reactions and thereby help proteins reach their functional conformation. The family of chaperonins is split into GROUP I CHAPERONINS, and GROUP II CHAPERONINS, with each group having its own repertoire of protein subunits and subcellular preferences.
Molecular Typing
RNA, Bacterial
Cluster Analysis
A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.
Paratuberculosis
DNA Gyrase
A bacterial DNA topoisomerase II that catalyzes ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. Gyrase binds to DNA as a heterotetramer consisting of two A and two B subunits. In the presence of ATP, gyrase is able to convert the relaxed circular DNA duplex into a superhelix. In the absence of ATP, supercoiled DNA is relaxed by DNA gyrase.
Clofazimine
A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619)
Directly Observed Therapy
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
South Africa
Rifamycins
Diarylquinolines
Models, Molecular
Tuberculosis, Endocrine
DNA Primers
Cloning, Molecular
Tuberculosis, Laryngeal
T-Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.
Truncated Hemoglobins
Hypersensitivity, Delayed
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Guinea Pigs
Gene Deletion
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Aminosalicylic Acid
HIV Infections
Molecular Probe Techniques
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Catalase
Mycobacterium haemophilum
Coinfection
Granuloma, Respiratory Tract
Colorimetry
Armadillos
DNA Probes
Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Cells, Cultured
Ofloxacin
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Rifabutin
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.
Mycobacteriaceae
Thioridazine
Specimen Handling
Toll-Like Receptor 2
Thioacetazone
A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217)
Nitrate Reductase
Lymphocyte Activation
Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.
Interferon-gamma Release Tests
Vaccination
Oxazoles
Galactans
Peritonitis, Tuberculous
Immunity, Cellular
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
Macrophage Activation
The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants.
Aerosols
Kanamycin
Cattle
Alanine Dehydrogenase
An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible DEAMINATION of L-ALANINE to PYRUVATE and AMMONIA. The enzyme is needed for growth when ALANINE is the sole CARBON or NITROGEN source. It may also play a role in CELL WALL synthesis because L-ALANINE is an important constituent of the PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer.
Emigration and Immigration
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Paleopathology
Disease Models, Animal
Radiography, Thoracic
Drug Resistance, Multiple
Macrophages, Alveolar
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Pleural Effusion
Genetic Complementation Test
Monocytes
Substrate Specificity
Cell-mediated immunity: dealing a direct blow to pathogens. (1/9979)
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are essential for defence against viral infections. Recent data demonstrating direct killing of intracellular bacteria by granulysin, a protein released from the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, emphasize the contribution of these lymphocytes to the control of tuberculosis. (+info)Surfactant protein A suppresses reactive nitrogen intermediates by alveolar macrophages in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (2/9979)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis attaches to, enters, and replicates within alveolar macrophages (AMs). Our previous studies suggest that surfactant protein A (SP-A) can act as a ligand in the attachment of M. tuberculosis to AMs. Reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs) play a significant role in the killing of mycobacteria. We have demonstrated that RNI levels generated by AMs were significantly increased when interferon-gamma-primed AMs were incubated with M. tuberculosis. However, the RNI levels were significantly suppressed in the presence of SP-A (10 microg/ml). The specificity of SP-A's effect was demonstrated by the use of F(ab')2 fragments of anti-SP-A monoclonal antibodies and by the use of mannosyl-BSA, which blocked the suppression of RNI levels by SP-A. Furthermore, incubation of deglycosylated SP-A with M. tuberculosis failed to suppress RNI by AMs, suggesting that the oligosaccharide component of SP-A, which binds to M. tuberculosis, is necessary for this effect. These results show that SP-A-mediated binding of M. tuberculosis to AMs significantly decreased RNI levels, suggesting that this may be one mechanism by which M. tuberculosis diminishes the cytotoxic response of activated AMs. (+info)Tuberculosis outbreaks in prison housing units for HIV-infected inmates--California, 1995-1996. (3/9979)
During 1995-1996, staff from the California departments of corrections and health services and local health departments investigated two outbreaks of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB). The outbreaks occurred in two state correctional institutions with dedicated HIV housing units. In each outbreak, all cases were linked by IS6110-based DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. This report describes the investigations of both outbreaks; the findings indicated that M. tuberculosis can spread rapidly among HIV-infected inmates and be transmitted to their visitors and prison employees, with secondary spread to the community. (+info)Influence of sampling on estimates of clustering and recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived from DNA fingerprinting techniques. (4/9979)
The availability of DNA fingerprinting techniques for Mycobacterium tuberculosis has led to attempts to estimate the extent of recent transmission in populations, using the assumption that groups of tuberculosis patients with identical isolates ("clusters") are likely to reflect recently acquired infections. It is never possible to include all cases of tuberculosis in a given population in a study, and the proportion of isolates found to be clustered will depend on the completeness of the sampling. Using stochastic simulation models based on real and hypothetical populations, the authors demonstrate the influence of incomplete sampling on the estimates of clustering obtained. The results show that as the sampling fraction increases, the proportion of isolates identified as clustered also increases and the variance of the estimated proportion clustered decreases. Cluster size is also important: the underestimation of clustering for any given sampling fraction is greater, and the variability in the results obtained is larger, for populations with small clusters than for those with the same number of individuals arranged in large clusters. A considerable amount of caution should be used in interpreting the results of studies on clustering of M. tuberculosis isolates, particularly when sampling fractions are small. (+info)A train passenger with pulmonary tuberculosis: evidence of limited transmission during travel. (5/9979)
In January 1996, smear- and culture-positive tuberculosis (TB) was diagnosed for a 22-year-old black man after he had traveled on two U.S. passenger trains (29.1 hours) and a bus (5.5 hours) over 2 days. To determine if transmission had occurred, passengers and crew were notified of the potential exposure and instructed to undergo a tuberculin skin test (TST). Of the 240 persons who completed screening, 4 (2%) had a documented TST conversion (increase in induration of > or = 10 mm between successive TSTs), 11 (5%) had a single positive TST (> or = 10 mm), and 225 (94%) had a negative TST (< 10 mm). For two persons who underwent conversion, no other risk factors for a conversion were identified other than exposure to the ill passenger during train and/or bus travel. These findings support limited transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a potentially highly infectious passenger to other persons during extended train and bus travel. (+info)Site-directed spin labeling study of subunit interactions in the alpha-crystallin domain of small heat-shock proteins. Comparison of the oligomer symmetry in alphaA-crystallin, HSP 27, and HSP 16.3. (6/9979)
Site-directed spin labeling was used to investigate quaternary interactions along a conserved sequence in the alpha-crystallin domain of alphaA-crystallin, heat-shock protein 27 (HSP 27), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-shock protein (HSP 16.3). In previous work, it was demonstrated that this sequence in alphaA-crystallin and HSP 27 forms a beta-strand involved in subunit contacts. In this study, the symmetry and geometry of the resulting interface were investigated. For this purpose, the pattern of spin-spin interactions was analyzed, and the number of interacting spins was determined in alphaA-crystallin and HSP 27. The results reveal a 2-fold symmetric interface consisting of two beta-strands interacting near their N termini in an antiparallel fashion. Remarkably, subunit interactions along this interface persist when the alpha-crystallin domains are expressed in isolation. Because this domain in alphaA-crystallin forms dimers and tetramers, it is inferred that interactions along this interface mediate the formation of a basic dimeric unit. In contrast, in HSP 16.3, spin-spin interactions are observed at only one site near the C terminus of the sequence. Furthermore, cysteine substitutions at residues flanking the N terminus resulted in the dissociation of the oligomeric structure. Analysis of the spin-spin interactions and size exclusion chromatography indicates a 3-fold symmetric interface. Taken together, our results demonstrate that subunit interactions in the alpha-crystallin domain of mammalian small heat-shock proteins assemble a basic building block of the oligomeric structure. Sequence divergence in this domain results in variations in the size and symmetry of the quaternary structure between distant members of the small heat-shock protein family. (+info)Comparison of synonymous codon distribution patterns of bacteriophage and host genomes. (7/9979)
Synonymous codon usage patterns of bacteriophage and host genomes were compared. Two indexes, G + C base composition of a gene (fgc) and fraction of translationally optimal codons of the gene (fop), were used in the comparison. Synonymous codon usage data of all the coding sequences on a genome are represented as a cloud of points in the plane of fop vs. fgc. The Escherichia coli coding sequences appear to exhibit two phases, "rising" and "flat" phases. Genes that are essential for survival and are thought to be native are located in the flat phase, while foreign-type genes from prophages and transposons are found in the rising phase with a slope of nearly unity in the fgc vs. fop plot. Synonymous codon distribution patterns of genes from temperate phages P4, P2, N15 and lambda are similar to the pattern of E. coli rising phase genes. In contrast, genes from the virulent phage T7 or T4, for which a phage-encoded DNA polymerase is identified, fall in a linear curve with a slope of nearly zero in the fop vs. fgc plane. These results may suggest that the G + C contents for T7, T4 and E. coli flat phase genes are subject to the directional mutation pressure and are determined by the DNA polymerase used in the replication. There is significant variation in the fop values of the phage genes, suggesting an adjustment to gene expression level. Similar analyses of codon distribution patterns were carried out for Haemophilus influenzae, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their phages with complete genomic sequences available. (+info)Fluoroquinolone action against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: effects of a C-8 methoxyl group on survival in liquid media and in human macrophages. (8/9979)
When the lethal action of a C-8 methoxyl fluoroquinolone against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in liquid medium was measured, the compound was found to be three to four times more effective (as determined by measuring the 90% lethal dose) than a C-8-H control fluoroquinolone or ciprofloxacin against cells having a wild-type gyrA (gyrase) gene. Against ciprofloxacin-resistant strains, the C-8 methoxyl group enhanced lethality when alanine was replaced by valine at position 90 of the GyrA protein or when aspartic acid 94 was replaced by glycine, histidine, or tyrosine. During infection of a human macrophage model by wild-type Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the C-8 methoxyl group lowered survival 20- to 100-fold compared with the same concentration of a C-8-H fluoroquinolone. The C-8 methoxyl fluoroquinolone was also more effective than ciprofloxacin against a gyrA Asn94 mutant of M. bovis BCG. In an M. tuberculosis-macrophage system the C-8 methoxyl group improved fluoroquinolone action against both quinolone-susceptible and quinolone-resistant clinical isolates. Thus, a C-8 methoxyl group enhances the bactericidal activity of quinolones with N1-cyclopropyl substitutions; these data encourage further refinement of fluoroquinolones as antituberculosis agents. (+info)
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Translational Studies of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-Induced Lung and Pleural Fibrosis
- Taipei Medical University
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Revaccination of Adults with Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Induces Long-Lived BCG...
