Mumps virus
Mumps
Mumps Vaccine
Measles virus
Meningitis, Aseptic
Vero Cells
Rubulavirus
Virus Replication
Paramyxoviridae
HN Protein
Vaccinia virus
Cercopithecus aethiops
Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human
Receptors, Virus
Virus Shedding
Neutralization Tests
Simian virus 40
Virus Assembly
Respirovirus
Defective Viruses
Viral Fusion Proteins
Sindbis Virus
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
Meningitis, Viral
Application of distance geometry to 3D visualization of sequence relationships. (1/285)
SUMMARY: We describe the application of distance geometry methods to the three-dimensional visualization of sequence relationships, with examples for mumps virus SH gene cDNA and prion protein sequences. Sequence-sequence distance measures may be obtained from either a multiple sequence alignment or from sets of pairwise alignments. AVAILABILITY: C/Perl code and HTML/VRML files from http://www.nibsc.ac.uk/dg3dseq/ (+info)Failure of measles virus to activate nuclear factor-kappa B in neuronal cells: implications on the immune response to viral infections in the central nervous system. (2/285)
Neurons are postmitotic cells that foster virus persistence. These cells lack the HLA class I molecules required for clearance of infected cells. Previously, we showed that HLA class I is induced by measles virus (MV) on glial cells, which is primarily mediated by IFN-beta. In contrast, MV was unable to induce HLA class I or IFN-beta in neuronal cells. This failure was associated with lack of NF-kappa B binding to the positive regulatory domain II element of the IFN-beta promoter, which is essential for virus-induced IFN-beta gene activity. In this study, we demonstrate that the failure to activate NF-kappa B in neuronal cells is due to the inability of MV to induce phosphorylation and degradation of I kappa B, the inhibitor of NF-kappa B. In contrast, TNF-alpha induced degradation of I kappa B alpha in the neuronal cells, suggesting that failure to induce I kappa B alpha degradation is likely due to a defect in virus-mediated signaling rather than to a defect involving neuronal I kappa B alpha. Like MV, mumps virus and dsRNA failed to induce I kappa B alpha degradation in the neuronal cells, suggesting that this defect may be specific to viruses. Autophosphorylation of the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, a kinase possibly involved in virus-mediated I kappa B alpha phosphorylation, was intact in both cell types. The failure of virus to induce I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and consequently to activate NF-kappa B in neuronal cells could explain the repression of IFN-beta and class I gene expression in virus-infected cells. These findings provide a potential mechanism for the ability of virus to persist in neurons and to escape immune surveillance. (+info)The mumps virus neurovirulence safety test in Rhesus monkeys: a comparison of mumps virus strains. (3/285)
Wild type mumps viruses are highly neurotropic and a frequent cause of aseptic meningitis in unvaccinated humans. To test whether attenuated mumps viruses used in the manufacture of mumps vaccines have neurovirulent properties, a monkey neurovirulence safety test (MNVT) is performed. However, results with several mumps virus MNVTs have raised questions as to whether the test can reliably discriminate neurovirulent from nonneurovirulent mumps virus strains. Here, various mumps virus strains representing a wide range of neuropathogenicity were tested in a standardized MNVT. A trend of higher neurovirulence scores was observed in monkeys inoculated with wild type mumps virus versus vaccine strains, although differences were not statistically significant. Results indicated the need for further examination and refinement of the MNVT or for development of alternative MNVTs. (+info)Genetic heterogeneity of mumps virus in the United Kingdom: identification of two new genotypes. (4/285)
A reverse transcriptase nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to detect the small hydrophobic (SH) gene of mumps virus (MuV). Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the entire SH gene sequence (318 nucleotides) and the putative SH protein (57 amino acids). At least 4 MuV genotypes were identified in the United Kingdom between 1995 and 1998 by direct sequencing of 26 PCR amplicons from a variety of specimens. Comparison of these and GenBank sequences identified 2 new genotypes in the United Kingdom. The results suggest that, after the introduction of universal mumps vaccination in the United Kingdom in 1988, there appears to have been a switch from a predominant genotype to a heterogeneous group of strains. (+info)Kawasaki disease: a maturational defect in immune responsiveness. (5/285)
Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute febrile disease in children of unknown etiology, is characterized by a vasculitis that may result in coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). In new patients with KD, a selective and prolonged T cell unresponsiveness to activation via the T cell antigen receptor CD3 was observed, whereas proliferation to other stimuli was intact. This "split T cell anergy" delineated KD from other pediatric infections and autoimmune diseases and correlated with CAA formation (P<.001). A transient immune dysfunction was also suggested by an incomplete responsiveness to measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination in patients with KD versus controls (P<.0001; odds ratio, 15.6; 95% confidence interval, 4.8-51.1), which was overcome by revaccination(s). The reduced responsiveness to MMR in patients with KD suggests a subtle and predetermining immune dysfunction. An inherent immaturity to clear certain antigens may be an important cause that precipitates KD and the immune dysregulation during acute disease. (+info)Immune reconstitution in the first year of potent antiretroviral therapy and its relationship to virologic response. (6/285)
