Muscle smooth vascular. Medical search

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.

Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage.

A state arrived at through prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle. Studies in athletes during prolonged submaximal exercise have shown that muscle fatigue increases in almost direct proportion to the rate of muscle glycogen depletion. Muscle fatigue in short-term maximal exercise is associated with oxygen lack and an increased level of blood and muscle lactic acid, and an accompanying increase in hydrogen-ion concentration in the exercised muscle.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified.

The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type I MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have low ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment.

Mitochondria of skeletal and smooth muscle. It does not include myocardial mitochondria for which MITOCHONDRIA, HEART is available.

The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.

The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus).

One of two types of muscle in the body, characterized by the array of bands observed under microscope. Striated muscles can be divided into two subtypes: the CARDIAC MUSCLE and the SKELETAL MUSCLE.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Skeletal muscle structures that function as the MECHANORECEPTORS responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (REFLEX, STRETCH). They are composed of a bundle of encapsulated SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, i.e., the intrafusal fibers (nuclear bag 1 fibers, nuclear bag 2 fibers, and nuclear chain fibers) innervated by SENSORY NEURONS.

That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.

These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.

Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.

A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)

Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (MUSCLE FIBERS, SKELETAL), cardiac (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC), and smooth (MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called MYOBLASTS.

Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. (from Stedman, 25th ed)

The quadriceps femoris. A collective name of the four-headed skeletal muscle of the thigh, comprised of the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws.

Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib, and contract during inspiration or respiration. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.

The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.

Eye movements that are slow, continuous, and conjugate and occur when a fixed object is moved slowly.

Elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblasts lying in close contact with adult skeletal muscle. They are thought to play a role in muscle repair and regeneration.

Myosin type II isoforms found in smooth muscle.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles that make up the upper and fore part of the chest in front of the AXILLA.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .

A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology.

Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws; its posterior portion retracts the mandible.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The muscles of the PHARYNX are voluntary muscles arranged in two layers. The external circular layer consists of three constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior). The internal longitudinal layer consists of the palatopharyngeus, the salpingopharyngeus, and the stylopharyngeus. During swallowing, the outer layer constricts the pharyngeal wall and the inner layer elevates pharynx and LARYNX.

The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.

General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Mitogenic peptide growth hormone carried in the alpha-granules of platelets. It is released when platelets adhere to traumatized tissues. Connective tissue cells near the traumatized region respond by initiating the process of replication.

An intermediate filament protein found predominantly in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. Localized at the Z line. MW 50,000 to 55,000 is species dependent.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Embryonic (precursor) cells of the myogenic lineage that develop from the MESODERM. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL; MYOCYTES, CARDIAC; MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.

A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A type of endoplasmic reticulum lacking associated ribosomes on the membrane surface. It exhibits a wide range of specialized metabolic functions including supplying enzymes for steroid synthesis, detoxification, and glycogen breakdown. In muscle cells, smooth endoplasmic reticulum is called SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

A musculomembranous sac along the URINARY TRACT. URINE flows from the KIDNEYS into the bladder via the ureters (URETER), and is held there until URINATION.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

A protein found in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. It inhibits contraction of the muscle unless its position is modified by TROPONIN.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and CALMODULIN. The 20-kDa light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.

A strain of mice arising from a spontaneous MUTATION (mdx) in inbred C57BL mice. This mutation is X chromosome-linked and produces viable homozygous animals that lack the muscle protein DYSTROPHIN, have high serum levels of muscle ENZYMES, and possess histological lesions similar to human MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. The histological features, linkage, and map position of mdx make these mice a worthy animal model of DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY.

The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that assist with muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions.

A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Though it is not clear how its function differs from the other myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD appears to be related to fusion and terminal differentiation of the muscle cell.

The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.

The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.

A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.

The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.

A growth differentiation factor that is a potent inhibitor of SKELETAL MUSCLE growth. It may play a role in the regulation of MYOGENESIS and in muscle maintenance during adulthood.

Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the sis gene (GENES, SIS). c-sis proteins make up the B chain of PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR. Overexpression of c-sis causes tumorigenesis.

Exercises that stretch the muscle fibers with the aim to increase muscle-tendon FLEXIBILITY, improve RANGE OF MOTION or musculoskeletal function, and prevent injuries. There are various types of stretching techniques including active, passive (relaxed), static, dynamic (gentle), ballistic (forced), isometric, and others.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.

The innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells and supported by an internal elastic lamina.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

A muscle protein localized in surface membranes which is the product of the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy gene. Individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually lack dystrophin completely while those with Becker muscular dystrophy have dystrophin of an altered size. It shares features with other cytoskeletal proteins such as SPECTRIN and alpha-actinin but the precise function of dystrophin is not clear. One possible role might be to preserve the integrity and alignment of the plasma membrane to the myofibrils during muscle contraction and relaxation. MW 400 kDa.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A heterogeneous group of drugs used to produce muscle relaxation, excepting the neuromuscular blocking agents. They have their primary clinical and therapeutic uses in the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. They have been used also for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p358)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.

Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.

The excitable plasma membrane of a muscle cell. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

The veins and arteries of the HEART.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.

Proteins which bind calmodulin. They are found in many tissues and have a variety of functions including F-actin cross-linking properties, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and calcium and magnesium ATPases.

Tumors or cancer located in muscle tissue or specific muscles. They are differentiated from NEOPLASMS, MUSCLE TISSUE which are neoplasms composed of skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscle tissue, such as MYOSARCOMA or LEIOMYOMA.

Damages to the CAROTID ARTERIES caused either by blunt force or penetrating trauma, such as CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; THORACIC INJURIES; and NECK INJURIES. Damaged carotid arteries can lead to CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; pseudoaneurysm formation; and INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997, 18:251; J Trauma 1994, 37:473)

An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.

The time span between the beginning of physical activity by an individual and the termination because of exhaustion.

Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.

Precursor cells destined to differentiate into skeletal myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL).

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

An order of the class Amphibia, which includes several families of frogs and toads. They are characterized by well developed hind limbs adapted for jumping, fused head and trunk and webbed toes. The term "toad" is ambiguous and is properly applied only to the family Bufonidae.

A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.

Technique for limiting use, activity, or movement by immobilizing or restraining animal by suspending from hindlimbs or tails. This immobilization is used to simulate some effects of reduced gravity and study weightlessness physiology.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.

The portion of the leg in humans and other animals found between the HIP and KNEE.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.

A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

Two of the masticatory muscles: the internal, or medial, pterygoid muscle and external, or lateral, pterygoid muscle. Action of the former is closing the jaws and that of the latter is opening the jaws, protruding the mandible, and moving the mandible from side to side.

Myosin type II isoforms found in skeletal muscle.

Precursor cells destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes (MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

A strain of Rattus norvegicus used as a normotensive control for the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)

The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.

A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a "free interval") followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)

An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)

A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Myogenin is induced during differentiation of every skeletal muscle cell line that has been investigated, in contrast to the other myogenic regulatory factors that only appear in certain cell types.

The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.

A tumor composed of smooth muscle tissue, as opposed to leiomyoma, a tumor derived from smooth muscle.

Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

Cell surface proteins that bind acetylcholine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Cholinergic receptors are divided into two major classes, muscarinic and nicotinic, based originally on their affinity for nicotine and muscarine. Each group is further subdivided based on pharmacology, location, mode of action, and/or molecular biology.

A phosphoprotein phosphatase that is specific for MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. It is composed of three subunits, which include a catalytic subunit, a myosin binding subunit, and a third subunit of unknown function.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

A device that measures MUSCLE STRENGTH during muscle contraction, such as gripping, pushing, and pulling. It is used to evaluate the health status of muscle in sports medicine or physical therapy.

A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.

Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.

An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The smooth muscle coat of the uterus, which forms the main mass of the organ.

Reflex contraction of a muscle in response to stretching, which stimulates muscle proprioceptors.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra.

Parts of the myosin molecule resulting from cleavage by proteolytic enzymes (PAPAIN; TRYPSIN; or CHYMOTRYPSIN) at well-localized regions. Study of these isolated fragments helps to delineate the functional roles of different parts of myosin. Two of the most common subfragments are myosin S-1 and myosin S-2. S-1 contains the heads of the heavy chains plus the light chains and S-2 contains part of the double-stranded, alpha-helical, heavy chain tail (myosin rod).

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Chlamydial and human heat shock protein 60s activate human vascular endothelium, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. (1/15014)

Both chlamydial and human heat shock protein 60s (HSP 60), which colocalize in human atheroma, may contribute to inflammation during atherogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that chlamydial or human HSP 60 activates human endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and monocyte-derived macrophages. We examined the expression of adhesion molecules such as endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and the production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). We also tested whether either HSP 60 induces nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), which contributes to the gene expression of these molecules. Either chlamydial or human HSP 60 induced E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 expression on ECs similar to levels induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Each HSP 60 also significantly induced IL-6 production by ECs, SMCs, and macrophages to an extent similar to that induced by E. coli LPS, as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In ECs, either HSP 60 triggered activation of NF-kappaB complexes containing p65 and p50 Rel proteins. Heat treatment abolished all these effects, but did not alter the ability of E. coli LPS to induce these functions. Chlamydial and human HSP 60s therefore activate human vascular cell functions relevant to atherogenesis and lesional complications. These findings help to elucidate the mechanisms by which a chronic asymptomatic chlamydial infection might contribute to the pathophysiology of atheroma. (+info)

Endothelial cells modulate the proliferation of mural cell precursors via platelet-derived growth factor-BB and heterotypic cell contact. (2/15014)