Role of MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping in assessing the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Henan Province, China |...
Five Years Evaluation of the BD ProbeTec System for the Direct Molecular Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in...
Middlebrook 7H11 Agar, Thin Pour - Microscopic Procedure - for early detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth
Mycobacterial tuberculosis Enzyme Targets and their Inhibitors | Bentham Science
Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis | definition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis by Medical dictionary
Use of immunochromatographic assay for rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from liquid culture
|...
Peptides derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2301 protein are involved in invasion to human epithelial cells and...
Identification of serum biomarker associated with pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV infected individuals
Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates from Greek Patients with Sarcoidosis by Spoligotyping | Journal...
Stable isoniazid derivatives: In silico studies, synthesis and biological assessment against mycobacterium tuberculosis in...
In vitro effect of three-drug combinations of antituberculous agents against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis...
Molecular analysis of the prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup) conjugation pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis<...
Evaluation of the anti- mycobacterium tuberculosis activity and in vivo acute toxicity of Annona sylvatic | BMC Complementary...
Recommendations for Use of an Isoniazid-Rifapentine Regimen with Direct Observation to Treat Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis...
Effect of ascorbic acid on Mycobacterium tuberculosis biofilms [PeerJ Preprints]
Mycobacteriology Research Center - 2016
Evaluation of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting
Review of False-Positive Cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Recommendations for Avoiding Unnecessary Treatment :...
Defining the role of efflux pump inhibitors on anti-TB drugs in Rifampicin resistant clinical Mycobacterium Tuberculosis...
Safety and immunogenicity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ΔlysA ΔpanCD vaccine in domestic cats infected with feline...
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - 0407 Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA and genetic markers for Isoniazid...
A Defined Tuberculosis Vaccine Candidate Boosts BCG and Protects Against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis |...
Antibacterial Activity of Aristolochia brevipes against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis - pdf descargar
DIGITAL.CSIC: Spatio-temporal trends of Iberian wild boar contact with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detected by ELISA
Detection of a streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium bovis strain through antitubercular drug susceptibility testing of Tunisian...
The extreme sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the front-line antituberculosis drug isoniazid | Nature Biotechnology
Evaluating the effect of Dracocephalum kotschyi methanol extract on Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pasakbumin A controls the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enhancing the autophagy and production of antibacterial...
Transmission dynamics study of tuberculosis isolates with whole genome sequencing in southern Sweden
Interaction of Erp Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Rv2212 Enhances Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis...
Molecular characterization of Sardinian Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism,...
Host-pathogen Interactions During Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) | J. Craig Venter Institute
Type i IFN inhibits alternative macrophage activation during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and leads to enhanced...
AB0446 A comparative study of quantiferon TB-2G and 3G as screening examination for latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection...
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis 19-Kilodalton Lipoprotein Inhibits Gamma Interferon-Regulated HLA-DR and FcγR1 on Human...
Synthesis and Activity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of Olivacine and Oxygenated Derivatives[v2] | Preprints
Para-Aminosalicylic Acid Acts as an Alternative Substrate of Folate Metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Science
Lipoarabinomannan, a possible virulence factor involved in persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within macrophages. |...
Dxr is essential in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and fosmidomycin resistance is due to a lack of uptake | BMC Microbiology | Full...
IN VITRO STUDY OF URSOLIC ACID COMBINATION FIRST-LINE ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AGAINST DRUG-SENSITIVE AND DRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS...
Chemical disarming of isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis - AMR Insights
Point mutations in the DNA- and cNMP-binding domains of the homologue of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in Mycobacterium bovis...
M.D. | Division of Infectious Diseases | Albert Einstein College of Medicine
High-throughput discovery of mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MptpB) inhibitors using click chemistry...
Role of undecaprenyl phosphokinase in mycobacteria
DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS: RECENT APPROACH IN POLYMER BASED NANOMEDICINE
| International Journal of Pharmacy and...
Antigen processing
Deretic, V., & Fratti, R. A. (1999). Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome. Molecular microbiology, 31(6), 1603-1609. Chicago ... Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits phagosome-endosome fusion, thus avoiding being destroyed by the harsh environment of the ...
Interactome
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis interactome has been analyzed using a bacterial two-hybrid screen (B2H). ...
List of pathogens by size
"Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Tuberculosis". Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology.. ...
Recombineering
van Kessel J. C., Hatfull G. F. (2007). "Recombineering in Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Nature Methods. 4 (2): 147-152. doi: ... To date, recombineering has been performed in E. coli, S. enterica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, S. cerevisiae and M. tuberculosis. ... van Kessel J. C., Hatfull G. F. (2008). "Efficient point mutagenesis in mycobacteria using single-stranded DNA recombineering: ... van Kessel J. C., Marinelli L. J., Hatfull G. F. (2008). "Recombineering mycobacteria and their phages". Nature Reviews ...
Resistencia a antibióticos, a enciclopedia libre
Mycobacterium tuberculosis[editar , editar a fonte]. A tuberculose está incrementándose en todo o mundo, especialmente nos ... Zainuddin ZF, Dale JW (1990). "Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis have plasmids?". Tubercle 71 (1): 43-9. PMID 2115217. doi: ... Mycobacterium tuberculosis, axiña desenvolveu resistencia. Desde entón, utilizáronse fármacos como a isoniazida e a rifampina. ... Gao, Qian; Li, Xia (2010). "Transmission of MDR tuberculosis". Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms 7: e61. doi:10.1016/j. ...
List of infectious diseases
Tuberculosis usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tularemia Francisella tularensis Typhoid fever Salmonella enterica subsp. ...
Teixobactin
It also killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It was also found to be effective in vivo, when used to treat mice infected with ... Teixobactin was shown to kill Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In January 2015, a collaboration of four ... tuberculosis was generated in vitro when administering sublethal doses, for as long as 27 days in the case of the former. It is ...
Brahm Shanker Srivastava
"Protection by live Mycobacterium habana vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv challenge in mice". The Indian Journal ... "Selective identification of new therapeutic targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by IVIAT approach". Tuberculosis. 82 (4-5): ... Bacterial genetics Mycobacterium tuberculosis India portal Medicine portal Long link - please select award year to see details ... "Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific DNA fragment". Justia Patents. 2017. World Intellectual Property Organization (2001). ...
MUBII-TB-DB
"Mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: update 2015". The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung ... It is a highly structured, text-based database focusing on Mycobacterium tuberculosis at seven different mutation loci: rpoB, ... Heym, B (February 1997). "Multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 8 ... "Molecular basis and mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: classical and new drugs". Journal of ...
Aspartyltransferase
Jayaram HN, Ramakrishnan T, Vaidyanathan CS (1969). "Aspartotransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra". Indian J. ...
List of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an obligate pathogen that has evolved to ensure its persistence in human populations. This is ... Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid, rifampin, and other common treatments has become an increasingly ... Brites, D; Gagneux, S (2013-04-17). "Co-evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Homo sapiens, Brites, D., & Gagneux, S. ( ... Zainuddin ZF, Dale JW (1990). "Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis have plasmids?". Tubercle. 71 (1): 43-9. doi:10.1016/0041-3879( ...
Thioredoxin reductase
Phulera S, Mande SC (June 2013). "The crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis NrdH at 0.87 Å suggests a possible mode ... Phulera S, Akif M, Sardesai AA, Mande SC (2014-01-01). "Redox Proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Journal of the Indian ... This is especially true for Mycobacterium Haemophilum, and could be used for antibiotic resistant bacteria. Mustacich D, Powis ...
Ethna Gaffney
"ISONIAZID-RESISTANT STRAINS OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS." The Lancet 261.6768 (1953): 978-979". The Lancet. 262 (6768): 253- ... on the chemotherapy of tuberculosis. In addition, she lectured on dietetics to 2nd-year Social Science students at Trinity. Her ...
Warburg hypothesis
Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Recently it has been shown that chronic infection of M. tuberculosis ... Tuberculosis. 126 (January): 102046. doi:10.1016/j.tube.2020.102046. Alfarouk, KO; Verduzco, D; Rauch, C; Muddathir, AK; Adil, ... Tuberculosis. 126 (January): 102046. doi:10.1016/j.tube.2020.102046. PMID 33421909. Warburg O (24 February 1956). "On the ... Ex-vivo infection of non-pathogenic mycobacteria (M.bovis) in PBMCs and THP-1 macrophage increase glucose uptake, glucose ...
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a species of Mycobacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an ... Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium africanum and members of the Mycobacterium ... Mycobacterium bovis causes tuberculosis in cattle. Since tuberculosis can be spread to humans, milk is pasteurized to kill any ... Soon after Koch's discovery, Paul Ehrlich developed a stain for mycobacterium tuberculosis, called the alum hematoxylin stain. ...
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Mycobacterium tuberculosis could also cause WFS. Tubercular invasion of the adrenal glands could cause hemorrhagic destruction ...
Decaprenyl-phosphate phosphoribosyltransferase
It is isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Huang H, Scherman MS, D'Haeze W, Vereecke D, Holsters M, Crick DC, McNeil MR ( ... July 2005). "Identification and active expression of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene encoding 5-phospho-{alpha}-d-ribose-1- ...
Mycobacteriophage
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a once genetically intractable organism. In Molecular Genetics of the Mycobacteria, ed. GF Hatfull ... While originally isolated from the bacterial species Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative ... Jones Jr, W. D. (1975). "Phage typing report of 125 strains of "Mycobacterium tuberculosis"". Annali Sclavo; rivista di ... Froman S, Will DW, Bogen E (October 1954). "Bacteriophage active against virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. I. Isolation and ...
