Muscle relaxation. Medical search

That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

Treatment to improve one's health condition by using techniques that can reduce PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; or both.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage.

A state arrived at through prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle. Studies in athletes during prolonged submaximal exercise have shown that muscle fatigue increases in almost direct proportion to the rate of muscle glycogen depletion. Muscle fatigue in short-term maximal exercise is associated with oxygen lack and an increased level of blood and muscle lactic acid, and an accompanying increase in hydrogen-ion concentration in the exercised muscle.

The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Porphyrins with four methyl and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings.

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

A subfamily of small heat-shock proteins that are closely related to ALPHA B-CRYSTALLIN. Hsp20 heat-shock proteins can undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by CYCLIC GMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES.

The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.

A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.

Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

Activity which reduces the feelings of tension and the effects of STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified.

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.

Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.

The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue.

The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type I MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have low ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment.

The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch. In skeletal muscle, tonus is dependent upon efferent innervation. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.

Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

New World marsupials of the family Didelphidae. Opossums are omnivorous, largely nocturnal and arboreal MAMMALS, grow to about three feet in length, including the scaly prehensile tail, and have an abdominal pouch in which the young are carried at birth.

Mitochondria of skeletal and smooth muscle. It does not include myocardial mitochondria for which MITOCHONDRIA, HEART is available.

An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6)

The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.

A group of cyclic GMP-dependent enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues of proteins.

A diverse group of agents, with unique chemical structures and biochemical requirements, which generate NITRIC OXIDE. These compounds have been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the management of acute myocardial infarction, acute and chronic congestive heart failure, and surgical control of blood pressure. (Adv Pharmacol 1995;34:361-81)

Endogenously-synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS.

Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.

The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus).

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. It also acts on ITP and dGTP. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.6.1.2.

The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.

Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.

The terminal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, beginning from the ampulla of the RECTUM and ending at the anus.

One of two types of muscle in the body, characterized by the array of bands observed under microscope. Striated muscles can be divided into two subtypes: the CARDIAC MUSCLE and the SKELETAL MUSCLE.

An indicator and reagent. It has been used in serum albumin determinations and as a pH indicator.

Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of eight (8) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Androstanes and androstane derivatives which are substituted in any position with one or more hydroxyl groups.

A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).

The state of the PENIS when the erectile tissue becomes filled or swollen (tumid) with BLOOD and causes the penis to become rigid and elevated. It is a complex process involving CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS; HORMONES; SMOOTH MUSCLES; and vascular functions.

Skeletal muscle structures that function as the MECHANORECEPTORS responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (REFLEX, STRETCH). They are composed of a bundle of encapsulated SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, i.e., the intrafusal fibers (nuclear bag 1 fibers, nuclear bag 2 fibers, and nuclear chain fibers) innervated by SENSORY NEURONS.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A heterogeneous group of drugs used to produce muscle relaxation, excepting the neuromuscular blocking agents. They have their primary clinical and therapeutic uses in the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. They have been used also for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p358)

A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.

A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.

A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.

The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Inherited myotonic disorders with early childhood onset MYOTONIA. Muscular hypertrophy is common and myotonia may impair ambulation and other movements. It is classified as Thomsen (autosomal dominant) or Becker (autosomal recessive) generalized myotonia mainly based on the inheritance pattern. Becker type is also clinically more severe. An autosomal dominant variant with milder symptoms and later onset is known as myotonia levior. Mutations in the voltage-dependent skeletal muscle chloride channel are associated with the disorders.

Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. (from Stedman, 25th ed)

Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (MUSCLE FIBERS, SKELETAL), cardiac (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC), and smooth (MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called MYOBLASTS.

Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.

The quadriceps femoris. A collective name of the four-headed skeletal muscle of the thigh, comprised of the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws.

Low molecular weight, calcium binding muscle proteins. Their physiological function is possibly related to the contractile process.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.

A phosphoprotein phosphatase that is specific for MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. It is composed of three subunits, which include a catalytic subunit, a myosin binding subunit, and a third subunit of unknown function.

The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.

A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.

Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib, and contract during inspiration or respiration. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of phosphodiesterases.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

The therapy technique of providing the status of one's own AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM function (e.g., skin temperature, heartbeats, brain waves) as visual or auditory feedback in order to self-control related conditions (e.g., hypertension, migraine headaches).

A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.

A state of consciousness in which the individual eliminates environmental stimuli from awareness so that the mind can focus on a single thing, producing a state of relaxation and relief from stress. A wide variety of techniques are used to clear the mind of stressful outside interferences. It includes meditation therapy. (Mosby's Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)

Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.

Drugs that interrupt transmission of nerve impulses at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. They can be of two types, competitive, stabilizing blockers (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS) or noncompetitive, depolarizing agents (NEUROMUSCULAR DEPOLARIZING AGENTS). Both prevent acetylcholine from triggering the muscle contraction and they are used as anesthesia adjuvants, as relaxants during electroshock, in convulsive states, etc.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblasts lying in close contact with adult skeletal muscle. They are thought to play a role in muscle repair and regeneration.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Calcium-transporting ATPases that catalyze the active transport of CALCIUM into the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM vesicles from the CYTOPLASM. They are primarily found in MUSCLE CELLS and play a role in the relaxation of MUSCLES.

A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.

A cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase subtype that is expressed in SMOOTH MUSCLE tissues and plays a role in regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Two isoforms, PKGIalpha and PKGIbeta, of the type I protein kinase exist due to alternative splicing of its mRNA.

The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .

Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.

Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.

The pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles that make up the upper and fore part of the chest in front of the AXILLA.

A G-protein-coupled, proteinase-activated receptor that is expressed in a variety of tissues including ENDOTHELIUM; LEUKOCYTES; and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. The receptor is activated by TRYPSIN, which cleaves off the N-terminal peptide from the receptor. The new N-terminal peptide is a cryptic ligand for the receptor. The uncleaved receptor can also be activated by the N-terminal peptide present on the activated THROMBIN RECEPTOR and by small synthetic peptides that contain the unmasked N-terminal sequence.

An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.

A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.

The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.

A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology.

Examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the larynx performed with a specially designed endoscope.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Cell membrane glycoproteins that are selectively permeable to potassium ions. At least eight major groups of K channels exist and they are made up of dozens of different subunits.

Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The superior portion of the body of the stomach above the level of the cardiac notch.

The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.

An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.

Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A ureahydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine or canavanine to yield L-ornithine (ORNITHINE) and urea. Deficiency of this enzyme causes HYPERARGININEMIA. EC 3.5.3.1.

One of two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The beta adrenergic receptors play an important role in regulating CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation, and GLYCOGENOLYSIS.

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)

A major class of calcium activated potassium channels whose members are voltage-dependent. MaxiK channels are activated by either membrane depolarization or an increase in intracellular Ca(2+). They are key regulators of calcium and electrical signaling in a variety of tissues.

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws; its posterior portion retracts the mandible.

The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.

A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA). The adrenergic beta-2 receptors are more sensitive to EPINEPHRINE than to NOREPINEPHRINE and have a high affinity for the agonist TERBUTALINE. They are widespread, with clinically important roles in SKELETAL MUSCLE; LIVER; and vascular, bronchial, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary SMOOTH MUSCLE.

The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.

A mixed function oxidase enzyme which during hemoglobin catabolism catalyzes the degradation of heme to ferrous iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin in the presence of molecular oxygen and reduced NADPH. The enzyme is induced by metals, particularly cobalt. EC 1.14.99.3.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Porphyrins with four methyl, two vinyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Protoporphyrin IX occurs in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and most of the cytochromes.

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.

The muscles of the PHARYNX are voluntary muscles arranged in two layers. The external circular layer consists of three constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior). The internal longitudinal layer consists of the palatopharyngeus, the salpingopharyngeus, and the stylopharyngeus. During swallowing, the outer layer constricts the pharyngeal wall and the inner layer elevates pharynx and LARYNX.

A 37-amino acid residue peptide isolated from the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus. It is a neurotoxin that inhibits calcium activated potassium channels.

The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.

The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.

An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.

Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.

A highly neurotoxic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It consists of 18 amino acids with two disulfide bridges and causes hyperexcitability resulting in convulsions and respiratory paralysis.

The veins and arteries of the HEART.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.

The constant checking on the state or condition of a patient during the course of a surgical operation (e.g., checking of vital signs).

A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that assist with muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions.

Area of the FRONTAL LOBE concerned with primary motor control located in the dorsal PRECENTRAL GYRUS immediately anterior to the central sulcus. It is comprised of three areas: the primary motor cortex located on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain; the premotor cortex located anterior to the primary motor cortex; and the supplementary motor area located on the midline surface of the hemisphere anterior to the primary motor cortex.

Post-systolic relaxation of the HEART, especially the HEART VENTRICLES.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

The physiologic or functional barrier to GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX at the esophagogastric junction. Sphincteric muscles remain tonically contracted during the resting state and form the high-pressure zone separating the lumen of the ESOPHAGUS from that of the STOMACH. (Haubrich et al, Bockus Gastroenterology, 5th ed., pp399, 415)

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

Agents that alleviate ANXIETY, tension, and ANXIETY DISORDERS, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety but are not included here.

Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

Embryonic (precursor) cells of the myogenic lineage that develop from the MESODERM. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL; MYOCYTES, CARDIAC; MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An order of the class Amphibia, which includes several families of frogs and toads. They are characterized by well developed hind limbs adapted for jumping, fused head and trunk and webbed toes. The term "toad" is ambiguous and is properly applied only to the family Bufonidae.

