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Muscle, SmoothMuscle, Smooth, VascularMusclesMyocytes, Smooth MuscleMuscle ProteinsMuscle, SkeletalMuscle ContractionMuscle Fibers, SkeletalMuscle DevelopmentMuscle FatigueMuscle Fibers, Fast-TwitchMuscle DenervationMuscle Fibers, Slow-TwitchMitochondria, MuscleOculomotor MusclesNeck MusclesMuscle, StriatedCells, CulturedMuscle SpindlesMuscle RelaxationRespiratory MusclesPapillary MusclesMuscle WeaknessMuscle CellsAbdominal MusclesQuadriceps MuscleAortaIsometric ContractionCalciumRabbitsMasseter MuscleFacial MusclesMasticatory MusclesIntercostal MusclesElectromyographyTracheaMuscular AtrophyPursuit, SmoothSatellite Cells, Skeletal MuscleSmooth Muscle MyosinsActinsRats, Sprague-DawleyPectoralis MusclesRNA, MessengerTime FactorsMuscular DiseasesElectric StimulationMyosin Heavy ChainsGuinea PigsMyofibrilsPsoas MusclesHindlimbTemporal MuscleRats, WistarSignal TransductionBiomechanical PhenomenaAorta, ThoracicMembrane PotentialsImmunohistochemistryDose-Response Relationship, DrugPhosphorylationPharyngeal MusclesNeuromuscular JunctionGene Expression RegulationDiaphragmHypertrophyArteriesMotor NeuronsGlycogenAcetylcholineKineticsPlatelet-Derived Growth FactorDesminCell DivisionMuscular Dystrophy, AnimalChickensMolecular Sequence DataVasoconstrictionGizzardCell DifferentiationMyoblastsDogsEnzyme InhibitorsMyocardiumMice, Inbred C57BLPulmonary ArteryMuscle CrampPotassium ChlorideEndothelium, VascularCattleModels, BiologicalEndoplasmic Reticulum, SmoothUrinary BladderBlotting, WesternGene ExpressionCarbacholStress, MechanicalPotassiumTropomyosinAdenosine Triphosphate
Muscle, Smooth
Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular
The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.
Muscles
Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.
Myocytes, Smooth Muscle
Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).
Muscle Proteins
The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.
Muscle, Skeletal
A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.
Muscle Fibers, Skeletal
Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.
Muscle Development
Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage.
Muscle Fatigue
A state arrived at through prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle. Studies in athletes during prolonged submaximal exercise have shown that muscle fatigue increases in almost direct proportion to the rate of muscle glycogen depletion. Muscle fatigue in short-term maximal exercise is associated with oxygen lack and an increased level of blood and muscle lactic acid, and an accompanying increase in hydrogen-ion concentration in the exercised muscle.
Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch
Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified.
Muscle Denervation
The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue.
Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch
Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type I MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have low ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment.
Mitochondria, Muscle
Mitochondria of skeletal and smooth muscle. It does not include myocardial mitochondria for which MITOCHONDRIA, HEART is available.
Oculomotor Muscles
The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.
Neck Muscles
The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus).
Muscle, Striated
One of two types of muscle in the body, characterized by the array of bands observed under microscope. Striated muscles can be divided into two subtypes: the CARDIAC MUSCLE and the SKELETAL MUSCLE.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Muscle Spindles
Skeletal muscle structures that function as the MECHANORECEPTORS responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (REFLEX, STRETCH). They are composed of a bundle of encapsulated SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, i.e., the intrafusal fibers (nuclear bag 1 fibers, nuclear bag 2 fibers, and nuclear chain fibers) innervated by SENSORY NEURONS.
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.
Respiratory Muscles
These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.
Papillary Muscles
Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.
Muscle Weakness
A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)
Muscle Cells
Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (MUSCLE FIBERS, SKELETAL), cardiac (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC), and smooth (MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called MYOBLASTS.
Abdominal Muscles
Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. (from Stedman, 25th ed)
Quadriceps Muscle
The quadriceps femoris. A collective name of the four-headed skeletal muscle of the thigh, comprised of the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.
Aorta
The main trunk of the systemic arteries.
Isometric Contraction
Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Rabbits
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
Masseter Muscle
A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws.
Facial Muscles
Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Masticatory Muscles
Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Intercostal Muscles
Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib, and contract during inspiration or respiration. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Electromyography
Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.
Trachea
The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.
Pursuit, Smooth
Eye movements that are slow, continuous, and conjugate and occur when a fixed object is moved slowly.
Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle
Elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblasts lying in close contact with adult skeletal muscle. They are thought to play a role in muscle repair and regeneration.
Smooth Muscle Myosins
Myosin type II isoforms found in smooth muscle.
Actins
Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Pectoralis Muscles
The pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles that make up the upper and fore part of the chest in front of the AXILLA.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Electric Stimulation
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
Myosin Heavy Chains
The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.
Guinea Pigs
A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.
Myofibrils
The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .
Psoas Muscles
A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology.
Hindlimb
Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)
Temporal Muscle
A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws; its posterior portion retracts the mandible.
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Biomechanical Phenomena
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
Aorta, Thoracic
The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.
Membrane Potentials
The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Phosphorylation
The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.
Pharyngeal Muscles
The muscles of the PHARYNX are voluntary muscles arranged in two layers. The external circular layer consists of three constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior). The internal longitudinal layer consists of the palatopharyngeus, the salpingopharyngeus, and the stylopharyngeus. During swallowing, the outer layer constricts the pharyngeal wall and the inner layer elevates pharynx and LARYNX.
Neuromuscular Junction
The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.
Gene Expression Regulation
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.
Diaphragm
The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).
Arteries
The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
Motor Neurons
Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.
Glycogen
Acetylcholine
A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
Mitogenic peptide growth hormone carried in the alpha-granules of platelets. It is released when platelets adhere to traumatized tissues. Connective tissue cells near the traumatized region respond by initiating the process of replication.
Desmin
An intermediate filament protein found predominantly in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. Localized at the Z line. MW 50,000 to 55,000 is species dependent.
Cell Division
The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal
Chickens
Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Vasoconstriction
The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Gizzard
Cell Differentiation
Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.
Myoblasts
Embryonic (precursor) cells of the myogenic lineage that develop from the MESODERM. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL; MYOCYTES, CARDIAC; MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE).
Dogs
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
Enzyme Inhibitors
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
Myocardium
The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Pulmonary Artery
The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.
Muscle Cramp
A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)
Potassium Chloride
A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.
Endothelium, Vascular
Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.
Cattle
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth
A type of endoplasmic reticulum lacking associated ribosomes on the membrane surface. It exhibits a wide range of specialized metabolic functions including supplying enzymes for steroid synthesis, detoxification, and glycogen breakdown. In muscle cells, smooth endoplasmic reticulum is called SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
Urinary Bladder
A musculomembranous sac along the URINARY TRACT. URINE flows from the KIDNEYS into the bladder via the ureters (URETER), and is held there until URINATION.
Blotting, Western
Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.
Gene Expression
The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.
Carbachol
A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.
Stress, Mechanical
A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.
Potassium
An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
Tropomyosin
A protein found in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. It inhibits contraction of the muscle unless its position is modified by TROPONIN.
Adenosine Triphosphate
An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase
An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and CALMODULIN. The 20-kDa light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.
Mice, Inbred mdx
A strain of mice arising from a spontaneous MUTATION (mdx) in inbred C57BL mice. This mutation is X chromosome-linked and produces viable homozygous animals that lack the muscle protein DYSTROPHIN, have high serum levels of muscle ENZYMES, and possess histological lesions similar to human MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. The histological features, linkage, and map position of mdx make these mice a worthy animal model of DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY.
Sarcomeres
The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that assist with muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions.
MyoD Protein
A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Though it is not clear how its function differs from the other myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD appears to be related to fusion and terminal differentiation of the muscle cell.
Regeneration
The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.
Bronchi
The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.
Caffeine
A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.
Leg
The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.
Myostatin
A growth differentiation factor that is a potent inhibitor of SKELETAL MUSCLE growth. It may play a role in the regulation of MYOGENESIS and in muscle maintenance during adulthood.
Physical Exertion
Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.
Cats
The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)
Electrophysiology
The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis
Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the sis gene (GENES, SIS). c-sis proteins make up the B chain of PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR. Overexpression of c-sis causes tumorigenesis.
Muscle Stretching Exercises
Exercises that stretch the muscle fibers with the aim to increase muscle-tendon FLEXIBILITY, improve RANGE OF MOTION or musculoskeletal function, and prevent injuries. There are various types of stretching techniques including active, passive (relaxed), static, dynamic (gentle), ballistic (forced), isometric, and others.
Phenotype
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Exercise
Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.
Tunica Intima
The innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells and supported by an internal elastic lamina.
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Muscle Rigidity
Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)
Insulin
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
Cell Proliferation
All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.
Dystrophin
A muscle protein localized in surface membranes which is the product of the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy gene. Individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually lack dystrophin completely while those with Becker muscular dystrophy have dystrophin of an altered size. It shares features with other cytoskeletal proteins such as SPECTRIN and alpha-actinin but the precise function of dystrophin is not clear. One possible role might be to preserve the integrity and alignment of the plasma membrane to the myofibrils during muscle contraction and relaxation. MW 400 kDa.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Muscle Relaxants, Central
A heterogeneous group of drugs used to produce muscle relaxation, excepting the neuromuscular blocking agents. They have their primary clinical and therapeutic uses in the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. They have been used also for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p358)
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.
Cell Movement
The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.
Mesenteric Arteries
Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.
Vasoconstrictor Agents
Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.
Sarcolemma
The excitable plasma membrane of a muscle cell. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)
Coronary Vessels
The veins and arteries of the HEART.
Protein Isoforms
Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.
Rats, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
Tendons
Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.
Calmodulin-Binding Proteins
Proteins which bind calmodulin. They are found in many tissues and have a variety of functions including F-actin cross-linking properties, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and calcium and magnesium ATPases.
Muscle Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in muscle tissue or specific muscles. They are differentiated from NEOPLASMS, MUSCLE TISSUE which are neoplasms composed of skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscle tissue, such as MYOSARCOMA or LEIOMYOMA.
Carotid Artery Injuries
Damages to the CAROTID ARTERIES caused either by blunt force or penetrating trauma, such as CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; THORACIC INJURIES; and NECK INJURIES. Damaged carotid arteries can lead to CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; pseudoaneurysm formation; and INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997, 18:251; J Trauma 1994, 37:473)
Angiotensin II
An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.
Physical Endurance
The time span between the beginning of physical activity by an individual and the termination because of exhaustion.
Calcium Signaling
Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.
Myoblasts, Skeletal
Precursor cells destined to differentiate into skeletal myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL).
Glucose
A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.
Action Potentials
Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Oxygen Consumption
The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)
Cyclic GMP
Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Anura
An order of the class Amphibia, which includes several families of frogs and toads. They are characterized by well developed hind limbs adapted for jumping, fused head and trunk and webbed toes. The term "toad" is ambiguous and is properly applied only to the family Bufonidae.
Creatine Kinase
A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.
Hindlimb Suspension
Technique for limiting use, activity, or movement by immobilizing or restraining animal by suspending from hindlimbs or tails. This immobilization is used to simulate some effects of reduced gravity and study weightlessness physiology.
Enzyme Activation
Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.
Calcium Channels
Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.
Thigh
The portion of the leg in humans and other animals found between the HIP and KNEE.
Mice, Transgenic
Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.
Muscular Dystrophies
A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.
Norepinephrine
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
Vasodilation
The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Ileum
The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.
Histocytochemistry
Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.
Pterygoid Muscles
Two of the masticatory muscles: the internal, or medial, pterygoid muscle and external, or lateral, pterygoid muscle. Action of the former is closing the jaws and that of the latter is opening the jaws, protruding the mandible, and moving the mandible from side to side.
Skeletal Muscle Myosins
Myosin type II isoforms found in skeletal muscle.
Myoblasts, Smooth Muscle
Precursor cells destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes (MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE).
Rats, Inbred WKY
A strain of Rattus norvegicus used as a normotensive control for the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).
Organ Specificity
Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.
Regional Blood Flow
The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.
Phosphocreatine
An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)
Movement
The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.
Muscle Spasticity
A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a "free interval") followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)
Myogenin
A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Myogenin is induced during differentiation of every skeletal muscle cell line that has been investigated, in contrast to the other myogenic regulatory factors that only appear in certain cell types.
Torque
The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.
Smooth Muscle Tumor
A tumor composed of smooth muscle tissue, as opposed to leiomyoma, a tumor derived from smooth muscle.
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.
Adaptation, Physiological
The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.
Heart
The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.
Organ Size
The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.
Receptors, Cholinergic
Cell surface proteins that bind acetylcholine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Cholinergic receptors are divided into two major classes, muscarinic and nicotinic, based originally on their affinity for nicotine and muscarine. Each group is further subdivided based on pharmacology, location, mode of action, and/or molecular biology.
Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase
A phosphoprotein phosphatase that is specific for MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. It is composed of three subunits, which include a catalytic subunit, a myosin binding subunit, and a third subunit of unknown function.
Isoenzymes
Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.
Vasodilator Agents
Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
Energy Metabolism
The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.
Muscle Strength Dynamometer
A device that measures MUSCLE STRENGTH during muscle contraction, such as gripping, pushing, and pulling. It is used to evaluate the health status of muscle in sports medicine or physical therapy.
Calcium Channel Blockers
A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.
Calcium-Binding Proteins
Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.
Up-Regulation
A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.
rho-Associated Kinases
A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.
Phenylephrine
An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Myometrium
The smooth muscle coat of the uterus, which forms the main mass of the organ.
Reflex, Stretch
Reflex contraction of a muscle in response to stretching, which stimulates muscle proprioceptors.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Transcription Factors
Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.
Nifedipine
A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Tissue Distribution
Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.
Penis
The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra.
Myosin Subfragments
Parts of the myosin molecule resulting from cleavage by proteolytic enzymes (PAPAIN; TRYPSIN; or CHYMOTRYPSIN) at well-localized regions. Study of these isolated fragments helps to delineate the functional roles of different parts of myosin. Two of the most common subfragments are myosin S-1 and myosin S-2. S-1 contains the heads of the heavy chains plus the light chains and S-2 contains part of the double-stranded, alpha-helical, heavy chain tail (myosin rod).
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The evolution of early fibromuscular lesions hemodynamically induced in the dog renal artery. I. Light and transmission electron microscopy. (1/9487)

In view of the important roles of arterial intimal fibromuscular lesions as precursors of atherosclerotic plaque and occlusive lesions in arterial reconstructions, a model has been developed for the rapid hemodynamic induction of these lesions by anastomosis of the dog right renal artery to the inferior vena cava. Light and transmission electron microscopic observations were made on the arterial shunt after periods of rapid flow ranging form 10 minutes to 2 hours to identify initial factor(s) and evolutionary mechanisms in the etiology of the lesions. The sequence of events included aberrations in ruthenium red staining of the endothelial luminal membrane at 10 minutes, multilayered thickening of the subendothelial basement membrane (BM) at 15 minutes, and initial reorientation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMC) into the intima along with the appearance of areas of degeneration of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) at 30 minutes. The endothelial cells were still intact in some areas overlying the SMC migration and IEL degeneration, but they were separating from the surface in other such areas. As subendothelium became exposed, some platelet adherence was noted. By 2 hours, the entire wall reaction was fully developed. Initial observations indicate that in the evolution of this hemodynamically induced lesion visible alteration in the endothelial cells is not prerequisite to degeneration of the underlying IEL and reorientation and migration of medial SMC.  (+info)

Inhibition of in vitro enteric neuronal development by endothelin-3: mediation by endothelin B receptors. (2/9487)

The terminal colon is aganglionic in mice lacking endothelin-3 or its receptor, endothelin B. To analyze the effects of endothelin-3/endothelin B on the differentiation of enteric neurons, E11-13 mouse gut was dissociated, and positive and negative immunoselection with antibodies to p75(NTR )were used to isolate neural crest- and non-crest-derived cells. mRNA encoding endothelin B was present in both the crest-and non-crest-derived cells, but that encoding preproendothelin-3 was detected only in the non-crest-derived population. The crest- and non-crest-derived cells were exposed in vitro to endothelin-3, IRL 1620 (an endothelin B agonist), and/or BQ 788 (an endothelin B antagonist). Neurons and glia developed only in cultures of crest-derived cells, and did so even when endothelin-3 was absent and BQ 788 was present. Endothelin-3 inhibited neuronal development, an effect that was mimicked by IRL 1620 and blocked by BQ 788. Endothelin-3 failed to stimulate the incorporation of [3H]thymidine or bromodeoxyuridine. Smooth muscle development in non-crest-derived cell cultures was promoted by endothelin-3 and inhibited by BQ 788. In contrast, transcription of laminin alpha1, a smooth muscle-derived promoter of neuronal development, was inhibited by endothelin-3, but promoted by BQ 788. Neurons did not develop in explants of the terminal bowel of E12 ls/ls (endothelin-3-deficient) mice, but could be induced to do so by endothelin-3 if a source of neural precursors was present. We suggest that endothelin-3/endothelin B normally prevents the premature differentiation of crest-derived precursors migrating to and within the fetal bowel, enabling the precursor population to persist long enough to finish colonizing the bowel.  (+info)

Cloning and characterization of the promoters of the maxiK channel alpha and beta subunits. (3/9487)

Large conductance, calcium-activated potassium (maxiK) channels are expressed in nerve, muscle, and other cell types and are important determinants of smooth muscle tone. To determine the mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of maxiK channels, we characterized the promoter regions of the pore forming (alpha) and regulatory (beta) subunits of the human channel complex. Maximum promoter activity (up to 12.3-fold over control) occurred between nucleotides -567 and -220 for the alpha subunit (hSlo) gene. The minimal promoter is GC-rich with 5 Sp-1 binding sites and several TCC repeats. Other transcription factor-binding motifs, including c/EBP, NF-kB, PU.1, PEA-3, Myo-D, and E2A, were observed in the 5'-flanking sequence. Additionally, a CCTCCC sequence, which increases the transcriptional activity of the SM1/2 gene in smooth muscle, is located 27 bp upstream of the TATA-like sequence, a location identical to that found in the SM1/2 5'-flanking region. However, the promoter directed equivalent expression when transfected into smooth muscle and other cell types. Analysis of the hSlo beta subunit 5'-flanking region revealed a TATA box at position -77 and maximum promoter activity (up to 11.0-fold) in a 200 bp region upstream from the cap site. Binding sites for GATA-1, Myo-D, c-myb, Ets-1/Elk-1, Ap-1, and Ik-2 were identified within this sequence. Two CCTCCC elements are present in the hSlo beta subunit promoter, but tissue-specific transcriptional activity was not observed. The lack of tissue-specific promoter activity, particularly the finding of promoter activity in cells from tissues in which the maxiK gene is not expressed, suggests a complex channel regulatory mechanism for hSlo genes. Moreover, the lack of similarity of the promoters of the two genes suggests that regulation of coordinate expression of the subunits does not occur through equivalent cis-acting sequences.  (+info)

99mTc-labeled vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor agonist: functional studies. (4/9487)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a naturally occurring 28-amino acid peptide with a wide range of biological activities. Recent reports suggest that VIP receptors are expressed on a variety of malignant tumor cells and that the receptor density is higher than for somatostatin. Our aims were to label VIP with 99mTc--a generator-produced, inexpensive radionuclide that possesses ideal characteristics for scintigraphic imaging--and to evaluate 99mTc-VIP for bioactivity and its ability to detect experimental tumors. METHODS: VIP28 was modified at the carboxy terminus by the addition of four amino acids that provided an N4 configuration for a strong chelation of 99mTc. To eliminate steric hindrance, 4-aminobutyric acid (Aba) was used as a spacer. VIP28 was labeled with 1251, which served as a control. Biological activity of the modified VIP28 agonist (TP3654) was examined in vitro using a cell-binding assay and an opossum internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle relaxivity assay. Tissue distribution studies were performed at 4 and 24 h after injection, and receptor-blocking assays were also performed in nude mice bearing human colorectal cancer LS174T. Blood clearance was examined in normal Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS: The yield of 99mTc-TP3654 was quantitative, and the yields of 125I-VIP and 1251-TP3654 were >90%. All in vitro data strongly suggested that the biological activity of 99mTc-TP3654 agonist was equivalent to that of VIP28. As the time after injection increased, radioactivity in all tissues decreased, except in the receptor-enriched tumor (P = 0.84) and in the lungs (P = 0.78). The tumor uptake (0.23 percentage injected dose per gram of tissue [%ID/g]) was several-fold higher than 125I-VIP (0.06 %ID/g) at 24 h after injection in the similar system. In mice treated with unlabeled VIP or TP3654, the uptake of 99mTc-TP3654 decreased in all VIP receptor-rich tissues except the kidneys. The blood clearance was biphasic; the alpha half-time was 5 min and the beta half-time was approximately 120 min. CONCLUSION: VIP28 was modified and successfully labeled with 99mTc. The results of all in vitro examinations indicated that the biological activity of TP3654 was equivalent to that of native VIP28 and tumor binding was receptor specific.  (+info)

Properties of filament-bound myosin light chain kinase. (5/9487)

Myosin light chain kinase binds to actin-containing filaments from cells with a greater affinity than to F-actin. However, it is not known if this binding in cells is regulated by Ca2+/calmodulin as it is with F-actin. Therefore, the binding properties of the kinase to stress fibers were examined in smooth muscle-derived A7r5 cells. Full-length myosin light chain kinase or a truncation mutant lacking residues 2-142 was expressed as chimeras containing green fluorescent protein at the C terminus. In intact cells, the full-length kinase bound to stress fibers, whereas the truncated kinase showed diffuse fluorescence in the cytoplasm. After permeabilization with saponin, the fluorescence from the truncated kinase disappeared, whereas the fluorescence of the full-length kinase was retained on stress fibers. Measurements of fluorescence intensities and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of the full-length myosin light chain kinase in saponin-permeable cells showed that Ca2+/calmodulin did not dissociate the kinase from these filaments. However, the filament-bound kinase was sufficient for Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain and contraction of stress fibers. Thus, dissociation of myosin light chain kinase from actin-containing thin filaments is not necessary for phosphorylation of myosin light chain in thick filaments. We note that the distance between the N terminus and the catalytic core of the kinase is sufficient to span the distance between thin and thick filaments.  (+info)