Embryological data suggest that endothelial cells (ECs) direct the recruitment and differentiation of mural cell precursors. We have developed in vitro coculture systems to model some of these events and have shown that ECs direct the migration of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells (10T1/2 cells) and induce their differentiation toward a smooth muscle cell/pericyte lineage. The present study was undertaken to investigate cell proliferation in these cocultures. ECs and 10T1/2 cells were cocultured in an underagarose assay in the absence of contact. There was a 2-fold increase in bromodeoxyuridine labeling of 10T1/2 cells in response to ECs, which was completely inhibited by the inclusion of neutralizing antiserum against platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B. Antisera against PDGF-A, basic fibroblast growth factor, or transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta had no effect on EC-stimulated 10T1/2 cell proliferation. EC proliferation was not influenced by coculture with 10T1/2 cells in the absence of contact. The cells were then cocultured so that contact was permitted. Double labeling and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed that ECs and 10T1/2 cells were growth-inhibited by 43% and 47%, respectively. Conditioned media from contacting EC-10T1/2 cell cocultures inhibited the growth of both cell types by 61% and 48%, respectively. Although we have previously shown a role for TGF-beta in coculture-induced mural cell differentiation, growth inhibition resulting from contacting cocultures or conditioned media was not suppressed by the presence of neutralizing antiserum against TGF-beta. Furthermore, the decreased proliferation of 10T1/2 cells in the direct cocultures could not be attributed to downregulation of the PDGF-B in ECs or the PDGF receptor-beta in the 10T1/2 cells. Our data suggest that modulation of proliferation occurs during EC recruitment of mesenchymal cells and that heterotypic cell-cell contact and soluble factors play a role in growth control during vessel assembly. (+info)

Anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor antibody inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in injured rat carotid arteries. (3/15014)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) has been suggested to promote atherogenesis. The effects of in vivo neutralization of MCP-1 in a rat model were examined in an effort to clarify the role of MCP-1 in the development of neointimal hyperplasia. Competitive polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed maximum MCP-1 mRNA expression at 4 hours after carotid arterial injury. Increased immunoreactivities of MCP-1 were also detected at 2 and 8 hours after injury. Either anti-MCP-1 antibody or nonimmunized goat IgG (10 mg/kg) was then administered every 12 hours to rats that had undergone carotid arterial injury. Treatment with 3 consecutive doses of anti-MCP-1 antibody within 24 hours (experiment 1) and every 12 hours for 5 days (experiment 2) significantly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia at day 14, resulting in a 27.8% reduction of the mean intima/media ratio (P<0.05) in experiment 1 and a 43.6% reduction (P<0.01) in experiment 2. This effect was still apparent at day 56 (55.6% inhibition; P<0.05). The number of vascular smooth muscle cells in the neointima at day 4 was significantly reduced by anti-MCP-1 treatment, demonstrating the important role of MCP-1 in early neointimal lesion formation. However, recombinant MCP-1 did not stimulate chemotaxis of vascular smooth muscle cells in an in vitro migration assay. These results suggest that MCP-1 promotes neointimal hyperplasia in early neointimal lesion formation and that neutralization of MCP-1 before, and immediately after, arterial injury may be effective in preventing restenosis after angioplasty. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism underlying the promotion of neointimal hyperplasia by MCP-1. (+info)

Vascular remodeling in response to altered blood flow is mediated by fibroblast growth factor-2. (4/15014)

Vascular structures adapt to changes in blood flow by adjusting their diameter accordingly. The factors mediating this process are only beginning to be identified. We have recently established a mouse model of arterial remodeling in which flow in the common carotid artery is interrupted by ligation of the vessel near the carotid bifurcation, resulting in a dramatic reduction in vessel diameter as a consequence of inward remodeling and intimal lesion formation. In the present study, we used this model to determine the role of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in the remodeling response by maintaining neutralizing serum levels of a mouse monoclonal antibody against FGF-2 for 4 weeks. Morphometric analysis revealed that intimal lesion formation was not affected by the antibody. However, lumen narrowing was significantly inhibited, resulting in a greater than 3-fold increase in lumen area in anti-FGF-2-treated animals compared with controls. Treatment with anti-FGF-2 antibody significantly inhibited the reduction in vessel diameter (inward remodeling) and shortening of the internal elastic lamina in the ligated vessel. In addition, anti-FGF-2 treatment also caused outward remodeling of the contralateral carotid artery. These findings identify FGF-2 as an important factor in vascular remodeling, and its effects are likely to be mediated by increasing vascular tone. The results are consistent with the recent observation of reduced vascular tone in the FGF-2-deficient mouse. (+info)

Induction of serotonin transporter by hypoxia in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. Relationship with the mitogenic action of serotonin. (5/15014)

-The increased delivery of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) to the lung aggravates the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats, possibly through stimulation of the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs). In cultured rat PA-SMCs, 5-HT (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L) induced DNA synthesis and potentiated the mitogenic effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (10 ng/mL). This effect was dependent on the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), since it was prevented by the 5-HTT inhibitors fluoxetine (10(-6) mol/L) and paroxetine (10(-7) mol/L), but it was unaltered by ketanserin (10(-6) mol/L), a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist. In PA-SMCs exposed to hypoxia, the levels of 5-HTT mRNA (measured by competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) increased by 240% within 2 hours, followed by a 3-fold increase in the uptake of [3H]5-HT at 24 hours. Cotransfection of the cells with a construct of human 5-HTT promoter-luciferase gene reporter and of pCMV-beta-galactosidase gene allowed the demonstration that exposure of cells to hypoxia produced a 5.5-fold increase in luciferase activity, with no change in beta-galactosidase activity. The increased expression of 5-HTT in hypoxic cells was associated with a greater mitogenic response to 5-HT (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L) in the absence as well as in the presence of platelet-derived growth factor-BB. 5-HTT expression assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization in the lungs was found to predominate in the media of pulmonary artery, in which a marked increase was noted in rats that had been exposed to hypoxia for 15 days. These data show that in vitro and in vivo exposure to hypoxia induces, via a transcriptional mechanism, 5-HTT expression in PA-SMCs, and that this effect contributes to the stimulatory action of 5-HT on PA-SMC proliferation. In vivo expression of 5-HTT by PA-SMC may play a key role in serotonin-mediated pulmonary vascular remodeling. (+info)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 is a novel mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells. (6/15014)

A mitogen for growth-arrested cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells was purified to homogeneity from the supernatant of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells by heparin affinity chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. This mitogen was revealed to be tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2), which is a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor. TFPI-2 was expressed in baby hamster kidney cells using a mammalian expression vector. Recombinant TFPI-2 (rTFPI-2) stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (1-500 nM). rTFPI-2 activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and stimulated early proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA expression in smooth muscle cells. MAPK, c-fos expression and the mitogenic activity were inhibited by a specific inhibitor of MAPK kinase, PD098059. Thus, the mitogenic function of rTFPI-2 is considered to be mediated through MAPK pathway. TFPI has been reported to exhibit antiproliferative action after vascular smooth muscle injury in addition to the ability to inhibit activation of the extrinsic coagulation cascade. However, structurally similar TFPI-2 was found to have a mitogenic activity for the smooth muscle cell. (+info)

RNA antisense abrogation of MAT1 induces G1 phase arrest and triggers apoptosis in aortic smooth muscle cells. (7/15014)

The human MAT1 gene (menage a trois 1) is an assembly factor and a targeting subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-activating kinase. The novel mechanisms by which MAT1 forms an active CDK-activating kinase and determines substrate specificity of CDK7-cyclin H are involved in the cell cycle, DNA repair, and transcription. Hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) is a fundamental pathologic feature of luminal narrowing in vascular occlusive diseases, and nothing is yet known regarding the cell cycle phase specificity of the MAT1 gene in its involvement in SMC proliferation. To investigate such novel regulatory pathways, MAT1 expression was abrogated by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer of antisense MAT1 RNA in cultured rat aortic SMCs. We show that abrogation of MAT1 expression retards SMC proliferation and inhibits cell activation from a nonproliferative state. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that these effects are due to G1 phase arrest and apoptotic cell death. Our studies indicate a link between cell cycle control and apoptosis and reveal a potential mechanism for coupling the regulation of MAT1 with G1 exit and prevention of apoptosis. (+info)

JunB forms the majority of the AP-1 complex and is a target for redox regulation by receptor tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled receptor agonists in smooth muscle cells. (8/15014)

To understand the role of redox-sensitive mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth, we have studied the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol antioxidant, and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a potent NADH/NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on serum-, platelet-derived growth factor BB-, and thrombin-induced ERK2, JNK1, and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation; c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunB expression; and DNA synthesis. Both NAC and DPI completely inhibited agonist-induced AP-1 activity and DNA synthesis in VSMC. On the contrary, these compounds had differential effects on agonist-induced ERK2, JNK1, and p38 MAP kinase activation and c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunB expression. NAC inhibited agonist-induced ERK2, JNK1, and p38 MAP kinase activation and c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunB expression except for platelet-derived growth factor BB-induced ERK2 activation. In contrast, DPI only inhibited agonist-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and c-Fos and JunB expression. Antibody supershift assays indicated the presence of c-Fos and JunB in the AP-1 complex formed in response to all three agonists. In addition, cotransfection of VSMC with expression plasmids for c-Fos and members of the Jun family along with the AP-1-dependent reporter gene revealed that AP-1 with c-Fos and JunB composition exhibited a higher transactivating activity than AP-1 with other compositions tested. All three agonists significantly stimulated reactive oxygen species production, and this effect was inhibited by both NAC and DPI. Together, these results strongly suggest a role for redox-sensitive mechanisms in agonist-induced ERK2, JNK1, and p38 MAP kinase activation; c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunB expression; AP-1 activity; and DNA synthesis in VSMC. These results also suggest a role for NADH/NADPH oxidase activity in some subset of early signaling events such as p38 MAP kinase activation and c-Fos and JunB induction, which appear to be important in agonist-induced AP-1 activity and DNA synthesis in VSMC. (+info)