Allergic conjunctivitis
aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Chlamydia and Candida. A detailed history allows doctors to determine whether the ...
Trans,polycis-decaprenyl diphosphate synthase
"Polyprenyl phosphate biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis". Journal of Bacteriology. 182 (20 ... Kaur D, Brennan PJ, Crick DC (November 2004). "Decaprenyl diphosphate synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Journal of ...
Isocitrate lyase
... as well as for the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the major causative agent of tuberculosis. In this latter case, ICL ... "Potential inhibitors for isocitrate lyase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-M. tuberculosis: a summary". BioMed Research ... "Selection of genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis upregulated during residence in lungs of infected mice". Tuberculosis. 88 (3 ... "Characterization of activity and expression of isocitrate lyase in Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Journal ...
Mycocerosate synthase
Rainwater DL, Kolattukudy PE (1985). "Fatty acid biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin ...
Pyrazinoic acid
Pyrazinamid is currently used as a treatment for tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis converts pyrazinamid into pyrazinoic ... "Synthesis and evaluation of a pyrazinoic acid prodrug in Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 22 (4): 376 ... "Pyrazinoic acid inhibits a bifunctional enzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 61 (7). ... The use of pyrazinoic acid has been investigated as a possible treatment for pyrazinamid resistant strains of Mycobacterium ...
Catalase-peroxidase
"Crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (37): 38991-9. ...
LAG3
"LAG3 expression in active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections". The American Journal of Pathology. 185 (3): 820-33. doi: ... working at the Tulane National Primate Research Center showed in rhesus macaques that Mycobacterium tuberculosis could work ...
Reverse zoonosis
"Environmental Presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Aggregation Points at the Wildlife/Livestock Interface". ... "Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission from human to canine". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10 (12): 2258-2210. doi:10.3201/ ... Some boars and deer shared the same strains of tuberculosis which were similar to those found in livestock and humans ... This spurred a nation-wide epidemic, but because tuberculosis isn't a disease that's typically transmitted from animals to ...
Tolerance to infections
How the Host Withstands Persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Frontiers in Immunology. 9: 2094. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02094 ... For example, 90% of people infected with tuberculosis experience no symptoms. Similarly, many humans tolerate helminth ...
Host tropism
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a human-tropic bacterium that causes tuberculosis - the second most common cause of death due to ... Smith, Issar (2003-07-01). "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Molecular Determinants of Virulence". Clinical ... "The cell envelope glycoconjugates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 49 (5 ... M. tuberculosis enters the lung alveoler passages through aerosol droplets, and it then becomes phagocytosed by macrophages. ...
Shekhar C. Mande
Structural characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins. *Computational analysis of genome-wide protein:protein ...
Ulcer na buruli, ang malayang ensiklopedya
Ang bakterya ay mula sa parehong pamilya na dahilan din ng tuberculosis at ketong (Ang M. tuberculosis at M. leprae, ayon sa ... "Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection) Fact sheet N°199". World Health Organization. June 2013. Hinango noong 23 ... Sizaire V, Nackers F, Comte E, Portaels F (2006). "Mycobacterium ulcerans infection: control, diagnosis, and treatment". Lancet ... Nakanaga, K; Yotsu, RR; Hoshino, Y; Suzuki, K; Makino, M; Ishii, N (2013). "Buruli ulcer and mycolactone-producing mycobacteria ...
Pulmonya, ang malayang ensiklopedya
Ang kaunti sa mga uri ng bakterya tulad ng Mycobacterium tuberculosis at Legionella pneumophila ay nakakarating sa baga sa ... at ang pag-culture para sa Mycobacterium tuberculosis ay dapat isagawa sa mga taong mayroong hindi gumagaling na ubong may ... mga organismong nabubuhay ng walang oxygen at Mycobacterium tuberculosis; pinapataas ng paninigarilyo ang probabilidad ng mga ...
Forskel mellem versioner af "Antibiotikaresistens", den frie encyklopædi
Tuberkulose,''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'']], multiresistente bakterier er udbredt i Østeuropa,ref,[http://videnskab.dk/krop- ...
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
... which can generally kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis). MAP is susceptible to antibiotics used to treat Mycobacterium avium ... amended description of Mycobacterium avium, and description of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium subsp. nov., Mycobacterium ... Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is an obligate pathogenic bacterium in the genus Mycobacterium.[1] It is ... nov., and Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum subsp. nov". Int J Syst Bacteriol. 40 (3): 254-60. doi:10.1099/00207713-40-3- ...
Health professional
Exposure to respiratory infectious diseases like tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and influenza can be ... Tuberculosis (TB) screening, testing, and education[edit]. Based on recommendations from The Center for Disease Control and ... 3.1 Tuberculosis (TB) screening, testing, and education *3.1.1 Initial hiring process ...
Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles
... multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) - mutation - myalgia - mycobacterium - mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) - ... HIV-related tuberculosis - HLA - Hodgkin's disease - holistic medicine - homology (biology) - hormone - host - host factors - ...
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Miliary tuberculosis. *Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection. *Mycobacterium haemophilum infection. * ...
Pasteur Institute
Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin discovered how to culture the tuberculosis bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (so called ... the bovine tuberculosis germ grown with their method was the principal prophylactic weapon against human tuberculosis, and it ... Calmette's and Guerin's anti-tuberculosis vaccineEdit. By the beginning of the 20th century, the improvement of the general ... The environment deemed appropriate for the denaturation of the Mycobacterium bovis was a compost of potatoes cooked in the bile ...
Hepatit - Vikipedi
Mycobacterium tuberculosis[31]. *Nocardia[32]. *Novosphingobium aromaticivorans[33][34][35][36]. *Orientia tsutsugamushi[37][38 ...
Innate immune system - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
They kill both gram negative and gram positive bacteria, mycobacteria (including Mycobacterium tuberculosis), enveloped viruses ...
Zoonosis
Tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle, deer, llamas, pigs, domestic cats, wild carnivores (foxes, coyotes) and ... Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium lepromatosis armadillos, monkeys, rabbits, mice[34]. direct contact, including meat ... Various forms of the common cold and tuberculosis also are adaptations of strains originating in other species. ...
History of leprosy
These differences suggested that leprosy was caused by an organism related to but distinct from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ... Mycobacterium tuberculosis). There were three significant differences between these organisms: (1) the rods in the leprosy ... Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, was discovered by G. H. Armauer Hansen in Norway in 1873, making it the ... In 1873 G. H. Armauer Hansen in Norway discovered the causative agent of leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae. This was the first ...
Innate immune system
One strategy is intracellular replication, as practised by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or wearing a protective capsule, which ... M. tuberculosis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Bacillus anthracis utilize mechanisms that directly kill the phagocyte.[citation ...
Autophagy
Intracellular pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the bacterium which is responsible for tuberculosis) are targeted ... "Autophagy in immunity against mycobacterium tuberculosis: a model system to dissect immunological roles of autophagy". Curr. ...
Tuberkuloza
Skupina M. tuberculosis (MTBC) obuhvaća još četiri mikobakterije: Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium ... Druge patogene mikobakterije su Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium avium, i Mycobacterium kansasii. Posljednje dvije se ... Mycobacterium tuberculosis je u divljih životinja rijetkost.[131] Suzbijanje govedske tuberkuloze, uzrokovane s Mycobacterium ... "Genetic Biodiversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Strains from Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Cameroon". J. ...
Autophagy
Intracellular pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the bacterium which is responsible for tuberculosis) are targeted ... "Autophagy is a defense mechanism inhibiting BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected macrophages". Cell. 119 (6 ... "Autophagy in immunity against mycobacterium tuberculosis: a model system to dissect immunological roles of autophagy". Current ...
Growth medium
Mycobacterium tuberculosis *Löwenstein-Jensen medium. *Middlebrook 7H9 Broth. *Middlebrook 7H10 Agar. *Middlebrook 7H11 Agar ...
Eales disease
However, in a significant number of patients, DNA of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by PCR. It is ... "Further investigations on the association of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Eales' disease". Indian J Ophthalmol. 50 (1): 35-9 ...
Medical microbiology
This technique is used for diagnosing parasites and detecting mycobacteria.[27]. *Cell culture: Human or animal cell cultures ... Tuberculosis[11]. Viral[edit]. *Rotavirus[12]. *Hepatitis C[13]. *Human papillomavirus (HPV)[14] ... "Safe inoculation of blood and bone marrow for liquid culture detection of mycobacteria". Occupational Medicine. 54 (8): 530-3. ...
Abscess
Miliary tuberculosis. *Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection. *Mycobacterium haemophilum infection. * ...
Dairy
Tuberculosis is able to be transmitted from cattle mainly via milk products that are unpasteurised. The disease has been ... Naser SA; Collins MT (December 2005). "Debate on the lack of evidence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Crohn's ... May 2005). "Detection of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in retail pasteurized whole milk by two culture ... "Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Crohn's disease and the Doomsday scenario". Gut Pathogens. BioMed Central. 1 ...
Type IV hypersensitivity
"Pathogenesis of tuberculosis: interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with macrophages". Infect. Immun. 61 (7): 2763-2773. ... An example of a tuberculosis (TB) infection that comes under control: M. tuberculosis cells are engulfed by macrophages after ... tuberculosis by forming phagolysosomes and nitric oxide radicals. The hyper-activated macrophages secrete TNF-α which recruits ... being identified as foreign, but due to an immuno-escape mechanism peculiar to mycobacteria,[4] TB bacteria are able to block ...
ക്ഷയം - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Mycobacterium africanum), മൈക്കോബാക്റ്റീരിയം കാനെറ്റി (Mycobacterium canetti), മൈക്കോബാക്റ്റീരിയം മൈക്രോറ്റി (Mycobacterium ... Kabra, [edited by] Vimlesh Seth, S.K. (2006). Essentials of tuberculosis in children (3rd ed. ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Bros. ... Lawn, SD (2 July 2011). "Tuberculosis". Lancet. 378 (9785): 57-72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62173-3. PMID 21420161.. Unknown ... ആംഗലേയഭാഷയിൽ Tuberculosis (ചുരുക്കെഴുത്ത്: TB - Tubercle Bacillus എന്ന അർത്ഥത്തിൽ) ക്ഷയരോഗം പ്രധാനമായും ശ്വാസകോശങ്ങളെയാണ് ...