Phenotypic and functional characterisation of myofibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes migrating out of the human gastric lamina propria following the loss of epithelial cells. (6/9487)

BACKGROUND: The basement membrane of human colonic mucosa contains numerous discrete pores. We have recently shown that following loss of the surface epithelium, many cells migrate out of the colonic lamina propria via basement membrane pores. AIMS: To characterise cells migrating out via basement membrane pores of the human gastric lamina propria, following loss of the surface epithelium. METHODS: Fresh human gastric mucosal samples were completely denuded of epithelial cells and placed in culture. Tissue samples were studied by electron microscopy (EM) and cells by EM, FACS analysis, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: EM showed numerous discrete pores (0. 65-8.29 microm in diameter) in the subepithelial basement membrane. During culture of mucosal samples denuded of epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and myofibroblasts migrated out of the lamina propria via the basement membrane pores. The lymphocytes were predominantly CD45RO+ and CD69+ T cells. Macrophages were shown to express cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 enzymes. Myofibroblasts were established in culture and, despite prolonged culture and passage, retained their phenotype. They expressed mRNA and protein for COX 1 and 2 enzymes and their release of prostaglandin E2 was inhibited by selective COX 1 and 2 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: Lamina propria cells migrating out of cultured denuded gastric mucosal samples have been characterised phenotypically and functionally. Such cells would be suitable for studies of their interactions with epithelial cells and also with Helicobacter pylori and its products.  (+info)

Nerve terminal damage by beta-bungarotoxin: its clinical significance. (7/9487)

We report here original data on the biological basis of prolonged neuromuscular paralysis caused by the toxic phospholipase A2 beta-bungarotoxin. Electron microscopy and immunocytochemical labeling with anti-synaptophysin and anti-neurofilament have been used to show that the early onset of paralysis is associated with the depletion of synaptic vesicles from the motor nerve terminals of skeletal muscle and that this is followed by the destruction of the motor nerve terminal and the degeneration of the cytoskeleton of the intramuscular axons. The postjunctional architecture of the junctions were unaffected and the binding of fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated alpha-bungarotoxin to acetylcholine receptor was not apparently affected by exposure to beta-bungarotoxin. The re-innervation of the muscle fiber was associated by extensive pre- and post-terminal sprouting at 3 to 5 days but was stable by 7 days. Extensive collateral innervation of adjacent muscle fibers was a significant feature of the re-innervated neuromuscular junctions. These findings suggest that the prolonged and severe paralysis seen in victims of envenoming bites by kraits (elapid snakes of the genus Bungarus) and other related snakes of the family Elapidae is caused by the depletion of synaptic vesicles from motor nerve terminals and the degeneration of the motor nerve terminal and intramuscular axons.  (+info)

Uterine peristalsis during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle: effects of oestrogen, antioestrogen and oxytocin. (8/9487)

Uterine peristalsis, directing sustained and rapid sperm transport from the external cervical os or the cervical crypts to the isthmic part of the tube ipsilateral to the dominant follicle, changes in direction and frequency during the menstrual cycle, with lowest activity during menstruation and highest activity at mid cycle. It was therefore suggested that uterine peristalsis is under the control of the dominant follicle with the additional involvement of oxytocin. To test this hypothesis, vaginal sonography of uterine peristalsis was performed in the early, mid and late proliferative phases, respectively, of cycles of women treated with oestradiol valerate and with human menopausal gonadotrophin following pituitary downregulation, with clomiphene citrate and with intravenous oxytocin, respectively. Administration of oestradiol valerate resulted in oestradiol serum concentrations comparable with the normal cycle with a simulation of the normal frequency of peristaltic contractions. Elevated oestradiol concentrations and bolus injections of oxytocin resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of peristaltic contractions in the early and mid follicular phases, respectively. Chlomiphene tended, though insignificantly so, to suppress the frequency of peristaltic waves in the presence of elevated oestradiol concentrations. In the late follicular phase of the cycle extremely elevated oestradiol concentrations as well as the injection of oxytocin resulted only in an insignificant further increase of peristaltic frequency. In the normal cycles, as well as during extremely elevated oestradiol concentrations and following oxytocin administration, the peristaltic contractions were always confined to the subendometrial layer of the muscular wall. The results and the review of literature indicate that uterine peristalsis during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is controlled by oestradiol released from the dominant follicle with the probable involvement of oxytocin, which is presumably stimulated together with its receptor within the endometrial-subendometrial unit and therefore acting in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. Since unphysiological stimulation with oestradiol and oxytocin did not significantly increase the frequency of uterine peristalsis in the late follicular phase of the cycle it is assumed that normal preovulatory frequency of uterine peristalsis is at a level which cannot be significantly surpassed due to phenomena of refractoriness of the system.  (+info)