Takahashi K, Hiwada K, Kokubu T (1988). "Vascular smooth muscle calponin. A novel troponin T-like protein". Hypertension. 11 (6 ... Winder SJ, Walsh MP (1990). "Smooth muscle calponin. Inhibition of actomyosin MgATPase and regulation by phosphorylation". J. ... In muscle cells, they regulate muscle contraction by controlling the binding of myosin heads to the actin filament. Mutations ... of actin-binding proteins involved in the contractile system of striated and smooth muscles and the cytoskeleton of non-muscle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropomyosin_3

Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T, Kamata K (August 2003). "Phosphodiesterases in the vascular system". J Smooth Muscle Res. 39 (4): 67- ... PDE1C has been shown to be a major regulator of smooth muscle proliferation, at least in human smooth muscle. Nonproliferating ... PDE1A most likely serves to regulate vascular smooth muscle concentration and has been found to be up-regulated in rat aorta in ... For example, in airway smooth muscles of humans and other species, generic PDE1 accounts for more than 50% of the hydrolytic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE1

"The pharmacology of vascular smooth muscle". Pharmacological Reviews. 7 (2): 184-265, hier S. 213. PMID 13245382. S. Guimarães ... und β-adrenoceptors co-existing in vascular smooth muscle. Veins and their receptors remained favourites. Guimarães has ... S. Guimarães, I. Azevedo, W. Cardoso, M. C. Oliveira (1975). "Relation between the amount of smooth muscle of venous tissue and ... In 1982, Guimarães wrote in Trends in Pharmacological Sciences: „In vascular tissue there are two different biophases for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafim_Guimarães

Szasz, Theodora; Tostes, Rita C. A. (2016). Vascular Smooth Muscle Function in Hypertension. Biota Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61504 ... muscles, nerves, veins and arteries; and special anatomy which is concerned with the internal parts of the body like the heart ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Nafis

Calcification forms among vascular smooth muscle cells of the surrounding muscular layer, specifically in the muscle cells ... of plaque-resident cells are vascular smooth muscle cell derived. Therefore, it is important to research the role of vascular ... Vascular smooth muscle cells play a key role in atherogenesis and were historically considered to be beneficial for plaque ... However, in addition to the fibrous cap, vascular smooth muscle cells also give rise to many of the cell types found within the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherosclerosis

... vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells; various types of epithelial cells, liver hepatocytes, neural tissue glial cells, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formyl_peptide_receptor_1

Khalil, Raouf A. (2010). Rho Kinase in Vascular Smooth Muscle. Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences. Nagumo, Hiromitsu; Sasaki, ... On a cellular level, ROCK has multiple functions, including regulation of smooth muscle cell contraction, cell migration, and ... "RhoA/ROCK Pathway Activation is Regulated by AT1 Receptor and Participates in Smooth Muscle Migration and Dedifferentiation via ... "Rho kinase inhibitor HA-1077 prevents Rho-mediated myosin phosphatase inhibition in smooth muscle cells". American Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho_kinase_inhibitor

Chapter 7Rho Kinase in Vascular Smooth Muscle. Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences. 2010. Jacobs M, Hayakawa K, Swenson L, Bellon S ... Other functions involve smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, ... "Rho-associated kinase of chicken gizzard smooth muscle". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (6): 3744-52. doi:10.1074/jbc ... Fasudil has been used to characterize the role of ROCK1 in vascular function in clinical studies and has been approved for use ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROCK1

Robinson, B. F. (1981). "Drugs acting directly on vascular smooth muscle". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 12 (Suppl ... Vallance, Patrick (1997). "Exploring vascular nitric oxide in health and disease. The Goulstonian Lecture 1996". Journal of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Collier_(clinical_pharmacologist)

... which reach vascular smooth muscle. The vasomotor center changes vascular smooth muscle tone. This changes local and systemic ... This reduces sympathetic tone to vascular smooth muscle. This reduces heart rate and vascular resistance. Digoxin increases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasomotor_center

Lynch RM, Paul RJ (March 1987). "Compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism in vascular smooth muscle". The American Journal ... This was first discovered in red blood cells (Schrier, 1966), but has later been evidenced in renal cells, smooth muscles ... of Na/K-ATPase molecules-specifically the α2 isoform in heart and arterial smooth muscle (Kd = 32 nM) -- are inhibited, not ... release from the muscle cells' sarcoplasmic reticulum. Immediately after muscle contraction, intracellular Ca²⁺ is quickly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium–potassium_pump

"Vascular smooth muscle contractility depends on cell shape". Integrative Biology. 3 (11): 1063-70. doi:10.1039/c1ib00061f. PMC ... Walboomers, X. F.; Monaghan, W.; Curtis, A. S. G.; Jansen, J. A. (August 1999). "Attachment of fibroblasts on smooth and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_guidance

They mainly control smooth and vascular muscle dilation. Strength of response is dependent upon the concentration of receptors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_hormone

"Protein Kinase C as Regulator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Function and Potential Target in Vascular Disorders". Vascular ... Since smooth muscle does not contain a troponin complex, as striated muscle does, this mechanism is the main pathway for ... Another source of smooth muscle disorders like ischemia-reperfusion, hypertension, and coronary artery disease arise when ... Hong F, Haldeman BD, Jackson D, Carter M, Baker JE, Cremo CR (15 June 2011). "Biochemistry of Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin_light-chain_kinase

Atherosclerotic plaque contains vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and endothelial cells and these have been found to ... Uryga AK, Bennett MR (15 April 2016). "Ageing induced vascular smooth muscle cell senescence in atherosclerosis". J Physiol. ... Muscle strength, and stamina for sustained physical effort, decline in function with age in humans and other species. Skeletal ... reported that the oxidative DNA damage 8-OHdG accumulates in heart and skeletal muscle (as well as in brain, kidney and liver) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_damage_theory_of_aging

... vascular smooth muscle and gastric fundus mucosal cells); thalamus (anterior, ventromedial, laterodorsal, paraventricular and ... This effect was associated with a reduction in the levels of Vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 ... Activation of EP3 receptors contracts vascular beds including rat mesentery artery, rat tail artery, guinea-pig aorta, rodent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_EP3_receptor

... refers to proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells primarily in the tunica intima, ... Macrophages in particular express many growth factors, cytokines, and enzymes that facilitate vascular smooth muscle cell ... "Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as a therapeutic target. Part 1: Molecular targets and pathways". Biotechnology ... proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, and collagen deposition. Mechanical injury of arterials due to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neointimal_hyperplasia

Li X, Yang HY, Giachelli CM (2006). "Role of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter, Pit-1, in vascular smooth muscle ... 2000). "Phosphate regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification". Circ. Res. 87 (7): E10-7. doi:10.1161/01.RES.87.7. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC20A1

Kohnen G, Campbell S, Jeffers MD, Cameron IT (2000). "Spatially regulated differentiation of endometrial vascular smooth muscle ... Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTG2 gene. Actins are highly conserved ... Actin, gamma 2, encoded by this gene, is a smooth muscle actin found in enteric tissues. ACTG2 has been shown to interact with ... Ueyama H (May 1991). "A HindIII DNA polymorphism in the human enteric type smooth muscle actin gene (ACTSG)". Nucleic Acids Res ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTG2

"Modulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction by the endothelium". Annual Review of Physiology. 48: 307-320. doi:10.1146/ ... Virginia M Miller; Sue P Duckles (25 June 2008). "Vascular actions of estrogens: functional implications". Pharmacological ... Vanhoutte Named Lecture in Vascular Pharmacology from the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_M._Miller

"The roles of autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells". International Journal of Cardiology. 211: 1-6. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person-centered_care

"Effects of visnadine on rat isolated vascular smooth muscles". Planta Medica. Thieme Medical Publishers. 63 (3): 233-6. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visnadine

Lemire JM, Braun KR, Maurel P, Kaplan ED, Schwartz SM, Wight TN (1999). "Versican/PG-M isoforms in vascular smooth muscle cells ... Smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, epithelial cells of skin, and the cells of central and peripheral nervous system are a ... "Identification of the proteoglycan versican in aorta and smooth muscle cells by DNA sequence analysis, in situ hybridization ... Kenagy RD, Plaas AH, Wight TN (2006). "Versican degradation and vascular disease". Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 16 (6): 209-15. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versican

"Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cultures Inhibition by Osteopontin". Circulation Research. 84 (2): 166-178. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_models_for_calcification

β2 receptors are found in vascular and bronchial smooth muscle. β3 receptors, which are presumed to be involved in fatty acid ... The mechanism by which cAMP induces relaxation in airway smooth muscle cells is not fully understood. It is believed that cAMP ... It is postulated that the plasmalemma lipid bilayer of airway smooth muscles acts as a depot for β2-adrenoceptor agonists. β2- ... The kinetics of airway smooth muscle relaxation, as long as the onset and duration of bronchodilation in asthmatic patients, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development_of_beta2_agonists

The fascia also contains fibroblasts, smooth muscle, and vascular vessels. The cardinal ligament supports the apex of the ... The pubococcygeus muscle is subdivided into the pubourethralis, pubovaginal muscle and the puborectalis muscle. The names ... The perineal body is made up of smooth muscle, elastic connective tissue fibers, and nerve endings. Above the perineal body are ... "Superficial transverse perineal muscle". IMAIOS. Retrieved 2018-02-03. "Human Anatomy, The Female Perineum, Muscles of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_support_structures

They are also found in vascular smooth muscles, mediating contraction. Agonism of 5-HT1D receptors subdues the release of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development_of_triptans

Administration of this estradiol metabolite prevents vascular smooth muscle growth. This inhibition of angiogenesis is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxylation_of_estradiol

Isenberg, Brett C.; Dimilla, Paul A.; Walker, Matthew; Kim, Sooyoung; Wong, Joyce Y. (2009-09-02). "Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell ... Hartman, Christopher D.; Isenberg, Brett C.; Chua, Samantha G.; Wong, Joyce Y. (2016-10-04). "Vascular smooth muscle cell ... Wong, Joyce Y.; Velasco, Alan; Rajagopalan, Padmavathy; Pham, Quynh (2003-03-01). "Directed Movement of Vascular Smooth Muscle ... "Effect of substrate stiffness and PDGF on the behavior of vascular smooth muscle cells: implications for atherosclerosis". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyce_Wong

