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Mycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosisMycobacteriumTuberculosis, PulmonaryMycobacterium bovisMycobacterium smegmatisMycobacterium InfectionsAntitubercular AgentsIsoniazidMycobacterium aviumTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantNontuberculous MycobacteriaBacterial ProteinsTuberculosis VaccinesRifampinMycobacterium lepraeMycobacterium avium ComplexMycobacterium Infections, NontuberculousAntigens, BacterialBCG VaccinePyrazinamideEthambutolDNA, BacterialAntibiotics, AntitubercularSputumMycobacterium marinumMycobacterium fortuitumMycolic AcidsTuberculin TestMycobacterium kansasiiMycobacterium chelonaeMicrobial Sensitivity TestsTuberculosis, BovineBacteriological TechniquesTuberculosis, MiliaryMycobacteriophagesLatent TuberculosisDrug Resistance, BacterialTuberculosis, Lymph NodeMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosisMycobacterium avium-intracellulare InfectionMolecular Sequence DataDNA FingerprintingTuberculosis, MeningealPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthTuberculosis, CutaneousBacterial Typing TechniquesMycobacterium phleiPolymerase Chain ReactionMacrophagesSensitivity and SpecificityExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisMycobacterium ulceransTuberculosis, OsteoarticularInterferon-gammaTuberculosis, PleuralTuberculinTuberculosis, GastrointestinalDNA Transposable ElementsStreptomycinTuberculosis, SpinalGenes, BacterialLungEthionamideGene Expression Regulation, BacterialGranulomaCapreomycinCord FactorsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialMinisatellite RepeatsTuberculosis, SplenicVirulenceAmino Acid SequenceCulture MediaGenome, BacterialColony Count, MicrobialTuberculosis, Central Nervous SystemBase SequenceReagent Kits, DiagnosticMolecular EpidemiologyGenotypeMutationSequence Analysis, DNADrug Resistance, MicrobialSpecies SpecificityMycobacterium scrofulaceumTuberculosis, UrogenitalPhagosomesTuberculosis, OcularMice, Inbred C57BLLeprosyTuberculosis, HepaticAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsBacterial LoadMolecular Diagnostic TechniquesMicrobial ViabilityGlycolipidsAcyltransferasesAntibodies, BacterialInterspersed Repetitive SequencesMycobacterium xenopiMycobacterium lepraemuriumCrystallography, X-RayChaperonin 60Evaluation Studies as TopicCell WallTuberculosis, Female GenitalContact TracingChaperoninsMolecular TypingRNA, BacterialCluster AnalysisParatuberculosisMice, Inbred BALB CDNA GyraseAnti-Bacterial AgentsTime FactorsPhylogenyClofazimineDirectly Observed TherapyNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesSouth AfricaTuberculosis, RenalRifamycinsDiarylquinolinesModels, MolecularAmidohydrolasesTuberculosis, EndocrineDNA PrimersCloning, MolecularAza CompoundsTuberculosis, LaryngealSpleenT-LymphocytesTruncated HemoglobinsHypersensitivity, DelayedRecombinant ProteinsCytokinesGuinea PigsGene DeletionEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayAminosalicylic AcidPeroxidasesHIV InfectionsMolecular Probe TechniquesTuberculomaRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSequence Homology, Amino AcidCatalaseMycobacterium haemophilumCoinfectionGranuloma, Respiratory TractColorimetryArmadillosDNA ProbesSequence AlignmentEscherichia coliCells, CulturedOfloxacinHost-Pathogen InteractionsOxidoreductasesTuberculosis, OralRifabutinCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesMycobacteriaceaeThioridazineFluoroquinolonesSpecimen HandlingToll-Like Receptor 2ThioacetazoneNitrate ReductaseLymphocyte ActivationDiagnostic ErrorsInterferon-gamma Release TestsVaccinationOxazolesGalactansPeritonitis, TuberculousImmunologic TestsImmunity, CellularTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaMacrophage ActivationAerosolsKanamycinCattleOxazinesAlanine DehydrogenaseEmigration and ImmigrationIndiaQuinolinesProtein Structure, TertiaryPaleopathologyDisease Models, AnimalRadiography, ThoracicDrug Resistance, MultipleMacrophages, AlveolarChromatography, Thin LayerPleural EffusionGenetic Complementation TestMonocytesSubstrate Specificity
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.Mycobacterium: A genus of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. Most species are free-living in soil and water, but the major habitat for some is the diseased tissue of warm-blooded hosts.Tuberculosis, Pulmonary: MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.Mycobacterium bovis: The bovine variety of the tubercle bacillus. It is called also Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis.Mycobacterium smegmatis: A rapid-growing, nonphotochromogenic species of MYCOBACTERIUM originally isolated from human smegma and found also in soil and water. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Mycobacterium Infections: Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.Antitubercular Agents: Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.Isoniazid: Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.Mycobacterium avium: A bacterium causing tuberculosis in domestic fowl and other birds. In pigs, it may cause localized and sometimes disseminated disease. The organism occurs occasionally in sheep and cattle. It should be distinguished from the M. avium complex, which infects primarily humans.Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant: Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: So-called atypical species of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM that do not cause tuberculosis. They are also called tuberculoid bacilli, i.e.: M. buruli, M. chelonae, M. duvalii, M. flavescens, M. fortuitum, M. gilvum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare (see MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX;), M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. obuense, M. scrofulaceum, M. szulgai, M. terrae, M. ulcerans, M. xenopi.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Tuberculosis Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat TUBERCULOSIS.Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)Mycobacterium leprae: A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that causes LEPROSY in man. Its organisms are generally arranged in clumps, rounded masses, or in groups of bacilli side by side.Mycobacterium avium Complex: A complex that includes several strains of M. avium. M. intracellulare is not easily distinguished from M. avium and therefore is included in the complex. These organisms are most frequently found in pulmonary secretions from persons with a tuberculous-like mycobacteriosis. Strains of this complex have also been associated with childhood lymphadenitis and AIDS; M. avium alone causes tuberculosis in a variety of birds and other animals, including pigs.Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous: Infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (atypical mycobacteria): M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. flavescens, M. gordonae, M. obuense, M. gilvum, M. duvali, M. szulgai, M. intracellulare (see MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX;), M. xenopi (littorale), M. ulcerans, M. buruli, M. terrae, M. fortuitum (minetti, giae), M. chelonae.Antigens, Bacterial: Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.BCG Vaccine: An active immunizing agent and a viable avirulent attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. bovis, which confers immunity to mycobacterial infections. It is used also in immunotherapy of neoplasms due to its stimulation of antibodies and non-specific immunity.Pyrazinamide: A pyrazine that is used therapeutically as an antitubercular agent.Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863)DNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.Antibiotics, Antitubercular: Substances obtained from various species of microorganisms that are, alone or in combination with other agents, of use in treating various forms of tuberculosis; most of these agents are merely bacteriostatic, induce resistance in the organisms, and may be toxic.Sputum: Material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated via the mouth. It contains MUCUS, cellular debris, and microorganisms. It may also contain blood or pus.Mycobacterium marinum: A moderate-growing, photochromogenic species found in aquariums, diseased fish, and swimming pools. It is the cause of cutaneous lesions and granulomas (swimming pool granuloma) in humans. (Dorland, 28th ed)Mycobacterium fortuitum: A rapid-growing, nonphotochromogenic species that is potentially pathogenic, producing lesions of lung, bone, or soft tissue following trauma. It has been found in soil and in injection sites of humans, cattle, and cold-blooded animals. (Dorland, 28th ed)Mycolic AcidsTuberculin Test: One of several skin tests to determine past or present tuberculosis infection. A purified protein derivative of the tubercle bacilli, called tuberculin, is introduced into the skin by scratch, puncture, or interdermal injection.Mycobacterium kansasii: A slow-growing, photochromogenic species that is the etiologic agent of a tuberculosis-like disease in humans and is frequently isolated from human pulmonary secretions or tubercles. The incidence of infection is sharply increased among immunocompromised individuals. (Dorland, 28th ed)Mycobacterium chelonae: A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria commonly found in soil and occasionally isolated from sputum. It causes postoperative wound infections as well as gluteal abscesses.Microbial Sensitivity Tests: Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).Tuberculosis, Bovine: An infection of cattle caused by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. It is transmissible to man and other animals.Bacteriological Techniques: Techniques used in studying bacteria.Tuberculosis, Miliary: An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream.Mycobacteriophages: Viruses whose host is one or more Mycobacterium species. They include both temperate and virulent types.Latent Tuberculosis: The dormant form of TUBERCULOSIS where the person shows no obvious symptoms and no sign of the causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in the SPUTUM despite being positive for tuberculosis infection skin test.Drug Resistance, Bacterial: The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Tuberculosis, Lymph Node: Infection of the lymph nodes by tuberculosis. Tuberculous infection of the cervical lymph nodes is scrofula.Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: A subspecies of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. It is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease (PARATUBERCULOSIS), a chronic GASTROENTERITIS in RUMINANTS.Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection: A nontuberculous infection when occurring in humans. It is characterized by pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, and systemic disease in AIDS patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of birds and swine results in tuberculosis.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.DNA Fingerprinting: A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.Tuberculosis, Meningeal: A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length: Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.Tuberculosis, Cutaneous: Tuberculosis of the skin. It includes scrofuloderma and tuberculid, but not LUPUS VULGARIS.Bacterial Typing Techniques: Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.Mycobacterium phlei: A saprophytic bacterium widely distributed in soil and dust and on plants.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Macrophages: The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis resistant to ISONIAZID and RIFAMPIN and at least three of the six main classes of second-line drugs (AMINOGLYCOSIDES; polypeptide agents; FLUOROQUINOLONES; THIOAMIDES; CYCLOSERINE; and PARA-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID) as defined by the CDC.Mycobacterium ulcerans: A slow-growing mycobacterium that infects the skin and subcutaneous tissues, giving rise to indolent BURULI ULCER.Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular: Tuberculosis of the bones or joints.Interferon-gamma: The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.Tuberculosis, Pleural: Tuberculosis of the serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity and surrounding the lungs.Tuberculin: A protein extracted from boiled culture of tubercle bacilli (MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS). It is used in the tuberculin skin test (TUBERCULIN TEST) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in asymptomatic persons.Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal: TUBERCULOSIS that involves any region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, mostly in the distal ILEUM and the CECUM. In most cases, MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS is the pathogen. Clinical features include ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and palpable mass in the ileocecal area.DNA Transposable Elements: Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.Streptomycin: An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis.Tuberculosis, Spinal: Osteitis or caries of the vertebrae, usually occurring as a complication of tuberculosis of the lungs.Genes, Bacterial: The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.Granuloma: A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.Capreomycin: Cyclic peptide antibiotic similar to VIOMYCIN. It is produced by Streptomyces capreolus.Cord Factors: Toxic glycolipids composed of trehalose dimycolate derivatives. They are produced by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and other species of MYCOBACTERIUM. They induce cellular dysfunction in animals.Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial: The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Minisatellite Repeats: Tandem arrays of moderately repetitive, short (10-60 bases) DNA sequences which are found dispersed throughout the GENOME, at the ends of chromosomes (TELOMERES), and clustered near telomeres. Their degree of repetition is two to several hundred at each locus. Loci number in the thousands but each locus shows a distinctive repeat unit.Tuberculosis, Splenic: Infection of the spleen with species of MYCOBACTERIUM.Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Culture Media: Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.Genome, Bacterial: The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.Colony Count, Microbial: Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System: Tuberculosis of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges (TUBERCULOSIS, MENINGEAL), most often caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and rarely by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The infection may be limited to the nervous system or coexist in other organs (e.g., TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY). The organism tends to seed the meninges causing a diffuse meningitis and leads to the formation of TUBERCULOMA, which may occur within the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal spaces. Tuberculous involvement of the vertebral column (TUBERCULOSIS, SPINAL) may result in nerve root or spinal cord compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-20)Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Reagent Kits, Diagnostic: Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.Molecular Epidemiology: The application of molecular biology to the answering of epidemiological questions. The examination of patterns of changes in DNA to implicate particular carcinogens and the use of molecular markers to predict which individuals are at highest risk for a disease are common examples.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Drug Resistance, Microbial: The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Mycobacterium scrofulaceum: A non-tuberculous mycobacterium causing cervical lymphadenitis in children. It very rarely causes pulmonary disease, and is believed to be non-pathogenic in animals.Tuberculosis, Urogenital: A general term for MYCOBACTERIUM infections of any part of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.Phagosomes: Membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles formed by invagination of phagocytized material. They fuse with lysosomes to form phagolysosomes in which the hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome digest the phagocytized material.Tuberculosis, Ocular: Tuberculous infection of the eye, primarily the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.Mice, Inbred C57BLLeprosy: A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.Tuberculosis, Hepatic: Infection of the LIVER with species of MYCOBACTERIUM, most often MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. It is characterized by localized small tuberculous miliary lesions or tumor-like mass (TUBERCULOMA), and abnormalities in liver function tests.AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections: Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.Bacterial Load: Measurable quantity of bacteria in an object, organism, or organism compartment.Molecular Diagnostic Techniques: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques used in the diagnosis of disease.Microbial Viability: Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.Glycolipids: Any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic moiety such as an acylglycerol (see GLYCERIDES), a sphingoid, a ceramide (CERAMIDES) (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate. (From IUPAC's webpage)Acyltransferases: Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.Antibodies, Bacterial: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.Interspersed Repetitive Sequences: Copies of transposable elements interspersed throughout the genome, some of which are still active and often referred to as "jumping genes". There are two classes of interspersed repetitive elements. Class I elements (or RETROELEMENTS - such as retrotransposons, retroviruses, LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS) transpose via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Class II elements (or DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS - such as transposons, Tn elements, insertion sequence elements and mobile gene cassettes of bacterial integrons) transpose directly from one site in the DNA to another.Mycobacterium xenopi: A slow-growing, scotochromogenic species occurring usually harmlessly in human secretions but occasionally associated with chronic pulmonary disease. (Dorland, 28th ed)Mycobacterium lepraemurium: The etiologic agent of rat leprosy, also known as murine leprosy.Crystallography, X-Ray: The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Chaperonin 60: A group I chaperonin protein that forms the barrel-like structure of the chaperonin complex. It is an oligomeric protein with a distinctive structure of fourteen subunits, arranged in two rings of seven subunits each. The protein was originally studied in BACTERIA where it is commonly referred to as GroEL protein.Evaluation Studies as Topic: Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.Cell Wall: The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.Tuberculosis, Female Genital: MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).Contact Tracing: Identification of those persons (or animals) who have had such an association with an infected person, animal, or contaminated environment as to have had the opportunity to acquire the infection. Contact tracing is a generally accepted method for the control of sexually transmitted diseases.Chaperonins: A family of multisubunit protein complexes that form into large cylindrical structures which bind to and encapsulate non-native proteins. Chaperonins utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to enhance the efficiency of PROTEIN FOLDING reactions and thereby help proteins reach their functional conformation. The family of chaperonins is split into GROUP I CHAPERONINS, and GROUP II CHAPERONINS, with each group having its own repertoire of protein subunits and subcellular preferences.Molecular Typing: Using MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques, such as DNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; and DNA FINGERPRINTING, to identify, classify, and compare organisms and their subtypes.RNA, Bacterial: Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.Cluster Analysis: A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.Paratuberculosis: A chronic GASTROENTERITIS in RUMINANTS caused by MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM SUBSPECIES PARATUBERCULOSIS.Mice, Inbred BALB CDNA Gyrase: A bacterial DNA topoisomerase II that catalyzes ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. Gyrase binds to DNA as a heterotetramer consisting of two A and two B subunits. In the presence of ATP, gyrase is able to convert the relaxed circular DNA duplex into a superhelix. In the absence of ATP, supercoiled DNA is relaxed by DNA gyrase.Anti-Bacterial Agents: Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619)Directly Observed Therapy: A treatment method in which patients are under direct observation when they take their medication or receive their treatment. This method is designed to reduce the risk of treatment interruption and to ensure patient compliance.Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques: Laboratory techniques that involve the in-vitro synthesis of many copies of DNA or RNA from one original template.South Africa: A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Officially the Republic of South Africa since 1960, it was called the Union of South Africa 1910-1960.Tuberculosis, Renal: Infection of the KIDNEY with species of MYCOBACTERIUM.Rifamycins: A group of ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS characterized by a chromophoric naphthohydroquinone group spanned by an aliphatic bridge not previously found in other known ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS. They have been isolated from fermentation broths of Streptomyces mediterranei.Diarylquinolines: A class of quinoline compounds defined by the presence of two aromatic ring structures which are attached via a side chain to carbon 3 of the qunolinyl structure. The two aromatic moieties are typically NAPTHALENE and BENZENE. Several compounds in this class are used as ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS.Models, Molecular: Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.AmidohydrolasesTuberculosis, Endocrine: Infection of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS with species of MYCOBACTERIUM, most often MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Aza CompoundsTuberculosis, Laryngeal: Tuberculosis involving the larynx, producing ulceration of the VOCAL CORDS and the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA.Spleen: An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.T-Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.Truncated Hemoglobins: A family of hemoglobin-like proteins found in BACTERIA; PLANTS; and unicellular eukaryotes. Truncated hemoglobins are distantly related to vertebrate hemoglobins and are typically shorter than vertebrate hemoglobins by 20-40 residues.Hypersensitivity, Delayed: An increased reactivity to specific antigens mediated not by antibodies but by cells.