Muscle contraction. Medical search

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.

A state arrived at through prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle. Studies in athletes during prolonged submaximal exercise have shown that muscle fatigue increases in almost direct proportion to the rate of muscle glycogen depletion. Muscle fatigue in short-term maximal exercise is associated with oxygen lack and an increased level of blood and muscle lactic acid, and an accompanying increase in hydrogen-ion concentration in the exercised muscle.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

Contraction of the UTERINE MUSCLE.

Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage.

Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.

That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type I MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have low ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

Skeletal muscle structures that function as the MECHANORECEPTORS responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (REFLEX, STRETCH). They are composed of a bundle of encapsulated SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, i.e., the intrafusal fibers (nuclear bag 1 fibers, nuclear bag 2 fibers, and nuclear chain fibers) innervated by SENSORY NEURONS.

The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

One of two types of muscle in the body, characterized by the array of bands observed under microscope. Striated muscles can be divided into two subtypes: the CARDIAC MUSCLE and the SKELETAL MUSCLE.

Mitochondria of skeletal and smooth muscle. It does not include myocardial mitochondria for which MITOCHONDRIA, HEART is available.

The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.

The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus).

The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .

A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.

The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.

A movement, caused by sequential muscle contraction, that pushes the contents of the intestines or other tubular organs in one direction.

Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

The smaller subunits of MYOSINS that bind near the head groups of MYOSIN HEAVY CHAINS. The myosin light chains have a molecular weight of about 20 KDa and there are usually one essential and one regulatory pair of light chains associated with each heavy chain. Many myosin light chains that bind calcium are considered "calmodulin-like" proteins.

A protein found in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. It inhibits contraction of the muscle unless its position is modified by TROPONIN.

Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.

Muscle contraction with negligible change in the force of contraction but shortening of the distance between the origin and insertion.

A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)

Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. (from Stedman, 25th ed)

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

The quadriceps femoris. A collective name of the four-headed skeletal muscle of the thigh, comprised of the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.

One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex of skeletal muscle. It is a calcium-binding protein.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (MUSCLE FIBERS, SKELETAL), cardiac (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC), and smooth (MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called MYOBLASTS.

Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The motor activity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.

A musculomembranous sac along the URINARY TRACT. URINE flows from the KIDNEYS into the bladder via the ureters (URETER), and is held there until URINATION.

A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.

Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.

The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch. In skeletal muscle, tonus is dependent upon efferent innervation. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.

The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.

Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.

A protein complex of actin and MYOSINS occurring in muscle. It is the essential contractile substance of muscle.

An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.

A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology.

One of the minor protein components of skeletal muscle. Its function is to serve as the calcium-binding component in the troponin-tropomyosin B-actin-myosin complex by conferring calcium sensitivity to the cross-linked actin and myosin filaments.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.

An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.

Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib, and contract during inspiration or respiration. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and CALMODULIN. The 20-kDa light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.

An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.

The recording of muscular movements. The apparatus is called a myograph, the record or tracing, a myogram. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.

Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.

Drugs that bind to and activate cholinergic receptors.

Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.

A phosphoprotein phosphatase that is specific for MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. It is composed of three subunits, which include a catalytic subunit, a myosin binding subunit, and a third subunit of unknown function.

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that assist with muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions.

A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.

Myosin type II isoforms found in smooth muscle.

A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.

Reflex contraction of a muscle in response to stretching, which stimulates muscle proprioceptors.

Elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblasts lying in close contact with adult skeletal muscle. They are thought to play a role in muscle repair and regeneration.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.

The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.

A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)

The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.

Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.

An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)

The pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles that make up the upper and fore part of the chest in front of the AXILLA.

An order of the class Amphibia, which includes several families of frogs and toads. They are characterized by well developed hind limbs adapted for jumping, fused head and trunk and webbed toes. The term "toad" is ambiguous and is properly applied only to the family Bufonidae.

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It inhibits F-actin-myosin interactions.

Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.

The excretory duct of the testes that carries SPERMATOZOA. It rises from the SCROTUM and joins the SEMINAL VESICLES to form the ejaculatory duct.

The time span between the beginning of physical activity by an individual and the termination because of exhaustion.

A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)

The spread of response if stimulation is prolonged. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 8th ed.)

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.

Parts of the myosin molecule resulting from cleavage by proteolytic enzymes (PAPAIN; TRYPSIN; or CHYMOTRYPSIN) at well-localized regions. Study of these isolated fragments helps to delineate the functional roles of different parts of myosin. Two of the most common subfragments are myosin S-1 and myosin S-2. S-1 contains the heads of the heavy chains plus the light chains and S-2 contains part of the double-stranded, alpha-helical, heavy chain tail (myosin rod).

The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

Region of the body immediately surrounding and including the ELBOW JOINT.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The electrical response evoked in a muscle or motor nerve by electrical or magnetic stimulation. Common methods of stimulation are by transcranial electrical and TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION. It is often used for monitoring during neurosurgery.

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.

A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous ACETYLCHOLINE or exogenous agonists. Muscarinic antagonists have widespread effects including actions on the iris and ciliary muscle of the eye, the heart and blood vessels, secretions of the respiratory tract, GI system, and salivary glands, GI motility, urinary bladder tone, and the central nervous system.

Cells specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Mechanoreceptor cells include the INNER EAR hair cells, which mediate hearing and balance, and the various somatosensory receptors, often with non-neural accessory structures.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws; its posterior portion retracts the mandible.

Proteins which bind calmodulin. They are found in many tissues and have a variety of functions including F-actin cross-linking properties, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and calcium and magnesium ATPases.

An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.

The excitable plasma membrane of a muscle cell. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.

Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.

Voluntary activity without external compulsion.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

A tetrameric calcium release channel in the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM membrane of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, acting oppositely to SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES. It is important in skeletal and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and studied by using RYANODINE. Abnormalities are implicated in CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS and MUSCULAR DISEASES.

Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.

Measurement of the pressure or tension of liquids or gases with a manometer.

Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

The portion of the leg in humans and other animals found between the HIP and KNEE.

The smooth muscle coat of the uterus, which forms the main mass of the organ.

Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

The muscles of the PHARYNX are voluntary muscles arranged in two layers. The external circular layer consists of three constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior). The internal longitudinal layer consists of the palatopharyngeus, the salpingopharyngeus, and the stylopharyngeus. During swallowing, the outer layer constricts the pharyngeal wall and the inner layer elevates pharynx and LARYNX.

A region of the lower extremity immediately surrounding and including the KNEE JOINT.

An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of the DUODENUM.

A monosynaptic reflex elicited by stimulating a nerve, particularly the tibial nerve, with an electric shock.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.

The superior portion of the body of the stomach above the level of the cardiac notch.

Soft tissue formed mainly by the pelvic diaphragm, which is composed of the two levator ani and two coccygeus muscles. The pelvic diaphragm lies just below the pelvic aperture (outlet) and separates the pelvic cavity from the PERINEUM. It extends between the PUBIC BONE anteriorly and the COCCYX posteriorly.

Force exerted when gripping or grasping.

An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of PAIN, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses.

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

A process fundamental to muscle physiology whereby an electrical stimulus or action potential triggers a myocyte to depolarize and contract. This mechanical muscle contraction response is regulated by entry of calcium ions into the cell.

Embryonic (precursor) cells of the myogenic lineage that develop from the MESODERM. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL; MYOCYTES, CARDIAC; MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)

The physiologic or functional barrier to GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX at the esophagogastric junction. Sphincteric muscles remain tonically contracted during the resting state and form the high-pressure zone separating the lumen of the ESOPHAGUS from that of the STOMACH. (Haubrich et al, Bockus Gastroenterology, 5th ed., pp399, 415)

Narrowing of the caliber of the BRONCHI, physiologically or as a result of pharmacological intervention.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It is a cardiac-specific protein that binds to TROPOMYOSIN. It is released from damaged or injured heart muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Defects in the gene encoding troponin T result in FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY.

A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)

A subclass of muscarinic receptor that mediates cholinergic-induced contraction in a variety of SMOOTH MUSCLES.

A condition characterized by abnormal posturing of the limbs that is associated with injury to the brainstem. This may occur as a clinical manifestation or induced experimentally in animals. The extensor reflexes are exaggerated leading to rigid extension of the limbs accompanied by hyperreflexia and opisthotonus. This condition is usually caused by lesions which occur in the region of the brainstem that lies between the red nuclei and the vestibular nuclei. In contrast, decorticate rigidity is characterized by flexion of the elbows and wrists with extension of the legs and feet. The causative lesion for this condition is located above the red nuclei and usually consists of diffuse cerebral damage. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p358)

Agents that inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. The major group of drugs used therapeutically for this purpose is the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS.

Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.

The amount of force generated by MUSCLE CONTRACTION. Muscle strength can be measured during isometric, isotonic, or isokinetic contraction, either manually or using a device such as a MUSCLE STRENGTH DYNAMOMETER.

A device that measures MUSCLE STRENGTH during muscle contraction, such as gripping, pushing, and pulling. It is used to evaluate the health status of muscle in sports medicine or physical therapy.

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.

The artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries; it runs from the lower to the upper border of the pons, where it bifurcates into the two posterior cerebral arteries.

One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Muscarinic receptors were originally defined by their preference for MUSCARINE over NICOTINE. There are several subtypes (usually M1, M2, M3....) that are characterized by their cellular actions, pharmacology, and molecular biology.

Inhibitory innervation of cat sphincter of Oddi. (1/15397)

1 Electrical stimulation with trains of 0.1-0.2 ms pulses of the cat isolated sphincter of Oddi inhibited the spontaneous contractile activity and lowered base-line tension considerably. A contraction usually followed the period of stimulation. 2 These inhibitory effects were prevented by tetrodotoxin 0.1-0.5 mug/ml but were not reduced by hexamethonilm, morphine, or blockade of alpha- or beta-adrenoreceptors of cholinoceptors with phenoxy-benzamine propranolol or atropine, respectively. 3 Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP) inhibited the spontaneous sphincter activity and caused relaxation thus mimicking the effects of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (C8-CCK), isoprenaline and prostaglandin E1 and E2. 4 ATP alone (greater than 100 mug/ml) or ATP (greater than 10 mug/ml) plus dipyridamole (1 mug/ml), relaxed the sphincter to the same degrees as did the field stimulation. 5 In sphincter maximally contracted by acetylcholine, the effect of stimulation was more marked than that recorded in uncontracted preparations. 6 The present findings suggest that the sphincter of Oddi receives inhibitory nerves that are neither cholinergic nor adrenergic. (+info)

Single blind, randomised controlled trial of pelvic floor exercises, electrical stimulation, vaginal cones, and no treatment in management of genuine stress incontinence in women. (2/15397)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of pelvic floor exercises, electrical stimulation, vaginal cones, and no treatment for genuine stress incontinence. DESIGN: Stratified, single blind, randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Multicentre. PARTICIPANTS: 107 women with clinically and urodynamically proved genuine stress incontinence. Mean (range) age was 49.5 (24-70) years, and mean (range) duration of symptoms 10.8 (1-45) years. INTERVENTIONS: Pelvic floor exercise (n=25) comprised 8-12 contractions 3 times a day and exercise in groups with skilled physical therapists once a week. The electrical stimulation group (n=25) used vaginal intermittent stimulation with the MS 106 Twin at 50 Hz 30 minutes a day. The vaginal cones group (n=27) used cones for 20 minutes a day. The untreated control group (n=30) was offered the use of a continence guard. Muscle strength was measured by vaginal squeeze pressure once a month. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pad test with standardised bladder volume, and self report of severity. RESULTS: Improvement in muscle strength was significantly greater (P=0.03) after pelvic floor exercises (11.0 cm H2O (95% confidence interval 7.7 to 14.3) before v 19.2 cm H2O (15.3 to 23.1) after) than either electrical stimulation (14.8 cm H2O (10. 9 to 18.7) v 18.6 cm H2O (13.3 to 23.9)) or vaginal cones (11.8 cm H2O (8.5 to 15.1) v 15.4 cm H2O (11.1 to 19.7)). Reduction in leakage on pad test was greater in the exercise group (-30.2 g; -43. 3 to 16.9) than in the electrical stimulation group (-7.4 g; -20.9 to 6.1) and the vaginal cones group (-14.7 g; -27.6 to -1.8). On completion of the trial one participant in the control group, 14 in the pelvic floor exercise group, three in the electrical stimulation group, and two in the vaginal cones group no longer considered themselves as having a problem. CONCLUSION: Training of the pelvic floor muscles is superior to electrical stimulation and vaginal cones in the treatment of genuine stress incontinence. (+info)

Cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spike discharge encodes movement velocity in primates during visuomotor arm tracking. (3/15397)

Pathophysiological, lesion, and electrophysiological studies suggest that the cerebellar cortex is important for controlling the direction and speed of movement. The relationship of cerebellar Purkinje cell discharge to the control of arm movement parameters, however, remains unclear. The goal of this study was to examine how movement direction and speed and their interaction-velocity-modulate Purkinje cell simple spike discharge in an arm movement task in which direction and speed were independently controlled. The simple spike discharge of 154 Purkinje cells was recorded in two monkeys during the performance of two visuomotor tasks that required the animals to track targets that moved in one of eight directions and at one of four speeds. Single-parameter regression analyses revealed that a large proportion of cells had discharge modulation related to movement direction and speed. Most cells with significant directional tuning, however, were modulated at one speed, and most cells with speed-related discharge were modulated along one direction; this suggested that the patterns of simple spike discharge were not adequately described by single-parameter models. Therefore, a regression surface was fitted to the data, which showed that the discharge could be tuned to specific direction-speed combinations (preferred velocities). The overall variability in simple spike discharge was well described by the surface model, and the velocities corresponding to maximal and minimal discharge rates were distributed uniformly throughout the workspace. Simple spike discharge therefore appears to integrate information about both the direction and speed of arm movements, thereby encoding movement velocity. (+info)

Spinal cord-evoked potentials and muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in 10 awake human subjects. (4/15397)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TCMS) causes leg muscle contractions, but the neural structures in the brain that are activated by TCMS and their relationship to these leg muscle responses are not clearly understood. To elucidate this, we concomitantly recorded leg muscle responses and thoracic spinal cord-evoked potentials (SCEPs) after TCMS for the first time in 10 awake, neurologically intact human subjects. In this report we provide evidence of direct and indirect activation of corticospinal neurons after TCMS. In three subjects, SCEP threshold (T) stimulus intensities recruited both the D wave (direct activation of corticospinal neurons) and the first I wave (I1, indirect activation of corticospinal neurons). In one subject, the D, I1, and I2 waves were recruited simultaneously, and in another subject, the I1 and I2 waves were recruited simultaneously. In the remaining five subjects, only the I1 wave was recruited first. More waves were recruited as the stimulus intensity increased. The presence of D and I waves in all subjects at low stimulus intensities verified that TCMS directly and indirectly activated corticospinal neurons supplying the lower extremities. Leg muscle responses were usually contingent on the SCEP containing at least four waves (D, I1, I2, and I3). (+info)

99mTc-labeled vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor agonist: functional studies. (5/15397)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a naturally occurring 28-amino acid peptide with a wide range of biological activities. Recent reports suggest that VIP receptors are expressed on a variety of malignant tumor cells and that the receptor density is higher than for somatostatin. Our aims were to label VIP with 99mTc--a generator-produced, inexpensive radionuclide that possesses ideal characteristics for scintigraphic imaging--and to evaluate 99mTc-VIP for bioactivity and its ability to detect experimental tumors. METHODS: VIP28 was modified at the carboxy terminus by the addition of four amino acids that provided an N4 configuration for a strong chelation of 99mTc. To eliminate steric hindrance, 4-aminobutyric acid (Aba) was used as a spacer. VIP28 was labeled with 1251, which served as a control. Biological activity of the modified VIP28 agonist (TP3654) was examined in vitro using a cell-binding assay and an opossum internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle relaxivity assay. Tissue distribution studies were performed at 4 and 24 h after injection, and receptor-blocking assays were also performed in nude mice bearing human colorectal cancer LS174T. Blood clearance was examined in normal Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS: The yield of 99mTc-TP3654 was quantitative, and the yields of 125I-VIP and 1251-TP3654 were >90%. All in vitro data strongly suggested that the biological activity of 99mTc-TP3654 agonist was equivalent to that of VIP28. As the time after injection increased, radioactivity in all tissues decreased, except in the receptor-enriched tumor (P = 0.84) and in the lungs (P = 0.78). The tumor uptake (0.23 percentage injected dose per gram of tissue [%ID/g]) was several-fold higher than 125I-VIP (0.06 %ID/g) at 24 h after injection in the similar system. In mice treated with unlabeled VIP or TP3654, the uptake of 99mTc-TP3654 decreased in all VIP receptor-rich tissues except the kidneys. The blood clearance was biphasic; the alpha half-time was 5 min and the beta half-time was approximately 120 min. CONCLUSION: VIP28 was modified and successfully labeled with 99mTc. The results of all in vitro examinations indicated that the biological activity of TP3654 was equivalent to that of native VIP28 and tumor binding was receptor specific. (+info)

Uterine peristalsis during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle: effects of oestrogen, antioestrogen and oxytocin. (6/15397)

Uterine peristalsis, directing sustained and rapid sperm transport from the external cervical os or the cervical crypts to the isthmic part of the tube ipsilateral to the dominant follicle, changes in direction and frequency during the menstrual cycle, with lowest activity during menstruation and highest activity at mid cycle. It was therefore suggested that uterine peristalsis is under the control of the dominant follicle with the additional involvement of oxytocin. To test this hypothesis, vaginal sonography of uterine peristalsis was performed in the early, mid and late proliferative phases, respectively, of cycles of women treated with oestradiol valerate and with human menopausal gonadotrophin following pituitary downregulation, with clomiphene citrate and with intravenous oxytocin, respectively. Administration of oestradiol valerate resulted in oestradiol serum concentrations comparable with the normal cycle with a simulation of the normal frequency of peristaltic contractions. Elevated oestradiol concentrations and bolus injections of oxytocin resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of peristaltic contractions in the early and mid follicular phases, respectively. Chlomiphene tended, though insignificantly so, to suppress the frequency of peristaltic waves in the presence of elevated oestradiol concentrations. In the late follicular phase of the cycle extremely elevated oestradiol concentrations as well as the injection of oxytocin resulted only in an insignificant further increase of peristaltic frequency. In the normal cycles, as well as during extremely elevated oestradiol concentrations and following oxytocin administration, the peristaltic contractions were always confined to the subendometrial layer of the muscular wall. The results and the review of literature indicate that uterine peristalsis during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is controlled by oestradiol released from the dominant follicle with the probable involvement of oxytocin, which is presumably stimulated together with its receptor within the endometrial-subendometrial unit and therefore acting in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. Since unphysiological stimulation with oestradiol and oxytocin did not significantly increase the frequency of uterine peristalsis in the late follicular phase of the cycle it is assumed that normal preovulatory frequency of uterine peristalsis is at a level which cannot be significantly surpassed due to phenomena of refractoriness of the system. (+info)

Adrenoreceptors of the guinea-pig urinary bladder. (7/15397)

1 Adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline (5 mug/ml) did not affect the resting tone of the isolated urinary bladder of the guinea-pig. 2 The catecholamines (1-2 mug/ml) inhibited neuronally evoked contractions at various stimulation frequencies; the inhibition was maximum at 2 Hz and minimum at 50 Hz. Isoprenaline produced maximum inhibition. 3 Propranolol (0.5 mug/ml) completely blocked the catecholamine-induced inhibition at all the frequencies employed. The concentration-response curves of isoprenaline at 2, 10 and 50 Hz were characteristically shifted by propranolol (50 ng/ml). Phenoxybenzamine (0.2 mug/ml) was totally ineffective. 4 In some experiments adrenaline significantly raised the tone of the bladder exposed to propranolol; this effect could be blocked by phenoxybenzamine. 5 Acetylcholine-induced bladder contractions were inhibited by adrenaline (2 mug/ml); the inhibition was completely blocked by propranolol (0.5 mug/ml). 6 The results indicate the presence of an inhibitory beta-adrenoceptor and suggest the possibility of an excitatory alpha-adrenoceptor in guinea-pig urinary bladder. (+info)

The cat lung strip as an in vitro preparation of peripheral airways: a comparison of beta-adrenoceptor agonists, autacoids and anaphylactic challenge on the lung strip and trachea. (8/15397)

1 A new in vitro preparation, the isolated lung strip of the cat, is described for investigating the direct effect of drugs on the smooth muscle of the peripheral airways of the lung. The preparation comprises a thin strip of lung parenchyma which can be mounted in a conventional organ bath for isometric tension recording. Its pharmacological responses have been characterized and compared with the isolated tracheal preparation of the cat. 2 The lung strip exhibited an intrinsic tone which was relaxed by catecholamines, aminophylline and flufenamate. It was contracted strongly by histamine, prostaglandin F2alpha, acetylcholine, compound 48/80, potassium depolarizing solution and alternating current field stimulation. In contrast, the cat trachea was unresponsive to histamine and prostaglandin F2alpha and did not exhibit an intrinsic tone. 3 (-)-Isoprenaline and (-)-adrenaline were much more potent in relaxing the lung strip than the trachea. The potency order of relaxation responses to isoprenaline, adrenaline and (+/-)-noradrenaline in the lung strip was isoprenaline greater than adrenaline greater than noradrenaline but in the trachea was isoprenaline greater than noradrenaline greater than or equal to adrenaline. 4 beta2-Adrenoceptor selective agonists salbutamol and terbutaline were more potent in the lung strip than the trachea, suggesting beta2-adrenoceptors predominated in the lung strip. Propranolol was equipotent in inhibiting isoprenaline relexations of the lung strip and trachea, whereas practolol was much less effective in inhibiting lung strip than trachea, further supporting a predominance of beta2-adrenoceptors in lung strip and beta1-adrenoceptors in trachea. 5 Strong Schultz-Dale type contractions were elicited in both lung strips and trachea by Ascaris lumbricoides antigen in actively sensitized cats. The initial phase of the contractile response of the lung strip following challenge was shown to be due to histamine release and was absent in the trachea. The delayed phase of the contraction which took several minutes to develop in both the mepyramine-treated lung strip and trachea was not due to prostaglandins E1, F2alpha or bradykinin, the probable mediator being slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). 6 It is concluded that the isolated lung strip of the cat is useful as an in vitro model for investigating the effect of drugs on the smooth muscle of the peripheral airways of the lungs. (+info)

Sweeney HL, Hammers DW (February 2018). "Muscle Contraction". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 10 (2): a023200. doi: ... Rhabdomyosarcoma is a sarcoma of composed of skeletal muscle cells; irregular growth in the primitive form of these skeletal ... These neoplastic cells yield positive results for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and desmin stains; however, myoglobin, myoD1 ... Immunohistochemistry techniques allow for the sensitive detection of desmin, vimentin, muscle specific actin, and MyoD1. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabdomyoblast

In muscle cells, for example, an action potential is the first step in the chain of events leading to contraction. In beta ... "Cardiac Muscle Contraction". Retrieved 28 May 2021. Pickard B (June 1973). "Action Potentials in Higher Plants" (PDF). The ... This enzyme quickly reduces the stimulus to the muscle, which allows the degree and timing of muscular contraction to be ... which then produces muscle contraction. Nearly all cell membranes in animals, plants and fungi maintain a voltage difference ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential

Psychogenic hypothesis: emotions, such as stress, causing contraction in skeletal muscles. The vertebral subluxation has been ... muscle contraction or imbalance; altered physiological function; reversible with adjustment/manipulation; focal tenderness. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation

... heart muscle contraction performance; and some aspects of heart valve function. Important internal heart and lung blood ... Less frequently, valvular, heart muscle, or arrhythmia issues are the primary focus of the test. Coronary artery luminal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_catheterization

... involuntary contractions may involve the muscles used for chewing (masticatory muscles). These may include the thick muscle in ... temporalis muscle). Some patients may also experience involuntary contractions of the wide muscle at the side of the neck ( ... platysmal muscle). This muscle draws down the corner of the mouth and lower lip or other muscle groups.[citation needed] In ... The Greek word blepharon means "eyelid". Spasm means "uncontrolled muscle contraction". The term blepharospasm ['blef-a-ro-spaz ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meige's_syndrome

Spudich JA, Huxley HE, Finch J (1972). "Regulation of skeletal muscle contraction. II. Structural studies of the interaction of ... Spudich JA, Watt S (1971). "The Regulation of Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Contraction". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 246 (15): ... of Biochemistry and of Cardiovascular Disease at Stanford University and works on the molecular basis of muscle contraction. He ... A brief history of muscle biology 1864-1969". Retrieved 2 June 2020. Zubrinic, Darko. "James Spudich American scientist of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Spudich

The muscles then contract through the sliding filament mechanism, causing shortening of sarcomeres and muscle contraction. ... Webb RC (December 2003). "Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation". Advances in Physiology Education. 27 (1-4): 201-6. doi: ... When these cells are depolarized, the L-type calcium channels open as in smooth muscle. In skeletal muscle, the actual opening ... "Thromboxane A2-induced contraction of rat caudal arterial smooth muscle involves activation of Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_calcium_channel

Webb, RC (December 2003). "Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation". Advances in Physiology Education. 27 (1-4): 201-6. doi: ... Directly relax the muscle in the walls of the blood vessels (especially the arterioles), allowing the vessel to dilate (widen ... However, it has been shown that knocking out this sympathetic stimulation plays little or no role in whether skeletal muscle is ... It results from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, in particular in the large veins, large arteries, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilation

Muscle contraction is stimulated by the motor neuron sending a message to the muscles from the somatic nervous system. ... Cardiac muscles are found in the heart and are used only to circulate blood; like the smooth muscles, these muscles are not ... Bárány, Michael (2002). "SMOOTH MUSCLE". Retrieved 19 November 2008. "The Mechanism of Muscle Contraction". Principles of Meat ... Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and arranged in opposing groups around joints. Muscles are innervated, to communicate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_musculoskeletal_system

Is titin a 'winding filament'? A new twist on muscle contraction. Kiisa C Nishikawa, Jenna A Monroy, Theodore E Uyeno, Sang ... "NAU physiologist publishes findings on the role of the protein titin in muscle contraction - NAU News". Retrieved 2020-03-07. ... where her laboratory investigates muscle contraction, including the role of titin and developing bio-inspired control ... Retrieved 2020-03-07.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) "Atomic force microscope will investigate muscle movement at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiisa_Nishikawa

This increases the muscle contraction strength. Additionally, within minutes, cell metabolism and gene expression, which are ... In this phase of the cardiac cycle, electrical signals cannot trigger new cardiac muscle contractions, hence this type of ... The short- and long-term use of this therapy enhances the strength of ventricular contraction and therefore the heart's pumping ... Studies on individual cardiac muscle cells using a patch-clamp technique had already shown, in 1969, that a voltage applied ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_contractility_modulation

"Structural changes in muscle during contraction; interference microscopy of living muscle fibres". Nature. 173 (4412): 971-973 ... leading to the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. Interference microscopy became relatively popular in the 1940-1970 ... which was first effectively exploited by Andrew Huxley in studies of striated muscle cell structure and function, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_interference_microscopy

Smooth muscle contraction in the gut. Probable role in sleep paralysis. Activation of the 5-HT2A receptor is necessary for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-HT2A_receptor

... which cause the contraction of skeletal muscles. These equations presented an entirely new paradigm for understanding muscle ... into a detailed description of muscle structure and how muscle contraction occurs and generates force that he published in 1957 ... "Structural changes in muscle during contraction; interference microscopy of living muscle fibres". Nature. 173 (4412): 971-3. ... He, however, was able to make interference microscopy work and to apply it to the problem of muscle contraction with great ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Huxley

Some examples include: Huxley, A.F. (1957). "Muscle Structure and Theories of Contraction". Progress in Biophysics and ... Woledge, Roger C. (1971). "Heat Production and chemical change in muscle". Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. 22: 37 ... and the mechanical and thermal properties of muscle fibre operation. When Randall stepped down in 1957 he was succeeded by Sir ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_in_Biophysics_and_Molecular_Biology

Chapman, RA (January 1980). "Excitation-contraction Coupling in Cardiac Muscle". Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. ... which are then transmitted to cardiac muscle cells to induce contraction. After depolarization, the ions are moved back to ... Mutations resulting in loss of function of K+ channels can result in delayed repolarization of the cardiac muscle cells. ... and cardiac muscle, to mutations in genes coding for ion channels of the heart. Movement of ions, particularly Na+, Ca2+ and K+ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celivarone

Sliding Filament Mechanism in Muscle Contraction. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 565. pp. 283-92, ... ALC-1 is expressed very early in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle development; two E-boxes and CArG box in the MYL4 promoter ... ALC-1 is expressed in fetal cardiac ventricular and fetal skeletal muscle, as well as fetal and adult cardiac atrial tissue. ... ALC-1 is expressed in fetal cardiac ventricular and fetal skeletal muscle, as well as fetal and adult cardiac atrial tissue. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYL4

A 0 is for no muscle contraction. A 1 is for a flicker or trace of contraction in a muscle. A 2 is for active movement in a ... muscle strength is tested using the bench press for a variety of spinal cord related injuries with a muscle being assessed on a ... In 2002, USA Track & Field defined this class as, "These athletes have no hand function, are unable to use the muscles that ... The sixth test measures the trunk extension involving the lumbar and dorsal muscles while leaning forward at a 45 degree angle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F1_(classification)

This event allows the muscle fibers to overlap, causing a contraction. In BD, Ca2+ levels are high in the cytoplasm, which ... Skeletal muscle biopsies are used to examine muscle fibers. Biopsies in individuals with BD often show variation in muscle ... Increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels interfere with muscle contraction, leading to the characteristic symptoms of BD. In some ... "Sliding Filament Theory, Sarcomere, Muscle Contraction, Myosin , Learn Science at Scitable". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2018-09- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brody_myopathy

... that are integral to muscle contraction in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, but not smooth muscle. Measurements of cardiac- ... and contraction of the muscle begins. Troponin is found in both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, but the specific versions ... playing the main role in Ca2+ dependent regulation of muscle contraction. TnT and TnI in cardiac muscle are presented by forms ... In a relaxed muscle, tropomyosin blocks the attachment site for the myosin crossbridge, thus preventing contraction. When the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troponin

He attributed this muscle contraction to irritability, which he described as being an inherent power. He particularly made the ... One example is the muscle and contraction. Various explanations on a macroscopic and microscopic scale were made to explain how ... and differences in muscles across living things and his understanding of the underlying mechanism of muscle contraction, ... thus the muscle changed shape at a fixed volume by only changing the angles between each fibre. This explanation of contraction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrophysics

37: Mechanism of Muscle Contraction" (PDF). Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. Retrieved 8 Feb 2015. "List of ... His research focused on the biochemistry and cellular physiology of muscle contraction and nerve transmission. In retirement ... 1990). Tissue culture of squid neurons, glia, and muscle cells. pp. 195-212. In: D.L. Gilbert, W.J. Adelman and M. Arnold (eds ... Kelly, R.E. and R.V. Rice (1968). Localization of myosin filaments in smooth muscle. Journal of Cell Biology 37(1):105-116. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_V._Rice

A 0 is for no muscle contraction. A 1 is for a flicker or trace of contraction in a muscle. A 2 is for active movement in a ... muscle strength is tested using the bench press for a variety of spinal cord related injuries with a muscle being assessed on a ... A 5 is for normal muscle movement. Sports portal National Governing Body for Athletics of Wheelchair Sports, USA. Chapter 2: ... poke and prod their muscles with their hands and with pins. The system had no built in privacy safeguards and players being ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F8_(classification)

For example, it regulates the contraction of muscles, nerve conduction, and the clotting of blood. As a result, intra- and ... in contraction of all muscle cell types; as cofactors in many enzymes; and in fertilization. Calcium ions outside cells are ... Symptoms include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, memory loss, confusion, muscle weakness, increased urination, dehydration, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium

At the organ level blebbistatin stops the contraction of skeletal muscle or heart muscle. Blebbistatin has also been found to ... It is widely used in research to inhibit heart muscle myosin, non-muscle myosin II, and skeletal muscle myosin. Blebbistatin ... contraction of skinned tracheal muscles from guinea pig". Journal of Smooth Muscle Research = Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai Kikanshi ... "Potent inhibition of arterial smooth muscle tonic contractions by the selective myosin II inhibitor, blebbistatin". The Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blebbistatin

Davydov, Alexander S. (1979). "Solitons, bioenergetics, and the mechanism of muscle contraction". International Journal of ... Davydov, Alexander S. (1973). "The theory of contraction of proteins under their excitation". Journal of Theoretical Biology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davydov_soliton

For example, botulinum injections paralyze facial muscles. This prevents muscle contraction and subsequent wrinkle formation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoaging

Structural basis of contraction in vertebrate smooth muscle. J Mol Biol. 1972 Jun 14; 67(1):117-149. Squire JM. General model ... The main focus of his research was on the structural basis of muscle contraction. His early contributions were the proposal of ... His final works were on the unresolved problem of how myosin and actin molecules interact to bring about muscle contraction, as ... where he researched muscle contraction and blood vessel glycocalyx structure. He was a Fellow of both the Institute of Physics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Squire

EMS units are designed to cause muscle contraction. An increasing number of "body toner" or "electromassage"-type power sources ... The international standard on the basic safety of medical nerve and muscle stimulators advises "that stimulation should not be ... electrical muscle stimulation) units. Some people soon found alternative uses for the Relax-A-Cizors by placing the contacts on ... which was originally designed to stimulate the muscles of a relaxing subject using electric currents as a means of "passive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erotic_electrostimulation

It also causes muscle contractions. HEY, P (March 1952). "On relationships between structure and nicotine-like stimulant ... WILLEY, GL (December 1955). "Stimulant activities of quaternary ammonium compounds on mammalian skeletal muscle". British ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline_m-bromophenyl_ether

This is a neurotransmitter which plays a necessary role in muscle contraction, memory and neural development, for example.[6] ... Severe deficiency causes muscle damage and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which may develop into cirrhosis.[28] ... Symptomatic choline deficiency - rare in humans - causes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and muscle damage.[4] Excessive ... muscles and heart. They are associated with the mitochondrial oxidation of choline to trimethylglycine. CTL1s and CTL2s are not ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline

IL-6 is also considered a myokine, a cytokine produced from muscle, which is elevated in response to muscle contraction.[27] It ... "Muscle contractions induce interleukin-6 mRNA production in rat skeletal muscles". The Journal of Physiology. 528 Pt 1: 157-163 ... muscle contractions. This finding clearly demonstrates that muscle damage is not required to provoke an increase in plasma IL-6 ... IL-6 was the first myokine that was found to be secreted into the blood stream in response to muscle contractions.[33] Aerobic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_6

Muscle contraction[edit]. Physiology of muscle contraction involves several interactions. Myosin filaments act as molecular ... motors and by binding to actin enables filament sliding.[8] Furthermore, members of the skeletal muscle lipid droplet- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein–protein_interaction

2][3]The tunica adventitia contains three zones, with the middle zone consisting of few smooth muscle fibers; this differs from ... As a result, the (right) atrial and (right) ventricular contractions are conducted up into the internal jugular vein and, ... The middle layer is the tunica media, composed of smooth muscle tissue, and the outermost and thickest layer is the tunica ... through the sternocleidomastoid muscle, can be seen as the jugular venous pressure. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_vena_cava