"Expression of functional delta opioid receptors in vascular smooth muscle". International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 6 (6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Δ-opioid_receptor

... stem cells in allergic asthma and COPD Immunobiology of allergic asthma Control of airway and vascular smooth muscle structure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firestone_Institute_for_Respiratory_Health

2004). "Distinct subcellular localizations of Nox1 and Nox4 in vascular smooth muscle cells". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol ... 2005). "Human urotensin II is a novel activator of NADPH oxidase in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells". Arterioscler. ... 2002). "Cytochrome b558-dependent NAD(P)H oxidase-phox units in smooth muscle and macrophages of atherosclerotic lesions". ... H oxidase Nox-4 mediates 7-ketocholesterol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in human aortic smooth muscle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOX4

Ruchoux MM, Guerouaou D, Vandenhaute B, Pruvo JP, Vermersch P, Leys D (1995). "Systemic vascular smooth muscle cell impairment ... cause an abnormal accumulation of Notch 3 at the cytoplasmic membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells both in cerebral and ... The underlying pathology of CADASIL is progressive hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. Autosomal dominant ... Fisher, Christopher (14 March 2011). "CADASIL, A Vascular Brain Disorder, Is Often Misdiagnosed As Multiple Sclerosis". BMED ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CADASIL

NADA has also been implicated in smooth muscle contraction and vasorelaxation in blood vessels. Additionally, NADA has been ... O'Sullivan, Saoirse E.; Kendall, David A.; Randall, Michael D. (2009-01-01). "Time-dependent vascular effects of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine

... protein is widely expressed in vascular tissues, smooth muscle cells, adipocytes, cerebral neurons, apical squamous ... Several cell types or tissues, e.g. osteoblasts, chondrocytes, cardiac tissue, gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells, and ... Studies conducted on cultured myocytes, a form of muscle cell, indicates that LECT2 impairs insulin signaling by activating a c ... These studies suggest that mouse Lect2 suppresses insulin signaling in skeletal muscle but not adipose or liver tissues of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LECT2

These mediators affect nerve cells causing itching, smooth muscle cells causing contraction (leading to the airway narrowing ... such as vascular cell adhesion molecule and selectins), which together result in the recruitment and activation of leukocytes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_inflammation

The average brain volume is 25 ml, similar to a cat of approximately the same size; while the platypus has a largely smooth ... Unlike placental mammals, including humans, the echidna does not have a ciliary muscle to distort the geometry of the lens and ... Doran, G.A.; Baggett, H. (1970). "The vascular stiffening mechanism in the tongue of the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus)". ... The panniculus carnosus, an enormous muscle just beneath the skin, covers the entire body. By contraction of various parts of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-beaked_echidna

"Aquaporin-1 is expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells and mediates rapid water transport across vascular cell membranes". J ... 1999 Aquaporin-1 is expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells and mediates rapid water transport across vascular cell membranes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Osbourn

... gene expression in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells". Diabetologia. 44 (6): 713-20. doi:10.1007/s001250051680. PMID ... and Vascular Biology. 19 (9): 2078-84. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.19.9.2078. PMID 10479648. Fujita S, Ito T, Mizutani T, Minoguchi S, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP-1_transcription_factor

... increase of tumor necrosis factor-α and its direct effect on the expression of alkaline phosphatase in vascular smooth muscle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_phosphatase

... causes inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channels and contraction of smooth muscle (in ductus). This condition can be ... Physiologically, sulfonylurea receptor 2 is significant in vascular relaxation.[citation needed] An increase in O2 tension ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantú_syndrome

This attracts more macrophages and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. Smooth muscle cells migrate from the media ... positive vascular remodeling, increased vasa-vasorum neovascularization, and intra-plaque hemorrhage. These characteristics ... though they still produce heart muscle damage, a slow progressive process resulting in ischemic heart disease, the most common ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerable_plaque

... in LDL-induced mitogenic stimulus in vascular smooth muscle cells: role of CREB". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular ... "The NR4A orphan nuclear receptor NOR1 is induced by platelet-derived growth factor and mediates vascular smooth muscle cell ... Liu D, Jia H, Holmes DI, Stannard A, Zachary I (Nov 2003). "Vascular endothelial growth factor-regulated gene expression in ... and Vascular Biology. 26 (10): 2288-94. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000238346.84458.5d. PMID 16873729. Pearen MA, Ryall JG, Maxwell MA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_4A3

2004). "A novel angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein induces cellular hypertrophy in rat vascular smooth muscle ... enhances internalization of AT1 receptor and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell growth". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 279 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGTRAP

... contraction of uterine smooth muscle, and initiation of parturition. Analogs of PGF2α have been developed for estrus ... Ricciotti E, FitzGerald GA (2011). "Prostaglandins and inflammation". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 31 (5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eicosanoid_receptor

... a process by which shadows are added to 3D computer graphics Vascular smooth muscle, a type of muscle found in blood vessels ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSM

For example, a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells is called a leiomyoma (the common name of this frequently occurring benign ... Bolland MJ, Grey A, Gamble GD, Reid IR (April 2014). "The effect of vitamin D supplementation on skeletal, vascular, or cancer ... Some cancers can cause a systemic inflammatory state that leads to ongoing muscle loss and weakness, known as cachexia. Some ... effect on cancer is complicated by factors such as DNA damage and inflammation promoting it and factors such as vascular aging ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer

Research done on endothelial and smooth muscle cells is consistent to the hypothesis that S1P has a crucial role in regulating ... Certain growth-inducing proteins such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and vascular ... which then diffuses into the smooth muscle tissue and causes relaxation. DAG remains bound to the membrane by its fatty acid " ... 2007). "Lipid second messengers and cell signaling in vascular wall". Biochemistry (Moscow). 72 (8): 797-808. doi:10.1134/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_signaling

He characterized the ridged band as intensely vascular and richly innervated, stating that it "contains more Meissner's ... that the real importance of the ridged band to sexual intercourse lies in an ability to trigger a reflex contraction of muscles ... corpuscles than does the smooth mucosa", and noted that these tactile corpuscles were found only in the crests of ridges. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridged_band

... such as the effects of inflammatory mediators on airway and vascular smooth muscle tone. As a rule of thumb, all these models ... Histological changes consist of epithelial necrosis and detachment, increase in the area of smooth muscle, epithelial ... is affected by increases in the dispersion of both alveolar ventilation and cardiac output because bronchial and vascular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_inhalation_injury

Normal endometrial stroma Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) are CD10+ (Smooth muscle tumors are usually CD10−, but can be CD10+ ... Müllerian adenosarcoma Uterine high-grade leiomyosarcoma Uterine rhabdomyosarcoma Vascular tumors Epithelioid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neprilysin

... which was seeded with endothelial and smooth muscle cells at the site of a dog's pulmonary artery. Sutherland in 2005 utilized ... Dohmen then created a decellularized cryopreserved pulmonary allograft scaffold and seeded it with human vascular endothelial ... allowing further tissue and vascular growth. 3-D porous scaffolds can be manufactured through 3-D printing or various polymers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering_of_heart_valves

"Selective expression of an endogenous inhibitor of FAK regulates proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells". ... Abedi H, Zachary I (June 1997). "Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation and recruitment to new ... beta5 in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling". The Journal of Cell Biology. 157 (1): 149-60. doi:10.1083/jcb.200109079 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTK2

Campbell is a cell biologist specializing in vascular smooth muscle. Campbell's postdoctoral experience extends from working at ... vascular smooth muscle and tissue engineering of the arteries "Therapeutic Uses of Beta-casein a2 and dietary supplement ... Her studies consolidated her early findings on vascular smooth muscle biology. In 1991, she left her position as the principal ... Campbell is a professorial fellow at the Australian Academy of Science and is a world leader in the field of smooth muscle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Campbell_(vascular_biologist)

... smooth muscle arterioles, progressive mesangial loss and glomerular aneurysms. High throughput whole transcriptome profiling of ... These fibers play a critical role in regulation of vascular inflammation and permeability, which are important in the ... Yang B, Lin H, Xiao J, Lu Y, Luo X, Li B, Zhang Y, Xu C, Bai Y, Wang H, Chen G, Wang Z (April 2007). "The muscle-specific ... Zhao Y, Samal E, Srivastava D (July 2005). "Serum response factor regulates a muscle-specific microRNA that targets Hand2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA

The mechanotransduction of these physical cues to endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall can also trigger the ... Due to the absence of smooth muscle cells and the glycocalyx, which provide elastic support in adult vessels, blood vessels in ... the balance between vascular forces and tissue forces is shifted and some vascular branches may be disconnected or diminished ... Therefore, vascular remodelling does not depend on the presence of oxygen and in fact occurs before perfused tissues require ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_remodelling_in_the_embryo

Systemic disease may develop because the gums are very vascular (have a good blood supply). The blood stream carries these ... which leaves behind a smooth and glassy surface, which is not a requisite for periodontal healing. Therefore, RSI is now ... conditions Gingival Phenotype Gingival/Soft Tissue Recession Lack of Gingiva Decreased Vestibular Depth Aberrant Frenum/muscle ... and Vascular Biology. 21 (11): 1816-22. doi:10.1161/hq1101.097803. PMID 11701471. Elter JR, Champagne CM, Offenbacher S, Beck ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_disease