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Cytokines: Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.Guinea Pigs: A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.Gene Deletion: A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.PeroxidasesHIV Infections: Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Molecular Probe Techniques: The use of devices which use detector molecules to detect, investigate, or analyze other molecules, macromolecules, molecular aggregates, or organisms.Tuberculoma: A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.RNA, Ribosomal, 16S: Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.Catalase: An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to water and oxygen. It is present in many animal cells. A deficiency of this enzyme results in ACATALASIA.Mycobacterium haemophilum: A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that causes granulomatous or ulcerating skin lesions in immunosuppressed persons. This organism owes its name to its requirement for growth of high levels of iron, conveniently supplied as blood, heme, or ferric ammonium citrate.Coinfection: Simultaneous infection of a host organism by two or more pathogens. In virology, coinfection commonly refers to simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more different viruses.Granuloma, Respiratory Tract: Granulomatous disorders affecting one or more sites in the respiratory tract.Colorimetry: Any technique by which an unknown color is evaluated in terms of standard colors. The technique may be visual, photoelectric, or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. It is used in chemistry and physics. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Armadillos: Burrowing, chiefly nocturnal mammals of the family Dasypodidae having bodies and heads encased in small bony plates. They are widely distributed in the warmer parts of the Americas.DNA Probes: Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.Sequence Alignment: The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.Host-Pathogen Interactions: The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.Oxidoreductases: The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)Tuberculosis, Oral: Tuberculosis of the mouth, tongue, and salivary glands.Rifabutin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients.CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes: A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.Mycobacteriaceae: A family of gram-positive bacteria found in soil and dairy products and as parasites on animals and man. Several are important pathogens.Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.Fluoroquinolones: A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group.Specimen Handling: Procedures for collecting, preserving, and transporting of specimens sufficiently stable to provide accurate and precise results suitable for clinical interpretation.Toll-Like Receptor 2: A pattern recognition receptor that forms heterodimers with other TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS. It interacts with multiple ligands including PEPTIDOGLYCAN, bacterial LIPOPROTEINS, lipoarabinomannan, and a variety of PORINS.Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217)Nitrate Reductase: An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. It is a cytochrome protein that contains IRON and MOLYBDENUM.Lymphocyte Activation: Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.Diagnostic Errors: Incorrect diagnoses after clinical examination or technical diagnostic procedures.Interferon-gamma Release Tests: The assay of INTERFERON-GAMMA released from lymphocytes after their exposure to a specific test antigen, to check for IMMUNOLOGIC MEMORY resulting from a previous exposure to the antigen. The amount of interferon-gamma released is usually assayed by an ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY.Vaccination: Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.Galactans: Polysaccharides composed of repeating galactose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages.Peritonitis, Tuberculous: A form of PERITONITIS seen in patients with TUBERCULOSIS, characterized by lesion either as a miliary form or as a pelvic mass on the peritoneal surfaces. Most patients have ASCITES, abdominal swelling, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and other systemic symptoms such as FEVER; WEIGHT LOSS; and ANEMIA.Immunologic Tests: Immunologic techniques involved in diagnosis.Immunity, Cellular: Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha: Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.Macrophage Activation: The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants.Aerosols: Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Oxazines: Six-membered heterocycles containing an oxygen and a nitrogen.Alanine Dehydrogenase: An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible DEAMINATION of L-ALANINE to PYRUVATE and AMMONIA. The enzyme is needed for growth when ALANINE is the sole CARBON or NITROGEN source. It may also play a role in CELL WALL synthesis because L-ALANINE is an important constituent of the PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer.Emigration and Immigration: The process of leaving one's country to establish residence in a foreign country.IndiaQuinolinesProtein Structure, Tertiary: The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.Paleopathology: The study of disease in prehistoric times as revealed in bones, mummies, and archaeologic artifacts.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Radiography, Thoracic: X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs.Drug Resistance, Multiple: Simultaneous resistance to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs.Macrophages, Alveolar: Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells.Chromatography, Thin Layer: Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Pleural Effusion: Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.Genetic Complementation Test: A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.Monocytes: Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.Substrate Specificity: A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Cell-mediated immunity: dealing a direct blow to pathogens. (1/9979)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are essential for defence against viral infections. Recent data demonstrating direct killing of intracellular bacteria by granulysin, a protein released from the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, emphasize the contribution of these lymphocytes to the control of tuberculosis.  (+info)

Surfactant protein A suppresses reactive nitrogen intermediates by alveolar macrophages in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (2/9979)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis attaches to, enters, and replicates within alveolar macrophages (AMs). Our previous studies suggest that surfactant protein A (SP-A) can act as a ligand in the attachment of M. tuberculosis to AMs. Reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs) play a significant role in the killing of mycobacteria. We have demonstrated that RNI levels generated by AMs were significantly increased when interferon-gamma-primed AMs were incubated with M. tuberculosis. However, the RNI levels were significantly suppressed in the presence of SP-A (10 microg/ml). The specificity of SP-A's effect was demonstrated by the use of F(ab')2 fragments of anti-SP-A monoclonal antibodies and by the use of mannosyl-BSA, which blocked the suppression of RNI levels by SP-A. Furthermore, incubation of deglycosylated SP-A with M. tuberculosis failed to suppress RNI by AMs, suggesting that the oligosaccharide component of SP-A, which binds to M. tuberculosis, is necessary for this effect. These results show that SP-A-mediated binding of M. tuberculosis to AMs significantly decreased RNI levels, suggesting that this may be one mechanism by which M. tuberculosis diminishes the cytotoxic response of activated AMs.  (+info)

Tuberculosis outbreaks in prison housing units for HIV-infected inmates--California, 1995-1996. (3/9979)

During 1995-1996, staff from the California departments of corrections and health services and local health departments investigated two outbreaks of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB). The outbreaks occurred in two state correctional institutions with dedicated HIV housing units. In each outbreak, all cases were linked by IS6110-based DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. This report describes the investigations of both outbreaks; the findings indicated that M. tuberculosis can spread rapidly among HIV-infected inmates and be transmitted to their visitors and prison employees, with secondary spread to the community.  (+info)

Influence of sampling on estimates of clustering and recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived from DNA fingerprinting techniques. (4/9979)

The availability of DNA fingerprinting techniques for Mycobacterium tuberculosis has led to attempts to estimate the extent of recent transmission in populations, using the assumption that groups of tuberculosis patients with identical isolates ("clusters") are likely to reflect recently acquired infections. It is never possible to include all cases of tuberculosis in a given population in a study, and the proportion of isolates found to be clustered will depend on the completeness of the sampling. Using stochastic simulation models based on real and hypothetical populations, the authors demonstrate the influence of incomplete sampling on the estimates of clustering obtained. The results show that as the sampling fraction increases, the proportion of isolates identified as clustered also increases and the variance of the estimated proportion clustered decreases. Cluster size is also important: the underestimation of clustering for any given sampling fraction is greater, and the variability in the results obtained is larger, for populations with small clusters than for those with the same number of individuals arranged in large clusters. A considerable amount of caution should be used in interpreting the results of studies on clustering of M. tuberculosis isolates, particularly when sampling fractions are small.  (+info)

A train passenger with pulmonary tuberculosis: evidence of limited transmission during travel. (5/9979)

In January 1996, smear- and culture-positive tuberculosis (TB) was diagnosed for a 22-year-old black man after he had traveled on two U.S. passenger trains (29.1 hours) and a bus (5.5 hours) over 2 days. To determine if transmission had occurred, passengers and crew were notified of the potential exposure and instructed to undergo a tuberculin skin test (TST). Of the 240 persons who completed screening, 4 (2%) had a documented TST conversion (increase in induration of > or = 10 mm between successive TSTs), 11 (5%) had a single positive TST (> or = 10 mm), and 225 (94%) had a negative TST (< 10 mm). For two persons who underwent conversion, no other risk factors for a conversion were identified other than exposure to the ill passenger during train and/or bus travel. These findings support limited transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a potentially highly infectious passenger to other persons during extended train and bus travel.  (+info)

Site-directed spin labeling study of subunit interactions in the alpha-crystallin domain of small heat-shock proteins. Comparison of the oligomer symmetry in alphaA-crystallin, HSP 27, and HSP 16.3. (6/9979)

Site-directed spin labeling was used to investigate quaternary interactions along a conserved sequence in the alpha-crystallin domain of alphaA-crystallin, heat-shock protein 27 (HSP 27), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-shock protein (HSP 16.3). In previous work, it was demonstrated that this sequence in alphaA-crystallin and HSP 27 forms a beta-strand involved in subunit contacts. In this study, the symmetry and geometry of the resulting interface were investigated. For this purpose, the pattern of spin-spin interactions was analyzed, and the number of interacting spins was determined in alphaA-crystallin and HSP 27. The results reveal a 2-fold symmetric interface consisting of two beta-strands interacting near their N termini in an antiparallel fashion. Remarkably, subunit interactions along this interface persist when the alpha-crystallin domains are expressed in isolation. Because this domain in alphaA-crystallin forms dimers and tetramers, it is inferred that interactions along this interface mediate the formation of a basic dimeric unit. In contrast, in HSP 16.3, spin-spin interactions are observed at only one site near the C terminus of the sequence. Furthermore, cysteine substitutions at residues flanking the N terminus resulted in the dissociation of the oligomeric structure. Analysis of the spin-spin interactions and size exclusion chromatography indicates a 3-fold symmetric interface. Taken together, our results demonstrate that subunit interactions in the alpha-crystallin domain of mammalian small heat-shock proteins assemble a basic building block of the oligomeric structure. Sequence divergence in this domain results in variations in the size and symmetry of the quaternary structure between distant members of the small heat-shock protein family.  (+info)

Comparison of synonymous codon distribution patterns of bacteriophage and host genomes. (7/9979)

Synonymous codon usage patterns of bacteriophage and host genomes were compared. Two indexes, G + C base composition of a gene (fgc) and fraction of translationally optimal codons of the gene (fop), were used in the comparison. Synonymous codon usage data of all the coding sequences on a genome are represented as a cloud of points in the plane of fop vs. fgc. The Escherichia coli coding sequences appear to exhibit two phases, "rising" and "flat" phases. Genes that are essential for survival and are thought to be native are located in the flat phase, while foreign-type genes from prophages and transposons are found in the rising phase with a slope of nearly unity in the fgc vs. fop plot. Synonymous codon distribution patterns of genes from temperate phages P4, P2, N15 and lambda are similar to the pattern of E. coli rising phase genes. In contrast, genes from the virulent phage T7 or T4, for which a phage-encoded DNA polymerase is identified, fall in a linear curve with a slope of nearly zero in the fop vs. fgc plane. These results may suggest that the G + C contents for T7, T4 and E. coli flat phase genes are subject to the directional mutation pressure and are determined by the DNA polymerase used in the replication. There is significant variation in the fop values of the phage genes, suggesting an adjustment to gene expression level. Similar analyses of codon distribution patterns were carried out for Haemophilus influenzae, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their phages with complete genomic sequences available.  (+info)

Fluoroquinolone action against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: effects of a C-8 methoxyl group on survival in liquid media and in human macrophages. (8/9979)

When the lethal action of a C-8 methoxyl fluoroquinolone against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in liquid medium was measured, the compound was found to be three to four times more effective (as determined by measuring the 90% lethal dose) than a C-8-H control fluoroquinolone or ciprofloxacin against cells having a wild-type gyrA (gyrase) gene. Against ciprofloxacin-resistant strains, the C-8 methoxyl group enhanced lethality when alanine was replaced by valine at position 90 of the GyrA protein or when aspartic acid 94 was replaced by glycine, histidine, or tyrosine. During infection of a human macrophage model by wild-type Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the C-8 methoxyl group lowered survival 20- to 100-fold compared with the same concentration of a C-8-H fluoroquinolone. The C-8 methoxyl fluoroquinolone was also more effective than ciprofloxacin against a gyrA Asn94 mutant of M. bovis BCG. In an M. tuberculosis-macrophage system the C-8 methoxyl group improved fluoroquinolone action against both quinolone-susceptible and quinolone-resistant clinical isolates. Thus, a C-8 methoxyl group enhances the bactericidal activity of quinolones with N1-cyclopropyl substitutions; these data encourage further refinement of fluoroquinolones as antituberculosis agents.  (+info)

Comparative analysis of B- and T-cell epitopes of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate protein...Comparative analysis of B- and T-cell epitopes of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate protein...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Comparative analysis of B- and T-cell epitopes of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate protein 10. AU - Spencer, John S.. AU - Kim, Hee Jin. AU - Marques, Angela M.. AU - Gonzalez-Juarerro, Mercedes. AU - Lima, Monica C.B.S.. AU - Vissa, Varalakshmi D.. AU - Truman, Richard W.. AU - Gennaro, Maria Laura. AU - Cho, Sang Nae. AU - Cole, Stewart T.. AU - Brennan, Patrick J.. PY - 2004/6. Y1 - 2004/6. N2 - Culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a well-characterized immunodominant 10-kDa protein antigen known to elicit a very potent early gamma interferon response in T cells from M. tuberculosis-infected mice and humans. The sequence of the Mycobacterium leprae homologue of CFP-10 shows only 40% identity (60% homology) at the protein level with M. tuberculosis CFP-10 and thus has the potential for development as a T- or B-cell reactive antigen for specific diagnosis of leprosy. Antisera raised in mice or rabbits against ...
New Study: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Protein Ag85A Pipeline Market Review, H2 2016 by Radiant Insights | Gurgaon SamacharNew Study: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Protein Ag85A Pipeline Market Review, H2 2016 by Radiant Insights | Gurgaon Samachar
Global Markets Directs, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Protein Ag85A - Pipeline Review, H2 2016, provides in depth analysis on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Protein Ag85A targeted pipeline therapeutics.. The report provides comprehensive information on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Protein Ag85A, targeted therapeutics, complete with analysis by indications, stage of development, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA) and molecule type. The report also covers the descriptive pharmacological action of the therapeutics, its complete research and development history and latest news and press releases. Additionally, the report provides an overview of key players involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Protein Ag85A targeted therapeutics development and features dormant and discontinued projects.. Access Full Report with TOC @ http://www.radiantinsights.com/research/mycobacterium-tuberculosis-protein-ag85a-pipeline-review-h2-2016. Global Markets Directs report features investigational ...
Production of antibodies against glycolipids from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall in aerosol murine models of...Production of antibodies against glycolipids from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall in aerosol murine models of...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Production of antibodies against glycolipids from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall in aerosol murine models of tuberculosis. AU - Cardona, P. J.. AU - Julián, E.. AU - Vallès, X.. AU - Gordillo, S.. AU - Muñoz, M.. AU - Luquin, M.. AU - Ausina, V.. PY - 2002/5/30. Y1 - 2002/5/30. N2 - Evolution of antibodies against glycolipids from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall has been studied for the first time in experimental murine models of tuberculosis induced by aerosol, in which infection, reinfection, reactivation, prophylaxis and treatment with antibiotics have been assayed. Results show a significant humeral response against these antigens, where diacyltrehaleses (DAT) and sulphelipid I (SL-I) elicited higher antibody levels than protein antigens like antigen 85 protein complex (Ag85), culture filtrate proteins (CFP) and purified protein derivative (PPD). Only immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies have been detected against DAT and SL-I. Their evolution has a ...
Welcome to CDC stacks | Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Strains, Alberta, Canada, 1991-2007 - 19019 |...Welcome to CDC stacks | Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Strains, Alberta, Canada, 1991-2007 - 19019 |...
Beijing strains are speculated to have a selective advantage over other Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains because of increased transmissibility and virulence. In Alberta, a province of Canada that receives a large number of immigrants, we conducted a population-based study to determine whether Beijing strains were associated with increased transmission leading to disease compared with non-Beijing strains. Beijing strains accounted for 258 (19%) of 1,379 pulmonary tuberculosis cases in 1991-2007; overall, 21% of Beijing cases and 37% of non-Beijing cases were associated with transmission clusters. Beijing index cases had significantly fewer secondary cases within 2 years than did non-Beijing cases, but this difference disappeared after adjustment for demographic characteristics, infectiousness, and M. tuberculosis lineage. In a province that has effective tuberculosis control, transmission of Beijing strains posed no more of a public health threat than did non-Beijing strains ...