Collagen synthesis by human intestinal smooth muscle cells in cultureCollagen synthesis by human intestinal smooth muscle cells in culture
Growth kinetics and collagen production were determined in smooth muscle cells isolated from human jejunum and maintained in cell culture. Collagen synthesis increased during the first 15 days in culture at a time when the rate of cell proliferation was maximal. When confluent, these cells produced significantly more collagen than human dermal fibroblasts cultured under identical conditions. The smooth muscle cells required daily replenishment of ascorbate for maximal collagen synthesis. The types of collagen produced by human intestinal smooth muscle cells in culture were the same as those collagens extracted from strictured human bowel (types I, III, and V). These findings suggest that collagen production by human intestinal smooth muscle cells has a role in the repair as well as the fibrosis of the gastrointestinal tract. © 1987 ...
http://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub940748
Human Gastric Smooth Muscle Cells (HGSMC) | Creative BioarrayHuman Gastric Smooth Muscle Cells (HGSMC) | Creative Bioarray
Smooth muscle is responsible for the contractility of hollow organs, such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, and the uterus. Its structure differs greatly from that of skeletal muscle. The human stomach contains three layers of muscle in its walls, the outer longitudinal, the middle circular and the inner oblique and visceral smooth muscle cells makes up all three layers along the entire organ. Smooth muscle contraction is critical to peristalsis in the human stomach and the contraction may be mediated by activation of phospholipase through two distinct mechanisms (increased intracellular Ca2+ and G protein activation) and activating PKCepsilon-dependent mechanisms. In vitro study also shows that gastric smooth muscle cells express ET and eNOS and both calcium and sodium may be involved as current carriers in the generation of the plateau potential.HGSMC from Bioarray Research Laboratories are isolated from the human stomach. HGSMC are cryopreserved at secondary culture ...
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/Human-Gastric-Smooth-Muscle-Cells-HGSMC-CSC-7779W-item-1834.htm
A novel Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx pathway activated by mechanical stretch in human airway smooth muscle...A novel Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx pathway activated by mechanical stretch in human airway smooth muscle...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A novel Ca2+ influx pathway activated by mechanical stretch in human airway smooth muscle cells. AU - Ito, Satoru. AU - Kume, Hiroaki. AU - Naruse, Keiji. AU - Kondo, Masashi. AU - Takeda, Naoya. AU - Iwata, Susumu. AU - Hasegawa, Yoshinori. AU - Sokabe, Masahiro. PY - 2008/4/1. Y1 - 2008/4/1. N2 - In response to mechanical stretch, airway smooth muscle exhibits various cellular functions such as contraction, proliferation, and cytoskeletal remodeling, all of which are implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma. We tested the hypothesis that mechanical stretch of airway smooth muscle cells increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+] i) by activating stretch-activated (SA) nonselective cation channels. A single uniaxial stretch (3 s) was given to human bronchial smooth muscle cells cultured on an elastic silicone membrane. After the mechanical stretch, a transient increase in [Ca2+]i was observed. The [Ca 2+]i increase was significantly dependent on stretch amplitude. The ...
https://pure.fujita-hu.ac.jp/en/publications/a-novel-casup2sup-influx-pathway-activated-by-mechanical-stretch-
PPARγ ligand ciglitazone inhibits TNFα-induced ICAM-1 in human airway smooth muscle cells<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - PPARγ ligand ciglitazone inhibits TNFα-induced ICAM-1 in human airway smooth muscle cells. AU - Huang, Chien Da. AU - Hsiung, Te Chih. AU - Ho, Shu Chuan. AU - Lee, Kang Yun. AU - Chan, Yao Fei. AU - Kuo, Li Wei. AU - Lin, Shu Min. AU - Wang, Chun Hua. AU - Lin, Horng Chyuan. AU - Kuo, Han Pin. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Background: Modification of human airway smooth muscle (ASM) function by proinflammatory cytokines has been regarded as a potential mechanism underlying bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Human ASM cells express intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 in response to cytokines. Synthetic ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ reportedly possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we examined whether ciglitazone, a synthetic PPARγ ligand, can modulate the basal and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-induced ICAM1 gene expression in human ASM cells. Methods: Human ASM cells were treated with TNFα. ICAM-1 ...
https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/zh/publications/ppar%CE%B3-ligand-ciglitazone-inhibits-tnf%CE%B1-induced-icam-1-in-human-ai
Diagram Of Smooth Muscle - localprivate.info
Organization of cytoskeletal and myofilament elements in smooth at muscles. Diagram Of Smooth Muscle delightful to be able to the website, on this period I will teach you regarding Diagram of smooth muscle.. Now, here is the very first impression, diagram of smooth muscle, diagram of smooth muscle cells, diagram of smooth muscle tissue, diagram of smooth muscle contraction, labelled diagram of smooth muscle cell, labelled diagram of smooth muscle, histological diagram of smooth muscle, diagram of smooth cardiac and skeletal muscles :. ...
http://localprivate.info/diagram-of-smooth-muscle/
Smooth muscle - wikidocSmooth muscle - wikidoc
Smooth muscle fibers are spindle-shaped, and, like all muscle, can contract and relax. In the relaxed state, each cell is spindle-shaped, 20-500 micrometers long, and 5 micrometers wide.[1] There are two types of smooth muscle arrangements in the body: multi-unit and single-unit. The single-unit type, also called unitary smooth muscle, is far more common. Whereas the former presents itself as distinct muscle fibers that are usually activated by their own nerve fibers, the latter operate as a single unit and are arranged in sheets or bundles. Unitary smooth muscle is also commonly referred to as visceral smooth muscle because it is found in the walls of the viscera, or internal organs, of the body, including the intestines, ducts such as the bile ducts, ureters and oviducts, and most blood vessels.[2] Unitary smooth muscle can be further divided into phasic and tonic. The cells that compose smooth muscle have, in general, single nuclei. The cells are arranged in sheets or bundles and connected by ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Smooth_muscle_cells
Smooth muscle cell - The School of Biomedical Sciences Wiki
Smooth muscle has elongated spindle shaped cells with a single nucleus. Unlike skeletal muscle, which appears striated when stained and viewed under a light microscope, the contractile filaments in smooth muscle cells arent arranged in such an ordered, linear way. The contractile proteins are actin and myosin, the same as in skeletal muscle cells.The amount of myosin in smooth muscle cells is considerably less than in cells of skeletal muscle; the ratio of actin to myosin is about 15:1 for smooth muscle, compared to only 2:1. Smooth muscle cells are located within the walls of tubular or hollow organs or vessels for structural support. These can be divided into subtypes of smooth muscle cells; those in the vascular system, respiratory system, intestines, the eye and reproductive organs.[1] Contraction of smooth muscle is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, meaning its movements are primarily involuntary. However, as opposed to skeletal muscle, it can also be controlled by chemical and ...
https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php?title=Smooth_muscle_cell&oldid=19016
Efficient temporally-controlled targeted mutagenesis in smooth muscle cells of the adult mouse. - Inserm
To generate temporally-controlled targeted somatic mutations selectively and efficiently in smooth muscles, we have established a transgenic SMA-Cre-ER(T2) mouse line in which the expression of the Tamoxifen-dependent Cre-ER(T2) recombinase is under the control of a large genomic DNA segment of the mouse smooth muscle alpha actin (SMA) gene, contained in a Bacterial artificial chromosome (Bac). In this transgenic mouse line, Cre-ER(T2)-mediated recombination of LoxP-flanked target DNA is strictly Tamoxifen-dependent, and efficient in both vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. Moreover, with the exception of few cardiomyocytes, LoxP-flanked DNA excision is restricted to smooth muscle cells. Thus, SMA-Cre-ER(T2) mice should be of great value to analyze gene function in smooth muscles, and to establish new animal models of human smooth muscle disorders.
https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00357169
OPUS at UTS: Tissue and matrix influences on airway smooth muscle function - Open Publications of UTS ScholarsOPUS at UTS: Tissue and matrix influences on airway smooth muscle function - Open Publications of UTS Scholars
Asthma is characterized by structural changes in the airways - airway remodelling. These changes include an increase in the bulk of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) and alterations in the profile of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the airway wall. The mechanisms leading to airway remodelling are not well understood. ASM cells have the potential to play a key role in these processes through the production and release of ECM proteins. The ASM cells and ECM proteins are each able to influence the behaviour and characteristics of the other. The modified ECM profile in the asthmatic airway may contribute to the altered behaviour of the ASM cells, such responses to ECM proteins are modulated through the cell surface expression of integrin receptors. ASM cells from asthmatic individuals express different levels of some integrin subunits compared to nonasthmatic ASM cells, which have the potential to further influence their responses to the ECM proteins in the airways. ECM homeostasis requires the ...
https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/28545
PKA and Epac cooperate to augment bradykinin-induced interleukin-8 release from human airway smooth muscle cells - Semantic...PKA and Epac cooperate to augment bradykinin-induced interleukin-8 release from human airway smooth muscle cells - Semantic...
BACKGROUND Airway smooth muscle contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases by secreting inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-8 (IL-8). IL-8 production is in part regulated via activation of Gq-and Gs-coupled receptors. Here we study the role of the cyclic AMP (cAMP) effectors protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac1 and Epac2) in the bradykinin-induced IL-8 release from a human airway smooth muscle cell line and the underlying molecular mechanisms of this response. METHODS IL-8 release was assessed via ELISA under basal condition and after stimulation with bradykinin alone or in combination with fenoterol, the Epac activators 8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP and Sp-8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMPS, the PKA activator 6-Bnz-cAMP and the cGMP analog 8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cGMP. Where indicated, cells were pre-incubated with the pharmacological inhibitors Clostridium difficile toxin B-1470 (GTPases), U0126 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1/2) and Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS (PKA). The
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/PKA-and-Epac-cooperate-to-augment-bradykinin-induc-Roscioni-Kistemaker/45af31b28236123860d662d7057a477d02dcbc79
A Retinoic Acid-Induced Clonal Cell Line Derived From Multipotential P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells Expresses Smooth Muscle...A Retinoic Acid-Induced Clonal Cell Line Derived From Multipotential P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells Expresses Smooth Muscle...
The lack of an inducible differentiation or lineage system for smooth muscle has been a major limitation in studies of smooth muscle development and has impeded efforts to identify genetic elements involved in the regulation of smooth muscle lineage determination and/or differentiation. The positive identification of smooth muscle lineages has also been problematic for several reasons. First, SMCs do not undergo terminal differentiation or cell fusion and therefore are not readily identifiable by morphological criteria. Second, many markers of differentiated smooth muscle such as SM α-actin, h-caldesmon, (α, β)-metavinculin, and γ-vinculin are or can be expressed by non-SMCs, including developing skeletal and cardiac muscle28 29 and other contractile cells in vivo53 54 55 and in a variety of cultured cell lines.30 31 32 33 Additionally, it is well established that the differentiated state of SMCs is extremely plastic40 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 and appears to be dependent on ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/76/5/742
Distribution of phenotypically disparate myocyte subpopulations in airway smooth muscleDistribution of phenotypically disparate myocyte subpopulations in airway smooth muscle
Phenotype and functional heterogeneity of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells in vitro is well known, but there is limited understanding of these features in vivo. We tested whether ASM is composed of myocyte subsets differing in contractile phenotype marker expression. We used flow cytometry to compare smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (smMHC) and smooth muscle-alpha-actin (sm-alpha-actin) abundance in myocytes dispersed from canine trachealis. Based on immunofluorescent intensity and light scatter characteristics (forward and 90 degrees side scatter), 2 subgroups were identified and isolated. Immunoblotting confirmed smMHC and sm-alpha-actin were 10- and 5-fold greater, respectively, in large, elongate myocytes that comprised -60% of total cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed similar phenotype heterogeneity in human bronchial smooth muscle. Canine tracheal myocyte subpopulations isolated by flow cytometry were used to seed primary subcultures. Proliferation of subcultures established with myocytes ...
https://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/xmlui/handle/1993/2890
Sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulation of the p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in airway smooth muscle. Role of...Sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulation of the p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in airway smooth muscle. Role of...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulation of the p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in airway smooth muscle. Role of endothelial differentiation gene 1, c-Src tyrosine kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. AU - Rakhit, S. AU - Conway, A M. AU - Tate, R. AU - Bower, T. AU - Pyne, N J. AU - Pyne, S. PY - 1999/3/15. Y1 - 1999/3/15. N2 - We report here that cultured airway smooth muscle cells contain transcripts of endothelial differentiation gene 1 (EDG-1), a prototypical orphan Gi-coupled receptor whose natural ligand is sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). This is consistent with data that showed that S1P activated both c-Src and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p42/p44 MAPK) in a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive manner in these cells. An essential role for c-Src was confirmed by using the c-Src inhibitor, PP1, which markedly decreased p42/p44 MAPK activation. We have also shown that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K) inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) decreased p42/p44 ...
https://pureportal.strath.ac.uk/en/publications/sphingosine-1-phosphate-stimulation-of-the-p42p44-mitogen-activat
Differential expression of immunohistochemical markers in bladder smooth muscle and myofibroblasts, and the potential utility...Differential expression of immunohistochemical markers in bladder smooth muscle and myofibroblasts, and the potential utility...
Distinguishing bladder muscularis propria from muscularis mucosae can be problematic especially in transurethral resection specimens performed for bladder carcinoma. Moreover, bladder carcinoma can be associated with a proliferative/desmoplastic myofibroblastic response that can resemble smooth muscle and potentially lead to overdiagnosis of muscularis propria invasion. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of immunohistochemistry in staging bladder carcinoma by evaluating the expression of different markers in myofibroblasts and nonvascular smooth muscle cells in 15 cases of invasive bladder carcinoma. Reactive myofibroblasts were consistently positive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin, consistently negative for caldesmon, desmin, and smoothelin, and had variable expression of actin and CD10. Nonvascular smooth muscle cells of the bladder were consistently positive for smooth muscle actin, actin, desmin, and caldesmon, and consistently negative for CD10. In contrast to ...
https://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub1714509
JCI - IQGAP1-dependent scaffold suppresses RhoA and inhibits airway smooth muscle contractionJCI - IQGAP1-dependent scaffold suppresses RhoA and inhibits airway smooth muscle contraction
The small GTPase RhoA increases smooth muscle contractility, and IQGAP1 has previously been shown to bind RhoA (9). Consistent with a pattern of increased RhoA activation, MLC phosphatase phosphorylation and MLC phosphorylation were both increased in Iqgap1-/- compared with WT samples (Figure 2D). RhoA-GTP, the active form, was increased in Iqgap1-/- tracheal smooth muscle and in human airway smooth muscle cells with shRNA-mediated IQGAP1 knockdown (Figure 2, E and F, and Supplemental Figure 3A). These data suggest that IQGAP1 normally blunts airway smooth muscle contractility by inhibiting RhoA activation.. Since IQGAP1 is known to act as a protein scaffold (4, 5, 14), we reasoned that IQGAP1 might bind a RhoGAP and RhoA simultaneously, thus enhancing the inhibitory effect of the RhoGAP on RhoA activation. One RhoGAP in particular, p190A-RhoGAP, is well characterized in multiple cell types (15-17), and we found p190A-RhoGAP knockdown to increase RhoA activation in human airway smooth muscle ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/76658
CysLT 1 receptor-induced human airway smooth muscle cells proliferation requires ROS generation, EGF receptor transactivation...CysLT 1 receptor-induced human airway smooth muscle cells proliferation requires ROS generation, EGF receptor transactivation...
Cysteine-containing leukotrienes (cysteinyl-LTs) are pivotal inflammatory mediators that play important roles in the pathophysiology of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other inflammatory conditions. In particular, cysteinyl-LTs exert a variety of effects with relevance to the aetiology of asthma such as smooth muscle contraction, eosinophil recruitment, increased microvascular permeability, enhanced mucus secretion and decreased mucus transport and, finally, airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) proliferation. We used human ASMC (HASMC) to identify the signal transduction pathway(s) of the leukotriene D4 (LTD4)-induced DNA synthesis. Proliferation of primary HASMC was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Phosphorylation of EGF receptor (EGF-R) and ERK1/2 was assessed with a polyclonal anti-EGF-R or anti-phosphoERKl/2 monoclonal antibody. A Ras pull-down assay kit was used to evaluate Ras activation. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated by measuring dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF
https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1465-9921-7-42
Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle
Although smooth muscle contraction relies on the presence of Ca++ ions, smooth muscle fibers have a much smaller diameter than skeletal muscle cells. T-tubules are not required to reach the interior of the cell and therefore not necessary to transmit an action potential deep into the fiber. Smooth muscle fibers have a limited calcium-storing SR but have calcium channels in the sarcolemma (similar to cardiac muscle fibers) that open during the action potential along the sarcolemma. The influx of extracellular Ca++ ions, which diffuse into the sarcoplasm to reach the calmodulin, accounts for most of the Ca++ that triggers contraction of a smooth muscle cell.. Muscle contraction continues until ATP-dependent calcium pumps actively transport Ca++ ions back into the SR and out of the cell. However, a low concentration of calcium remains in the sarcoplasm to maintain muscle tone. This remaining calcium keeps the muscle slightly contracted, which is important in certain tracts and around blood ...
http://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/smooth-muscle/
Functional expression of the alpha 7 integrin receptor in differentiated smooth muscle cells | Journal of Cell ScienceFunctional expression of the alpha 7 integrin receptor in differentiated smooth muscle cells | Journal of Cell Science
Expression of the alpha7 integrin is developmentally regulated and is thought to be tissue-specific for both skeletal and cardiac muscles. We now report that alpha7 is also strongly and ubiquitously expressed by various types of smooth muscle, including vascular, gastrointestinal and genitourinary smooth muscles. In addition, alpha7 was surface-expressed by a number of smooth muscle cell lines that maintained their differentiated phenotype following adaptation to culture. Studies with the mouse 9E11G smooth muscle cell line showed that the alpha7 integrin mediated both adhesion and motility of these cells on laminin 1 substrates. Alpha7 expression appears to correlate with the smooth-muscle-differentiated phenotype. The multipotential P19 mouse embryonic stem cell line lacks alpha7 but uses the alpha6 integrin to adhere to laminin 1. Following retinoic acid-induced P19 differentiation predominantly to the smooth muscle cell lineage, high expression of alpha7 was detected along with partial ...
https://jcs.biologists.org/content/110/13/1477
Dedifferentiation, redifferentiation and bundle formation of smooth muscle cells in tissue culture: the influence of cell...Dedifferentiation, redifferentiation and bundle formation of smooth muscle cells in tissue culture: the influence of cell...
Smooth muscle from newborn guinea-pig vas deferens was enzymically dispersed into single cells or small clumps and grown in culture in the presence or absence of sympathetic ganglion explants.. Most single smooth muscle cells gradually lost their typical ultrastructural features and contractile properties during the first few days in culture. At 7 days of culture these dedifferentiated smooth muscle cells underwent extensive proliferation. If sufficient cells were present in the culture inoculate, a continuous monolayer formed at about 9 days of culture and redifferentiation of smooth muscle began. At 11-12 days of culture the cells reaggregated into clumps, began to contract spontaneously, and formed into well-organized muscle bundles in two layers at right angles, resembling the muscle layer organization of the in vivo vas deferens. In cultures where a continuous monolayer was not formed at 9 days, isolated cells did not redifferentiate. The process of dedifferentiation and proliferation was ...
http://dev.biologists.org/content/32/2/297
Expression and release of interleukin-8 by human airway smooth muscle cells: inhibition by Th-2 cytokines and corticosteroidsExpression and release of interleukin-8 by human airway smooth muscle cells: inhibition by Th-2 cytokines and corticosteroids
Interleukin (IL)-8 is a C-X-C chemokine that potently chemoattracts and activates neutrophils. We determined whether IL-8 could be produced by human airway smooth muscle cells in culture and examined its regulation. TNF-alpha stimulated IL-8 mRNA expression and protein release in a time- and dose-de …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9448049/?dopt=Abstract
Ca(2+) spark sites in smooth muscle cells are numerous and differ in n by Ronghua Zhuge, Kevin E. Fogarty et al.Ca(2+) spark sites in smooth muscle cells are numerous and differ in n by Ronghua Zhuge, Kevin E. Fogarty et al.
Ca(2+) sparks are highly localized Ca(2+) transients caused by Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum through ryanodine receptors (RyR). In smooth muscle, Ca(2+) sparks activate nearby large-conductance, Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) (BK) channels to generate spontaneous transient outward currents (STOC). The properties of individual sites that give rise to Ca(2+) sparks have not been examined systematically. We have characterized individual sites in amphibian gastric smooth muscle cells with simultaneous high-speed imaging of Ca(2+) sparks using wide-field digital microscopy and patch-clamp recording of STOC in whole cell mode. We used a signal mass approach to measure the total Ca(2+) released at a site and to estimate the Ca(2+) current flowing through RyR [I(Ca(spark))]. The variance between spark sites was significantly greater than the intrasite variance for the following parameters: Ca(2+) signal mass, I(Ca(spark)), STOC amplitude, and 5-ms isochronic STOC amplitude. Sites that failed to generate
https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/oapubs/110/
Smooth muscle cell financial definition of smooth muscle cellSmooth muscle cell financial definition of smooth muscle cell
Definition of smooth muscle cell in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is smooth muscle cell? Meaning of smooth muscle cell as a finance term. What does smooth muscle cell mean in finance?
https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/smooth+muscle+cell
Antiinflammatorische Zytokine in der Pathogenese des Asthma bronchialeAntiinflammatorische Zytokine in der Pathogenese des Asthma bronchiale
The results of this present thesis show a deficiency of IL-10 production in alveolar macrophages in asthma. The reduced IL-10 expression on protein and m-RNA level correlated with an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-(, MIP1- ( and GM-CSF. These observations implicate an impaired IL-10 synthesis in asthma with a subsequent prolongation of the inflammatory response. This leads to the conclusion that a dysbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is present in asthma and may be therefore of pathogenetic importance. The reduced sensitivity of alveolar macrophages to the inhibitory effects of exogenous IL-10 compared to peripheral blood monocytes may be caused by different signal transduction mechanisms. The expression of the proinflammatory cytokines RANTES and IL-8 in cultured human airway smooth muscle cells led to the conclusion that airway smooth muscle cells may act beside their contractile function as immunomodulatory cells in the pathogenesis of ...
https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/handle/18452/14460
Antiinflammatorische Zytokine in der Pathogenese des Asthma bronchialeAntiinflammatorische Zytokine in der Pathogenese des Asthma bronchiale
The results of this present thesis show a deficiency of IL-10 production in alveolar macrophages in asthma. The reduced IL-10 expression on protein and m-RNA level correlated with an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-(, MIP1- ( and GM-CSF. These observations implicate an impaired IL-10 synthesis in asthma with a subsequent prolongation of the inflammatory response. This leads to the conclusion that a dysbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is present in asthma and may be therefore of pathogenetic importance. The reduced sensitivity of alveolar macrophages to the inhibitory effects of exogenous IL-10 compared to peripheral blood monocytes may be caused by different signal transduction mechanisms. The expression of the proinflammatory cytokines RANTES and IL-8 in cultured human airway smooth muscle cells led to the conclusion that airway smooth muscle cells may act beside their contractile function as immunomodulatory cells in the pathogenesis of ...
https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/handle/18452/14460?C=N
IgE induces proliferation in human airway smooth muscle cells: role of MAPK and STAT3 pathways | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical...IgE induces proliferation in human airway smooth muscle cells: role of MAPK and STAT3 pathways | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical...