The effects of 1 year of zidovudine, lamivudine, and ritonavir treatment on immune reconstitution were evaluated in 34 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. After 48 weeks of therapy, 20 (59%) subjects had <100 copies HIV RNA/mL. CD4+ T cells increased from a median of 192/mm3 at baseline to 362/mm3 at week 48. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to Candida normalized within 12 weeks, but responses to HIV and tetanus remained depressed throughout therapy. Alloantigen responses increased within 12 weeks and then declined to baseline levels. Recovery of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses occurred after 12 weeks for Candida and after 48 weeks for mumps. The magnitude of virologic suppression was correlated with numeric increases in CD4+ T cells, but not with measures of functional immune reconstitution. Plasma virus suppression <100 copies/mL was not significantly correlated with increases in CD4+ T cells or functional immune reconstitution. (+info)Nested PCR for rapid detection of mumps virus in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurological diseases. (7/285)
In this study, we have developed a reverse transcription (RT)-nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) for the detection of mumps virus RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with neurological infections. A specific 112-bp fragment was amplified by this method with primers from the nucleoprotein of the mumps virus genome. The mumps virus RT-n-PCR was capable of detecting 0.001 PFU/ml and 0.005 50% tissue culture infective dose/ml. This method was found to be specific, since no PCR product was detected in each of the CSF samples from patients with proven non-mumps virus-related meningitis or encephalitis. Mumps virus RNA was detected in all 18 CSF samples confirmed by culture to be infected with mumps virus. Positive PCR results were obtained for the CSF of 26 of 28 patients that were positive for signs of mumps virus infection (i.e., cultivable virus from urine or oropharyngeal samples or positivity for anti-mumps virus immunoglobulin M) but without cultivable virus in their CSF. Overall, mumps virus RNA was detected in CSF of 96% of the patients with a clinical diagnosis of viral central nervous system (CNS) disease and confirmed mumps virus infection, while mumps virus was isolated in CSF of only 39% of the patients. Furthermore, in a retrospective study, we were able to detect mumps virus RNA in 25 of 55 (46%) CSF samples from patients with a clinical diagnosis of viral CNS disease and negative laboratory evidence of viral infection including mumps virus infection. The 25 patients represent 12% of the 236 patients who had a clinical diagnosis of viral CNS infections and whose CSF was examined at our laboratory for a 2-year period. The findings confirm the importance of mumps virus as a causative agent of CNS infections in countries with low vaccine coverage rates. In summary, our study demonstrates the usefulness of the mumps virus RT-n-PCR for the diagnosis of mumps virus CNS disease and suggests that this assay may soon become the "gold standard" test for the diagnosis of mumps virus CNS infection. (+info)Outbreak of aseptic meningitis associated with mass vaccination with a urabe-containing measles-mumps-rubella vaccine: implications for immunization programs. (8/285)
A mass immunization campaign with a Urabe-containing measles-mumps-rubella vaccine was carried out in 1997 in the city of Salvador, northeastern Brazil, with a target population of children aged 1-11 years. There was an outbreak of aseptic meningitis following the mass campaign. Cases of aseptic meningitis were ascertained through data collected from the records of children admitted to the local referral hospital for infectious diseases between March and October of 1997, using previously defined eligibility criteria. Vaccination histories were obtained through home visits or telephone calls. Eighty-seven cases fulfilled the study criteria. Of those, 58 cases were diagnosed after the vaccination campaign. An elevated risk of aseptic meningitis was observed 3 weeks after Brazil's national vaccination day compared with the risk in the prevaccination period (relative risk = 14.3; 95% confidence interval: 7.9, 25.7). This result was confirmed by a case series analysis (relative risk = 30.4; 95% confidence interval: 11.5, 80.8). The estimated risk of aseptic meningitis was 1 in 14,000 doses. This study confirms a link between measles-mumps-rubella vaccination and aseptic meningitis. The authors discuss the implications of this for the organization and planning of mass immunization campaigns. (+info)The Mumps virus is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and Rubulavirus genus. It is the causative agent of mumps, an acute infectious disease characterized by painful swelling of the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands.