Modeling Host-Pathogen Interaction to Elucidate the Metabolic Drug Response of Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis<...Modeling Host-Pathogen Interaction to Elucidate the Metabolic Drug Response of Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Modeling Host-Pathogen Interaction to Elucidate the Metabolic Drug Response of Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AU - Rienksma, Rienk A.. AU - Schaap, Peter J.. AU - Martins Dos Santos, Vitor A.P.. AU - Suarez-Diez, Maria. PY - 2019/5/8. Y1 - 2019/5/8. N2 - Little is known about the metabolic state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) inside the phagosome, a compartment inside phagocytes for killing pathogens and other foreign substances. We have developed a combined model of Mtb and human metabolism, sMtb-RECON and used this model to predict the metabolic state of Mtb during infection of the host. Amino acids are predicted to be used for energy production as well as biomass formation. Subsequently we assessed the effect of increasing dosages of drugs targeting metabolism on the metabolic state of the pathogen and predict resulting metabolic adaptations and flux rerouting through various pathways. In particular, the TCA cycle becomes more important upon drug application, ...
HIV Interferes with the Dendritic Cell-T Cell Axis of Macrophage Activation by Shifting Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4...HIV Interferes with the Dendritic Cell-T Cell Axis of Macrophage Activation by Shifting Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4...
HIV coinfection is the greatest risk factor for transition of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection into active tuberculosis (TB). Epidemiological data reveal both the reduction and the impairment of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells, although the cellular link and actual mechanisms resulting in immune impairment/suppression need further characterization. M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells play a central role in development of protective immunity against TB, in which they participate in the activation of macrophages through the dendritic cell (DC)-T cell axis. Using an in vitro priming system for generating Ag-specific T cells, we explored if HIV-M. tuberculosis-infected (coinfected) human DCs can dysregulate the M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cell phenotype and functionality and subsequently mediate the failure to control M. tuberculosis infection in macrophages. After coculture with coinfected DCs, M. tuberculosis Ag-specific CD4 T cells lost their ability to enhance control of M. ...
Recombinant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ADK Protein (1-181 aa), His-SUMO-tagged ADK-2233M - Creative BioMartRecombinant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ADK Protein (1-181 aa), His-SUMO-tagged ADK-2233M - Creative BioMart
Purified Recombinant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ADK Protein (1-181 aa), His-SUMO-tagged from Creative Biomart. Recombinant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ADK Protein (1-181 aa), His-SUMO-tagged can be used for research.
Identification of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene that enhances mycobacterial survival in macrophages - Fingerprint -...Identification of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene that enhances mycobacterial survival in macrophages - Fingerprint -...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Identification of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene that enhances mycobacterial survival in macrophages. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Best Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Doctor in Bangalore, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Doctors | CredihealthBest Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Doctor in Bangalore, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Doctors | Credihealth
Find the best mycobacterium tuberculosis complex doctors in Bangalore. Get guidance from medical experts to select mycobacterium tuberculosis complex specialist in Bangalore from trusted hospitals - credihealth.com
Veterinary PCR Kits - TBC - Mycobacterium tuberculosis PCR Detection KitVeterinary PCR Kits - TBC - Mycobacterium tuberculosis PCR Detection Kit
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. Tuberculous arthritis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis also has been described. The joints most frequently involved are the spine, hips, knees, wrists, and ankles. Valvular endocarditis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis also has been reported. If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal. VetPCR TBC Detection Kit is the direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the basis of a genetic database, so it can diagnose very fast and accurately. It can amplify only specific gene using the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method, and take only 3 hours for detection. Therefore, it is a very fast, accurate and reliable technique.
Secreted immunodominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens are processed by the cytosolic pathway<...Secreted immunodominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens are processed by the cytosolic pathway<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Secreted immunodominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens are processed by the cytosolic pathway. AU - Grotzke, Jeff E.. AU - Siler, Anne C.. AU - Lewinsohn, Deborah A.. AU - Lewinsohn, David M.. PY - 2010/10/1. Y1 - 2010/10/1. N2 - Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis can result in lifelong but asymptomatic infection in most individuals. Although CD8+ T cells are elicited at high frequencies over the course of infection in both humans and mice, how phagosomal M. tuberculosis Ags are processed and presented by MHC class I molecules is poorly understood. Broadly, both cytosolic and noncytosolic pathways have been described. We have previously characterized the presentation of three HLA-I epitopes from M. tuberculosis and shown that these Ags are processed in the cytosol, whereas others have demonstrated noncytosolic presentation of the 19-kDa lipoprotein as well as apoptotic bodies from M. tuberculosis-infected cells. In this paper, we now characterize the processing pathway ...
Table 2 - Drug Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype and Association with MDR TB - Volume 18, Number 4...Table 2 - Drug Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype and Association with MDR TB - Volume 18, Number 4...
To determine differences in the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to withstand antituberculosis drug treatment, we compared the activity of antituberculosis drugs against susceptible Beijing and East-African/Indian genotype M. tuberculosis strains. Beijing genotype strains showed high rates of mutation within a wide range of drug concentrations, possibly explaining this genotypes association with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Organisms: Resolution...Genome-Wide Analysis of Synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Organisms: Resolution...
Advantages of sSNP genotyping: sSNPs afford many advantages for analysis of phylogenetic relationships among microbial strains, especially closely related clonal organisms such as the M. tuberculosis complex. Most or all sSNPs are selectively neutral and hence minimally subject to convergence, a process that can obscure or distort evolutionary relationships (Kimura 1983). Binary data are obtained, which means that the information is readily amenable to storage, retrieval, analysis by personal computers equipped with simple software, and comparison between different laboratories and studies. Importantly, the considerable biomedical interest in human SNPs (Schorket al. 2000; Dalyet al. 2001; Gut 2001; Johnsonet al. 2001) means that microbial pathogen research will benefit extensively from the ongoing development and implementation of methods to index very large numbers of SNPs efficiently, inexpensively, and automatically (Kwok 2001). Because of the many advantages of using sSNP analysis for ...
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis at autopsy-exposure and protection: an old adversary revisited | Journal of Clinical PathologyMycobacterium tuberculosis at autopsy-exposure and protection: an old adversary revisited | Journal of Clinical Pathology
Background: The risk of encountering tuberculosis (TB) has reduced with the decreased incidence of the disease; however, it still can be found at autopsy.. Aim: To assess the magnitude of exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis at autopsy in a large general hospital setting, in a country with low incidence.. Methods: Retrospective search of the autopsy records from 1991 to 2004. Patients records and histological slides were reviewed, and medical personnel interviewed.. Results: 15 cases of active TB were identified in the 14-year period, during which 4930 autopsies were performed (1 case per 329 autopsies); of these, 10 cases were unsuspected (67%). Five of these cases contained abundant acid-fast bacilli. Patients tended to be middle aged and males with complex clinical histories; two were HIV positive. Two patients were brought in dead to hospital, with no clinical indication of TB. Of 15 autopsy staff, 1 required chemoprophylaxis but none contracted TB.. Conclusion: The risk of unexpectedly ...
Evaluation of the Genotype® MTBDRsl® VER 2.0 assay for second-line drug resistance detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis...Evaluation of the Genotype® MTBDRsl® VER 2.0 assay for second-line drug resistance detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis...
Early detection of resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs is important for the management of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB. The Genotype® MTBDRsl VERSION 2.0 (VER 2.0) line probe assay has been redesigned for molecular detection of resistance-conferring mutations of fluoroquinolones (FLQ) (gyrA and gyrB genes) and second-line injectable drugs (SLID) (rrs and eis genes). The study evaluated the diagnostic performance of MTBDRsl VER 2.0 for the detection of second-line drug resistance compared with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST), using the Bactec™ MGIT 960 system on Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from South Africa. A total of 268 repository isolates collected between 2012 and 2014, with rifampicin -mono-resistant (RR) or MDR based on DST were selected. MTBDRsl VER 2.0 testing was performed on these isolates and results analysed. The MTBDRsl VER 2.0 sensitivity and specificity indices for culture isolates were; FLQ 100% (95% CI, 95.8-100%) ; 98.9% (95% CI, ...
Protein kinases and nitric oxide in the stealthy survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at University of Leicester on FindAPhD...Protein kinases and nitric oxide in the stealthy survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at University of Leicester on FindAPhD...
PhD Project - Protein kinases and nitric oxide in the stealthy survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at University of Leicester, listed on FindAPhD.com
Signs of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Susceptibility to, X-linked - RightDiagnosis.comSigns of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Susceptibility to, X-linked - RightDiagnosis.com
Signs of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Susceptibility to, X-linked including medical signs and symptoms of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Susceptibility to, X-linked, symptoms, misdiagnosis, tests, common medical issues, duration, and the correct diagnosis for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Susceptibility to, X-linked signs or Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Susceptibility to, X-linked symptoms.
Mixed Th1 and Th2 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-specific CD4 T Cell Responses in Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis from...Mixed Th1 and Th2 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-specific CD4 T Cell Responses in Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis from...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and helminth infections elicit antagonistic immune effector functions and are co-endemic in several regions of the world. We therefore hypothesized that helminth infection may influence Mtb-specific T-cell immune responses. We evaluated the cytokine profile of Mtb-specific T cells in 72 individuals with pulmonary TB disease recruited from two Sub-Saharan regions with high and moderate helminth burden i.e. 55 from Tanzania (TZ) and 17 from South Africa (SA), respectively. We showed that Mtb-specific CD4 T-cell functional profile of TB patients from Tanzania are primarily composed of polyfunctional Th1 and Th2 cells, associated with increased expression of Gata-3 and reduced expression of T-bet in memory CD4 T cells. In contrast, the cytokine profile of Mtb-specific CD4 T cells of TB patients from SA was dominated by single IFN-γ and dual IFN-γ/TNF-α and associated with TB-induced systemic inflammation and elevated serum levels of type I IFNs. Of note, the ...
AID 1084878 - Antitubercular activity against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by NCCLS agar dilution method -...AID 1084878 - Antitubercular activity against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by NCCLS agar dilution method -...
BioAssay record AID 1084878 submitted by ChEMBL: Antitubercular activity against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by NCCLS agar dilution method.
Impact of Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Public Health Practice in Massachusetts - Volume 8, Number 11-November...Impact of Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Public Health Practice in Massachusetts - Volume 8, Number 11-November...
Massachusetts was one of seven sentinel surveillance sites in the National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network. From 1996 through 2000, isolates from new patients with tuberculosis (TB) underwent genotyping. We describe the impact that genotyping had on public health practice in Massachusetts and some limitations of the technique. Through genotyping, we explored the dynamics of TB outbreaks, investigated laboratory cross-contamination, and identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, transmission sites, and accurate epidemiologic links. Genotyping should be used with epidemiologic follow-up to identify how resources can best be allocated to investigate genotypic findings.
AID 245416 - Minimum inhibitory concentration against resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates; N=9; Range=8-16 -...AID 245416 - Minimum inhibitory concentration against resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates; N=9; Range=8-16 -...
BioAssay record AID 245416 submitted by ChEMBL: Minimum inhibitory concentration against resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates; N=9; Range=8-16.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Zopf) Lehmann and Neumann ATCC ® 25177Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Zopf) Lehmann and Neumann ATCC ® 25177
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC ® 25177D-5™ Designation: Genomic DNA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain H37Ra TypeStrain=False Application: Respiratory research
Frontiers | Phosphoproteomics analysis of a clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing isolate: expanding the mycobacterial...Frontiers | Phosphoproteomics analysis of a clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing isolate: expanding the mycobacterial...
Reversible protein phosphorylation, regulated by protein kinases and phosphatases, mediates a switch between protein activity and cellular pathways that contribute to a large number of cellular processes. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome encodes 11 Serine/Threonine kinases (STPKs) which show close homology to eukaryotic kinases. This study aimed to elucidate the phosphoproteomic landscape of a clinical isolate of M. tuberculosis. We performed a high throughput mass spectrometric analysis of proteins extracted from an early-logarithmic phase culture. Whole cell lysate proteins were processed using the filter-aided sample preparation method, followed by phosphopeptide enrichment of tryptic peptides by strong cation exchange (SCX) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) chromatography. The MaxQuant quantitative proteomics software package was used for protein identification. Our analysis identified 414 serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphorylated sites, with a distribution of S/T/Y sites; 38% on serine, 59% on
Flexible nitrogen utilisation by the metabolic generalist pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis | eLifeFlexible nitrogen utilisation by the metabolic generalist pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis | eLife
Metabolomics and stable isotope labelling studies of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveal a de-centralised metabolic network able to utilise various amino acids as nitrogen sources to a better extent than ammonium.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Lineage Favors the Spread of | DocsfordMycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Lineage Favors the Spread of | Docsford
3550 NIEMANN ET AL. J. CLIN. MICROBIOL. 5. Cohen, T., and M. Murray. 2004. Modeling epidemics of multidrug-resistant 23. Mokrousov, I., T. Otten, B. Vyshnevskiy, and O. Narvskaya. 2002. Detection Mycobacterium tuberculosis of heterogeneous ！tness. Nat. Med. 10:1117- of embB306 mutations in ethambutol-susceptible clinical isolates of Myco- 1121. bacterium tuberculosis from Northwestern Russia: implications for genotypic 6. Comas, I., S. Homolka, S. Niemann, and S. Gagneux. 2009. Genotyping of resistance testing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:3810-3813. genetically monomorphic bacteria: DNA sequencing in mycobacterium tu- 24. Mokrousov, I., T. Otten, T. Zozio, E. Turkin, V. Nazemtseva, A. Sheremet, B. berculosis highlights the limitations of current methodologies. PLoS One Vishnevsky, O. Narvskaya, and N. Rastogi. 2009. At Baltic crossroads: a 4:e7815. molecular snapshot of Mycobacterium tuberculosis population diversity in 7. Cox, H. S., S. Kalon, S. Allamuratova, V. Sizaire, Z. N. Tigay, S. Rusch- ...
Characterization of the Genetic Diversity of Extensively-Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates from...Characterization of the Genetic Diversity of Extensively-Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates from...
BACKGROUND: Peru holds the fourth highest burden of tuberculosis in the Americas. Despite an apparently well-functioning DOTS control program, the prevalence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) continues to increase. To worsen this situation, cases of extensively drug resistance tuberculosis (XDR-TB) have been detected. Little information exists about the genetic diversity of drug-susceptible vs. MDR-TB and XDR-TB. METHODS: Cryopreserved samples of XDR strains from 2007 to 2009 (second semester), were identified and collected. Starting from 227 frozen samples, a total of 142 XDR-TB strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC; 1 isolate per patient) were retained for this study. Each strain DNA was analyzed by spoligotyping and the 15-loci Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit (MIRU-15). RESULTS: Among the 142 isolates analyzed, only 2 samples (1.41%) could not be matched to any lineage. The most prevalent sublineage was Haarlem (43.66%), followed by T (27.46%), LAM (16.2%),
Pathogenesis, Immunology, and Diagnosis of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis InfectionPathogenesis, Immunology, and Diagnosis of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli by antigen-presenting cells in human lung alveoli initiates a complex infection process by |i|Mycobacterium tuberculosis|/i| and a potentially protective immune response by the host. |i|M. tuberculosis|/i| has devoted a large part of its genome towards functions that allow it to successfully establish latent or progressive infection in the majority of infected individuals. The failure of immune-mediated clearance is due to multiple strategies adopted by |i|M. tuberculosis|/i| that blunt the microbicidal mechanisms of infected immune cells and formation of distinct granulomatous lesions that differ in their ability to support or suppress the persistence of viable |i|M. tuberculosis|/i|. In this paper, current understanding of various immune processes that lead to the establishment of latent |i|M. tuberculosis|/i| infection, bacterial spreading, persistence, reactivation, and waning or elimination of latent infection as well as new diagnostic approaches being used for
Spontaneous phthiocerol dimycocerosate-deficient variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are susceptible to gamma interferon...Spontaneous phthiocerol dimycocerosate-deficient variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are susceptible to gamma interferon...
Spontaneous phthiocerol dimycocerosate-deficient variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are susceptible to gamma interferon-mediated immunity Academic Article ...
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis | Diagnostic Laboratory Services, Inc.Mycobacterium Tuberculosis | Diagnostic Laboratory Services, Inc.
Rapid and accurate detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBc) is a key aspect of effective tuberculosis treatment and control. The Amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex Direct Test (Gen-Probe) utilizes transcription mediated amplification to detect MTB complex ribosomal RNA. This test is very sensitive, specific, and can be performed within 5 hours. Although it does not differentiate among members of the MTB complex, i.e., M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. bovis BCG, M africanum, and M. microti , the isolation of the last 4 organisms is very rare.. The test is currently approved by FDA for AFB smear-positive respiratory specimens from untreated patients (sensitivity = 98%, specificity = 96.8%). However, studies have shown that it will also benefit patients with high suspicion of tuberculosis, but with negative AFB smear results. A positive result is strongly suggestive for the diagnosis of tuberculosis if the clinical history and radiographic finding are consistent. This test ...