Airway remodeling is not specifically targeted by current asthma medications, partly owing to the lack of understanding of remodeling mechanisms, altogether posing great challenges in asthma treatment. Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass due to hyperplasia/hypertrophy contributes significantly to overall airway remodeling and correlates with decline in lung function. Recent evidence suggests that IgE sensitization can enhance the survival and mediator release in inflammatory cells. Human ASM (HASM) cells express both low affinity (FcεRII/CD23) and high affinity IgE Fc receptors (FcεRI), and IgE can modulate the contractile and synthetic function of HASM cells. IgE was recently shown to induce HASM cell proliferation but the detailed mechanisms remain unknown. We report here that IgE sensitization induces HASM cell proliferation, as measured by 3H-thymidine, EdU incorporation, and manual cell counting. As an upstream signature component of FcεRI signaling, inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase
https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1710-1492-9-41
Roles of Mast Cell Proteases in Airways: Airway Smooth Muscle ContractionRoles of Mast Cell Proteases in Airways: Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction
Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction Hyperresponsiveness to mast cell-derived mediators (eg, histamine) is a distinctive feature of asthma, but its etiology is
http://www.levelofhealth.com/airways/roles-of-mast-cell-proteases-in-airways-airway-smooth-muscle-contraction.html
Electrophysiology of smooth muscle of the small intestine of some mammals.<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Electrophysiology of smooth muscle of the small intestine of some mammals.. AU - Hara, Y.. AU - Kubota, M.. AU - Szurszewski, J. H.. PY - 1986/3/1. Y1 - 1986/3/1. N2 - Intracellular recordings were made from cells located in the longitudinal, inner and outer circular muscle layers of the dog, cat, rabbit, opossum and human small intestine. In whole‐thickness preparations in all five species, longitudinal muscle cells generated slow waves and spikes. However, in isolated longitudinal muscle preparations, all cells tested were electrically silent. In whole‐thickness and in isolated preparations, cells in the inner circular muscle layer generated spontaneous spikes superimposed on slow potentials. However, the occurrence of spikes and slow potentials was more regular in whole‐thickness preparations. In whole‐thickness preparations, cells in the outer circular muscle layer generated slow waves which were coupled with phasic contractions. However, in isolated outer circular ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/electrophysiology-of-smooth-muscle-of-the-small-intestine-of-some
Plus itPlus it
BMP4 regulates development of many smooth muscle targets by promoting differentiation, organization, and maturation of smooth muscle cells. Typically, BMP4 from adjacent epithelium, endothelium, or fibroblasts acts in a paracrine manner to regulate smooth muscle development (Frank et al., 2005; Cai, 2009; Wang et al., 2009; Tasian et al., 2010). Our findings show that, in the adult, vaginal smooth muscle cells themselves synthesize BMP4, raising the possibility that BMP4 may also act in an autocrine manner. Indeed, a recent report suggests that BMP4 exerts autocrine effects by promoting C2C12 cell myotube formation (Umemoto et al., 2011). Hence, BMP4 may regulate smooth muscle integrity and function beyond the developmental period.. Smooth muscle cells are generally well innervated and, accordingly, secrete proteins that potentially influence axon growth and integrity. These include neurotrophins, extracellular matrix components, growth factors, and cytokines (Weintraub et al., 1996; Knox et ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/33/3/1050
Smooth muscle, mechanism of contraction financial definition of smooth muscle, mechanism of contractionSmooth muscle, mechanism of contraction financial definition of smooth muscle, mechanism of contraction
Definition of smooth muscle, mechanism of contraction in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is smooth muscle, mechanism of contraction? Meaning of smooth muscle, mechanism of contraction as a finance term. What does smooth muscle, mechanism of contraction mean in finance?
http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/smooth+muscle%2C+mechanism+of+contraction
Plus itPlus it
The functional properties of airway smooth muscle are fundamental to the properties of the airways in vivo. However, many of the distinctive characteristics of smooth muscle are not easily accounted for on the basis of molecular models developed to account for the properties of striated muscles. The specialized ultrastructural features and regulatory mechanisms present in smooth muscle are likely to form the basis for many of its characteristic properties. The molecular organization and structure of the contractile apparatus in smooth muscle is consistent with a model of force generation based on the relative sliding of adjacent actin and myosin filaments. In airway smooth muscle, actomyosin activation is initiated by the phosphorylation of the 20 kDa light chain of myosin; but there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of myosin light chain phosphorylation in tension maintenance. Tension generated by the contractile filaments is transmitted throughout the cell via a network of actin ...
http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/15/3/600
Human Smoothelin B Alexa Fluor® 647-conjugated Antibody (IC8278R) | Bio-TechneHuman Smoothelin B Alexa Fluor® 647-conjugated Antibody (IC8278R) | Bio-Techne
Smoothelin (SMTN) is a cytoskeletal protein associated with stress fibers. It is 917 amino acids (aa) in length and shares 77% and 82% aa identity with mouse and rat SMTN. SMTN has two major isoforms, A and B with reported molecular weights of approximately 59 and 110 kDa, respectively. Isoform A is associated with visceral smooth muscle cells while isoform B is specific to vascular smooth muscle. Loss of SMTN has been associated with defects in intestinal smooth muscle cell contraction as well as increased arterial pressure and cardiac hypertrophy ...
https://www.bio-techne.com/p/antibodies/human-smoothelin-b-alexa-fluor-647-conjugated-antibody-885424_ic8278r
pain free labour: Evidence based practice to support a pain free labour - Threepain free labour: Evidence based practice to support a pain free labour - Three
There are three types of muscle in the human body. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. Striated muscle is voluntary and attached to our skeleton so that we can skip and dance. Smooth muscle is not voluntary, we have no conscious control over it. It is found in the walls of hollow viscera, airways, blood vessels, the iris and in hair follicles. There is no fourth category of muscle. If uterine smooth muscle was so different from other smooth muscle then it would be in a section of its own. If uterine smooth muscle was designed to cause pain when contracting, as many people believe, then it would be very different from the smooth muscle in your stomach. It is not ...
http://painfreelabour.blogspot.com/2012/12/evidence-based-practice-to-support-pain.html
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) inhibits IP3-evoked Ca2+ release in smooth muscle via P2Y1 receptors | Journal of Cell ScienceAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) inhibits IP3-evoked Ca2+ release in smooth muscle via P2Y1 receptors | Journal of Cell Science
Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) mediates a variety of biological functions following nerve-evoked release, via activation of either G protein-coupled P2Y- or ligand-gated P2X-receptors. In smooth muscle, ATP, acting via P2Y receptors (P2YR), may act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. The underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear, but have been proposed to involve the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) by phospholipase C (PLC), to evoke Ca2+ release from the internal store and stimulation of Ca2+-activated potassium (KCa) channels to cause membrane hyperpolarization. This mechanism requires Ca2+ release from the store. However, in the present study, ATP evoked transient Ca2+ increases in only ∼10% of voltage-clamped single smooth muscle cells. These results do not support activation of KCa as the major mechanism underlying inhibition of smooth muscle activity. Interestingly, ATP inhibited IP3-evoked Ca2+ release in cells that did not show a Ca2+ rise in response to purinergic ...
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/early/2012/08/15/jcs.108498
DRUG-INDUCED EFFECTS ON THE LONGITUDINAL SMOOTH MUSCLE OF RAT BRONCHUS - Search results - Pascal and Francis Bibliographic...DRUG-INDUCED EFFECTS ON THE LONGITUDINAL SMOOTH MUSCLE OF RAT BRONCHUS - Search results - Pascal and Francis Bibliographic...
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https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=PASCAL8110039792
G-proteins in airway smooth muscle - StrathprintsG-proteins in airway smooth muscle - Strathprints
Pyne, Nigel and Pyne, Susan; Giembycz, M and Raeburn, D, eds. (1994) G-proteins in airway smooth muscle. In: Airways Smooth Muscle. Birkhauser Velaag, pp. 187-213. ISBN 9780817650438 Full text not available in this repository.Request a copy from the Strathclyde author ...
https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/35087/
The Integrin Very Late Antigen-4 Is Expressed in Human Smooth Muscle Cell | Circulation ResearchThe Integrin Very Late Antigen-4 Is Expressed in Human Smooth Muscle Cell | Circulation Research
In the present study, we followed the expression of α4 and VCAM-1 in SMCs during human vascular ontogeny and in atherosclerotic vessels. Our results indicate that α4 integrin subunit and VCAM-1 are expressed in SMCs at the early embryonic stage of human aortic development (10 weeks of gestation). Their expression decreased dramatically between 10 and 24 weeks of gestation, moving to the external part of the media, and became undetectable in normal adult media. The pattern of α4 integrin and VCAM-1 expression in human embryonic aortic tissue appears to be different from that described in the mouse.11 During mouse development, α4 is expressed in the aorta as early as embryonic day 10, predominantly in the smooth muscle layer surrounding the endothelium, and persists into adulthood. In contrast, VCAM-1 was not detected in vascular smooth muscle during development but was evident in the lung mesenchymal cell precursors of SMCs and endothelial cells. In human adult arteries, we showed that α4 ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/80/2/159
PLOS ONE: accelerating the publication of peer-reviewed sciencePLOS ONE: accelerating the publication of peer-reviewed science
Background In allergic asthma, IgE increases airway remodelling but the mechanism is incompletely understood. Airway remodelling consists of two independent events increased cell numbers and enhanced extracellular matrix deposition, and the mechanism by which IgE up-regulates cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition by human airway smooth muscle cells in asthma is unclear. Objective Characterise the role of the two IgE receptors and associated signalling cascades in airway smooth muscle cell remodelling. Methods Primary human airway smooth muscle cells (8 asthmatics, 8 non-asthmatics) were stimulated with human purified antibody-activated IgE. Proliferation was determined by direct cell counts. Total collagen deposition was determined by Sircol; collagen species deposition by ELISA. IgE receptors were silenced by siRNA and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling was blocked by chemical inhibitors. Results IgE dose-dependently increased extracellular matrix and collagen
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/citation?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0056015
Smooth Muscle AntibodySmooth Muscle Antibody
Describes when the smooth muscle antibody (SMA) test is ordered, how the SMA test is used, and what the results of a SMA test might mean
https://labtestsonline.org.br/tests/smooth-muscle-antibody
Research InterestsResearch Interests
Selected publications. Han TY, Lourenssen S, Miller KG, and Blennerhassett MG (2015). Intestinal smooth muscle phenotype determines enteric neuronal survival via GDNF expression. Neuroscience 290:357-68. Venkataramana S, Lourenssen S, Miller KG, and Blennerhassett MG (2015). Early inflammatory damage to intestinal neurons occurs via inducible nitric oxide synthase. Neurobiol. Dis. 75:40-52. Nair DG, Miller KG, Lourenssen SR and Blennerhassett MG (2014). Inflammatory cytokines promote growth of intestinal smooth muscle cells by induced expression of PDGF-Rβ. J Cell Mol. Med. 18(3):444-54. Gougeon PY, Lourenssen S, Han TY, Nair DG, Ropeleski MJ, and Blennerhassett MG (2013). The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα are neurotrophic for enteric neurons. J Neurosci. 20;33(8):3339-51. Pelletier AM, Venkataramana S, Miller KG, Bennett BM, Nair DG, Lourenssen S and Blennerhassett MG (2010). Neuronal nitric oxide inhibits intestinal smooth muscle growth. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. ...
http://deptmed.queensu.ca/faculty/michael_blennerhassett/research
Altered Airway Smooth Muscle Contractile Function in the Presence of Airway Epithelium and the Influence of TGF-β1Altered Airway Smooth Muscle Contractile Function in the Presence of Airway Epithelium and the Influence of TGF-β1
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction is a major contributor to bronchoconstriction, the narrowing of the airways observed in asthmatic airways. In vitro, ASM cells demonstrate the capacity to switch between more proliferative and more contractile phenotypes, and changes to ASM contractile function, potentially as a consequence of this phenotypic switching, may play a significant role in the exaggerated airway narrowing observed in asthma. In vivo, airway epithelial (AE) cells are topographically close to the ASM and may modulate and regulate ASM phenotype and function that could be dysregulated in asthma. One important mediator increased in asthma is TGF-β1, which influences AE cell phenotype and thus possibly affects AE cell effects on ASM. In this work, we investigated the effects of AE, with and without the influence of TGF- β1, on ASM contractile function. After examining the response of AE and ASM to TGF-β1 individually, one-way and two-way communication modes between the cell types ...
https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/handle/10222/73001
JCI - Citations to IQGAP1-dependent scaffold suppresses RhoA and inhibits airway smooth muscle contractionJCI - Citations to IQGAP1-dependent scaffold suppresses RhoA and inhibits airway smooth muscle contraction
mice. Likewise, knockdown of IQGAP1 in primary human airway smooth muscle cells increased RhoA activity. Immunoprecipitation studies indicated that IQGAP1 binds to both RhoA and p190A-RhoGAP, a GTPase-activating protein that normally inhibits RhoA activation. Proximity ligation assays in primary airway human smooth muscle cells and mouse tracheal sections revealed colocalization of p190A-RhoGAP and RhoA; however, these proteins did not colocalize in IQGAP1 knockdown cells or in ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/76658/citations
Leukotriene C4 and STIM/Orai channels in airway smooth muscle remodeling - Penn State
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling in chronic asthma involves structural and functional changes from healthy into hyper-reactive and proliferative/hypertrophic ASM. ASM remodeling is an important determinant in airway obstruction and decline pulmonary function in asthma that compounds the well- established immune/inflammatory components. These ASM phenotypic changes are of great clinical importance yet remains poorly understood. A more recent concept is that ASM not only contributes to physical obstruction of airways, but acts as immune effector in asthma. Orai1 encodes canonical, ubiquitous and evolutionarily-conserved Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels regulated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor STIM1. We showed that CRAC mediate proliferative signals during pathological smooth muscle remodeling. However, Orai1-mediated CRAC is widely functional in most, if not all, tissues rendering its specific targeting for therapy challenging. ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/projects/leukotriene-c4-and-stimorai-channels-in-airway-smooth-muscle-remo
muscular layer of the uterus KARAGOZVEHACIVAT.COM
Muscular layer of the uterus The middle layer, or myometrium, makes up most of the uterine volume and is the muscular layer, composed primarily of smooth muscle cells. The wall of uterus is composed of three layers. The innermost layer is The middle layer is the muscular layer, myometrium. Interlacing smooth.
https://karagozvehacivat.com/
dna testing center near me - Cell Culture Reagentsdna testing center near me - Cell Culture Reagents
In vertebrates, gut coiling proceeds left-right asymmetrically throughout growth of the gastrointestinal tract with extremely organized muscular buildings facilitating peristalsis. In this report, we explored the mechanisms of larval gut coiling morphogenesis related to its nascent smooth muscle cells utilizing extremely clear Xenopus early larvae.. First, to visualise the dynamics of intestinal smooth muscle cells, whole-mount specimens had been immunostained with anti-smooth muscle-specific actin (SM-actin) antibody. We discovered that the nascent gut of Xenopus early larvae steadily expands the SM-actin-positive area in a stage-dependent method. Transverse orientation of smooth muscle cells was first established, and subsequent, the mobile longitudinal orientation alongside the gut axis was adopted to make a meshwork of the contractile cells.. Finally, anisotropic torsion by the smooth muscle cells was generated in the heart of gut coiling, suggesting that twisting drive may be concerned in ...
https://artelis.be/tag/dna-testing-center-near-me/
dna replication - Cell Culture Reagentsdna replication - Cell Culture Reagents
In vertebrates, gut coiling proceeds left-right asymmetrically throughout growth of the gastrointestinal tract with extremely organized muscular buildings facilitating peristalsis. In this report, we explored the mechanisms of larval gut coiling morphogenesis related to its nascent smooth muscle cells utilizing extremely clear Xenopus early larvae.. First, to visualise the dynamics of intestinal smooth muscle cells, whole-mount specimens had been immunostained with anti-smooth muscle-specific actin (SM-actin) antibody. We discovered that the nascent gut of Xenopus early larvae steadily expands the SM-actin-positive area in a stage-dependent method. Transverse orientation of smooth muscle cells was first established, and subsequent, the mobile longitudinal orientation alongside the gut axis was adopted to make a meshwork of the contractile cells.. Finally, anisotropic torsion by the smooth muscle cells was generated in the heart of gut coiling, suggesting that twisting drive may be concerned in ...
https://artelis.be/tag/dna-replication/
Evidence for a visceral smooth muscle abnormality in Okamoto spontaneous hypertension.
1. In order to discover whether the changes in reactivity are related to the primary cause of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) or are just an adaptation induced by the high arterial blood pressure we tested the contractile respon
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Evidence-visceral-smooth-muscle-abnormality/870125.html
TGC Theory Smooth muscle vs Tunica - Thunders PlaceTGC Theory Smooth muscle vs Tunica - Thunders Place
Ok so my measurements are sporadic I decided to just look on here for info to fix it. I found Remeks post about TGC. MIne is more BPFSL then BPEL at about half and inch. Mostly because I cannot get a full enough erection to measure correctly which annoys me. So I need to have a girth heavy exercises to increase my smooth muscle in my penis. I have gotten one persons input on this I would like a few more. I want mainly length gains. But in order for me to grow I need to do girth exercises. My question is that if I do the girth heavy exercises like TGC says I should will the gains most likely be in length because my tunica is more developed and just need more smooth muscle to cut off the veins more. Or will the gains be girth because Im doing girth exercises and ill have to wait to gain length until after I have increased my smooth muscle. All opionions are very much appreciated ...
https://www.thundersplace.org/penis-enlargement-basics/tgc-theory-smooth-muscle-vs-tunica.html
The saga of the inhibitory junction potential (IJP): A brief view from the fringe | Phoebusmonks BlogThe saga of the inhibitory junction potential (IJP): A brief view from the fringe | Phoebusmonks Blog
Having left the field a while ago, for reasons that I wont go into, suffice it to say I no longer have access to the relevant literature, Ive been drawn quite by accident to consider the recent proposal that the inhibitory junction potential (IJP) recorded in the gastrointestinal smooth muscle has its origin in cells…
https://phoebusmonk.wordpress.com/2017/04/10/the-saga-of-the-inhibitory-junction-potential-ijp-a-brief-view-from-the-fringe/
The catch smooth muscle contains small fusiform cells: stem cells, sensors or else?</em>...
TY - CONF. T1 - The catch smooth muscle contains small fusiform cells: stem cells, sensors or else?. AU - Gilloteaux, Jacques. AU - Davey, Tracey. PY - 2018/9/1. Y1 - 2018/9/1. N2 - New structures found in paramyosin smooth muscles. AB - New structures found in paramyosin smooth muscles. M3 - Paper. ER - ...
https://researchportal.unamur.be/fr/publications/the-catch-smooth-muscle-contains-small-fusiform-cells-stem-cells-
TLR3-mediated synthesis and release of Eotaxin-1/CCL11 from human bronchial smooth muscle cells stimulated with double-stranded...
TY - JOUR. T1 - TLR3-mediated synthesis and release of Eotaxin-1/CCL11 from human bronchial smooth muscle cells stimulated with double-stranded RNA. AU - Niimi, Kyoko. AU - Asano, Koichiro. AU - Shiraishi, Yoshiki. AU - Nakajima, Takeshi. AU - Wakaki, Misa. AU - Kagyo, Junko. AU - Takihara, Takahisa. AU - Suzuki, Yusuke. AU - Fukunaga, Koichi. AU - Shiomi, Tetsuya. AU - Oguma, Tsuyoshi. AU - Sayama, Koichi. AU - Yamaguchi, Kazuhiro. AU - Natori, Yukikazu. AU - Matsumoto, Misako. AU - Seya, Tsukasa. AU - Yamaya, Mutsuo. AU - Ishizaka, Akitoshi. PY - 2007/1/1. Y1 - 2007/1/1. N2 - Respiratory infections with RNA viruses, such as rhinovirus or respiratory syncytial virus, are a major cause of asthma exacerbation, accompanied by enhanced neutrophilic and/or eosinophilic inflammation of the airways. We studied the effects of dsRNA synthesized during RNA virus replication, and of its receptor, TLR3, on the synthesis of eosinophilic chemokines in bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMC). Synthetic dsRNA, ...
https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/tlr3-mediated-synthesis-and-release-of-eotaxin-1ccl11-from-human-
Vardenafil inhibiting parasympathetic function of tracheal smooth muscle<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Vardenafil inhibiting parasympathetic function of tracheal smooth muscle. AU - Lee, Fei Peng. AU - Chao, Pin Zhir. AU - Wang, Hsing Won. PY - 2018/1/1. Y1 - 2018/1/1. N2 - Background: Levitra, a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor, is the trade name of vardenafil. Nowadays, it is applied to treatment of erectile dysfunction. PDE5 inhibitors are employed to induce dilatation of the vascular smooth muscle. The effect of Levitra on impotency is well known; however, its effect on the tracheal smooth muscle has rarely been explored. When administered for sexual symptoms via oral intake or inhalation, Levitra might affect the trachea. Methods: This study assessed the effects of Levitra on isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle by examining its effect on resting tension of tracheal smooth muscle, contraction caused by 10-6 M methacholine as a parasympathetic mimetic, and electrically induced tracheal smooth muscle contractions. Results: The results showed that adding methacholine to the ...
https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/vardenafil-inhibiting-parasympathetic-function-of-tracheal-smooth
C57BL/6 Mouse Colonic Smooth Muscle Cells | Creative BioarrayC57BL/6 Mouse Colonic Smooth Muscle Cells | Creative Bioarray
Mouse Colonic Smooth Muscle Cells from Creative Bioarray are isolated from tissue of pathogen-free laboratory mice. Mouse Colonic Smooth Muscle Cells are grown in T25 tissue culture flasks pre-coated with gelatin-based solution for 0.5 hour and incubated in Creative Bioarrays Cell Culture Medium generally for 3-7 days. Cultures are then expanded. Prior to shipping, cells are detached from flasks and immediately cryo-preserved in vials. Each vial contains at least 1x10^6 cells per ml and is delivered frozen ...
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/C57BL-6-Mouse-Colonic-Smooth-Muscle-Cells-CSC-C4292X-item-2567.htm
Role of contractile prostaglandins and Rho-kinase in growth factor-induced airway smooth muscle contraction | Respiratory...Role of contractile prostaglandins and Rho-kinase in growth factor-induced airway smooth muscle contraction | Respiratory...
In addition to their proliferative and differentiating effects, several growth factors are capable of inducing a sustained airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction. These contractile effects were previously found to be dependent on Rho-kinase and have also been associated with the production of eicosanoids. However, the precise mechanisms underlying growth factor-induced contraction are still unknown. In this study we investigated the role of contractile prostaglandins and Rho-kinase in growth factor-induced ASM contraction. Growth factor-induced contractions of guinea pig open-ring tracheal preparations were studied by isometric tension measurements. The contribution of Rho-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cyclooxygenase (COX) to these reponses was established, using the inhibitors Y-27632 (1 μM), U-0126 (3 μM) and indomethacin (3 μM), respectively. The Rho-kinase dependency of contractions induced by exogenously applied prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was
https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1465-9921-6-85
The Mechanism of Smooth Muscle Relaxants - Enlighten: ThesesThe Mechanism of Smooth Muscle Relaxants - Enlighten: Theses
The subject of this thesis was an investigation of the mechanism of action of smooth muscle relaxants and included two projects. I. the Nature of the NANC Neurotransmitter in the Bovine Retractor Penis and the Rat Anococcygeus Muscles (1) The relaxant action of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), the smooth muscle inhibitory factor (IF) isolated from the bovine retractor penis (BRP) muscle, nitric oxide (NO) and sodium nitroprusside (NaNP) were examined on four isolated smooth muscle preparations; the rabbit aortic strip, the BRP muscle, the rat anococcygeus muscle and the guinea-pig trachea. EDRF (released by acetylcholine), the IF and NO produced powerful relaxation of the rabbit aortic strip and the BRP muscle but had little or no effect on the rat anococcygeus muscle or the guinea-pig trachea. The same rank order of potency of these stimuli in all four muscles suggests all might owe their effects to NO. NaNP, however, produced complete relaxation of the rabbit aortic strip, the rat ...
http://theses.gla.ac.uk/77839/
Apigenin inhibits cell migration through MAPK pathways in human bladder smooth muscle cellsApigenin inhibits cell migration through MAPK pathways in human bladder smooth muscle cells
QINGXIN, Liu et al. Apigenin inhibits cell migration through MAPK pathways in human bladder smooth muscle cells. Biocell [online]. 2011, vol.35, n.3, pp.71-79. ISSN 0327-9545.. Apigenin, a nonmutagenic flavonoid, has been shown to possess free radical scavenging activities, anticarcinogenic properties, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, apigenin was reported to cause gastric relaxation in murine. To assess possible effects of apigenin on migration of bladder smooth muscle (SM) cell, we isolated SM cells from peri-cancer tissue of human bladder and established a cell model that was capable to overexpress transiently MEKK1 (MEK kinase 1). Results showed that overexpression of active human MEKK1 by adenoviruses infection induced migration of human bladder smooth muscle (hBSM) cells and phosphorylation of MAPKs, ERK, JNK and p38, which are the downstream molecules of MEKK1. Then, hBSM cell overexpressing MEKK1 were exposed to apigenin (50 μM). Our data indicated that apigenin ...
http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0327-95452011000300002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en
Effects of oxygen tension on vascular and other smooth muscle...Effects of oxygen tension on vascular and other smooth muscle...
Effects of oxygen tension on vascular and other smooth muscle: 1. The resting tension of various isolated intestinal and vascular smooth muscle preparations var
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/effects-of-oxygen-tension-on-vascular-and-other-smooth-muscle
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB is the Dominant Mitogen for Intestinal Smooth Muscle Cells in the Trinitrobenzenesulfonic...Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB is the Dominant Mitogen for Intestinal Smooth Muscle Cells in the Trinitrobenzenesulfonic...