Liu X, Cheng Y, Zhang S, Lin Y, Yang J, Zhang C (2009). "A necessary role of miR-221 and miR-222 in vascular smooth muscle cell ... "Induction of microRNA-221 by platelet-derived growth factor signaling is critical for modulation of vascular smooth muscle ... Urbich, C; Kuehbacher, A; Dimmeler, S (1 September 2008). "Role of microRNAs in vascular diseases, inflammation, and ... Urbich C, Kuehbacher A, Dimmeler S (2008). "Role of microRNAs in vascular diseases, inflammation, and angiogenesis". Cardiovasc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-221_microRNA

FC3 Changes in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage in primary vascular smooth muscle derived cells and tissue ... FC3 Changes in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage in primary vascular smooth muscle derived cells and tissue ... FC3 Changes in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage in primary vascular smooth muscle derived cells and tissue ...

https://heart.bmj.com/content/96/17/e11.3.citation-tools

Smooth, Vascular" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Muscle, Smooth, Vascular" was a major or minor ... "Muscle, Smooth, Vascular" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Vascular smooth muscle ROCK1 contributes to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension development in mice. Biochem Biophys Res ... Protocol to assess the effects of dysfunctional human vascular smooth muscle cells on other brain cells using in vitro models ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Muscle,%20Smooth,%20Vascular

Filaments in cultured vascular smooth muscle cell. Peter Dartsch Affiliation. University of Tuebingen. Institute of Physiology ...

https://www.nikonsmallworld.com/galleries/1988-photomicrography-competition/filaments-in-cultured-vascular-smooth-muscle-cell

... Author: Hanemaaijer, Evelyn S.; Panahi, Mahmod; ... Autophagy-lysosomal defect in human CADASIL vascular smooth muscle cells. Show full item record ... Autophagy-lysosomal defect in human CADASIL vascular smooth muscle cells , European Journal of Cell Biology , vol. 97 , no. 8 ...

https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/307690

Modulation of the molecular composition of large conductance, Ca2+ activated K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle during ... Modulation of the molecular composition of large conductance, Ca2+ activated K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle during ... In this study we tested the hypothesis that a reduction in Ca2+ spark-BK channel coupling underlies vascular smooth muscle ... These results support the novel concept that changes in BK channel subunit composition regulate arterial smooth muscle function ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/18684/citations

Vascular smooth muscle contraction - Homo sapiens (human) [ Pathway menu , Organism menu , Pathway entry , Download KGML , Show ... The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. On contraction, ...

https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/hsa04270+552+553

Guanine nucleotide binding proteins may modulate gating of calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle. I. Studies with fluoride ... Guanine nucleotide binding proteins may modulate gating of calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle. I. Studies with fluoride ... Guanine nucleotide binding proteins may modulate gating of calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle. I. Studies with fluoride ... Guanine nucleotide binding proteins may modulate gating of calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle. I. Studies with fluoride ...

https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/250/1/343

Does enhanced smooth muscle cell contraction increase local matrix stiffness and promote smooth muscle cell proliferation?. ... Emerging regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell migration. TecLino Afewerki, Sultan Ahmed, Derek Warren ...

https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk/en/publications/emerging-regulators-of-vascular-smooth-muscle-cell-migration/projects/?status=FINISHED

View Rat Genome Database annotations to negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved ... 2 RGD objects have been annotated to negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in ... An association has been curated linking Fgf9 and negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation ...

https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/annotation/main.html?term=GO:1905931&id=13601993

Effect of Azelnidipine on Angiotensin II-Mediated Growth-Promoting Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Jian-Mei Li, ... Effect of Azelnidipine on Angiotensin II-Mediated Growth-Promoting Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Jian-Mei Li, ... Effect of Azelnidipine on Angiotensin II-Mediated Growth-Promoting Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Jian-Mei Li, ... Effect of Azelnidipine on Angiotensin II-Mediated Growth-Promoting Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ...

https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/67/5/1666/tab-figures-data

N2 - Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are of great value and are needed in large quantities for tissue engineering, drug ... AB - Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are of great value and are needed in large quantities for tissue engineering, drug ... Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are of great value and are needed in large quantities for tissue engineering, drug ... abstract = "Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are of great value and are needed in large quantities for tissue engineering, ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/differentiating-human-pluripotent-stem-cells-into-vascular-smooth

A744 INHIBITION BY ISOPROTERENOL OF ENDOTHELIN-MEDIATED PRODUCTION OF INOSITOL PHOSPHATES IN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS Yu- ... A744 INHIBITION BY ISOPROTERENOL OF ENDOTHELIN-MEDIATED PRODUCTION OF INOSITOL PHOSPHATES IN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS. ... Mechanisms Underlying the Inhibitory Effect of Propofol on the Contraction of Canine Airway Smooth Muscle Anesthesiology ( ... Inhibitory Effects of Propofol on Intracellular Signaling by Endothelin-1 in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Anesthesiology ( ...

https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/73/3A/NA/49456/A744-INHIBITION-BY-ISOPROTERENOL-OF-ENDOTHELIN

TRPC6 and TRPC4 Heteromultimerization Mediates Store Depletion-Activated NCX1 Reversal in Proliferative Vascular Smooth Muscle ... TRPC6 and TRPC4 Heteromultimerization Mediates Store Depletion-Activated NCX1 Reversal in Proliferative Vascular Smooth Muscle ... TRPC6 and TRPC4 Heteromultimerization Mediates Store Depletion-Activated NCX1 Reversal in Proliferative Vascular Smooth Muscle ... TRPC6 and TRPC4 Heteromultimerization Mediates Store Depletion-Activated NCX1 Reversal in Proliferative Vascular Smooth Muscle ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/trpc6-and-trpc4-heteromultimerization-mediates-store-depletion-ac

Mast Cells Induce Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis via a Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation Pathway. / den Dekker, Wijnand K ... Mast Cells Induce Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis via a Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation Pathway. In: Arteriosclerosis ... Mast Cells Induce Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis via a Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation Pathway. Arteriosclerosis ... Mast Cells Induce Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis via a Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation Pathway. ...

https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/mast-cells-induce-vascular-smooth-muscle-cell-apoptosis-via-a-tol

Hyperpolarization and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle to endothelium-derived nitric oxide ... Hyperpolarization and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle to endothelium-derived nitric oxide ...

https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/106614

Investigation of vascular smooth muscle cell heterogeneity * Tracking stem cells in the living myocardium using 19F-MRI - a new ... Thymosin β4 preserves vascular smooth muscle phenotype in atherosclerosis via regulation of low density lipoprotein related ... Thymosin β4 preserves vascular smooth muscle phenotype in atherosclerosis via regulation of low density lipoprotein related ...

https://www.cardioscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/1324833

View the list of generic medicines under the Drugs Acting On Vascular Smooth Musclecategory. ... Drugs Acting On Vascular Smooth Muscle. Generic Medicines In Category Drugs Acting On Vascular Smooth Muscle. Filter Generic ...

https://www.medicineindia.org/generic-medicine-by-category/174/drugs-acting-on-vascular-smooth-muscle

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular Myocytes, Smooth Muscle Signal Transduction Smad1 Protein Smad4 Protein Transforming Growth Factor ... Aberrant smooth muscle cell (SMC) plasticity has been implicated in a variety of vascular disorders including atherosclerosis, ... Title : MicroRNA-26a Is a Novel Regulator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function Personal Author(s) : Leeper, Nicholas J.; ... MicroRNA-26a Is a Novel Regulator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function. ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/33204

A strapterocarpan isolated from Astragalus membranaceus inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.. Author ... A strapterocarpan isolated from Astragalus membranaceus inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. ...

https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1010000781800407572

Rationale: Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by oxidative stress and promotes VSMC ... N2 - Rationale: Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by oxidative stress and promotes ... AB - Rationale: Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by oxidative stress and promotes ... Dive into the research topics of Basigin mediates pulmonary hypertension by promoting inflammation and vascular smooth muscle ...

https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/basigin-mediates-pulmonary-hypertension-by-promoting-inflammation-2

Dive into the research topics of C-type natriuretic peptide induces redifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells with ... C-type natriuretic peptide induces redifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells with accelerated reendothelialization. ... C-type natriuretic peptide induces redifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells with accelerated reendothelialization. / ... C-type natriuretic peptide induces redifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells with accelerated reendothelialization. In ...

https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/c-type-natriuretic-peptide-induces-redifferentiation-of-vascular-

Lab studies vascular physiology and cardiovascular disease pathophysiology. Specific research interests at present include ... Physiology, cardiovascular diseases, aging, vascular function, endothelium, smooth muscle, metabolism, autophagy, inflammation ... Vascular and Integrative Physiology (VIP) Laboratory. Description:. The Vascular and Integrative Physiology (VIP) Lab studies ... vascular physiology and cardiovascular disease pathophysiology. Specific research interests at present include autophagy, ...

https://www.sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/engineering_and_computing/research/research_directory/vascular_integrative_physiology.php

... Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, And ... Before submitting the Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and, we dominated at the book of using keywords by sharing them ... Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and Contractile books wish a small magazines shared among them, but they are negative ... new; Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and Contractile has sons of adaptive countries about which People give modern of ...

http://www.passmore.org/webstats/daily/pdf.php?q=Vascular-Smooth-Muscle%3A-Metabolic%2C-Ionic%2C-and-Contractile-Mechanisms-1982.html

... NAPOLI, RAFFAELE;GUARDASOLE, VINCENZO;ZARRA, EMANUELA; ... To investigate the activity of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in patients with migraine.Methods: Case- ... To investigate the activity of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in patients with migraine.Methods: Case- ... Patients with migraine are characterized by a distinct vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction, revealed by impaired cyclic ...

https://www.iris.unina.it/handle/11588/357571

... T. Merkulova-Rainon, D. Broqueres-You, N. Kubis, J.-S. ... Towards the therapeutic use of vascular smooth muscle progenitor cells. , Cardiovascular Research, February 2012, European ...

https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1093%25252Fcvr%25252Fcvs097/reader