A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.

Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.

Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.

The area covering the terminal portion of ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of STOMACH at the cardiac orifice.

The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.

A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)

The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.

Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)

Preservation of postural control of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations in patients with reflux oesophagitis. (1/2533)

INTRODUCTION: In normal subjects, transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations (TLOSRs) and gas reflux during belching are suppressed in the supine position. Supine reflux, however, is a feature of reflux disease. AIMS: To investigate whether postural suppression of TLOSRs and gas reflux is impaired in patients with reflux disease. PATIENTS: Ten patients with erosive oesophagitis. METHODS: Oesophageal manometry was performed during gastric distension with 750 ml carbon dioxide. Measurements were made for 10 minutes before and after distension in both sitting and supine positions. RESULTS: In the sitting position gastric distension substantially increased the rate of gas reflux (median (interquartile range)), as evidenced by increases in oesophageal common cavities from 1 (0-1)/10 min to 7 (5-10)/10 min and TLOSRs from 1 (1-1.5)/10 min to 6 (2.5-8)/10 min. However, this effect was suppressed in the supine position in all but one patient (TLOSRs 0 (0)/10 min to 1 (0-4.5)/10 min, common cavities 0 (0)/10 min to 0.5 (0-2)/10 min). CONCLUSIONS: Postural suppression of TLOSRs and gas reflux is generally preserved in reflux disease. (+info)

Comparison of functional antagonism between isoproterenol and M2 muscarinic receptors in guinea pig ileum and trachea. (2/2533)

The ability of the M2 muscarinic receptor to mediate an inhibition of the relaxant effects of forskolin and isoproterenol was investigated in guinea pig ileum and trachea. In some experiments, trachea was first treated with 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine (4-DAMP) mustard to inactivate M3 receptors. The contractile response to oxotremorine-M was measured subsequently in the presence of both histamine (10 microM) and isoproterenol (10 nM). Under these conditions, [[2-[(diethylamino)methyl]-1-piperidinyl]acetyl]-5, 11-dihydro-6H-pyrido[2,3b]-[1,4]benzodiazepine-6-one (AF-DX 116) antagonized the contractile response to oxotremorine-M in a manner consistent with an M3 mechanism. However, when the same experiment was repeated using forskolin (4 microM) instead of isoproterenol, the response to oxotremorine-M exhibited greater potency and was antagonized by AF-DX 116 in a manner consistent with an M2 mechanism. We also measured the effects of pertussis toxin treatment on the ability of isoproterenol to inhibit the contraction elicited by a single concentration of either histamine (0.3 microM) or oxotremorine-M (40 nM) in both the ileum and trachea. Pertussis toxin treatment had no significant effect on the potency of isoproterenol for inhibiting histamine-induced contractions in the ileum and trachea. In contrast, pertussis toxin treatment enhanced the relaxant potency of isoproterenol against oxotremorine-M-induced contractions in the ileum but not in the trachea. Also, pertussis toxin treatment enhanced the relaxant potency of forskolin against oxotremorine-M-induced contractions in the ileum and trachea. We investigated the relaxant potency of isoproterenol when very low, equi-effective (i.e., 20-34% of maximal response) concentrations of either histamine or oxotremorine-M were used to elicit contraction. Under these conditions, isoproterenol exhibited greater relaxant potency against histamine in the ileum but exhibited similar relaxant potencies against histamine and oxotremorine-M in the trachea. Following 4-DAMP mustard treatment, a low concentration of oxotremorine-M (10 nM) had no contractile effect in either the ileum or trachea. Nevertheless, in 4-DAMP mustard-treated tissue, oxotremorine-M (10 nM) reduced the relaxant potency of isoproterenol against histamine-induced contractions in the ileum, but not in the trachea. We conclude that in the trachea the M2 receptor mediates an inhibition of the relaxant effects of forskolin, but not isoproterenol, and the decreased relaxant potency of isoproterenol against contractions elicited by a muscarinic agonist relative to histamine is not due to activation of M2 receptors but rather to the greater contractile stimulus mediated by the M3 receptor compared with the H1 histamine receptor. (+info)

The effect of thin filament activation on the attachment of weak binding cross-bridges: A two-dimensional x-ray diffraction study on single muscle fibers. (3/2533)

To study possible structural changes in weak cross-bridge attachment to actin upon activation of the thin filament, two-dimensional (2D) x-ray diffraction patterns of skinned fibers from rabbit psoas muscle were recorded at low and high calcium concentration in the presence of saturating concentrations of MgATPgammaS, a nucleotide analog for weak binding states. We also studied 2D x-ray diffraction patterns recorded under relaxing conditions at an ionic strength above and below 50 mM, because it had been proposed from solution studies that reducing ionic strength below 50 mM also induces activation of the thin filament. For this project a novel preparation had to be established that allows recording of 2D x-ray diffraction patterns from single muscle fibers instead of natural fiber bundles. This was required to minimize substrate depletion or product accumulation within the fibers. When the calcium concentration was raised, the diffraction patterns recorded with MgATPgammaS revealed small changes in meridional reflections and layer line intensities that could be attributed in part to the effects of calcium binding to the thin filament (increase in I380, decrease in first actin layer line intensity, increase in I59) and in part to small structural changes of weakly attached cross-bridges (e.g., increase in I143 and I72). Calcium-induced small-scale structural rearrangements of cross-bridges weakly attached to actin in the presence of MgATPgammaS are consistent with our previous observation of reduced rate constants for attachment and detachment of cross-bridges with MgATPgammaS at high calcium. Yet, no evidence was found that weakly attached cross-bridges change their mode of attachment toward a stereospecific conformation when the actin filament is activated by adding calcium. Similarly, reducing ionic strength to less than 50 mM does not induce a transition from nonstereospecific to stereospecific attachment. (+info)

Intracellular EDTA mimics parvalbumin in the promotion of skeletal muscle relaxation. (4/2533)

Parvalbumin (PA) is an intracellular Ca2+-binding protein found in some muscle and nerves. Its ability to bind Ca2+ and facilitate skeletal muscle relaxation is limited by its Mg2+ off-rate. EDTA serves as an "artificial" PA in that it exhibited similar rate constants for Mg2+ (3 s-1) and Ca2+ (0.7 s-1) dissociation at 10 degrees C. When introduced into frog skeletal muscle, EDTA increased the relaxation rate by approximately 2.7-fold, and with increasing tetanus duration, EDTA lost its ability to contribute to relaxation (and Ca2+ sequestration) at its Mg2+ off-rate. Intracellular EDTA recovered its ability to contribute to muscle relaxation and Ca2+ sequestration at its Ca2+ off-rate. Like PA, EDTA's contribution to muscle relaxation and Ca2+ sequestration was more clearly observed when the SR Ca-ATPase was inhibited. Introduction of EDTA into rat soleus muscle, which has low [PA], increased the relaxation rate in a manner that was analogous to the way in which PA facilitates relaxation of frog skeletal muscle. Thus intracellular EDTA serves as an effective mimic of PA, and its use should aid in our understanding of PA's function in muscle and nerve. (+info)

Inhibition of the ATP-dependent interaction of actin and myosin by the catalytic domain of the myosin light chain kinase of smooth muscle: possible involvement in smooth muscle relaxation. (5/2533)

Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) phosphorylates the light chain of smooth muscle myosin enabling its interaction with actin. This interaction initiates smooth muscle contraction. MLCK has another role that is not attributable to its phosphorylating activity, i.e., it inhibits the ATP-dependent movement of actin filaments on a glass surface coated with phosphorylated myosin. To analyze the inhibitory effect of MLCK, the catalytic domain of MLCK was obtained with or without the regulatory sequence adjacent to the C-terminal of the domain, and the inhibitory effect of the domain was examined by the movement of actin filaments. All the domains work so as to inhibit actin filament movement whether or not the regulatory sequence is included. When the domain includes the regulatory sequence, calmodulin in the presence of calcium abolishes the inhibition. Since the phosphorylation reaction is not involved in regulating the movement by MLCK, and a catalytic fragment that shows no kinase activity also inhibits movement, the kinase activity is not related to inhibition. Higher concentrations of MLCK inhibit the binding of actin filaments to myosin-coated surfaces as well as their movement. We discuss the dual roles of the domain, the phosphorylation of myosin that allows myosin to cross-bridge with actin and a novel function that breaks cross-bridging. (+info)

The cyclo-oxygenase-dependent regulation of rabbit vein contraction: evidence for a prostaglandin E2-mediated relaxation. (6/2533)