The Mumps virus has a spherical or pleomorphic shape with a diameter of approximately 150-250 nanometers. It is surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane derived from the host cell, which contains viral glycoproteins that facilitate attachment and entry into host cells.
The M protein, located beneath the envelope, plays a crucial role in virus assembly and budding. The genome of the Mumps virus consists of eight genes encoding nine proteins, including two major structural proteins (nucleocapsid protein and matrix protein) and several non-structural proteins involved in viral replication and pathogenesis.
Transmission of the Mumps virus occurs through respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected saliva. After infection, the incubation period ranges from 12 to 25 days, followed by a prodromal phase characterized by fever, headache, malaise, and muscle pain. The characteristic swelling of the parotid glands usually appears 1-3 days after the onset of symptoms.
Complications of mumps can include meningitis, encephalitis, orchitis, oophoritis, pancreatitis, and deafness. Prevention relies on vaccination with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, which is highly effective in preventing mumps and its complications.
Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects the parotid salivary glands, causing them to swell and become painful. The medical definition of mumps is: "An acute infectious disease, caused by the mumps virus, characterized by painful enlargement of one or more of the salivary glands, especially the parotids."
The infection spreads easily through respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person's saliva. Symptoms typically appear 16-18 days after exposure and include fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, and swollen, tender salivary glands. Complications of mumps are rare but can be serious and include meningitis, encephalitis, deafness, and inflammation of the reproductive organs in males.
Prevention is through vaccination with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, which is part of routine childhood immunization schedules in many countries.
The Mumps Vaccine is a biological preparation intended to induce immunity against mumps, a contagious viral infection that primarily affects the salivary glands. The vaccine contains live attenuated (weakened) mumps virus, which stimulates the immune system to develop a protective response without causing the disease.
There are two types of mumps vaccines available:
1. The Jeryl Lynn strain is used in the United States and is part of the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine and the Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella (MMRV) vaccine. This strain is derived from a clinical isolate obtained from the throat washings of a child with mumps in 1963.
2. The Urabe AM9 strain was used in some countries but has been discontinued in many places due to an increased risk of meningitis as a rare complication.
The MMR vaccine is typically given to children at 12-15 months of age and again at 4-6 years of age, providing long-lasting immunity against mumps in most individuals. The vaccine has significantly reduced the incidence of mumps and its complications worldwide.
Parotitis is the medical term for inflammation of the parotid gland, which is one of the major salivary glands located in the face, near the ear. The condition can result from various causes, including bacterial or viral infections, autoimmune disorders, or obstruction of the salivary ducts.
Parotitis can cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, redness, and difficulty swallowing. In some cases, it may also lead to fever, chills, and general malaise. The diagnosis of parotitis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and sometimes imaging studies or laboratory tests to identify the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the specific cause but may include antibiotics, pain relievers, hydration, and measures to improve salivary flow.
The Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine is a combination immunization that protects against three infectious diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella. It contains live attenuated viruses of each disease, which stimulate an immune response in the body similar to that produced by natural infection but do not cause the diseases themselves.
