Muscles. Medical search

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

A state arrived at through prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle. Studies in athletes during prolonged submaximal exercise have shown that muscle fatigue increases in almost direct proportion to the rate of muscle glycogen depletion. Muscle fatigue in short-term maximal exercise is associated with oxygen lack and an increased level of blood and muscle lactic acid, and an accompanying increase in hydrogen-ion concentration in the exercised muscle.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified.

The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type I MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have low ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment.

Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

Mitochondria of skeletal and smooth muscle. It does not include myocardial mitochondria for which MITOCHONDRIA, HEART is available.

The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus).

The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.

One of two types of muscle in the body, characterized by the array of bands observed under microscope. Striated muscles can be divided into two subtypes: the CARDIAC MUSCLE and the SKELETAL MUSCLE.

Skeletal muscle structures that function as the MECHANORECEPTORS responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (REFLEX, STRETCH). They are composed of a bundle of encapsulated SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, i.e., the intrafusal fibers (nuclear bag 1 fibers, nuclear bag 2 fibers, and nuclear chain fibers) innervated by SENSORY NEURONS.

That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.

These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.

A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)

Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.

Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. (from Stedman, 25th ed)

The quadriceps femoris. A collective name of the four-headed skeletal muscle of the thigh, comprised of the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.

Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (MUSCLE FIBERS, SKELETAL), cardiac (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC), and smooth (MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called MYOBLASTS.

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws.

Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib, and contract during inspiration or respiration. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.

Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.

Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.

Elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblasts lying in close contact with adult skeletal muscle. They are thought to play a role in muscle repair and regeneration.

The pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles that make up the upper and fore part of the chest in front of the AXILLA.

Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.

A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology.

The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws; its posterior portion retracts the mandible.

Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The muscles of the PHARYNX are voluntary muscles arranged in two layers. The external circular layer consists of three constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior). The internal longitudinal layer consists of the palatopharyngeus, the salpingopharyngeus, and the stylopharyngeus. During swallowing, the outer layer constricts the pharyngeal wall and the inner layer elevates pharynx and LARYNX.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.

The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.

Embryonic (precursor) cells of the myogenic lineage that develop from the MESODERM. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL; MYOCYTES, CARDIAC; MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.

A strain of mice arising from a spontaneous MUTATION (mdx) in inbred C57BL mice. This mutation is X chromosome-linked and produces viable homozygous animals that lack the muscle protein DYSTROPHIN, have high serum levels of muscle ENZYMES, and possess histological lesions similar to human MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. The histological features, linkage, and map position of mdx make these mice a worthy animal model of DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY.

The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.

A growth differentiation factor that is a potent inhibitor of SKELETAL MUSCLE growth. It may play a role in the regulation of MYOGENESIS and in muscle maintenance during adulthood.

A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Though it is not clear how its function differs from the other myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD appears to be related to fusion and terminal differentiation of the muscle cell.

The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.

Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.

Exercises that stretch the muscle fibers with the aim to increase muscle-tendon FLEXIBILITY, improve RANGE OF MOTION or musculoskeletal function, and prevent injuries. There are various types of stretching techniques including active, passive (relaxed), static, dynamic (gentle), ballistic (forced), isometric, and others.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)

Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.

General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).

A muscle protein localized in surface membranes which is the product of the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy gene. Individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually lack dystrophin completely while those with Becker muscular dystrophy have dystrophin of an altered size. It shares features with other cytoskeletal proteins such as SPECTRIN and alpha-actinin but the precise function of dystrophin is not clear. One possible role might be to preserve the integrity and alignment of the plasma membrane to the myofibrils during muscle contraction and relaxation. MW 400 kDa.

The time span between the beginning of physical activity by an individual and the termination because of exhaustion.

Precursor cells destined to differentiate into skeletal myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL).

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Technique for limiting use, activity, or movement by immobilizing or restraining animal by suspending from hindlimbs or tails. This immobilization is used to simulate some effects of reduced gravity and study weightlessness physiology.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

The portion of the leg in humans and other animals found between the HIP and KNEE.

Tumors or cancer located in muscle tissue or specific muscles. They are differentiated from NEOPLASMS, MUSCLE TISSUE which are neoplasms composed of skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscle tissue, such as MYOSARCOMA or LEIOMYOMA.

A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.

Two of the masticatory muscles: the internal, or medial, pterygoid muscle and external, or lateral, pterygoid muscle. Action of the former is closing the jaws and that of the latter is opening the jaws, protruding the mandible, and moving the mandible from side to side.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.

Myosin type II isoforms found in skeletal muscle.

An order of the class Amphibia, which includes several families of frogs and toads. They are characterized by well developed hind limbs adapted for jumping, fused head and trunk and webbed toes. The term "toad" is ambiguous and is properly applied only to the family Bufonidae.

The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that assist with muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions.

A heterogeneous group of drugs used to produce muscle relaxation, excepting the neuromuscular blocking agents. They have their primary clinical and therapeutic uses in the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. They have been used also for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p358)

The excitable plasma membrane of a muscle cell. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a "free interval") followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)

An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.

Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.

A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Myogenin is induced during differentiation of every skeletal muscle cell line that has been investigated, in contrast to the other myogenic regulatory factors that only appear in certain cell types.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)

A device that measures MUSCLE STRENGTH during muscle contraction, such as gripping, pushing, and pulling. It is used to evaluate the health status of muscle in sports medicine or physical therapy.

An intermediate filament protein found predominantly in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. Localized at the Z line. MW 50,000 to 55,000 is species dependent.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

Myosin type II isoforms found in smooth muscle.

Cell surface proteins that bind acetylcholine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Cholinergic receptors are divided into two major classes, muscarinic and nicotinic, based originally on their affinity for nicotine and muscarine. Each group is further subdivided based on pharmacology, location, mode of action, and/or molecular biology.

The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Reflex contraction of a muscle in response to stretching, which stimulates muscle proprioceptors.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A protein found in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. It inhibits contraction of the muscle unless its position is modified by TROPONIN.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (CITRIC ACID CYCLE). It catalyzes the reaction of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA to form citrate and coenzyme A. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.7.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.

A species of the family Ranidae occurring in a wide variety of habitats from within the Arctic Circle to South Africa, Australia, etc.

Thick triangular muscle in the SHOULDER whose function is to abduct, flex, and extend the arm. It is a common site of INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

A family of muscle-specific transcription factors which bind to DNA in control regions and thus regulate myogenesis. All members of this family contain a conserved helix-loop-helix motif which is homologous to the myc family proteins. These factors are only found in skeletal muscle. Members include the myoD protein (MYOD PROTEIN); MYOGENIN; myf-5, and myf-6 (also called MRF4 or herculin).

The specialized postsynaptic region of a muscle cell. The motor endplate is immediately across the synaptic cleft from the presynaptic axon terminal. Among its anatomical specializations are junctional folds which harbor a high density of cholinergic receptors.

An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.

A glucose transport protein found in mature MUSCLE CELLS and ADIPOCYTES. It promotes transport of glucose from the BLOOD into target TISSUES. The inactive form of the protein is localized in CYTOPLASMIC VESICLES. In response to INSULIN, it is translocated to the PLASMA MEMBRANE where it facilitates glucose uptake.

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

A highly variable species of the family Ranidae in Canada, the United States and Central America. It is the most widely used Anuran in biomedical research.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The use of wings or wing-like appendages to remain aloft and move through the air.

An isoenzyme of creatine kinase found in the MUSCLE.

An activity in which the body is propelled by moving the legs rapidly. Running is performed at a moderate to rapid pace and should be differentiated from JOGGING, which is performed at a much slower pace.

The restriction of the MOVEMENT of whole or part of the body by physical means (RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL) or chemically by ANALGESIA, or the use of TRANQUILIZING AGENTS or NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS. It includes experimental protocols used to evaluate the physiologic effects of immobility.

A paired box transcription factor that is involved in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and SKELETAL MUSCLE.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Abnormal increase in skeletal or smooth muscle tone. Skeletal muscle hypertonicity may be associated with PYRAMIDAL TRACT lesions or BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

The farthest or outermost projections of the body, such as the HAND and FOOT.

A SKELETAL MUSCLE-specific transcription factor that contains a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF. It plays an essential role in MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT.

Deep muscles in the BACK whose function is to extend and rotate the SPINE and maintain POSTURE. It consists splenius, semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores, interspinales, intertransversarii and sacrospinalis.

The position or attitude of the body.

The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.

The superior part of the upper extremity between the SHOULDER and the ELBOW.

One of the minor protein components of skeletal muscle. Its function is to serve as the calcium-binding component in the troponin-tropomyosin B-actin-myosin complex by conferring calcium sensitivity to the cross-linked actin and myosin filaments.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)

A tetrameric calcium release channel in the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM membrane of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, acting oppositely to SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES. It is important in skeletal and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and studied by using RYANODINE. Abnormalities are implicated in CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS and MUSCULAR DISEASES.

The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

A region of the lower extremity immediately surrounding and including the KNEE JOINT.

The spread of response if stimulation is prolonged. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 8th ed.)

Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.

Disorders characterized by an abnormal reduction in muscle volume due to a decrease in the size or number of muscle fibers. Atrophy may result from diseases intrinsic to muscle tissue (e.g., MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY) or secondary to PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES that impair innervation to muscle tissue (e.g., MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL).

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)

The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.

The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.

The rear surface of an upright primate from the shoulders to the hip, or the dorsal surface of tetrapods.

Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.

The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.

A sport in which weights are lifted competitively or as an exercise.