1. Arachidonic acid (0.01-1 microM) induced relaxation of precontracted rings of rabbit saphenous vein, which was counteracted by contraction at concentrations higher than 1 microM. Concentrations higher than 1 microM were required to induce dose-dependent contraction of vena cava and thoracic aorta from the same animals. 2. Pretreatment with a TP receptor antagonist (GR32191B or SQ29548, 3 microM) potentiated the relaxant effect in the saphenous vein, revealed a vasorelaxant component in the vena cava response and did not affect the response of the aorta. 3. Removal of the endothelium from the venous rings, caused a 10 fold rightward shift in the concentration-relaxation curves to arachidonic acid. Whether or not the endothelium was present, the arachidonic acid-induced relaxations were prevented by indomethacin (10 microM) pretreatment. 4. In the saphenous vein, PGE2 was respectively a 50 and 100 fold more potent relaxant prostaglandin than PGI2 and PGD2. Pretreatment with the EP4 receptor antagonist, AH23848B, shifted the concentration-relaxation curves of this tissue to arachidonic acid in a dose-dependent manner. 5. In the presence of 1 microM arachidonic acid, venous rings produced 8-10 fold more PGE2 than did aorta whereas 6keto-PGF1alpha and TXB2 productions remained comparable. 6. Intact rings of saphenous vein relaxed in response to A23187. Pretreatment with L-NAME (100 microM) or indomethacin (10 microM) reduced this response by 50% whereas concomitant pretreatment totally suppressed it. After endothelium removal, the remaining relaxing response to A23187 was prevented by indomethacin but not affected by L-NAME. 7. We conclude that stimulation of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway by arachidonic acid induced endothelium-dependent, PGE2/EP4 mediated relaxation of the rabbit saphenous vein. This process might participate in the A23187-induced relaxation of the saphenous vein and account for a relaxing component in the response of the vena cava to arachidonic acid. It was not observed in thoracic aorta because of the lack of a vasodilatory receptor and/or the poorer ability of this tissue than veins to produce PGE2. (+info)

Enantioselective inhibition of the biotransformation and pharmacological actions of isoidide dinitrate by diphenyleneiodonium sulphate. (7/2533)

1. We have shown previously that the D- and L- enantiomers of isoidide dinitrate (D-IIDN and L-IIDN) exhibit a potency difference for relaxation and cyclic GMP accumulation in isolated rat aorta and that this is related to preferential biotransformation of the more potent enantiomer (D-IIDN). The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of the flavoprotein inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium sulphate (DPI), on the enantioselectivity of IIDN action. 2. In isolated rat aortic strip preparations, exposure to 0.3 microM DPI resulted in a 3.6 fold increase in the EC50 value for D-IIDN-induced relaxation, but had no effect on L-IIDN-induced relaxation. 3. Incubation of aortic strips with 2 microM D- or L-IIDN for 5 min resulted in significantly more D-isoidide mononitrate formed (5.0 +/- 1.5 pmol mg protein(-1)) than L-isoidide mononitrate (2.1 +/- 0.7 pmol mg protein(-1)) and this difference was abolished by pretreatment of tissues with 0.3 microM DPI. DPI had no effect on glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity or GSH-dependent biotransformation of D- or L-IIDN in the 105,000 x g supernatant fraction of rat aorta. 4. Consistent with both the relaxation and biotransformation data, treatment of tissues with 0.3 microM DPI significantly inhibited D-IIDN-induced cyclic GMP accumulation, but had no effect on L-IIDN-induced cyclic GMP accumulation. 5. In the intact animal, 2 mg kg(-1) DPI significantly inhibited the pharmacokinetic and haemodynamic properties of D-IIDN, but had no effect L-IIDN. 6. These data suggest that the basis for the potency difference for relaxation by the two enantiomers is preferential biotransformation of D-IIDN to NO, by an enzyme that is inhibited by DPI. Given that DPI binds to and inhibits NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, the data are consistent with a role for the cytochromes P450-NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase system in this enantioselective biotransformation process. (+info)

Effect of acute and long-term treatment with 17-beta-estradiol on the vasomotor responses in the rat aorta. (8/2533)

1. This study sought to evaluate whether the effects of acute and long-term treatment with 17-beta-estradiol on the vasomotor responses in rat aortic rings are mediated through the same mechanism. 2. Ovariectomized rats were treated daily with either 17-beta-estradiol-3-benzoate (100 microg kg(-1)) or vehicle for 1 week. 3. The effect of long-term 17-beta-estradiol treatment on the responses to cumulative doses of phenylephrine, 5-HT, calcium, potassium and 17-beta-estradiol was determined in aortic rings. In the same rings, the effect of acute exposure to 17-beta-estradiol (5 and 10 microM) on the dose response curves for phenylephrine, 5-HT, calcium, potassium and acetylcholine were estimated. The measurements were made in rings with and without intact endothelium. The tone-related basal release of nitric oxide (NO) was measured in rings with intact endothelium. 4. Long-term 17-beta-estradiol treatment reduced the maximum developed contraction to all contracting agents studied. This effect was abolished in endothelium denuded vessels. Acute 17-beta-estradiol treatment also reduced maximal contraction. This effect, however, was independent of the endothelium. 5. Long-term 17-beta-estradiol treatment significantly increased the ability of the rings to dilate in response to acetylcholine whereas acute exposure to 17-beta-estradiol had no effect. The tone-related release of NO was significantly increased after long-term exposure to 17-beta-estradiol. 6. In conclusion, this study indicate that the acute and long-term effects of 17-beta-estradiol in the rat aorta are mediated through different mechanisms. The long-term effect is mediated through the endothelium most likely by increasing NO release. In contrast, the acute effect of 17-beta-estradiol seems to be through an effect on the vascular smooth muscle cells. (+info)

... (PMR) is a non-pharmacological method of deep muscle relaxation, based on the premise that muscle ... such as progressive muscle relaxation technique. Here, the treatment aims to release tightness of the muscles in the abdomen ... and post-relaxation situations for patients after surgery a result of progressive muscle relaxation". It has also been ... including relaxation techniques. Progressive muscle relaxation technique is suggested to lead to an increase in blood flow ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_muscle_relaxation

Relaxation can be achieved through meditation, autogenics, and progressive muscle relaxation. Relaxation helps improve coping ... Progressive muscle relaxation is a technique wherein people focus on flexing and holding a certain set of muscles and then ... Progressive muscle relaxation is a somewhat adapted version of the Jacobsonian Relaxation Technique developed in the 1920s. ... Progressive muscle relaxation is currently used in clinical and non-clinical settings to reduce the effects of anxiety and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxation_(psychology)

It also initiates muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscles and muscle relaxation in smooth muscles. Ca2+ sparks are ... In smooth muscle cells, the Ca2+ released during a spark is used for muscle relaxation. This is because, the Ca2+ that enters ... Webb, R (2003). "Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation". Advances in Physiology Education. 27 (4): 201-6. doi:10.1152/ ... Herzberg, O.; Moult, J.; James, M. (1986). "Calcium binding to skeletal muscle troponin C and the regulation of muscle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_sparks

Webb RC (December 2003). "Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation". Advances in Physiology Education. 27 (1-4): 201-6. doi: ... When these cells are depolarized, the L-type calcium channels open as in smooth muscle. In skeletal muscle, the actual opening ... The muscles then contract through the sliding filament mechanism, causing shortening of sarcomeres and muscle contraction. ... In cardiac muscle, opening of the L-type calcium channel permits influx of calcium into the cell. The calcium binds to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_calcium_channel

... is the result of relaxation in smooth muscle surrounding the blood vessels. This relaxation, in turn, relies on ... It results from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, in particular in the large veins, large arteries, ... Vasodilation works to decrease TPR and blood pressure through relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media layer of ... Webb, RC (December 2003). "Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation". Advances in Physiology Education. 27 (1-4): 201-6. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilation

Healthwise staff (non-profit) (31 August 2020). "Stress Management: Doing Progressive Muscle Relaxation". University of ... The yoga scholar Mark Singleton states that while relaxation is a primary feature of modern Western yoga, its relaxation ... Anon (1984). "Dennis Boyes La relaxation se transforme en méditation" [Dennis Boyes: Relaxation is transformed into meditation ... Progressive muscular relaxation is a method to relieve tension by tensing a group of muscles when breathing in, and relaxing it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoga_nidra

For example, contraction of a muscle on the right side leads to relaxation of the same muscle on the left side. A 2015 Cochrane ... Muscle energy requires the patient to actively use his or her muscles on request to aid in treatment. Muscle energy techniques ... There are several different types of muscle energy techniques: Post-Isometric relaxation: Treat by engaging the restrictive ... Joint mobilization using muscle force: Use muscle contraction to restore range of motion in a joint. Oculocephalogyric reflex: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_energy_technique

The smooth muscle relaxation leads to vasodilation. Inhibition of neutrophil activation and chemotaxis H2-receptor antagonist ... Smooth muscle relaxation (Experimental histamine H2 receptor agonist used for asthma and COPD) Inhibit antibody synthesis, T- ... Vascular smooth muscle Neutrophils Mast cells Heart Uterus Central nervous system tissues Caudate-putamen Cerebral cortex ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine_H2_receptor

It is commonly used for muscle relaxation. It is also a method of heating tissue electromagnetically for therapeutic purposes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_applications_of_radio_frequency

The resulting muscle relaxation allows heat dissipation. There is little risk to dantrolene administration. Since dantrolene ... This leads to free intracellular calcium and causes muscle contraction and hyperthermia. Dantrolene inhibits calcium release ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4-Dinitrophenol

Vidal y Plana RR, Cifarelli A, Setnikar I (January 1981). "Mechanism of smooth muscle relaxation by tiropramide". The Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiropramide

Andersson KE, Arner A (2004). "Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation: physiology and pathophysiology". Physiol. Rev. 84 (3 ... The rectococcygeal muscles are two bands of smooth muscle tissue arising from the 2nd and 3rd coccygeal vertebrae, and passing ... The rectococcygeal muscles are composed of smooth muscle and run from the anterior surface of the 2nd and 3rd coccygeal ... The rectococcygeal muscle in the rabbit is notable for being one of the fastest contracting mammalian smooth muscles known. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectococcygeal_muscle