The MMR vaccine is typically given in two doses, the first at 12-15 months of age and the second at 4-6 years of age. It is highly effective in preventing these diseases, with over 90% effectiveness reported after a single dose and near 100% effectiveness after the second dose.
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can cause fever, rash, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. It can also lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), and even death.
Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects the salivary glands, causing swelling and tenderness in the cheeks and jaw. It can also cause fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. Mumps can lead to serious complications such as deafness, meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), and inflammation of the testicles or ovaries.
Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral infection that typically causes a mild fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. However, if a pregnant woman becomes infected with rubella, it can cause serious birth defects such as hearing impairment, heart defects, and developmental delays in the fetus.
The MMR vaccine is an important tool in preventing these diseases and protecting public health.
RNA viruses are a type of virus that contain ribonucleic acid (RNA) as their genetic material, as opposed to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). RNA viruses replicate by using an enzyme called RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to transcribe and replicate their RNA genome.
There are several different groups of RNA viruses, including:
1. Negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses: These viruses have a genome that is complementary to the mRNA and must undergo transcription to produce mRNA before translation can occur. Examples include influenza virus, measles virus, and rabies virus.
2. Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses: These viruses have a genome that can serve as mRNA and can be directly translated into protein after entry into the host cell. Examples include poliovirus, rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses.
3. Double-stranded RNA viruses: These viruses have a genome consisting of double-stranded RNA and use a complex replication strategy involving both transcription and reverse transcription. Examples include rotaviruses and reoviruses.
RNA viruses are known to cause a wide range of human diseases, ranging from the common cold to more severe illnesses such as hepatitis C, polio, and COVID-19. Due to their high mutation rates and ability to adapt quickly to new environments, RNA viruses can be difficult to control and treat with antiviral drugs or vaccines.
Virus cultivation, also known as virus isolation or viral culture, is a laboratory method used to propagate and detect viruses by introducing them to host cells and allowing them to replicate. This process helps in identifying the specific virus causing an infection and studying its characteristics, such as morphology, growth pattern, and sensitivity to antiviral agents.
The steps involved in virus cultivation typically include:
1. Collection of a clinical sample (e.g., throat swab, blood, sputum) from the patient.
2. Preparation of the sample by centrifugation or filtration to remove cellular debris and other contaminants.
3. Inoculation of the prepared sample into susceptible host cells, which can be primary cell cultures, continuous cell lines, or embryonated eggs, depending on the type of virus.
4. Incubation of the inoculated cells under appropriate conditions to allow viral replication.
5. Observation for cytopathic effects (CPE), which are changes in the host cells caused by viral replication, such as cell rounding, shrinkage, or lysis.
6. Confirmation of viral presence through additional tests, like immunofluorescence assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or electron microscopy.
Virus cultivation is a valuable tool in diagnostic virology, vaccine development, and research on viral pathogenesis and host-virus interactions. However, it requires specialized equipment, trained personnel, and biosafety measures due to the potential infectivity of the viruses being cultured.
Measles virus is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. It is the causative agent of measles, a highly contagious infectious disease characterized by fever, cough, runny nose, and a red, blotchy rash. The virus primarily infects the respiratory tract and then spreads throughout the body via the bloodstream.
The genome of the measles virus is approximately 16 kilobases in length and encodes for eight proteins: nucleocapsid (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin (H), large protein (L), and two non-structural proteins, V and C. The H protein is responsible for binding to the host cell receptor CD150 (SLAM) and mediating viral entry, while the F protein facilitates fusion of the viral and host cell membranes.
Measles virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected individuals. The virus can remain airborne for up to two hours in a closed space, making it highly contagious. Measles is preventable through vaccination, which has led to significant reductions in the incidence of the disease worldwide.
Aseptic meningitis is a type of meningitis (inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord) that is not caused by bacterial infection. Instead, it can be due to viral infections, fungal infections, or non-infectious causes such as certain medications, chemical irritants, or underlying medical conditions. In aseptic meningitis, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis may show increased white blood cells, typically lymphocytes, but no bacterial growth on culture. Common viral causes include enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus, and varicella-zoster virus. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include supportive care, antiviral medications, or immunosuppressive therapy in some cases.