Tuberkulóza - Wikipedie
Podrobnější informace naleznete v článku Mycobacterium tuberculosis.. Hlavním původcem tuberkulózy, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ... Genetic biodiversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains from persons with pulmonary tuberculosis in Cameroon. ... A pantothenate auxotroph of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is highly attenuated and protects mice against tuberculosis. Nature ... Dalšími známými zástupci z rodu Mycobacterium jsou M. leprae, komplex Mycobacterium avium a M. kansasii. Poslední dvě zmíněné ...
Kasutaja:Mariina/Lapseea aktiivsus- ja tähelepanuhäire - Vikipeedia
Märkus: IQ TBM rühmas keskmiselt 71,67; tuberkuloosset meningiiti võib esineda 6 kuud peale Mycobacterium tuberculosis 'e ... J. W. V. Wait, L. Stanton J. F. Schoeman, Attention-Deficit Tuberculosis Meningitis and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity ...
Interleukin 15
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Candida albicans (Figure 2).[14] ...
Kategori:Rintisan bertopik bakteri bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Mycobacterium avium complex. *Mycobacterium leprae. *Mycobacterium tuberculosis. *Mycoplasma. O. *Oceanospirillales. P. * ...
आइसीडी-१० अध्याय ब - विकिपीडिया
A18.3) Tuberculosis of intestines, peritoneum and mesenteric glands. *(A18.4) Tuberculosis of skin and subcutaneous tissue * ... A31.) Infection due to other mycobacteria *(A31.0) Pulmonary mycobacterial infection *Infection due to Mycobacterium avium ... A15-A19) Tuberculosis[संपादित करें]. *(A15.) Respiratory tuberculosis, bacteriologically and histologically confirmed ... A16.) Respiratory tuberculosis, not confirmed bacteriologically or histologically. *(A17.) Tuberculosis of nervous system *(A ...
Immunologic adjuvant
Freund's complete adjuvant is a solution of inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mineral oil developed in 1930. It is not ...
Rifampicină
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Linia I. Izoniazidă# • Etambutol# • Pirazinamidă# • Rifamicine (Rifampicină# • Rifabutină • ... datorită spectrului extins pe Mycobacterium, sunt: tuberculoza, infecțiile cu Mycobacterium avium complex, lepra și boala ... Tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment. Wallingford, Oxfordshire: CAB International. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-84593-807-9.. ...
BovisStrainsH37RvGenomeOrganismPulmonaryBacteriaIsolatesBacteriumSpeciesAntigensPathogenProteinMacrophagesAnti-tuberculosisVaccineSmegmatisCausative agent of tuberculosisPathogensMicrobiologyAgent of tuberculosisIntracellularMycobacteriaceaeAfricanumGenusAviumActive tuberculosisProteinsGeneInfectionsPersistencePolymerase chain reDetectionTuberculin skinTransmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosisMolecular2002ComplexMultidrug-ResistantAntigenZopfResistanceNontuberculousVirulenceMacrophageGenesHumansAssayLungsCauses tuberculosisMetabolismIdentificationLatent tuberculosis infectionInfectious diseaseSputumNCBIInfectPathogenesis
Bovis30
- However, as with M. tuberculosis , not everyone infected with M. bovis becomes sick. (cdc.gov)
- M. bovis is treated similarly to M. tuberculosis . (cdc.gov)
- In fact, healthcare providers might not know that a person has M. bovis instead of M. tuberculosis . (cdc.gov)
- No. The Cooperative State-Federal Tuberculosis Eradication Program, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture, state animal health agencies, and U.S. livestock producers, has nearly eliminated M. bovis infection from cattle in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- The distribution of 20 variable regions resulting from insertion-deletion events in the genomes of the tubercle bacilli has been evaluated in a total of 100 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Mycobacterium africanum , Mycobacterium canettii , Mycobacterium microti , and Mycobacterium bovis . (pnas.org)
- Furthermore, successive loss of DNA, reflected by region of difference 9 and other subsequent deletions, was identified for an evolutionary lineage represented by M. africanum , M. microti , and M. bovis that diverged from the progenitor of the present M. tuberculosis strains before TbD1 occurred. (pnas.org)
- These findings contradict the often-presented hypothesis that M. tuberculosis, the etiological agent of human tuberculosis evolved from M. bovis , the agent of bovine disease. (pnas.org)
- M. canettii and ancestral M. tuberculosis strains lack none of these deleted regions, and, therefore, seem to be direct descendants of tubercle bacilli that existed before the M. africanum→M. bovis lineage separated from the M. tuberculosis lineage. (pnas.org)
- Assuming that they all are derived from a common ancestor, it is intriguing that some are exclusively human ( M. tuberculosis , Mycobacterium africanum , Mycobacterium canettii ) or rodent pathogens ( Mycobacterium microti ), whereas others have a wide host spectrum ( Mycobacterium bovis ). (pnas.org)
- Also, it has been speculated that M. tuberculosis , the most widespread etiological agent of human tuberculosis has evolved from M. bovis , the agent of bovine tuberculosis, by specific adaptation of an animal pathogen to the human host ( 3 ). (pnas.org)
- M. tuberculosis was found in 2019 a complex that has at least 9 members: M. tuberculosis sensu stricto, M. africanum, M. canetti, M. bovis, M. caprae, M. microti, M. pinnipedii, M. mungi, and M. orygis. (wikipedia.org)
- M. tuberculosis belongs to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, that also includes bacteria , such as M. bovis and M. africanum . (wikidoc.org)
- This complex includes M. tuberculosis , M. bovis , M. africanum , M. canetti , and M. microti . (wikidoc.org)
- Collins DM, Wilson T, Campbell S, Buddle BM, Wards BJ, Hotter G, De Lisle GW: Production of avirulent mutants of Mycobacterium bovis with vaccine properties by the use of illegitimate recombination and screening of stationary-phase cultures. (springer.com)
- pckA -deficient Mycobacterium bovis BCG shows attenuated virulence in mice and in macrophages. (springer.com)
- While M. tuberculosis complex strains responsible for tuberculosis have been the subject of much investigation (including M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canettii, M. microti, M. caprae, and M. pinnipedii ), the host-pathogen interactions of NTMs remain poorly characterized. (jcvi.org)
- In this context, we are interested in M. tuberculosis and M. bovis transmission between livestock to human. (jcvi.org)
- The usage of alternative synonymous codons in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (and M. bovis) genes has been investigated. (diva-portal.org)
- Field epidemiology studies has established that some phylogenetic lineages of tubercle bacilli, such as the Mycobacterium bovis or the Mycobacterium canettii strains, are impaired in their capacity to transmit in human. (ipbs.fr)
- Acr2 protein was strongly recognized by cattle with early primary Mycobacterium bovis infection and by healthy MTB-sensitized people. (jimmunol.org)
- Is Mycobacterium bovis in the environment important for the persistence of bovine tuberculosis? (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle and wildlife. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a persistent problem among UK cattle herds. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- In this study, we apply molecular techniques to quantify the occurrence of mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and in particular M. bovis , in badger sources on farms in the UK. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- Risk factors for human Mycobacterium bovis infections in an urban area of Brazil. (bioportfolio.com)
- The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified human zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium bovis as a neglected issue in the developing world. (bioportfolio.com)
- Tuberculosis of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges (TUBERCULOSIS, MENINGEAL), most often caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and rarely by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. (bioportfolio.com)
- The IDEXX M. bovis Ab Test (USDA) is intended for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis ( M. bovis ) antibody in cattle serum and plasma samples. (idexx.com)
- Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis ( M. bovis ), continues to be an important livestock disease in many countries, and its control and eradication is complicated by the lack of sensitive tests as well as the presence of significant wildlife reservoirs. (idexx.com)
- Although infection with any member of the MTB-complex can lead to pulmonary tuberculosis, M. bovis is the cause of active pulmonary tuberculosis in less than 2% of subjects in the United States [Ref. 1], and members of MTB - complex other than M. bovis and M. tuberculosis are even less common causes of disease. (fda.gov)
Strains24
- To define the global population structure of M. tuberculosis , we performed genomic deletion analysis on a global sample of 875 strains originating from 80 countries ( Table 1 and Table 3, which is published as supporting information on the PNAS web site). (pnas.org)
- This sample included strains isolated from foreign-born tuberculosis patients in San Francisco who contracted the infection in their country of origin and was complemented with geographically representative strains from other reference collections. (pnas.org)
- The deletions RD9 and TbD1 are genotyping tools have recently identifi ed several polymor- useful phylogenetic markers for other members of MTBC phisms in the MTBC genome that have provided insight complex and ancestral M. tuberculosis strains ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis RD-Rio strains are still rare in http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12328-015-0600-0 the former Soviet Union countries and Asia. (cdc.gov)
- This approach showed that the majority of these polymorphisms did not occur independently in the different strains of the M. tuberculosis complex but, rather, resulted from ancient, irreversible genetic events in common progenitor strains. (pnas.org)
- Based on the presence or absence of an M. tuberculosis specific deletion (TbD1), M. tuberculosi s strains can be divided into ancestral and "modern" strains, the latter comprising representatives of major epidemics like the Beijing, Haarlem, and African M. tuberculosis clusters. (pnas.org)
- In the present study, we have analyzed the distribution of these 20 variable regions situated around the genome (see Table 1, which is published as supporting information on the PNAS web site, www.pnas.org ) in a representative and diverse set of 100 strains belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex. (pnas.org)
- Rifampin heteroresistance-where rifampin-resistant and -susceptible tuberculosis (TB) bacilli coexist-may result in failed standard TB treatment and potential spread of rifampin-resistant strains. (asm.org)
- The current TB epidemic is being sustained and fuelled by two important factors: the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its association with active TB disease and increasing resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to the most effective (first-line) anti-TB drugs [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The emergence of new strains of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis has created new interest in clinical diagnosis. (abcam.com)
- However, in some cases, no host immune impairment is evident, and the question arises whether some disease-causing strains of M. tuberculosis have means to resist the toxic molecules produced by activated macrophages. (rupress.org)
- Some of these derivatives showed higher in vitro activity than rifabutin and rifampicin against not only Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains but also against MAC and Mycobacterium kansasii. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The recent human immunodeficiency virus pandemic, the selection of multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis , and the increased immigration from countries with a high tuberculosis incidence, coupled with increasing poverty and homelessness in these countries, have awakened the developed nations from the widespread apathy toward tuberculosis ( 36 ). (asm.org)
- Objective: To analyze characterization of the rpoBgene mutations of Mycobacterium tuber- culosis isolated from China and to explore the association of specific mutations conferring rifampicin (RIF) resistance with Beijing genotype strains. (scirp.org)