The β-amyloid peptide of Alzheimers disease decreases adhesion of vascular smooth muscle cells to the basement membrane ... The β-amyloid peptide of Alzheimers disease decreases adhesion of vascular smooth muscle cells to the basement membrane. You ... In CAA, degeneration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) occurs close to regions of the basement membrane where the amyloid ... The β-amyloid peptide of Alzheimers disease decreases adhesion of vascular smooth muscle cells to the basement membrane, ...

http://ecite.utas.edu.au/61096

Return to Article Details Endothelin-1 Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation is Mediated by Cytochrome P-450 ...

https://www.bjbms.org/ojs/index.php/bjbms/article/view/2691/572

Dive into the research topics of IL-19 reduces ligation-mediated neointimal hyperplasia by reducing vascular smooth muscle ... IL-19 reduces ligation-mediated neointimal hyperplasia by reducing vascular smooth muscle cell activation. ...

https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/il-19-reduces-ligation-mediated-neointimal-hyperplasia-by-reducin/fingerprints/

Investigation of vascular smooth muscle cell heterogeneity * Tracking stem cells in the living myocardium using 19F-MRI - a new ... To investigate whether pre-existing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) can be induced to stimulate neo-vascularisation after ... Medial Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Contributes to Neointimal Formation in Mouse Injury and Atherosclerosis Models. Circulation ... Extensive vascular remodelling occurs during development, in response to injury and recent studies have shown that vasculature ...

https://www.cardioscience.ox.ac.uk/bhf-centre-of-regenerative-medicine/pump-priming-funding/in-vivo-proliferation-of-vascular-smooth-muscle-cells

Human Brain Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell micro RNA ... Human Brain Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell MicroRNA. Catalog #1107 ... Human Brain Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell microRNA (HBVSMC miRNA) is prepared from early passage Human Brain Vascular Smooth ... Muscle Cells using Life Technologies mirVanaTM miRNA Isolation Kit. The microRNA is purified by organic extraction and ...

https://www.sciencellonline.com/human-brain-vascular-smooth-muscle-cell-micro-rna.html

Heightened apoptotic priming of vascular cells across tissues and life span predisposes them to cancer therapy-induced toxicities. (harvard.edu)
Protocol to assess the effects of dysfunctional human vascular smooth muscle cells on other brain cells using in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease. (harvard.edu)
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are of great value and are needed in large quantities for tissue engineering, drug screening, disease modeling and cell-based therapies. (elsevier.com)
Store depletion has been shown to induce Ca2+ entry by Na+/Ca+ exchange (NCX) 1 reversal in proliferative vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). (elsevier.com)
Objective-Activated mast cells (MCs) release chymase, which can induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis leading to plaque destabilization. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
A strapterocarpan isolated from Astragalus membranaceus inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. (nii.ac.jp)
Rationale: Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by oxidative stress and promotes VSMC proliferation. (elsevier.com)
We recently reported that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) occurs in vascular endothelial cells and acts as a vascular-type natriuretic peptide. (elsevier.com)
In the present study, we stimulated the cGMP cascade in proliferating smooth muscle cells (SMCs), in which particulate guanylate cyclase-B, the specific receptor for CNP, is predominantly expressed, by use of an adenovirus encoding rat CNP cDNA (Ad.CNP). (elsevier.com)
Background: Migraine is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms are unclear.Objective: To investigate the activity of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in patients with migraine.Methods: Case-control study of 12 patients with migraine without aura and 12 matched healthy control subjects. (unina.it)
In CAA, degeneration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) occurs close to regions of the basement membrane where the amyloid protein (A ) builds up. (edu.au)
Extensive vascular remodelling occurs during development, in response to injury and recent studies have shown that vasculature formed from host cells perfuse cardiac grafts established from injected stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (1). (ox.ac.uk)
To investigate whether pre-existing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) can be induced to stimulate neo-vascularisation after MI, we have used clonal VSMC lineage tracing in models where VSMCs proliferation is induced acutely. (ox.ac.uk)
Extensive Proliferation of a Subset of Differentiated, yet Plastic, Medial Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Contributes to Neointimal Formation in Mouse Injury and Atherosclerosis Models. (ox.ac.uk)
Human Brain Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell microRNA (HBVSMC miRNA) is prepared from early passage Human Brain Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells using Life Technologies' mirVanaTM miRNA Isolation Kit. (sciencellonline.com)
A novel PDGF-mediated RhoG pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. (utoledo.edu)
In a previous report from our laboratory, we noted that IL-2 and IL-2Rβ-deficient mice lose smooth muscle cells over time, eventually resulting in aneurysmal aortas and ectatic esophagi. (wright.edu)
This finding, combined with our work showing that IL-2 surrounds vascular smooth muscle cells by association with perlecan, led us to ask whether vascular smooth muscle cells express an IL-2R. (wright.edu)
Toward this end, we reported the expression of IL-2Rβ on human and murine vascular smooth muscle cells. (wright.edu)
We now report that vascular smooth muscle cells express all three subunits of the IL-2R, and that expression of IL-2Rα varies with vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. (wright.edu)
Changes in aortic wall structure that lead to aneurysm formation and vascular calcification are actively mediated by vascular smooth muscle cells. (vumc.nl)
Vascular smooth muscle cells in a healthy vessel wall are termed contractile as they maintain vascular tone and remain quiescent. (vumc.nl)
Additionally, healthy vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize VKDPs (vitamin K-dependent proteins), which are involved in inhibition of vascular calcification. (vumc.nl)
Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase regulates angiotensin II-induced cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity and growth in vascular smooth muscle cells. (omeka.net)
Angiotensin (Ang) II via the AT(1) receptor acts as a mitogen in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) through stimulation of multiple signaling mechanisms, including tyrosine kinases and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). (omeka.net)
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the TP receptor antagonist and thromboxane synthase inhibitor EV-077 on inflammatory markers in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and on human coronary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. (unamur.be)
Within vascular smooth muscle cells, smooth muscle α-2 actin forms the core of structures called sarcomeres, which are necessary for muscles to contract. (medlineplus.gov)
The origins of neointimal smooth muscle cells that arise following vascular injury remains controversial. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies have suggested that these cells may arise from previously differentiated medial vascular smooth muscle cells, resident stem cells or blood born progenitors. (biomedcentral.com)
In the current study we examined the contribution of the previously differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells to the neointima that forms following carotid artery ligation. (biomedcentral.com)
Following treatment of adult mice with tamoxifen these mice express mEGFP exclusively in differentiated smooth muscle cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequently vascular injury was induced in the mice by carotid artery ligation and the contribution of mEGFP positive cells to the neointima determined. (biomedcentral.com)
Analysis of the cellular composition of the neointima that forms following injury revealed that mEGFP positive cells derived from either Mhy11 or Acta 2 tagged medial vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to the majority of neointima formation (79 ± 17% and 81 ± 12%, respectively). (biomedcentral.com)
These data demonstrate that the majority of the neointima that forms following carotid ligation is derived from previously differentiated medial vascular smooth muscle cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the major contractile components of the vascular system. (biomedcentral.com)
Unlike skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, VSMCs are remarkably plastic and modulate their phenotype in response to extracellular cues during the development and progression of a variety of diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension, stenosis following injury and restenosis following vascular interventions. (biomedcentral.com)
The urokinase (uPA)/urokinase receptor (uPAR) multifunctional system is an important mediator of functional behaviour of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). (mdc-berlin.de)
Upstream regulators identified by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, predicted to participate in the regulation of gene expression upon α 2B -adrenoceptor activation in A7r5-α 2B vascular smooth muscle cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Macrophages and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are two of the major reactive cell types in atherosclerosis, a disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of SMCs. (houstonmethodist.org)
Here, we explored whether coronary artery adult human smooth muscle cells (AHSMCs) also release AGFs-enriched exosomes when cultured on 3D-SFnws in vitro. (univr.it)
Molecular regulation of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. (sc.edu)
BTC exhibits mitogenic activity for retinal pigment epithelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. (goldbio.com)
28acid it would seem to inactivateThe diagnosisOptions responses: assign the score belowon the tera - on the characteristics of the molecule, ofproliferation of smooth muscle cells, vascular [6]. (dmn.ca)
Capsaicin, the potent agonist of TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1), was found to mitigate hypoxic-related injury and reverse phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells. (qualitycounts.com)
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a key position within the initiation and amplification of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-associated vascular damage. (aabioetica.org)
Adult mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs] are multipotent stromal cells that can give rise to several cell types such as bone, muscle, cartilage, fat, and other tissues. (pensummed.pro)
Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, particularly in the large arteries, smaller arterioles and large veins. (fasting.ws)
Besides that,they maintain vascular homeostasis by positive effects on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. (ac.rs)
some to contend fusion into heterokaryons with resident cells, and neutrophils in response to sexual activity, 7 mg per day for roles of inhibitory sys- tem, the tonic release of growth factors, and nnos function, whereas blood flow-related mechano- vascular homeostasis. (psm.edu)
We confirmed that ET-1 increased NOX4 level and decreased glutathione peroxidase-1 level in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). (ewha.ac.kr)
COX-1 "predominates in vascular smooth muscle and collecting ducts, whereas COX2 predominates in the macula densa and nearby cells in the cortical thick ascending limb" [ 2 ]. (sportsmedreview.com)
Unexpectedly, these defects were not caused by loss of α5 from Pdgfrb-Cre expressing mural cells (pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells), which wrap around the endothelium and stabilise blood vessels, nor by defects in the heart or great vessels, but were due to abnormal development of the lymphatic vasculature. (uos.ac.uk)
As a consequence, α5-deficient mice develop dilated, blood-filled lymphatic vessels and lymphatic capillaries that are ectopically covered with smooth muscle cells. (uos.ac.uk)
The long-lasting pressor action of ET-1 may be ascribed to our previous finding that the dissociation of ET-1 from its specific binding sites on vascular smooth muscle cells is extremely slow. (elsevier.com)
Soon after cholesterol and fat start depositing on the lining of the blood vessels that supply your heart, the smooth muscle cells that give the blood vessels strength and flexibility start to get bigger and multiply. (loire-net.tv)
While scientists studying the phenomenon suspect these vascular smooth muscle cells are trying to help, this atypical behavior for these strong cells instead contributes to coronary artery disease, the most common type of heart disease in the United States. (loire-net.tv)
The endothelial cells that line our blood vessels are in constant communication with the layers of vascular smooth muscle cells that encase them and play a key role in regulating our blood pressure, says Yuqing Huo, MD, Ph.D. and director of the Vascular Inflammation Program in the Vascular Biology Center at MCG. (loire-net.tv)
Normally the smooth muscle cells provide strength… if they start to proliferate a lot, it changes their identity," Huo says. (loire-net.tv)
When they knocked ATIC out body wide as well as specifically in the vascular smooth muscle cells, it inhibited purine production, which decreased the production of DNA and RNA, and the subsequent proliferation of the smooth muscle cells. (loire-net.tv)
The response shows that the production of purine plays a key role in the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and pegs ATIC as a logical point to intervene, the scientists say. (loire-net.tv)
Huo's lab also plans to examine when vascular disease is not present, whether smooth muscle cells instead opt to use purine recycling to meet the much lower demand for protein rather than the multistep production process, which includes ATIC. (loire-net.tv)
A smooth muscle is composed of elongated spindle-shaped cells, each with a single nucleus. (rhumbarlv.com)
IL-6Ra in Smooth Muscle Cells Protects against Schistosoma- and Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension. (ucdenver.edu)
Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. (pediatriconcall.com)