A diminution of the skeletal muscle tone marked by a diminished resistance to passive stretching.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

Infleuce of dietary levels of vitamin E and selenium on tissue and blood parameters in pigs. (1/17862)

Eighteen barrows approximately three weeks of age were used in a 3 X 3 factorial arrangement to investigate the effect of level of supplemental vitamin E and selenium on tissue and blood parameters. Tissue selenium concentrations increased in a quadratic manner with increased selenium intake with kidney tissue containing considerably greater concentrations than liver, heart or muscle. Supplementation of the diet caused a three-fold increase in serum selenium within the first week with a slight tendency to further increases in subsequent weeks. Serum vitamin E of unsupplemented pigs declined by fifty percent during the experiment, whereas supplemental vitamin E resulted in increased serum vitamin E. There was a considerable viration in percent peroxide hemolysis. Correlation of -0.63 between percent peroxide hemolysis and vitamin E intake and -0.85 between percent peroxide hemolysis and serum vitamin E were observed. (+info)

Pathological changes in chickens, ducks and turkeys fed high levels of rapeseed oil. (2/17862)

Rations containing 25% of either regular rapeseed oil (36% erucic acid), Oro rapeseed oil (1.9% erucic acid), soybean oil or a mixture of lard and corn oil were fed to chickens, ducks and turkeys. The regular rapeseed oil ration caused growth depression, increased feed conversion and anemia in all species. All the ducks and some of the chickens fed the regular rapeseed oil ration died. These dead birds were affected with hydropericardium and ascites. No deaths in the turkeys could be attributed to the regular rapeseed oil ration but some turkeys fed this ration had degenerative foci characterized by infiltrations of histiocytic and giant cells in the myocardium. Severe fatty change in the heart, skeletal muscles, spleen and kidney was found at an early age in all birds fed the regular rapeseed oil ration. Less severe fatty change but no other lesions were found in birds fed the Oro rapeseed oil and soybean oil rations. (+info)

In vitro effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) on bovine cells. (3/17862)

Bovine fetal muscle cells were exposed to culture media containing 2 mg and 20 mg per liter of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) for varying intervals to determine the in vitro response of mammalian cells to this compound. The concentrations of 2,4-D used were comparable to those used in spray programmes although the residues normally found in pasture are much lower since 2,4-D is rapidly degraded under field conditions. Untreated and treated cultures were analyzed for total cell count, mitotic index and the percentages of differentiating and degenerating cells. The response of cultures to treatment was similar irrespective of the concentrations of 2,4-D used although in higher concentrations there was an initial drop in mitotic index. Other changes noted in treated cultures included an increase in differentiating and degenerating cells compared to those in control. The mitotic cells in treated cultures exhibited unipolar and tripolar spindles and a variety of other abnormalities including malorientation of the mitotic apparatus in relation to the axis of the cell. Myoblasts in initial stages of myogenesis were noted to be in mitosis in treated cultures suggesting that 2,4-D may have a stimulatory effect on myoblasts which in normal myogenesis are in post mitotic stage. (+info)

Synthesis and kinetic evaluation of 4-deoxymaltopentaose and 4-deoxymaltohexaose as inhibitors of muscle and potato alpha-glucan phosphorylases. (4/17862)

alpha-Glucan phosphorylases degrade linear or branched oligosaccharides via a glycosyl transfer reaction, occurring with retention of configuration, to generate alpha-glucose-1-phosphate (G1P). We report here the chemoenzymic synthesis of two incompetent oligosaccharide substrate analogues, 4-deoxymaltohexaose (4DG6) and 4-deoxymaltopentaose (4DG5), for use in probing this mechanism. A kinetic analysis of the interactions of 4DG5 and 4DG6 with both muscle and potato phosphorylases was completed to provide insight into the nature of the binding mode of oligosaccharide to phosphorylase. The 4-deoxy-oligosaccharides bind competitively with maltopentaose and non-competitively with respect to orthophosphate or G1P in each case, indicating binding in the oligosaccharide binding site. Further, 4DG5 and 4DG6 were found to bind to potato and muscle phosphorylases some 10-40-fold tighter than does maltopentaose. Similar increases in affinity as a consequence of 4-deoxygenation were observed previously for the binding of polymeric glycogen analogues to rabbit muscle phosphorylase [Withers (1990) Carbohydr. Res. 196, 61-73]. (+info)

Metallothionein-null mice absorb less Zn from an egg-white diet, but a similar amount from solutions, although with altered intertissue Zn distribution. (5/17862)

The influence of metallothionein (MT) on Zn transfer into non-gut tissues was investigated in MT-null (MT-/-) and normal (MT+/+) mice 4 h after oral gavage of aqueous 65ZnSO4solution at doses of 154, 385, 770 and 1540 nmol Zn per mouse. Zn transfer was not significantly different between MT+/+ and MT-/- mice and was directly proportional to the oral dose (slope = 0.127, r = 0.991; 0. 146, r = 0.994, respectively). Blood 65Zn and plasma Zn concentrations increased progressively in MT-/- mice at doses >154 nmol Zn, reaching levels of 2.4% of oral dose and 60 micromol/L, respectively, at the 1540 nmol Zn dose. The corresponding values for MT+/+ mice were approximately half, 1.0% and 29 micromol/L. Intergenotypic differences were found in tissue distribution of 65Zn within the body; MT-/- mice had higher 65Zn levels in muscle, skin, heart and brain, whereas MT+/+ mice retained progressively more Zn in the liver, in conjunction with a linear increase in hepatic MT up to the highest Zn dose. MT induction in the small intestine reached its maximum at an oral dose of 385 nmol Zn and did not differ at higher doses. Absorption of a 770 nmol 65Zn dose from a solid egg-white diet was only one fourth (MT+/+) and one eighth (MT-/-) of the Zn absorption from the same dose of 65Zn in aqueous solution. MT+/+ mice had greater (P < 0.05) Zn absorption from the egg-white diet than did MT-/- mice, indicating that gut MT confers an absorptive advantage, but only when Zn is incorporated into solid food. (+info)

The effect of denervation and dystrophy on the adaptation of sarcomere number to the functional length of the muscle in young and adult mice. (6/17862)

In young animals the elongation of the limb bones increases the functional lengths of the muscles. In adult animals the functional length of a muscle can be increased by immobilizing it in the lengthened position. In both cases the muscle adapts by adding on more sarcomeres in series. The role of the nerve supply in this adaptation has been investigated using denervated muscles and muscles from dystrophic animals where there is thought to be an abnormality of the nerve supply. Postnatal sarcomere addition in denervated muscles falls short of that of controls. Although this might mean that the nerve supply is necessary for normal addition of sarcomeres, it is just as likely that there is a change in gait resulting from denervation, which affects the sarcomere number. Sarcomere number in fully grown mice is not affected by denervation, nor is the ability of the muscle to adapt to immobilization in the lengthened position. This is true for fast-twitch as well as slow-twitch muscles. In dystrophic muscles postnatal sarcomere addition is normal, although the presence of a few short fibres in the muscle may mean that some muscle fibres cannot adapt to an increase in the functional length of the muscle accompanying bone growth. Adult dystrophic muscle is capable of adapting to immobilization in the lengthened position. However, although the total number of additional sarcomeres is the same as in normal immobilized muscle, they are added on at a slower rate. The experiments show that although denervated and dystrophic muscle fibres are in a state of atrophy they are still capable of adding on sarcomeres in series when the functional length of the muscle is increased. It would appear that the mechanism which enables the muscle to respond in this way to an increased functional length does not involve the nerve supply. This work was supported by a grant from the National Fund for Research into Crippling Diseases. (+info)

Gamma-Actinin, a new regulatory protein from rabbit skeletal muscle. I. Purification and characterization. (7/17862)

A new regulatory protein which we have designated as gamma-actinin has been isolated from native thin filaments of rabbit skeletal muscle. Depolymerized native thin filaments were fractionated by salting out with ammonium sulfate, and the precipitates obtained at 40--60% ammonium sulfate saturation were further subjected to DEAE-Sephadex and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The purified gamma-actinin was shown to have a chain weight of 35,000 daltons and had a strong inhibitory action on the polymerization of G-actin. The results of amino acid analysis indicated a unique amino acid composition of gamma-actinin as compared with other structural proteins of muscle. Non-polar and neutral amino acid residues were abundant. One cysteine residue was contained per one molecule of gamma-actinin and played a critical role in the maintenance of the inhibitory activity. Pelleting of gamma-actinin with F-actin showed that gamma-actinin binds to F-action. (+info)

Connectin, an elastic protein from myofibrils. (8/17862)

The elastic protein isolated from myofibrils of chicken skeletal muscle was compared with extracellular non-collagenous reticulin prepared from chicken liver and skeletal muscle. The amino acid compositions of these proteins were similar except that their contents of Phe, Leu, Cys/2, and Hyp were different. The impregnations of the elastic protein and reticulin with silver were also different. The reticulin was not at all elastic. It also differed from reticulin in solubility and antigenicity. It is proposed to call the intracellular elastic protein connectin. (+info)

Second, a single asynchronous muscle can deform an elastic element which then stretches the muscle and causes the muscle to ... As cardiac muscle is lengthened, there is an instantaneous rise in force caused by elastic, spring-like elements in the muscle ... As the muscle is stretched, these bridges move tropomyosin to reveal myosin-actin binding sites. The muscle can only produce ... When the muscle shortens, force drops and continues dropping even when the muscle length remains constant. Similarly, when the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_muscles

... has been released in the U.S. on DVD by Cinema Guild. The Bodybuilder and I "Afghan Muscles," Film Threat, 7 ... "Afghan Muscles," Planete Doc Review, 9 May 2008 "Afghan Muscles," Cinema Guild Archived 18 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine ... Afghan Muscles is the first feature-length film directed by Danish filmmaker Andreas Møl Dalsgaard (born 1980), who received a ... Afghan Muscles shared the 2007 AFI Fest Grand Jury Prize for Documentary with Operation Filmmaker, directed by Nina Davenport. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_Muscles

... has received mostly positive reviews from critics. Fabulous Muscles was Xiu Xiu's third album in two years. ... "Fabulous Muscles - Xiu Xiu". AllMusic. Retrieved July 1, 2011. Xiu Xiu - Fabulous Muscles (CD, Album). Discogs. Retrieved 1 ... "Xiu Xiu: Fabulous Muscles". Alternative Press (189): 88. April 2004. "Xiu Xiu: Fabulous Muscles". Mojo (126): 105. May 2004. ... "Xiu Xiu - Fabulous Muscles". Tiny Mix Tapes. Retrieved July 1, 2011. Joseph, Peter. I Can't Wait to Watch You Get Older: An ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabulous_Muscles