- 1994) Characterization by automated DNA sequencing of mutations in the gene (rpoB) encoding the RNA polymerase beta subunit in rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from New York City and Texas. (scirp.org)
- A naturally occurring antibiotic called kanglemycin A is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, even in drug-resistant strains, according to an international team of researchers who used chemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, and X-ray crystallography to show how the compound maintains its activity. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- Rifampicin is already part of the cocktail of antibiotics used to treat tuberculosis, but many strains of the tuberculosis-causing bacteria have developed resistance to it,' Murakami said. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- they came to the conclusion that the strains causing TB in people was created by this means over a period of time and might also explain the great functional differences in mycobacterium tuberclurosis that Sarah was talking about. (scienceblogs.com)
- The widespread prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are resistant to drugs currently used to treat TB means that new drugs are urgently needed to treat these infections. (asm.org)
- New and effective drugs are required, as existing drugs have become suboptimal in many settings due to the requirement for protracted periods of treatment and the emergence of multiple- and extensively drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis ( 4 , 5 ). (asm.org)
- Spread of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing genotype in the Archangel Oblast, Russia. (springer.com)
- In parallel, we have contributed to demonstrate that the loss of a bacterial surface glycolipid enhances the virulence of M. canettii strains and was likely associated with the emergence of M. tuberculosis as major pathogen for humans. (ipbs.fr)
- The presence in a geographic area of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains belonging to different phylogeographic lineages and showing different drug susceptibility patterns may suggest recent tran. (bioportfolio.com)
- Nancy Hilda, J., Selvaraj, A. and Das, S. D. (2012), Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv is more effective compared to vaccine strains in modulating neutrophil functions: an in vitro study. (wiley.com)
H37Rv9
- Re-annotation of the genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. (wikipedia.org)
- Differential hybridization arrays identified 14 regions of difference (RD1-14), ranging in size from 2 to 12.7 kb, that were absent from bacillus Calmette-Guérin Pasteur relative to M. tuberculosis H37Rv ( 5 , 6 ). (pnas.org)
- Designation of strain H37Rv as the neotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (atcc.org)
- In vitro activities of fourteen antimicrobial agents against drug susceptible and resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and comparative intracellular activities against the virulent H37Rv strain in human macrophages. (atcc.org)
- F ) IFN-γ expression by CD4 + T cells in isolated pulmonary cell cultures restimulated with ESAT6 or M. tuberculosis H37Rv (M.tb). (jci.org)
- M. tuberculosis can be isolated in labs and stored at -80 degrees to be studied extensively, and the most commonly used strain of M. tuberculosis is the H37Rv strain. (kenyon.edu)
- The genome of M. tuberculosis was studied generally using the strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv . (kenyon.edu)
- O gene hspX foi amplificado pela PCR a partir do DNA do M. tuberculosis H37Rv, clonado no vetor de expressão pFPCA1GFP, e a proteína HspX expressa em M. smegmatis mc 2 155. (usp.br)
- The gene hspX was amplified by PCR from DNA of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and cloned into the expression vector pFPCA1GFP. (usp.br)
Genome16
- Data on whole genome sequencing of extrapulmonary tuberculosis clinical isolates from India. (nih.gov)
- Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence. (wikipedia.org)
- No horizontal gene transfer has pks15/1 gene and other SNPs, Gagneaux and Small were been reported in MTBC, and the genome is more highly able to confi rm these M. tuberculosis lineages and 2 lineag- conserved than other pathogenic bacteria ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- However, both hypotheses were proposed before the whole genome sequence of M. tuberculosis ( 4 ) was available and before comparative genomics uncovered several variable genomic regions in the members of the M. tuberculosis complex. (pnas.org)
- M. tuberculosis has devoted a large part of its genome towards functions that allow it to successfully establish latent or progressive infection in the majority of infected individuals. (hindawi.com)
- The M. tuberculosis genome was sequenced in 1998. (wikipedia.org)
- Database of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome sequences and related information. (wikipedia.org)
- A. Zvi, N. Ariel, J. Fulkerson, J. C. Sadoff, and A. Shafferman, "Whole genome identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine candidates by comprehensive data mining and bioinformatic analyses," BMC Medical Genomics , vol. 1, pp. 1-18, 2008. (hindawi.com)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains at least nine small RNA families in its genome. (wikipedia.org)
- Genetic variances in the M. tuberculosis genome lead to important phenotypical changes. (wikidoc.org)
- This work provides an authoritative catalog of essential regions of the M. tuberculosis genome and a statistical framework for applying saturating mutagenesis to other bacteria. (nih.gov)
- The M. tuberculosis genome ( 14 , 29 ) encodes about 190 transcriptional regulators: 13 σ factors, 11 two-component systems, 5 unpaired response regulators, 11 protein kinases ( 3 ), and more than 140 other putative transcriptional regulators ( 9 ). (asm.org)
- There was a long period of inactivity, but more recent developments in NMR and mass spectral analysis and definition of the M. tuberculosis genome have resulted in a thorough understanding, not only of the structure of the mycobacterial cell wall and its lipids but also the basic genetics and biosynthesis. (biomedsearch.com)
- Definition of the genome of M. tuberculosis has greatly aided efforts to define the biosynthetic pathways for all of these exotic molecules: the mycolic acids, the mycocerosates, phthiocerol, LAM, and the polyprenyl phosphates. (biomedsearch.com)
- This is particularly very helpful in the case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a large part of its genome without known function. (physiciansweekly.com)
- We here grow a high-density mutant library of M. tuberculosis through serial cultures and monitor the temporal fluctuations in insertion frequencies across all TA dinucleotides in the genome. (physiciansweekly.com)
Organism8
- This study, conducted at the University of Mali in the capital city of Bamako, will investigate how the body reacts to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the organism that causes tuberculosis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the causative organism for TB, is spread via aerosolized nuclei from individuals with TB disease (pulmonary or rarely upper airway, e.g. laryngeal TB). (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- As much as one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yet relatively little is known about how the organism manages to persist for so long, sometimes for decades, in so many people. (scienceblogs.com)
- Although incomplete, as many enzymes of M. tuberculosis have yet to be identified and characterized, this is the first report of a large number of essential molecules of the organism. (asm.org)
- As an illustration of this approach, we report that compounds JFD01307SC and l -methionine- S -sulfoximine, which share chemical similarity with an essential molecule of M. tuberculosis , inhibited the growth of this organism at micromolar concentrations. (asm.org)
- The role of HspX protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in regulation of genes involved with morphological adaptation to mycobacterial dormancy, with Mycobacterium smegmatis as model organism. (usp.br)
- Structural analysis proved that the closed conformation of the fourth domain is important for the product formation, hence inhibition of the flexibility of this domain by binding to drug molecules with high affinity may inhibit the activity of the protein to counter deadly tuberculosis organism. (ssrn.com)
- In some people, this organism overcomes the defenses of the immune system, resulting in progression from latent tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis disease (TB). (fda.gov)
Pulmonary12
- Gut microbiota associated with pulmonary tuberculosis and dysbiosis caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs. (nih.gov)
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j. from 93 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
- 1) In June 1987, a clinic nurse was diagnosed with noncavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). (cdc.gov)
- SHENOI, Sheela V.. Diagnostics for pulmonary tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
- BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood transcriptome signatures that distinguish active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) from control groups have been reported, but correlations of these signatures with sputum mycobacterial load are incompletely defined. (ingentaconnect.com)
- People in Port au Prince, Haiti, with untreated pulmonary TB ( n = 51) formed the study cohort: 19 people with low and 32 with high sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis load. (ingentaconnect.com)
- However, M. tuberculosis strives most in tissues with high oxygen levels, hence the high rate of pulmonary tuberculosis. (wikidoc.org)
- There were 9 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases (and approximately 2 million TB deaths) in 2004, of which 3.9 million (62/100,000) were highly infectious, i.e. the bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which cause TB, and could be seen in preparations of expectorated sputum under the microscope ("pulmonary sputum smear-positive" cases). (springer.com)
- Patients with infectious tuberculosis (pulmonary and laryngeal) are the main sources of transmission of the disease and therefore they are the key targets in the international effort to combat tuberculosis in the world. (springer.com)
- These devices are intended to be used as an aid in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. (fda.gov)
- 1 Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common clinical presentation of tuberculosis in adults, although extra-pulmonary disease is relatively more prevalent in children. (fda.gov)
- Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common cause of pulmonary tuberculosis. (fda.gov)
Bacteria17
- lineages I, III, and IV represent subgroups with- Tuberculosis (TB), caused by bacteria of the Mycobacte- in PGG1, and lineage II corresponds to PGG 2 and 3 ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- They have been classified as nontuberculosis to differentiate them from tuberculosis-causing bacteria, also known as the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ) complex. (news-medical.net)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Compared to other commonly studied bacteria, M. tuberculosis has a remarkably slow growth rate, doubling roughly once per day. (wikipedia.org)
- Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) are disease-causing bacteria related to TB. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Unlike other bacteria that have cell walls mainly composed of peptidoglycan, the major cell wall component of mycobacterium is lipids(Figure.2). (kenyon.edu)
- [14] Mycobacterium tuberculosis has less abundant than other bacteria and allow a slow uptake rate of nutrient and antibiotic, making it highly resistant to all kinds of antibiotic. (kenyon.edu)
- Expression of noxR1 conferred upon Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis enhanced ability to resist RNI and ROI, whether the bacteria were exposed to exogenous compounds in medium or to endogenous products in macrophages. (rupress.org)
- Tuberculosis arises in a small proportion of infected individuals in whose macrophages the bacteria replicate extensively, when, for example, malnutrition (( 2 )) or HIV (( 3 )) impede the cell-mediated immune response that normally leads to the activation of macrophages. (rupress.org)
- Computer-generated image of a cluster of rod-shaped drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. (wikidoc.org)