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Close Childhood Contacts of...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Close Childhood Contacts of...
Abstract. Tobacco use is a major risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). Secondhand smoke (SHS) is also a risk factor for TB and to a lesser extent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without disease. We investigated the added risk of M. tuberculosis infection due to SHS exposure in childhood contacts of TB cases in The Gambia. Participants were childhood household contacts aged ≤ 14 years of newly diagnosed pulmonary TB (PTB) cases. The intensity of exposure to the case was categorized according to whether contacts slept in the same room, same house, or a different house as the case. Contacts were tested with an enzyme-linked immunospot interferon gamma release assay. In multivariate regression models, M. tuberculosis infection was associated with increasing exposure to a case (odds ratios [OR]: 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.11-71.4, P | 0.001]) and with male gender (OR: 1.5 [95% CI: 1.12-2.11], P = 0.008). Tobacco use caused a 3-fold increase in the odds of M. tuberculosis infection in children
Viewpoint: Scientific dogmas, paradoxes and mysteries of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection - GOV.UKViewpoint: Scientific dogmas, paradoxes and mysteries of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection - GOV.UK
Worldwide, there are nearly 10 million new cases of active TB and 1.8 million associated deaths every year. WHO estimates that one-third of the worlds population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), forming a huge latent Mtb global reservoir. This renders the prospect of ever eliminating Mtb from the human race almost impossible. Several controversial issues regarding host-pathogen interactions and existing prevention and eradication strategies for latent Mtb infections need to be critically re-examined. In this viewpoint, widely held assumptions on Mtb latency and isoniazid monotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are challenged. We highlight the need for future research to resolve these issues and to develop evidence-based strategies for better understanding of equilibrium and escape of Mtb in the human body, eventually leading to global recommendations for elimination of the latent Mtb state through informed policy and practice. Until such strategies and policies are realized, WHO and ...
Translational Studies of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-Induced Lung and Pleural Fibrosis - Taipei Medical UniversityTranslational Studies of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-Induced Lung and Pleural Fibrosis - Taipei Medical University
Pulmonary and pleural fibrosis is one of pathological characterized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection in the lungs. When the lungs are infected with M. tb, the recruitment of immune cells and fibroblasts leads to granuloma formation and fibrotic scaring in interstitial lung tissue, which in turns causes irreversible loss of pulmonary function and pulmonary failure. Several studies indicated that the fibrotic factors, such as transforming growth factor- (TGF-), were increased in pleural effusion and serum of patient with tuberculosis. The expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a fibrotic factor, has been reported in lung fibrosis. However, the mechanism of M. tb-induced CTGF expression in human lung fibroblasts is still unclear. Fibrocytes are unique bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells found in circulation. Fibrocytes have been shown to play an important role in wound healing following injury and in the generation of pulmonary fibrosis. Previous ...
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Revaccination of Adults with Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Induces Long-Lived BCG...Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Revaccination of Adults with Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Induces Long-Lived BCG...
One third of the global population is estimated to be latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis We performed a phase I randomized controlled trial of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) before revaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in healthy, tuberculin skin test-positive (≥15-mm induration), HIV-negative South African adults. We hypothesized that preclearance of latent bacilli with IPT modulates BCG immunogenicity following revaccination. Frequencies and coexpression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-17, and/or IL-22 in CD4 T cells and IFN-γ-expressing CD8 T, γδ T, CD3(+)CD56(+) NKT-like, and NK cells in response to BCG were measured using whole blood intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. We analyzed 72 participants who were revaccinated with BCG after IPT (n = 33) or without prior IPT (n = 39). IPT had little effect on frequencies or cytokine coexpression patterns of M. tuberculosis- or BCG-specific responses. Revaccination transiently boosted BCG-specific Th1 ...
Five Years Evaluation of the BD ProbeTec System for the Direct Molecular Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in...Five Years' Evaluation of the BD ProbeTec System for the Direct Molecular Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in...
In this study, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was detected by BD ProbeTec ET system in 4716 respiratory and 167 nonrespiratory samples [mostly (98%) smear negative]. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 81.8%, 98.3, 85.1 and 97.9 for respiratory and 100%, 96.2, 64.7 and 100, for nonrespiratory samples, respectively. Among 149 (3.1%) ProbeTec DTB positive and culture negative samples, 72 (65 respiratory and seven nonrespiratory) (48.3%) were recovered from the patients who were evaluated as having TB infection. The system has been found as useful in early diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in association with the clinical, radiological and histopathological findings.. Key words: BD ProbeTec ET, extrapulmonary, molecular detection, pulmonary, tuberculosis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tuberculosis (TB) has been still an important problem all over world (WHO, 2013a). The definitive TB diagnosis depends on the results of microbiological ...
Middlebrook 7H11 Agar, Thin Pour - Microscopic Procedure - for early detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growthMiddlebrook 7H11 Agar, Thin Pour - Microscopic Procedure - for early detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth
In 1947 Dubos and Middlebrook formulated a media (7H9) containing albumin and oleic acid which enhanced the growth of tubercle bacilli, and protected the organisms against a variety of toxic agents. (5) Later, in 1958, Middlebrook and Cohn improved this first formulation and developed a media (7H10) which allowed more luxuriant, faster growth of Mycobacterium species. (9) Cohn, in 1968, incorporated casein hydrolysate into the 7H10 medium, and obtained a media that stimulated the growth of mycobacteria that would not otherwise grow on the 7H10 medium. This formulation was then designated 7H11 Agar, and is recommended over 7H10 Agar. (4,7) Middlebrook 7H11 Agar contains inorganic compounds that supply essential growth stimulating inorganic salts as well as vitamins and necessary co-factors. Glycerol is provided as a source of carbon and energy for the tubercle organisms. Sodium citrate is converted to citric acid, which holds the inorganic cations in solution. Casein hydrolysate is incorporated ...
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HIV coinfection is the greatest risk factor for transition of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection into active tuberculosis (TB). Epidemiological data reveal both the reduction and the impairment of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells, although the cellular link and actual mechanisms resulting in immune impairment/suppression need further characterization. M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells play a central role in development of protective immunity against TB, in which they participate in the activation of macrophages through the dendritic cell (DC)-T cell axis. Using an in vitro priming system for generating Ag-specific T cells, we explored if HIV-M. tuberculosis-infected (coinfected) human DCs can dysregulate the M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cell phenotype and functionality and subsequently mediate the failure to control M. tuberculosis infection in macrophages. After coculture with coinfected DCs, M. tuberculosis Ag-specific CD4 T cells lost their ability to enhance control of M. ...
PLOS Pathogens: Memory T Cells in Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Are Directed against Three Antigenic Islands and...PLOS Pathogens: Memory T Cells in Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Are Directed against Three Antigenic Islands and...
Author Summary Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most life-threatening pathogens of all time, having infected one-third of the present human population. There is an urgent need for both novel vaccines and diagnostic strategies. Here, we were able to identify the targets most dominantly recognized by latently infected individual that successfully contain infection. These targets are contained in three broadly genomic antigenic islands, all related to bacterial secretion systems and composed by several distinct ORFs. Thus, our results suggest that vaccination with one or few defined antigens will fail to replicate the response associated with natural immunity. Our analysis also pinpoints that the Th1 cells dominating the response are associated with novel and well-defined phenotypic markers, suggesting that the response is molded by unique MTB associated factors. This study demonstrates further that the approach combining peptide binding predictions with modern high throughput techniques is
Proficiency of drug susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Taiwan<...Proficiency of drug susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Taiwan<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Proficiency of drug susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Taiwan. AU - Jou, Ruwen. AU - Chiang, C. Y.. AU - Yu, C. Y.. AU - Wu, M. H.. PY - 2009/9. Y1 - 2009/9. N2 - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of external quality assessment on the quality of drug susceptibility testing (DST) in clinical mycobacteriology laboratories. DESIGN: A pilot evaluation of DST proficiency was conducted in 2006 and scaled up in 2007. A panel consisting of 20 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates was used. Accuracy of 95% in detecting resistance to both isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP), and 90% to both ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin (SM), was used to define a competent laboratory. RESULTS: Nine laboratories participated in 2006 and 30 in 2007. In 2006, the mean accuracy in detecting resistance to INH was 91.6%, for RMP it was 96.1%, for EMB it was 90.5% and for SM it was 93.9%. In 2007, the mean accuracy in detecting resistance to INH increased to 95.7% and that for RMP to ...
Structural basis for the specific inhibition of protein kinase G, a virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Structural basis for the specific inhibition of protein kinase G, a virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Scherr N., Honnappa S., Kunz G., Mueller P., Jayachandran R., Winkler F., Pieters J., Steinmetz M.O.. The pathogenicity of mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis is closely associated with their capacity to survive within host macrophages. A crucial virulence factor for intracellular mycobacterial survival is protein kinase G (PknG), a eukaryotic-like serine/threonine protein kinase expressed by pathogenic mycobacteria that blocks the intracellular degradation of mycobacteria in lysosomes. Inhibition of PknG with the highly selective low-molecular-weight inhibitor AX20017 results in mycobacterial transfer to lysosomes and killing of the mycobacteria. Here, we report the 2.4 A x-ray crystal structure of PknG in complex with AX20017. The unique multidomain topology of PknG reveals a central kinase domain that is flanked by N- and C-terminal rubredoxin and tetratrico-peptide repeat domains, respectively. Directed mutagenesis suggests that the rubredoxin domain functions as a regulator of ...
Measurement of sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis messenger RNA as a surrogate for response to chemotherapy<...Measurement of sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis messenger RNA as a surrogate for response to chemotherapy<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Measurement of sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis messenger RNA as a surrogate for response to chemotherapy. AU - Desjardin, Lucy E.. AU - Perkins, Mark D.. AU - Wolski, Kathy. AU - Haun, Shirley. AU - Teixeira, Luciléia. AU - Chen, Ying. AU - Johnson, John L.. AU - Ellner, Jerrold J.. AU - Dietze, Reynaldo. AU - Bates, Joseph. AU - Cave, M. Donald. AU - Eisenach, Kathleen D.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. N2 - Effective treatment regimens for pulmonary tuberculosis are difficult to assess because of the slow growth rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture and its protracted clearance from sputum. A rapid method that reflects effective antimicrobial activity would markedly advance evaluation of treatment and promote the assessment of new antituberculosis drugs. Conventional methods measure the progressive reduction of numbers of acid- fast bacilli in the sputum smear and the clearance of organisms in sputum culture. In this study, we measured levels of M. tuberculosis 85B (alpha ...
Failure of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis ΔRD1 ΔpanCD double deletion mutant in a neonatal calf aerosol M. bovis challenge model:...Failure of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis ΔRD1 ΔpanCD double deletion mutant in a neonatal calf aerosol M. bovis challenge model:...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Failure of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis ΔRD1 ΔpanCD double deletion mutant in a neonatal calf aerosol M. bovis challenge model. T2 - Comparisons to responses elicited by M. bovis bacille Calmette Guerin. AU - Waters, W. Ray. AU - Palmer, Mitchell V.. AU - Nonnecke, Brian J.. AU - Thacker, Tyler C.. AU - Scherer, Charles F Capinos. AU - Estes, D. Mark. AU - Jacobs, William R.. AU - Glatman-Freedman, Aharona. AU - Larsen, Michelle H.. PY - 2007/11/7. Y1 - 2007/11/7. N2 - An attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis RD1 knockout and pantothenate auxotroph (mc26030) vaccine administered at 2 weeks of age failed to protect calves from low dose, aerosol M. bovis challenge at 2.5 months of age. In contrast, M. bovis bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG)-vaccinates had reduced tuberculosis-associated pathology as compared to non- and mc26030-vaccinates. Mycobacterial colonization was not impacted by vaccination. Positive prognostic indicators associated with reduced pathology in the BCG-vaccinated ...
Molecular detection of mixed infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in sputum samples from patients in Karonga...Molecular detection of mixed infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in sputum samples from patients in Karonga...
The occurrence of mixed infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is no longer disputed. However, their frequency, and the impact they may have on our understanding of tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis and epidemiology, remains undetermined. Most previous studies of frequency applied genotyping techniques to cultured M. tuberculosis isolates and found mixed infections to be rare. PCR-based techniques may be more sensitive for detecting multiple M. tuberculosis strains and can be applied to sputum. To date, one study in South Africa has used a PCR approach and suggested that mixed infection could be common. We investigated mixed infections in northern Malawi using two lineage-specific PCR assays targeting the Latin American-Mediterranean (LAM) and Beijing lineages. Compared with spoligotyping, the specificity and sensitivity of both assays was 100%. From 160 culture-positive sputa, mixed LAM and non-LAM strains were detected in 4 sputa belonging to 2 (2.8%) patients. Both patients were HIV positive, ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SEM - Stock Image C037/0132 - Science Photo LibraryMycobacterium tuberculosis, SEM - Stock Image C037/0132 - Science Photo Library
Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MDR-TB and XDR-TB strain, rod bacterium (prokaryote). Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the primary causative agent of human tuberculosis (TB). Contaminated respiratory secretions transmit the infection between humans. In the past few years drug resistant strains, MDR-TB and XDR-TB strains have emerged, especially in developing countries. MDR-TB (Multidrug Resistant TB) strains are resistant to at least the two first-line TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin. XDR-TB, or Extensive Drug Resistant TB (also known as Extreme Drug Resistance) is a strain that is also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second-line drugs. Drug-resistant TB is a public health issue in many developing countries, as treatment is longer and requires more expensive drugs. Magnification: x3,400 when shortest axis printed at 25 millimetres. - Stock Image C037/0132
IL-12 increases resistance of BALB/c mice to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | The Journal of ImmunologyIL-12 increases resistance of BALB/c mice to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | The Journal of Immunology
IL-12, a cytokine produced by macrophages and B cells, has recently been found to exert pleiotropic effects on the immune system. When BALB/c mice, a strain highly susceptible to virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, were given IL-12 at the initiation of infection with M. tuberculosis, their mean survival time doubled from 58 to 112 days. IL-12-treated mice had diminished bacterial burdens, whereas treatment with exogenous IFN-gamma had no effect on survival or bacterial burden. IL-12 treatment also delayed lung pathology in BALB/c mice. In contrast with the findings in the BALB/c model, IL-12 did not increase survival of M. tuberculosis-infected gko mice, transgenic mice in which the IFN-gamma gene has been disrupted, indicating that IL-12 does not induce protection against tuberculosis in mice in the absence of IFN-gamma. ...
Iron acquisition by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: isolation and characterization of a family of iron-binding exochelins | PNASIron acquisition by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: isolation and characterization of a family of iron-binding exochelins | PNAS
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the primary agent of tuberculosis, must acquire iron from the host to cause infection. To do so, it releases high-affinity iron-binding siderophores called exochelins. Exochelins are thought to transfer iron to another type of high-affinity iron-binding molecule in the bacterial cell wall, mycobactins, for subsequent utilization by the bacterium. In this paper, we describe the purification of exochelins of M. tuberculosis and their characterization by mass spectrometry. Exochelins comprise a family of molecules whose most abundant species range in mass from 744 to 800 Da in the neutral Fe(3+)-loaded state. The molecules form two 14-Da-increment series, one saturated and the other unsaturated, with the increments reflecting different numbers of CH2 groups on a side chain. These series further subdivide into serine- or threonine-containing species. The virulent M. tuberculosis Erdman strain and the avirulent M. tuberculosis H37Ra strain produce a similar set of ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis | definition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis by Medical dictionaryMycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis | definition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis in the Medical Dictionary? Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis explanation free. What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis? Meaning of Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis medical term. What does Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis mean?
Use of immunochromatographic assay for rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from liquid culture |...Use of immunochromatographic assay for rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from liquid culture |...
A new, simple immunochromatographic assay for rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in liquid cultures has been developed. The principle of the assay is binding of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex specific antigen to the monoclonal antibody conjugated on the test strip. The aim of this study is evaluation of the performance of immunochromatographic assay in identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in primary positive liquid cultures of BacT/Alert automated system.. A total of 159 primary positive liquid cultures were tested using the immunochromatographic assay (BD MGIT TBc ID) and the conventional subculture, followed by identification using biochemical tests.. Of 159 positive liquid cultures, using the conventional method, Mycobacterium tuberculos is was identified in 119 (74.8%), nontuberculous mycobacteria were found in 4 (2.5%), 14 (8.8%) cultures were contaminated and 22 (13.8%) cultures were found to be negative. Using the immunochromatographic ...
Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates from Greek Patients with Sarcoidosis by Spoligotyping | Journal...Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates from Greek Patients with Sarcoidosis by Spoligotyping | Journal...