The fibularis muscles (also called peroneus muscles or peroneals) are a group of muscles in the lower leg. The muscle group is ... whereas the tertius muscle pulls the foot upward toward the body (dorsiflexion). The fibularis muscles are highly variable. ... muscles labeled at center left "Peroneal Muscles". www.earthslab.com. Chaitow, Leon; Walker DeLany, Judith (2000). Clinical ... While all three muscles move the sole of the foot outward, away from the midline of the body (eversion), the longus and brevis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibularis_muscles

... infraspinatus muscle subscapularis muscle supraspinatus muscle teres minor muscle teres major muscle Other muscles that attach ... The scapulohumeral muscles are a group of seven muscles that connect the humerus to the scapula. They are amongst the muscles ... They include : coracobrachialis muscle deltoid muscle rotator cuff muscles : ... latissimus dorsi muscle pectoralis major muscle v t e (Use American English from January 2019, All Wikipedia articles written ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapulohumeral_muscles

The splenius muscles are: Splenius capitis muscle Splenius cervicis muscle Their origins are in the upper thoracic and lower ... Muscles of the torso, All stub articles, Muscle stubs). ... "Splenius Muscle Origin, Anatomy & Function - Body Maps". www. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenius_muscles

The semispinalis muscles are innervated by the dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves. List of muscles of the human body ... The semispinalis muscles are a group of three muscles belonging to the transversospinales. These are the semispinalis capitis, ... It lies deep to the trapezius muscle and can be palpated as a firm round muscle mass just lateral to the cervical spinous ... Semispinalis capitis muscle Section showing cervicis and fascia This article incorporates text in the public domain from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semispinalis_muscles

Stylopharyngeus muscle Salpingopharyngeus muscle Palatopharyngeus muscle During swallowing, these muscles act to shorten and ... Inferior constrictor muscle Middle constrictor muscle Superior constrictor muscle During swallowing, these muscles constrict to ... The pharyngeal muscles are a group of muscles that form the pharynx, which is posterior to the oral cavity, determining the ... v t e (Articles with TA98 identifiers, Muscles of the head and neck, Pharynx, All stub articles, Muscle stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_muscles

... thin muscles that are nearly parallel with the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. These four muscles have different ... The mylohyoid muscles are thin, flat muscles that form a sling inferior to the tongue supporting the floor of the mouth. The ... The suprahyoid muscles are four muscles located above the hyoid bone in the neck. They are the digastric, stylohyoid, ... geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles. They are all pharyngeal muscles, with the exception of the geniohyoid muscle. The digastric ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprahyoid_muscles

The prevertebral muscles are the muscles located between the prevertebral fascia (older definition) and the vertebral column, i ... v t e (Muscles of the head and neck, All stub articles, Musculoskeletal system stubs). ... the longus capitis, longus colli, rectus capitis anterior, and rectus capitis lateralis muscles. Prevertebral space kobiljak. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevertebral_muscles

Rhomboid minor muscle Rhomboid major muscle Rhomboid muscles. Left scapula. Posterior surface. Full back muscle flex ... ... Rhomboid major muscle Rhomboid minor muscle The large rhombus-shaped muscle, located under the trapezius muscle in the upper ... The rhomboid minor muscle originates from the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1. Both muscles are ... The rhomboid muscles (/ˈrɒmbɔɪd/), often simply called the rhomboids, are rhombus-shaped muscles associated with the scapula. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhomboid_muscles

The rotatores muscles (rotatores spinae muscles) lie beneath the multifidus and are present in all spinal regions but are most ... The Rotatores muscles have a high density of proprioceptors and have been implicated in postural control. Multifidus muscle ... Each muscle is small and somewhat quadrilateral in form; it arises from the superior and posterior part of the transverse ... Sometimes the number of these muscles is diminished by the absence of one or more from the upper or lower end. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotatores_muscles

The suboccipital muscles are a group of muscles defined by their location to the occiput. Suboccipital muscles are located ... the two straight muscles (rectus) and the two oblique muscles (obliquus). The muscles are named Rectus capitis posterior major ... v t e (Commons category link is on Wikidata, Articles with TA98 identifiers, Muscles of the head and neck, All stub articles, ... Position of suboccipital muscles. Animation. Close up. Seen from below. Still image. Suboccipital triangle Wikimedia Commons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suboccipital_muscles

The gemelli muscles are the inferior gemellus muscle and the superior gemellus muscle, two small accessory fasciculi to the ... The gemelli muscles belong to the lateral rotator group of six muscles of the hip that rotate the femur in the hip joint. The ... The superior gemellus muscle is the higher placed gemellus muscle that arises from the outer (gluteal) surface of the ischial ... The superior and inferior gemellus muscles are paired and perform the same action. Superior gemellus muscle. Right hip bone. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemelli_muscles

"Diana Ross - Muscles". discogs.com. Retrieved February 3, 2016. "Diana Ross - Muscles". Ev.discogs.com. Archived from the ... "Diana Ross - Muscles". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 2020-05-21. "Diana Ross - Muscles". Singles Top 100. Retrieved 2020-05-21. " ... The vocals on this version of "Muscles" are performed by singer-songwriter, Suzanne Palmer. Lil' Kim sampled "Muscles" for her ... "Muscles" is a 1982 hit single written and produced by Michael Jackson, and performed by American singer Diana Ross. It was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscles_(song)

Muscles of the torso, All stub articles, Muscle stubs). ... The interspinales are short muscle fascicles, found in pairs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interspinales_muscles

... the superior rectus muscle, lateral rectus muscle, medial rectus muscle, and inferior rectus muscle. The recti muscles are all ... The extraocular muscles (extrinsic ocular muscles), are the seven extrinsic muscles of the human eye. Six of the extraocular ... The two oblique muscles are the inferior oblique muscle, and the superior oblique muscle. The movements of the extraocular ... the four recti muscles, and the superior and inferior oblique muscles, control movement of the eye and the other muscle, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraocular_muscles

... (colloquially referred to as "pecs") are the muscles that connect the front of the human chest with the bones ... Pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped or triangular convergent muscle, which makes up the bulk of the chest muscle. It lies ... Serratus anterior is another muscle on the front of the chest. It moves the scapula forward around the torso, as when throwing ... The pectoral fascia is a thin layer of tissue over the pectoralis major, extending toward the latissimus dorsi muscle on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectoral_muscles

... the anterior axioappendicular muscles and the posterior axioappendicular muscles. The anterior axioappendicular muscles are the ... The Axioappendicular muscles are the muscles that extend between the axial and (superior or inferior) appendicular skeletons. ... Superficial Posterior Axioappendicular muscles (or the extrinsic shoulder muscles) Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Deep Posterior ... OCLC 881508489.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) "Shoulder muscles". Kenhub. Retrieved 2019-09-26. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axioappendicular_muscles

Muscles Mr. Muscles at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. v t e (Articles with topics of ... He was assisted by sidekicks Kid Muscles and Miss Muscles, who appeared in backup stories. With a superhero costume consisting ... Muscles is a fictional comic book superhero created in 1956 by writer Jerry Siegel for Charlton Comics, and drawn by Bill ... Muscles ran two issues numbered #22-23 (March & Aug. 1956), the series having taken over the numbering of the comic Blue Beetle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Muscles

... muscle Temporoparietalis muscle Procerus muscle Nasalis muscle Depressor septi nasi muscle Orbicularis oculi muscle Corrugator ... Orbicularis oris muscle Depressor anguli oris muscle Risorius Zygomaticus major muscle Zygomaticus minor muscle Levator labii ... These muscles also cause wrinkles at right angles to the muscles' action line. The facial muscles are supplied by the facial ... They are the only muscles that attach to the dermis. The facial muscles are just under the skin (subcutaneous) muscles that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_muscles

Muscles' singles "Ice Cream" and "Sweaty" appeared in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2007 at Nos. 14 and 76 respectively. Muscles' ... Chris Copulos (born 1986 or 1987), better known by his stage name Muscles, is an Australian electronica musician. Muscles' ... Muscles did a two-week North American club tour in October to promote the US release of the album. In November and December, he ... A week later Muscles was chosen as the support for Hot Chip's Melbourne Big Day Out sideshow. A special one-off performance was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscles_(musician)

Muscles is the debut solo album by hip hop musician Mele Mel. Despite being involved in the hip hop industry since 1978 and ... "Ice Cube Intro / Blow" - 2:17 "The Clapper" - 4:01 "New Truck" - 4:52 "M-3" - 4:11 "Left, Right, Left" - 4:40 "Muscles" - 4:12 ... having appeared on numerous important singles and songs, Muscles is Mele Mel's first full-length album as a solo performer. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscles_(album)

The pectinate muscles originate from the crista terminalis.[citation needed] The pectinate muscles are so-called because of ... Pectinate muscles make up the part of the wall in front of this, the right atrial appendage.[citation needed] In the left ... The pectinate muscles (musculi pectinati) are parallel muscular ridges in the walls of the atria of the heart. Behind the crest ... Some sources cite that the pectinate muscles are useful in increasing the power of contraction without increasing heart mass ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectinate_muscles

The vastus muscles are three of the four muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris muscle of the thigh. The three muscles are ... Vastus intermedius muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Muscles of thigh. Cross section. Muscles of Thigh. Anterior views. Drake, ... The fourth muscle is the rectus femoris muscle a large fleshy muscle which covers the front and sides of the femur. The vastus ... The obliquus genus muscle is the most distal segment of the vastus medialis muscle. Its specific training plays an important ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vastus_muscles

... may refer to: External obturator muscle Internal obturator muscle This disambiguation page lists articles ... associated with the title Obturator muscles. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obturator_muscles