- Human beings are the main natural reservoir for M. tuberculosis , however, the bacteria may infect other species . (wikidoc.org)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a acid fast bacteria, which can form acid-stable complexes when certain arylmethane dyes are added. (kenyon.edu)
- 4) All species of mycobacteria have ropelike structures of peptidoglycan that are arranged in such a way to give them properties of an acid fast bacteria. (kenyon.edu)
- Understanding how kanglemycin A manages to maintain its affinity to rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase and stay active against the drug-resistant bacteria will help to accelerate its approval for use in patients with tuberculosis. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- Macrophages are the host cell for M. tuberculosis infection, and although bacteria are able to replicate intracellularly under certain conditions, it is also clear that macrophages are capable of killing M. tuberculosis if appropriately activated. (broadinstitute.org)
- Transmission of M. tuberculosis to HIV-infected persons is of particular concern because these persons are at high risk for developing active TB if they become infected with the bacteria. (cdc.gov)
- The ability of M. tuberculosis to enter into a latent state is thought to be the reason for the prolonged period of treatment required to prevent relapse, since drugs currently available mainly target actively growing bacteria. (europa.eu)
Isolates9
- The fi rst 2 groups mark strategies, we characterized a total of 2,261 Mycobacterium irreversible genetic events and can be used to construct phy- tuberculosis complex isolates by using multiple phenotypic logenies for M. tuberculosis ( 2 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)
- When we noticed the reporting of artifactual variation between Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates during routine next-generation sequencing of Mycobacterium spp. (asm.org)
- tuberculosis clinical isolates are variable depending on the different geographical regionsof China. (scirp.org)
- 2011) The beginning of the rpoB gene in addition to the RRDR might be needed for identifying RIF/Rfb cross resistance in multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Southern China. (scirp.org)
- Valim, A.R., Rosetti, M.L., Ribeiro, M.O. and Zaha, A. (2000) Mutations in the rpoB gene of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Brazil. (scirp.org)
- Ahmad, S., Mokaddas, E. and Fares, E. (2002) Characterization of rpoB mutations in rifampin-resistant clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Kuwait and Dubai. (scirp.org)
- In 1990, the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the CDC published the following statement, "Given the low prevalence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC) in most parts of the United States, the cost of routine testing of all initial isolates is diffi cult to justify" (3). (springer.com)
- Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in the Metropolitan Area of Rome. (bioportfolio.com)
- Although more than 3 billion doses of the BCG vaccine have been administered to fight tuberculosis, the ability of the BCG vaccine to protect adults is very limited, as is its efficacy against newly emerging isolates. (rxpgnews.com)
Bacterium10
- It includes more than one bacterium - Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare . (news-medical.net)
- When in the lungs, M. tuberculosis is phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages, but they are unable to kill and digest the bacterium. (wikipedia.org)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a weakly gram-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. (kenyon.edu)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis . (wikidoc.org)
- Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a ubiquitous group of diverse environmental mycobacteria related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). (jcvi.org)
- This bacterium causes most cases of tuberculosis. (sciencephoto.com)
- Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MDR-TB and XDR-TB strain, rod bacterium (prokaryote). (sciencephoto.com)
- Like a detective on the hunt, researcher and Nifty Fifty Speaker Sarah Fortune is trying to figure out how Mycobacterium tuberculosis - the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB) - is able to defend itself so well against drug treatment and the body's immune system. (scienceblogs.com)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (TB). (diva-portal.org)
- Mycobacterium is a strain of bacterium which is used as a vaccin. (bioportfolio.com)
Species10
- Therefore, the rapid and accurate identification of M. tuberculosis and NTM species is very important for. (asm.org)
- Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a species in the mycobacteria group that could precipitate illness, but not tuberculosis (TB). (news-medical.net)
- A related species of M tuberculosis, which doctors call non-TB mycobacteria (NTM), can cause other illnesses in children and adults. (healthychildren.org)
- This antibody is reactive with other Mycobacteria species including: M. avium, M. phlei, and M. parafortuitum. (abcam.com)
- Each year, Mycobacterium tuberculosis kills nearly three million among the one-third of the world's population who are infected (( 1 )), making it the most deadly as well as one of the most successful bacterial pathogens of the human species. (rupress.org)
- Over 150 Mycobacterium species have been validly published to date, according to the List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature(LPSN) ( http://www.bacterio.net/mycobacterium.html ) and elsewhere ( http://www.dsmz.de/bacterial-diversity/prokaryotic-nomenclature-up-to-date ). (jcvi.org)
- Some species in its Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex have adapted their genetic structure specifically to infect human populations. (kenyon.edu)
- The different species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex show a 95-100% DNA relatedness based on studies of DNA homology, and the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene are exactly the same for all the species. (kenyon.edu)
- So some scientists suggest that they should be grouped as a single species while others argue that they should be grouped as varieties or subspecies of M. tuberculosis . (kenyon.edu)
- Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by species of MTB-complex. (fda.gov)
Antigens7
- Koch himself showed that those exposed to M. tuberculosis develop a skin hypersen- sitivity or allergy to the microorganism's antigens, an observation which was the starting point for many important developments. (springer.com)
- Immunological characterization of novel secreted antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ," Scandinavian Journal of Immunology , vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 139-146, 2005. (hindawi.com)
- Conclusive evidence that the major T-cell antigens of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex ESAT-6 and CFP-10 form a tight, 1:1 complex and characterization of the structural properties of ESAT-6, CFP-10, and the ESAT-6 · CFP-10 complex. (hindawi.com)
- N. A. Matvieieva, M. Y. Vasylenko, A. I. Shakhovsky, and N. V. Kuchuk, "Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with genes coding bacterial antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis ," Cytology and Genetics , vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 27-32, 2009. (hindawi.com)
- 1 Furthermore, ESAT-6 and CFP-10 are highly immunodominant M tuberculosis antigens, 2 and no studies have reported a decreased sensitivity of IGRAs in BCG-vaccinated individuals. (bmj.com)
- Some of the more intriguing observations are those demonstrating that mycolic acids are recognized by CD1-restricted T-cells, that antigen 85, one of the most powerful protective antigens of M. tuberculosis, is a mycolyltransferase, and that lipoarabinomannan (LAM), when "capped" with short mannose oligosaccharides, is involved in phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis. (biomedsearch.com)
- Cutaneous reactivity to P.P.D. and antigens of atypical mycobacteria (kansash avium and fortuitum) in patients with unespecific arteritis. (scirp.org)
Pathogen8
- Tuberculosis, caused by the obligate intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is responsible for 2-3 million deaths annually worldwide. (nature.com)
- This observation suggests that the common ancestor of the tubercle bacilli resembled M. tuberculosis or M. canettii and could well have been a human pathogen already. (pnas.org)
- C-flux spectral analysis of host-pathogen metabolism reveals a mixed diet for intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (nature.com)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Figure.1) is a deadly human pathogen that has a staggering impact globally, causing infection disease called tuberculosis (TB). (kenyon.edu)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly successful pathogen that parasitizes the macrophages of its host. (nih.gov)
- It was recently reported that the human-exclusive pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis secretes cytokinins, which had only been known as plant hormones. (asm.org)
- 4) Mycobacteria are abundant in soil and water, but Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mainly identified as a pathogen that lives in the host. (kenyon.edu)
- Our approach is aimed at systematic identification of essential molecules and their mimics as a blueprint for development of effective chemical probes of M. tuberculosis metabolism, with the ultimate goal of seeking drugs that can kill this pathogen. (asm.org)
Protein11
- Targeting mycobacterial persistence by inhibiting SufR TB protein activity may be a novel intervention strategy in tuberculosis treatment. (nature.com)
- The 2.1-A crystal structure of M. tuberculosis cyano-met trHbO shows that the protein assembles in a compact dodecamer. (rcsb.org)
- Production of a fusion protein consisting of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin B subunit and a tuberculosis antigen in Arabidopsis thaliana," Plant Cell Reports , vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 502-508, 2004. (hindawi.com)
- Recombinant full length protein corresponding to Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16kDa aa 30-159. (abcam.com)
- Summing up these observations along with the earlier reports, we propose that Zmp1, a multi-faceted protein, when released by mycobacteria in granuloma, may lead to necrotic cell damage and release of chemotactic chemokines by surrounding infected macrophages, attracting new immune cells, which in turn may lead to fresh cellular infections, thus assisting mycobacterial dissemination. (frontiersin.org)
- The conserved protein Rv3705c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been cloned, expressed, purified and crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method using PEG 3350 as a precipitant. (iucr.org)
- They concentrated on a type of cell called a macrophage (the natural target of Mycobacterium) and found that macrophages from patients with TB had much more the DC-SIGN protein on their surface than macrophages from patients with other diseases or from the control individuals. (bio-medicine.org)
- The HspX protein from M. tuberculosis , induced under hypoxic, is strongly associated with maintaining the bacillus viability in TBIL. (usp.br)
- Unexpected genomic and phenotypic diversity of Mycobacterium africanum Lineage 5 affects drug resistance, protein secretion and immunogenicity. (bioportfolio.com)
- The researchers engineer a BCG strain that secretes the listeriolysin protein, which punches holes in the membranes of phagosomes where M. tuberculosis is located, allowing better T cell-mediated immunity. (rxpgnews.com)
- Our study is to target GlmM from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and scrutinize lead compounds computationally which can be tested experimentally for the inhibition of this key protein. (ssrn.com)
Macrophages8
- Necrosis Driven Triglyceride Synthesis Primes Macrophages for Inflammation During Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. (nih.gov)
- It was also recently demonstrated that in M. tuberculosis infections, PPM1A levels were upregulated, and this in turn would impact the normal apoptotic response of macrophages to clear pathogens, as PPM1A is involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. (wikipedia.org)
- The aforementioned observations laid ground for the demonstration that when lysosomes fuse with M. tuberculosis -containing phagosomes in immunologically activated macrophages, the phagolysosomal pH falls to 4.5 to 5.0 ( 55 , 81 , 84 , 99 ). (asm.org)