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown cause that affects multiple organs. The cells of the granuloma are organized spatially as immune granulomas, the characteristic of sarcoidosis, as a result of an immunological response to an antigenic trigger. It has been suggested that infective agents, including mycobacteria, propionibacteria, parasites such as Schistosoma, and fungi such as Coccidioides, are likely triggers (but not as infection) in a genetically predisposed individual and that this initial event leads to the sarcoidosis granulomatous response (2). Other agents such as beryllium, zirconium, and aluminum can also trigger the granulomatous response (2). Most studies of a possible causal organism have focused on mycobacteria (8), but a convincing association between sarcoidosis and mycobacterial infections has yet to be established. Recently, using PCR techniques based on IS6110, MPB64, and mtp-40 amplification, we reported the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex ...
In vitro effect of three-drug combinations of antituberculous agents against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis...In vitro effect of three-drug combinations of antituberculous agents against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis...
TY - JOUR. T1 - In vitro effect of three-drug combinations of antituberculous agents against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. AU - Rey-Jurado, Emma. AU - Tudó, Griselda. AU - De La Bellacasa, Jorge Puig. AU - Espasa, Mateu. AU - González-Martín, Julian. PY - 2013/3/1. Y1 - 2013/3/1. N2 - Multidrug resistance has become a problem in the management of tuberculosis, leading to an urgent need for research related to new regimens including the currently available drugs. The objectives of this study were: (i) to study the effect of the following second-choice three-drug combinations against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and drug-susceptible clinical isolates (levofloxacin, linezolid and ethambutol; levofloxacin, amikacin and ethambutol; and levofloxacin, linezolid and amikacin); and (ii) to compare the effect of these combinations with an isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol combination against drug-susceptible clinical isolates. A total of 9 MDR clinical and 12 drug-susceptible ...
Molecular analysis of the prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup) conjugation pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis<...Molecular analysis of the prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup) conjugation pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular analysis of the prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup) conjugation pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AU - Cerda-Maira, Francisca A.. AU - Pearce, Michael J.. AU - Fuortes, Michele. AU - Bishai, William R.. AU - Hubbard, Stevan R.. AU - Darwin, K. Heran. PY - 2010/9/1. Y1 - 2010/9/1. N2 - Proteins targeted for degradation by the Mycobacterium proteasome are post-translationally tagged with prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup), an intrinsically disordered protein of 64 residues. In a process termed pupylation, Pup is synthesized with a terminal glutamine, which is deamidated to glutamate by Dop (deamidase of Pup) prior to attachment to substrate lysines by proteasome accessory factor A (PafA). Importantly, PafA was previously shown to be essential to cause lethal infections by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in mice. In this study we show that Dop, like PafA, is required for the full virulence of Mtb. Additionally, we show that Dop is not only involved in ...
Recommendations for Use of an Isoniazid-Rifapentine Regimen with Direct Observation to Treat Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis...Recommendations for Use of an Isoniazid-Rifapentine Regimen with Direct Observation to Treat Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis...
Preventing tuberculosis (TB) by treating latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a cornerstone of the U.S. strategy for TB elimination (1,2). Three randomized controlled trials have shown that a new combination regimen of isoniazid (INH) and rifapentine (RPT) administered weekly for 12 weeks as directly observed therapy (DOT) is as effective for preventing TB as other regimens and is more likely to be completed than the U.S. standard regimen of 9 months of INH daily without DOT (2 5). This report provides CDC recommendations for using the INH-RPT regimen. The new regimen is recommended as an equal alternative to the 9-month INH regimen for otherwise healthy patients aged ≥12 years who have LTBI and factors that are predictive of TB developing (e.g., recent exposure to contagious TB). The new regimen also can be considered for other categories of patients when it offers practical advantages. Although the INH-RPT regimen was well tolerated in treatment trials, monitoring for ...
Mycobacteriology Research Center - 2016Mycobacteriology Research Center - 2016
1. Molecular genetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to aminoglycosides and cyclic peptide testing by MTBDRsl in Armenia. Authors: Margaryan, H.,Farnia, P.,Hayrapetyan, A.,Mirzoyan, A.. Journal : International Journal of Mycobacteriology. 2. Overview of drug-resistant tuberculosis worldwide. Authors: Velayati, A.A.,Farnia, P.,Farahbod, A.M.. Journal : International Journal of Mycobacteriology. 3. Molecular drug susceptibility testing against the first-line (rifampin and isoniazid) and second-line (ciprofloxacin-amikacin and kanamycin) treatment in different subtypes of Mycobacterium simiae. Authors: Farnia, P., Malekshahian, D., Tabarsi, P., Seif, S., Velayati, AA.,. Journal : International Journal of Mycobacteriology. 4. Deletion of region of difference 181 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strains. Authors: Sharifipour, E., Farnia, P., Mozafari, M., Irani, S., Velayati, AA.,. Journal : International Journal of Mycobacteriology. 5. HIV and tuberculosis trends and survival of ...
Evaluation of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence settingEvaluation of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting
Rationale: Xpert MTB/RIF is a novel automated molecular diagnostic recently endorsed by the World Health Organization. However, performance-related data from high HIV prevalence settings are limited. Objectives: The impact of sample-related factors on performance and the significance of Xpert MTB/RIF-positive culture-negative discordance remain unclear. Methods: Xpert MTB/RIF was evaluated using single archived spot-sputum samples from 496 South African patients with suspected TB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positivity and phenotypic resistance to rifampicin served as reference standards. Measurements and Main Results: Overall, Xpert MTB/RIF detected 95% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88-98%; 89 of 94) of smear-positive culture-positive cases and the specificity was 94% (91-96%; 320 of 339). The sensitivity in smear-negative cases was 55% (35-73%; 12 of 22) when the analysis was restricted to 1 ml of unprocessed sputum and culture time-to-positivity of less than or equal to 28 days. ...
Review of False-Positive Cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Recommendations for Avoiding Unnecessary Treatment :...Review of False-Positive Cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Recommendations for Avoiding Unnecessary Treatment :...
We reviewed reports of false-positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and here propose guidelines for detecting and managing patients with possible false-positive cultures. Mechanisms of false-positive cultures included contamination of clinical devices, clerical errors, and laboratory cross-contamination. False-positive cultures were identified in 13 (93%) of the 14 studies that evaluated ⩾100 patients; the median false-positive rate was 3.1% (interquartile range, 2.2%-10.5%). Of the 236 patients with false-positive cultures reported in sufficient detail, 158 (67%) were treated, some of whom had toxicity from therapy, as well as unnecessary hospitalizations, tests, and contact investigations. Having a single positive culture was a sensitive but nonspecific criterion for detecting false-positive cultures. False-positive cultures for M. tuberculosis are not rare but are infrequently recognized by laboratory and clinical personnel. Laboratories and tuberculosis control programs should ...
Safety and immunogenicity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ΔlysA ΔpanCD vaccine in domestic cats infected with feline...Safety and immunogenicity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ΔlysA ΔpanCD vaccine in domestic cats infected with feline...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Safety and immunogenicity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ΔlysA ΔpanCD vaccine in domestic cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. AU - Zimmerman, Dawn M.. AU - Waters, W. Ray. AU - Lyashchenko, Konstantin P.. AU - Nonnecke, Brian J.. AU - Armstrong, Douglas L.. AU - Jacobs, William R.. AU - Larsen, Michelle H.. AU - Egan, Erin. AU - Dean, Gregg A.. PY - 2009/3/1. Y1 - 2009/3/1. N2 - Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-positive and FIV-negative cats (n = 4/group) received 2 × 106 CFU Mycobacterium tuberculosis ΔlysA ΔpanCD intramuscularly. Vaccination elicited antibody responses, albeit at lower levels in FIV-positive cats than in FIV-negative cats. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses were minimal in both groups. No adverse reactions were found.. AB - Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-positive and FIV-negative cats (n = 4/group) received 2 × 106 CFU Mycobacterium tuberculosis ΔlysA ΔpanCD intramuscularly. Vaccination elicited antibody responses, albeit ...
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - 0407 Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA and genetic markers for Isoniazid...Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - 0407 Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA and genetic markers for Isoniazid...
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and identification of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to anti-TB drugs are considered the main factors for disease control.. OBJECTIVES To standardise a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay technique and apply it to identify mutations involved in M. tuberculosis resistance to Isoniazid (INH) directly in Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stained slides.. METHODS Were analysed 55 independent DNA samples extracted from clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis by sequencing. For application in TB diagnosis resistance, 59 ZN-stained slides were used. The sensitivity, specificity and Kappa index, with a 95% confidence interval (CI95%), were determined.. FINDINGS The agreement between the tests was, for the katG target, the Kappa index of 0.89 (CI95%: 0.7-1.0). The sensitivity and specificity were 97.6% (CI95%: 87.7-99.9) and 91.7% (CI95%: 61.5-99.5), respectively. For inhA, the Kappa index was 0.92 (CI95%: 0.8-1.0), the sensitivity and ...
A Defined Tuberculosis Vaccine Candidate Boosts BCG and Protects Against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis |...A Defined Tuberculosis Vaccine Candidate Boosts BCG and Protects Against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis |...
Despite the widespread use of the childhood vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the disease remains a serious global health problem. A successful vaccine against TB that replaces or boosts BCG would include antigens that induce or recall the appropriate T cell responses. Four Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens-including members of the virulence factor families PE/PPE and EsX or antigens associated with latency-were produced as a single recombinant fusion protein (ID93). When administered together with the adjuvant GLA-SE, a stable oil-in-water nanoemulsion, the fusion protein was immunogenic in mice, guinea pigs, and cynomolgus monkeys. In mice, this fusion protein-adjuvant combination induced polyfunctional CD4 T helper 1 cell responses characterized by antigen-specific interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-2, as well as a reduction in the number of bacteria in the lungs of animals after they were subsequently infected ...
Antibacterial Activity of Aristolochia brevipes against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis - pdf descargarAntibacterial Activity of Aristolochia brevipes against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis - pdf descargar
Antibacterial Activity of Aristolochia brevipes against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
DIGITAL.CSIC: Spatio-temporal trends of Iberian wild boar contact with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detected by ELISADIGITAL.CSIC: Spatio-temporal trends of Iberian wild boar contact with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detected by ELISA
The continuing expansion of Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations raises concerns regarding disease transmission. In south-central Spain, overabundant wild boar are reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis, and related members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), the causative agents of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using bovine-purified protein derivative was applied to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of wild boar contact with MTBC in the Iberian Peninsula and to model and identify the associated risk factors. Wild boar apparent seroprevalence was 22%. Seropositives were detected in 71% of 81 sites, including 23 sites where wildlife was thought to be bTB free. The results described a new geographic range of wild boar contact with MTBC and a stable prevalence in this wildlife reservoir that contrasts with the success of bTB control in cattle. Inference of which host (wild boar or cattle) is driving bTB maintenance was not ...
Detection of a streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium bovis strain through antitubercular drug susceptibility testing of Tunisian...Detection of a streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium bovis strain through antitubercular drug susceptibility testing of Tunisian...
A rising isolation trend of drug-resistant M. bovis from human clinical cases is documented in the literature. Here we assessed Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from cattle for drug susceptibility by the gold standard agar proportion method and a simplified resazurin microtitre assay (d-REMA). A total of 38 M. tuberculosis complex strains, including M. bovis (n = 36) and M. caprae (n = 2) isolates, from cattle in Tunisia were tested against isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, ethambutol, kanamycin and pyrazinamide. M. caprae isolates were found to be susceptible to all test drugs. All M. bovis strains were resistant to pyrazinamide, as expected. In addition, one M. bovis isolate showed high-level resistance to streptomycin (MIC | 500.0 μg/ml). Concordant results with the two methods were found. The most common target genes associated with streptomycin resistance, namely the rrs, rpsL and gidB genes, were DNA sequenced. A non-synonymous mutation at codon 43 (K43R) was found in the rpsL gene.
The extreme sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the front-line antituberculosis drug isoniazid | Nature BiotechnologyThe extreme sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the front-line antituberculosis drug isoniazid | Nature Biotechnology
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a natural mutant in oxyR, a close homolog of the central regulator of peroxide stress response in enteric bacteria. Inactivation of oxyR is specific for M. tuberculosis and other members of the M. tuberculosis complex. This phenomenon appears as a paradox due to the ability of this organism to parasitize host macrophages, in which the ingested organisms are likely to be exposed to reactive oxygen intermediates. However, the surprising finding that M. tuberculosis has multiple deletions, nonsense and frameshift mutations in oxyR may help explain the exceptionally high sensitivity of M. tuberculosis to the potent antituberculosis agent isoniazid. One of the genes affected by oxyR lesions, ahpC (encoding an alkylhydroperoxide reductase) may determine the intrinsic sensitivity of mycobacteria to isoniazid.
Evaluating the effect of Dracocephalum kotschyi methanol extract on Mycobacterium tuberculosisEvaluating the effect of Dracocephalum kotschyi methanol extract on Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Background and objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is the major public health problem in the world. Each year there are 2-3 million deaths worldwide caused by TB. The increasing incidence of Multi Drug Resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) worldwide highlights the urgent need to search for new anti-tuberculosis compounds. It has been reported that medicinal plant, Dracocephalum kotschyi, possesses some antibacterial effect, thus in the present study its anti-mycobacterial property was evaluated. Methods: The sensitivity and resistance of M. tuberculosis strains at concentration of 0.2 µg/mL isoniazid was determined by proportion method. Methanol extract of D. kotschyi was prepared using maceration method. Six concentrations of D. kotschyi, including 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 and 640μg/mL were prepared and its anti-mycobacterial effect on four groups of M. tuberculosis including M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294), isoniazid susceptible and resistance and MDR strains was determined. Results: The methanol extract of D.
Pasakbumin A controls the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enhancing the autophagy and production of antibacterial...Pasakbumin A controls the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enhancing the autophagy and production of antibacterial...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Pasakbumin A controls the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enhancing the autophagy and production of antibacterial mediators in mouse macrophages. AU - Lee, Hyo Ji. AU - Ko, Hyun Jeong. AU - Kim, Seung Hyun. AU - Jung, Yu Jin. PY - 2019/3. Y1 - 2019/3. N2 - Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and remains a major health problem worldwide. Thus, identification of new and more effective drugs to treat emerging multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and to reduce the side effects of anti-TB drugs, such as liver toxicity and other detrimental changes, is urgently needed. In this study, to develop a novel candidate drug for effective TB treatment with few side effects in the host, we selected pasakbumin A isolated from Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia) Jack, which protected host cells against Mtb infection-induced death. Pasakbumin A significantly inhibited intracellular Mtb growth by inducing the autophagy via the ...
Transmission dynamics study of tuberculosis isolates with whole genome sequencing in southern SwedenTransmission dynamics study of tuberculosis isolates with whole genome sequencing in southern Sweden
Epidemiological contact tracing complemented with genotyping of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates is important for understanding disease transmission. In Sweden, tuberculosis (TB) is mostly reported in migrant and homeless where epidemiologic contact tracing could pose a problem. This study compared epidemiologic linking with genotyping in a low burden country. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates (n = 93) collected at Scania University Hospital in Southern Sweden were analysed with the standard genotyping method mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) and the results were compared with whole genome sequencing (WGS). Using a maximum of twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the upper threshold of genomic relatedness noted among hosts, we identified 18 clusters with WGS comprising 52 patients with overall pairwise genetic maximum distances ranging from zero to nine SNPs. MIRU-VNTR and WGS clustered the same isolates, although the ...
Interaction of Erp Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Rv2212 Enhances Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis...Interaction of Erp Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Rv2212 Enhances Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis...
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis exported repetitive protein (RvErp) is a crucial virulence-associated factor as determined by its role in the survival and multiplication of mycobacteria in cultured macrophages and in vivo Although attempts have been made to understand the function of Erp protein, its exact role in Mycobacterium pathogenesis is still elusive. One way to determine this is by searching for novel interactions of RvErp. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay, an adenylyl cyclase (AC), Rv2212, was found to interact with RvErp. The interaction between RvErp and Rv2212 is direct and occurs at the endogenous level. The Erp protein of Mycobacterium smegmatis (MSMEG_6405, or MsErp) interacts neither with Rv2212 nor with Ms_4279, the M. smegmatis homologue of Rv2212. Deletion mutants of Rv2212 revealed its adenylyl cyclase domain to be responsible for the interaction. RvErp enhances Rv2212-mediated cyclic AMP (cAMP) production. Also, the biological significance of the interaction between RvErp and ...
Molecular characterization of Sardinian Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism,...Molecular characterization of Sardinian Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism,...
An evaluation of the utility of rep PCR typing compared to the 15 loci discriminatory set of MIRU-VNTR was undertaken. Twenty-nine isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients were examined. Genomic DNA was extracted from the isolates by standard method. The number of copies of tandem repeats of the 15 MIRU-VNTR loci was determined by PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis of the amplicons. M. tuberculosis outbreak-related strains were distinguished from other isolates. MIRU-VNTR typing identified 4 major clusters of strains. The same isolates clustered together after RFLP typing, but rep-PCR identified only 3 of them. The concordance between RFLP and MIRU-VNTR typing was complete, with the exception of two isolates with identical RFLP patterns that differed in the number of tandem repeat copies at two MIRU-VNTR alleles. A further isolate, even sharing the same RFLP pattern, differed by one repeat from the rest of its cluster. We also tested the use of an automated rep-PCR for ...