2021-12-21 Santa with Muscles at IMDb Santa with Muscles at AllMovie Santa with Muscles at Box Office Mojo Santa with Muscles ... Santa with Muscles". Total Film. Retrieved 6 December 2011. "Movies For a Crappy Christmas: Santa with Muscles". Virgin Media. ... "Santa with Muscles Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 6 December 2011. Leydon, Joe (18 November 1996). "Santa with Muscles". ... Santa with Muscles is a 1996 American Christmas comedy film starring Hulk Hogan and directed by John Murlowski. It was released ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_with_Muscles

Muscles of hand. Cross section. Interosseous muscles of the hand Dorsal interossei of the hand Interosseous muscles of the foot ... The pollical palmar interosseous muscle (PPIM) is absent in non-human primates, and is probably an autapomorphic muscle unique ... The palmar interosseous muscles adduct the fingers towards the middle finger. This is in contrast to the dorsal interossei, ... All of the interosseous muscles of the hand are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. The palmar interossei are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmar_interossei_muscles

... may refer to: External anal sphincter Internal anal sphincter This disambiguation page lists articles ... associated with the title Anal sphincter muscles. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_sphincter_muscles

The external intercostal muscles, and the intercartilaginous part of the internal intercostal muscles, (the part of the muscle ... The internal intercostal muscles (intercostales interni) are a group of skeletal muscles located between the ribs. They are ... It is this arrangement that allows these muscles to facilitate exhalation. For the most part, they are muscles of exhalation. ... In exhalation the interosseous portions of the internal intercostal muscles, (the part of the muscle that is between the bone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_intercostal_muscles

Children can do muscle- and bone-strengthening activity at least 3 days each week. Also, some activities, such as bicycling or ... Include activities that make their hearts beat faster, build muscles (like climbing or doing push-ups), and strengthen bones ( ... Aerobic, Muscle- and Bone-Strengthening: What Counts for School-Aged Children and Adolescents?. ... Aerobic, Muscle- and Bone-Strengthening: What Counts for School-Aged Children and Adolescents? ...

https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/guidelines/what_counts.html

... is a disorder of the nervous system that affects use of the muscles that surround the eyes (extraocular muscles). Explore ... is a disorder of the nervous system that affects use of the muscles that surround the eyes (extraocular muscles). These muscles ... FIBROSIS OF EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES, CONGENITAL, 2. *FIBROSIS OF EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES, CONGENITAL, 3A, WITH OR WITHOUT EXTRAOCULAR ... muscle weakness in the face; nonfunctioning vocal cords; and a set of symptoms called Kallmann syndrome, which features delayed ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-fibrosis-of-the-extraocular-muscles/

... muscles, smart materials that monitor a persons vital signs, and a novel laser treatment for long-sightedness ... Metal muscles. Autonomous robots, micro-scale air vehicles, and prosthetic limbs are all supposed to operate for long periods ... Read the full metal muscle patent application. Circuit-board clothing. "The integration of electronic components into ... Natures choice is to provide chemical power for natural actuators like muscles. Human engineers have typically taken another ...

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12844-invention-metal-muscles/

Writing.Com is the online community for creative writing, fiction writing, story writing, poetry writing, writing contests, writing portfolios, writing help, and writing writers.

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https://www.muscleandfitness.com/athlete/donald-beckwith/

8 Track Entertainment Opens Doors In Muscle Shoals. For Immediate Release 8 TRACK ENTERTAINMENT OPENS DOORS IN MUSCLE SHOALS ... FAME Records and Muscle Shoals Records. FAME moved to Muscle Shoals in 1961. FAME has worked in the studio with some of the ... "Muscle Shoals - Small Town, Big Sound". FEATURING. Chris Stapleton, Aloe Blacc, Alicia Keys, Lee Ann Womack, Willie Nelson, ... FAME Music was established in 1959 in Florence, Alabama and has gone on to be the heartbeat of the Muscle Shoals Sound with ...

https://famestudios.com/

Lifting weights low weight high reps does not define muscle better, that works out muscle endurance. The only way muscles get ... 2) If you are looking to tone up and build a little bit of muscle I would suggest a 3-4 day muscle building style workout.. 3) ... I would like to build muscle and slim down and wanted to know if I sould use free weight (whci I like) or machines (I like them ... low weight high reps are going to be some what of a cardio work out on top of strength training( it defines muscles better and ...

https://www.muscleandstrength.com/workouts/the-metabolic-circuit.html

Muscle & Strength, LLC. 1180 First Street South Ext. Columbia, SC 29209. PH: 1-800-537-9910. Email: click here ... Copyright 2005-2023, Muscle & Strength LLC. Images copyright of their respective owners. ... Read Xenadrine reviews from Muscle & Strength customers! ... Build muscle, lose fat & stay motivated. Join 500,000+ ...

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Learn more about the best essential oils for sore muscles here. ... Essential oils that can help with sore muscles include ... To prepare massage oil or oil for application on the skin to relieve sore muscles, a person can try the following steps:. * ... However, some people use a 5% dilution for muscle soreness. This is about 30 drops of essential oil per 1 oz of carrier oil. ... As a result, any improvement in muscle soreness that occurs from massage may not specifically be due to the use of essential ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326365?utm_source=ReadNext

... Is Arnold good for the libertarians?. Tim Cavanaugh , 10.13.2003 12:00 AM. ...

https://reason.com/2003/10/13/muscled-out/

... but it also maintains a constant temperature for as long as your sore muscles may need it to do so. Says IBS, "Commercially ...

https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/forget-icyhot-this-silver-nanowire-mesh-relieves-muscle-soreness-without-chemicals/

Swedish massage immediately after intense exercise helps muscles recover. ... Also, the muscles that were not massaged had more damaged muscle fibers and more white blood cells, which can indicate ... Massage Is Good for Athletes Muscles Research on Rabbits Supports Belief That Massage Helps Athletes Muscles Recover ... The massaged muscles weighed less than the rested muscles, suggesting the massages prevented swelling. ...

https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/news/20080822/massage-good-athletes-muscles

Mind over Muscles. When two emerging technologies meet, paralyzed people can move their limbs - just by thinking about it. ... The protruding electrodes were connected to a computer in Peckhams lab, which fired off signals to the muscles in various ... Nicolelis warns that, "Its a complex problem to coordinate the muscles to produce the kind of spatial-temporal patterns you ... Jatich saw wires threaded through his wrist with a needle in a trial-and-error hunt to provoke movement in the correct muscle ...

https://www.technologyreview.com/2000/03/01/236366/mind-over-muscles/

You have more than 600 muscles in your body! They do everything from pumping blood throughout your body to helping you lifting ... These muscles keep the eyes focused.. A Hearty Muscle. The muscle that makes up the heart is called cardiac muscle. It is also ... muscle.. Smooth Muscles. Smooth muscles - sometimes also called involuntary muscles - are usually in sheets, or layers, with ... When you make a muscle in your arm, you tense your biceps (say: BYE-seps) muscle. When you contract your biceps muscle, you can ...

https://www.kidshealth.org/NortonChildrens/en/kids/muscles.html?WT.ac=p-ra

But heres why you should bring them back: The drill activates your fast-twitch muscle fibers, which will stimulate fat loss ... The Low-Impact Exercise That Activates Your Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibers. .css-9kc5jd{font-family:GraphikCondensed,Helvetica,Arial ... The Low-Impact Exercise That Activates Your Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibers. .css-1vbz00{color:#595959;font-family:GraphikBold, ...

https://www.menshealth.com/fitness/a19523447/low-box-runners/

The harder the roller, the more pressure it will put on your muscles. If you prefer a firm roller, try the budget-friendly ... As your muscles release you might be able to lower your arms more. ... Recover from a tough gym day with these exercises to help sore muscles. ...

https://www.prevention.com/fitness/a20511960/foam-roller-exercises-to-help-sore-muscles/

... Go to external page http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011222 Copy ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_0011222

... to which normal muscle fibers are impermeable. Muscle fiber membrane damage was identified on tissue sections by using ... Diaphragm muscle fiber injury after inspiratory resistive breathing Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Mar;155(3):1110-6. doi: ... or used in respiratory muscle training programs induces muscle membrane and sarcomere injury. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9116995/?dopt=Abstract

... its tough to improve every muscle group or lift at the same time. Here are some simple rules for specialization programs. ... Tip: Specialization Cycles for Stubborn Muscles. Past the newbie stage, its tough to improve every muscle group or lift at the ... In practice, this mostly means distributing less total work to maintenance muscles and more relative work to those muscles ... For maintenance muscles/exercises: If you can still hit the same number for the entire 6 weeks (meaning, your strength levels ...

https://www.t-nation.com/training/tip-specialization-cycles-for-stubborn-muscles/

Do you already have an account ...

http://thinkmuscle.com/community/search/97978285/?searchform=1

HOPEDALE - This is the one that did not get away. Great car stories sometimes resemble fishing lore. Former owners bemoan the not-yet-classic cruiser they sold in their youth, just like anglers spi…

https://www.wickedlocal.com/story/country-gazette/2015/05/17/dusty-muscle-no-more/33771161007/

Kremchek found he basically didnt have a pectoral muscle, since it hung from the bone by a couple of strands. He also worked ... Tim Kremchek reached under Barndts skin and pulled his dangling pectoral muscle out of his chest and attached it back to his ...

https://www.bengals.com/news/barndt-muscles-back-732559

The respiratory muscle trainer Idiag P100 received the BODYMEDIA Innovation Days 2021 ... Award for the respiratory muscle trainer Idiag P100 01.02.2022 The respiratory muscle trainer Idiag P100 received the BODYMEDIA ... In the Best Product category, the jury selected the Idiag P100 respiratory muscle trainer as the winner at last years event ... The device can be used for a targeting training of the respiratory muscles, thus promoting health and enhancing sporting ...

https://www.bfh.ch/en/news/news/2022/award-for-the-respiratory-muscle-trainer-idiag-p100/

"These muscles include the heart, the muscles used during breathing, and all the limb muscles. The mice show a whole body effect ... Muscle represents about 40 percent of the human body, and there are a number of ailments that involve muscle. Gene therapy ... Gene therapy reaches muscles throughout the body and reverses muscular dystrophy in animal model The gene therapy was able to ... Without this protein, muscles weaken to the point where the victim cannot survive. "By giving one single injection of this AAV ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/860887