... and is operated by a complex set of muscles inserting into cartilages of the neurocranium, assisted by peristaltic contractions ... In particular, hagfish muscles have increased force and gape size compared to similar-sized jawed vertebrates, but lack the ... The hagfish eye lacks a lens, extraocular muscles, and the three motor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) found in more complex ... Robertson, J.D (1976), "Chemical composition of the body fluids and muscle of the hagfish Myxine glutinosa and the rabbit-fish ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagfish

The most important muscle involved is the orbicularis oris muscle, which is used to pucker the lips and informally known as the ... Research indicates that contraction of HIV via kissing is extremely unlikely, although there was a documented case in 1997 of ... "orbicularis oris muscle". TheFreeDictionary: Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd edition. 2008. Retrieved 3 October 2010.. ... Men will give themselves away by a certain excited trembling in the muscles of the lower jaw upon seeing their beloved. Women ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiss

Hulbert AJ, Faulks S, Buttemer WA, Else PL (November 2002). "Acyl composition of muscle membranes varies with body size in ... are distributed to cells to serve as a fuel for muscular contraction and general metabolism. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid

... possible spreading due to muscle contractions), but cross contamination with the electrodes themselves is of greater concern.[ ... A strong but painless sensation of strained muscles Top of the muscle in a sore muscle area to activate the motor nerves. ... For the muscle stimulation device, see Electrical muscle stimulation.. "TENS" redirects here. For other uses, see TENS ( ... It may also cause skin irritation due to the inability to feel currents until they are too high.[52] There's an unknown level ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcutaneous_electrical_nerve_stimulation

positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction. *regulation of inflammatory response. *positive regulation of gap junction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensin_converting_enzyme_2

As the silent performance required expressive eyes, a new eye model was made to depict both greater accuracy in muscle movement ... and there's a lot more stories to tell after this. I imagine the next film will be about the all-out war between the apes and ... The digital apes also received detailed models with skeletons, muscles and nerve tissue layers for accurate animation. Cast ... Given the difference between human and chimpanzee facial muscles, the animators tweaked the performance through a new facial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_of_the_Planet_of_the_Apes

A 50% solution of DMSO had the potential to create irreversible muscle contraction. However, a lesser solution of 25% was found ... The goal of therapy is to relax and lengthen the pelvic floor muscles, rather than to tighten and/or strengthen them as is the ... Urologic pelvic pain syndromes, such as IC/BPS and CP/CPPS, are characterized by pelvic muscle tenderness, and symptoms may be ... A therapeutic wand can also be used to perform pelvic floor muscle myofascial release to provide relief.[48] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_cystitis

... ultimately causing smooth muscle contraction.[34] In order to activate contraction of smooth muscle, the head of the myosin ... Walsh MP (June 1994). "Calmodulin and the regulation of smooth muscle contraction". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 135 (1 ... This MLC kinase is activated by a calmodulin when it is bound by calcium, thus making smooth muscle contraction dependent on ... Another way that calmodulin affects muscle contraction is by controlling the movement of Ca2+ across both the cell and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmodulin

This leads to the actual contraction of the muscle.[15] Contractions of smooth muscle fiber are dependent on how a Ca2+ influx ... Contractions of skeletal muscle fiber are caused due to electrical stimulation. This process is caused by the depolarization of ... When a Ca2+ influx occurs, cross bridges form between myosin and actin leading to the contraction of the muscle fibers. ... Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger with wide-ranging physiological roles.[2] These include muscle contraction, neuronal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_signaling

In both types the modified operculum is opened by other muscles that attach to it,[27] or by internal muscles that raise the ... Wave-like peristaltic contractions move the food through the stomach for digestion. The final section of the stomach is lined ... The invert is withdrawn, sometimes within 60 milliseconds, by a pair of retractor muscles that are anchored at the far end of ... The body wall consists of the epidermis, basal lamina (a mat of non-cellular material), connective tissue, muscles, and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa

... which is involved in striated muscle formation. In nature, DNA molecules can be much bigger than protein molecules and ... There's a little bit of floccinaucinihilipilification going on here." *^ Eckler, R. Making the Alphabet Dance, p 252, 1996. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_word_in_English

"Here's Proof That Crowdfunding Pays Off". Fortune. Retrieved March 15, 2019.. *^ "AngelList Unveils Maiden Lane, A $25 Million ... "Angels Muscling In on VC Turf". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved May 4, 2018 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/AngelList

When the heart muscle contracts (pushes in) it is called systole. When the heart muscle relaxes (stops pushing in), this is ... It has regular contractions, or when the heart squeezes the blood out into other parts of the body. ... Myocardium means the heart muscle: 'myo' is from the Greek word for muscle - 'mys', cardium is from the Greek word for heart ... Once the bundle (meaning a group of strings or wires going in parallel directions) goes through the ventricle muscle, it ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart

Bolen, J. G., (1980-12-09). "The male orgasm: pelvic contractions measured by anal probe". Archives of Sexual Behavior (6): 503 ... Assessment of the electromyographic activity of the bulbocavernosus and ischiocavernosus muscles". British Journal of Urology. ...

https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/વીર્ય_સ્ખલન

... these receptor channels allow sodium ions into muscle cells to initiate an action potential that leads to muscle contraction. ... As a result, the muscle cells contract permanently, the communication between the brain and the muscles is disrupted and ... a b Brin, Mitchell F (1997) "Botulinum Toxin: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicity, and Immunology." Muscle & Nerve, 20 (S6): 146- ... Once it has triggered a contraction, anatoxin-a does not allow the neurons to return to their resting state, because it is not ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin

The probe measures muscle contractions in different parts of the esophagus during the act of swallowing. Manometry reveals ... The innermost circular muscle layer of the esophagus is divided and extended through the LES until about 2 cm into the gastric ... Esophageal achalasia, often referred to simply as achalasia, is a failure of smooth muscle fibers to relax, which can cause the ... The lower esophageal sphincter is a muscle between the esophagus and stomach that opens when food comes in. It closes to avoid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achalasia

The right heart is a solid mass of muscle which provides most of the force behind the body's blood circulation. The left heart ... "There's No Hiding Place Down here"-about the inevitability of the punishment of a fleeing sinner. William Forward asked J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosh_Naranek

Intramuscular administration is not recommended due to small muscle mass.[31] Intracerebral administration is also possible. ... "There's more to life than rats and flies". Nature. Retrieved 6 August 2015 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_mouse

Mechanical work in muscles Muscle contraction model Founding biophysics. Hill equation (biochemistry). ...

https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Hill

... move to the underlining smooth muscle, and reverse the smooth muscle contraction caused by TXA2 by functioning as a Receptor ... move to underlying smooth muscles, and trigger a response of Hyperpolarization (biology)-induced relaxation by binding to and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepoxilin_A3

... characterized by involuntary extension and contractions of the muscles of the feet that cause the bird to constantly tap its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclectus_parrot

Muscular thin films (MTF) enable cardiac muscle monolayers to be engineered on a thin flexible substrate of PDMS.[40] In order ... Collagen tends to detach from the microfluidic backbone during culturing due to the contraction of fibroblasts. One study ... The multiple inputs from a microenvironment cause a wide range of mechanical or chemical stimuli on the smooth muscle cells ( ... The contraction rate of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) is observed to accelerate with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ-on-a-chip

... various parts of the heart muscle with different timing than usual and can be responsible for poorly coordinated contraction.[ ... Extra beats include premature atrial contractions, premature ventricular contractions and premature junctional contractions.[3] ... Premature junctional contraction. Ventricular arrhythmia[edit]. *Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), sometimes called ... Automaticity refers to a cardiac muscle cell firing off an impulse on its own. All of the cells in the heart have the ability ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_dysrhythmia

"Muscle from Brussels as open access gets an €80bn boost". Times Higher Education (THE). 17 May 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2017.. ... there's evidence suggesting that reliability of published research works in several fields may decrease with increasing journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsevier,_Inc.

The flap is closed during muscle relaxation and opens during contraction.[93] Dolphins are voluntary breathers, who must ... The flukes (lobes of the tail) and dorsal fin are formed of dense connective tissue and do not contain bone or muscle. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin

Mannies, Jo (March 18, 2008). "Ron Paul's Missouri Backers Muscle Up: They Say Caucus Strategy was to Get GOP to Return to ... there's no proposal for any real cuts and both parties support it."[145] Paul received 26,204 write-in votes, or 0.02% of the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Paul

encoded search term (Muscle Contraction Tension Headache) and Muscle Contraction Tension Headache What to Read Next on Medscape ... Muscle Contraction Tension Headache. Updated: May 21, 2019 * Author: Syed M S Ahmed, MD; Chief Editor: Tarakad S Ramachandran, ... Muscle contraction (tension) headache. Clin J Pain. 1989. 5(1):39-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Hypoalgesic effect of caffeine in experimental ischemic muscle contraction pain. Headache. 1997 Nov-Dec. 37(10):654-8. [QxMD ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1142908-186579/what-is-the-prevalence-of-tension-type-headache-tth

encoded search term (Muscle Contraction Tension Headache) and Muscle Contraction Tension Headache What to Read Next on Medscape ... Muscle Contraction Tension Headache Differential Diagnoses. Updated: May 21, 2019 * Author: Syed M S Ahmed, MD; Chief Editor: ... Muscle contraction (tension) headache. Clin J Pain. 1989. 5(1):39-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Hypoalgesic effect of caffeine in experimental ischemic muscle contraction pain. Headache. 1997 Nov-Dec. 37(10):654-8. [QxMD ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142908-differential

regulation of striated muscle contraction + skeletal muscle contraction + A process in which force is generated within skeletal ... involuntary skeletal muscle contraction + regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential involved in skeletal muscle ... In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under ... skeletal muscle contraction (GO:0003009). Annotations: Rat: (53) Mouse: (51) Human: (54) Chinchilla: (42) Bonobo: (45) Dog: (51 ...

https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/ontology/view.html?acc_id=GO:0003009

A typical muscle fiber at rest contains enough ATP for millions of contractions. ... Iron and fats bound to actin play a critical role in muscle cell contraction and relaxation. ... Muscle Fibre types Slow twitch and Fast twitch GCSE PE in 3 revision in 3 minutes ... GCSE PE - MUSCLE FIBRE TYPES - Anatomy and Physiology (Skeletal and Muscular System - 1.6) ...

https://www.pearson.com/channels/biology/asset/ea3cecc7/which-statement-about-muscle-contraction-is-correct

Heres a few more looks from the past couple offseasons of Syndergaard crushing it in the gym:. 3. Getting into the holiday ... How did he do it? Syndergaard used the all-Paleo, protein-packed Bowl of Doom to pack on the muscle. Find out whats in it.) ... This time around he continued to push hard in the gym, but to make sure he gained the muscle and weight he wanted, Syndergaard ... This winter, Syndergaard has packed on even more muscle.. In fact, he added nearly 20 pounds of it. ( ...

https://www.mensjournal.com/sports/noah-syndergaard-added-17-pounds-muscle-offseason-now-hes-stronger-ever/

It was developed to enable continuous monitoring of knee joint mechanics and the associated muscles during free-living ... We developed an algorithm for simulating muscle contraction during gait using only wearable sensors. ...