Vero cells are a line of cultured kidney epithelial cells that were isolated from an African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) in the 1960s. They are named after the location where they were initially developed, the Vervet Research Institute in Japan.
Vero cells have the ability to divide indefinitely under certain laboratory conditions and are often used in scientific research, including virology, as a host cell for viruses to replicate. This allows researchers to study the characteristics of various viruses, such as their growth patterns and interactions with host cells. Vero cells are also used in the production of some vaccines, including those for rabies, polio, and Japanese encephalitis.
It is important to note that while Vero cells have been widely used in research and vaccine production, they can still have variations between different cell lines due to factors like passage number or culture conditions. Therefore, it's essential to specify the exact source and condition of Vero cells when reporting experimental results.
Rubulavirus is a genus in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales. It includes several viruses that primarily cause respiratory infections in humans and animals. The most well-known rubulaviruses affecting humans are the human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) 2 and 4, which can cause croup and bronchitis, and mumps virus, which causes mumps. These viruses are typically spread through respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected individuals. They have enveloped, non-segmented, negative-sense RNA genomes.
Virus replication is the process by which a virus produces copies or reproduces itself inside a host cell. This involves several steps:
1. Attachment: The virus attaches to a specific receptor on the surface of the host cell.
2. Penetration: The viral genetic material enters the host cell, either by invagination of the cell membrane or endocytosis.
3. Uncoating: The viral genetic material is released from its protective coat (capsid) inside the host cell.
4. Replication: The viral genetic material uses the host cell's machinery to produce new viral components, such as proteins and nucleic acids.
5. Assembly: The newly synthesized viral components are assembled into new virus particles.
6. Release: The newly formed viruses are released from the host cell, often through lysis (breaking) of the cell membrane or by budding off the cell membrane.
The specific mechanisms and details of virus replication can vary depending on the type of virus. Some viruses, such as DNA viruses, use the host cell's DNA polymerase to replicate their genetic material, while others, such as RNA viruses, use their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase enzymes. Understanding the process of virus replication is important for developing antiviral therapies and vaccines.
Viral proteins are the proteins that are encoded by the viral genome and are essential for the viral life cycle. These proteins can be structural or non-structural and play various roles in the virus's replication, infection, and assembly process. Structural proteins make up the physical structure of the virus, including the capsid (the protein shell that surrounds the viral genome) and any envelope proteins (that may be present on enveloped viruses). Non-structural proteins are involved in the replication of the viral genome and modulation of the host cell environment to favor viral replication. Overall, a thorough understanding of viral proteins is crucial for developing antiviral therapies and vaccines.
Paramyxoviridae is a family of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that include several medically important pathogens. These viruses are characterized by their enveloped particles and helical symmetry. The paramyxoviruses can cause respiratory infections, neurological disorders, and other systemic diseases in humans, animals, and birds.
Some notable members of the Paramyxoviridae family include:
* Human respirovirus (also known as human parainfluenza virus): causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children and adults.
* Human orthopneumovirus (also known as respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV): a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children.
* Measles morbillivirus: causes measles, a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, rash, and cough.
* Mumps virus: causes mumps, an acute infectious disease that primarily affects the salivary glands.
* Hendra virus and Nipah virus: zoonotic paramyxoviruses that can cause severe respiratory and neurological disease in humans and animals.
Effective vaccines are available for some paramyxoviruses, such as measles and mumps, but there are currently no approved vaccines for others, such as RSV and Nipah virus. Antiviral therapies are also limited, with only a few options available for the treatment of severe paramyxovirus infections.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "HN protein" is not a widely recognized or established medical term. HN is an abbreviation commonly used in virology to refer to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein found on the surface of certain viruses, such as the paramyxoviridae family which includes viruses like parainfluenza and Hendra virus.
The HN protein plays a crucial role in the virus's ability to infect host cells. It helps the virus attach to and enter the host cell, and also assists in the release of new virus particles from infected cells. However, without more specific context, it's difficult to provide a more precise definition of "HN protein." If you have more details about the context in which this term was used, I'd be happy to try to provide a more specific answer.