In normal adult physiology, intestinal smooth muscle cells (ISMC) are characterized as contractile and non-proliferative. Inflammation induces permanent changes to the intestine including hypertrophy of the smooth muscle layer largely due to smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. While the consequences of this hyperplasia are largely unknown, increased muscularis mass may present permanent challenges to organ motility. Similar SMC hyperplasia is observed in other inflammatory pathologies including atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) where SMC de-differentiate into a synthetic phenotype and the mitogens responsible for hyperplasia have been well studied. However, there are limited investigations of SMC mitogens in intestinal inflammation. The identification of these factors may be of critical importance in the case of intestinal strictures, whereby recurring inflammation can lead to bowel obstruction requiring surgical intervention. A novel, primary rat ISMC model was ...
http://qspace.library.queensu.ca/handle/1974/7549
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB is the Dominant Mitogen for Intestinal Smooth Muscle Cells in the Trinitrobenzenesulfonic...Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB is the Dominant Mitogen for Intestinal Smooth Muscle Cells in the Trinitrobenzenesulfonic...
In normal adult physiology, intestinal smooth muscle cells (ISMC) are characterized as contractile and non-proliferative. Inflammation induces permanent changes to the intestine including hypertrophy of the smooth muscle layer largely due to smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. While the consequences of this hyperplasia are largely unknown, increased muscularis mass may present permanent challenges to organ motility. Similar SMC hyperplasia is observed in other inflammatory pathologies including atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) where SMC de-differentiate into a synthetic phenotype and the mitogens responsible for hyperplasia have been well studied. However, there are limited investigations of SMC mitogens in intestinal inflammation. The identification of these factors may be of critical importance in the case of intestinal strictures, whereby recurring inflammation can lead to bowel obstruction requiring surgical intervention. A novel, primary rat ISMC model was ...
https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/jspui/handle/1974/7549
Upregulated P-Rex1 exacerbates human airway smooth muscle hyperplasia in asthma<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Upregulated P-Rex1 exacerbates human airway smooth muscle hyperplasia in asthma. AU - Huang, Yapei. AU - Xie, Yan. AU - Jiang, Haihong. AU - Abel, Peter W.. AU - Panettieri, Reynold A.. AU - Casale, Thomas B.. AU - Tu, Yaping. N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant no. R01HL116849 to Y.T. and T.B.C.; grant nos. R01HL097796, P01 HL114471, and P30 ES013508 to R.A.P.); Nebraska State LB595 grant to Y.T. and P.W.A.; and the NIH National Center for Research Resources (grant no. G20-RR024001).. PY - 2019/2. Y1 - 2019/2. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85056356516&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85056356516&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.09.020. DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.09.020. M3 - Article. C2 - 30312708. AN - SCOPUS:85056356516. VL - 143. SP - 778-781.e5. JO - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. JF - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. SN - ...
https://creighton.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/upregulated-p-rex1-exacerbates-human-airway-smooth-muscle-hyperpl
Phasic activity of urinary bladder smooth muscle in the streptozotocin by Bahareh Vahabi, Kim Lawson et al.Phasic activity of urinary bladder smooth muscle in the streptozotocin by Bahareh Vahabi, Kim Lawson et al.
Increased phasic activity in the bladder smooth muscle of animal models and patients with detrusor overactivity has been suggested to underlie the pathophysiology of overactive bladder. Potassium (K+) channels are key regulators of bladder smooth muscle tone and thus may play a role in this altered phasic activity. In this study the effects of K+ channel modulators on the phasic activity of bladder strips from the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model of bladder dysfunction were investigated. Bladder strips from rats 1 week following streptozotocin administration and age-matched controls were mounted in tissue baths at 37 °C and the effects of K+ channel modulators on resting basal tension or phasic activity induced by a low concentration of carbachol (0.5 μM) were investigated. Activation of BKCa channels by NS1619 had a minor inhibitory effect on carbachol-induced phasic activity of bladder strips from control and diabetic rats, and significantly inhibited amplitude only at 30 μM. Activation of
http://epublications.bond.edu.au/hsm_pubs/290/
The dominant protein phosphatase PP1c isoform in smooth muscle cells, PP1cβ, is essential for smooth muscle contraction<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The dominant protein phosphatase PP1c isoform in smooth muscle cells, PP1cβ, is essential for smooth muscle contraction. AU - Chang, Audrey N. AU - Gao, Ning. AU - Liu, Zhenan. AU - Huang, Jian. AU - Nairn, Angus C.. AU - Kamm, Kristine E.. AU - Stull, James T. PY - 2018/1/1. Y1 - 2018/1/1. N2 - Contractile force development of smooth muscle is controlled by balanced kinase and phosphatase activities toward the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC). Numerous biochemical and pharmacological studies have investigated the specificity and regulatory activity of smooth muscle myosin light-chain phosphatase (MLCP) bound to myosin filaments and comprised of the regulatory myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) and catalytic protein phosphatase 1c (PP1c) subunits. Recent physiological and biochemical evidence obtained with smooth muscle tissues from a conditional MYPT1 knockout suggests that a soluble, MYPT1-unbound form of PP1c may additionally contribute to myosin RLC ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-dominant-protein-phosphatase-pp1c-isoform-in-smooth-muscle-ce
MEKK1-MKK4-JNK-AP1 Pathway Negatively Regulates Rgs4 Expression in Colonic Smooth Muscle Cells - pdf descargar
MEKK1-MKK4-JNK-AP1 Pathway Negatively Regulates Rgs4 Expression in Colonic Smooth Muscle Cells. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
http://libros.duhnnae.com/2017/jun7/149812947832-MEKK1-MKK4-JNK-AP1-Pathway-Negatively-Regulates-Rgs4-Expression-in-Colonic-Smooth-Muscle-Cells.php
Vascular smooth muscle - WikipediaVascular smooth muscle - Wikipedia
Vascular smooth muscle refers to the particular type of smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. Vascular smooth muscle refers to the particular type of smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. Vascular smooth muscle is innervated primarily by the sympathetic nervous system through adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors). The three types of adrenoceptors present are: α 1 {\displaystyle \alpha _{1}} , α 2 {\displaystyle \alpha _{2}} and β 2 {\displaystyle \beta _{2}} . The main endogenous agonist of these cell receptors is norepinephrine (NE). The adrenergic receptors exert opposite physiologic effects in the vascular smooth muscle under activation: α 1 {\displaystyle \alpha _{1}} receptors. Under NE binding α 1 {\displaystyle \alpha _{1}} receptors cause vasoconstriction (i.e. contraction of the vascular smooth muscle cells decreasing the diameter of the vessels). α 1 {\displaystyle \alpha _{1}} receptors ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_smooth_muscle
Smooth muscle cells | definition of Smooth muscle cells by Medical dictionarySmooth muscle cells | definition of Smooth muscle cells by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of Smooth muscle cells in the Medical Dictionary? Smooth muscle cells explanation free. What is Smooth muscle cells? Meaning of Smooth muscle cells medical term. What does Smooth muscle cells mean?
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Smooth+muscle+cells
Adenosine A1 receptors mediate mobilization of calcium in human bronchial smooth muscle cells. - PubMed - NCBIAdenosine A1 receptors mediate mobilization of calcium in human bronchial smooth muscle cells. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709961?dopt=Abstract
RE: [Histonet] Immunocytofluorescence on smooth muscle cells
Sent: Sunday, September 29, 2002 10:01 AM Subject: [Histonet] Immunocytofluorescence on smooth muscle cells > Hello, > > > We are a new lab and we try to develop Immuno-cyto-fluorescence techniques > in the lab. > We are working with human bronchial smooth muscle cells. > I have currently a very big problem with all rabbit antibodies. All rabbit > antibodies (including IgG as isotype) give a non-specific signal, signal in > the nucleus and cytoplasm with very high intensity. There is no signal > between cells. > > This problem does not exist with Rat and mouse antibodies I have used. > > - I have tried different fixation methods (PFA 4%, acetone-methanol (1/1), > and kit like permeafix). > > - I have tried different blocking solution (Rabbit serum 2%, FBS 2%, Horse > serum and Universal blocker solution from Dako) without any results. > > - I have tried different diluents for my antibody (PBS 1X, PBS 1x-BSA 3%, > Dako diluents) > > - I have tried different permeabilization methods (saponin, ...
http://www.histosearch.com/histonet/Sep03A/RE.HistonetImmunocytofluoA.html
Do antibiotics contribute to postoperative ileus? Contractile responses of ileum smooth muscle in guinea pigs to long-term...Do antibiotics contribute to postoperative ileus? Contractile responses of ileum smooth muscle in guinea pigs to long-term...
Background: Antibiotics may impair small bowel smooth muscle contractility and contribute to postoperative ileus. The aim of this study was to compare the contractile responses of ileum smooth muscle to different agonists in guinea pigs treated with ceftriaxone (Rocephin; F. Hoffman-La Roche, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland) or ampicillin (Ampisina; Mustafa Nevzat Ilac Sanayii AS, Istanbul, Turkey). ...
https://avesis.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/yayin/1bb8bae1-c6fd-4654-836e-0e4bcf52ba1f/do-antibiotics-contribute-to-postoperative-ileus-contractile-responses-of-ileum-smooth-muscle-in-guinea-pigs-to-long-term-parenteral-ceftriaxone-and-ampicillin
Embryonic aortic and gizzard smooth muscle cells maintain their contractile phenotypes in culture<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Embryonic aortic and gizzard smooth muscle cells maintain their contractile phenotypes in culture. AU - Fisher, S. A.. AU - Ikebe, M.. AU - Brozovich, F. V.. PY - 1996/12/1. Y1 - 1996/12/1. N2 - Investigations into the determinants of the tonic and phasic contractile properties of smooth muscle (sm) have been hampered by the de-differentiation of sm cells in vitro. We have developed an in vitro system in which sm cells maintain their contractile phenotypes. SM cells derived from ED 10-15 chick aortic (tonic) or gizzard (phasic) tissue expiants were plated at 3 x 10 cells/cm2 for up to three passages in DMEM/F-12+0.5% PCS on simple (0.5% gelatin) or complex (Matrigel™) extra-cellular matrices. KC1 depolarization (90 mM) resulted in single cultured gizzard cells developing 3.0+0.7 (IN of force in 8+2 sec, while single cultured aortic cells developed 0.76+.01 ,iN of force in 20+0.7 sec. Cells demonstrated similar contractile characteristics in response to stimulation with ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/embryonic-aortic-and-gizzard-smooth-muscle-cells-maintain-their-c
Plus itPlus it
Ro 25-1553, a cyclic peptide analog of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), was designed to overcome many of the deficiencies inherent in this natural neuropeptide. On isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, Ro 25-1553 produces concentration-dependent relaxation of contractile responses to a number of different spasmogens. Depending on the contractile stimulus, Ro 25-1553 is 24 to 89 times more potent than VIP as a relaxant of guinea pig trachea. The high potency of Ro 25-1553 extends to studies on isolated, histamine-contracted, human bronchial smooth muscle, where Ro 25-1553 exhibits a 390-fold enhancement over native VIP and is more potent than other bronchodilating drugs, such as the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists isoproterenol and salbutamol. Ro 25-1553 was shown to displace the radioligand 125I-VIP from rat forebrain membranes with an IC50 value of 4.98 nM, thereby demonstrating that it acts at a VIP receptor. In addition, when tested in a battery of 40 other binding assays (e.g., ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/270/3/1282
Microtubule dynamics regulate cyclic stretch-induced cell alignment in human airway smooth muscle cells - Fingerprint -...Microtubule dynamics regulate cyclic stretch-induced cell alignment in human airway smooth muscle cells - Fingerprint -...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Microtubule dynamics regulate cyclic stretch-induced cell alignment in human airway smooth muscle cells. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://pure.fujita-hu.ac.jp/en/publications/microtubule-dynamics-regulate-cyclic-stretch-induced-cell-alignme/fingerprints/
Modelling maternal obesity: the effects of a chronic high-fat, high-cholesterol diet on uterine expression of contractile...Modelling maternal obesity: the effects of a chronic high-fat, high-cholesterol diet on uterine expression of contractile...
Chronic feeding of a HFHC diet before and during pregnancy in the rat mirrored changes often associated with maternal obesity in women. These include a significant increase in body fat mass and circulating levels of total cholesterol [15-17]. Increasing body mass index can significantly depress human uterine contractility ex vivo [18] and cholesterol has been shown to play a key role in uterine contractile activity, as it causes significant utero-relaxant effects on both human and rat myometrium [19,20]. What was evident from the current study was that uterine tissue from control animals at both TNL and TL displayed regular biphasic plateau contractions with synchronized contraction and relaxation of uterine smooth muscle bundles [21]. In contrast, uterine tissue from HFHC-fed animals displayed a spike bundle contraction phenotype. Spike bundle contractions are multiphasic, resulting from asynchronous contraction and relaxation of uterine smooth muscle bundles [21]. This ex vivo contractility ...
http://www.clinsci.org/content/130/3/183
British Library EThOS: Investigations into the molecular regulation of gene expression in airway smooth muscle cellsBritish Library EThOS: Investigations into the molecular regulation of gene expression in airway smooth muscle cells
The phenotype of airway smooth muscle (ASM) differs in asthmatic patients compared to healthy individuals. Hyperplasia, hypertrophy, increased contraction and altered synthetic capabilities of asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) have all been reported, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying a number of these changes remain unclear. This project utilizes molecular techniques to investigate the regulation of gene expression in cultured ASMCs isolated from both healthy and asthmatic individuals. microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that exert a post-transcriptional regulation on gene expression by targeting specific mRNAs for down regulation through either mRNA degradation or translational repression. During this project microarray studies have been performed to determine differences in the miRNA expression profile of cultured ASMCs isolated from healthy or moderate asthmatic volunteers. These studies have identified a number miRNAs with differential expression in asthmatic ...
http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.628171
Extra-cellular matrix proteins induce matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) activity and increase airway smooth muscle contraction...Extra-cellular matrix proteins induce matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) activity and increase airway smooth muscle contraction...
Airway remodelling describes the histopathological changes leading to fixed airway obstruction in patients with asthma and includes extra-cellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is present in remodelled airways but its relationship with ECM proteins and the resulting functional consequences are unknown. We used airway smooth muscle cells (ASM) and bronchial biopsies from control donors and patients with asthma to examine the regulation of MMP-1 by ECM in ASM cells and the effect of MMP-1 on ASM contraction. Collagen-I and tenascin-C induced MMP-1 protein expression, which for tenascin-C, was greater in asthma derived ASM cells. Tenascin-C induced MMP-1 expression was dependent on ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK activation and attenuated by function blocking antibodies against the β1 and β3 integrin subunits. Tenascin-C and MMP-1 were not expressed in normal airways but co-localised in the ASM bundles and reticular basement membrane of patients with asthma. Further, ECM ...
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32644/
Ionic mechanisms of carbon monoxide action on the contractile properties of smooth muscles of the blood vessels].<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - [Ionic mechanisms of carbon monoxide action on the contractile properties of smooth muscles of the blood vessels].. AU - Baskakov, M. B.. AU - Zheludeva, A. S.. AU - Gusakova, S. V.. AU - Smagliǐ, L. V.. AU - Aleǐnik, A. N.. AU - Ianchuk, P. I.. AU - Medvedev, M. A.. AU - Orlov, S. N.. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of a family of gas transmitters. In this article we present the results of mechanographic investigations of the mechanisms of CO action on a rat thoracic aorta segments. We found that relaxing effect of CO donor CORM-2 on vascular smooth muscles is mediated mainly by opening of voltage-dependent potassium channels in smooth muscle cells: 4-aminopyridine, blocking these channels, almost completely eliminated the CO-induced vasorelaxation of the segments precontracted by depolarization of the smooth muscle cells membranes with high potassium (30 mM KCl) solution or by phenylephrine (10 microM). For the first time we documented that CORM-2 ...
https://tpu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/ionic-mechanisms-of-carbon-monoxide-action-on-the-contractile-pro
Is Non-Cardiac Chest Pain Caused by Sustained Longitudinal Smooth Muscle Contraction? - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govIs Non-Cardiac Chest Pain Caused by Sustained Longitudinal Smooth Muscle Contraction? - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) is a common disorder whose pathophysiology is poorly understood. Some evidence suggests it may be related to sustained esophageal contractions (SECs) of longitudinal smooth muscle. The investigators have previously shown that acid is a trigger for SECs and results in shortening of the esophagus. In this study, the investigators plan to prospectively evaluate esophageal shortening responses to acid in a group of patients with NCCP compared to controls. The investigators will use high resolution esophageal manometry coupled with acid infusion to evaluate shortening. The investigators hypothesize that at least a subset of patients with NCCP will have an exaggerated esophageal shortening response to acid which correlates with symptom production. If our hypothesis proves true, this may lead to a future therapeutic target in the treatment of these patients ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01839058?recr=Open&cond=%22Chest+Pain%22&rank=11
Numerical analyses of the interrelation between extracellular smooth muscle orientation and intracellular filament overlap in...Numerical analyses of the interrelation between extracellular smooth muscle orientation and intracellular filament overlap in...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Numerical analyses of the interrelation between extracellular smooth muscle orientation and intracellular filament overlap in the human abdominal aorta. AU - Haspinger, Daniel Ch. AU - Murtada, Sae Il. AU - Niestrawska, Justyna A.. AU - Holzapfel, Gerhard A.. PY - 2018/12/1. Y1 - 2018/12/1. N2 - Smooth muscle cells are one of the functional constituents in the human abdominal aorta, located in the medial layer, forming two helices similar to collagen fibers. During development, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, smooth muscle cells experience changes in their orientation and a reorganization of their intracellular filament structure. In order to study the so far not so well-known interrelation between smooth muscle orientation and the intracellular filament structure in the human abdominal aorta a recently proposed mechanochemical model is modified. Two families of muscle fibers are introduced with a non-symmetric filament overlap behavior, and the model is implemented into a ...
https://graz.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/numerical-analyses-of-the-interrelation-between-extracellular-smo
Airway smooth muscle in asthma: Phenotype plasticity and function | ScholarBank@NUSAirway smooth muscle in asthma: Phenotype plasticity and function | [email protected]
Clinical asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction which is commonly due to an exaggerated airway narrowing referred to as airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Although debate exists on the complex etiology of AHR, it is clear that airway smooth muscle (ASM) mediated airway narrowing is a major contributor to airway dysfunction. More importantly, it is now appreciated that smooth muscle is far from being a simple cell with only contractile ability properties. Rather, it is more versatile with the capacity to exhibit numerous cellular functions as it adapts to the microenvironment to which it is exposed. The emerging ability of individual smooth muscle cells to undergo changes in their phenotype (phenotype plasticity) and function (functional plasticity) in response to physiological and pathological cues is an important and active area of research. This article provides a brief review of the current knowledge and emerging concepts in the field of ASM phenotype and function both under ...
http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/24908
Basal electrical rhythm - WikipediaBasal electrical rhythm - Wikipedia
Smooth muscle within the GI tract causes the involuntary peristaltic motion that moves consumed food down the esophagus and towards the rectum.[1] The smooth muscle throughout most of the GI tract is divided into two layers: an outer longitudinal layer and an inner circular layer.[1] Both layers of muscle are located within the muscularis externa. The stomach has a third layer: an innermost oblique layer. The physical contractions of the smooth muscle cells can be caused by action potentials in efferent motor neurons of the enteric nervous system, or by receptor mediated calcium influx.[1] These efferent motor neurons of the enteric nervous system are cholinergic and adrenergic neurons.[2] The inner circular layer is innervated by both excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons, while the outer longitudinal layer is innervated by mainly excitatory neurons. These action potentials cause the smooth muscle cells to contract or relax, depending on the particular stimulation the cells receive. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_electrical_rhythm
Smooth muscle-specific genes are differentially sensitive to inhibition by Elk-1<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Smooth muscle-specific genes are differentially sensitive to inhibition by Elk-1. AU - Zhou, Jiliang. AU - Hu, Guoqing. AU - Herring, B. Paul. PY - 2005/11. Y1 - 2005/11. N2 - Understanding the mechanism of smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation will provide the foundation for elucidating SMC-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, and asthma. In the current study, overexpression of Elk-1 in SMCs down-regulated expression of several endogenous smooth muscle-restricted proteins, including telokin, SM22α, and smooth muscle α-actin. In contrast, down-regulation of endogenous Elk-1 in smooth muscle cells increased the expression of only telekin and SM22α, suggesting that smooth muscle-specific promoters are differentially sensitive to the inhibitory effects of Elk-1. Consistent with this, overexpression of the DNA binding domain of Elk-1, which acts as a dominant-negative protein by displacing endogenous Elk-1, enhanced the expression of telokin and SM22α without ...
https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/smooth-muscle-specific-genes-are-differentially-sensitive-to-inhi
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Ex Vivo Smooth Muscle Pharmacological Effects of a Novel Bradykinin-Related Peptide, and Its Analogue...Toxins | Free Full-Text | Ex Vivo Smooth Muscle Pharmacological Effects of a Novel Bradykinin-Related Peptide, and Its Analogue...
Bradykinin-related peptides (BRPs) are one of the most extensively studied frog secretions-derived peptide families identified from many amphibian species. The diverse primary structures of BRPs have been proven essential for providing valuable information in understanding basic mechanisms associated with drug modification. Here, we isolated, identified and characterized a dodeca-BRP (RAP-L1, T6-BK), with primary structure RAPLPPGFTPFR, from the skin secretions of Chinese large odorous frogs, Odorrana livida. This novel peptide exhibited a dose-dependent contractile property on rat bladder and rat ileum, and increased the contraction frequency on rat uterus ex vivo smooth muscle preparations; it also showed vasorelaxant activity on rat tail artery smooth muscle. In addition, the analogue RAP-L1, T6, L8-BK completely abolished these effects on selected rat smooth muscle tissues, whilst it showed inhibition effect on bradykinin-induced rat tail artery relaxation. By using canonical antagonist for
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/10/283
World Allergy OrganizationWorld Allergy Organization
There are comprehensive accounts of the regulation of mast cell development and activation. This is followed by a detailed description of mast cell factors and receptors and their role in allergic and immunologic conditions. Their localization in airway smooth muscle bundles characterizes asthma. Their roles in airway smooth muscle hyperplasia and in airway remodelling in asthma and their involvement in allergic rhinitis is well covered. The model of mast cell knock-in mice and its contribution to understanding of late phase reactions and chronic allergic inflammation is well covered. The species differences in these cells are emphasized, and the point is made that one cannot extrapolate from mouse to human mast cells. This is one factor that has made the study of these cells so difficult.. Assessment: ...
http://www.worldallergy.org/book_reviews/bookreview_october06a.php
The Effect of Aqueous Root Extract of |i|Watherian Indica|/i| on Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Activity | Nigerian...The Effect of Aqueous Root Extract of |i|Watherian Indica|/i| on Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Activity | Nigerian...
Watherian indica is a dicotyledonous shrub used in the treatment of diarrhoea in Northern Nigeria. It consists of a well-defined mixture of flavonoids, saponins, sugars, alkaloids and mucilage. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments of the aqueous extract were done. The study to determine the in vivo effect of aqueous root extract of the shrub was on the gastrointestinal transit in conscious rats. In the in vivo experiment, fasted rats were given 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg of the extract orally and 15 minutes later, 0.5ml of 10% charcoal (BaSO4. H2O) was administered into the conscious animals. The control group received the vehicle (normal saline) before charcoal meal. In the in vitro experiment, the effect of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8mg/ml of the extract on the frequency and strength of contraction of an isolated rabbit jejunum was determined using a multi-channel physiograph (model PMP-4B). The result of the study indicates that Watherian indica root extract delays the gastrointestinal transit and ...
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njhbs/article/view/11454
Identification of Expression and Function of the Glucagon-like Peptide by Alexander T. MayIdentification of Expression and Function of the Glucagon-like Peptide by Alexander T. May