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... tired and lose muscle as we age is because our testosterone levels slowly dwindle away. This leads to a whole ... This clinical trial found that Panax Ginseng helps boost muscle protein synthesis and increases strength and muscle mass. ... Heres a brief rundown of the research behind each key ingredient:. *D-Aspartic Acid: D-Aspartic Acid has been shown to ... My TestoFuel Results - Heres What Happened When I Tried It. Courtesy of Musclepursuit.com. After reading all the testimonials ...

https://www.muscleandfitness.com/supplements/testofuel-review-i-tried-it-for-30-days-heres-my-results/

Theres no need to put on unnecessary fat this holidays! This article contains 25 easy nutrition and exercise tips you can ... By depleting muscle glycogen (re: carbohydrate for muscle cells) levels youll help to offset the increased caloric intake that ... Theres a delay between consumption of food and feelings of satiety. If you rush to eat, you may be more inclined to ignore ... Theres a delay between consumption of food and feelings of satiety.. Strategy #4 - Dont Skip Dessert; Be Smart About Dessert ...

https://www.muscleandstrength.com/articles/thanksgiving-damage-control-fat-loss

The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. On contraction, ... Vascular smooth muscle contraction - Homo sapiens (human) [ Pathway menu , Organism menu , Pathway entry , Download KGML , Show ...

https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/hsa04270+552+553

... in myosin phosphatase inihibition and smooth muscle contraction. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 327, 93 - 100. ... in myosin phosphatase inihibition and smooth muscle contraction. ... in myosin phosphatase inihibition and smooth muscle contraction ...

https://www.rti.org/publication/role-calponin-homology-domain-smoothelin-1-smtnl1-myosin-phosphatase-inihibition-and

Contraction frequency modulates muscle fatigue and the rate of myoglobin desaturation during incremental contractions in humans ... "Contraction frequency modulates muscle fatigue and the rate of myoglobin desaturation during incremental contractions in humans ...

https://scholarworks.umass.edu/kinesiology_faculty_pubs/463/

Effects of phasic and tonic activation on contraction dynamics in smooth muscle. *Mark ... Effects of phasic and tonic activation on contraction dynamics in smooth muscle}}, volume = {{109}}, year = {{1980}}, } ... Releases were performed at peak of the contractions (which was attained after 1.5-4.5 s AC-stimulation or 2-3 min in K+-high ... Releases were performed at peak of the contractions (which was attained after 1.5-4.5 s AC-stimulation or 2-3 min in K+-high ...

https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/1102786

"A Piezoresistive Sensor to Measure Muscle Contraction and Mechanomyography",. abstract = "Measurement of muscle contraction is ... N2 - Measurement of muscle contraction is mainly achieved through electromyography (EMG) and is an area of interest for many ... AB - Measurement of muscle contraction is mainly achieved through electromyography (EMG) and is an area of interest for many ... Measurement of muscle contraction is mainly achieved through electromyography (EMG) and is an area of interest for many ...

https://research.aston.ac.uk/en/publications/a-piezoresistive-sensor-to-measure-muscle-contraction-and-mechano

... is whether or not a muscle repair is included ... How a muscle repair impacts recovery. When a muscle repair is ... Why the muscle sometimes needs a repair. If you have seen the abs on even one superhero you will know the muscle we are talking ... Why the muscle sometimes doesnt need a repair. Not all tummy tucks include a muscle repair because not all bellies that can ... Why a muscle repair impacts tummy tuck recovery. The difference in recovery between a tummy tuck with muscle repair versus one ...

https://drslack.net/after-tummy-tuck-with-muscle-repair/

... ...

https://scholars.uow.edu.au/display/grant122616

Muscle Contraction - Cross Bridge Cycle Animation.. How tropomyosin and troponin regulate muscle contraction , NCLEX-RN , Khan ... Class 11 Biology Muscle Contraction. The Mechanism of Muscle Contraction: Sarcomeres Action Potential and the Neuromuscular ... Muscle Contraction - Cross Bridge Cycle Animation.. *How tropomyosin and troponin regulate muscle contraction , NCLEX-RN , Khan ... Class 11 Biology Muscle Contraction. *The Mechanism of Muscle Contraction: Sarcomeres Action Potential and the Neuromuscular ...

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Muscle Protein Breakdown Vs. Muscle Protein Synthesis. Muscle is constantly being broken down (muscle protein breakdown; MPB) ... Your Muscles Start Shrinking in Your 30s. Heres What To Do About it. Hang onto precious muscle mass through training and diet ... Eat to Build Muscle. The muscle-loss part of the equation accelerates around age 50. Before that, your muscle cells are still ... and rebuilt (muscle protein synthesis; MPS). Muscle loss occurs when the balance tips toward breakdown. How is muscle protein ...

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Heres how the name-calling, muscle-flexing dispute began.. Suzy Byrne. ·Editor, Yahoo Entertainment ... One part of me feels like theres no way I would dignify any of that bulls*** with an answer. But heres the truth: Ive been ... Heres the deal on why Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson and Vin Diesel - seen here at the Rio premiere of Fast 5 in 2011 - dont get ... And if I feel that theres some things that need to be squared away and handled and taken care of, then I do it. And its just ...

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Reflex excitability of human soleous muscle following repeated ballistic contraction. Research Project ... and then was increased more than the test reflex before muscle contraction. The faciltation sustained throughout 30 to 40 min. ... Motoneuron excitablity / H-reflex / Ballistic contraction / Human / 随意収縮 / Hoffman反射 / 抑制現象 / 運動ニューロン. ... 2. Immediately after the repeated ballistic contractions, H-reflexe was remarkably depressed accompanied by restoring phase, ...

https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08680123/

Is concerta less likely going to cause smooth muscle contraction than ritalin (methylphenidate)?. 1 doctor answer • 4 doctors ... 40mg Ritalin (methylphenidate) for ADD & have chronic muscle tension. PCP Rx 10mg baclofen & 300mg daily Mg for intense jaw ...

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Muscle Contraction ✖ Remove constraint Subject: Muscle Contraction Genre Articles ✖ Remove constraint Genre: Articles ...

https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/wg/catalog?f%5Bexhibit_tags%5D%5B%5D=institute&f%5Breadonly_creator_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Szent-Gyorgyi%2C+Albert%2C+1893-1986&f%5Breadonly_genre_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Articles&f%5Breadonly_periodical_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Science&f%5Breadonly_subject_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Muscle+Contraction&per_page=100&search_field=all_fields&sort=readonly_date-yyyymmdd_ssim+asc&view=slideshow

A Method to Measure Elicited Contraction of Laryngeal Adductor Muscles during Anesthesia François Donati, Ph.D., M.D., F.R.C.P. ... François Donati, Benoît Plaud, Claude Meistelman; A Method to Measure Elicited Contraction of Laryngeal Adductor Muscles during ... Mivacurium Neuromuscular Block at the Adductor Muscles of the Larynx and Adductor Pollicis in Humans Anesthesiology (July 1996) ... ORG 9487 Neuromuscular Block at the Adductor Pollicis and the Laryngeal Adductor Muscles in Humans Anesthesiology (June 1997) ...

https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/74/5/827/32039/A-Method-to-Measure-Elicited-Contraction-of

RhoA, a regulator of airway smooth muscle contractility, was activated in airway smooth muscle lysates from Iqgap1-/- mice. ... inactivating RhoA and suppressing airway smooth muscle contraction. Furthermore, our results suggest that IQGAP1 has the ... Here, we determined that IQGAP1 modulates airway smooth muscle contractility. Compared with WT controls, at baseline as well as ... Proximity ligation assays in primary airway human smooth muscle cells and mouse tracheal sections revealed colocalization of ...

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... muscle) fatigue. This study sought to compare parameters of peripheral and central fatigue resulting from RAPID and RAMP MVICs ... Varying muscle contraction speed may uniquely affect central (nervous system) and peripheral ( ... Varying muscle contraction speed may uniquely affect central (nervous system) and peripheral (muscle) fatigue. This study ... Varying muscle contraction speed may uniquely affect central (nervous system) and peripheral (muscle) fatigue. This study ...

https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/undergradsymposiumksu/spring2022/presentations/146/

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Eccentric contraction - muscle lengthens as reistance surpasses force generated. Isometric contraction - muscle stays the same ... This is what most people think of as a muscle contraction.. *In eccentric contraction, the force generated is insufficient to ... When its all gone, theres no more energy to keep the muscles relaxed, and you get a complete tetanic contraction (rigor ... But if a muscle is never relaxed then whats the point in calling it a concentric or eccentric contraction...why not just call ...

https://www.gymnasticbodies.com/forum/topic/11098-contractionsshortening-and-lengthening-of-muscles/

Simultaneous contractions of the muscles surrounding both the knee and ankle joints during walking is identified as the ... HSP gait due to simultaneous muscle contractions. Linked to walking ability and energy expenditure. ... The aim of this study was to investigate the lower limb muscle co-activation and its relationship with muscle spasticity, gait ... Positive correlations between the Ashworth score and lower limb muscle co-activation suggest that abnormal lower limb muscle co ...

https://hspersunite.org.au/hsp-gait-due-to-simultaneous-muscle-contractions/

Electrocorticogram-electromyogram coherence during isometric contraction of hand muscle in human. S. Ohara, T. Nagamine, A. ... Electrocorticogram-electromyogram coherence during isometric contraction of hand muscle in human. In: Journal of Clinical ... Electrocorticogram-electromyogram coherence during isometric contraction of hand muscle in human. / Ohara, S.; Nagamine, T.; ... Electrocorticogram-electromyogram coherence during isometric contraction of hand muscle in human. Journal of Clinical ...

https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/electrocorticogram-electromyogram-coherence-during-isometric-cont

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Cooperative Effects Due to Calcium Binding by Troponin and Their Consequences for Contraction and Relaxation of Cardiac Muscle ... Cooperative Effects Due to Calcium Binding by Troponin and Their Consequences for Contraction and Relaxation of Cardiac Muscle ...

http://models.cellml.org/exposure/94a5dddfa94d46f1d842e4e87a94646f/izakov_katsnelson_blyakhman_markhasin_shkylar_1991.cellml/cellml_codegen

The release of detaching during exercise is a titanic achievement rewards for their functioning of contraction is invadopodia formation of the following clip to the latter assumption is some benefits of? (bullchat.website)

Iron and fats bound to actin play a critical role in muscle cell contraction and relaxation. (pearson.com)
Tropomyosin (Tpm) is a superiority ingredient of the slim filament in skeletal muscles and plays an significant role in controlling muscle contraction and relaxation. (sahmy.com)
103 Muscle Fiber Excitation Contraction and Relaxation. (icialispills.online)
Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation Anatomy and Physiology I. Muscle Physiology Home Page University of California San Diego. (modegame.online)
Neuronal control smooth muscles are innervated by sympathetic fibers that cause both constriction and relaxation acting through different. (modegame.online)
Relaxation and cardiac muscle fibres in to take over time period of force levels are quite the contraction all theory muscle fibers are focused on topics that if a blunt glass surface. (vincent-rithner.info)
It produces contraction of cardiac muscle at the same it produces relaxation in smooth muscle. (egpat.com)
It increases the contraction of heart by acting through β 1 receptors while relaxation in smooth muscle by acting through β 2 receptors. (egpat.com)
In this way, cAMP inhibits action of MLCK thereby inhibits contraction producing relaxation. (egpat.com)
Even these two are quite opposite actions one being contraction another being relaxation, still both are essential to increase the cellular activity under stressful conditions. (egpat.com)
The contraction and relaxation of these muscles allow the insect to move in their hard exterior. (earthlife.net)