Knowing which muscles are used when cycling can help you achieve the maximum benefits from your rides ... However, its not immediately obvious which muscles or muscle fiber types (opens in new tab) are activated when cycling. In ... particularly those in the quadriceps and hamstrings muscle groups. With these muscles so well-used, it may be a good idea to ... Knowing which muscles are used when cycling can make an enormous difference to your ride. Anyone who has spent any time on a ...

https://www.livescience.com/which-muscles-are-used-when-cycling

4 easy steps and exercises to reduce neck strain and relax your muscles while working at your computer. ... The ERGO K860 will help reduce muscle activity by 21% in the upper trapezius muscleCompared to a traditional Logitech keyboard ... See, that was easy! However, if you regularly have tight or stiff neck muscles, maybe its time to think about your workspace ... Finally, get up and walk around to help relax the muscles in the whole spine. ...

https://www.logitech.com/en-gb/ergo/quick-tips-relax-neck.html

... and nerve supply of the longissimus capitis muscle and test your knowledge of the muscles of the back. Click and start learning ... Learning muscle anatomy is no piece of cake! Simplify your studies with these time-saving muscle anatomy reference charts. ... Spinalis Thoracis Muscle. Review the attachments, actions, and nerve supply of the spinalis thoracis muscle and test your ... Spinalis Cervicis Muscle. Review the attachments, actions, and nerve supply of the spinalis cervicis muscle and test your ...

https://www.getbodysmart.com/back-muscles/longissimus-capitis-muscle/

Shraddha Kapoor gets wet everytime it rains. And Tiger Shroff makes it a point to drool over the baarish...

https://www.deccanherald.com/content/543544/rippling-muscles-hollow-tale.html

An overhead press works muscles in your upper body and stabilizes your shoulder muscles and movements. We talked to pros for ... strength and size of the trapezius muscle. *strength in the core muscles, such as your obliques, transverse abdominal muscles, ... Your upper body and trunk house the muscles of your chest, shoulders, back, arms, and core. Collectively, these muscle groups ... uses the same muscles. as the overhead press.. *You can change the grip when using dumbbells to do the overhead press. Rather ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/overhead-press-muscles

Facial muscle: One of the 43 muscles in the human face. The facial muscles convey basic human emotions such as anger, sadness, ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/facial_muscle/definition.htm

But here's why you should bring them back: The drill activates your fast-twitch muscle fibers, which will stimulate fat loss and improve your power, explains Jack. (menshealth.com)
On the fourth day, following IRB, the dogs were placed under general anaesthesia, and the diaphragm was perfused via the internal mammary artery with a low molecular weight fluorescent tracer (Procion orange, FW = 631), to which normal muscle fibers are impermeable. (nih.gov)
Also, the muscles that were not massaged had more damaged muscle fibers and more white blood cells , which can indicate inflammation. (webmd.com)
Thousands, or even tens of thousands, of small fibers make up each muscle. (kidshealth.org)
These are your skeletal muscles - sometimes called striated (say: STRY-ay-tud) muscle because the light and dark parts of the muscle fibers make them look striped (striated is a fancy word meaning striped). (kidshealth.org)
In the presence of dystrophin, muscle fibers support each other, but when this protein is absent, contraction causes injury. (medscape.com)
And, most importantly, these muscle-like fibers are simple to make and recycle. (lifeboat.com)
In a new paper published in Nature Nanotechnology ("Nanostructured block copolymer muscles"), the researchers showed that these fibers, which they initially discovered while working on another project, are more efficient, flexible and able to handle increased strain compared to what's out there today. (lifeboat.com)
Muscles contain fibers that contract (get smaller), allowing you to perform lots of different movements. (clevelandclinic.org)
Like all other skeletal muscles in the body, neck muscles contain lots of tiny, elastic fibers that allow the muscles to contract. (clevelandclinic.org)
Skeletal muscle fibers are red and white, so the muscles look striated (striped or streaked). (clevelandclinic.org)
It's the result of overstretching or tearing the muscle fibers. (clevelandclinic.org)
This article describes a case of unilateral masseter muscle hypertrophy, where the surgical resection of the muscle fibers in an intraoral approach and a osteotomy with a reciprocating saw were performed in the mandibular angle region. (bvsalud.org)

01.02.2022 The respiratory muscle trainer Idiag P100 received the BODYMEDIA Innovation Days 2021 "Best Product" award. (bfh.ch)

Results of search for 'su:{Muscles. (who.int)

These injuries, which have been linked to hip muscle weakness, previous injuries to that area, preseason practice sessions and level of experience, may be preventable if such risk factors can be addressed before each season. (nih.gov)
This course was developed to improve Clinician understanding of Respiratory Muscle Weakness (RMW), an extremely prevalent issue that is often undertreated. (ciaoseminars.com)
She is a leader in her field and strives for great outcomes with each client impacted by Respiratory Muscle Weakness. (ciaoseminars.com)
Her area of expertise is Respiratory Muscle Weakness and Cardiopulmonary conditions. (ciaoseminars.com)
Muscle weakness is linked to impaired mobility and mortality in older persons. (cdc.gov)
Doctors were seeing a fair number of patients who complained about muscle aching, and some patients complained about muscle weakness, but the literature didn't support that there actually was this problem. (medscape.com)
It treats a group of rare genetic disorders called spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) that cause loss of nerve cells that control skeletal muscles (muscles that allow us to move) leading to weakness. (medlineplus.gov)
Muscular dystrophies are a group of inherited diseases that cause muscle wasting and weakness. (medlineplus.gov)

Recover from a tough gym day with these exercises to help sore muscles. (prevention.com)
So, if you're looking to train the same muscles required in the overhead press but want to vary your workouts, you might be wondering if there are other exercises you can do. (healthline.com)
Exercises that target the small muscles in your shoulders and upper back, such as scapular retraction and prone lateral raise , can help you decrease injuries and allow you to perform the overhead press more efficiently. (healthline.com)
Since these are also used by gymnasts, muscle rings are great for emphasizing upper body strength, but are a bit more limited in lower body exercises and not as beginner-friendly as suspension trainers are. (lifehacker.com)
Knowing that the vastus muscles are primarily involved in knee extension and stabilization, we can also understand that exercises including these actions are important for strengthening them. (nfpt.com)
Compound exercises work more than one muscle group at a time. (livestrong.com)

Muscle cramps. (mayoclinic.org)
http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/approach-to-the-neurologic-patient/muscle-cramps. (mayoclinic.org)
Also called muscle cramps , muscle spasms occur when a muscle contracts and can't relax. (clevelandclinic.org)
It also helps reduce fatigue and muscle cramps. (asianage.com)
Runners typically experience calf pain in the form of strains, which can range from mild stretching or complete tearing of a muscle, or cramps, which occur when a muscle is stuck in a state of contraction, says Chris Johnson, a physical therapist in Seattle, Wash., who works with runners and triathletes. (womensrunning.com)
If you are suffering from day-to-day pain such as muscle aches, dental pain, menstrual cramps, and more, here's how THC could offer some relief. (dmca.com)

The mesh outstrips its traditional competitors in more ways than one - not only is it supremely malleable, but it also maintains a constant temperature for as long as your sore muscles may need it to do so. (digitaltrends.com)
What are the best essential oils for sore muscles? (medicalnewstoday.com)

Some of the biggest and most powerful muscles are your calf and thigh muscles. (kidshealth.org)
ANOVA results indicated that EMG data for nine of 10 thigh muscles were affected by an interaction between posture and angular position of the load lifted (p50.001). (cdc.gov)
Left thigh muscles showed the opposite pattern. (cdc.gov)
EMG activity for the majority of thigh muscles was affected by the size of the base of support provided by different postures, with lower EMG activity observed with a larger base of support and increased activity in postures where base of support was reduced (p50.05). (cdc.gov)
These thigh muscles support us not only in sports, but are essential for daily activities like climbing the stairs and getting up from a chair. (nfpt.com)

Ten apprentice jockeys and 48 horses were instrumented with heart-rate monitors, accelerometers, and a surface electromyography BodySuit (recording 8 muscle groups: quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteal, lower back, obliques, abdominal, trapezial, and pectoral) that recorded continuously while riding their normal morning track-work. (humankinetics.com)
Surface electromyography data from three neck muscles were collected. (cdc.gov)
Electromyography signal analysis of knee flexor and extensor muscles in potential knee musculoskeletal disorders during roofing. (cdc.gov)
Using surface electromyography (EMG), the authors collected maximum normalized EMG signals from the above-mentioned muscles of seven subjects who mimicked a shingle installation task with kneeling on a slope-configurable wooden platform. (cdc.gov)

These muscles help to make up the musculoskeletal (say: mus-kyuh-low-SKEL-uh-tul) system - the combination of your muscles and your skeleton, or bones. (kidshealth.org)
Your neck muscles are part of a complex musculoskeletal system (soft tissues and bones) that connect the base of your skull to your torso. (clevelandclinic.org)
This study assessed the effects of kneeling posture and roof slope on the peak activations of knee flexor (biceps femoris and semitendinosus) and extensor (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis) muscles that are potential risk indicators of knee musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in shingle installation. (cdc.gov)

BOSTON - Becker (BMD) and Duchenne muscle dystrophy (DMD) progress largely from irreversible contraction-induced injury of skeletal muscles, making the very positive interim results of an early-phase trial with a drug that prevents these injuries worth attention. (medscape.com)
It's not only required for strong bones and teeth, but it is also vital for muscle contraction and energy metabolism. (asianage.com)
Magnesium plays a vital part in muscle contraction and helps to boost energy levels. (asianage.com)
It had various ill-defined names in the past including tension headache, stress headache, muscle contraction headache, psychomyogenic headache, ordinary headache, and psychogenic headache. (medscape.com)
The more likely cause of these headaches is believed now to be abnormal neuronal sensitivity and pain facilitation, not abnormal muscle contraction. (medscape.com)
Headache is not related directly to muscle contraction, and possible hypersensitivity of neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis has been suggested. (medscape.com)
Although vasomotor responses to hypoxia are modulated by endothelial factors and autonomic innervation , it is well established that arterial smooth muscle cells contain an acute O2 sensing system capable of detecting changes in O2 tension and to signal membrane ion channels , which in turn regulate cytosolic Ca2+ levels and myocyte contraction. (bvsalud.org)