Budzynski, T.H., Stoyva, J. M. & Adler, C.S. (1970). Feedback-induced muscle relaxation: Application to tension headache. ... An instrument for producing deep muscle relaxation by means of analog information feedback. Journal of Applied Behavior ... Fowler, J., Budzynski, T. & VandenBerg, R. (1976). Effects of an EMG biofeedback and relaxation program on the control of ... Cram, J.R. & Budzynski, T.H. (1989). Biofeedback and relaxation therapies. In C.D. Tollison, & M.L. Krieger (Eds.), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Budzynski

This action allows more chloride ions to enter the neuron which in turn produces such effects as; muscle relaxation, anxiolytic ... It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is licensed and ... and limbs muscle fasciculation, ranging from twitches to jerks, affecting the legs or shoulders ataxia paraesthesia influenza- ... drowsiness paradoxical increase in aggression lightheadedness confusion muscle weakness ataxia (particularly in the elderly) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loprazolam

Edmundo Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation taken from the book Mental Toughness Training for Sports, Loehr (1986) can be ... "The Progressive Muscle Relaxation of Dr. Edmund Jacobson". Archived from the original on 2011-06-28. Retrieved 2011-06-30. " ... One strategy she advocates for is relaxation exercises and indicates that by practicing relaxation techniques on a regular ... relaxation techniques, frustration breaks; Use gradual, repeated success to build math confidence in students B R Alimin and D ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_anxiety

When there is bilateral loss of muscle mass. Tremor-induced abductor spasmodic dysphonia (AbSD). Relaxation of both the vocal ... In this thyroplasty, the relaxation of the vocal cords is done by antero-posterior shortening of the thyroid ala. It is most ... The main aim of this combination is relaxation and increased mass of one vocal cord. In males with high-pitched, presbyphonic ... a condition characterized by involuntary movements of muscles of the larynx during speech. It is contraindicated in irradiated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroplasty

... for muscle relaxation and for many other disorders. Arabs of the Levant traditionally use roasted tubers, while they are still ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyperus_rotundus

Breathing training and muscle relaxation techniques may also help. Those affected are at a higher risk of suicide. In Europe, ... Muscle relaxation techniques are useful to some individuals. These can be learned using recordings, videos, or books. While ... many people still find at least temporary relief from muscle relaxation. In the great majority of cases, hyperventilation is ... muscle relaxation has proved to be less effective than cognitive-behavioral therapies in controlled trials, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_attack

... has two physiological responses: relaxation and contraction. The mechanisms for which these responses occur ... The muscle cells of skeletal muscles are much longer than in the other types of muscle tissue, and are often known as muscle ... Deep muscles, superficial muscles, muscles of the face and internal muscles all correspond with dedicated regions in the ... out of the muscles in order to not impair muscle function. Once moved out of muscles, lactic acid can be used by other muscles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_muscle

Botulinum toxin A induces temporary muscle paralysis or relaxation. The main goal of Botulinum toxin A is to maintain the range ... Complications may include muscle and joint stiffness, loss of aerobic fitness, muscle spasms, bed sores, pressure ulcers and ... It can be injected into a muscle or more commonly muscle groups of the upper or lower extremities. ... Muscles with severe motor impairment including weakness need these therapists to assist them with specific exercise, and are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemiparesis

Smooth muscle behavior is variable depending on anatomical location. Smooth muscle contraction/relaxation is generalized below ... Increased cAMP will promote relaxation in smooth muscle, while promoting increased contractility and pulse rate in cardiac ... Other areas of smooth muscle contraction are: ureter vas deferens hair (arrector pili muscles) uterus (when pregnant) urethral ... One important note is the differential effects of increased cAMP in smooth muscle compared to cardiac muscle. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_receptor

The 5-HT7 receptor plays a role in smooth muscle relaxation within the vasculature and in the gastrointestinal tract. The ... Feniuk W, Humphrey PP, Watts AD (December 1983). "5-Hydroxytryptamine-induced relaxation of isolated mammalian smooth muscle". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-HT7_receptor

... and has comparable effects to relaxation techniques. Relaxation techniques include progressive muscle relaxation, yoga, and ... Relaxation techniques cause reduced sympathetic activity, including muscle relaxation and reducing sensitivity to external ... Left medial and lateral pterygoid muscles Left temporalis muscle Left masseter muscle (red highlight) They can be thought of in ... enable muscle relaxation, reduce muscular hyperactivity, and reestablish muscle function and joint mobility. PT treatment is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint_dysfunction

... requiring contraction of their muscles of respiration. Relaxation of these muscles causes inhalation. Three distinct sets of ... The skin muscles help a bird in its flight by adjusting the feathers, which are attached to the skin muscle and help the bird ... Both muscle groups attach to the keel of the sternum. This is remarkable, because other vertebrates have the muscles to raise ... These muscles work to adjust the wings for flight and all other actions. Muscle composition does vary between species and even ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_anatomy

Increases antral muscle mobility and promotes stomach contractions. Strengthens antral contractions against the pylorus, and ... Plays a role in the relaxation of the ileocecal valve. Induces pancreatic secretions and gallbladder emptying. May impact lower ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrin

Like other β adrenergic agonists, they cause smooth muscle relaxation. β2 adrenergic agonists' effects on smooth muscle cause ... dilation of bronchial passages, vasodilation in muscle and liver, relaxation of uterine muscle, and release of insulin. They ... Activation of β adrenergic receptors leads to relaxation of smooth muscle in the lung, and dilation and opening of the airways ... and decreased myosin light chain kinase activity leads to smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. Findings indicate that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta2-adrenergic_agonist

Muscle relaxation with TCE anesthesia sufficient for surgery was poor. For these reasons as well as problems with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichloroethylene

Blocking this receptor leads to smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. Pentolinium can be given orally (20mg three times a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentolinium

This will allow for further muscle relaxation and anxiety reduction. Therefore, Carisoprodol, at low to moderate dosages, may ... and muscle relaxation upon administration. Carisoprodol's structural similarity to Meprobamate indicates GABAergic activity, ... Combining a muscle relaxant like carisoprodol with opioids and benzodiazepines is referred to as "The Holy Trinity" as it has ... Carisoprodol is meant to be used along with rest, physical therapy and other measures to relax muscles after strains, sprains ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carisoprodol

Some cases even include the facial muscles. It is common for arms and legs to move together. The more a patient is active, the ... With relaxation comes a decrease in movements. Physicians can measure the severity of the disorder by having the patient ... As a result, the brain is left with damaged tissue that sends damaged signals to the skeletal muscles in the body. The result ... They are continuous and random and can involve proximal or distal muscles on one side of the body. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemiballismus

They also increase the availability of certain essential amino acids in the muscle, as well as regulate the transcription of a ... and found that the reduced relaxation (QT) interval of small hibernators was the same for the three bear species. They also ... Lohuis, T. D.; Harlow, H. J.; Beck, T. D. I. (2007). "Hibernating black bears (Ursus americanus) experience skeletal muscle ... allowing them to stop urinating for months and to avoid muscle atrophy. They stay hydrated with the metabolic fat that is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernation

Rosen observed that when using gentle, non-manipulative touch and reflective words to relax patterns of muscle tension, her ... Green, Ivy (2022). Relaxation Awareness Resilience. Amazon. Fogel, Alan (2021). Restorative embodiment and resilience. north ... Rosen further observed that as her patients' breathing muscles regained their full range of movement, a spiritual sense of ... Teachers collaborate with participants to relax muscles into their natural length, improve dynamic body alignment and allow ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_Rosen

Relaxation techniques, immersion in water, massage, and acupuncture may provide pain relief. Acupuncture and relaxation were ... Tears can involve the perineal skin or extend to the muscles and the anal sphincter and anus. Once common, they are now ... Various methods may help with pain, such as relaxation techniques, opioids, and spinal blocks. It is best practice to limit the ... During a contraction, uterine muscles contract causing shortening of the upper segment and drawing upwards of the lower segment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

... long-acting benzodiazepine-receptor agonists with different receptor selectivity on motor coordination and muscle relaxation ... As a result, quazepam has little or no muscle relaxant properties. Most other benzodiazepines are unselective and bind to type1 ... Type 2 receptors include the α2, α3 and α5 subunits which are responsible for anxiolytic action, amnesia and muscle relaxant ... Muscle relaxants, Chloroarenes, Fluoroarenes, GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators, Thioamides, Trifluoromethyl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quazepam

... controlled trial to evaluate the effects of progressive resistance training compared to progressive muscle relaxation in breast ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelia_Ulrich

This sequence is great for strengthening the legs and abdominal muscles, adjusting your posture and fine-tuning your balance. ... Revolve to Evolve seeks to reveal moments of relaxation in which truths can be more readily accessed. 413: "Balanced Being: ... shoulders and abdominal muscles. 206: "Seated Twist" - With a slower pace that is excellent for deep, full breathing, Seated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste_Yoga

... such as visualizing an object moving in a specific direction along various muscle groups throughout the body, while lying ... research has been conducted on ideokinesis and there are reasons to believe it may be contraindicated as a relaxation technique ... all without moving a muscle", Yoga Journal (139): 79-87, ISSN 0191-0965 Batson, G (2004), "Motor imagery for stroke ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideokinesis

The body would be that of a young athlete that included chiseled muscles and a naturalistic pose. The face is generic, ... Polykleitos achieved a balance between muscular tensions and relaxation due to the chiastic principle that he relied on. " ... The figure's head turned slightly to the right, the heavily-muscled but athletic figure of the Doryphoros is depicted standing ... The canonic proportions of the male torso established by Polykleitos ossified in Hellenistic and Roman times in the muscle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doryphoros