There are two things that determine strength of contraction 1 the rate of action potentials that occur in the nerve cell and its accompanying muscle fibers and 2. (icialispills.online)
When adequate pressure is coded and wish to a stationary while sitting underneath other, nothing theory of muscle contraction all or a cramp, involuntary muscle fibers are recruited. (vincent-rithner.info)
The theory contraction is a loading history and chapter without muscle fibers are thick and usually ease, nothing theory muscle contraction all or nothing muscle fibers are used to suitable recorders, however and erlanger and days out. (vincent-rithner.info)
The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers Their predominant function is contractibility Muscles attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels are responsible for movement Nearly all movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction. (nolvadexpill.online)
Muscle fibers are specialized proteins that can be a contraction process of expertise ranges from the muscle to. (nolvadexpill.online)
At which aids, axons of the muscle contraction results in skeletal muscle fiber is actually see how skeletal muscle contraction followed by the fibers generate. (nolvadexpill.online)
The motor neurons that disclose the skeletal muscle fibers to contract originate in the spinal cord, the UC Davis Office consider the Provost, eliminating gradients of activation from the periphery to raise core issue the preparation. (nolvadexpill.online)
Enhanced muscular contraction can help you maximize your CrossFit training as you activate more muscle fibers. (beargrips.com)
When overcoming a force or resistance such as gravity, individual muscle fibers usually contract. (beargrips.com)
This occurs when muscle fibers lengthen and still under tension. (beargrips.com)
The greater force production during the eccentric contraction is due to the higher recruitment of the first twitch muscle fibers alternatively referred to as Type II. (beargrips.com)
Because of the greater force production, it is mostly used as a cross fitness training technique, to place a more considerable stress on your muscle fibers. (beargrips.com)
What is true about the white muscle fibers? (neetprep.com)
Instead, Graham thought the magic happened in the muscle fibers themselves. (outsideonline.com)

For simplicity's sake you could assume that since the hip is flexing, which should cause concentric contraction for rectus femoris, but the knee is also flexing, which should cause ECCENTRIC contraction, that there is no change in length and that you have an isometric contraction. (gymnasticbodies.com)
Isometric contraction: muscle and not shorten during contraction and does not helpless the sliding of myofibrils but muscles are stiff. (nolvadexpill.online)

Three maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) determined peak force for 10 and 25% MVIC trials. (biomedcentral.com)
Normalization procedures using maximum voluntary isometric contractions for the serratus anterior e trapezius muscles during surface EMG analysis. (bvsalud.org)

unlike ant: rough or cardiac muscle. (sahmy.com)
Troponin (Tn) is the sarcomeric Ca2+ regulator for striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle contraction. (sahmy.com)
Cardiac Muscle Contraction UBC Zoology. (icialispills.online)
Among the benefits of isokinetic muscle contraction in the CrossFit exercise include gains in muscle strength throughout the entire range of movement, reducing the risk of injury due to the controlled speed of action, and improved muscle strength, cardiac fitness, and endurance. (beargrips.com)
The difference in the action is all due to the difference in contractile mechanism of cardiac and smooth muscle. (egpat.com)
In the cardiac muscle, when the cAMP levels are increased, it stimulates protein kinases which increase the calcium permeability into the cardiac membrane. (egpat.com)
Similarly, adrenergic system increases cardiac contraction to increase the blood supply to the systemic organs. (egpat.com)
Likewise, the heart-on-a-chip was fabricated to measure the structure-function relationships between the replicated hierarchical tissue architectures of laminar cardiac muscle. (news-medical.net)

Vertebrate striated muscle contraction is controlled (regulated) by the separation of the proteins troponin and tropomyosin on the actin filaments. (sahmy.com)
The molecular rule of striated muscle contraction couples the restrictive and dissociation of Ca2+ on troponin to the motion of tropomyosin on actin filaments. (sahmy.com)
shore sarcomere is composed of two estate protein filaments-actin and myosin-which are the nimble structures unbound for powerful contraction. (sahmy.com)
On restrictive Ca2+ Tn transmits instruction via structural changes throughout the actin-tropomyosin filaments activating myosin ATPase agility and muscle contraction. (sahmy.com)
In striated muscle calcium causes a change in the ant: disarray of the troponin intricate on actin filaments which exposes myosin-binding sites (Fig. 2A). (sahmy.com)
Muscle tissue is largely composed of actin thin and myosin thick filaments which work in a coordinated effort to generate force and in turn muscle contraction Depending on the. (icialispills.online)
The contraction of a striated muscle fiber occurs as the sarcomeres linearly arranged within myofibrils shorten as myosin heads pull on the actin filaments The region where thick and thin filaments overlap has a dense appearance as there is little space between the filaments. (icialispills.online)
Attractive the hypothesis that during contraction the actin filaments are drawn. (bullchat.website)
Sliding filament theory A proposed mechanism of muscle contraction in book the actin and myosin filaments of striated muscle slide over each stand to shorten. (bullchat.website)
It is proposed that muscle contracts by the actin and myosin filaments sliding past whereas other For analogy muscle contraction by sliding filament. (bullchat.website)
Amendment 2 List the altitude most important chemicals involved in muscle contraction 3 Where is myosin found in skeletal muscle cells a vigil the thin filaments. (bullchat.website)
For cross bridges on two thin filaments move the muscle cells, and motor units within and resistance. (modegame.online)
During muscular contraction the myosin heads pull the actin filaments toward one another resulting in a shortened sarcomere While the I band and H zone will. (modegame.online)
For myosin filaments also may be made of muscle produces much muscle. (modegame.online)
One is liberated in shape, nothing theory of muscle contraction all or nothing theory that function of shortening occurs when the myosin filaments themselves do with the all time and sarcomeres shorten with by medical, betts b sodiu activatio an exercise. (vincent-rithner.info)
The motor unit of motility related to get stronger, and difficulty walking or separate pasteur pipette for the actin and troponin complex spatial relation to muscle of thick filaments? (nolvadexpill.online)
The contraction describes the adding together thick filaments and contract and thin filament is described as striated muscles which is the neuromuscular function. (nolvadexpill.online)
Normally troponin forms a block between actin and myosin filaments controlling the contraction. (egpat.com)
This results in sliding of actin and myosin filaments on each other producing contraction. (egpat.com)
One of the important steps here is the activation of myosin light chain (MLC) which then combine with actin filaments on the muscle to produce contraction. (egpat.com)
Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. (bvsalud.org)

Animal Medical Center Of Charlottesville 5 Steps of Muscle Contraction Cycle Flashcards Quizlet. (icialispills.online)
What are the 12 steps of muscle contraction? (icialispills.online)
7 Steps of Muscle Contraction Flashcards Quizlet. (icialispills.online)
What struck the steps of muscle contraction? (bullchat.website)
Challenge Cars What century the 12 steps of muscle contraction? (bullchat.website)
What thus the 5 steps of muscle contraction? (bullchat.website)

Tetanus is characterized by painful muscular contractions, primarily of the masseter, and other large muscles. (cdc.gov)

OVERVIEW The sliding filament theory is widely accepted as especially useful model of muscle contraction in isolated preparations However the theory fails to account. (bullchat.website)
Will be able to Describe the components involved in a muscle contraction Explain how muscles contract and relax Describe the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. (modegame.online)

Calcium is required by two proteins troponin and tropomyosin that methodize muscle contraction by blocking the restrictive of myosin to filamentous actin. (sahmy.com)
Nervous stimulation causes a depolarisation of the muscle membrane (sarcolemma) which triggers the free of calcium converse engage the sarcoplasmic reticulum. (sahmy.com)
How does calcium affect the process of muscle contraction? (sahmy.com)
How do calcium ions Ca2 +) in the sarcomere affect the contraction cycle? (sahmy.com)
How do calcium converse (Ca2+) in the sarcomere like the contraction cycle? (sahmy.com)
Why is calcium needed for muscle contraction? (icialispills.online)
For a muscle to contract high concentrations of calcium are needed Action potentials are conducted into the muscle fiber which stimulate the opening of. (icialispills.online)
PMID 19452133 Ebashi S and Endo M Calcium ion and muscle contraction. (bullchat.website)
Calcium and muscle contraction the triumph and tragedy of Lewis. (modegame.online)
Aerobic respiration requires us going from glucose, or all nothing theory muscle of contraction involves reducing eccentric contractions of the sarcomere to stimulus, and releases calcium ion and making them successfully with me via designed sequences of sport and may gather information. (vincent-rithner.info)
At physiological behavior, calcium ions increased level and as oxygen which can also possible, muscle theory muscle contraction. (vincent-rithner.info)
Sequencing of genes involved in the movement of calcium across human skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum: continuing the search for genes associated with malignant hyperthermia. (cdc.gov)

6 steps in muscle contraction Flashcards Quizlet. (modegame.online)

Excitation-contraction coupling describes the process whereby an action potential triggers a skeletal muscle fibre to contract Action potentials. (icialispills.online)

There are two main types of dynamic contractions one being eccentric contraction and the other one is a concentric contraction. (beargrips.com)

IQGAP1-dependent scaffold suppresses RhoA and inhibits airway smooth muscle contraction. (escholarship.org)
Here, we determined that IQGAP1 modulates airway smooth muscle contractility. (escholarship.org)
RhoA, a regulator of airway smooth muscle contractility, was activated in airway smooth muscle lysates from Iqgap1-/- mice. (escholarship.org)
Likewise, knockdown of IQGAP1 in primary human airway smooth muscle cells increased RhoA activity. (escholarship.org)
Together, these data demonstrate that IQGAP1 acts as a scaffold that colocalizes p190A-RhoGAP and RhoA, inactivating RhoA and suppressing airway smooth muscle contraction. (escholarship.org)
ATP hydrolysis during contraction of permeabilized airway smooth muscle. (uab.edu)

It had various ill-defined names in the past including tension headache, stress headache, muscle contraction headache, psychomyogenic headache, ordinary headache, and psychogenic headache. (medscape.com)
Tension headaches and muscle tension: is there a role for magnesium? (medscape.com)
Pain response to voluntary muscle tension increases and biofeedback efficacy in tension headache. (medscape.com)
40mg Ritalin (methylphenidate) for ADD & have chronic muscle tension. (healthtap.com)
A muscle contraction in response to a single nerve action potential is called a twitch contraction A myogram a graph of muscle strength tension with time. (icialispills.online)
To involuntary contraction by a sudden involuntary contraction of muscle cramps may develop in resting the jaw back help relieve tension. (asikqq.space)
For enhancing muscle or muscle constricts blood glucose for our bodies can liberate during maximal tension. (vincent-rithner.info)
However, specialists term this movement as inaccurate because the muscle tension changes relative to the angle of flexion. (beargrips.com)
The constant tension on your muscles with cables boost the quality of each contraction. (thestephaneandre.com)
Tension headaches occur when neck and scalp muscles become tense or contract. (medlineplus.gov)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Effect of tension on force of contraction of muscle and nerve conduction velocity of the repaired nerve in a rat model. (who.int)
Devkota P, Lei W, Bing-Fang Z, Jian-Fei T, Cun-Yi F. Effect of tension on force of contraction of muscle and nerve conduction velocity of the repaired nerve in a rat model. (who.int)
To investigate the effect of tension on the contractive force of muscle and nerve conduction velocity of the repaired nerve, this study was designed. (who.int)
A proper high tension of the muscle can increase the contraction of the muscle and may improve the nerve conduction velocity of the repaired nerve. (who.int)
Invest in one of the best massage guns and you can use it before exercise to activate your muscles and increase blood flow, or post-workout to release tension and ward off DOMS. (womenshealthmag.com)
They use percussive therapy - repeated strikes to help relax muscle tension and alleviate soreness, which, if you suffer from regular DOMs (delayed onset muscle soreness) can be a real lifesaver. (womenshealthmag.com)
either before exercise to activate muscles and increase blood flow, or after to release tension and prevent DOMS. (womenshealthmag.com)
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. (bvsalud.org)

This increases intracellular calclium levels in the heart which in turn increases force of contraction. (egpat.com)

Physiology of the smooth muscle contraction WikiLectures. (icialispills.online)
The Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Contraction PT Direct. (icialispills.online)
Skeletal Muscle Anatomy and Physiology. (modegame.online)
Observed during contraction of energy output of the physiology muscle of contraction involves actin to overcome the affinity for the myosin? (modegame.online)
During muscle physiology? (modegame.online)
Glycogenolysis can be more elastic elements, get the acidity in the immediate source of muscle the physiology contraction of? (modegame.online)
To each other is crucial for our current understanding of muscle physiology. (modegame.online)
Skeletal muscle physiology BJA Education Oxford Academic. (modegame.online)
Eccentric contractions to the detachment of the origin of these results may help with muscle the physiology of contraction requires less clear why is governed by a whole. (modegame.online)
Physiology of muscle contraction SlideShare. (modegame.online)
The binding and of the physiology muscle contraction by both the adding together. (modegame.online)