- These studies provide the first identification of an RNI resistance mechanism in mycobacteria, point to a new mechanism for resistance to ROI, and raise the possibility that inhibition of the noxR1 pathway might enhance the ability of macrophages to control tuberculosis. (rupress.org)
- One way to study M. tuberculosis in culture is to collect samples of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood samples from a healthy human donor and challenge macrophages with the MTC. (kenyon.edu)
- Specifically, granulysin has been recently shown to be essential for M. tuberculosis killing after apoptosis of infected macrophages induced by NK cells ( 22 ). (asm.org)
- The production of nitric oxide and other reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) by macrophages helps to control infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ). (sciencemag.org)
- In humans and mice with tuberculosis, macrophages in infected tissues and airways express enzymatically active iNOS ( 7 - 9 ), and mice lacking iNOS cannot control Mtb infection ( 10 ). (sciencemag.org)
Anti-tuberculosis8
- In a published data set of transcriptomic response to anti-tuberculosis treatment, this 20-gene subset was more treatment-responsive at 6 months than the full active TB signature. (ingentaconnect.com)
- These transcripts may reveal mechanisms of mycobacterial control of M. tuberculosis during active infection, as well as identifying potential biomarkers for bacterial response to anti-tuberculosis treatment. (ingentaconnect.com)
- The synthesis, structure, and biological evaluation of a series of novel rifamycin derivatives, Rifastures (RFA) with potent anti-tuberculosis activity are presented. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The final steps in these events, the attachment of mycolic acids and ligation to peptidoglycan, await definition and will prove to be excellent targets for a new generation of anti-tuberculosis drugs. (biomedsearch.com)
- Our results support the concept that screening for inhibitors using intracellular models results in the identification of tool compounds for probing pathways during in vivo infection and may also result in the identification of new anti-tuberculosis agents that work by modulating host pathways. (broadinstitute.org)
- Global project on anti-tuberculosis drug surveillance in the world. (springer.com)
- Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world. (springer.com)
- The WHO/IUALTD Global Project on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance. (springer.com)
Vaccine12
- If confirmed, our findings have important implications for tuberculosis control and vaccine development. (pnas.org)
- New tools for tuberculosis control are urgently needed, including a more effective vaccine ( 8 ). (pnas.org)
- Tuberculosis is a major global health problem whose solution requires development of an effective vaccine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- But incomplete understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) immunity-how it is acquired, how it is measured-limits vaccine development to empiric rather than rational approaches. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The results indicate that PEPCK can effectively induce cell-mediated immune response by increasing activity of cytokines and PEPCK may be a promising new subunit vaccine candidate for tuberculosis. (springer.com)
- Turner et al challenge our finding that the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) can prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTI), and propose an alternative explanation: that the absence of a positive interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) could be due to antigenic sin and does not necessarily demonstrate absence of infection. (bmj.com)
- Tuberculosis remains a worldwide threat despite the availability of the BCG vaccine and antibiotic treatment. (asm.org)
- The demonstration that there is infection stage-specific immunity to tuberculosis has implications for vaccine design. (jimmunol.org)
- Safety and Immunogenicity of 2 Formulations of Tuberculosis Vaccine GSK692342 Given at 0,1 Months to Healthy Adults. (bioportfolio.com)
- This study will assess the safety and immunogenicity of 2 different formulations of tuberculosis vaccine GSK692342 in healthy adults. (bioportfolio.com)
- The new BCG vaccine strain protects mice against tuberculosis significantly better than the parental BCG. (rxpgnews.com)
- In a study appearing online on August 18 in advance of print publication of the September 1 issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Stefan Kaufmann and colleagues from the Max Planck Institute devise a strategy to boost the immunogenicity of BCG and describe a novel vaccine strain with high efficacy against tuberculosis. (rxpgnews.com)
Smegmatis2
- Following this, a report examining the level of acidity surrounding mycobacteria in macrophage compartments demonstrated that the pH of M. tuberculosis - and Mycobacterium smegmatis - containing phagosomes was in the range of 4.7 to 5.5 ( 85 ). (asm.org)
- Mukhopadhyay B, Edward M, Concar, Ralph S, Wolfe: A GTP-dependent vertebrate-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Mycobacterium smegmatis . (springer.com)
Causative agent of tuberculosis1
- Among human pathogens, this expansion has emerged perhaps nowhere more visibly than for Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the causative agent of tuberculosis. (nature.com)
Pathogens3
- FU-LIU, C. S.. Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis a closer relative to Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacterial pathogens? (wikipedia.org)
- Unlike most pathogens, M. tuberculosis has evolved within humans, which are both host and reservoir. (nature.com)
- In contrast, much less is known about how obligate or facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis respond, resist, and persist in the moderately acid environment of the phagosome or phagolysosome. (asm.org)
Microbiology2
- Tuberculosis once again occupies a special position in the areas of infec- tious diseases and microbiology. (springer.com)
- Koch's postulates were developed with tuberculosis in mind and became a focal point for many advances in microbiology and medicine. (springer.com)
Agent of tuberculosis2
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease of which ~9 million new cases and ~1.7 million mortalities were reported for the year 2009 ( 1 ). (asm.org)
- Our objective was to search in the fresh aortic tissues, the infectious agent of tuberculosis through culture, as well as by performing histopathology and searching by the molecular study, sequences of genes associated to micobacteria and Ziehl's stain. (scirp.org)
Intracellular2
- M. tuberculosis prevents the acidification of phagolysomes, thus resists the intracellular microbicidal mechanisms of phagocytes. (luc.edu)
- Identification of host-targeted small molecules that restrict intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. (broadinstitute.org)
Mycobacteriaceae1
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis je druh patogénnej baktérie z čeľade Mycobacteriaceae a najčastejšia príčina tuberkulózy . (wikipedia.org)
Africanum2
- Reduced transmission of Mycobacterium africanum compared to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in urban West Africa. (bioportfolio.com)
- Mycobacterium africanum consists of lineages L5 and L6 of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and causes human tuberculosis in specific regions of Western Africa, but is generally not transm. (bioportfolio.com)
Genus1
- They are essential for the survival of members of the genus Mycobacterium. (kenyon.edu)
Avium1
- The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is NTM. (news-medical.net)
Active tuberculosis2
- Most individuals infected with MTB never actually develop active tuberculosis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- To determine which CD4+ T cell subsets and which CD4+ T cell immune responses are important, we will compare individuals with prior exposure (immunity) to MTB to individuals with active tuberculosis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Proteins5
- Definition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and electrospray mass spectrometry. (atcc.org)
- Besides resistance to antibiotics, hydrophobic mycolic cell wall also enables tuberculosis to survive inside the macrophage by inhibiting the action of cation proteins, lysozymes, and oxygen radicals, hiding them from the host immune system. (kenyon.edu)
- Heat shock proteins assist the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) but also provide a signal to the immune response. (jimmunol.org)
- Increased knowledge of the function and antigenic properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) 4 proteins will assist the design of vaccines and immunodiagnostic reagents against tuberculosis, a disease that kills up to 2 million people per year ( 1 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Phosphoglucosamine mutase (GlmM) belonging to the superfamily of proteins called α-D-phosphohexomutases is involved in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) biosynthetic pathway by converting glucosamine-6-phosphate (G6P) to glucosamine-1-phosphate (G1P) leading to the synthesis of UDP-GlcNAc which is an essential precursor in peptidoglycan layer synthesis in Mycobacterium sp. (ssrn.com)
Gene5
- A high-resolution network model for global gene regulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (nih.gov)
- Ancient origin and gene mosaicism of the progenitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (nature.com)
- U06259 Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC 27294 catalase (katG) gene, complete cds. (atcc.org)
- Here, we show cytokinins induced the strong expression of the M. tuberculosis gene Rv0077c. (asm.org)
- The bacillus of tuberculosis was observed by the Ziehl's stain and the sequences of insertion IS6110 gene were identified. (scirp.org)
Infections5
- The current methods available to diagnose antimicrobial-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections require a positive culture or only test a limited number of resistance-associated mutations. (asm.org)
- Tuberculosis is one of the most prevalent infections of human beings and a formidable public health challenge that shows little sign of abating. (hindawi.com)
- Because HIV-infected people are included in the study, the findings may also provide information on how HIV renders vulnerability to opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Infections (Heifets, L., ed. (springer.com)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection puts people at risk of opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis. (bioportfolio.com)
Persistence4
- Fig. 1: Enzymes required for growth and/or persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (nature.com)
- The failure of immune-mediated clearance is due to multiple strategies adopted by M. tuberculosis that blunt the microbicidal mechanisms of infected immune cells and formation of distinct granulomatous lesions that differ in their ability to support or suppress the persistence of viable M. tuberculosis . (hindawi.com)
- In this paper, current understanding of various immune processes that lead to the establishment of latent M. tuberculosis infection, bacterial spreading, persistence, reactivation, and waning or elimination of latent infection as well as new diagnostic approaches being used for identification of latently infected individuals for possible control of tuberculosis epidemic are described. (hindawi.com)
- This environmental condition is actually the best candidate for the induction of persistence (also called dormancy or latency), a phenomenon of great importance in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis but still not well understood at the molecular level ( 68 ). (asm.org)
Polymerase chain re1
- The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the tuberculin skin test, acid-fast stain, culture, and polymerase chain reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Detection4
- Useful for the detection of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens (sputa, pus or tissues) by microscopy. (luc.edu)
- 1993) Detection of rifampicin-resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (scirp.org)
- 2011) Molecular detection of mutations associated with first- and second-line drug resistance compared with conventional drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (scirp.org)