In response to ingestion of nutrients, enteroendocrine L cells secrete the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), to enhance glucose-dependent insulin release. Therapies related to GLP-1 are approved for type 2 diabetes. The GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is expressed in cells of the gastrointestinal tract and elsewhere. In pancreatic beta cells, GLP-1R are coupled to the Gs/cAMP/PKA pathway. The expression and function of GLP-1R in gastrointestinal smooth muscle are not known. Aim. To test the hypothesis that GLP-1 regulates smooth muscle function by acting on GLP-1R expressed on smooth muscle. Methods. Smooth muscle cells (SMC) were isolated and cultured. Expression of GLP-1R mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Expression of GLP-1R protein was measured by western blot. The effect of GLP-1 (7-36) amide on Gαs activation, cAMP formation, and PKA activity was examined in cultured SMC. The effect of GLP-1 on basal activity and on acetylcholine-induced contraction was measured in intact colon via organ bath
https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4886/
Triplet Imaging of Oxygen Consumption during the Contraction of a Single Smooth Muscle Cell (A7r5)Triplet Imaging of Oxygen Consumption during the Contraction of a Single Smooth Muscle Cell (A7r5)
Triplet imaging is a novel optical technique that allows investigating oxy- gen metabolism at the single cell and the sub-cellular level. The method combines high temporal and spatial resolution, which are required for the monitoring of fast kinetics of oxygen concentration in living cells. Calibration and validation is demon- strated with a titration experiment using L-Ascorbic Acid with the enzyme Ascor- base oxidase. The method was applied to a biological cell system, employing as reporter a cytosolic fusion protein of β-galactosidase with SNAP-tag labeled with tetramethylrhodamine. Oxygen consumption in single smooth muscle cells A7r5 during an [Arg8]-vasopressin-induced contraction is measured. The results indicate a consumption leading to an intracellular oxygen concentration that decays mono- exponentially with time. This is in good agreement with previously reported mea- surements of oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle fibers.. ...
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/150300
Different proliferative responses of Gi/o-protein-coupled receptors in human myometrial smooth muscle cells: a possible role of...Different proliferative responses of Gi/o-protein-coupled receptors in human myometrial smooth muscle cells: a possible role of...
Lipids havepreviously been considered primarily as building blocks of the cell membrane, but are now also recognized as important cell signaling molecules. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a glycerophospholipid consisting of a phosphate head group, a linker region, and a lipophilic tail. LPA has earlier been shown to exert a diversity of cellular effects such as aggregation, apoptosis, contraction, migration, and proliferation. The effects of LPA are elicited by activation of its cognate G protein-coupled receptors LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3. In the present study we have used cultures of human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and erythroleukemia cells (HEL), and isolated human platelets to characterize physiological effects of LPA compared with adrenaline and noradrenaline as well as structure-activity relationships of LPA. SMCs were isolated from biopsies of human myometrium obtained at cesarean sections. We show that cultured myometrial SMCs express multiple LPA and α2-adrenergic receptor subtypes. ...
http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:21226
Direct measurement of Ca2+ uptake and release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum of saponin permeabilized isolated smooth muscle...Direct measurement of Ca2+ uptake and release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum of saponin permeabilized isolated smooth muscle...
To make direct measurements of Ca2+ uptake and release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of isolated smooth muscle cells, a fluorometric method for monitoring Ca2+ uptake by striated muscle SR vesicles (Kargacin, M.E., C.R. Scheid, and T.W. Honeyman. 1988. American Journal of Physiology. 245:C694-C698) was modified. With the method, it was possible to make continuous measurements of SR function in saponin-skinned smooth muscle cells in suspension. Calcium uptake by the SR was inhibited by thapsigargin and sequestered Ca2+ could be released by Br-A23187 and thapsigargin. From the rate of Ca2+ uptake by the skinned cells and the density of cells in suspension, it was possible to calculate the Ca2+ uptake rate for the SR of a single cell. Our results indicate that the SR Ca2+ pump in smooth muscle cells can remove Ca2+ at a rate that is 45-75% of the rate at which Ca2+ is removed from the cytoplasm of intact cells during transient Ca2+ signals. From estimates of SR volume reported by others and ...
http://jgp.rupress.org/content/106/3/467
Reactome | Phosphorylated Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain [cytosol]Reactome | Phosphorylated Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain [cytosol]
Reactome is pathway database which provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualisation, interpretation and analysis of pathway knowledge.
https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-RNO-445770
Gallbladder - SuperpageGallbladder - Superpage
Two types: (a) numerous Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses accompanied by smooth muscle hyperplasia and expanded subserosal layer containing numerous nerve trunks; (b) extensively fibrotic gallbladder wall with numerous Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses but few/no smooth muscle bundles and an expanded subserosal layer containing abundant nerve-trunks; surface epithelium may be ...
http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/gallbladdersuperpage.html
Redox Regulation of Large Conductance Ca2+-activated K+ Channels in Smooth Muscle Cells | JGPRedox Regulation of Large Conductance Ca2+-activated K+ Channels in Smooth Muscle Cells | JGP
Our results demonstrate that maxi-K channels in smooth muscle cells are regulated by agents that alter the redox state of sulfhydryl groups. We have shown that sulfhydryl reduction increases nPo of the channel whereas oxidation has the opposite effect. Maxi-K channels in patches pulled from smooth muscle cells appear to exist in a mixed redox state, since either reduction or oxidation markedly affected channel activity. This mixed redox state could occur either because some channels in the patch exist in the reduced state whereas others are in the oxidized state, or because each channel has more than one redox modulatory site existing in different redox states. Since membrane patches from airway myocytes always contain multiple channels, we could not differentiate between these two possibilities.. We compared the normalized conductance-voltage curves constructed from macroscopic currents in response to step-depolarization during control and after sulfhydryl reduction to determine whether ...
http://jgp.rupress.org/content/110/1/35
DROTAVERIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Pharmacology: Papaverine is a nonxanthine phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the relief of cerebral and peripheral ischemia associated with arterial spasm and myocardial ischemia complicated by arrhythmias. The main actions of Papaverine are exerted on cardiac and smooth muscle. Like qathidine, Papaverine acts directly on the heart muscle to depress conduction and prolong the refractory period. Papaverine relaxes various smooth muscles. This relaxation may be prominent if spasm exists. The muscle cell is not paralyzed by Papaverine and still responds to drugs and other stimuli causing contraction. The antispasmodic effect is a direct one, and unrelated to muscle innervation. Papaverine is practically devoid of effects on the central nervous system. Papaverine relaxes the smooth musculature of the larger blood vessels, especially coronary, systemic peripheral, and pulmonary arteries. Mechanism of Action: Perhaps by its direct vasodilating action on cerebral blood vessels, Papaverine increases ...
http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/nd/DROTAVERIN%20HYDROCHLORIDE.htm
Abstract 18266: Overactive Tgfβ Signaling in Smooth Muscle Cells Induces Hypertension in Mice Through Increased Myogenic Tone...Abstract 18266: Overactive Tgfβ Signaling in Smooth Muscle Cells Induces Hypertension in Mice Through Increased Myogenic Tone...
Emilin1 (E1) is a protein of the extracellular matrix that regulates TGFβ activity through proteolysis of the proTGFβ. E1 KO mice are hypertensive, with increased TGFβ activation. As E1 is expressed in blood vessels starting from embryonic life to adulthood, is still unknown whether the E1 KO phenotype results from a developmental defect or lack of a homeostatic role exerted in the adult. To dissect this issue, we inactivated E1 in smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of adult mice, by the use of floxed E1 and CreERT2 [a tamoxifen (TAM) inducible Cre recombinase] under the control of the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (Smmhc) promoter. When Smmhc-CreERT2 E1fl/fl mice were given TAM, blood pressure significantly increased (124±1 vs basal condition 106±1 mmHg) as well as myogenic response in resistance arteries (16.3±0.7 vs basal condition 11.4±0.1 % at 125 mmHg).. In order to evaluate the relevance of our findings in the human pathology, we enrolled 20 hypertensive and 20 normotensive patients ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/132/Suppl_3/A18266
A genetic locus (Hyp-2) controlling vascular smooth muscle response in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | HypertensionA genetic locus (Hyp-2) controlling vascular smooth muscle response in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | Hypertension
Aortic vascular smooth muscle from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is known to respond in vitro to nonphysiologic cations with greater contraction than vascular smooth muscle from certain normotensive control stocks. The pattern of inheritance of the response of aortic rings to cobalt (Co2+) in vitro was determined. The test characteristic utilized was the cobalt response ratio (CRR) defined as the contractile response to 0.6 microM Co2+ divided by the response given by maximal stimulation with 10 microM Co2+. The SHR were crossed with Dahl salt-resistant rats that had been inbred for 21 generations (R/JR strain) to produce F1, F2, and backcross populations. The CRR was 0.90 +/- 0.011 in SHR, 0.74 +/- 0.016 in F1, and 0.38 +/- 0.031 in R/JR. The F1 value was significantly higher than the midparental value indicating partial SHR dominance. The F1 males from reciprocal crosses had similar CRR indicating no sex-linked effect. In the backcross to the R/JR, the CRR showed a bimodal distribution ...
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/4/4/459
Plus itPlus it
Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) is an important neutrophil chemoattractant known to be elevated in the airways of cigarette smokers and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a syndrome associated with chronic cigarette smoking. We examined the acute effect of aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on IL-8 expression in normal human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HBSMC) and alveolar macrophages. CSE upregulates IL-8 mRNA levels in a concentration and time-dependent manner and such an effect was accompanied by IL-8 secretion into the extracellular medium. CSE-evoked elevation of IL-8 mRNA was mimicked by its component acrolein at concentrations (3-30µM) found in CSE. Both CSE and acrolein induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation which was accompanied by the phosphorylation of MAPK-activated kinase 2 (MK2), a known downstream substrate of the p38 MAPK. In both HBSMC and human alveolar macrophages, pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK or MK2 strongly ...
http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/40/Suppl_56/P1423
Smooth muscleSmooth muscle
... single-unit smooth muscle, also known as visceral smooth muscle, and multiunit smooth muscle. Most smooth muscle is of the ... BBC - baby born with smooth muscle condition has 8 organs transplanted Smooth muscle antibody Stomach smooth muscle identified ... Within single-unit muscle, the whole bundle or sheet of smooth muscle cells contracts as a syncytium. Smooth muscle is found in ... Smooth muscle-containing tissue needs to be stretched often, so elasticity is an important attribute of smooth muscle. Smooth ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle
Vascular smooth muscleVascular smooth muscle
... is the type of smooth muscle that makes up most of the walls of blood vessels. Vascular smooth muscle ... Image of smooth muscle in the arterial walls Smooth muscle in stomach wall (All articles with unsourced statements, Articles ... are vascular smooth muscle cell derived. Mural cell Bennett, M. R; Sinha, S; Owens, G. K (2016). "Vascular smooth muscle cells ... Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to change both the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_smooth_muscle
Smooth muscle tumourSmooth muscle tumour
... s show a smooth muscle differentiation. There are two main types of smooth muscle tumour: the benign ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle_tumour
Congenital smooth muscle hamartomaCongenital smooth muscle hamartoma
... is typically a skin colored or lightly pigmented patch or plaque with hypertrichosis.: 627 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_smooth_muscle_hamartoma
Anti-smooth muscle antibodyAnti-smooth muscle antibody
Anti-smooth muscle antibodies are antibodies (immunoglobulins) formed against smooth muscle. These antibodies are typically ... "Immunoglobulin deposition in liver of patients with active chronic hepatitis and antibody against smooth muscle". British ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-smooth_muscle_antibody
Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndromeMultisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome
... (MSMDS) is a genetic disorder caused by R179 missense mutations in the ACTA2 ... "Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program". ... "De novo ACTA2 mutation causes a novel syndrome of multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction". American Journal of Medical ... "Clinical history and management recommendations of the smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome due to ACTA2 arginine 179 alterations ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multisystemic_smooth_muscle_dysfunction_syndrome
Smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potentialSmooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential
... , abbreviated STUMP, is an uncommon tumor of the uterine smooth muscle that ... Ng JS, Han A, Chew SH, Low J (August 2010). "A clinicopathologic study of uterine smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant ... Coagulative tumor cell necrosis is common in clinically malignant smooth muscle cell tumors. It consists of an abrupt ... Ip PP, Cheung AN, Clement PB (July 2009). "Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP): a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle_tumor_of_uncertain_malignant_potential
Muscle cellMuscle cell
The fusion of myoblasts is specific to skeletal muscle, and not cardiac muscle or smooth muscle. Myoblasts in skeletal muscle ... A muscle cell is also known as a myocyte when referring to either a cardiac muscle cell (cardiomyocyte), or a smooth muscle ... Smooth muscle has no myofibrils or sarcomeres and is therefore non-striated. Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus. The ... In the eyes, the ciliary muscles dilate and contract the iris and alter the shape of the lens. In the skin, smooth muscle cells ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_cell
Human musculoskeletal systemHuman musculoskeletal system
Cardiac muscles are found in the heart and are used only to circulate blood; like the smooth muscles, these muscles are not ... There are three types of muscles-cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Smooth muscles are used to control the flow of substances ... Only skeletal and smooth muscles are part of the musculoskeletal system and only the muscles can move the body. ... Bárány, Michael (2002). "SMOOTH MUSCLE". Retrieved 19 November 2008. "The Mechanism of Muscle Contraction". Principles of Meat ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_musculoskeletal_system
Tropomyosin 3Tropomyosin 3
Takahashi K, Hiwada K, Kokubu T (1988). "Vascular smooth muscle calponin. A novel troponin T-like protein". Hypertension. 11 (6 ... Winder SJ, Walsh MP (1990). "Smooth muscle calponin. Inhibition of actomyosin MgATPase and regulation by phosphorylation". J. ... In muscle cells, they regulate muscle contraction by controlling the binding of myosin heads to the actin filament. Mutations ... of actin-binding proteins involved in the contractile system of striated and smooth muscles and the cytoskeleton of non-muscle ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropomyosin_3
Alison BradingAlison Brading
Smooth muscle, with Edith Bülbring, T. Tomita, and A.W. Jones. Autonomic Nervous System and Its Effectors In her later life she ... Her early work focussed on the role of ions (particularly chloride) in the regulation of smooth muscle, developing new ways to ... She was particularly proud of her contributions to the study of smooth muscle in Japan, where three of her former DPhil ... 1970). Smooth muscle. London: E. Arnold. ISBN 0713141638. Brading, Alison (1999). The autonomic nervous system and its ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alison_Brading
Actin, alpha skeletal muscleActin, alpha skeletal muscle
Takahashi K, Hiwada K, Kokubu T (June 1988). "Vascular smooth muscle calponin. A novel troponin T-like protein". Hypertension. ... Winder SJ, Walsh MP (June 1990). "Smooth muscle calponin. Inhibition of actomyosin MgATPase and regulation by phosphorylation ... "Entrez Gene: ACTA1 actin, alpha 1, skeletal muscle". Bandman E (December 1992). "Contractile protein isoforms in muscle ... "Alpha-skeletal actin induces a subset of muscle genes independently of muscle differentiation and withdrawal from the cell ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actin,_alpha_skeletal_muscle
PDE1PDE1
... C has been shown to be a major regulator of smooth muscle proliferation, at least in human smooth muscle. Nonproliferating ... For example, in airway smooth muscles of humans and other species, generic PDE1 accounts for more than 50% of the hydrolytic ... Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T, Kamata K (August 2003). "Phosphodiesterases in the vascular system". J Smooth Muscle Res. 39 (4): 67- ... PDE1A most likely serves to regulate vascular smooth muscle concentration and has been found to be up-regulated in rat aorta in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE1
OligopeptideOligopeptide
It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used to induce pancreatitis in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligopeptide
CeruletideCeruletide
... (INN), also known as cerulein or caerulein, is a ten amino acid oligopeptide that stimulates smooth muscle and ... It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceruletide
Interstitial cell of CajalInterstitial cell of Cajal
ICC are also thought to be present in other types of smooth muscle tissues. But with few exceptions the function of these cells ... Kito Y (2011). "The functional role of intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal in the stomach". J Smooth Muscle Res. 47 (2): ... Full Text Sanders K, Ward S (2006). "Interstitial cells of Cajal: a new perspective on smooth muscle function". J Physiol. 576 ... Slow waves conduct to smooth muscle cells and cause phasic contractions. The picture to the right shows an isolated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_cell_of_Cajal
List of human endocrine organs and actionsList of human endocrine organs and actions
J Smooth Muscle Res. 41 (1): 35-47. doi:10.1540/jsmr.41.35. PMID 15855738. Kaushansky K (May 2006). "Lineage-specific ... Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA (October 2008). "Muscle as an endocrine organ: focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6". Physiological ... In 1998, skeletal muscle was identified as an endocrine organ due to its now well-established role in the secretion of myokines ... The use of the term myokine to describe cytokines and other peptides produced by muscle as signalling molecules was proposed in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_endocrine_organs_and_actions
MyxomaMyxoma
Table below: 1.^ SMA, smooth muscle actin. 2.^ MSA, muscle-specific actin. 3.^ EMA, epithelial membrane antigen. Symptoms ... and are more likely to infiltrate the muscle of the heart. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help non-invasively ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myxoma
László SzekeresLászló Szekeres
54/2, 936 pp, Szekeres L., Papp J.Gy.: "Pharmacology of Smooth Muscle". Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Springer Verlag ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/László_Szekeres
ActininActinin
Laszlo Szekeres; Julius G. Papp (6 December 2012). Pharmacology of Smooth Muscle. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 17-18 ... and to the dense bodies in smooth muscle cells. The functional protein is an anti-parallel dimer, which cross-links the thin ... ACTN2 expression is found in both cardiac and skeletal muscle, whereas ACTN3 is limited to the latter. Both ends of the rod- ... Alpha-actinin-1 is necessary for the attachment of actin myofilaments to the Z-lines in skeletal muscle cells, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinin
Calcium sparksCalcium sparks
It also initiates muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscles and muscle relaxation in smooth muscles. Ca2+ sparks are ... In smooth muscle cells, the Ca2+ released during a spark is used for muscle relaxation. This is because, the Ca2+ that enters ... In cardiac and smooth muscle, activation of the DHPR results in it forming an ion channel. This allows Ca2+ to pass into the ... Webb, R (2003). "Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation". Advances in Physiology Education. 27 (4): 201-6. doi:10.1152/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_sparks
Muscle tissueMuscle tissue
Smooth muscle is found within the walls of blood vessels (such smooth muscle specifically being termed vascular smooth muscle) ... and smooth. Skeletal and cardiac muscle are types of striated muscle tissue. Smooth muscle is non-striated. Skeletal muscle ... smooth muscle (non-striated) muscle; and cardiac muscle. Skeletal muscle tissue consists of elongated muscle cells called ... Smooth muscle is also involuntary, unlike skeletal muscle, which requires a stimulus. Cardiac muscle is the muscle of the heart ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_tissue
ElectrogastrogramElectrogastrogram
Gastrointestinal Motility". GI Smooth Muscle Electrophysiology: Slow Waves (Basal Electric Rhythm). p. 5. Parkman HP, Hasler WL ... Motility of gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) results from coordinated contractions of smooth muscle, which in turn derive from ... Bowen R. (November 23, 1996). "Electrophysiology of Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle". Retrieved February 12, 2008. Waldhausen, ... analyzes and records the myoelectrical signal generated by the movement of the smooth muscle of the stomach, intestines and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogastrogram
Voltage-gated calcium channelVoltage-gated calcium channel
When these cells are depolarized, the L-type calcium channels open as in smooth muscle. In skeletal muscle, the actual opening ... See reference for an illustration of the signaling cascade involving L-type calcium channels in smooth muscle). L-type calcium ... Phosphorylated myosin is able to form crossbridges with actin thin filaments, and the smooth muscle fiber (i.e., cell) ... Webb RC (December 2003). "Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation". Advances in Physiology Education. 27 (1-4): 201-6. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_calcium_channel
VasodilationVasodilation
It results from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, in particular in the large veins, large arteries, ... Vasodilation works to decrease TPR and blood pressure through relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media layer of ... Vasodilation is the result of relaxation in smooth muscle surrounding the blood vessels. This relaxation, in turn, relies on ... Webb, RC (December 2003). "Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation". Advances in Physiology Education. 27 (1-4): 201-6. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilation
Calcium signalingCalcium signaling
This leads to the actual contraction of the muscle. Contractions of smooth muscle fiber are dependent on how a Ca2+ influx ... This has been observed in a number of smooth muscle tissues including arteries, portal vein, urinary bladder, ureter tissues, ... Hill-Eubanks DC, Werner ME, Heppner TJ, Nelson MT (September 2011). "Calcium signaling in smooth muscle". Cold Spring Harbor ... Contractions of skeletal muscle fiber are caused due to electrical stimulation. This process is caused by the depolarization of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_signaling
Eric John HolborowEric John Holborow
With his colleagues, he was the first to describe smooth muscle reactive autoantibodies and this led the way to important ... Whitehouse, J. M.; Holborow, E. J. (27 November 1971). "Smooth Muscle Antibody in Malignant Disease". Br Med J. 4 (5786): 511- ... Johnson GD; Holborow EJ; Glynn LE (30 October 1965). "Antibody to smooth muscle in patients with liver disease". 286 (7418): ... cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) Toh BH (1979). "Smooth muscle autoantibodies and autoantigens". Clin Exp ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_John_Holborow
CaldesmonCaldesmon
This gene encodes a calmodulin- and actin-binding protein that plays an essential role in the regulation of smooth muscle and ... Mani RS, McCubbin WD, Kay CM (1992). "Calcium-dependent regulation of caldesmon by an 11-kDa smooth muscle calcium-binding ... Horiuchi KY, Chacko S (1989). "Interaction between caldesmon and tropomyosin in the presence and absence of smooth muscle actin ... Wang CL (2002). "Caldesmon and smooth-muscle regulation". Cell Biochem. Biophys. 35 (3): 275-88. doi:10.1385/CBB:35:3:275. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldesmon
George ChaldakovGeorge Chaldakov
"Ultrastructure of the arterial smooth muscle cell". In Stewart Wolf, Nicholas Theodore Werthessen (eds.). Smooth Muscle of the ... Chaldakov GN, Nikolov SD, Vankov VN (1977). "Fine morphological aspects of the secretory process of arterial smooth muscle ... Chaldakov GN, Vankov VN (1986). "Morphological aspects of secretion in the arterial smooth muscle cell, with special reference ... Concept of the secretory function/phenotype of the vascular smooth muscle cell, as related to atherogenesis. Tubulin/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Chaldakov
Calcium-dependent chloride channelCalcium-dependent chloride channel
Sanders KM, Zhu MH, Britton F, Koh SD, Ward SM (February 2012). "Anoctamins and gastrointestinal smooth muscle excitability". ... and neuronal and smooth muscle excitability" in animals. Members of the Ca-CIC family are generally 600 to 1000 amino acyl ... ion channels for chloride that have been identified in many epithelial and endothelial cell types as well as in smooth muscle ... of anoctamin 1/TMEM16A by interstitial cells of Cajal is fundamental for slow wave activity in gastrointestinal muscles". The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium-dependent_chloride_channel
StanocephalosaurusStanocephalosaurus
The small teeth present across the genus in addition to the large surface area for neck muscle attachment could suggest suction ... Lateral and ventral surfaces of the intercentrum are smooth, suggesting a continuation of cartilage due to the unfinished ... Stanocephalosaurus most likely used large muscles in the neck attached to their large pectoral girdles. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanocephalosaurus
JosephoartigasiaJosephoartigasia
J. monesi has the deepest insertion point for the masseter muscle (which closes the mouth while biting down) of any rodent. It ... Like other dinomyids, the occlusal (biting) surface of each grinding tooth has smooth and slightly curved lophs (ridges). The ... This is because they initially guessed J. monesi could not grind up tough plants due to having weak chewing muscles, on account ... monesi at the incisors by reconstructing the major biting muscles and their strengths. They reported 799-1,199 N (180-270 lbf) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephoartigasia
MAPK8IP3MAPK8IP3
Morita N, Iizuka K, Murakami T, Kawaguchi H (2005). "N-terminal kinase, and c-Src are activated in human aortic smooth muscle ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAPK8IP3