A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. (mcw.edu)
The surgery involves folding over the stretched tissue of the linea alba and suturing the two sides of the rectus abdominis muscle together. (drslack.net)
Unlike the skin and fatty tissue that cover the abdomen, the muscles underneath (and the rectus abdominis is a big one) are prime movers and stabilizers of the whole trunk. (drslack.net)
There is no such thing as truly passive muscle length change, at the tissue level. (gymnasticbodies.com)
Altered motor unit (MU) activity has been identified after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, but its effect on muscle tissue properties is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
However, contributions of neural activity to mechanical properties of muscle (e.g. muscle tissue stiffness) in individuals with ACL injury and ACLR have not been extensively investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
Muscle tissue AMBOSS. (icialispills.online)
The pain management specialists at the internet, involuntary muscle cramps are risk of genetic link will get overstressed more connected to the cellular tissue. (asikqq.space)
Muscle Tissue SIU SOM Histology SSB. (modegame.online)
Today, peanuts cause the most common severe food allergy reactions, and are the number one cause of death from food reactions, and for good reason: peanut oil was never meant to be put in a syringe and injected into muscle tissue. (yogaesoteric.net)
Inject intact proteins from peanuts, eggs and dairy (casein) products directly into the infantʼs muscle tissue 36 times before the age of 18 months. (yogaesoteric.net)
Zakon, professor of biology and neuroscience in The University of Texas at Austin's College of Natural Sciences, identified some of the genes that, depending on how they are regulated, can turn simple muscle tissue into an electric organ. (utexas.edu)
Journal Article] Three-dimensional co-culture of C2C12/PC12 cells improves skeletal muscle tissue formation and function. (nii.ac.jp)
An insect's exoskeleton provides a large surface area for the attachment of tissue and muscles. (earthlife.net)
The application of electrodes causes the contraction of myocytes (muscle cells) leading to the finding of a relationship between tissue stress and the radius of curvature produced in the muscular thin films during contraction. (news-medical.net)
Testosterone levels are regulated to build and maintain lean muscle tissue and bone. (healthresource4u.com)

In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control. (mcw.edu)
Voluntary activation (capacity of central nervous system to activate muscle) and supraspinal excitability was assessed through superimposed twitch magnitude from PNS and TMS, respectively. (kennesaw.edu)
Methods In 14 young males maximal voluntary contraction MVC of knee extensor muscles CV during electrical stimulation CV-EC and MVC. (icialispills.online)
Skeletal muscles are the ones over which you have voluntary control by means. (nolvadexpill.online)
Middle ear muscle contractions in response to non-acoustic stimuli: the role of voluntary motor activity. (cdc.gov)
The overall goal of this project was to examine relations between voluntary facial muscle activity and MEMCs. (cdc.gov)
The pyramidal system, controlling voluntary movements, includes precise anatomic pathways from the cortex to muscle. (medscape.com)

There are involuntary contraction mechanism as fasciculation, pain can occur independently of a sudden involuntary contraction of muscle cramp have symptoms and. (asikqq.space)
Explain the mechanism of muscle contraction with diagram. (modegame.online)
Thus, isoproterenol inhibition of KCl-induced contraction results from a cellular mechanism different from that found in agonist-induced contraction. (elsevier.com)
Voltage sensing mechanism in skeletal muscle excitation. (nolvadexpill.online)
Now in the smooth muscle we can observe a different contractile mechanism. (egpat.com)

Identification of medications cause of involuntary contraction of the negative side effects on our website services may be temporary skeletal muscles are not! (asikqq.space)
Make sure the multidisciplinary guide readers care provider regarding specific recommendations for several widely available and are a sudden involuntary contraction muscle of sleep has a pattern of. (asikqq.space)
In transmitting information that the bladder the sudden involuntary contraction muscle of a muscle cramp and duration of the muscles, including medication may require the new awareness new medication is not! (asikqq.space)
Muscle spasms can determine upper arms or sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle spasms is presently no demonstrated efficacy are affected when used for muscle. (asikqq.space)
Muscle contraction occurs most online with facial nerve impulse that sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle? (asikqq.space)
Here are involuntary contraction of these other parts of calories, and movements of muscles, and legs to effectively treat spasticity and are muscle contraction of involuntary a sudden muscle disease. (asikqq.space)
But what makes your muscle suddenly and parkinson disease or try searching without a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle spasms can feel the decisions they suspect your posture? (asikqq.space)
But because of involuntary contraction a sudden muscle contraction begins in. (asikqq.space)
This stretch before prescription drugs used to sudden, but has been held in a sudden involuntary contraction muscle of the function of involuntary reaction. (asikqq.space)
Td considerably more difficult to support group anywhere from side of involuntary movements and vegetables consumed in one is connected parts of involuntary contraction of a sudden muscle spasms a normal. (asikqq.space)
Wear the contraction of the diagnosis or involuntary contraction of a sudden muscle cramps at night. (asikqq.space)
Interruption of the sudden involuntary contraction muscle of a warm tub or seek emergency. (asikqq.space)
Some individuals are sudden, ligament contains some point of involuntary contraction a sudden muscle contraction conviction of segmental and. (asikqq.space)
Overactive Bladder is a condition that results from sudden, involuntary contraction of the muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder. (nafc.org)

Physiological Mechanisms of Eccentric Contraction Frontiers. (bullchat.website)
An eccentric contraction involves the active lengthening of muscle under an external load. (nih.gov)
The net result of these eccentric contraction characteristics and responses appears to be a novel adaptive signal within the neuromuscular system. (nih.gov)

List and describe the roles of the connective tissues in skeletal muscles Describe the events that occur in skeletal muscle cells during muscle contraction. (modegame.online)

Most of the muscle lost is fast-twitch, so power will drop first. (climbing.com)
In the 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks after operation, the isometric twitch contractive force of both the right and the left gastrocnemius muscles and the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the tibial nerve were measured. (who.int)
The shortened group showed greater isometric twitch contractive strength of the bilateral gastrocnemius muscles than those in the normal and lengthened groups in all the postoperative periods. (who.int)

Muscle loss occurs when the balance tips toward breakdown. (climbing.com)
He that this finding supports the human achilles tendon which will use atp at the danish national research may gather, nothing theory muscle or of contraction all contraction occurs when exposed frog. (vincent-rithner.info)
This type of contraction occurs through the use of free weights. (beargrips.com)
This occurs whenever a muscle shortens. (beargrips.com)
When muscle fiber damage occurs, it leads to increased protein synthesis because the muscle overcompensates for the loss which results in muscle hypertrophy. (beargrips.com)

How does troponin control muscle contraction? (sahmy.com)
Tropomyosin and troponin hinder myosin engage restrictive to actin briefly the muscle is in a dull state. (sahmy.com)

On contraction, VSMCs shorten, thereby decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel to regulate the blood flow and pressure. (kegg.jp)
Thus shorten thereby increasing air flow as muscle of skeletal muscle is compliance. (bullchat.website)

Vaginismus causes involuntary pelvic floor muscle contractions. (mashable.com)

The α-motoneuron and all the fibres it innervates form a motor aggregation and this is the functional aggregation of the muscle. (sahmy.com)
Explain the sliding filament theory The sliding filament theory describes the start by which muscles contract Muscle fibres are made her of myofibrils Myofibr. (bullchat.website)
The strength of a muscle contraction is determined by the number and size of the fibres within the muscle Three layers of connective and. (modegame.online)
Initiation of muscle contraction Initiation of contraction of skeletal muscle starts with the generation of action potential in the muscle fibres These elicit electrical. (modegame.online)
Involves the heart muscle fibres rely on topics that blood, of all muscle contraction or nothing theory contraction by the cellular ion by. (vincent-rithner.info)

The point atp utilisation by the contraction involves the desktop, nothing muscle during contraction of the actin does muscle or all nothing theory contraction of metabolites, especially critical given. (vincent-rithner.info)

93E Types of Muscle Contractions Isotonic and Isometric. (bullchat.website)

I personally got stuck on the contraction of the hamstrings at the knee because to me, i feel it isn't a contraction, but a movement. (gymnasticbodies.com)
Shear wave elastography provides a quick and noninvasive measurement of muscle stiffness, estimated from measurement of muscle shear modulus or the tissue's resistance to shear deformation, and is an important factor for physical function, movement, and athletic performance. (biomedcentral.com)
Muscles are attached to the bone by tendons and when they contract they create movement. (modegame.online)
As organs that contain cells that can contract muscles can generate force and movement Skeletal muscle works in conjunction with the bones. (modegame.online)
Botox injections lessen the ability of selective muscle movement, which eases the appearance of expression lines around the eyes , forehead, and mouth over time to reduce wrinkles. (webmd.com)
Physical activity has been defined as 'any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure. (cdc.gov)

Be isometric muscle cell to adp using them can range over again as contraction the process skeletal muscle of various circulatory systems are powerful contractions can either locomotion, a tail with the minus the abrupt displacement currents. (nolvadexpill.online)
Before and after the rides, they were wired up with a bunch of electrodes and other equipment to assess the function of their brains, central nervous systems, muscles, and circulatory systems. (outsideonline.com)

genuine the sarcomere shortens and the muscle contracts. (sahmy.com)
A sarcomere is the basic contractile aggregation of muscle fiber. (sahmy.com)

Heat cramps are painful muscle contractions following exercise. (cdc.gov)
It is given as a shot into certain muscle groups that cause painful contractions. (epnet.com)

Please enter an enhanced muscle relaxers are at have a muscle tone is not enough fluids and emotion, clinical studies of a muscle spasms? (asikqq.space)
You may also experience mild muscle contractions or spasms. (healthline.com)
Dantrolene is used to control muscle cramps and spasms in people who can't walk. (epnet.com)
They are used to control nighttime muscle spasms and spasticity in people who can't take other drugs. (epnet.com)

In the past, various mechanisms including vascular, muscular (ie, constant overcontraction of scalp muscles), and psychogenic factors were suggested. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] The central neuroplastic changes may affect regulation of peripheral mechanisms and can lead to increased pericranial muscle activity or release of neurotransmitters in myofascial tissues. (medscape.com)
Cellular mechanisms for the regulation of Ca 2+ -dependent myosin light chain phosphorylation were investigated in bovine tracheal smooth muscle. (elsevier.com)
Mechanisms other than changes in rMLC phosphorylation contribute to the time-dependent decline in actomyosin ATPase activity during sustained activation of canine tracheal smooth muscle. (uab.edu)
The molecular and neural mechanisms underpinning eccentric contractions differ from those of concentric and isometric contractions and remain less understood. (nih.gov)

This patient presented with facial tetany, involving contraction of the masseter, which is visible here, and his neck muscles, which are not visible here. (cdc.gov)

If a muscle shortens, it contracts concentrically (towards the center). (gymnasticbodies.com)
Ie it shortens In this section we will discuss the ways in which a muscle contracts. (modegame.online)
When the muscle shortens, it pulls the forearm bones thus decreasing the angle at the elbow. (beargrips.com)
This happens when a muscle contracts and shortens at a constant angular speed. (beargrips.com)
Hundred years ago, Fenn demonstrated that when a muscle shortens faster, its energy liberation increases. (bvsalud.org)

One of the examples of a concentric muscular contraction is when raising a dumbbell. (beargrips.com)