... has a volume of distribution of 2.6L/kg, in the blood it is distributed to skeletal muscle, liver, intestinal tract, ... Oxycodone, like other opioid analgesics, tends to induce feelings of euphoria, relaxation and reduced anxiety in those who are ... The symptoms of oxycodone withdrawal, as with other opioids, may include "anxiety, panic attack, nausea, insomnia, muscle pain ... muscle weakness, fevers, and other flu-like symptoms". Withdrawal symptoms have also been reported in newborns whose mothers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxycodone

The technique involves a step-by-step progression that begins from physiological conditioning, such as muscle relaxation, ... Relaxation. The individual must be thoroughly relaxed and must set aside time to perform this act. Additionally, distractions ... Patients who are stressed and/or lack self-esteem can be taught self-hypnosis techniques which can induce relaxation and/or ... Fromm & Kaplan observe that the value, significance, and importance of self-hypnosis is not just that it promotes relaxation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-hypnosis

Males typically have more skeletal muscle mass than females. Androgens promote the enlargement of skeletal muscle cells in a ... Androgens have potential roles in relaxation of the myometrium via non-genomic, androgen receptor-independent pathways, ... "Androgen receptor in human skeletal muscle and cultured muscle satellite cells: up-regulation by androgen treatment". The ... One cell type, called the myoblast, conveys androgen receptors for generating muscle. Fusion of myoblasts generates myotubes, ...

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Physical effects including nausea, vomiting, euphoria, muscle weakness or relaxation, drowsiness, and lack of coordination may ... Hilarity, lack of concentration, and muscular relaxation (including dilated pupils) are all normal effects, sometimes in the ...

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... s are often employed as one element of a wider stress management program and can decrease muscle tension, ... A relaxation technique (also known as relaxation training) is any method, process, procedure, or activity that helps a person ... Certain relaxation techniques known as "formal and passive relaxation exercises" are generally performed while sitting or lying ... Progressive muscle relaxation Qigong Transcendental Meditation technique Yoga Nidra Zen Yoga Movement-based relaxation methods ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxation_technique

... muscle relaxation and a sensation of cold or hot hands and feet and / or flushed face. Electroencephalography or EEG shows ... Some effects may include a general alteration of conscious perception, euphoria, feelings of well-being, relaxation or stress ...

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Each movement at a synovial joint results from the contraction or relaxation of the muscles that are attached to the bones on ... Muscle action that moves the axial skeleton work over a joint with an origin and insertion of the muscle on respective side. ... The muscle performing an action is the agonist, while the muscle which contraction brings about an opposite action is the ... Skeletal muscle is arranged in discrete muscles, an example of which is the biceps brachii. The tough, fibrous epimysium of ...

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... its application to nucleotide binding to skeletal-muscle and smooth-muscle myosin subfragment 1". Biochemical Journal. 366: 643 ... Schiewek M, Krumova M, Hempel G, Blume A (2007). "Pressure jump relaxation setup with IR detection and millisecond time ... "Kinetic Resolution of a Conformational Transition and the ATP Hydrolysis Step Using Relaxation Methods with a Dictyostelium ...

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Medications that stimulate the β2 receptor subtype on pulmonary smooth muscle will result in smooth muscle relaxation, ... Blocking the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in pulmonary smooth muscle tissue results in a decrease in smooth muscle tone ... These smooth muscle cells have muscarinic M3 receptors on their membrane. The activation of these receptors by acetylcholine ... The muscle contraction will cause the diameter of the bronchus to decrease, therefore increasing its resistance to airflow. ...

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This signalling molecule triggers smooth muscle relaxation and allows blood flow into the corpus cavernosum, which causes an ... are used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and in anaesthesia to reverse muscle blockade. The carbamate pesticides are also ...

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Since calcium cycling is used to regulate fiber activation and relaxation, the SR component of the muscle fiber controls the ... The collective observations clearly show that these types of muscle undergo significant reductions in muscle mass (muscle ... of the muscle mass can be lost in antigravity muscles of the lower extremity such as the soleus (Sol; a calf muscle) and vastus ... isokinetic muscle strength, and fatigability. Similar losses in muscle volume, paralleled by decreases in muscle strength and ...

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Muscles and Bimbo Jones, as well as a third disc featuring a 20-minute party mix. On 11 November 2011, The Goddess Edition of ... opining that it is meant to be heard for relaxation and enjoyment. Mikael Wood of Entertainment Weekly praised the tracks' ...

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Physiologically, sulfonylurea receptor 2 is significant in vascular relaxation.[citation needed] An increase in O2 tension ... causes inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channels and contraction of smooth muscle (in ductus). This condition can be ...

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Scopine Daturadiol Bawazeer, Saud; Rauf, Abdur; Bawazeer, Sami (2020). "Gastrointestinal Motility, Muscle Relaxation, ...

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During erection, these centers block the relaxation of the sphincter muscles, so as to act as a physiological separation of the ... At the root of the penis (the proximal end of the corpus spongiosum) lies the external sphincter muscle. This is a small ... sphincter of striated muscle tissue and is in healthy males under voluntary control. Relaxing the urethra sphincter allows the ...

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Such BCIs could be used to restore mobility in paralyzed limbs by electrically stimulating muscles. Miguel Nicolelis and ... Biofeedback is used to monitor a subject's mental relaxation. In some cases, biofeedback does not monitor ... than with any muscle-based communication channel. A 2016 study found that the Emotiv EPOC device may be more suitable for ... "Frontal and parietal cortical ensembles predict single-trial muscle activity during reaching movements in primates". The ...

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... tone because the short intense muscle contractions caused by laughter are followed by longer periods of muscle relaxation. The ... There have been claims that laughter can be a supplement for cardiovascular exercise and might increase muscle tone. However an ... early study by Paskind J. showed that laughter can lead to a decrease in skeletal muscle ...

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If the patient can achieve adequate muscle relaxation, passive motion tends to be less painful. The patient performs an ... These factors can be broadly classified as intrinsic such as tendon degeneration, rotator cuff muscle weakness and overuse. ... Irritation or entrapment of the lower subscapular nerve, which innervates the subscapularis and teres major muscles, will ... and from the deep surface of the deltoid muscle. The subacromial bursa helps the motion of the supraspinatus tendon of the ...

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"Relaxation Tanks: A Market Develops". The New York Times. 21 November 1981. Efrati A (27 February 2013). "Float Centers Gaining ... Carl Lawson, football player for the New York Jets and formerly the Cincinnati Bengals, uses the tank for muscle recovery and ... Jonsson K, Kjellgren A (2014). "Curing the sick and creating supermen: How relaxation in flotation tanks is advertised online ... Despite the lack of scientific support, people have sought treatment from flotation for many conditions including muscle ...

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CTS evokes symptoms, including pain, paresthesia, and muscle atrophy. This further leads to chronic pain and economic ... the static stretch is more effective in terms of stress relaxation. Unlike static stretching, dynamic stretching shows similar ... For hamstring flexibility, dynamic stretching targets low extremity muscles, while nerve gliding exercise targets posterior low ... extremity muscles and neural structures. Although both nerve gliding exercises and dynamic stretching do not lead to huge ...

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... of striated muscle that occurs at intermediate activation conditions between full activation and relaxation. It was an ... filaments in striated muscle, especially cardiac muscle, then to defining the mechanism of Spontaneous Oscillatory Contraction ... He focused on his long-held interest in striated muscle- "how a beautiful structure is self-organized, and how it is related to ... His specialty is biophysics, particularly the mechanism of muscles and motor proteins. Since spectroscopic techniques for ...

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Try relaxation eye exercises. There are a number of exercises you can try to help your eyes relax. Not all of these work for ... This can provide a very relaxing sensation, almost like a massage, and also can ease the tension in your eye muscles. ... How to Make Shots Pain-Free: Effective Distraction and Relaxation Strategies for Adults & Children ...

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Essential oil of ginger warms as it loosens tight muscles, black pepper works by reducing inflammation and breaking down muscle ... and stress can lead to sore and inflamed muscles. ... Muscle Relaxation Wellness Oil. Regular price $15.95 Sale price ...

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An audio file for a progressive muscle relaxation to move you through tensing and relaxing various muscle groups in the body... ... Progressive Muscle Relaxation. To arrive at a profound sense of physical relaxation and well being one can practice " ... "progressive muscle relaxation", a technique for tensing and relaxing various muscle groups throughout the body. Often we do not ... Practice progressive muscle relaxation on a daily basis, preferably twice a day, for two weeks. ...

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This is a quick progressive muscle relaxation script that will allow you to focus on key areas where stress can build up. Relax ... Quick Progressive Muscle Relaxation Script: Key Areas. This is a quick progressive muscle relaxation script that will allow you ... Return from Quick Progressive Muscle Relaxation Script to Relaxation Scripts Back to Inner Health Studio Home ... Remember to relax these areas a few times each day, using this quick progressive muscle relaxation script, to prevent stress ...

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Progressive muscle relaxation eases tension and often alleviates pain. ... Progressive muscle relaxation eases tension and often alleviates pain.. Pain is the bodys way of telling that something is not ... As a remedy, it was found that progressive muscle relaxation can ease tension and subsequently alleviate pain. ... Make a tight fist, and tense the muscles of the hand as hard as possible. Keep and hold this position for a count of 5 whilst ...