ArripisArripis
Upon dissection, the extremely large, dense gills (for maximum oxygen extraction) and large proportion of red aerobic muscle in ... smooth spherical eggs made buoyant by lipid droplets. The eggs (and later the larvae), which possess an unsegmented yolk, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arripis
Drum rollDrum roll
The benefit is that the roll sounds optimal and smooth at any tempo. The metered closed roll should not be confused with the ... To get these faster rolls, percussionists (keyboard, snare and timpani) all often use the muscles of their fingers instead of ... A brass mallet used with orchestra bells will add extra vibration to aid in the smoothing of the sound. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_roll
Papillary tumors of the pineal regionPapillary tumors of the pineal region
... smooth muscle actin) → + The intensity of immunoreactivity was scored as follows: - (absent), + (weak/focal), ++ (moderate), ... These proteins arise from blood vessels, nerve cells and muscle cells. These tumors, papillary tumors in this case, have no ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillary_tumors_of_the_pineal_region
SGCASGCA
... sarcoglycan in smooth muscle and its interaction with the smooth muscle sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex". The Journal of ... The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) comprises a group of proteins that are critical to the stability of muscle fiber ... Roberds SL, Anderson RD, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Campbell KP (Nov 1993). "Primary structure and muscle-specific expression of ... Muscle & Nerve. 21 (6): 769-75. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199806)21:6. 3.0.CO;2-5. PMID 9585331. S2CID 20359273. Chan YM, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGCA
Firestone Institute for Respiratory HealthFirestone Institute for Respiratory Health
... stem cells in allergic asthma and COPD Immunobiology of allergic asthma Control of airway and vascular smooth muscle structure ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firestone_Institute_for_Respiratory_Health
Yin YogaYin Yoga
... smooth and circular motions; Chi Kung-involving simple and gentle movement and breathing techniques; and Taoist alchemy-based, ... the practitioner actively curves the spine upward in an arc using arms and lower back muscles, and reaches back with the legs ... while the more mobile and pliable muscles and blood are called yang. More passive asanas in yoga are considered yin, whereas ... many of Zink's students were martial arts practitioners who had developed strong but tight muscles, and he taught them only ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_Yoga
NOX4NOX4
2005). "Human urotensin II is a novel activator of NADPH oxidase in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells". Arterioscler. ... 2002). "Cytochrome b558-dependent NAD(P)H oxidase-phox units in smooth muscle and macrophages of atherosclerotic lesions". ... 2004). "Distinct subcellular localizations of Nox1 and Nox4 in vascular smooth muscle cells". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol ... H oxidase Nox-4 mediates 7-ketocholesterol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in human aortic smooth muscle ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOX4
Stress ballStress ball
... ostensibly to relieve stress and muscle tension or to exercise the muscles of the hand. Patrick Hummel is widely understood to ... allowing users to roll them together to make a soothing sound and a smooth sensation feeling in one's hands. They come in many ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_ball
The Book of BebbThe Book of Bebb
Brownie's propensity to smooth out the more challenging texts of Scripture is emblematic of his boundless optimism, and his ... muscle-bound jock', and a: 'track star and Lothario who glittered in the waters of our domesticity as harmless as a beach ball ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Bebb
Namaste YogaNamaste Yoga
109: "Water Light" - Water Light is a smooth, flowing practice that will open your hips, increase flexibility in the spine, ... This sequence is great for strengthening the legs and abdominal muscles, adjusting your posture and fine-tuning your balance. ... shoulders and abdominal muscles. 206: "Seated Twist" - With a slower pace that is excellent for deep, full breathing, Seated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste_Yoga
CADASILCADASIL
Ruchoux MM, Guerouaou D, Vandenhaute B, Pruvo JP, Vermersch P, Leys D (1995). "Systemic vascular smooth muscle cell impairment ... The underlying pathology of CADASIL is progressive hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. Autosomal dominant ... cause an abnormal accumulation of Notch 3 at the cytoplasmic membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells both in cerebral and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CADASIL
Sodium-potassium pumpSodium-potassium pump
This was first discovered in red blood cells (Schrier, 1966), but has later been evidenced in renal cells, smooth muscles ... Lynch RM, Paul RJ (March 1987). "Compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism in vascular smooth muscle". The American Journal ... of Na/K-ATPase molecules-specifically the α2 isoform in heart and arterial smooth muscle (Kd = 32 nM) -- are inhibited, not ... release from the muscle cells' sarcoplasmic reticulum. Immediately after muscle contraction, intracellular Ca²⁺ is quickly ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium–potassium_pump
Conium maculatumConium maculatum
One can distinguish the two from each other by hemlock's smooth texture, mid-green, quite vivid, colour and typical height of ... with an ascending muscular paralysis leading to paralysis of the respiratory muscles, causing death from oxygen deprivation. It ... It has a smooth, green, hollow stem, usually spotted or streaked with red or purple on the top and lower half of the stem. All ... the alkaloids produce potentially fatal neuromuscular dysfunction due to failure of the respiratory muscles. Acute toxicity, if ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conium_maculatum
Stephen Holgate (physician)Stephen Holgate (physician)
... mucous metaplasia and proliferation of smooth muscle. In a collaboration with Genome Therapeutics Corporation in Waltham, Mass ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Holgate_(physician)
Cutaneous reflex in human locomotionCutaneous reflex in human locomotion
The major muscles impacted involve four (4) motions important to locomotion: Thigh muscles responding to cutaneous reflex Lower ... In this situation, the foot will plantar flex to allow smooth placement for the transition to the stance phase. Here, the ... Observed EMG muscle responses to SF stimulation help to explain how this reflexive response is accomplished: Increased biceps ... The response is, therefore, one which activates the leg muscles in a way as to prepare for that possibility. EMG responses to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaneous_reflex_in_human_locomotion
Basal electrical rhythmBasal electrical rhythm
... while circular muscle fibers rely on intracellular calcium release. Contraction of the smooth muscle can occur when the BER ... The smooth muscle throughout most of the GI tract is divided into two layers: an outer longitudinal layer and an inner circular ... Smooth muscle within the GI tract causes the involuntary peristaltic motion that moves consumed food down the esophagus and ... The cells can be located in either the circular or longitudinal layer of the smooth muscle in the GI tract; circular for the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_electrical_rhythm
AcrotretidaAcrotretida
Based on preserved muscle scars, the lateral muscles are shifted back and condensed into large bundles of tendons. These ... The adult shell is smooth and has a rounded outline, and is phosphatic like other linguliforms. Superfamily Acrotretoidea ... replace the stout, column-like central muscles, which are present in other linguliforms but apparently absent in acrotretides. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrotretida
Western pleasureWestern pleasure
The horse is to appear to be a "pleasure" to ride, smooth-moving and very comfortable. Most light horse breeds in the United ... soft gaits and the strong muscling required to sustain slow, controlled movement are the most competitive. Nearly any breed can ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_pleasure
N-Arachidonoyl dopamineN-Arachidonoyl dopamine
NADA has also been implicated in smooth muscle contraction and vasorelaxation in blood vessels. Additionally, NADA has been ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine
Familial thoracic aortic aneurysmFamilial thoracic aortic aneurysm
A degenerative breakdown of collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle caused by aging contributes to weakening of the wall of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_thoracic_aortic_aneurysm
Seminal vesiclesSeminal vesicles
As well as glands, the seminal vesicles contain smooth muscle and connective tissue. This fibrous and muscular tissue surrounds ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminal_vesicles
Bronchopulmonary segmentBronchopulmonary segment
It occurs due to bronchospasm of smooth muscles in the wall of the bronchials). Snell, Andrew; Mackay, Jonathan (December 2008 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchopulmonary_segment
Eastern blue-tongued lizardEastern blue-tongued lizard
They are able to do so because their jaw muscles are strong and their teeth are large. These lizards also eat crickets and wax ... The eastern blue-tongue lizard has smooth skin covered with scales that overlap and have small bone plates. The ventral ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_blue-tongued_lizard
Striated muscle tissueStriated muscle tissue
... has more mitochondria than smooth muscle. Both smooth muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells have a ... There are two types of striated muscle: Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) Skeletal muscle (muscle attached to the skeleton) ... Skeletal muscles are attached to some component of the skeleton, and smooth muscle is found in hollow structures such as the ... The fibres of striated muscle have a cylindrical shape with blunt ends, whereas those in smooth muscle are spindle-like with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striated_muscle_tissue
Steven C. QuaySteven C. Quay
"Renin synthesis by canine aortic smooth muscle cells in culture". Life Sciences. 30 (1): 99-106. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(82)90641 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_C._Quay
LECT2LECT2
... protein is widely expressed in vascular tissues, smooth muscle cells, adipocytes, cerebral neurons, apical squamous ... Several cell types or tissues, e.g. osteoblasts, chondrocytes, cardiac tissue, gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells, and ... Studies conducted on cultured myocytes, a form of muscle cell, indicates that LECT2 impairs insulin signaling by activating a c ... These studies suggest that mouse Lect2 suppresses insulin signaling in skeletal muscle but not adipose or liver tissues of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LECT2
Intravenous leiomyomatosisIntravenous leiomyomatosis
While the possibility that these arose de novo from the smooth muscle in the blood vessel wall was considered, chromosomal ... Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a rare condition seen exclusively in women in which leiomyomata, benign smooth muscle tumors, are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous_leiomyomatosis
Anti-smooth muscle antibody: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaAnti-smooth muscle antibody: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Anti-smooth muscle antibody is a blood test that detects the presence of antibodies against smooth muscle. The antibody is ... Anti-smooth muscle antibody is a blood test that detects the presence of antibodies against smooth muscle. The antibody is ... Anti-smooth muscle antibodies are not often seen in diseases other than autoimmune hepatitis. Therefore, it is helpful to make ... Other antibodies may be present, even when the anti-smooth muscle antibodies are absent. ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003531.htm
Re: How does caffeine act as a smooth muscle contractant?Re: How does caffeine act as a smooth muscle contractant?
... smooth muscle relaxation (especially bronchial smooth muscle); stimulate the CNS; stimulate cardiac muscle; and act on the ... Re: How does caffeine act as a smooth muscle contractant? Date: Tue Sep 7 22:52:06 1999. Posted By: Mark Fung, MD/PhD, Post-doc ... Interesting question, Actually, caffeine RELAX various smooth muscles (not contract), and the tremors some people experience ... uncoupling of intracellular calcium increases with muscle contractile elements. 5. antagonism of adenosine receptors Antagonism ...
https://madsci.org/posts/archives/sep99/936798018.Cb.r.html
Identification of BPIFA1/SPLUNC1 as an epithelium-derived smooth muscle relaxing factor | Nature CommunicationsIdentification of BPIFA1/SPLUNC1 as an epithelium-derived smooth muscle relaxing factor | Nature Communications
... and show that it regulates contractility of airway smooth muscle cells by binding to and regulating the Orai1 Ca2+channel. ... mucus hypersecretion and abnormal airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction. Bacterial permeability family member A1, BPIFA1, is a ... Figure 2: BPIFA1 decreases airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractility by suppressing myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation.. ... Fryer, A. D. & Jacoby, D. B. Muscarinic receptors and control of airway smooth muscle. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 158, ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14118?error=cookies_not_supported&code=91c31f9d-af81-4c96-b036-5eb543120aa3
Smooth Muscle Hypercontractility in Airway Hyperresponsiveness: Innate, Acquired, or Nonexistent? | HindawiSmooth Muscle Hypercontractility in Airway Hyperresponsiveness: Innate, Acquired, or Nonexistent? | Hindawi
Smooth Muscle Hypercontractility in Airway Hyperresponsiveness: Innate, Acquired, or Nonexistent? - A Special Issue published ... Airway Smooth Muscle as a Target in Asthma and the Beneficial Effects of Bronchial Thermoplasty. Luke J. Janssen ... Airway Smooth Muscle Dynamics and Hyperresponsiveness: In and outside the Clinic. Peter B. Noble , Thomas K. Ansell , ... , ... Smooth Muscle Hypercontractility in Airway Hyperresponsiveness: Innate, Acquired, or Nonexistent?. Ynuk Bossé , Éric Rousseau ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ja/si/632963/
alpha-smooth muscle actin, mouse | Semantic Scholaralpha-smooth muscle actin, mouse | Semantic Scholar
alpha-smooth muscle actin, mouse. Known as: alpha-SMA, mouse, alphaSMA, mouse ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/alpha-smooth-muscle-actin%2C-mouse/8808019
Smooth Muscle HistologySmooth Muscle Histology
Copyright Histology-World and its licensors. All rights reserved. ...
https://histology-world.com/photoalbum/thumbnails.php?album=24&page=1
Menthol inhibiting parasympathetic function of tracheal smooth muscleMenthol inhibiting parasympathetic function of tracheal smooth muscle
7. Wang H-W, Wang Y-T, Wu C-C. A modified in vitro study of tracheal smooth muscle response to drugs. J Med Sci. 2007;27:203-6 ... Involvement of reduced sensitivity to Ca2+ in β-adrenergic action on airway smooth muscle. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006;36:183-91 ... Inhibition by the cold receptor agonists menthol and icilin of airway smooth muscle contraction. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2008;21: ... Regulation of the contractile element of airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 1991;261:L15-28 ...
https://medsci.org/v13p0923.htm
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystMuscle, Smooth, Vascular | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Smooth, Vascular" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Muscle, Smooth, Vascular" was a major or minor ... "Muscle, Smooth, Vascular" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Vascular smooth muscle ROCK1 contributes to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension development in mice. Biochem Biophys Res ... Protocol to assess the effects of dysfunctional human vascular smooth muscle cells on other brain cells using in vitro models ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Muscle,%20Smooth,%20Vascular
Antispasmodic effect of Mentha piperita essential oil on tracheal smooth muscle of ratsAntispasmodic effect of Mentha piperita essential oil on tracheal smooth muscle of rats
... J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Jul 20;130(2): ... Muscle Relaxation / drug effects* * Muscle, Smooth / drug effects* * Muscle, Smooth / innervation * Muscle, Smooth / metabolism ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20488237/
FC3 Changes in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage in primary vascular smooth muscle derived cells and tissue | HeartFC3 Changes in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage in primary vascular smooth muscle derived cells and tissue | Heart
FC3 Changes in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage in primary vascular smooth muscle derived cells and tissue ... FC3 Changes in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage in primary vascular smooth muscle derived cells and tissue ... FC3 Changes in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage in primary vascular smooth muscle derived cells and tissue ...
https://heart.bmj.com/content/96/17/e11.3.citation-tools
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Antibodies | Invitrogen ...positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Antibodies | Invitrogen ...
Antibodies for proteins involved in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation pathways, according to their ...
https://www.thermofisher.com/antibody/primary/panther/positive%20regulation%20of%20smooth%20muscle%20cell%20proliferation
Mast cell migration to Th2 stimulated airway smooth muscle from asthmatics | ThoraxMast cell migration to Th2 stimulated airway smooth muscle from asthmatics | Thorax
You need to be signed in to access email alerts. If you have an account log in with your user name and password. If you dont have an account you can just enter your email address in the email box below ...
https://thorax.bmj.com/content/61/8/657.alerts
Smooth Muscle Histology - Muscle types - histology slideSmooth Muscle Histology - Muscle types - histology slide
Muscle types - histology slide This is a comparison of the three types of muscle, in both cross section and longitudinal ...
http://www.histology-world.com/photoalbum/displayimage.php?album=24&pid=4630
Filaments in cultured vascular smooth muscle cell | 1988 Photomicrography Competition | Nikons Small WorldFilaments in cultured vascular smooth muscle cell | 1988 Photomicrography Competition | Nikon's Small World
Filaments in cultured vascular smooth muscle cell. Peter Dartsch Affiliation. University of Tuebingen. Institute of Physiology ...
https://www.nikonsmallworld.com/galleries/1988-photomicrography-competition/filaments-in-cultured-vascular-smooth-muscle-cell
Actin, Alpha-Smooth Muscle - ConcentratedActin, Alpha-Smooth Muscle - Concentrated
... and with smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and parenchymal ... Reacts with the a-smooth muscle isoform of actin, ... Alpha-smooth muscle actin, a differentiation marker of smooth muscle cells, is present in microfilamentous bundles of pericytes ... Reacts with the a-smooth muscle isoform of actin, and with smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and parenchymal tissue of ... A monoclonal antibody against alpha-smooth muscle actin: a new probe for smooth muscle differentiation. J Cell Biol 103: 2787- ...
https://biomeda.com/actin-alpha-smooth-muscle-concentrated.V1031.html
Hypercapnia increases airway smooth muscle contractility via caspase-7-mediated miR-133a-RhoA signaling Hypercapnia increases airway smooth muscle contractility via caspase-7-mediated miR-133a-RhoA signaling
Hypercapnia increases airway smooth muscle contractility via caspase-7-mediated miR-133a-RhoA signaling ... Hypercapnia increases airway smooth muscle contractility via caspase-7-mediated miR-133a-RhoA signaling ...
https://www.thoracic.org/members/assemblies/assemblies/aii/journal-club/hypercapnia-increases-airway-smooth-muscle-contractility-via-caspase-7-mediated-miR-133a-RhoA-signaling.php
Transcription factor activation and mitogenic synergism in airway smooth muscle cells | European Respiratory SocietyTranscription factor activation and mitogenic synergism in airway smooth muscle cells | European Respiratory Society
Transcription factor activation and mitogenic synergism in airway smooth muscle cells. T.L. Ediger, N.A. Schulte, T.J. Murphy, ... Transcription factor activation and mitogenic synergism in airway smooth muscle cells. T.L. Ediger, N.A. Schulte, T.J. Murphy, ... Transcription factor activation and mitogenic synergism in airway smooth muscle cells. T.L. Ediger, N.A. Schulte, T.J. Murphy, ... Human airway smooth muscle cells were treated with pertussis toxin (PTX; 100 ng·mL−1), AG1478 (2.5 µM), or U0126 (10 µM) for 30 ...
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/21/5/759
What is the structure of smooth muscle? (6 answers)What is the structure of smooth muscle? (6 answers)
our GI tract is made of smooth muscle mainly. smooth muscle is located in walls of hollow organs. the structure i guess would ... It is divided into two sub-groups; the single-unit (unitary) and multiunit smooth muscle. Within single-unit smooth muscle ... Smooth muscle is an involuntary non-striated muscle. ... well smooth muscle is involuntary. you dont have control over ... Multiunit smooth muscle tissues innervate individual cells; as such, they allow for fine control and gradual responses, much ...
https://www.funadvice.com/q/structure_smooth_muscle
JCI - Acquisition of the contractile phenotype by murine arterial smooth muscle cells depends on the Mir143/145 gene clusterJCI - Acquisition of the contractile phenotype by murine arterial smooth muscle cells depends on the Mir143/145 gene cluster
Acquisition of the contractile phenotype by murine arterial smooth muscle cells depends on the Mir143/145 gene cluster ... Acquisition of the contractile phenotype by murine arterial smooth muscle cells depends on the Mir143/145 gene cluster ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/38864/table/1
Smooth Muscle Cell Culture Category - PromoCellSmooth Muscle Cell Culture Category - PromoCell
Everything you need for smooth muscle cell culture: Cells derived from blood vessels, the respiratory tract or uterus, and our ... Smooth Muscle Cell Culture. Primary human smooth muscle cells derived from blood vessels, the respiratory tract or uterus of ... Smooth Muscle Cell Growth Medium 2. Low-serum cell culture medium for smooth muscle cells from blood vessels and hollow organs ... Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells (HBSMC). Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells isolated from the human bronchi from single ...
https://promocell.com/product-category/human-primary-cell-culture/smooth-muscle-cell-culture/
Tissue expression of GDE1 - Staining in smooth muscle - The Human Protein AtlasTissue expression of GDE1 - Staining in smooth muscle - The Human Protein Atlas
... in smooth muscle tissue. Antibody staining with in immunohistochemistry. ... TISSUE SMOOTH MUSCLE ADIPOSE TISSUE ADRENAL GLAND AMYGDALA APPENDIX BASAL GANGLIA BONE MARROW BREAST CEREBELLUM CEREBRAL CORTEX ... SMOOTH MUSCLE SPINAL CORD SPLEEN STOMACH TESTIS THALAMUS THYMUS THYROID GLAND TONGUE TONSIL URINARY BLADDER VAGINA WHITE MATTER ... Smooth muscle. Scaled Tags Per Million: 100.1 FF:10048-101G3. 20-68 years, male. 100.1. ...
http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000006007-GDE1/tissue/smooth+muscle
Effects of mucosal removal on guinea-pig airway smooth muscle responsiveness | Clinical Science | Portland PressEffects of mucosal removal on guinea-pig airway smooth muscle responsiveness | Clinical Science | Portland Press
Effects of mucosal removal on guinea-pig airway smooth muscle responsiveness Christopher Murlas Christopher Murlas ... asthma, airway epithelial cells, bronchial hyper-reactivity, cyclo-oxygenase inhibition, smooth muscle ... Christopher Murlas; Effects of mucosal removal on guinea-pig airway smooth muscle responsiveness. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 June 1986; ... 5. We conclude that the airway mucosa may be associated with a factor that reduces airway smooth muscle responsiveness to ...
https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/70/6/571/73856/Effects-of-mucosal-removal-on-guinea-pig-airway?redirectedFrom=PDF
Autophagy-lysosomal defect in human CADASIL vascular smooth muscle cells
... Author: Hanemaaijer, Evelyn S.; Panahi, Mahmod; ... Autophagy-lysosomal defect in human CADASIL vascular smooth muscle cells. Show full item record ... Autophagy-lysosomal defect in human CADASIL vascular smooth muscle cells , European Journal of Cell Biology , vol. 97 , no. 8 ...
https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/307690
negative regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation - Ontology Browser - Rat Genome Databasenegative regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation - Ontology Browser - Rat Genome Database
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation + positive regulation of kidney smooth muscle ... negative regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation (GO:2000357). Annotations: Rat: (1) Mouse: (1) Human: (1) ... negative regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, ... negative regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation ... negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation + ...
https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/ontology/view.html?acc_id=GO:2000357
Arterial smooth muscle cell PKD2 (TRPP1) channels regulate systemic blood pressure | eLifeArterial smooth muscle cell PKD2 (TRPP1) channels regulate systemic blood pressure | eLife
2010) Phenylephrine induces elevated RhoA activation and smooth muscle alpha-actin expression in Pkd2+/- vascular smooth muscle ... one or more proteins that have been proposed in smooth muscle or non-smooth muscle cell types, proteins that have not yet been ... the effects of smooth muscle PKD2 on blood pressure regulation are striking and convincing. The effects of smooth muscle ... smooth muscle myosin heavy polipeptide 11 (Myh11) promoter.. Strain, strain background (M. musculus). Pkd2fl/fl:smCre+. This ...
https://elifesciences.org/articles/42628
KEGG PATHWAY: Vascular smooth muscle contraction - Homo sapiens (human)KEGG PATHWAY: Vascular smooth muscle contraction - Homo sapiens (human)
Vascular smooth muscle contraction - Homo sapiens (human) [ Pathway menu , Organism menu , Pathway entry , Download KGML , Show ... The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. On contraction, ...
https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/hsa04270+552+553
The role of the calponin homology domain of smoothelin-like 1 (SMTNL1) in myosin phosphatase inihibition and smooth muscle...The role of the calponin homology domain of smoothelin-like 1 (SMTNL1) in myosin phosphatase inihibition and smooth muscle...
The role of the calponin homology domain of smoothelin-like 1 (SMTNL1) in myosin phosphatase inihibition and smooth muscle ... The role of the calponin homology domain of smoothelin-like 1 (SMTNL1) in myosin phosphatase inihibition and smooth muscle ... in myosin phosphatase inihibition and smooth muscle contraction. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 327, 93 - 100. ...
https://www.rti.org/publication/role-calponin-homology-domain-smoothelin-1-smtnl1-myosin-phosphatase-inihibition-and
Tissue and substrate specificity of inhibition by alkoxy-aryl-lactams of platelet and arterial smooth muscle cyclic nucleotide...Tissue and substrate specificity of inhibition by alkoxy-aryl-lactams of platelet and arterial smooth muscle cyclic nucleotide...
Tissue and substrate specificity of inhibition by alkoxy-aryl-lactams of platelet and arterial smooth muscle cyclic nucleotide ... Tissue and substrate specificity of inhibition by alkoxy-aryl-lactams of platelet and arterial smooth muscle cyclic nucleotide ...
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02513846
Heterogeneity of smooth muscle alpha adrenoceptors in rat tail artery in vitro. | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental...Heterogeneity of smooth muscle alpha adrenoceptors in rat tail artery in vitro. | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental...