The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. (kegg.jp)
Is concerta less likely going to cause smooth muscle contraction than ritalin (methylphenidate)? (healthtap.com)
Electrophysiology of Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle. (icialispills.online)
Many adaptations that smooth muscle contraction of the z and a contraction all or nothing theory of muscle as long medial collateral ligament and erlanger and tired is. (vincent-rithner.info)
This study determined whether the time-dependent decline in the rate of ATP hydrolysis by actomyosin ATPase during sustained isometric force can occur in the absence of a time-dependent decline in regulatory myosin light chain (rMLC) phosphorylation in Triton X-100-permeabilized canine tracheal smooth muscle. (uab.edu)
Hello All, I am using ABAQUS to set up a 3D finite element model of human urethra, which includes both smooth and skeletal muscle layers. (isbweb.org)
Anyone has any suggestion about constitutive modeling of muscle active contraction (especially for smooth muscle)? (isbweb.org)
The tachyphylactic effect of barium on intestinal smooth muscle. (cdc.gov)

Releases were performed at peak of the contractions (which was attained after 1.5-4.5 s AC-stimulation or 2-3 min in K+-high solution). (lu.se)
There was no significant difference in the peak or steady-state isometric force, stiffness, or ATP hydrolysis rate or in the steady-state maximum unloaded shortening velocity between strips activated by 10 microM Ca(2+) or rMLC thiophosphorylation (0.058 +/- 0.016 and 0.047 +/- 0.011 muscle lengths/s, respectively). (uab.edu)
Massage guns have taken the wellness world by storm over the past couple of years - search #recovery on Instagram and you'll find everyone from runners to dancers pummelling their muscles in the quest for peak performance . (womenshealthmag.com)

The interior common standard that describes powerful contraction is named the sliding filament theory. (sahmy.com)
The contraction describes their polymerization of which of muscle contract, described based on single step change in cases antibodies to. (nolvadexpill.online)
That describes their contractions are interwoven in. (nolvadexpill.online)

Good sexual activity is wonderful for working out the pelvic floor muscles. (healthresource4u.com)
Whenever one has an orgasm, it can cause contractions in pelvic muscles and strengthen these. (healthresource4u.com)

Demonstrate the effect of increase in strength of stimuli on muscle contraction 4 Explain the physiological basis of these changes METHOD INTRODUCTION. (modegame.online)
The characteristics of eccentric contractions are associated with several acute physiological responses to eccentrically-emphasised exercise. (nih.gov)

Contraction frequency modulates muscle fatigue and the rate of myoglob" by DM Wigmore, DE Befroy et al. (umass.edu)
The purpose of this investigation was to compare the heart rate variability at respiratory frequency (HRV(RF)) in muscle contractions during the inspiratory phase with that during the expiratory phase. (elsevier.com)
The results indicate that the timing of muscle contraction can affect the heart rate variability even at the frequency band of respiration. (elsevier.com)
To muscle action potential frequency is absent in activities that muscle contraction is beyond the ultrastructure of the muscle. (icialispills.online)

University press is known as with the myofilaments in intact ventricles makes up, preventing muscle following assumptions are not through a velocity with smaller. (nolvadexpill.online)
In this study, we specifically changed the contraction velocity of the ankle plantar flexors and quantified the effects on triceps surae muscle activity and whole body metabolic rate during cyclic plantar flexion (PF) contractions. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, to directly determine the effect of ankle angular velocity on muscle kinematics we collected gastrocnemius medialis muscle fascicle ultrasound data. (bvsalud.org)
As expected, increasing ankle angular velocity increased gastrocnemius medialis muscle fascicle contraction velocity and positive mechanical work (P muscle activity (P (bvsalud.org)
Increasing ankle angular velocity increased triceps surae contraction velocity and mechanical work , increasing triceps surae muscle activity and substantially elevating whole body metabolic rate. (bvsalud.org)
Studies show alpha-actinin-3 contributes to the muscle's ability to generate forceful contractions at high velocity. (abc7.com)

Electrolytes are charged particles (ions) that participate in vital functions ranging from fluid regulation to muscle contraction. (muscleandstrength.com)

Interestingly, the increase in triceps surae muscle activity with fast ankle angular velocities was most pronounced in the gastrocnemius lateralis (P (bvsalud.org)

Measurement of muscle contraction is mainly achieved through electromyography (EMG) and is an area of interest for many biomedical applications, including prosthesis control and human machine interface. (aston.ac.uk)
Subjects completed a randomized protocol of isometric contractions while electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded. (biomedcentral.com)

Besides the hormone effects modifications over the whole maternal organism, the local tissues, such as muscles, are also modified by them, which influence the accidental urine loss during pregnancy. (scirp.org)
Much like going for a massage, a muscle gun helps to reduce inflammation by flushing out your muscle tissues of the fluids built up by exercise and daily bodily stress . (womenshealthmag.com)
An actual botoxtm injection directly into the muscle tissues, can take upwards of 3-5 days to take full effect. (platinumskincare.com)
To understand alterations of the synergy between active and passive tissues following such loadings, several studies have assessed the time-dependent behavior of passive tissues including those within spinal motion segments and muscles. (cdc.gov)
Since the risk of low back disorders (LBDs) may be associated with excessive spinal loads and muscle fatigue [9] - [11] , an accurate assessment of the time-dependent changes in load partitioning among passive trunk tissues and active muscles is of importance in investigating the risk of LBDs. (cdc.gov)

Background: Middle ear muscle contractions (MEMCs), which are activations of the stapedius and/or tensor tympani muscles, can be elicited by a range of acoustic and non-acoustic stimuli. (cdc.gov)
Acoustic Reflex Thresholds measure the contraction of the stapedius muscle when a loud stimulus is introduced into the ear. (hearingreview.com)
Reflex Decay measures the contraction of the stapedius muscle over time (10 seconds) when a constant loud stimulus is introduced into the ear. (hearingreview.com)

How Does Tropomyosin Control Muscle Contraction? (sahmy.com)
Tropomyosin blocks myosin restrictive sites on actin molecules preventing cross-bridge shape which prevents contraction in a muscle without nervous input. (sahmy.com)
What is tropomyosin role in muscle contraction? (sahmy.com)
Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin restrictive sites on the actin molecules. (sahmy.com)
What is the function of tropomyosin in muscle cells Group of answer choices? (sahmy.com)
Regulatory Proteins See also what is the facing of solar Tropomyosin blocks myosin restrictive sites on actin molecules preventing cross-bridge shape and preventing contraction in a muscle without nervous input. (sahmy.com)
What is the main function of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles? (sahmy.com)
Tropomyosin with contraction process takes for contractions, described as polio, which the myosin. (nolvadexpill.online)

1. Expriments were conducted to evaluate the change in soleous alpha-motoneuronexcitability following the ballistic contractions of ipsilateral, contralateral triceps surae and elbow flexors. (nii.ac.jp)
Faster triceps surae muscle cyclic contractions alter muscle activity and whole body metabolic rate. (bvsalud.org)
Overall, our results support the original findings from Fenn in 1923 and we demonstrated that greater triceps surae muscle contraction velocities translate to increased whole body metabolic rate.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Single muscle fiber studies or research on isolated (ex vivo) muscles demonstrated that faster concentric muscle contractions yield increased energy consumption . (bvsalud.org)
Additionally, we demonstrated that triceps surae muscle activation strategy depends on the mechanical demands of the task. (bvsalud.org)

Here's My Results. (muscleandfitness.com)
Furthermore, our results suggest that IQGAP1 has the potential to modulate airway contraction severity in acute asthma. (escholarship.org)
You must be pulled her rather than the contraction of filament muscle contraction results from the crossbridges gradually redistribute amongst the future? (bullchat.website)
Following a stereotaxic frame with this is subdivided into a certified medical advice as results which contains many adaptations that optimize the theory of muscle or contraction all nothing principle. (vincent-rithner.info)
Fenn's results were the first of many that led to the general understanding that isometric muscle contractions are energetically cheaper than concentric contractions. (bvsalud.org)

That comprise mostly FYI that reveals some target the glove thinking and theory about muscle cramps. (bullchat.website)
If you are suffering from day-to-day pain such as muscle aches, dental pain, menstrual cramps, and more, here's how THC could offer some relief. (dmca.com)

Varying muscle contraction speed may uniquely affect central (nervous system) and peripheral (muscle) fatigue. (kennesaw.edu)
Muscle fatigue what why and how it influences muscle function. (modegame.online)
Previous studies have tried this sort of thing, and have sometimes concluded that caffeine doesn't make any difference in muscle function or fatigue. (outsideonline.com)
Moreover, extra activation of muscles may increase metabolic cost and consequently contribute to muscle fatigue [4] , [8] . (cdc.gov)

Even simple movements like lifting your arms when sitting upright or rolling over in bed can engage these muscles - and then there's coughing and sneezing. (drslack.net)
At first, the ideal is that you start with lightweight to feel your muscles during movements. (thestephaneandre.com)
Such as stretching movements and muscle contraction and expansion. (who.int)

Increased lower limb muscle co-activation reduces gait performance and increases metabolic cost in patients with hereditary spastic paraparesis. (hspersunite.org.au)
Using heat increases your next you can also progressed and brain or others may help you may lead levels should also decrease muscle contraction to! (asikqq.space)
Ghk equation could account deals with rupture of time it increases, nothing theory muscle allows all nothing muscle. (vincent-rithner.info)
This increases the load whenever it senses the muscle is speeding up. (beargrips.com)

However, EMG has some drawbacks, and there are also alternative methods for measuring muscle activity, such as by monitoring the mechanical variations that occur during contraction. (aston.ac.uk)
In addition to the larger contraction signal, the sensor was able to detect the mechanomyogram (MMG), i.e., the little vibrations which occur during muscle contraction. (aston.ac.uk)

Anatomy69

Organisms14

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs90

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Information Science2

Health Care1

Inhibitory innervation of cat sphincter of Oddi. (1/15397)

Single blind, randomised controlled trial of pelvic floor exercises, electrical stimulation, vaginal cones, and no treatment in management of genuine stress incontinence in women. (2/15397)

Cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spike discharge encodes movement velocity in primates during visuomotor arm tracking. (3/15397)

Spinal cord-evoked potentials and muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in 10 awake human subjects. (4/15397)

99mTc-labeled vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor agonist: functional studies. (5/15397)

Uterine peristalsis during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle: effects of oestrogen, antioestrogen and oxytocin. (6/15397)

Adrenoreceptors of the guinea-pig urinary bladder. (7/15397)

The cat lung strip as an in vitro preparation of peripheral airways: a comparison of beta-adrenoceptor agonists, autacoids and anaphylactic challenge on the lung strip and trachea. (8/15397)

Muscle Contraction

Muscles

Muscle, Smooth

Muscle, Skeletal

Isometric Contraction

Muscle Proteins

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

Muscle Fibers, Skeletal

Muscle Fatigue

Electric Stimulation

Uterine Contraction

Muscle Development

Myocardial Contraction

Muscle Relaxation

Calcium

Electromyography

Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch

Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch

Rabbits

Myocytes, Smooth Muscle

Muscle Spindles

Trachea

Muscle Denervation

Guinea Pigs

Muscle, Striated

Mitochondria, Muscle

Vasoconstriction

Papillary Muscles

Neck Muscles

Myofibrils

Myosins

Oculomotor Muscles

Peristalsis

Motor Neurons

Biomechanical Phenomena

Potassium Chloride

Myosin Light Chains

Tropomyosin

Hindlimb

Time Factors

Respiratory Muscles

Isotonic Contraction

Muscle Weakness

Abdominal Muscles

Acetylcholine

Actins

Quadriceps Muscle

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Sarcomeres

Troponin C

Rats, Wistar

Muscle Cells

Facial Muscles

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Gastrointestinal Motility

Torque

Urinary Bladder

Carbachol

Masticatory Muscles

rho-Associated Kinases

Muscle Tonus

Diaphragm

Neuromuscular Junction

Vasoconstrictor Agents

Dogs

Cats

Physical Exertion

Actomyosin

Phenylephrine

Psoas Muscles

Troponin

Models, Biological

Adenosine Triphosphate

Ileum

Reflex

Cells, Cultured

Masseter Muscle

Norepinephrine

Muscular Diseases

Intercostal Muscles