Although U46619 did not alter coronary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation, this thromboxane mimetic enhanced the proliferation induced by serum, insulin and growth factors, which was significantly inhibited by EV-077. (unamur.be)
In conclusion, EV-077 inhibited TNFα-induced endothelial inflammation and reduced the enhancement of smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by a thromboxane mimetic, supporting that the thromboxane pathway may be associated with early atherosclerosis in terms of endothelial dysfunction and vascular hypertrophy. (unamur.be)
Emerging evidence suggests that the combination of stenting and targeted delivery of drugs with antiproliferative properties, aiming to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal hyperplasia, improves the outcomes of endoluminal treatments of distal vessel disease. (ptca.org)
Of key importance are the transcriptional regulatory events that coordinate the de-differentiation and proliferation of myocytes in response to vascular injury. (northwestern.edu)
Purpose: Abnormal potassium channels expression affects vessel function, including vascular tone and proliferation rate. (ewha.ac.kr)
According to several studies, this stress can lead to disruptions in arterial function, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle, decreases in circulating nitric oxide (NO) levels, and eventually vasocontraction of key coronary arteries. (livebuilder.net)

IGF immunostaining revealed the presence of the peptides in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium, bronchial glands, bronchial and vascular smooth muscle, endothelium, and macrophages. (cdc.gov)

The transduction of vascular myocytes with exogenous genetic material will be a common feature of many gene-based therapies for cardiovascular disorders. (northwestern.edu)
Muscles are composed of long bundles of myocytes or muscle fibers. (rhumbarlv.com)

The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. (kegg.jp)
Endothelial and VSMC components of vascular reactivity were explored by plethysmography measurement of forearm blood flow (FBF) during infusions of vasoactive agents into the brachial artery. (unina.it)
Our results demonstrate that SHP-2 plays an important role in uPA-directed signaling and functional control of human VSMC and suggest that this phosphatase might contribute to the pathogenesis of the uPA-related vascular remodeling. (mdc-berlin.de)

Prevention of vascular calcification by the endogenous chromogranin A-derived mediator that inhibits osteogenic transdifferentiation. (harvard.edu)
In this review, we summarize the current literature on vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and vascular calcification in relation to aneurysm. (vumc.nl)
Moreover, we address the role of vitamin K and VKDPs that are involved in vascular calcification and aneurysm. (vumc.nl)
Attenuating effect of magnesium on pulmonary arterial calcification in rodent models of pulmonary hypertension - J Hypertens 2022 Oct 1 - 'Vascular calcification has been considered as a potential therapeutic target in pulmonary hypertension. (qualitycounts.com)
The impact of vitamin K2 and native vitamin D supplementation on vascular calcification in pediatric patients on regular hemodialysis. (qualitycounts.com)
Eur J Clin Nutr 2021 Nov 29 - 'Vascular calcification is one of the most prevalent disorders in pediatric hemodialysis patients that eventually lead to cardiovascular morbidity. (qualitycounts.com)
Vitamin K status, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular disease in adults with chronic kidney disease: the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort - Am J Clin Nutr 2021 Nov 12 - 'Vascular calcification contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (qualitycounts.com)
Statins, vascular calcification, and vitamin K-dependent proteins: Is there a relation? (qualitycounts.com)
Adler Y, Fink N, Spector D, Wiser I, Sagie A. Mitral annulus calcification--a window to diffuse atherosclerosis of the vascular system. (medscape.com)
Johnson RC, Leopold JA, Loscalzo J. Vascular calcification: pathobiological mechanisms and clinical implications. (medscape.com)
Phosphate regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. (medscape.com)
Tim Beardsley … localized areas of skin become necrotic as a result of vascular calcification. (rhumbarlv.com)

These results support the novel concept that changes in BK channel subunit composition regulate arterial smooth muscle function. (jci.org)
TGFβ1 reinforces arterial aging in the vascular smooth muscle cell through a long-range regulation of the cytoskeletal stiffness. (jhmi.edu)
The purpose of the present study as to evaluate the effect of changes in intravascular pressure and the inflammatory mediator bradykinin on rat mesenteric arterial and venous vascular permeability. (bvsalud.org)
the abdominal fluid accumulation related to bowel inflammatory disease is more likely to be secondary to venous, as opposed to arterial vascular leakage. (bvsalud.org)
Based on pulse wave velocity (PWV), an innovative metric used by the medical community to assess arterial stiffness, vascular age is a key metric to give you a clearer picture of your heart's health. (withings.com)

The nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels. (harvard.edu)
Smooth muscle tumors are very rare in the oral cavity due to the scarcity of smooth muscle in this region, and arise mainly from tunnica media of blood vessels. (bvsalud.org)
Accumulation of glycogen in blood vessels can also lead to a number of vascular symptoms including dilative arteriopathy, aneurysms, ischemic stroke, lacunar encephalopathy, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and aortic stiffness. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
Chronic inflammation period: through TECAR warm or non-heat mode, it can help relieve shoulder pain, eliminate pain, build non-heat: static repair treatment, reduce speech and behavior edema, accelerate the discharge of pain-causing substances and the absorption of exuded substances, muscles, All the bones and blood vessels can be non-heat. (shockwave-therapymachine.com)

To further evaluate the role of vascular Bsg, we harvested pulmonary VSMCs from Bsg +/+ and Bsg +/ mice. (elsevier.com)
We found that whereas adult VSMCs are largely quiescent in healthy tissue, a small subset of VSMCs are activated and expand clonally after vascular injury. (ox.ac.uk)
Using a genetic fate mapping approach with tamoxifen regulated smooth muscle-specific cre recombinase and a dual color cre-dependent reporter gene we unequivocally show that the neointimal SMCs that arise following carotid artery ligation are largely derived from the previously differentiated medial VSMCs. (biomedcentral.com)

Novel Effector Molecules Regulating Smooth Muscle Cell Contractility in Marfan Syndrome: Phosphoprotein 1 Secreted by Fibroblasts. (harvard.edu)
Chitinase 3 like 1 is a regulator of smooth muscle cell physiology and atherosclerotic lesion stability. (harvard.edu)
A machine learning pipeline revealing heterogeneous responses to drug perturbations on vascular smooth muscle cell spheroid morphology and formation. (harvard.edu)
An association has been curated linking Fgf9 and negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching in Rattus norvegicus. (mcw.edu)
Vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction in patients with migraine. (unina.it)
p = 0.03).Conclusions: Patients with migraine are characterized by a distinct vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction, revealed by impaired cyclic guanosine monophosphate and hemodynamic response to nitric oxide. (unina.it)
Furthermore, we show that, through a functional IL-2R, IL-2 initiates signaling pathways and impacts vascular smooth muscle cell function. (wright.edu)
and 2) cell-cell communication in vascular tissue. (uwo.ca)
Olmesartan alleviates bleomycin-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell senescence via the miR-665/SDC1 axis. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, the successful application of cardiovascular gene therapy will require a thorough understanding of the molecular biology of the smooth muscle cell. (northwestern.edu)

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology , 32 (8), 1960-1969. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)

Vascular smooth muscle ROCK1 contributes to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension development in mice. (harvard.edu)
Mechanisms of pulmonary vascular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension and implications for novel therapies. (harvard.edu)
Hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by increased vascular tone. (jci.org)
However, the molecular mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction during acquired hypertension remain unresolved. (jci.org)
In this study we tested the hypothesis that a reduction in Ca2+ spark-BK channel coupling underlies vascular smooth muscle dysfunction during acquired hypertension. (jci.org)
Consistent with this, the contribution of BK channels to vascular tone was reduced during hypertension. (jci.org)
We conclude that downregulation of the β1 subunit of the BK channel contributes to vascular dysfunction in hypertension. (jci.org)
Use of pharmaceutical and lifestyle interventions that reduce blood pressure, in combination with treatments that promote microvascular health, have the potential to prevent or delay the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in patients with hypertension. (nature.com)
Hypertension is associated with ageing and significantly increases the risk of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. (nature.com)
Hypertension caused by increased vascular response to lead (7439921) was investigated in Wistar-rats. (cdc.gov)
2015. Maintenance of GLUT4 expression in smooth muscle prevents hypertension-induced changes in vascular reactivity. . (umich.edu)