Host-pathogen Interactions During Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) | J. Craig Venter InstituteHost-pathogen Interactions During Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) | J. Craig Venter Institute
Even though LTBI is estimated to affect more than a billion people, latency of this disease is only partially understood. We use clinical samples to characterize the immune response in patients diagnosed with LTBI. Our studies, performed in collaboration with scientists at Addis Ababa University focus on human cohorts living in proximity to livestock. In this context, we are interested in M. tuberculosis and M. bovis transmission between livestock to human. We investigate the effects of the respiratory tract microbiome and strain lineages on TB outcome using genomic methods.. ...
Type i IFN inhibits alternative macrophage activation during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and leads to enhanced...Type i IFN inhibits alternative macrophage activation during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and leads to enhanced...
Home » Type i IFN inhibits alternative macrophage activation during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and leads to enhanced protection in the absence of IFN-γ ...
AB0446 A comparative study of quantiferon TB-2G and 3G as screening examination for latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection...AB0446 A comparative study of quantiferon TB-2G and 3G as screening examination for latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection...
Results 178 cases and 57 cases were included in 2G group and 3G group, respectively. Mean age in 2G group and 3G group were 59.3 years old and 60.4 years old, respectively. 5 cases in 2G group have past history of TB infection and none in 3G group. 5 cases in 2G group (2.8%) and 6 cases in 3G group (10.5%) have positive results and there was a significant difference (p=0.027). 157 cases in 2G group (88.2%) and 42 cases in 3G group (73.7%) have negative results and there was a significant difference (p=0.011). In 10 cases that had positive results of QFT 2G or 3G, none had past history of TB, chest CT was normal in 4 cases and chemoprophylaxis of isoniazid (INH) was performed in 5 cases. Although biologics was used in 7 cases among 10 QFT-positive cases, no active TB was occurred until last observation. Used biologics were infliximab in 2 cases, etanercept in a case, abatacept in 3 cases and golimumab in a case.. ...
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis 19-Kilodalton Lipoprotein Inhibits Gamma Interferon-Regulated HLA-DR and FcγR1 on Human...The Mycobacterium tuberculosis 19-Kilodalton Lipoprotein Inhibits Gamma Interferon-Regulated HLA-DR and FcγR1 on Human...
A hallmark of M. tuberculosis is its ability to infect, survive in, and persist in human macrophages. Acquired immunity, mediated primarily by MHC-II-restricted IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells, controls M. tuberculosis infection but fails to eradicate the organism. When acquired immunity fails because of aging, malnutrition, or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, persistent macrophage-bound M. tuberculosis bacilli emerge to cause reactivation tuberculosis. The mechanism(s) used by M. tuberculosis to persist for many years in macrophages in the face of highly developed and active acquired T-cell responses, reflected in strongly positive tuberculin skin test reactivity, is poorly understood. Earlier studies established that M. tuberculosis can interfere with IFN-γ-mediated activation and IFN-γR signaling in human macrophages (41). However, the molecules of M. tuberculosis that are responsible for interference with IFN-γ signaling have not been characterized.. In earlier studies, we ...
Synthesis and Activity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of Olivacine and Oxygenated Derivatives[v2] | PreprintsSynthesis and Activity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of Olivacine and Oxygenated Derivatives[v2] | Preprints
The tetracyclic pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole olivacine and four of its oxygenated derivatives have been synthesized by a late-stage palladium-catalyzed Heck-type cyclization of the pyrrole ring as key step. In a test for inhibition of the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 9-methoxyolivacine showed the most significant inhibiting activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with an MIC90 value of 1.5 μM.
Para-Aminosalicylic Acid Acts as an Alternative Substrate of Folate Metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | SciencePara-Aminosalicylic Acid Acts as an Alternative Substrate of Folate Metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Science
Folate biosynthesis is an established anti-infective target, and the antifolate para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) was one of the first anti-infectives introduced into clinical practice based on target-based drug discovery. Fifty years later, PAS continues in use for tuberculosis. PAS is assumed to inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) by mimicking the substrate, p-aminobenzoate (PABA). However, we found that sulfonamide inhibitors of DHPS inhibited growth of M. tuberculosis only weakly due to their intracellular metabolism. PAS, by contrast, served as a replacement substrate for DHPS. Products of PAS metabolism at this and subsequent steps in folate metabolism inhibited those enzymes, competing with their substrates. PAS is thus a prodrug that blocks growth of M. tuberculosis when its active forms are generated by enzymes in the pathway they poison.. ...
Lipoarabinomannan, a possible virulence factor involved in persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within macrophages. |...Lipoarabinomannan, a possible virulence factor involved in persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within macrophages. |...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy, respectively, produce large quantities of lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a highly immunogenic, cell wall-associated glycolipid. This molecule has been previously reported to be a potent inhibitor of gamma interferon-mediated activation of murine macrophages. Studies of the mechanism by which this mycobacterial glycolipid down-regulates macrophage effector functions provide evidence that LAM acts at several levels and that it can (i) scavenge potentially cytotoxic oxygen free radicals, (ii) inhibit protein kinase C activity, and (iii) block the transcriptional activation of gamma interferon-inducible genes in human macrophage-like cell lines. These results suggest that LAM can inhibit macrophage activation and triggering and cytocidal activity and that it may represent a chemically defined virulence factor contributing to the persistence of mycobacteria within mononuclear phagocytes. ...
Dxr is essential in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and fosmidomycin resistance is due to a lack of uptake | BMC Microbiology | Full...Dxr is essential in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and fosmidomycin resistance is due to a lack of uptake | BMC Microbiology | Full...
Fosmidomycin is a phosphonic antibiotic which inhibits 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (Dxr), the first committed step of the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dxr is encoded by Rv2870c, and although the antibiotic has been shown to inhibit the recombinant enzyme [1], mycobacteria are intrinsically resistant to fosmidomycin at the whole cell level. Fosmidomycin is a hydrophilic molecule and in many bacteria its uptake is an active process involving a cAMP dependent glycerol-3-phosphate transporter (GlpT). The fact that there is no glpT homologue in the M. tuberculosis genome and the highly impervious nature of the hydrophobic mycobacterial cell wall suggests that resistance may be due to a lack of cellular penetration. We demonstrated that dxr (Rv2780c) is an essential gene in M. tuberculosis, since we could not delete the chromosomal copy unless a second functional copy was provided on an integrating vector. This confirmed that the
IN VITRO STUDY OF URSOLIC ACID COMBINATION FIRST-LINE ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AGAINST DRUG-SENSITIVE AND DRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS...IN VITRO STUDY OF URSOLIC ACID COMBINATION FIRST-LINE ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AGAINST DRUG-SENSITIVE AND DRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS...
IN VITRO STUDY OF URSOLIC ACID COMBINATION FIRST-LINE ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AGAINST DRUG-SENSITIVE AND DRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS OF Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Chemical disarming of isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis - AMR InsightsChemical disarming of isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis - AMR Insights
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes the disease tuberculosis (TB), which kills more people than any other infection. The emergence of drug-resistant Mtb strains has exacerbated this already alarming epidemic. The authors have identified a small molecule, C10, that potentiates the activity of the frontline antibiotic isoniazid (INH) and prevents the selection for INH-resistant mutants. They find that C10 can even reverse INH resistance in Mtb. Therefore, our study reveals vulnerabilities that can be exploited to reverse INH resistance in Mtb.. ...
Point mutations in the DNA- and cNMP-binding domains of the homologue of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in Mycobacterium bovis...Point mutations in the DNA- and cNMP-binding domains of the homologue of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in Mycobacterium bovis...
The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv includes a homologue of the CRP/FNR (cAMP receptor protein/fumarate and nitrate reduction regulator) family of transcription regulators encoded by Rv3676. Sequencing of the orthologous gene from attenuated Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strains revealed point mutations that affect the putative DNA-binding and cNMP-binding domains of the encoded protein. These mutations are not present in the published sequences of the Rv3676 orthologues in M. bovis, M. tuberculosis or Mycobacterium leprae. An Escherichia coli lacZ reporter system was used to show that the M. tuberculosis Rv3676 protein binds to DNA sites for CRP, but this DNA binding was decreased or abolished with the Rv3676 protein counterparts from BCG strains. The DNA-binding ability of the M. tuberculosis Rv3676 protein was decreased by the introduction of base changes corresponding to the BCG point mutations. Conversely, the DNA binding of the BCG Rv3676 proteins from BCG strains
M.D. | Division of Infectious Diseases | Albert Einstein College of MedicineM.D. | Division of Infectious Diseases | Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Drumm JE, Mi K, Bilder P, Sun M, Lim J, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Basaraba R, So M, Zhu G, Tufariello JM, Izzo AA, Orme IM, Almo SC, Leyh TS, Chan J. 2009. Mycobacterium tuberculosis universal stress protein Rv2623 regulates bacillary growth by ATP-Binding: requirement for establishing chronic persistent infection. PLoS Pathog 5:e1000460. Russell-Goldman E, Xu J, Wang X, Chan J, Tufariello JM. 2008. A double Rpf knockout Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain exhibits profound defects in reactivation from chronic tuberculosis and innate immunity phenotypes. Infect Immun. 76:4269-81.. Maglione PJ, Xu J, Casadevall A, Chan J. 2008. Fcgamma receptors regulate immune activation and susceptibility during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. J Immunol 180:3329-38.. Chakravarty SD, Zhu G, Tsai MC, Mohan VP, Marino S, Kirschner DE, Huang L, Flynn J, Chan J. 2008. Tumor necrosis factor blockade in chronic murine tuberculosis enhances granulomatous inflammation and disorganizes granulomas in the lungs. Infect ...
High-throughput discovery of mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MptpB) inhibitors using click chemistry...High-throughput discovery of mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MptpB) inhibitors using click chemistry...
A ∼500-member library of bidentate inhibitors against protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) was rapidly assembled using click chemistry. Subsequent high-throughput screening had led to the discovery of highly potent (K i as low as 150 nM) and selective MptpB inhibitors, some of which represent the most potent MptpB inhibitors developed to date. © 2009 American Chemical society ...
Role of undecaprenyl phosphokinase in mycobacteriaRole of undecaprenyl phosphokinase in mycobacteria
The family of mycobacteria is composed of pathogenic and apathogenic bacteria. This study was performed with 3 members of this family, the most prominent pathogenic member, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, the vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG which was developed by attenuation of the bovine tuberculosis agent Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium smegmatis which is apathogenic and widely distributed in soil. A key to understanding mycobacteria and, especially, their resistance is to understand the complexity of their cell wall. Peptidoglycan is a major component of the cell wall and the transport of peptidoglycan precursors out of the cytoplasm to the bacterial surface by undecaprenyl monophosphate is central to cell wall synthesis. Therefore, deletion mutants of the undecaprenyl phosphokinase gene (upk) were generated in M. tuberculosis, M. bovis BCG, and M. smegmatis. In the case of M. smegmatis it was shown that a delta upk deletion mutant, as with ...
Identifying areas and risk groups with localised Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in northern England from 2010 to 2012:...Identifying areas and risk groups with localised Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in northern England from 2010 to 2012:...
Results The estimated proportion of TB cases in northern England attributable to localised transmission was 10% (95% CI 9% to 12%). Clustered cases (cases which were spatiotemporally clustered with others of identical genotype) were on average younger than non-clustered cases (mean age 34 years vs 43 years; p value ,0.05). Being UK born (adjusted OR (aOR) 3.6, 95% CI 2.9 to 6.0), presenting with pulmonary disease (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.6) and history of homelessness (aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.8) or incarceration (aOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.9) were independently associated with being part of a spatiotemporal-genotypical cluster in a multivariable model. Belonging to an ethnic group other than white or mixed/other was also significantly associated with localised transmission. We identified localised transmission in 103/1958 middle super output areas mostly in urban areas. ...
Heterologous priming-boosting immunization of cattle with Mycobacterium tuberculosis 85A induces antigen-specific T-cell...Heterologous priming-boosting immunization of cattle with Mycobacterium tuberculosis 85A induces antigen-specific T-cell...
Heterologous priming-boosting vaccination regimens involving priming with plasmid DNA antigen constructs and inoculating (boosting) with the same recombinant antigen expressed in replication-attenuated poxviruses have recently been demonstrated to induce immunity, based on CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-cell responses, against several diseases in both rodents and primates. We show that similar priming-boosting vaccination strategies using the 85A antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are effective in inducing antigen-specific gamma interferon-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, detected by a bovine enzyme-linked immunospot assay, in Bos indicus cattle. T-cell responses induced by priming with either plasmid DNA or fowlpox virus 85A constructs were enhanced by boosting with modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing the same antigen administered intradermally. On the basis of the data, it appears that intradermal priming was more effective than intramuscular delivery of the priming dose for boosting with ...
Antimycobacterial activity of DNA intercalator inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis primase DnaGAntimycobacterial activity of DNA intercalator inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis primase DnaG
Owing to the rise in drug resistance in tuberculosis combined with the global spread of its causative pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), innovative anti mycobacterial agents are urgently needed. Recently, we developed a novel primase-pyrophosphatase assay and used it to discover inhibitors of an essential Mtb enzyme, primase DnaG (Mtb DnaG), a promising and unexplored potential target for novel antituberculosis chemotherapeutics. Doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic used as an anticancer drug, was found to be a potent inhibitor of Mtb DnaG. In this study, we investigated both inhibition of Mtb DnaG and the inhibitory activity against in vitro growth of Mtb and M. smegmatis (Msm) by other anthracyclines, daunorubicin and idarubicin, as well as by less cytotoxic DNA intercalators: aloe-emodin, rhein and a mitoxantrone derivative. Generally, low-μM inhibition of Mtb DnaG by the anthracyclines was correlated with their low-μM minimum inhibitory concentrations. Aloe-emodin displayed threefold
PLOS ONE: Impact of Xpert MTB/RIF Testing on Tuberculosis Management and Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients in UgandaPLOS ONE: Impact of Xpert MTB/RIF Testing on Tuberculosis Management and Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients in Uganda
Rationale The clinical impact of Xpert MTB/RIF for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in high HIV-prevalence settings is unknown. Objective To determine the diagnostic accuracy and impact of Xpert MTB/RIF among high-risk TB suspects. Methods We prospectively enrolled consecutive, hospitalized, Ugandan TB suspects in two phases: baseline phase in which Xpert MTB/RIF results were not reported to clinicians and an implementation phase in which results were reported. We determined the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF in reference to culture (solid and liquid) and compared patient outcomes by study phase. Results 477 patients were included (baseline phase 287, implementation phase 190). Xpert MTB/RIF had high sensitivity (187/237, 79%, 95% CI: 73-84%) and specificity (190/199, 96%, 95% CI: 92-98%) for culture-positive TB overall, but sensitivity was lower (34/81, 42%, 95% CI: 31-54%) among smear-negative TB cases. Xpert MTB/RIF reduced median days-to-TB detection for all TB cases (1 [IQR 0-26] vs. 0 [IQR
Evaluation of wild-type MIC distributions as a tool for determination of clinical breakpoints for Mycobacterium tuberculosisEvaluation of wild-type MIC distributions as a tool for determination of clinical breakpoints for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
article{5cf566a8-21ef-4c37-927c-b4548bf4fe7f, abstract = {Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish wild-type MIC distributions of first-line drugs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as to explore the usefulness of such distributions when setting clinical breakpoints. Methods: We determined the MICs of rifampicin, isonlazid and ethambutol for M. tuberculosis using a Middlebrook 7H10 dilution method for 90 consecutive clinical isolates, 8 resistant strains and 16 isolates from the WHO proficiency test panel. M. tuberculosis H37Rv was used for quality control and susceptibility results using 7H10 were compared with the results obtained with BACTEC460. Results: The agreement with BACTEC460 was very high for isonlazid (99.1%) and rifampicin (99.1%) but lower for ethambutol (94.7%). Intra- and inter-assay variation was below one MIC dilution. The MIC distributions for isoniazid and rifampicin provided a clear separation between susceptible and resistant strains. Regarding ethambutol, ...
Site-directed mutagenesis reveals a novel catalytic mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis alkylhydroperoxidase C |...Site-directed mutagenesis reveals a novel catalytic mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis alkylhydroperoxidase C |...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis alkylhydroperoxidase C (AhpC) belongs to the peroxiredoxin family, but unusually contains three cysteine residues in its active site. It is overexpressed in isoniazid-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. We demonstrate that AhpC is capable of acting as a general antioxidant by protecting a range of substrates including supercoiled DNA. Active-site Cys to Ala mutants show that all three cysteine residues are important for activity. Cys-61 plays a central role in activity and Cys-174 also appears to be crucial. Interestingly, the C174A mutant is inactive, but double mutant C174/176A shows significant revertant activity. Kinetic parameters indicate that the C176A mutant is active, although much less efficient. We suggest that M. tuberculosis AhpC therefore belongs to a novel peroxiredoxin family and might follow a unique disulphide-relay reaction mechanism.. ...