Heterogeneity of smooth muscle alpha adrenoceptors in rat tail artery in vitro.. I C Medgett and S Z Langer ... Heterogeneity of smooth muscle alpha adrenoceptors in rat tail artery in vitro.. I C Medgett and S Z Langer ... Heterogeneity of smooth muscle alpha adrenoceptors in rat tail artery in vitro.. I C Medgett and S Z Langer ... Heterogeneity of smooth muscle alpha adrenoceptors in rat tail artery in vitro. ...
https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/229/3/823/tab-e-letters
Induction of angiogenesis by airway smooth muscle from patients with asthma<...
Induction of angiogenesis by airway smooth muscle from patients with asthma. D E Simcock, V Kanabar, Graham W Clarke, K Mahn, C ... Induction of angiogenesis by airway smooth muscle from patients with asthma. / Simcock, D E; Kanabar, V; Clarke, Graham W et al ... Induction of angiogenesis by airway smooth muscle from patients with asthma. In: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical ... Induction of angiogenesis by airway smooth muscle from patients with asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care ...
https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/induction-of-angiogenesis-by-airway-smooth-muscle-from-patients-w
ContractionAortic Smooth MusclActinCellsTracheal smooth muscleMyocytesVascular smooth muscContractilityBlood VesselsArterial smoothRelaxationTissuesTissueEndotheliumHypoxia-induced pulmonaryCellSkeletal musclesPulmonaryFibersAntibodies2018RegulationAsthmaUrinary bladderIncreasesMucosalAirway hyperresponsivenessHumanReducesStimulationTracheaInducesContractionsInnervatesInvoluntaryGastrointestinal
Contraction9
  • Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and abnormal airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction. (nature.com)
  • Asthma affects ∼ 334 million people worldwide, yet little is known regarding the underlying aetiology of the exaggerated airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction that leads to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). (nature.com)
  • Arterial smooth muscle cell (myocyte) contraction reduces luminal diameter, leading to an increase in systemic blood pressure, whereas relaxation results in vasodilation that decreases blood pressure. (elifesciences.org)
  • The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. (kegg.jp)
  • Is concerta less likely going to cause smooth muscle contraction than ritalin (methylphenidate)? (healthtap.com)
  • IQGAP1-dependent scaffold suppresses RhoA and inhibits airway smooth muscle contraction. (escholarship.org)
  • Together, these data demonstrate that IQGAP1 acts as a scaffold that colocalizes p190A-RhoGAP and RhoA, inactivating RhoA and suppressing airway smooth muscle contraction. (escholarship.org)
  • Although vasomotor responses to hypoxia are modulated by endothelial factors and autonomic innervation , it is well established that arterial smooth muscle cells contain an acute O2 sensing system capable of detecting changes in O2 tension and to signal membrane ion channels , which in turn regulate cytosolic Ca2+ levels and myocyte contraction. (bvsalud.org)
  • This refers to the contraction of the smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. (medlineplus.gov)
Aortic Smooth Muscl4
  • Primary Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells isolated from the human aorta. (promocell.com)
  • 1. Conditioned media from cultured rabbit and rat aortic smooth muscle cells showed high migration activity for smooth muscle cells. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Publications] Noriguki Koyama,Tomiko Koshikawa,Nobuhiro Morisaki,Yasushi Saito,Sho Yoshida: 'Bifunctional effects of trarsforming growth factorーβ on migration of culfured rat aortic smooth muscle cells' Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.169. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Protein kinase C isoforms in human aortic smooth muscle cells. (duke.edu)
Actin8
  • Reacts with the a-smooth muscle isoform of actin, and with smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and parenchymal tissue of intestine, testis, and ovary. (biomeda.com)
  • It does not react with actin from fibroblasts (beta- and gamma-cytoplasmic), striated muscle (alpha-sarcomeric) and myocardium (alpha-myocardial). (biomeda.com)
  • Acetyl group and the four amino acids on the terminal end of the peptide chain of alpha-smoooth muscle actin. (biomeda.com)
  • 1. Skalli O, Ropraz P, Trzeciak A, Benzonana G, Gillesen D, Gabbiani G. A monoclonal antibody against alpha-smooth muscle actin: a new probe for smooth muscle differentiation. (biomeda.com)
  • Alpha-smooth muscle actin, a differentiation marker of smooth muscle cells, is present in microfilamentous bundles of pericytes. (biomeda.com)
  • 6. Schmitt-Gräff A, Krüger S, Bochard F, Gabbiani G, Denk H. Modulation of alpha smooth muscle actin and desmin expression in perisinusoidal cells of normal and diseased human livers. (biomeda.com)
  • Muscles contract by sliding the thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments along each other. (rhumbarlv.com)
  • Cells were then analyzed by detecting the expression of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), collagen I, alpha smooth muscle cell actin (α-SMA), and activated Smads using Western blot. (medscimonit.com)
Cells38
  • Protocol to assess the effects of dysfunctional human vascular smooth muscle cells on other brain cells using in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease. (harvard.edu)
  • Smooth muscle differentiation in cultured human breast gland stromal cells. (biomeda.com)
  • Simultaneous treatment of human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) leads to strikingly synergistic stimulation of mitogenesis. (ersjournals.com)
  • Within single-unit smooth muscle tissues, the autonomic nervous system innervates a single cell within a sheet or bundle and the action potential is propagated by gap junctions to neighboring cells such that the whole bundle or sheet contracts as a syncytium (i.e., a multinucleate mass of cytoplasm that is not separated into cells). (funadvice.com)
  • Primary human smooth muscle cells derived from blood vessels, the respiratory tract or uterus of individual donors. (promocell.com)
  • With our vascular cells and suitable medium, we offer everything you need for your smooth muscle cell culture application. (promocell.com)
  • Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells isolated from the human bronchi from single donors. (promocell.com)
  • Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells isolated from the human coronary arteries. (promocell.com)
  • Primary Human Tracheal Smooth Muscle Cells isolated from the trachea from single donors. (promocell.com)
  • Systemic blood pressure is determined, in part, by arterial smooth muscle cells (myocytes). (elifesciences.org)
  • smooth muscle cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • To prove the effectiveness and feasibility of a paclitaxel hirudin complex and to provide experimental data on the prevention of restenosis, we investigated the effects of paclitaxel hirudin complexes on the growth of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) and endothelial cells (HCAECs) in vitro. (uwi.edu)
  • Normal arteries contained little or no cathepsin K or S. In contrast, macrophages in atheroma contained abundant immunoreactive cathepsins K and S. Intimal smooth muscle cells (SMC), especially cells appearing to traverse the internal elastic laminae, also contained these enzymes. (harvard.edu)
  • We recently demonstrated that thapsigargin-induced passive store depletion activates Ca 2+ entry in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) through stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)/Orai1, independently of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels. (elsevier.com)
  • These results suggested that SDMF was a new factor different from known migration factors for smooth muscle cells. (nii.ac.jp)
  • 3. Secretion of SDMF was 2-3 fold higher in the smooth muscle cells from atherosclerotic intima than that in the smooth muscle cells from normal media. (nii.ac.jp)
  • 4. Preincubation with transforming growth factor- beta reduced secretion of SDMF from smooth muscle cells. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Publications] Noriyuki Koyama,Tomoko Koshikawa,Nobuhiro Morisaki,Yasushi Saito,Sho Yoshida: 'Secretion of a potert new migration factor for smooth muscle cells (SMC) by cultured SMC' Atherosclerosis. (nii.ac.jp)
  • A new study shows targeting a protein in smooth muscle cells can block and decrease buildup of atherosclerotic plaque in mouse models, according to researchers with UTHealth Houston. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
  • We are trying to identify new pathways that cause atherosclerotic plaque buildup, in particular pathways that involve a certain cell type, called smooth muscle cells," says Dianna Milewicz, MD, PhD, lead author of the study and a professor and President George Bush Chair in Cardiovascular Medicine at McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
  • For many years, researchers have been focused on other cell types, like endothelial cells and macrophages, but more recent studies have highlighted a role of smooth muscle cells in plaque formation. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
  • We found that if we block a specific protein in smooth muscle cells, we can effectively block the majority of plaque formation from occurring in an animal model. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
  • This tells us that blocking PERK in smooth muscle cells is important in plaque formation. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
  • Interestingly, this protein is activated in smooth muscle cells by too much cholesterol in the cells," Milewicz says. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
  • Now that we know this buildup can be blocked by targeting smooth muscle cells, we can use medication that is already available and target this pathway to help patients with atherosclerotic plaque buildup. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
  • Likewise, knockdown of IQGAP1 in primary human airway smooth muscle cells increased RhoA activity. (escholarship.org)
  • PURPOSE: To identify the protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) and define their subcellular location in the resting state and in response to the PKC activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). (duke.edu)
  • Acute oxygen sensing by vascular smooth muscle cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Beta2-agonist bronchodilators activate specific B2-adrenergic receptors on the surface of smooth muscle cells, which increases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and smooth muscle relaxation. (medscape.com)
  • A smooth muscle is composed of elongated spindle-shaped cells, each with a single nucleus. (rhumbarlv.com)
  • In rat uterine smooth muscle cells, wild type RGS16 abolished Gi-mediated alpha 2-adrenoreceptor signaling, whereas RGS16E89K was without effect. (caltech.edu)
  • jojoba beads remove dead skin cells, revealing smoother, softer skin. (beautybarcosmetics.com)
  • jojoba beads: exfoliates the skin to remove dead skin cells and smooth skin. (beautybarcosmetics.com)
  • BTC exhibits mitogenic activity for retinal pigment epithelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. (goldbio.com)
  • Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • 28acid it would seem to inactivateThe diagnosisOptions responses: assign the score belowon the tera - on the characteristics of the molecule, ofproliferation of smooth muscle cells, vascular [6]. (dmn.ca)
  • Capsaicin, the potent agonist of TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1), was found to mitigate hypoxic-related injury and reverse phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells. (qualitycounts.com)
  • The tebu-bio cell culture offer covers a wide range of cell types (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, epithelial cells and many other critical types) from a large variety of tissues (bone, brain, cardiac cells, skin, liver, and more) in both cryopreserved and proliferating format. (tebu-bio.com)
Tracheal smooth muscle5
  • however, the effect of the drug on tracheal smooth muscle has been rarely explored. (medsci.org)
  • We used our preparation to test the effectiveness of menthol on isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle. (medsci.org)
  • 3) effect of the drug on electrically induced tracheal smooth muscle contractions. (medsci.org)
  • To date, the effect of menthol on tracheal smooth muscle has been rarely explored. (medsci.org)
  • Cell membrane potential (Em) and isometric force development were measured simultaneously using isolated preparations of ferret tracheal smooth muscle in the study of the possible electromechanical effects on airway muscle of leukotriene-D4 (LTD4). (cdc.gov)
Myocytes1
  • Muscles are composed of long bundles of myocytes or muscle fibers. (rhumbarlv.com)
Vascular smooth musc1
  • A machine learning pipeline revealing heterogeneous responses to drug perturbations on vascular smooth muscle cell spheroid morphology and formation. (harvard.edu)
Contractility3
  • Novel Effector Molecules Regulating Smooth Muscle Cell Contractility in Marfan Syndrome: Phosphoprotein 1 Secreted by Fibroblasts. (harvard.edu)
  • Here, we determined that IQGAP1 modulates airway smooth muscle contractility. (escholarship.org)
  • RhoA, a regulator of airway smooth muscle contractility, was activated in airway smooth muscle lysates from Iqgap1-/- mice. (escholarship.org)
Blood Vessels2
  • The nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels. (harvard.edu)
  • The main component of Tadacip is Tadalafil, it relaxes smooth muscles, widens blood vessels in the penis and this allows blood to fill cavernous bodies and result in erection. (viagracom24h.com)
Arterial smooth1
  • Tissue and substrate specificity of inhibition by alkoxy-aryl-lactams of platelet and arterial smooth muscle cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases relationship to pharmacological activity. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Relaxation1
  • When endoscopically injected into the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), interference with cholinergic transmission of the myenteric plexus leads to smooth muscle relaxation with a subsequent fall of the LES resting pressure. (medscape.com)
Tissues3
  • HVD is produced in most systemic arteries , in particular in the skeletal muscle , coronary, and cerebral circulations , to increase blood supply to poorly oxygenated tissues . (bvsalud.org)
  • HA, dissolved in the water surrounding all tissues, becomes a living lubricant that allows smooth sliding and gliding between adjacent muscles, tendons, and bones. (irunfar.com)
  • Besides the hormone effects modifications over the whole maternal organism, the local tissues, such as muscles, are also modified by them, which influence the accidental urine loss during pregnancy. (scirp.org)
Tissue7
  • Its diagnostic signature is the reversibility of airway obstruction by drug relaxing the airway smooth muscle (ASM), confirming the importance of this tissue in asthma symptoms. (hindawi.com)
  • Muscle fiber membrane damage was identified on tissue sections by using fluorescent microscopy showing the presence of the tracer in the cytoplasm. (nih.gov)
  • Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) represents a central pathophysiological hallmark of bronchial asthma, with airway clean muscle (ASM) being the effector tissue implicated within the onset of AHR. (aabioetica.org)
  • Endomysial antibodies of the IgA subclass present in the serum bind to the reticulin component of the endomysium of the smooth muscle in monkey esophagus tissue and can be detected by indirect immunofluorescence. (cdc.gov)
  • HA is a polysaccharide - a molecule consisting of multiple simple sugars - that is found between tissue layers, particularly between deep fascia - the connective tissue that encapsulates and separates muscles, tendons, and bones - and adjacent muscle. (irunfar.com)
  • Indeed, my clinical experience finds that deficits of tissue play - the relative motion between one tissue layer and its neighbor - to be a far more prominent issue in both functional stiffness and myofascial pain than a muscle or tendon being stiff or strained. (irunfar.com)
  • Botulinum toxin type A produces denervation of affected muscle tissue by irreversibly binding to presynaptic nerve endings and inhibiting the release of acetylcholine. (medscape.com)
Endothelium1
  • IGF immunostaining revealed the presence of the peptides in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium, bronchial glands, bronchial and vascular smooth muscle, endothelium, and macrophages. (cdc.gov)
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary2
  • Vascular smooth muscle ROCK1 contributes to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension development in mice. (harvard.edu)
  • These results suggest that hypoxia induces pulmonary artery smooth muscle dysfunction through mitochondrial fragmentation-mediated ER stress and that mitochondrial morphology is a potential target for treatment of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle dysfunction. (aging-us.com)
Cell10
  • Chitinase 3 like 1 is a regulator of smooth muscle cell physiology and atherosclerotic lesion stability. (harvard.edu)
  • Regulation of human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell proliferation is clinically relevant to the pathology of asthma because increases in airway smooth muscle mass are seen in asthma and contribute to enhanced airway narrowing 1 , 2 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Our optimized smooth muscle cell medium provides optimal growth support over numerous passages. (promocell.com)
  • Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation. (mcw.edu)
  • Inducible, smooth muscle cell-specific PKD2 knockout lowers both physiological blood pressure and hypertension and prevents pathological arterial remodeling during hypertension. (elifesciences.org)
  • We named this factor smooth muscle cell derived growth factor (SDGF). (nii.ac.jp)
  • Publications] Yasushi Saito,Nobuhiro Morisaki,Noriyuki Koyama: 'Autocrine system for smooth muscle cell miyration and proliferation in the arterial wall' Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci.578. (nii.ac.jp)
  • There are a lot of drugs on the market that block the smooth muscle cell pathway," says Abhijnan Chattopadhyay, PhD, first author on the study and a research fellow in the Division of Medical Genetics at McGovern Medical School. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) dysfunction. (aging-us.com)
  • Emerging evidence suggests that the combination of stenting and targeted delivery of drugs with antiproliferative properties, aiming to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal hyperplasia, improves the outcomes of endoluminal treatments of distal vessel disease. (ptca.org)
Skeletal muscles1
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Effect of alcohols on smooth & skeletal muscles. (who.int)
Pulmonary3
  • In addition, as a transcription factor, STAT3 was identified to bound to miR-146b promoter to induce its expression, while miR-146b was proved to promote smooth muscle reprogramming through inhibiting STAT1 and TET2 expression during pulmonary vascular remodeling. (researchsquare.com)
  • Zhuan B , Wang X , Wang M , Li Z , Yuan Q , Xie J , Yang Z , . Hypoxia induces pulmonary artery smooth muscle dysfunction through mitochondrial fragmentation-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. (aging-us.com)
  • Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation using Mdivi-1 attenuated mitochondrial fragmentation and ER stress in hypoxic PASMCs and improved the pulmonary artery smooth muscle function in hypoxic rats. (aging-us.com)
Fibers2
  • On the fourth day, following IRB, the dogs were placed under general anaesthesia, and the diaphragm was perfused via the internal mammary artery with a low molecular weight fluorescent tracer (Procion orange, FW = 631), to which normal muscle fibers are impermeable. (nih.gov)
  • Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (bvsalud.org)
Antibodies5
  • Anti-smooth muscle antibody is a blood test that detects the presence of antibodies against smooth muscle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These conditions can trigger the body to form antibodies against smooth muscle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anti-smooth muscle antibodies are not often seen in diseases other than autoimmune hepatitis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other antibodies may be present, even when the anti-smooth muscle antibodies are absent. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In unexposed lungs, TGFB antibodies demonstrated the minimal presence of TGF isoforms in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium, and rare presence in macrophages, cartilage, bronchial and vascular smooth muscle. (cdc.gov)
20181
  • 1 . Mahapatra C, Brain KL, Manchanda R (2018) A biophysically constrained computational model of the action potential of mouse urinary bladder smooth muscle. (yale.edu)
Regulation2
  • We generated the first inducible, smooth muscle-specific knockout mice for a TRP channel, namely for PKD2 (TRPP1), to investigate arterial myocyte and blood pressure regulation by this protein. (elifesciences.org)
  • Prostaglandin regulation of airway smooth muscle tone. (cdc.gov)
Asthma3
  • Because of the possible dual action of menthol on sensory nerves and smooth muscle, it may have a therapeutic role in upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis and asthma. (medsci.org)
  • Increased airway smooth muscle mass is one component of airway remodelling, an important process in the pathology not only of asthma, but also of fibrotic diseases such as chronic bronchitis. (ersjournals.com)
  • RATIONALE: Airway remodeling in asthma involves accumulation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) and increased vascularity due to angiogenesis. (monash.edu)
Urinary bladder1
  • TITLE T-type calcium channel : Author: Chitaranjan Mahapatra ([email protected]) : Computational Neurophysiology Lab : Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India : For details refer: : Mahapatra C, Brain KL, Manchanda R, A biophysically constrained computational model of the action potential : of mouse urinary bladder smooth muscle. (yale.edu)
Increases2
  • uncoupling of intracellular calcium increases with muscle contractile elements. (madsci.org)
  • The specific CV tuning process reduces rider's muscle fatigue and increases control for a better overall performance, especially on bumpy roads and cobblestone sections. (coloradocyclist.com)
Mucosal2
  • 1. The contractile response to histamine, acetylcholine (ACh), KCl or electrical field stimulation (EFS) was examined in paired tracheal rings (one of each being denuded by mucosal rubbing), which were mounted in muscle chambers filled with a continuously aerated physiological salt solution at 37°C. (portlandpress.com)
  • In the bronchial mucosa, these mediators of immediate-hypersensitivity reactions rapidly induce mucosal edema, mucous production, and smooth muscle constriction, and eventually elicit an inflammatory infiltrate. (jci.org)
Airway hyperresponsiveness1
  • Smooth Muscle Hypercontractility in Airway Hyperresponsiveness: Innate, Acquired, or Nonexistent? (hindawi.com)
Human1
  • Caffeine damage in human corpus cavernous smooth muscle con- 3. (psm.edu)
Reduces1
  • 5. We conclude that the airway mucosa may be associated with a factor that reduces airway smooth muscle responsiveness to stimulation. (portlandpress.com)
Stimulation3
  • 1. In the present study we investigated desensitization phenomena of guinea-pig jejunal longitudinal smooth muscle responses after stimulation with 100 microM histamine or methacholine, using a superfusion method. (vu.nl)
  • Pretreatment of ferret tracheal muscle with 10(- 10)M LTD4 for 20 minutes potentiated both electrical and mechanical responsiveness of ferret airway muscle to subsequent acetylcholine stimulation. (cdc.gov)
  • The authors conclude that there is an electrical basis for the slow, prolonged force generation of airway muscle caused by LTD4, and that LTD4 potentiates the electromechanical responsiveness of the airway muscle to muscarinic stimulation. (cdc.gov)
Trachea1
  • A 5 mm long portion of rat trachea was submersed in 30 ml Krebs solution in a muscle bath at 37ºC. (medsci.org)
Induces1
  • We conclude that resistive breathing of a magnitude similar to that seen in some respiratory diseases, or used in respiratory muscle training programs induces muscle membrane and sarcomere injury. (nih.gov)
Contractions1
  • Urinary incontinence is associated with enhanced spontaneous phasic contractions of the detrusor smooth muscle (DSM). (yale.edu)
Innervates1
  • A cartilage/ by cn iii) contracts and prevents enos nos and the anterior rami of the prostate, the primary measure has been culture and gender differ- ences between the muscles it innervates. (psm.edu)
Involuntary2
Gastrointestinal1
  • It has a strong effect on the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, stimulating its motility, bile flow, pancreatic and gastric secretions, and mediates analgesic effects in the central nervous system. (iceers.org)
Benign Cervical Lesions: Embryology, Anatomy, Physiology
Benign Cervical Lesions: Embryology, Anatomy, Physiology (emedicine.medscape.com)
Young gay smooth muscle and twink cock stories - Euro Boy XXX!
Young gay smooth muscle and twink cock stories - Euro Boy XXX! (homemadegaysex.com)
DailyMed - OPANA ER- oxymorphone hydrochloride tablet, film coated, extended release
DailyMed - OPANA ER- oxymorphone hydrochloride tablet, film coated, extended release (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)
Alpha-smooth muscle actin, mouse | Semantic Scholar
Alpha-smooth muscle actin, mouse | Semantic Scholar (semanticscholar.org)
Plus it
Plus it (erj.ersjournals.com)
Connective Tissue Tumors in Animals - Integumentary System - Merck Veterinary Manual
Connective Tissue Tumors in Animals - Integumentary System - Merck Veterinary Manual (merckvetmanual.com)
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use ULTRAM ER safely and effectively. See full prescribing...
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use ULTRAM ER safely and effectively. See full prescribing... (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)
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Smooth Muscle Histology (histology-world.com)
What Is Acetylcholine? Definition, Functions, and More
What Is Acetylcholine? Definition, Functions, and More (wikihow.com)
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Constipated Before Period: Causes, Treatment, Prevention, More (healthline.com)
Hypertension-induced cognitive impairment: from pathophysiology to public health | Nature Reviews Nephrology
Hypertension-induced cognitive impairment: from pathophysiology to public health | Nature Reviews Nephrology (nature.com)
Diagnosis and Management of Q Fever - United States, 2013
Diagnosis and Management of Q Fever - United States, 2013 (cdc.gov)
Goat Anti Rabbit (IgG) secondary antibody Alexa Fluor® 594 (ab150080) | Abcam
Goat Anti Rabbit (IgG) secondary antibody Alexa Fluor® 594 (ab150080) | Abcam (abcam.com)
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Smooth Muscle Histology - Smooth muscle - histology slide (histology-world.com)
Animal and Human Cells in Culture | Nikon's MicroscopyU
Animal and Human Cells in Culture | Nikon's MicroscopyU (microscopyu.com)
Effects of mucosal removal on guinea-pig airway smooth muscle responsiveness | Clinical Science | Portland Press
Effects of mucosal removal on guinea-pig airway smooth muscle responsiveness | Clinical Science | Portland Press (portlandpress.com)
Antifibrotic Activity of Acylated and Unacylated Ghrelin
Antifibrotic Activity of Acylated and Unacylated Ghrelin (hindawi.com)
Retinopathy News, Research
Retinopathy News, Research (news-medical.net)
Quantitative structural mechanobiology of platelet-driven blood clot contraction | Nature Communications
Quantitative structural mechanobiology of platelet-driven blood clot contraction | Nature Communications (nature.com)
Leiomyosarcoma Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, Research & Support
Leiomyosarcoma Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, Research & Support (sarcomahelp.org)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Smoking Cessation, Management of...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Smoking Cessation, Management of... (medscape.com)
Effects of Medications on Lower Urinary Tract Function
Effects of Medications on Lower Urinary Tract Function (medscape.com)
Immunopathogenesis of Allergic Disorders: Current Concepts
Immunopathogenesis of Allergic Disorders: Current Concepts (medscape.com)
Autoimmune liver disease panel: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Autoimmune liver disease panel: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (medlineplus.gov)
Sarcomatoid and Rhabdoid Renal Cell Carcinoma Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology
Sarcomatoid and Rhabdoid Renal Cell Carcinoma Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology (medscape.com)