Vastus intermedius is the deepest of the four quadriceps muscles, located in the middle of the thigh, beneath rectus femoris and in between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis . (nfpt.com)
In recent years, a slanted muscle was discovered between vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius . (nfpt.com)

that control muscles that move the eyes and eyelids are particularly affected, although other nerves can also be involved. (medlineplus.gov)
Abnormal growth of cranial nerves impairs extraocular muscle function and leads to the characteristic features of CFEOM, including restricted eye movement and droopy eyelids. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations likely eliminate the function of the PHOX2A protein, which prevents the normal development of these cranial nerves and impairs control of the extraocular muscles. (medlineplus.gov)
Pushing his shoulder forward, the joystick signals a computer carried on his wheelchair, which then sends a series of timed electrical pulses to eight platinum electrodes implanted next to nerves feeding the muscles that close his hand. (technologyreview.com)
Signals come from the brain, down through the spinal cord, out through the peripheral nerves and into the muscles," said Dr. Paul F. Pasquina, a physician and chairman of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and director of the university's Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research. (scienceblog.com)
Different combinations of muscles enervated by cranial nerves III-VII and X were involved. (cdc.gov)
SMN1 helps the body make an important protein that keeps the nerves that control muscle movement healthy. (medlineplus.gov)
It helps muscles and nerves work properly by changing the SMN2 gene product to make more of the SMN protein than it usually would. (medlineplus.gov)

James Sides, the system lets a patient with sensors, or electrodes, implanted into forearm muscles intuitively control the movements of a prosthetic hand. (scienceblog.com)

Human muscle fatigue : physiological mechanisms. (who.int)
Impact of physical and psychosocial demand on neck and shoulder muscle fatigue. (cdc.gov)
Hospitals should advise potentially exposed patients to seek medical care if they are experiencing symptoms such as night sweats, muscle aches, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or unexplained fever. (cdc.gov)

The wrist and hand muscles include the flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis, extensor carpi ulnaris and the extensor carpi radialis muscles. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Flexor - this means the muscle 'flexes' the wrist or thumb. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
The word pollicis refers to the thumb and so the flexor pollicis longus is the long muscle which flexes the thumb! (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
It is one of the wrist and hand flexor muscles. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Related muscles - Flexor carpi ulnaris. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Flexor carpi ulnaris is one of the wrist flexor muscles of the front (palmar) aspect of the forearm. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Flexor Carpi Radialis is a wrist muscle which also crosses the elbow joint and so is also a weak elbow flexor. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Except for the vastus medialis muscle of the right knee, significant increase in the peak normalized EMG was observed for all flexor and extensor muscles during shingle installation on the sloped roof surface. (cdc.gov)
Significant interaction between the slope and posture was observed for the flexor muscles of the right knee and vastus medialis muscle of the left knee. (cdc.gov)
Flexor carpi radialis is the first muscle medial to your finger at the level of the apex of the antecubital fossa (where brachioradialis and the muscle converge) and is superficial at that point. (medscape.com)

The European Journal of Applied Physiology study, which assessed muscle use at different points in the pedal stroke, concluded that "During pedaling, an optimization of quadriceps and hamstring muscle recruitment is desirable for producing power at the pedal. (livescience.com)
To assess quadriceps and hamstring muscle demands in these postures, nine participants performed lateral load transfers in kneeling and squatting postures, during which electromyographic (EMG) data were collected. (cdc.gov)

Arthritis can cause warmth, tenderness, and swelling in the joints and muscles. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Physical demands, such as lifting and working in awkward postures, place additional stress on your muscles and joints. (cdc.gov)
The quadriceps femoris muscles (quads) are the most voluminous muscles in the body- the quad muscles together contain more mass than any other muscle group- the general population knows where their quads are: on the front of the thigh between the hip and knee joints. (nfpt.com)
However, when we look at the individual muscles that make up the quads, we see that rectus femoris is the only muscle of the four which crosses both the hip and knee joints, and thus, the only one to be primarily involved in hip flexion. (nfpt.com)
May help to ease aching joints & muscles. (health4youonline.com)

The tendons are attached so well that when you contract one of your muscles, the tendon and bone move along with it. (kidshealth.org)
A neck strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon. (clevelandclinic.org)
Music CD - Muscle-Tendon Change Class. (martialartsmart.com)
Muscle-Tendon Change Classic is the self-cultivation practice attributed to the founder of Kung Fu and Zen, Bodhidharma. (martialartsmart.com)
CHQA promotes four classic qigong forms: Muscle-Tendon Change Classic(yijinjing), Eight-Section Brocade (baduanjin), Five Animal Frolics (wuqinxi) and Six Healing Sounds (liuzijue). (martialartsmart.com)

Join over 500k subscribers who get a free weekly email with the latest workouts, expert advice, videos and deals from Muscle & Strength. (muscleandstrength.com)
Julie was also a featured body transformation on Muscle & Strength. (muscleandstrength.com)
The massaged muscles recovered significantly more function and strength after the four-day trial. (webmd.com)
Together, the skeletal muscles work with your bones to give your body power and strength. (kidshealth.org)
If you can still hit the same number for the entire 6 weeks (meaning, your strength levels haven't receded), you probably haven't lost any muscle. (t-nation.com)
Clinicians feel an active training programme, along with completely restoring the strength of the adductor muscle group, is the key to successful rehabilitation. (nih.gov)
The Breaking Muscle newsletter is everything you need to know about strength in a 3 minute read. (breakingmuscle.com)
Age-related muscle wasting (sarcopenia) is accompanied by a loss of strength which can compromise the functional abilities of the elderly. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Age related sarcopenia, particularly of type II muscle fibres, is accompanied by a decline in strength which has consequences for physical mobility/function and is associated with a greater incidence of falls in the elderly. (medscape.com)
HGH : Anabolic Alternative Muscle & Strength. (emailmeform.com)
The legal bodybuilding steroids are made from 100% natural ingredients, which are clinically proven to enhance the testosterone levels, muscle build and enhance strength, and that is where the positive effect of using Miracle Gainz comes from, without any worry of negative side effect. (emailmeform.com)
Muscle strength was assessed by measuring the isokinetic strength of the knee extensors (quadriceps). (cdc.gov)
Examinees who had a history of myocardial infarction within the past six weeks, chest or abdominal surgery within the past three weeks, knee surgery or knee replacement surgery, severe back pain, a history of brain aneurysm or stroke were excluded from the muscle strength exam. (cdc.gov)
Six muscle strength measurements are obtained: three warm-up/ learning measurements and three test measurements for the muscle strength component record. (cdc.gov)
Although six muscle strength trials are preformed only the highest peak forced is reported in the data file. (cdc.gov)
The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project recently developed sex-specific criteria to diagnose different degrees of muscle strength (i.e., weak, intermediate, and normal) in older adults based on maximum hand grip strength. (cdc.gov)
Building lean muscle increases a woman's functional strength, metabolism, and insulin sensitivity -and it'll help her resist fat gain in the future. (cravencountryjamboree.com)
However, the atorvastatin patients and control patients showed no differences in muscle strength, endurance, aerobic performance, or physical-activity levels. (medscape.com)

What conditions and disorders affect neck muscles? (clevelandclinic.org)

In this article, we list some of the best essential oils for people to use to relieve muscle pain and soreness. (medicalnewstoday.com)
As a result, any improvement in muscle soreness that occurs from massage may not specifically be due to the use of essential oils. (medicalnewstoday.com)
It may help control menstrual-related muscle cramping and soreness, according to a review article that appears in the Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine . (medicalnewstoday.com)
The researchers found that self-massage alongside rose oil aromatherapy was better at reducing muscle soreness and menstrual pain than self-massage alone. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Chamomile oil may be effective for relieving menstrual pain, as well as soothing muscle soreness and spasms, according to a review article in the journal Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine . (medicalnewstoday.com)
We've discussed in previous posts a few external recovery strategies that people are using, including massage guns to reduce delayed onset muscle soreness ( DOMS ) and foam rollers to enhance joint range of motion . (active.com)

Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles, which means you can control what they do. (kidshealth.org)
Researchers have found a delivery method for gene therapy that reaches all the voluntary muscles of a mouse - including heart, diaphragm and limbs - and reverses the process of muscle-wasting found in muscular dystrophy. (eurekalert.org)
They're voluntary muscles, so you control how they move and work. (clevelandclinic.org)

Many essential oils, including Roman chamomile and eucalyptus, seem to offer benefits for relieving muscle aches and pains. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Although most muscle aches and pains go away on their own within a short time, sometimes muscle pain can linger for months. (mayoclinic.org)

The ERGO K860 will help reduce muscle activity by 21% in the upper trapezius muscle Compared to a traditional Logitech keyboard without palm rest -a key muscle in the center of the back that stabilizes and facilitates shoulder and neck movement. (logitech.com)
The trapezius is a large muscle that starts at the base of the neck and goes down into the middle of the back and out over the collarbones. (livestrong.com)

Researchers have studied the benefits of essential oils in treating many health issues, ranging from joint swelling to muscle pain and headaches . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Aug. 22, 2008 -- Researchers are confirming what serious athletes have long believed: Swedish massage immediately after intense exercise helps muscles recover. (webmd.com)
Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin and Penn State University have created a new type of fiber that can perform like a muscle actuator, in many ways better than other options that exist today. (lifeboat.com)
Surprisingly, the entire scientific community remained in the dark until approximately 2003 (1) when a team of Copenhagen-based researchers reported a remarkable discovery: Muscles at work secrete tiny chemical messengers called myokines that exert powerful effects on organ function, including brain function (2). (psychologytoday.com)
He said that some researchers have suggested other statins such as rosuvastatin (Crestor, AstraZeneca) are less risky because they are primarily water soluble as opposed to fat soluble and therefore less likely to get into the muscles. (medscape.com)
NIH-supported researchers have been studying ways to deliver dystrophin genes to affected muscles with fewer side effects. (medlineplus.gov)