Thiol reductive stress induces cellulose-anchored biofilm formation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. - openThiol reductive stress induces cellulose-anchored biofilm formation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. - open
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) forms biofilms harbouring antibiotic-tolerant bacilli in vitro, but the factors that induce biofilm formation and the nature of the extracellular material that holds the cells together are poorly understood. Here we show that intracellular thiol reductive stress (TRS) induces formation of Mtb biofilms in vitro, which harbour drug-tolerant but metabolically active bacteria with unchanged levels of ATP/ADP, NAD(+)/NADH and NADP(+)/NADPH. The development of these biofilms requires DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. Transcriptional analysis suggests that Mtb modulates only ∼7% of its genes for survival in biofilms. In addition to proteins, lipids and DNA, the extracellular material in these biofilms is primarily composed of polysaccharides, with cellulose being a key component. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying Mtb biofilm formation, although the clinical relevance of Mtb biofilms in human tuberculosis remains ...
Tuberculosis vaccine being tested in Phase II trial - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comTuberculosis vaccine being tested in Phase II trial - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
Scientists have been working on an improved vaccine against the tuberculosis bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis for almost 90 years. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) was developed in the early 20th century and contains attenuated Mycobacterium bovis bacteria, the bovine tuberculosis pathogen that is transmissible to humans. BCG vaccination protects children in most cases against the disease, but not adults. Therefore, the vaccine has not contributed to reducing the global incidence of tuberculosis.. The VPM1002 vaccine, which was developed at the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, is based on the BCG vaccine and contains genetically modified Mycobacterium bovis bacteria. A built-in gene makes it easier for the immune cells to recognise the bacteria; the organism can thus protect itself against actual infection with dangerous tuberculosis pathogens. "VPM1002 is intended to replace the current BCG vaccine and will be administered to young children to protect them against ...
Spot sputum samples are at least as good as early morning samples for identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosisSpot sputum samples are at least as good as early morning samples for identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Background: The use of early morning sputum samples (EMS) to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) can result in treatment delay given the need for the patient to return to the clinic with the EMS, increasing the chance of patients being lost during their diagnostic workup. However, there is little evidence to support the superiority of EMS over spot sputum samples. In this new analysis of the REMoxTB study, we compare the diagnostic accuracy of EMS with spot samples for identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis pre- and post-treatment. Methods: Patients who were smear positive at screening were enrolled into the study. Paired sputum samples (one EMS and one spot) were collected at each trial visit pre- and post-treatment. Microscopy and culture on solid LJ and liquid MGIT media were performed on all samples; those missing corresponding paired results were excluded from the analyses. Results: Data from 1115 pre- and 2995 post-treatment paired samples from 1931 patients enrolled in the REMoxTB study were ...
Formation and resuscitation of non-culturable cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in prolonged...Formation and resuscitation of 'non-culturable' cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in prolonged...
After growth of Rhodococcus rhodochrous in Sautons medium, and further incubation for about 60 h in stationary phase, there was a transient (up to 5 log) decrease in the c.f.u. count, whereas the total count remained similar to its initial value. At the point of minimal viability, the most probable number (MPN) count was 10 times greater than the c.f.u. count. This difference was further magnified by 3-4 logs (giving values close to the total count) by incorporating supernatant taken from growing cultures. A small protein similar to Rpf (resuscitation-promoting factor of Micrococcus luteus) appeared to be responsible for some of the activity in the culture supernatant. The formation of non-culturable cells of the Academia strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was similarly observed following growth in Sautons medium containing Tween 80 in sealed culture vessels, and further incubation for an extended stationary phase. This resulted in the formation, 4-5 months post-inoculation, of a ...
Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology. | Journal of...Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology. | Journal of...
Widespread use of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to differentiate strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to monitor the transmission of tuberculosis has been hampered by the need to culture this slow-growing organism and by the level of technical sophistication needed for RFLP typing. We have developed a simple method which allows simultaneous detection and typing of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens and reduces the time between suspicion of the disease and typing from 1 or several months to 1 or 3 days. The method is based on polymorphism of the chromosomal DR locus, which contains a variable number of short direct repeats interspersed with nonrepetitive spacers. The method is referred to as spacer oligotyping or "spoligotyping" because it is based on strain-dependent hybridization patterns of in vitro-amplified DNA with multiple spacer oligonucleotides. Most of the clinical isolates tested showed unique hybridization patterns, whereas outbreak strains shared the same ...
Antigen processingAntigen processing
TeixobactinTeixobactin
Brahm Shanker SrivastavaBrahm Shanker Srivastava
AspartyltransferaseAspartyltransferase
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndromeWaterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Decaprenyl-phosphate phosphoribosyltransferaseDecaprenyl-phosphate phosphoribosyltransferase
Allergic conjunctivitisAllergic conjunctivitis
Trans,polycis-decaprenyl diphosphate synthaseTrans,polycis-decaprenyl diphosphate synthase
InteractomeInteractome
Mycocerosate synthaseMycocerosate synthase
Catalase-peroxidaseCatalase-peroxidase
LAG3LAG3
TotarolTotarol
BedaquilineBedaquiline
Host tropismHost tropism
MycobacteriophageMycobacteriophage
List of infectious diseasesList of infectious diseases
MetabolismMetabolism
ARC3 familyARC3 family
Microbial biodegradationMicrobial biodegradation
2-Succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid synthase2-Succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid synthase
Beta-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase IIIBeta-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase III
Sangita MukhopadhyaySangita Mukhopadhyay
Sean EkinsSean Ekins
Chorismate synthaseChorismate synthase
ATP phosphoribosyltransferaseATP phosphoribosyltransferase
Open Source Drug DiscoveryOpen Source Drug Discovery
CCL18CCL18
Acyl CoA dehydrogenaseAcyl CoA dehydrogenase
Mycothione reductaseMycothione reductase
Ulcer na buruli, ang malayang ensiklopedyaUlcer na buruli, ang malayang ensiklopedya
Forskel mellem versioner af Antibiotikaresistens, den frie encyklopædiForskel mellem versioner af "Antibiotikaresistens", den frie encyklopædi
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosisMycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
Health professionalHealth professional
Index of HIV/AIDS-related articlesIndex of HIV/AIDS-related articles
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndromeStaphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Pasteur InstitutePasteur Institute
Hepatit - VikipediHepatit - Vikipedi
ZoonosisZoonosis
History of leprosyHistory of leprosy
Innate immune systemInnate immune system
AutophagyAutophagy
TuberkulozaTuberkuloza
AutophagyAutophagy
Growth mediumGrowth medium
Eales diseaseEales disease
Medical microbiologyMedical microbiology
AbscessAbscess
DairyDairy
Type IV hypersensitivityType IV hypersensitivity
ക്ഷയം - വിക്കിപീഡിയക്ഷയം - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Tuberkulóza - WikipedieTuberkulóza - Wikipedie
Kasutaja:Mariina/Lapseea aktiivsus- ja tähelepanuhäire - VikipeediaKasutaja:Mariina/Lapseea aktiivsus- ja tähelepanuhäire - Vikipeedia
Interleukin 15Interleukin 15
Kategori:Rintisan bertopik bakteri bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasKategori:Rintisan bertopik bakteri bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
आइसीडी-१० अध्याय ब - विकिपीडियाआइसीडी-१० अध्याय ब - विकिपीडिया
Immunologic adjuvantImmunologic adjuvant
RifampicinăRifampicină
ಕುಷ್ಠರೋಗ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಕುಷ್ಠರೋಗ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ
காச நோய் - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியாகாச நோய் - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Mycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosisMycobacteriumTuberculosis, PulmonaryMycobacterium bovisMycobacterium smegmatisMycobacterium InfectionsAntitubercular AgentsIsoniazidMycobacterium aviumTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantNontuberculous MycobacteriaBacterial ProteinsTuberculosis VaccinesRifampinMycobacterium lepraeMycobacterium avium ComplexMycobacterium Infections, NontuberculousAntigens, BacterialBCG VaccinePyrazinamideEthambutolDNA, BacterialAntibiotics, AntitubercularSputumMycobacterium marinumMycobacterium fortuitumMycolic AcidsTuberculin TestMycobacterium kansasiiMycobacterium chelonaeMicrobial Sensitivity TestsTuberculosis, BovineBacteriological TechniquesTuberculosis, MiliaryMycobacteriophagesLatent TuberculosisDrug Resistance, BacterialTuberculosis, Lymph NodeMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosisMycobacterium avium-intracellulare InfectionMolecular Sequence DataDNA FingerprintingTuberculosis, MeningealPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthTuberculosis, CutaneousBacterial Typing TechniquesMycobacterium phleiPolymerase Chain ReactionMacrophagesSensitivity and SpecificityExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisMycobacterium ulceransTuberculosis, OsteoarticularInterferon-gammaTuberculosis, PleuralTuberculinTuberculosis, GastrointestinalDNA Transposable ElementsStreptomycinTuberculosis, SpinalGenes, BacterialLungEthionamideGene Expression Regulation, BacterialGranulomaCapreomycinCord FactorsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialMinisatellite RepeatsTuberculosis, SplenicVirulenceAmino Acid SequenceCulture MediaGenome, BacterialColony Count, MicrobialTuberculosis, Central Nervous SystemBase SequenceReagent Kits, DiagnosticMolecular EpidemiologyGenotypeMutationSequence Analysis, DNADrug Resistance, MicrobialSpecies SpecificityMycobacterium scrofulaceumTuberculosis, UrogenitalPhagosomesTuberculosis, OcularMice, Inbred C57BLLeprosyTuberculosis, HepaticAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsBacterial LoadMolecular Diagnostic TechniquesMicrobial ViabilityGlycolipidsAcyltransferasesAntibodies, BacterialInterspersed Repetitive SequencesMycobacterium xenopiMycobacterium lepraemuriumCrystallography, X-RayChaperonin 60Evaluation Studies as TopicCell WallTuberculosis, Female GenitalContact TracingChaperoninsMolecular TypingRNA, BacterialCluster AnalysisParatuberculosisMice, Inbred BALB CDNA GyraseAnti-Bacterial AgentsTime FactorsPhylogenyClofazimineDirectly Observed TherapyNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesSouth AfricaTuberculosis, RenalRifamycinsDiarylquinolinesModels, MolecularAmidohydrolasesTuberculosis, EndocrineDNA PrimersCloning, MolecularAza CompoundsTuberculosis, LaryngealSpleenT-LymphocytesTruncated HemoglobinsHypersensitivity, DelayedRecombinant ProteinsCytokinesGuinea PigsGene DeletionEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayAminosalicylic AcidPeroxidasesHIV InfectionsMolecular Probe TechniquesTuberculomaRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSequence Homology, Amino AcidCatalaseMycobacterium haemophilumCoinfectionGranuloma, Respiratory TractColorimetryArmadillosDNA ProbesSequence AlignmentEscherichia coliCells, CulturedOfloxacinHost-Pathogen InteractionsOxidoreductasesTuberculosis, OralRifabutinCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesMycobacteriaceaeThioridazineFluoroquinolonesSpecimen HandlingToll-Like Receptor 2ThioacetazoneNitrate ReductaseLymphocyte ActivationDiagnostic ErrorsInterferon-gamma Release TestsVaccinationOxazolesGalactansPeritonitis, TuberculousImmunologic TestsImmunity, CellularTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaMacrophage ActivationAerosolsKanamycinCattleOxazinesAlanine DehydrogenaseEmigration and ImmigrationIndiaQuinolinesProtein Structure, TertiaryPaleopathologyDisease Models, AnimalRadiography, ThoracicDrug Resistance, MultipleMacrophages, AlveolarChromatography, Thin LayerPleural EffusionGenetic Complementation TestMonocytesSubstrate Specificity
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (m. Tuberculosis Wholesale, Tuberculosis Suppliers - AlibabaMycobacterium Tuberculosis (m. Tuberculosis Wholesale, Tuberculosis Suppliers - Alibaba
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SEM - Stock Image C037/0132 - Science Photo LibraryMycobacterium tuberculosis, SEM - Stock Image C037/0132 - Science Photo Library
Kinetics of T cell-activation molecules in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigensKinetics of T cell-activation molecules in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens
Mycobacterium bovis (Bovine Tuberculosis) in HumansMycobacterium bovis (Bovine Tuberculosis) in Humans
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - WikipediaMycobacterium tuberculosis - Wikipedia
Mycobacterium tuberculosis sRNA - WikipediaMycobacterium tuberculosis sRNA - Wikipedia
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | SpringerLinkMycobacterium tuberculosis | SpringerLink
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - WikipediaMycobacterium tuberculosis - Wikipedia
Mycobacterium TuberculosisMycobacterium Tuberculosis
systems biology and mycobacterium tuberculosis - PubMed - NCBI"systems biology" and "mycobacterium tuberculosis" - PubMed - NCBI
Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ID 254351) - BioProject - NCBIMycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ID 254351) - BioProject - NCBI
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission in a Health Clinic -- Florida, 1988Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission in a Health Clinic -- Florida, 1988
Mycobacterium tuberculosis M2139Mycobacterium tuberculosis M2139
Variable host-pathogen compatibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | PNASVariable host-pathogen compatibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | PNAS
RCSB PDB - 2QJ3: Mycobacterium tuberculosis FabDRCSB PDB - 2QJ3: Mycobacterium tuberculosis FabD
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Overview - Encyclopedia of LifeMycobacterium tuberculosis - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life
MDL Test Order Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex IdentificationMDL Test Order Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Identification
Iron homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is essential for persistence | Scientific ReportsIron homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is essential for persistence | Scientific Reports
A new evolutionary scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex | PNASA new evolutionary scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex | PNAS
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Interactions with the Immune System | Mauro Bendinelli | SpringerMycobacterium tuberculosis - Interactions with the Immune System | Mauro Bendinelli | Springer
Metabolic principles of persistence and pathogenicity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Nature Reviews MicrobiologyMetabolic principles of persistence and pathogenicity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Nature Reviews Microbiology
Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. tuberculosis ATCC ® 27294™Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. tuberculosis ATCC ® 27294™
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyMycobacterium tuberculosis | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Pediatric Opportunistic Infection | AIDSinfoMycobacterium tuberculosis | Pediatric Opportunistic Infection | AIDSinfo
Pathogenesis, Immunology, and Diagnosis of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis InfectionPathogenesis, Immunology, and Diagnosis of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
How Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Differ from TuberculosisHow Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Differ from Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasMycobacterium tuberculosis - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
RCSB PDB - 1NGK: Crystallographic Structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hemoglobin ORCSB PDB - 1NGK: Crystallographic Structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hemoglobin O
Rapid identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by...: Ingenta ConnectRapid identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by...: Ingenta Connect