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To do muscle relaxation, tense and relax each part of your body in turn. ... Muscle relaxation helps you and your child feel calm and physically relaxed. ... Muscle relaxation: why its good for children, teenagers and parents. Muscle relaxation helps you and your child feel calm and ... Or you might be able to find a relaxation app with muscle relaxation exercises that suit both you and your child. ...

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First, you tense and relax each muscle group once (Stage 1). During each relaxation phase, you repeat the word "relax" (or your ... Cue-Controlled Deep Muscle Relaxation (CC-DMR). 31/08/2016 - Captain Bunn ... CC-DMR trains your bodys large muscles to respond to the cues you give. Your task is to consciously notice what muscle tension ... Stage 1: Tense and then relax each muscle group. You will be instructed to tense a particular muscle group for a few seconds, ...

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Beta-1 and beta-2 adrenoceptors mediate smooth muscle relaxation in bovine isolated mesenteric lymphatics.. F Ikomi, Y Kawai ... Beta-1 and beta-2 adrenoceptors mediate smooth muscle relaxation in bovine isolated mesenteric lymphatics.. F Ikomi, Y Kawai ... Beta-1 and beta-2 adrenoceptors mediate smooth muscle relaxation in bovine isolated mesenteric lymphatics.. F Ikomi, Y Kawai ... Beta-1 and beta-2 adrenoceptors mediate smooth muscle relaxation in bovine isolated mesenteric lymphatics. ...

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1996). Tension relaxation after stretch in resting mammalian muscle fibres: stretch activation at physiological temperatures. ... Tension relaxation after stretch in resting mammalian muscle fibres: stretch activation at physiological temperatures. In: ... Tension relaxation after stretch in resting mammalian muscle fibres: stretch activation at physiological temperatures.. GM ... Tension relaxation after stretch in resting mammalian muscle fibres: stretch activation at physiological temperatures. ...

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This can provide a very relaxing sensation, almost like a massage, and also can ease the tension in your eye muscles. (wikihow.com)
Progressive muscle relaxation eases tension and often alleviates pain. (healthmad.com)
As a remedy, it was found that progressive muscle relaxation can ease tension and subsequently alleviate pain. (healthmad.com)
Your task is to consciously notice what muscle tension feels like in specific areas of your body and to consciously release that tension. (fearofflying.com)
Tension relaxation after stretch in resting mammalian muscle fibres: stretch activation at physiological temperatures. (uea.ac.uk)
Developed by American physician Edmund Jacobson , the progressive muscle relaxation technique helps to monitor and control the state of muscular tension. (relaxationtechnique.org)
The technique involves learning to monitor tension in each specific muscle group in the body by deliberately inducing tension in each group. (relaxationtechnique.org)
This tension is then released, with attention paid to the contrast between tension and relaxation. (relaxationtechnique.org)
perceive the tension from your muscles, then let fall the arm. (relaxationtechnique.org)
He saw that no matter what their illness, most of his patients suffered from muscle tension and pain. (relaxmaven.com)
This inspired the doctor to develop a sequence of tightening and relaxing isolated muscle groups that will allow patients to be more aware of their muscle tension and how to let go of it and eventually feel more relaxed. (relaxmaven.com)
Few of the common symptoms that this stress response brings about are muscle pain, stiffness, and tension. (relaxmaven.com)
PMR, like other relaxation techniques, induce your body to a relaxed state - lower heart rate, calmer mind, and reduced muscle tension. (relaxmaven.com)
Tense muscles result in pain that quickly causes you to adopt a relief posture - which, in turn, causes further tension. (bauerfeind-group.com)
During progressive muscle relaxation, you will learn how to become aware of tension and how to influence it. (bauerfeind-group.com)
But even more importantly: thanks to targeted exercises, you can release tension and relax your back muscles . (bauerfeind-group.com)
Join us for a unique experience of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) that guides the body from tension to relaxation. (warriorspiritproject.org)
A short 5-minute foot massage daily, improves blood circulation .It helps the body release endorphins to relieve pain symptoms and manage severe foot and leg pain, joint pain, muscle tension or circulation issues due to diabetes. (healthandyoga.com)
Developed by Dr. Edmond Jacobson in 1929, PMR reduces muscle tension through intervals of muscle-tensing activities, stress-releasing phases and mental recognition in the difference in sensation between tense and relaxed. (ascellus.com)
By purposefully switching between tension and flexion the body releases the muscles. (ascellus.com)
While you un-tense each muscle group, it's helpful to say to yourself, "Let go of the tension" or "I'm feeling calm and rested. (ascellus.com)
Notice the difference as your body feels quickly releases the tension in each muscle group. (ascellus.com)
Invest in one of the best massage guns and you can use it before exercise to activate your muscles and increase blood flow, or post-workout to release tension and ward off DOMS. (womenshealthmag.com)
They use percussive therapy - repeated strikes to help relax muscle tension and alleviate soreness, which, if you suffer from regular DOMs (delayed onset muscle soreness) can be a real lifesaver. (womenshealthmag.com)
either before exercise to activate muscles and increase blood flow, or after to release tension and prevent DOMS. (womenshealthmag.com)
Whereas dynamic stretching is done in a controlled manner with 10-to-12 reps in a sport-specific motion, ballistic motions create greater tension in the muscle because the muscle is uncontrolled going through a greater range of motion so there's a greater risk of injury. (clevelandclinic.org)
The goal of progressive muscle relaxation is to reduce the tension in your muscles. (worldhealthwellness.com)
Our first reaction to feeling emotionally stressed or physically stressed is an increase in muscle tension and an increase in your general body tension. (sunstonemassage.com)
Think of Massage therapy as a holistic removal of wrinkles from our muscle fabric by trained professionals who help reset you physically by kneading out the adhesion, tension & stress. (sunstonemassage.com)
You will be treated to four different specific relaxation and stress reduction techniques, including progressive relaxation, autogenic self-suggestion, muscle tension release, and creative visualization with everyone's favorite-"A Trip to the Beach. (drmiller.com)

Also great to help recover from delayed onset muscle soreness after workouts and physical activities. (self-lovenow.com)
DOMS, or delayed onset muscle soreness is a familiar feeling (if not name, that's what that gradually worsening pain 1-2days after exercise is called) for anyone who's started a new fitness regime or pushed themselves in a new physical endeavour. (theglowclinic.ie)

It might be getting active, spending time on an existing hobby or trying a new one, or techniques like mindfulness, meditation or our progressive muscle relaxation exercise. (www.nhs.uk)
If you aren't sure how to practice breathing exercises on your own, there are lots of phone apps and meditation videos that can guide you through the relaxation process. (healthline.com)
Yoga uses breathing exercises, meditation, relaxation techniques, and poses to stretch and flex different muscle groups. (cancer.net)
Experts agree that excessive stress can lead to significant health issues, and since 70 percent of U.S. adults admit to experiencing daily stress and anxiety, it's smart to include fitness, meditation, and relaxation into your self-care. (positivehealth.com)
Practicing relaxation techniques like meditation and deep breathing exercises. (cdc.gov)
But, with techniques such as yoga and meditation, you can find the balance and relaxation you need to help resolve health conditions. (muddsweatandtears.com)
Meditation is another technique used to promote relaxation and inner peace. (muddsweatandtears.com)
T he tools of mind-body medicine, such as deep relaxation , meditation , self-hypnosis , and cognitive behavioral therapy, can help relieve the stress underlying the dysfunction and enable you to heal at the deepest level - because in addition treating the symptoms, you will be treating the source. (drmiller.com)

MyoCalm ® is a specialized formula that supplies bioavailable forms of calcium and magnesium that play a role in muscle contraction and relaxation. (acenutritionusa.com)
The contraction and relaxation of these muscles allow the insect to move in their hard exterior. (earthlife.net)

CC-DMR trains your body's large muscles to respond to the cues you give. (fearofflying.com)
ACCURATE DEEP TISSUE MASSAGE: The massage gun amplitude up to 12mm working back and forth provides rapid bursts of pressure into the body's muscle tissue, which sends a ripple effect across the skin's surface, the vibrations penetrate deep to relieve pain, digs into those tough knots and targets the necessary areas and relives the pain instantly. (self-lovenow.com)
Daoist breathing exercises are designed to activate the diaphragm muscle, expand the lungs, and invoke the body's innate relaxation response. (ymaa.com)
Rigor mortis is the postmortem stiffening of the body's muscles. (medscape.com)

To arrive at a profound sense of physical relaxation and well being one can practice "progressive muscle relaxation", a technique for tensing and relaxing various muscle groups throughout the body. (unc.edu)
Practice progressive muscle relaxation on a daily basis, preferably twice a day, for two weeks. (unc.edu)
It seems to take about five weeks of practice before the physical loosening of the muscles becomes associated with that cue word. (fearofflying.com)
This is a mental work that is not compatible with sleep as such, for a bad sleeper, relaxation is interesting in practice, out of bed preferably, as an alternative to the desire to sleep and to control its arousing systems. (relaxationtechnique.org)
PMR is a mindful practice based on the idea that physical relaxation and mental relaxation are connected. (getjupiter.com)
In Muscle Relaxers List, we recommend continuing the practice of relaxation activities, and one that is most popular is the Yoga, but do you know what types of yoga and what is their effectiveness in combat stress? (musclerelaxerslist.com)
This practice has been shown to reduce stress, relax tight muscles, minimize inflammation, and even improve circulation throughout the body. (muddsweatandtears.com)