The crisp, awakening scent of peppermint could help reduce muscle spasms and arthritis pain when a person applies it to the skin or inhales it. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Have muscle jerks or spasms. (cdc.gov)

Learning muscle anatomy is no piece of cake! (getbodysmart.com)
Simplify your studies with these time-saving muscle anatomy reference charts . (getbodysmart.com)
Muscle System Pro III is a great option for users who wish to have a completely customizable human anatomy app. (apple.com)
anatomy) A muscle acting in a direction oblique to the mesial plane of the body, or to the associated muscles, applied especially to two muscles of the eyeball. (onelook.com)

There are three types of neck muscles: anterior (front), posterior (back) and lateral (side) muscles. (clevelandclinic.org)
The gastrocnemius is the two-part calf muscle that has a lateral and medial head. (livestrong.com)
Brachioradialis is the first muscle lateral to your pronation-supination. (medscape.com)

The device can be used for a targeting training of the respiratory muscles, thus promoting health and enhancing sporting performance. (bfh.ch)
They were bathed in sweat and using all their accessory respiratory muscles. (cdc.gov)

Did you know you have more than 600 muscles in your body? (kidshealth.org)
Your brain and body tell these muscles what to do without you even thinking about it. (kidshealth.org)
But smooth muscles are at work all over your body. (kidshealth.org)
The thick muscles of the heart contract to pump blood out and then relax to let blood back in after it has circulated through the body. (kidshealth.org)
You may not think of it as a muscular body part, but your face has plenty of muscles. (kidshealth.org)
Facial muscles don't all attach directly to bone like they do in the rest of the body. (kidshealth.org)
We have a clear 'proof of principle' that it is possible to deliver new genes body-wide to all the striated muscles of an adult animal. (eurekalert.org)
Muscle represents about 40 percent of the human body, and there are a number of ailments that involve muscle. (eurekalert.org)
The quadriceps are some of the largest muscles in the body and are located in the upper leg, on the front and side of the thigh. (livescience.com)
Whether you're working on a weightlifting program or just want to get back mobility, it's important to keep the muscles in your upper body conditioned. (healthline.com)
Now let's look at some of the best muscle recovery supplements to help the internal mechanisms of your body recover more quickly and effectively. (active.com)
Muscle pain can involve a small area or your whole body, ranging from mild to excruciating. (mayoclinic.org)
Muscle pain can develop almost anywhere in your body, including your neck, back, legs and even your hands. (mayoclinic.org)
Mimicking the human body, specifically the actuators that control muscle movement, is of immense interest around the globe. (lifeboat.com)
Other types of muscles in the body - cardiac (in the heart) and smooth (in hollow organs like your stomach) - are involuntary, which means they work without you having to think about it. (clevelandclinic.org)
The main objective of people is to lose that extra fat, and pound on some muscle mass, but most efforts to get that envious body figure ends on the losing side. (emailmeform.com)
We went through an intensive market research to bring the best muscle supplements stack, which will compliment your need for a healthy, active and muscular body with enhanced stamina and sexual life. (emailmeform.com)
It is highly recommended for perfect lean muscle build, increased activeness and endurance, with a toned body result, which makes you envious of your competitors. (emailmeform.com)
Miracle Gainz includes a range of products, suitable for varied body strengthening and muscle build requirement for consumers, so that they get the best suitable product and get desired results. (emailmeform.com)
Complete body enhancement: Bulk cutting, muscle mass build, you get all you desire from a perfect, safe and legal steroid. (emailmeform.com)
Because dumbbells are free to move, every major muscle in the the body can be targeted. (livestrong.com)
A dumbbell shrug exercise works this major upper body muscle. (livestrong.com)
It is a vital mineral needed by muscles, soft tissues and body fluids. (asianage.com)
Lower-body muscles absorbed horse motion, with core and upper-body muscles important for postural stabilization. (humankinetics.com)
All in all, gaining weight in the form of muscle can be a far better way to go about achieving the body you desire then simply trying to lose weight. (cravencountryjamboree.com)
Further, it is analyzed the subject's relation to castration, the Oedipus complex, the sexuation, and the contemporary body ideals, as well as demonstrates that muscle dysmorphia is a symptom of the subject that emerges as a response to the malaise in contemporary culture. (bvsalud.org)
Muscles in the body become stiff. (cdc.gov)
Muscles in the body relax. (cdc.gov)
Because muscles make up a large portion of our body mass, the dose of viral gene-based therapy needs to be very high to be effective, which can cause unwanted side effects. (medlineplus.gov)

10 layers of superficial and deep muscle. (apple.com)
The problem with surface electrodes," Pasquina said, "is that you're limited to … superficial muscles, and not the deeper muscles that control hand motion. (scienceblog.com)

Only 12 patients were enrolled and there were no controls, but objective evidence of a favorable effect was generated by highly significant reductions in creatine kinase (CK) and fast skeletal muscle (TNNI2) troponin, which are both biomarkers commonly used to track muscular dystrophy progression. (medscape.com)
The increase in creatine kinase, a biomarker of muscle damage, suggests that statins produce mild muscle injury in even asymptomatic patients. (medscape.com)

Skeletal muscles are held to the bones with the help of tendons (say: TEN-dunz). (kidshealth.org)
The muscles in your neck are skeletal muscles, meaning they're attached to bones by tendons. (clevelandclinic.org)
Using your muscles against resistance, for example, is far more effective for strengthening your bones than any calcium supplement (4). (psychologytoday.com)

Ask after the two-hour surgery in January stretched to three and then to five as they rebuilt his left shoulder during a grueling procedure in which Dr. Tim Kremchek reached under Barndt's skin and pulled his dangling pectoral muscle out of his chest and attached it back to his shoulder. (bengals.com)
From the front, these muscles begin at your jaw and extend to your collarbone at the top of your chest. (clevelandclinic.org)
Thin sheet of muscle that covers part of your shoulder and upper chest, extending up the jaw. (clevelandclinic.org)
The pecs are the large chest muscles, and they have a fan shape. (livestrong.com)

I call this my "Muscle Girl Cardio" workout. (muscleandstrength.com)
This post-workout by Jacked Factory checks all the boxes when it comes to affordable muscle recovery supplements. (active.com)
The purpose of your workout is to burn fat and build strong muscles. (asianage.com)

Muscles in your neck and the top part of your back aren't as large, but they are capable of some pretty amazing things: Try rotating your head around, back and forth, and up and down to feel the power of the muscles in your neck. (kidshealth.org)
The longissimus capitis muscle is a long flat muscle on the side of the neck. (getbodysmart.com)
Tight neck muscles won't stand a chance! (logitech.com)
However, if you regularly have tight or stiff neck muscles, maybe it's time to think about your workspace ergonomics. (logitech.com)
You have more than 20 neck muscles, extending from the base of your skull and jaw down to your shoulder blades and collarbone. (clevelandclinic.org)
These muscles support and stabilize your head, neck and the upper part of your spine. (clevelandclinic.org)
What are neck muscles? (clevelandclinic.org)
Your neck muscles help you do everything from chewing and swallowing to nodding your head. (clevelandclinic.org)
You have more than 20 neck muscles. (clevelandclinic.org)
What is the purpose of the neck muscles? (clevelandclinic.org)
Where are the neck muscles located? (clevelandclinic.org)
Your neck muscles are at the front, back and sides of your neck. (clevelandclinic.org)
How are the neck muscles structured? (clevelandclinic.org)
One of the largest muscles in the neck, helping you move your head, extend your neck and control your temporomandibular joint (in the jaw). (clevelandclinic.org)
Four muscles that move your hyoid bone (a bone at the top of your neck, just below your jawline) when you swallow and speak. (clevelandclinic.org)
Strap-like muscles in the back of your neck that help you extend and rotate your head. (clevelandclinic.org)
What are the neck muscles made of? (clevelandclinic.org)
How common are neck muscle conditions? (clevelandclinic.org)
You also end up working a minor muscle on the side of the neck called the levator scapulae. (livestrong.com)
indicating that neck and shoulder muscles were more fatigued during combined physical and psychosocially stressful exertions than during physical exertions alone. (cdc.gov)

Kremchek found he basically didn't have a pectoral muscle, since it hung from the bone by a couple of strands. (bengals.com)
This exercise stresses your pectoral muscles and deltoids. (iloveindia.com)

The genetic disorder eliminates production of the dystrophin protein, which is necessary for the structural support of muscle. (eurekalert.org)
Without this protein, muscles weaken to the point where the victim cannot survive. (eurekalert.org)
It has been suggested that age-related sarcopenia is due to: i) elevated basal-fasted rates of muscle protein breakdown, ii) a reduction in basal muscle protein synthesis (MPS), or iii) a combination of the two factors. (medscape.com)
However, basal rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown are unchanged with advancing healthy age. (medscape.com)
Ageing muscle is less sensitive to lower doses of amino acids than the young and may require higher quantities of protein to acutely stimulate equivalent muscle protein synthesis above rest and accrue muscle proteins. (medscape.com)
With regards to physical activity, lower, than previously realized, intensity high-volume resistance exercise can stimulate a robust muscle protein synthetic response similar to traditional high-intensity low volume training, which may be beneficial for older adults. (medscape.com)
Resistance exercise combined with amino acid ingestion elicits the greatest anabolic response and may assist elderly in producing a 'youthful' muscle protein synthetic response provided sufficient protein is ingested following exercise. (medscape.com)
Although the etiology of sarcopenia is multifaceted, [ 8 ] in the context of this review we will focus, primarily, on the contribution of alterations in muscle protein turnover (muscle protein synthesis and breakdown) to muscle wasting in the elderly. (medscape.com)
Our understanding of the contribution of muscle protein turnover to sarcopenia has shifted from a thesis in which basal muscle protein metabolism was thought to be compromised in the elderly, to a new paradigm whereby the synthetic responsiveness of muscle protein synthesis to anabolic stimuli, such as food and contractile loading, is blunted with aging. (medscape.com)
As such, we're searching for various protein-rich, quality food varieties that form muscle and not just a super-sized burger with fries, correct? (detki.biz)
In this case, it's a protein called "dystrophin" that keeps muscle membranes stable and strong. (medlineplus.gov)