Immune Responses to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govImmune Responses to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Mycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosisMycobacteriumTuberculosis, PulmonaryMycobacterium bovisMycobacterium smegmatisMycobacterium InfectionsAntitubercular AgentsIsoniazidMycobacterium aviumTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantNontuberculous MycobacteriaBacterial ProteinsTuberculosis VaccinesRifampinMycobacterium lepraeMycobacterium avium ComplexMycobacterium Infections, NontuberculousAntigens, BacterialBCG VaccinePyrazinamideEthambutolDNA, BacterialAntibiotics, AntitubercularSputumMycobacterium marinumMycobacterium fortuitumMycolic AcidsTuberculin TestMycobacterium kansasiiMycobacterium chelonaeMicrobial Sensitivity TestsTuberculosis, BovineBacteriological TechniquesTuberculosis, MiliaryMycobacteriophagesLatent TuberculosisDrug Resistance, BacterialTuberculosis, Lymph NodeMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosisMycobacterium avium-intracellulare InfectionMolecular Sequence DataDNA FingerprintingTuberculosis, MeningealPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthTuberculosis, CutaneousBacterial Typing TechniquesMycobacterium phleiPolymerase Chain ReactionMacrophagesSensitivity and SpecificityExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisMycobacterium ulceransTuberculosis, OsteoarticularInterferon-gammaTuberculosis, PleuralTuberculinTuberculosis, GastrointestinalDNA Transposable ElementsStreptomycinTuberculosis, SpinalGenes, BacterialLungEthionamideGene Expression Regulation, BacterialGranulomaCapreomycinCord FactorsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialMinisatellite RepeatsTuberculosis, SplenicVirulenceAmino Acid SequenceCulture MediaGenome, BacterialColony Count, MicrobialTuberculosis, Central Nervous SystemBase SequenceReagent Kits, DiagnosticMolecular EpidemiologyGenotypeMutationSequence Analysis, DNADrug Resistance, MicrobialSpecies SpecificityMycobacterium scrofulaceumTuberculosis, UrogenitalPhagosomesTuberculosis, OcularMice, Inbred C57BLLeprosyTuberculosis, HepaticAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsBacterial LoadMolecular Diagnostic TechniquesMicrobial ViabilityGlycolipidsAcyltransferasesAntibodies, BacterialInterspersed Repetitive SequencesMycobacterium xenopiMycobacterium lepraemuriumCrystallography, X-RayChaperonin 60Evaluation Studies as TopicCell WallTuberculosis, Female GenitalContact TracingChaperoninsMolecular TypingRNA, BacterialCluster AnalysisParatuberculosisMice, Inbred BALB CDNA GyraseAnti-Bacterial AgentsTime FactorsPhylogenyClofazimineDirectly Observed TherapyNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesSouth AfricaTuberculosis, RenalRifamycinsDiarylquinolinesModels, MolecularAmidohydrolasesTuberculosis, EndocrineDNA PrimersCloning, MolecularAza CompoundsTuberculosis, LaryngealSpleenT-LymphocytesTruncated HemoglobinsHypersensitivity, DelayedRecombinant ProteinsCytokinesGuinea PigsGene DeletionEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayAminosalicylic AcidPeroxidasesHIV InfectionsMolecular Probe TechniquesTuberculomaRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSequence Homology, Amino AcidCatalaseMycobacterium haemophilumCoinfectionGranuloma, Respiratory TractColorimetryArmadillosDNA ProbesSequence AlignmentEscherichia coliCells, CulturedOfloxacinHost-Pathogen InteractionsOxidoreductasesTuberculosis, OralRifabutinCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesMycobacteriaceaeThioridazineFluoroquinolonesSpecimen HandlingToll-Like Receptor 2ThioacetazoneNitrate ReductaseLymphocyte ActivationDiagnostic ErrorsInterferon-gamma Release TestsVaccinationOxazolesGalactansPeritonitis, TuberculousImmunologic TestsImmunity, CellularTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaMacrophage ActivationAerosolsKanamycinCattleOxazinesAlanine DehydrogenaseEmigration and ImmigrationIndiaQuinolinesProtein Structure, TertiaryPaleopathologyDisease Models, AnimalRadiography, ThoracicDrug Resistance, MultipleMacrophages, AlveolarChromatography, Thin LayerPleural EffusionGenetic Complementation TestMonocytesSubstrate Specificity
IsolatesStrainsBovisAbstractH37RvPathogenesisProteinsVirulenceMolecularBacteriumMacrophagesDetectionATCCPathogenSmegmatisAntibodiesAntigensGeneBacterialRecombinantHumansBacillusSusceptibilityProteinResistanceDiagnosisGenesInteractionsMetabolismAssayPulmonary tuberculosis patientsExposureProteomeEpitopesPatientsLatentHumanSpeciesMetabolic
Isolates2
  • All M. tuberculosis sensu stricto isolates of previously unknown phylogenetic position could be rapidly and unambiguously assigned to one of the eight major clusters, thus providing a facile strategy for identifying organisms that are clonally related by descent. (genetics.org)
  • Here we analyzed a global collection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 clinical isolates, the most geographically widespread cause of human tuberculosis. (aku.edu)
Strains6
  • and Mycobacterium tuberculosis ) have very restricted unselected allelic variation in structural genes, which hinders study of the genetic relationships among strains and strain-trait correlations. (genetics.org)
  • To address this problem in a representative pathogen, 432 M. tuberculosis complex strains from global sources were genotyped on the basis of 230 synonymous (silent) single nucleotide polymorphisms (sSNPs) identified by comparison of four genome sequences. (genetics.org)
  • for estimating genetic relationships among M. tuberculosis strains and for studying relationships between strain genotype and patient phenotype. (genetics.org)
  • As with other bacterial diseases, tuberculosis is increasingly drug resistant, with strains resistant to two front-line drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin (multi-drug resistant), and additional resistance to an injectable antibiotic and a quinolone (extensive-drug resistant) killing now over 500 thousand patients out of a total of 1,800,000 deaths ( WHO, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • We evaluated the clinical usefulness of spoligotyping, a polymerase chain reaction-based method for simultaneous detection and typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, with acid-fast bacilli-positive slides from clinical specimens or mycobacterial cultures. (cdc.gov)
  • We sequenced the genomes of 21 strains representative of the global diversity and six major lineages of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) at 40- to 90-fold coverage using Illumina next-generation DNA sequencing. (unibas.ch)
Bovis3
Abstract2
H37Rv1
Pathogenesis3
  • A re-annotated proteome of M. tuberculosis, with greater completeness of annotated proteins and domain assigned regions, provides a valuable basis for experimental endeavours designed to obtain a better understanding of pathogenesis and to accelerate the process of drug target discovery. (ncbs.res.in)
  • The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex CFP-10/ESAT-6 family proteins play essential but poorly defined roles in tuberculosis pathogenesis. (kent.ac.uk)
  • While intensive research efforts are addressing the pathogenesis, new drugs and vaccines are also necessary to explore into conceptual novel approaches for tuberculosis control. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins5
  • yet, the functions of many proteins in M. tuberculosis remain unknown. (ncbs.res.in)
  • Here we report the structural and functional characterization of gene products encoded in the M. tuberculosis genome, with the help of sensitive profile-based remote homology search and fold recognition algorithms resulting in an enhanced annotation of the proteome where 95% of the M. tuberculosis proteins were identified wholly or partly with information on structure or function. (ncbs.res.in)
  • Analysis of the structure of the CFP-10.ESAT-6 complex and optimized amino acid sequence alignments of M. tuberculosis CFP-10/ESAT-6 family proteins revealed that residues involved in the intramolecular contacts between helices are conserved across the CFP-10/ ESAT-6 family, but not those involved in primarily intermolecular contacts. (kent.ac.uk)
  • In this paper, we now characterize the processing pathway in an additional six M. tuberculosis epitopes from four proteins in human dendritic cells. (elsevier.com)
  • Antisera raised in mice or rabbits against recombinant M. leprae and M. tuberculosis CFP-10 proteins reacted only with homologous peptides from arrays of overlapping synthetic peptides, indicating that there was no detectable cross-reactivity at the antibody level. (elsevier.com)
Virulence1
Molecular1
Bacterium2
Macrophages2
  • Furthermore, we found that over-expression of CwlM stimulated M. tuberculosis survival in activated macrophages. (findaphd.com)
  • Immunohistochemical staining of sections of M. leprae-infected nude mouse footpads resulted in strongly positive staining in macrophages and dendritic cells, as well as weaker staining in extracellular areas, suggesting that M. leprae CFP-10, like its homologue in M. tuberculosis, is a secreted protein. (elsevier.com)
Detection4
ATCC1
Pathogen3
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most successful human pathogen worldwide, responsible for 3 million deaths each year and extensive morbidity and mortality ( W orld H ealth O rganization 1998 ). (genetics.org)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an obligate human pathogen capable of persisting in individual hosts for decades. (unibas.ch)
  • It is known, that the sugars present in some Mycobacterium tuberculosis glycoproteins play an important role in both humoral and cellular immune response against the pathogen. (biomedcentral.com)
Smegmatis1
  • The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2686c-Rv2687c-Rv2688c operon, encoding an ABC transporter, conferred resistance to ciprofloxacin and, to a lesser extent, norfloxacin, moxifloxacin, and sparfloxacin to Mycobacterium smegmatis. (pasteur.fr)
Antibodies3
Antigens2
  • The present data will allow further characterization of the immune response to new mycobacterial-specific antigens and their evaluation for possible inclusion in developing new diagnostic techniques for tuberculosis as well in a new vaccine to prevent the disease. (scielo.br)
  • An essential requirement for the effective control of tuberculosis (TB), a major health care problem worldwide, is the characterization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens (Ags) that are recognized by T cells. (scielo.br)
Gene1
Bacterial1
  • We explore how Mycobacterium tuberculosis utilises amino acids as nitrogen sources, using a combination of bacterial physiology and stable isotope tracing coupled to mass spectrometry metabolomics methods. (elifesciences.org)
Recombinant1
  • In the present work, we investigated the feasibility of R. erythropolis as a host for the recombinant production of M. tuberculosis glycoproteins, Apa and the lipoglycoproteins PstS1 and LprG. (biomedcentral.com)
Humans3
  • Tuberculosis remains a major global threat as it affects humans and production animals. (findaphd.com)
  • Although CD8 + T cells are elicited at high frequencies over the course of infection in both humans and mice, how phagosomal M. tuberculosis Ags are processed and presented by MHC class I molecules is poorly understood. (elsevier.com)
  • Culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a well-characterized immunodominant 10-kDa protein antigen known to elicit a very potent early gamma interferon response in T cells from M. tuberculosis-infected mice and humans. (elsevier.com)
Bacillus1
Susceptibility1
  • This test should not replace AFB smear and culture since they will determine if mycobacterium other than tuberculosis complex are present in addition to MTB complex and the culture is necessary to perform antimycobacterial susceptibility testing. (dlslab.com)
Protein5
  • Extending structural information across uncharacterized protein families represented in the M. tuberculosis proteome, by determining superfamily relationships between families of known and unknown structures, has contributed to an enhancement in the knowledge of structural content. (ncbs.res.in)
  • Nitric oxide (NO) has been long implicated in triggering dormancy in mycobacteria, while serine threonine protein kinases PknB and PknG have been shown to be critical for reactivation from dormancy and regulation of central metabolism. (findaphd.com)
  • Among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons, those who react against purified protein derivative (PPD) have higher risk of tuberculosis. (elsevier.com)
  • The sequence of the Mycobacterium leprae homologue of CFP-10 shows only 40% identity (60% homology) at the protein level with M. tuberculosis CFP-10 and thus has the potential for development as a T- or B-cell reactive antigen for specific diagnosis of leprosy. (elsevier.com)
  • Sera from leprosy and tuberculosis patients were also specific for the homologous protein or peptides and showed distinct patterns of recognition for either M. leprae or M. tuberculosis CFP-10 peptides. (elsevier.com)
Resistance1
  • According to Worth Health Organization, tuberculosis claims about 2 million lives every year with almost one-third of the human population infected with M. tuberculosis , a microorganism that develops resistance to virtually all new drugs produced to fight it. (biomedcentral.com)
Diagnosis3
Genes1
Interactions1
Metabolism1
  • Upon encountering the host-relevant environment of acidic pH, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) slows and even arrests growth in a process that requires remodeling of central carbon metabolism. (calvin.edu)
Assay1
Pulmonary tuberculosis patients1
  • Sputum specimens were sequentially collected for up to a year from 19 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients receiving an optimal drug treatment regimen. (elsevier.com)
Exposure1
  • Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis can result in lifelong but asymptomatic infection in most individuals. (elsevier.com)
Proteome1
Epitopes1
  • We have previously characterized the presentation of three HLA-I epitopes from M. tuberculosis and shown that these Ags are processed in the cytosol, whereas others have demonstrated noncytosolic presentation of the 19-kDa lipoprotein as well as apoptotic bodies from M. tuberculosis-infected cells. (elsevier.com)
Patients4
  • However, studies have shown that it will also benefit patients with high suspicion of tuberculosis, but with negative AFB smear results. (dlslab.com)
  • In this study, we measured levels of M. tuberculosis 85B (alpha antigen) messenger RNA (mRNA), 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and IS6110 DNA in patients' sputa to ascertain whether they could serve as potential surrogate markers of response to chemotherapy. (elsevier.com)
  • Results show that levels of 85B mRNA declined after initiation of therapy, as did viable M. tuberculosis colony counts, with 90% of patients becoming negative for both markers after 2 mo of treatment. (elsevier.com)
  • Forty HIV-negative healthy subjects and 40 HIV-negative tuberculosis patients were evaluated as controls. (elsevier.com)
Latent2
  • WHO estimates that one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), forming a huge latent Mtb global reservoir. (www.gov.uk)
  • Most infections do not have symptoms, in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis . (answersdrive.com)
Human2
  • This study represents the first in-depth analysis of nitrogen source utilisation by M. tuberculosis and reveals a flexible metabolic network with characteristics that are likely a product of evolution in the human host. (elifesciences.org)
  • This suggests that M. tuberculosis has evolved to be very flexible in its dietary habits, which may explain why these bacteria can thrive in the varied environments within the human body. (elifesciences.org)
Species1
Metabolic1
  • Little is known about the metabolic state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) inside the phagosome, a compartment inside phagocytes for killing pathogens and other foreign substances. (wur.nl)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas (id.wikipedia.org)
Hot on the Trail of the Resistant TB Bug Mycobacterium tuberculosis - USA Science and Engineering Festival: The Blog
Hot on the Trail of the Resistant TB Bug Mycobacterium tuberculosis - USA Science and Engineering Festival: The Blog (scienceblogs.com)
Virulence Regulator EspR of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is a Nucleoid-Associated Protein
Virulence Regulator EspR of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is a Nucleoid-Associated Protein (journals.plos.org)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis · iNaturalist
Mycobacterium tuberculosis · iNaturalist (inaturalist.org)
Ancient Origin and Gene Mosaicism of the Progenitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Ancient Origin and Gene Mosaicism of the Progenitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (journals.plos.org)
Use of Whole Genome Sequencing to Determine the Microevolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during an Outbreak
Use of Whole Genome Sequencing to Determine the Microevolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during an Outbreak (journals.plos.org)
A computational model tracks whole-lung Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and predicts factors that inhibit dissemination
A computational model tracks whole-lung Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and predicts factors that inhibit dissemination (journals.plos.org)
Prevalence of Drug Resistance Mycobacterium Tuberculosis among Patients Seen in Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa,...
Prevalence of Drug Resistance Mycobacterium Tuberculosis among Patients Seen in Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa,... (journals.plos.org)
IUCr) Rv2969c, essential for optimal growth in <span class=it><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i></span>, is a DsbA-like enzyme...
IUCr) Rv2969c, essential for optimal growth in <span class="it"><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i></span>, is a DsbA-like enzyme... (journals.iucr.org)
JCDR - Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pncA gene, Polymerase chain reaction
JCDR - Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pncA gene, Polymerase chain reaction (jcdr.net)
JCI Insight - Heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis prime-boost vaccination induces myeloid-derived suppressor cells with...
JCI Insight - Heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis prime-boost vaccination induces myeloid-derived suppressor cells with... (insight.jci.org)
Treating Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Exposed and Infected Children
Treating Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Exposed and Infected Children (cdc.gov)
Treating Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes...
Treating Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes... (cdc.gov)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Interactions with the Immune System | Mauro Bendinelli | Springer
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Interactions with the Immune System | Mauro Bendinelli | Springer (springer.com)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | SpringerLink
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis [image] | EurekAlert! Science News
Mycobacterium tuberculosis [image] | EurekAlert! Science News (eurekalert.org)
Tuberculosis | 2009 Case Definition
Tuberculosis | 2009 Case Definition (wwwn.cdc.gov)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Emerging Disease of Free-Ranging Wildlife - Volume 8, Number 6-June 2002 - Emerging Infectious...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Emerging Disease of Free-Ranging Wildlife - Volume 8, Number 6-June 2002 - Emerging Infectious... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure - Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Emerging Disease of Free-Ranging Wildlife - Volume 8, Number 6-June 2002 - Emerging...
Figure - Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Emerging Disease of Free-Ranging Wildlife - Volume 8, Number 6-June 2002 - Emerging... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Wikipedia
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Wikipedia (no.wikipedia.org)
RCSB PDB - 2QJ3: Mycobacterium tuberculosis FabD
RCSB PDB - 2QJ3: Mycobacterium tuberculosis FabD (rcsb.org)
Fatty acid biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Lateral gene transfer, adaptive evolution, and gene duplication | PNAS
Fatty acid biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Lateral gene transfer, adaptive evolution, and gene duplication | PNAS (pnas.org)
Frontiers | Competitive Cell Death Interactions in Pulmonary Infection: Host Modulation Versus Pathogen Manipulation |...
Frontiers | Competitive Cell Death Interactions in Pulmonary Infection: Host Modulation Versus Pathogen Manipulation |... (frontiersin.org)
Gene combo causes susceptibility to tuberculosis | Science News | Naked Scientists
Gene combo causes susceptibility to tuberculosis | Science News | Naked Scientists (thenakedscientists.com)
Variable host-pathogen compatibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | PNAS
Variable host-pathogen compatibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | PNAS (pnas.org)
World TB Day Symposium: Countdown to 2015 | The New York Academy of Sciences
World TB Day Symposium: Countdown to 2015 | The New York Academy of Sciences (nyas.org)
Metabolic principles of persistence and pathogenicity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Nature Reviews Microbiology
Metabolic principles of persistence and pathogenicity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Nature Reviews Microbiology (nature.com)