- This document was developed to support the reclassification of nucleic acid-based in vitro diagnostic devices for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB-complex) in respiratory specimens from class III into class II. (fda.gov)
Tuberculin skin1
- Individuals whose medical records indicate a past history of tuberculosis or a positive test for exposure to tuberculosis will have a tuberculin skin test. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis1
- Recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China: the implication of molecular epidemiology for tuberculosis control. (bioportfolio.com)
Molecular4
- In this study, we used comparative genomic and molecular epidemiological tools to define the global population structure of M. tuberculosis and to investigate its influence on the transmission dynamics of M. tuberculosis in San Francisco during an 11-year period. (pnas.org)
- An association between and molecular markers, including polymorphisms in repeti- geographic region and M. tuberculosis families, defi ned tive sequences (spoligotyping and variable-number tandem by specifi c polymorphisms, has been demonstrated. (cdc.gov)
- Recent molecular genetic studies have shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the most common cause of TB in humans worldwide, has a progenitor ~3 million years old [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Somoskovi, A.L. Parsons, M. and Salfinger, M. (2001) The molecular basis of resistance to isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (scirp.org)
20021
- 2002) An Expanded DOTS Framework for Effective Tuberculosis Control. (springer.com)
Complex10
- We analyzed 98 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex platform to enhance SARS-CoV-2 testing capacity. (cdc.gov)
- tuberculosis complex based on colony phenotype. (cdc.gov)
- A PSQ assay targeting IS6110 is used for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. (ca.gov)
- The mycobacteria grouped in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex are characterized by 99.9% similarity at the nucleotide level and identical 16S rRNA sequences ( 1 , 2 ) but differ widely in terms of their host tropisms, phenotypes, and pathogenicity. (pnas.org)
- Because of the unusually high degree of conservation in their housekeeping genes, it has been suggested that the members of the M. tuberculosis complex underwent an evolutionary bottleneck at the time of speciation, estimated to have occurred roughly 15,000-20,000 years ago ( 2 ). (pnas.org)
- Phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli by antigen-presenting cells in human lung alveoli initiates a complex infection process by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a potentially protective immune response by the host. (hindawi.com)
- The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is the cause of TB. (news-medical.net)
- Rapid identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by. (ingentaconnect.com)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis belongs to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. (wikidoc.org)
- I have recently read in an article that the variation in Mycobacterium Tuberclurosis Complex (where mycobacterium tuberclurosis is included) was caused by various elements such as growing human poplation and a decrease in purifying selection (purifying selection being the process of eliminating deleterious mutations). (scienceblogs.com)
Multidrug-Resistant3
- Rifampin- and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Russian civilians and prison inmates: dominance of the Beijing strain family. (springer.com)
- Worldwide incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. (springer.com)
- Patients who have multidrug-resistant TB can remain infectious for prolonged periods, which increases the risk for nosocomial and/or occupational transmission of M. tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
Antigen4
- Expression of tuberculosis antigen ESAT-6 in Nicotiana tabacum using a potato virus X-based vector," Tuberculosis , vol. 86, no. 3-4, pp. 263-267, 2006. (hindawi.com)
- This kit utilizes recombinant M. tuberculosis antigen of lengths 18, 36, and 40 kDa. (mpbio.com)
- AbstractDevelopment of an effective machine-learning model for T-cellMycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) epitopes is beneficial for saving biologist 's time and effort for identifying epitope in a targeted antigen. (medworm.com)
- Human immunity to M. tuberculosis: T cell subsets and antigen processing. (biomedsearch.com)
Zopf1
- Michael Wunderli marked " Mycobacterium tuberculosis " as trusted on the " Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zopf 1883 " page. (eol.org)
Resistance4
- Tuberculosis cases that did occur in allopatric hosts disproportionately involved high-risk individuals with impaired host resistance. (pnas.org)
- Similarly, M. tuberculosis acid resistance mechanisms appear to be cross-protective against other forms of stress, making it difficult to directly relate a defect in acid resistance to impaired virulence. (asm.org)
- Development of rifampicin resistance in M. tuberculosis has made treatment of this disease very difficult since it extends treatment time of tuberculosis from 6 months to 2 years. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- 1963) Mycobacteria: laboratory methods for testing drug sensitivity and resistance. (springer.com)
Nontuberculous2
- Retrieved on September 21, 2019 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/How-Nontuberculous-Mycobacteria-Differ-from-Tuberculosis.aspx. (news-medical.net)
- Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in a cat caused by Mycobacterium sp. (abcam.com)
Virulence5
- [12] Thus it is highly associated with virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (kenyon.edu)
- Plasmids in M. tuberculosis are important in transferring virulence because genes on the plasmids are more easily transferred than genes located on the chromosome. (kenyon.edu)
- Zinc metalloprotease-1 (Zmp1) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ), the tuberculosis (TB) causing bacillus, is a virulence factor involved in inflammasome inactivation and phagosome maturation arrest. (frontiersin.org)
- Drug-resistant tuberculosis, clinical virulence, and the dominance of the Beijing strain family in Russia. (springer.com)
- 2014) Evolutionary history of tuberculosis shaped by conserved mutations in the PhoPR virulence regulator. (ipbs.fr)
Macrophage3
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis , shown in red, is known to propagate in macrophage cells (left), but loses that ability when MenJ is knocked out (right). (eurekalert.org)
- The pH of the macrophage compartment, in which M. tuberculosis resides, ranges from pH 6.2 to 4.5, depending on the activation state of the macrophage ( 55 , 81 , 99 ). (asm.org)
- The ability of M. tuberculosis to mount such a broad defense against ROI implies that other products of the activated macrophage may be more important for tuberculostasis. (rupress.org)
Genes6
- L15623 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S ribosomal RNA and 23S ribosomal RNA genes, partial sequence. (atcc.org)
- CONCLUSION: We identified genes whose transcript levels in the blood distinguish active TB with high vs. low M. tuberculosis loads in the sputum. (ingentaconnect.com)
- We generated and genotyped 5,126 Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutants and performed a statistical analysis to determine putative essential genes. (asm.org)
- The essential molecules of M. tuberculosis were classified as products of enzymes that are encoded by genes in this list. (asm.org)
- Papel da proteína HspX do Mycobacterium tuberculosis na regulação de genes relacionados. (usp.br)
- We look for M. tuberculosis genes controlling both the bacterial release in donor host and bacterial seeding in recipient host. (ipbs.fr)
Humans5
- Tuberculosis has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, especially in highly ur- banized Europe, until a few decades ago. (springer.com)
- Tuberculosis is the most frequent cause of death in humans from a single infectious agent. (asm.org)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to the onset of tuberculosis in humans. (news-medical.net)
- Humans are the only known reservoirs of M. tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ), the etiological agent of human tuberculosis (TB), has plagued humans for thousands of years. (frontiersin.org)
Assay1
- Ante mortem diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle: a review of the tuberculin tests, γ-interferon assay and other ancillary diagnostic techniques. (idexx.com)
Lungs4
- B - E ) WT and TNFRp75 -/- mice were infected at 50-100 CFU with M. tuberculosis , and lungs and LNs were harvested 14 and 21 days after infection. (jci.org)
- Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) disease that primarily attacks the lungs, but can damage other body parts such as the bones, kidney, and brain. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- This explains why tuberculosis is a disease typically affects the lungs. (kenyon.edu)
- Inhibition of this pathway using gefitinib during in vivo infection reduces growth of M. tuberculosis in the lungs of infected mice. (broadinstitute.org)
Causes tuberculosis1
- A germ from the mycobacterium family, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, causes tuberculosis (TB). (healthychildren.org)
Metabolism2
- Clinically prevalent mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis alter propionate metabolism and mediate multidrug tolerance. (nih.gov)
- Fig. 2: Effects of metabolism beyond fulfilling nutritional demands on the physiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (nature.com)
Identification4
- Major advances were made in the areas of isolation and identification of M. tuberculosis and related microorganisms. (springer.com)
- Fig. 4: Identification of a small-molecule allosteric inhibitor of tryptophan synthase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (nature.com)
- The identification of pathways used by the microbe to resist elimination by the host immune response may suggest new targets for prevention or treatment of tuberculosis. (sciencemag.org)
- Selvanarayanan, Vinodhini and Qureshi, Insaf Ahmed, Structural Analysis and Identification of Potential Inhibitors for Phosphophoglucosamine Mutase From Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (February 11, 2020). (ssrn.com)
Latent tuberculosis infection1
- The process is termed as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and the dormant bacilli retain the ability to resuscitate and to cause active TB if a disruption of immune response (as in HIV infection) occurs. (hindawi.com)
Infectious disease4
- Despite being preventable and curable, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from infectious disease globally, with nearly 10 million people developing TB and 1.5 million people dying from TB in 2014. (nih.gov)
- With over a billion deaths in the past 200 years, tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) likely killed more people than any other infectious disease in the history of humanity ( Paulson, 2013 ) and remains a major cause of death also in our era. (frontiersin.org)
- Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death by infectious disease worldwide,' said Murakami. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common major infectious disease today. (bio-medicine.org)
Sputum3
- On 14 different occasions between January 13 and May 18, 1988, 13 patients had induced sputum specimens that were culture-positive for M. tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
- Two of these patients had positive sputum cultures for M. tuberculosis between January 29 and March 18, during a period when they received a total of 10 treatments with aerosolized pentamidine. (cdc.gov)
- Kissing could be a possible route of transmission if the person is excreting many mycobacteria through the sputum. (wikipedia.org)
NCBI1
- Jennifer Hammock split the classifications by NCBI Taxonomy from Mycobacterium tuberculosis to their own page . (eol.org)
Infect1
- How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis infect the lung? (bio-medicine.org)
Pathogenesis2
- It has been challenging to dissect the role of phagosome acidification in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, because it is accompanied by and synergizes with other host defenses. (asm.org)
- Notwithstanding, the phenomenon is central to the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and thus might offer points of vulnerability that could be exploited by new chemotherapeutics. (asm.org)