Tendons are cords made of tough tissue, and they work as special connector pieces between bone and muscle. (kidshealth.org)
Whiplash usually involves muscles, ligaments and tendons. (clevelandclinic.org)

Nature's choice is to provide chemical power for natural actuators like muscles. (newscientist.com)

Growth Surge contains ingredients proven to enhance recovery and muscle growth, including creatine monohydrate for greater anabolic endurance , betaine anhydrous to promote cellular hydration , and L-carnitine. (active.com)
Instead, it appears that the muscles of the elderly are resistant to normally robust anabolic stimuli such as amino acids and resistance exercise. (medscape.com)
To take anabolic steroids for muscle building has gotten to be just about a form. (paco-magic.com)
That is the reason sports people and weight lifters love to take anabolic steroids to build muscle and improve physical quality. (paco-magic.com)
Utilization of anabolic steroids by muscle heads and sportsmen to improve their execution is unlegal. (paco-magic.com)

At least one study, in the Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (opens in new tab) , has found that being attached to the pedals changes the way the rectus femoris is activated: A study in the journal found that that muscle was activated 20° earlier in the pedal stroke when riders used toe clips. (livescience.com)
As the name suggests ( quad is the Latin word for four ), we have four quadriceps muscles- rectus femoris and three vastus muscles. (nfpt.com)

All of these muscles get worked with dumbbell lunges. (livestrong.com)

In any case, what is fundamentally significant for thin folks and young ladies is to spread your calories out over the course of the day to guarantee a steady stock of energy to your muscles and a predictable metabolic rate, and eating a great deal of food sources that form muscle will assist you with doing that. (detki.biz)

Acute oxygen sensing by vascular smooth muscle cells. (bvsalud.org)

These muscles include the heart, the muscles used during breathing, and all the limb muscles. (eurekalert.org)

Build muscle, lose fat & stay motivated. (muscleandstrength.com)
Can females build muscle without steroids? (cravencountryjamboree.com)
Can I build muscle and get bigger without steroids? (cravencountryjamboree.com)
Do females build muscle mass as quickly as males? (cravencountryjamboree.com)
males build muscle faster than females do. (cravencountryjamboree.com)
Since women naturally have less testosterone, they build muscle at a slower pace. (cravencountryjamboree.com)
Female bodybuilding is a popular way for women to build muscle and confidence. (cravencountryjamboree.com)

The findings hint that it may be possible someday to introduce other genes into adult muscle to address conditions besides muscular dystrophy. (eurekalert.org)
Some muscular dystrophies are caused by mutations in genes that make important muscle proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
One promising approach uses an injection of small, harmless viruses to deliver therapeutic dystrophin-producing genes directly into cells in the muscle. (medlineplus.gov)

Our new work identifies for the first time a method where a new dystrophin gene can be delivered, using a safe and simple method, to all of the affected muscles of a mouse with muscular dystrophy," said Dr. Jeffrey S. Chamberlain, professor of neurology and director of the Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center at the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle. (eurekalert.org)
Chamberlain and colleagues in the Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center are gathering data to seek regulatory approval for a limited trial in humans to determine the safety of a very small amount of the vector in human muscle. (eurekalert.org)
This agent was shown to prevent the muscle injury caused by lack of dystrophin in animal models of muscular dystrophy and is now showing the same effect in humans. (medscape.com)
In the past, various mechanisms including vascular, muscular (ie, constant overcontraction of scalp muscles), and psychogenic factors were suggested. (medscape.com)

By giving one single injection of this AAV vector carrying a mini-dystrophin gene into the bloodstream, we are able to deliver therapeutic levels of dystrophin to every skeletal and cardiac muscle of an adult, dystrophic mouse," Chamberlain said. (eurekalert.org)
She explained that dystrophin in muscles connects contractile proteins to membranes and surrounding matrix. (medscape.com)
There's no cure for DMD, but there are treatments that can help with the symptoms, including gene-based therapies that help the muscles make more dystrophin. (medlineplus.gov)

The protruding electrodes were connected to a computer in Peckham's lab, which fired off signals to the muscles in various configurations. (technologyreview.com)
All it is is a MIDI device playing the instruments and using electrical pulses through the electrodes to tense the muscles. (makezine.com)

In his work with Peckham, Jatich saw wires threaded through his wrist with a needle in a trial-and-error hunt to provoke movement in the correct muscle groups. (technologyreview.com)
You'll find smooth muscles at work behind the scenes in your eyes, too. (kidshealth.org)
In practice, this mostly means distributing less total work to maintenance muscles and more relative work to those muscles you're aggressively trying to improve. (t-nation.com)
Pushups work some of the same muscles as the overhead press, including the pectorals, triceps, and shoulders. (healthline.com)
This paper examines the EMG responses of knee extensors/flexors to lifting in these postures, discusses the impact of posture and kneepads on muscle recruitment and explores the implications for work in such postures. (cdc.gov)
If you have something like the TRX already, there's not a whole lot of reason to also get muscle rings, unless you want to work on gymnastic-specific movements. (lifehacker.com)
But if you know what a few of these words mean, you can work out more about the muscle. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
What Muscles Does Lifting Dumbbells Work? (livestrong.com)
Not only are they inexpensive compared to machines, but they also cause you to work stabilizing muscles while focusing on a primary muscle, which helps speed up your progress. (livestrong.com)
You work these muscles by doing a motion called elbow flexion. (livestrong.com)
Bent-over rows work this large muscle group. (livestrong.com)
What Muscles Does RollerBlading Work? (livestrong.com)
What Muscle Group Do Cable Rows Work? (livestrong.com)
The objectives of this study were to quantify the physiological demands and profile the muscle activity of jockeys riding track-work. (humankinetics.com)

Artists of today reviving some of the classic recordings that defined the Muscle Shoals sound. (famestudios.com)
FAME Music was established in 1959 in Florence, Alabama and has gone on to be the heartbeat of the Muscle Shoals Sound with entities including FAME Publishing, FAME Recording Studios, FAME Records and Muscle Shoals Records. (famestudios.com)
FAME moved to Muscle Shoals in 1961. (famestudios.com)

Masseter muscle hypertrophy is a unilateral or bilateral enlargement of the masseter muscle, of undefined etiology, which in most cases generates an aesthetic discomfort, and in some cases a functional one as well. (bvsalud.org)

FEITOSA FILHO, Odimar A. . A psychoanalytic look about muscle dysmorphia . (bvsalud.org)

If intense calf pain strikes suddenly on a run-particularly when you've been doing ballistic movements such as strides or sprints-you've likely strained a calf muscle, Johnson says. (womensrunning.com)

The muscle that makes up the heart is called cardiac muscle. (kidshealth.org)

This allows you to contract your facial muscles just a tiny bit and make dozens of different kinds of faces. (kidshealth.org)
The facial muscles convey basic human emotions such as anger, sadness, fear, surprise, disgust, contempt and happiness by very clear facial signals. (medicinenet.com)

and a knee-extensor endurance exercise) after six months or after they reported muscle symptoms of statin-induced myalgia. (medscape.com)

Anatomy74

Organisms17

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs53

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Infleuce of dietary levels of vitamin E and selenium on tissue and blood parameters in pigs. (1/17862)

Pathological changes in chickens, ducks and turkeys fed high levels of rapeseed oil. (2/17862)

In vitro effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) on bovine cells. (3/17862)

Synthesis and kinetic evaluation of 4-deoxymaltopentaose and 4-deoxymaltohexaose as inhibitors of muscle and potato alpha-glucan phosphorylases. (4/17862)

Metallothionein-null mice absorb less Zn from an egg-white diet, but a similar amount from solutions, although with altered intertissue Zn distribution. (5/17862)

The effect of denervation and dystrophy on the adaptation of sarcomere number to the functional length of the muscle in young and adult mice. (6/17862)

Gamma-Actinin, a new regulatory protein from rabbit skeletal muscle. I. Purification and characterization. (7/17862)

Connectin, an elastic protein from myofibrils. (8/17862)

Muscles

Muscle Proteins

Muscle, Smooth

Muscle, Skeletal

Muscle Fibers, Skeletal

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

Muscle Development

Muscle Contraction

Muscle Fatigue

Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch

Muscle Denervation

Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch

Myocytes, Smooth Muscle

Mitochondria, Muscle

Neck Muscles

Oculomotor Muscles

Muscle, Striated

Muscle Spindles

Muscle Relaxation

Respiratory Muscles

Muscle Weakness

Papillary Muscles

Abdominal Muscles

Quadriceps Muscle

Muscle Cells

Masseter Muscle

Facial Muscles

Masticatory Muscles

Intercostal Muscles

Electromyography

Muscular Atrophy

Isometric Contraction

Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle

Pectoralis Muscles

Muscular Diseases

Psoas Muscles

Myofibrils

Temporal Muscle

Hindlimb

Rabbits

Electric Stimulation

Cells, Cultured

Myosin Heavy Chains

Calcium

Pharyngeal Muscles

Time Factors

Diaphragm

Biomechanical Phenomena

Motor Neurons

Glycogen

Neuromuscular Junction

Muscular Dystrophy, Animal

Myoblasts

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

RNA, Messenger

Muscle Cramp

Actins

Rats, Wistar

Regeneration

Mice, Inbred mdx

Sarcomeres

Myostatin

MyoD Protein

Leg

Physical Exertion

Muscle Stretching Exercises

Myocardium

Muscle Rigidity

Exercise

Hypertrophy

Dystrophin

Physical Endurance

Myoblasts, Skeletal

Aorta

Signal Transduction

Tendons

Insulin

Gene Expression Regulation

Hindlimb Suspension

Kinetics