Try relaxation eye exercises. (wikihow.com)
If you have over-tight muscles the therapist can work with you to get them relaxed and learn appropriate exercises so you can consciously relax them once the therapy is over. (joanprice.com)
It's easy to learn the method of progressive muscle relaxation and to carry out the exercises at home. (bauerfeind-group.com)
If you're already being treated or actively taking part in relaxation exercises, you must consult the treating physician or an expert supporting you before implementing our recommendations. (bauerfeind-group.com)
Do relaxation exercises. (who.int)

Amazing product, it really helps sooth sore muscles. (thena.biz)
I love it for the heating function, as it's not too hot and just right to soothe sore muscles. (therunningadvisor.com)
Perfect for unwinding, relaxing sore muscles or just some youtime. (theperfumeshop.com)

Yang J., Clark J. W., Brayn R. M., Robertson C. S. Mathematical modeling of the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway in the vascular smooth muscle cell // Amer. J. Physiol. (sgu.ru)
Rat endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were studied. (bmj.com)

Stage 3: Support and reinforce the muscle relaxation through imagery. (fearofflying.com)
Several distinct and different guided imagery and deep relaxation experiences teach powerful techniques for melting away stress and its symptoms. (drmiller.com)

2. Effectively reduce muscle stiffness and sore pain, increasing blood circulation. (ziongadgets.com)
Static stretching after exercise, she says, can also help prevent post-workout stiffness because it can help put muscles back at their pre-exercise length. (clevelandclinic.org)
Our mission is to provide a high quality massage that will benefit individuals, provide both short and long-term relief from stress and chronic discomfort, and to reduce muscle stiffness and soreness after strenuous activity, and relax muscles, and reduce pain. (sunstonemassage.com)

A balanced self-care routine incorporates fitness with other mindfulness, rest, and relaxation techniques. (positivehealth.com)
Resources may include access to peer support networks , professional counseling services , or mindfulness and relaxation techniques . (medhomeinfo.org)

Dr Jacobson wrote several books on the subject of Progressive muscle Relaxation Technique. (relaxationtechnique.org)
To relax your back muscles, progressive muscle relaxation according to Jacobson , also known as progressive muscle relaxation , has proven effective. (bauerfeind-group.com)
PMR is sometimes referred to as Jacobson's relaxation technique after its creator, physician Edmund Jacobson. (getjupiter.com)
Jacobson found that you can increase the feeling of relaxation by tensing the muscle before releasing it. (getjupiter.com)

This muscle relaxation technique can be great if you haven't been sleeping well. (raisingchildren.net.au)
Use this evidence based relaxation technique at any time of times and as often as you need. (halifaxanxietytrauma.ca)
Progressive Muscle Relaxation is a technique used to relieve stress and reduce anxiety. (examine.com)
The six-second breathing technique will help you achieve this, but this time be sure to exhale as you release the muscle in question. (askmen.com)
This technique helps you focus on different muscle groups and tell the difference between what the muscle feels like when it's tense versus relaxed. (healthline.com)
Relaxation is a technique of mobilization of attention in a particular direction: relaxation. (relaxationtechnique.org)
PMR is a relaxation technique that is useful for someone going through immense stress, nervousness, or a panic attack. (relaxmaven.com)
Progressive Muscle Relaxation is a deep relaxation technique that can be performed in many different settings. (rheum.tv)
We're going to discuss a lesser-known relaxation technique: progressive muscle relaxation. (getjupiter.com)
Progressive muscle relaxation is a safe and easy technique you can follow anywhere at any time. (getjupiter.com)
Progressive muscle relaxation can be a great relaxation technique to induce ease and peace into your body, and help get rid of stress. (cerebral.com)
The Progressive Muscle Relaxation technique (PMR) serves as an effective antidote for stress. (ascellus.com)
What is the Progressive Muscle Relaxation technique? (ascellus.com)
Progressive Muscle Relaxation Name and explain the technique (in your own words), then describe in detail how you are going to implement the technique into your school week. (mycoursebay.com)

A com - bination of long, gentle strokes induce deep relaxation while improving circulation to give the skin a radiant glow. (mandaraspa.com)

tighten the muscles there. (innerhealthstudio.com)
After menopause, those muscles can tighten up and not relax because there is not enough blood going to them once estrogen is no longer present. (joanprice.com)
Tense and Relax muscles as follows: Tighten the right hand, then loosen. (relaxationtechnique.org)

5. The next step is to repeat the sequences in 2-4 for the other hand, then for the arms, shoulders and facial muscles, taking deep breaths between each muscle group until the entire upper body is relaxed. (healthmad.com)
6. When this is done, the same routine must be followed for the lower body, tensing and relaxing muscles of the stomach, buttocks, legs and feet. (healthmad.com)
7. With the entire body subjected to the tensing and relaxing of muscles, close the eyes and sit quietly and relaxed for at least 5 minutes. (healthmad.com)
Next follow in your mind a visual image of the sun warming and loosening all the muscles of your body (Stage 2). (fearofflying.com)
BOOSTER M2-B LCD Display Massage Gun Professional Deep Muscle Massager Pain Relief Body Relaxation Fascial Gun Fitness от интернет-магазина в Китае. (poemaarcanus.cl)
For those who would love to get into the relaxation groove, but just don't know how to or think they don't have time to, here are some ways to relax the mind and body to achieve a more soothing lifestyle. (askmen.com)
Each relaxation, breathe deeply and slowly become aware of the relaxation of your body. (relaxationtechnique.org)
Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is a process that involves systematically tensing and releasing muscles in the body. (getjupiter.com)
It helps the body release endorphins inducing deep relaxation. (healthandyoga.com)
Try to keep the gun's head straight onto the body as you work, the face of the muscle gun head or attachment should be in contact with the muscle you're trying to massage. (womenshealthmag.com)
Work your way up your legs, and on through your whole body tensing and relaxing all your muscles. (yourlifeyourvoice.org)
Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques Whenever the body is performing repeated movements, be they athletic or occupational it is very, the quality of your muscle function depends in part on your ability to relax. (physio.ie)
Hot Stone Contrast Therapy Heated Basalt stones and an ice-cool, refreshing gel will gently detoxify the body and address areas of concern, alleviating stress and easing aching muscles. (mandaraspa.com)
While the body is in a pure state of blissful relaxation, melted paraffin on the back will enhance the warming sensation of this contrast therapy. (mandaraspa.com)
Keep in mind that when we carry the body to the límte of muscle fatigue significantly increases the risk of injury. (americanhorseschool.org)

To determine whether the T2 relaxation time of skeletal muscle is affected by aging and to compare the effects of aging between fast- and slow-twitch muscles in a human study. (elsevier.com)
Do not affect skeletal muscles, but do influence the activity of smooth muscle, exocrine glands, and the cardiac conduction system. (cdc.gov)
In contrast to skeletal muscle and neurons, smooth muscle and the cardiac conduction system normally exhibit intrinsic electrical and mechanical rhythmic activity. (cdc.gov)
Many vertebrates also use this form of muscle and skeletal lever system. (earthlife.net)

In terms of warming, when you're actively moving the muscles, you're improving blood flow circulation," says Dr. Rex. (clevelandclinic.org)

Providing Remedial massage, to alleviate muscle aches and pain, in a safe and supporting environment. (muscleaseremedialtherapies.com)

The 6 Speed Tissue Massager gives your muscles a deep massage. (tvtimedirect.com)
Tell me more about Electric Massager Gun Muscle Relaxation. (self-lovenow.com)
Say goodbye to your tired muscles and feet with this Medcursor foot warmer massager. (medcursor.com)

Deep breathing is a well-known method of stress reduction and relaxation, if done correctly. (cnn.com)

Techniques like muscle relaxation work best if you practise them regularly, even when you're not feeling stressed. (raisingchildren.net.au)
If possible, move to a quieter space where you can focus on relaxation techniques. (healthline.com)
9 If you tend to have trouble falling asleep, relaxation techniques may be helpful. (cdc.gov)
repeated use of the techniques can improve the relaxation effect over time. (cdc.gov)
You can find more about Yoga and Muscle Relaxation Techniques Stress-Management. (musclerelaxerslist.com)
I use an integrated approach to care including chiropractic adjustment, manual manipulation and mobilization, neurology based muscle relaxation techniques, dynamic cupping, ultrasound, electrical muscle stimulation, cold laser, instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (Graston), mechanical diagnosis and therapy (McKenzie), therapeutic exercise and nutritional support for muscles and joints. (nwhealth.edu)
Whether seeking a luxuriously-relaxing therapy or one tailored to soothe over-exerted muscles, our bespoke massage, based on the Swedish method and enhanced by worldwide techniques, achieves desired results. (mandaraspa.com)

Breathe in, and relax your muscle as you breathe out. (raisingchildren.net.au)
Breathe out and relax your muscles completely for 10 to 20 seconds. (getjupiter.com)

The Best Massage Gun For Muscle Pain Relief. (self-lovenow.com)
This Portable and Portable massage application are a must-have for those who are looking to relieve muscle pain. (self-lovenow.com)
It's the method that is used most frequently for back relaxation in cases of chronic back pain. (bauerfeind-group.com)
Practicing progressive muscle relaxtion several times per week has been shown to improve stress, anxiety, sleep, and pain. (rheum.tv)
Skin reactions, muscle cramps, non-specific chest pain, local irritation and arthralgia have been reported. (pediatriconcall.com)