Amongst the proposed benefits are the maintenance of endothelial function and vascular homeostasis and an associated reduction in atherogenesis and CVD risk. (cambridge.org)
Molecular and cellular mechanism that links obesity, diabetes and vascular disease, with a specific focus on the role of ubiquitin-proteasome system (Keap1-mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination and deubiquitinating enzymes, UCH-L1- or CYLD) in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. (sc.edu)

ABSTRACT We evaluated the prognostic value of serum endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. (who.int)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role in physiological vasculogenesis and vascular permeability and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. (who.int)

Molecular strategies to inhibit restenosis: modulation of the vascular myocyte phenotype. (northwestern.edu)
T2 - modulation of the vascular myocyte phenotype. (northwestern.edu)

In vivo and in vitro effects of lead on vascular reactivity in rats. (cdc.gov)

Finally, we demonstrate that IL-2 expression increases upon initiation of conditions that promote intimal hyperplasia, suggesting a mechanism by which the IL-2/IL-2R system may impact this widespread vascular pathology. (wright.edu)
This process is called phenotypic switching and is often the first step in vascular pathology. (vumc.nl)

In male C57Bl6J mice, ischemia-reperfusion was associated with pulmonary function changes, vascular inflammation, and airway immune infiltration. (rochester.edu)

Conclusions: These results indicate the crucial role of extracellular CyPA and vascular Bsg in the pathogenesis of PH. (elsevier.com)

Standard Monte-Carlo ways recommend a Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and Contractile Mechanisms 1982 of research, with the infection deploying cultic in users with triggered production. (passmore.org)
WorldCat presents the Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and Contractile Mechanisms 1982's largest l ID, creating you reward series aspects agricultural. (passmore.org)
In this review, we will summarize some of the potential reasons for this inconsistency, update the mechanisms of RCT, and highlight conditions in which impaired HDL function or RCT contributes to vascular disease. (nih.gov)
Mechanisms of embryology, in vitro tissue regeneration, coronary vascular and cardiac regeneration. (sc.edu)

I am pleased to announce that Donald Welsh, PhD, professor in the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and scientist at Robarts Research Institute, has been appointed to the position of the Cecil and Linda Rorabeck Chair in Molecular Neuroscience and Vascular Biology, at the Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University. (uwo.ca)
As the Cecil and Linda Rorabeck Chair in Molecular Neuroscience and Vascular Biology, Professor Welsh will join 450 active researchers at the Schulich Medicine & Dentistry with more than 130 million dollars in annual research funding and join more than 40 researchers within the Robarts Research Institute. (uwo.ca)

Because it is so high in protein and fiber, no added sugar, and has only 170 calories with only 4 net carbs, it is the go-to food for many SPECIFIC HEALTH NEEDS and challenges, including diabetes/blood sugar control, weight management/obesity, cardio/vascular health, senior health (muscle and bone support), and all-around physical fitness needs. (harristeeter.com)
Attributed Medicinal Properties for cardio vascular conditions are numerous. (fasting.ws)

The metabolism of these proteins is known to be disrupted in vascular pathologies. (vumc.nl)

Duplication of intracranial or cervical arteries is an infrequent type of vascular variant compared with anomalies involving other intracranial arteries. (radiologykey.com)
Vascular age is a health metric that provides a measurement of your arteries' age compared to others of the same chronological age. (withings.com)
CitraNOX provides a blend of targeted nutrients designed to help dampen this stress by maintaining normal inflammatory balance, balancing NO levels, maintaining smooth muscle integrity, and optimizing vasodilation of key coronary arteries. (livebuilder.net)

In unexposed lungs, TGFB antibodies demonstrated the minimal presence of TGF isoforms in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium, and rare presence in macrophages, cartilage, bronchial and vascular smooth muscle. (cdc.gov)
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) represents a central pathophysiological hallmark of bronchial asthma, with airway clean muscle (ASM) being the effector tissue implicated within the onset of AHR. (aabioetica.org)

Expression of a Functional IL-2 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cel" by Prakash Arumugam, Katie L. Carroll et al. (wright.edu)
Plasma kallikrein promotes epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation and signaling in vascular smooth muscle through direct activation of protease-activated receptors. (musc.edu)

its loss enhances angioge-nesis and vascular permeability [6]. (who.int)
peritoneal fluid accumulation is a common finding in many children with abdominal disorders and its generation secondary to increased vascular permeability. (bvsalud.org)
Vascular permeability to dextran was determined at 100, 200 and 300 % of physiological pressures. (bvsalud.org)
vascular permeability was present at all measurements for both vessels and its magnitude directly proportional to the intravascular pressure. (bvsalud.org)

Its diagnostic signature is the reversibility of airway obstruction by drug relaxing the airway smooth muscle (ASM), confirming the importance of this tissue in asthma symptoms. (hindawi.com)
C) The dermis contains smooth muscle and nervous tissue. (hardmix.net)

The goal of this review is to highlight what is known about the regulators of vascular myocyte transcription that may serve as candidate genes for the development of genetic strategies to manage postinterventional restenosis. (northwestern.edu)

A cartilage/ by cn iii) contracts and prevents enos nos and the anterior rami of the prostate, the primary measure has been culture and gender differ- ences between the muscles it innervates. (psm.edu)
All this thanks to the application of radiofrequency current that causes a thermal reaction in the tissues that stimulates the body's natural healing response with immediate antiinflammatory and analgesic effects on muscles, tendons, cartilage or bones ligaments. (shockwave-therapymachine.com)

Either side by masses of skeletal muscle, don strassberg: I m fascinated by the salpingopharyngeal folds. (psm.edu)
Myofiber necrosis (myonecrosis) is histologically characterized by 1 Page 2 Skeletal Muscle - Necrosis swollen, deeply eosinophilic, homogeneous myofibers that lack cross striations (hyalinization). (rhumbarlv.com)

Aortic aneurysm is a vascular disease whereby the ECM (extracellular matrix) of a blood vessel degenerates, leading to dilation and eventually vessel wall rupture. (vumc.nl)

The Vascular and Integrative Physiology (VIP) Lab studies vascular physiology and cardiovascular disease pathophysiology. (sc.edu)
Abnormal vascular smooth muscle (VSM) growth is central in the pathophysiology of vascular disease yet fully effective therapies to curb this growth are lacking. (ecu.edu)

Associated with increased incidence of aneurysms and vascular malformations. (radiologykey.com)

The mounting evidence for the influential effect of green tea catechins on vascular function from epidemiological, human intervention and animal studies is subject to review together with exploration of the potential mechanistic pathways involved. (cambridge.org)
Since there is a substantial inconsistency in the published data with regards to the impact of green tea catechins on vascular function, evaluation and interpretation of the inter- and intra-study variability is included. (cambridge.org)
In conclusion, a positive effect of green tea catechins on vascular function is becoming apparent. (cambridge.org)
There is an accumulating body of scientific literature from both human epidemiological and intervention studies which has demonstrated the positive impact of green tea catechins on vascular function. (cambridge.org)
The aim of the present paper is to review current scientific evidence for the effects of green tea and green tea catechins, specifically epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), on vascular health and function. (cambridge.org)

Caffeine damage in human corpus cavernous smooth muscle con- 3. (psm.edu)

Muscles contract by sliding the thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments along each other. (rhumbarlv.com)
What kind of filaments are in myofiber muscle? (rhumbarlv.com)
The Z-bands and the overlap of thin and thick filaments give muscle its cross-striated appearance. (rhumbarlv.com)

Anatomy44

Organisms8

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes19

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Chlamydial and human heat shock protein 60s activate human vascular endothelium, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. (1/15014)

Endothelial cells modulate the proliferation of mural cell precursors via platelet-derived growth factor-BB and heterotypic cell contact. (2/15014)

Anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor antibody inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in injured rat carotid arteries. (3/15014)

Vascular remodeling in response to altered blood flow is mediated by fibroblast growth factor-2. (4/15014)

Induction of serotonin transporter by hypoxia in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. Relationship with the mitogenic action of serotonin. (5/15014)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 is a novel mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells. (6/15014)

RNA antisense abrogation of MAT1 induces G1 phase arrest and triggers apoptosis in aortic smooth muscle cells. (7/15014)

JunB forms the majority of the AP-1 complex and is a target for redox regulation by receptor tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled receptor agonists in smooth muscle cells. (8/15014)

Muscle, Smooth

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

Muscles

Myocytes, Smooth Muscle

Muscle Proteins

Muscle, Skeletal

Muscle Contraction

Muscle Fibers, Skeletal

Muscle Development

Muscle Fatigue

Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch

Muscle Denervation

Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch

Mitochondria, Muscle

Oculomotor Muscles

Neck Muscles

Muscle, Striated

Cells, Cultured

Muscle Spindles

Muscle Relaxation

Respiratory Muscles

Papillary Muscles

Muscle Weakness

Muscle Cells

Abdominal Muscles

Quadriceps Muscle

Aorta

Isometric Contraction

Calcium

Rabbits

Masseter Muscle

Facial Muscles

Masticatory Muscles

Intercostal Muscles

Electromyography

Trachea

Muscular Atrophy

Pursuit, Smooth

Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle

Smooth Muscle Myosins

Actins

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Pectoralis Muscles

RNA, Messenger

Time Factors

Muscular Diseases

Electric Stimulation

Myosin Heavy Chains

Guinea Pigs

Myofibrils

Psoas Muscles

Hindlimb

Temporal Muscle

Rats, Wistar

Signal Transduction

Biomechanical Phenomena

Aorta, Thoracic

Membrane Potentials

Immunohistochemistry

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Phosphorylation

Pharyngeal Muscles

Neuromuscular Junction

Gene Expression Regulation

Diaphragm

Hypertrophy

Arteries

Motor Neurons

Glycogen

Acetylcholine

Kinetics

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor

Desmin

Cell Division

Muscular Dystrophy, Animal

Chickens

Molecular Sequence Data

Vasoconstriction

Gizzard

Cell Differentiation