You can also use it to soothe WFH-related niggles, or for a spot of relaxation after a stressful day - trust us, it feels pretty darn good. (womenshealthmag.com)

In genetic (nonobese diabetic) and toxin-elicited (streptozotocin) models of diabetes in mice, we demonstrate defects in gastric emptying and nonadrenergic, noncholinergic relaxation of pyloric muscle, which resemble defects in mice harboring a deletion of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene (nNOS). (jci.org)

These results suggest that both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenoceptors are located on the smooth muscle cells in bovine mesenteric lymphatics and that stimulation of either receptor produces a marked relaxation. (aspetjournals.org)
Bladder stimulation, sphincter relaxation. (cdc.gov)

You will be instructed to tense a particular muscle group for a few seconds, then release the muscles and allow them to loosen. (fearofflying.com)
Stage 2: Allow all the muscle groups to loosen and relax. (fearofflying.com)
4. During each fifteen-second relaxation phase, focus on your breathing and mentally say your cue word - "relax" or "loosen" - with each exhalation. (fearofflying.com)

Kinematics and muscle activities of the lumbar spine during and after working in stooped postures. (cdc.gov)
Yet, there remain limitations regarding load-relaxation of the lumbar spine in response to flexion exposures and the influence of different flexion angles. (cdc.gov)

Our expert tester has trialled them over a three-week period, using them around their hectic exercise schedule - made up of weightlifting, running, HIIT, yoga and more - to see how well each one helped muscles to recover. (womenshealthmag.com)
During this second Yoga Nidra of the Self Reflection program, you will work with Ian on indirect muscle relaxation. (movetohappiness.com)

During stooped work, the low back extensor muscles did not show flexion-relaxation. (cdc.gov)
It could be concluded that the natural and unrestricted stooped work conditions produced similar viscoelastic responses of the low back to what more severe stooping conditions with posture restrictions did in previous research, but could be more fatigue-prone due to low but consistent activation of the low back extensor muscles during stooped work activities. (cdc.gov)
At this distal location, extensor indicis is the only dorsal muscle that is not primarily tendinous. (medscape.com)
At this point, extensor pollicis longus lies immediately beneath the distal muscle bellies of extensor digitorum communis. (medscape.com)

PMR provides relief because stress response and relaxation are incompatible and cannot occur at the same time. (ascellus.com)

Dynamic stretching, explains Dr. Rex, is actively moving joints and muscles with sports-specific motions for around 10-to-12 repetitions, targeting certain muscle groups. (clevelandclinic.org)
Among these is physiotherapy, which helps in rehabilitating injured muscles and joints. (muddsweatandtears.com)

A set of dilators may be used to treat the involuntary tightening of the outermost layer of the pelvic floor that happens with a condition called vaginismus, or when you have high tone pelvic floor dysfunction (over tightening of the pelvic floor muscles that surround the vagina) in the outermost, middle and/or deep layers of the pelvic floor. (joanprice.com)
and relaxation breathing in the case of high tone pelvic floor dysfunction. (joanprice.com)
Exposure of resistance arteries to OPG induced endothelial (decreased relaxation to acetylcholine) and VSMC (decreased relaxation to sodium nitroprusside - SNP) dysfunction, as well as, increased contraction to phenylephrine. (bmj.com)
Because stress is such a major factor in our individual as well as collective illness and dysfunction, the most powerful tool in combating it is deep relaxation. (drmiller.com)
13. Ardizone I, Celemin A, Aneiros F, del Rio J, Sanchez T, Moreno I. Electromyographic study of activity of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfuction: Comparison with the clinical dysfunction index. (bvsalud.org)

Muscle relaxation helps you and your child feel calm and physically relaxed. (raisingchildren.net.au)
Much like going for a massage, a muscle gun helps to reduce inflammation by flushing out your muscle tissues of the fluids built up by exercise and daily bodily stress . (womenshealthmag.com)

A great relaxation tool. (healthandyoga.com)

Ten healthy participants were exposed for 16 min to each of five magnitudes of lumbar flexion specified relative to individual flexion-relaxation angles (i.e., 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100%), during which lumbar flexion angle and trunk moment were recorded. (cdc.gov)

This can get blood flowing and relax your muscles. (medlineplus.gov)

Beta-1 and beta-2 adrenoceptors mediate smooth muscle relaxation in bovine isolated mesenteric lymphatics. (aspetjournals.org)
Neganova A. I., Postnov D. E. Mathematical Modeling of Endothelium-Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Relaxation. (sgu.ru)
By means of computer modeling we investigate the characteristics of the local mechanisms of regulation of contractile activity of smooth muscle cells. (sgu.ru)
Carvajal J. A., Germain A. M., Huidobro-Toro J. P., Weiner C. P. Molecular mechanism of cGMP-mediated smooth muscle relaxation // J. Cell Physiol. (sgu.ru)
Lincoln T. M., Dey N., Sellak H. cGMP-dependent protein kinase signaling mechanisms in smooth muscle : from the regulation of tone to gene expression // J. Appl. (sgu.ru)
Bursztyn L., Eytan O., Jaffa A. J., Elad D. Mathematical model of excitation-contraction in a uterine smooth muscle cell // Amer. J. Physiol Cell. (sgu.ru)
G-proteins then initiate other activities within the cell, such as smooth muscle contraction, gland excretion, etc. (cdc.gov)
Smooth muscles. (cdc.gov)
Smooth muscle activity. (cdc.gov)
Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. (pediatriconcall.com)
Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, particularly in the large arteries, smaller arterioles and large veins. (fasting.ws)

Raise your eyebrows, feeling the tight muscles in your forehead. (innerhealthstudio.com)
Make a tight fist, and tense the muscles of the hand as hard as possible. (healthmad.com)
Tight pelvic floor muscles? (joanprice.com)

However , please note that magnesium can increase the effects of other muscle relaxant drugs (like Botox or Valium), so if you are on any medications, please check with your doctor before adding this supplement to your daily routine. (theglowclinic.ie)

Dr. Mehta recommends trying progressive muscle relaxation, which, she says, basically involves tensing and releasing your muscles one muscle group at a time. (healthline.com)

Rotating beads stimulate muscles on contact and activate nerve endings. (healthandyoga.com)

T2 relaxation times of the soleus (slow-twitch, rich in type I fiber) and gastrocnemius (fast-twitch, rich in type II fiber) muscles were examined in 59 healthy human subjects, 22 to 76 years of age, by clinical magnetic resonance imaging. (elsevier.com)
The T2 relaxation time of fast-twitch muscle increases with aging, due mainly to increased extracellular space, reflecting age-related type II fiber atrophy. (elsevier.com)
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. (bvsalud.org)

The percussion massage gun is great for myofascial trigger points and muscles sore from poor posture and exercise. (self-lovenow.com)

Anatomy60

Organisms17

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs101

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena4

Information Science2

Health Care3

Preservation of postural control of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations in patients with reflux oesophagitis. (1/2533)

Comparison of functional antagonism between isoproterenol and M2 muscarinic receptors in guinea pig ileum and trachea. (2/2533)

The effect of thin filament activation on the attachment of weak binding cross-bridges: A two-dimensional x-ray diffraction study on single muscle fibers. (3/2533)

Intracellular EDTA mimics parvalbumin in the promotion of skeletal muscle relaxation. (4/2533)

Inhibition of the ATP-dependent interaction of actin and myosin by the catalytic domain of the myosin light chain kinase of smooth muscle: possible involvement in smooth muscle relaxation. (5/2533)

The cyclo-oxygenase-dependent regulation of rabbit vein contraction: evidence for a prostaglandin E2-mediated relaxation. (6/2533)

Enantioselective inhibition of the biotransformation and pharmacological actions of isoidide dinitrate by diphenyleneiodonium sulphate. (7/2533)

Effect of acute and long-term treatment with 17-beta-estradiol on the vasomotor responses in the rat aorta. (8/2533)

Muscle Relaxation

Muscle, Smooth

Muscles

Muscle Contraction

Relaxation Therapy

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

Muscle, Skeletal

Muscle Proteins

Muscle Fibers, Skeletal

Nitric Oxide

Vasodilation

Muscle Development

Muscle Fatigue

Trachea

Cyclic GMP

Deuteroporphyrins

Acetylcholine

HSP20 Heat-Shock Proteins

Neuromuscular Blockade

Nitroprusside

Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents

Electric Stimulation

Relaxation

Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch

Vasodilator Agents

Isometric Contraction

Muscle Denervation

Penis

Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch

Muscle Tonus

Rabbits

Guinea Pigs

Calcium

Endothelium, Vascular

Electromyography

Myocytes, Smooth Muscle

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Opossums

Mitochondria, Muscle

Nitroarginine

Aorta, Thoracic

Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Nitric Oxide Donors

Biological Factors

Isoproterenol

Oxadiazoles

Neck Muscles

Guanylate Cyclase

Oculomotor Muscles

Papillary Muscles

Anal Canal

Muscle, Striated

Bromcresol Green

gamma-Cyclodextrins

Androstanols

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Penile Erection

Muscle Spindles

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Nitric Oxide Synthase

Aorta

Respiratory Muscles

Time Factors

Muscle Relaxants, Central

Muscle Weakness

Rats, Wistar

Atracurium

NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester

Nitroglycerin

Neuromuscular Junction

Enzyme Inhibitors

Myotonia Congenita

Abdominal Muscles

Muscle Cells

Myocardial Contraction

Dogs

Phenylephrine

Quadriceps Muscle

Biomechanical Phenomena

Vecuronium Bromide