Vaccinia virus is a large, complex DNA virus that belongs to the Poxviridae family. It is the virus used in the production of the smallpox vaccine. The vaccinia virus is not identical to the variola virus, which causes smallpox, but it is closely related and provides cross-protection against smallpox infection.
The vaccinia virus has a unique replication cycle that occurs entirely in the cytoplasm of infected cells, rather than in the nucleus like many other DNA viruses. This allows the virus to evade host cell defenses and efficiently produce new virions. The virus causes the formation of pocks or lesions on the skin, which contain large numbers of virus particles that can be transmitted to others through close contact.
Vaccinia virus has also been used as a vector for the delivery of genes encoding therapeutic proteins, vaccines against other infectious diseases, and cancer therapies. However, the use of vaccinia virus as a vector is limited by its potential to cause adverse reactions in some individuals, particularly those with weakened immune systems or certain skin conditions.
Antibodies, viral are proteins produced by the immune system in response to an infection with a virus. These antibodies are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens on the surface of the virus, which helps to neutralize or destroy the virus and prevent its replication. Once produced, these antibodies can provide immunity against future infections with the same virus.
Viral antibodies are typically composed of four polypeptide chains - two heavy chains and two light chains - that are held together by disulfide bonds. The binding site for the antigen is located at the tip of the Y-shaped structure, formed by the variable regions of the heavy and light chains.
There are five classes of antibodies in humans: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class has a different function and is distributed differently throughout the body. For example, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in the bloodstream and provides long-term immunity against viruses, while IgA is found primarily in mucous membranes and helps to protect against respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
In addition to their role in the immune response, viral antibodies can also be used as diagnostic tools to detect the presence of a specific virus in a patient's blood or other bodily fluids.
'Cercopithecus aethiops' is the scientific name for the monkey species more commonly known as the green monkey. It belongs to the family Cercopithecidae and is native to western Africa. The green monkey is omnivorous, with a diet that includes fruits, nuts, seeds, insects, and small vertebrates. They are known for their distinctive greenish-brown fur and long tail. Green monkeys are also important animal models in biomedical research due to their susceptibility to certain diseases, such as SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus), which is closely related to HIV.
Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human (HPIV-1) is a type of respiratory virus that belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and genus Respirovirus. It is one of the four serotypes of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), which are important causes of acute respiratory infections in children, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly.
HPIV-1 primarily infects the upper respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as cough, runny nose, sore throat, and fever. However, it can also cause lower respiratory tract infections, including bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, particularly in young children and infants.
HPIV-1 is transmitted through respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected individuals. The incubation period for HPIV-1 infection ranges from 2 to 7 days, after which symptoms can last for up to 10 days. There is no specific antiviral treatment available for HPIV-1 infections, and management typically involves supportive care such as hydration, fever reduction, and respiratory support if necessary.
Prevention measures include good hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and practicing cough etiquette. Vaccines are not currently available for HPIV-1 infections, but research is ongoing to develop effective vaccines against these viruses.
Virus receptors are specific molecules (commonly proteins) on the surface of host cells that viruses bind to in order to enter and infect those cells. This interaction between the virus and its receptor is a critical step in the infection process. Different types of viruses have different receptor requirements, and identifying these receptors can provide important insights into the biology of the virus and potential targets for antiviral therapies.
Viral diseases are illnesses caused by the infection and replication of viruses in host organisms. These infectious agents are obligate parasites, meaning they rely on the cells of other living organisms to survive and reproduce. Viruses can infect various types of hosts, including animals, plants, and microorganisms, causing a wide range of diseases with varying symptoms and severity.
Once a virus enters a host cell, it takes over the cell's machinery to produce new viral particles, often leading to cell damage or death. The immune system recognizes the viral components as foreign and mounts an immune response to eliminate the infection. This response can result in inflammation, fever, and other symptoms associated with viral diseases.
Examples of well-known viral diseases include:
1. Influenza (flu) - caused by influenza A, B, or C viruses
2. Common cold - usually caused by rhinoviruses or coronaviruses
3. HIV/AIDS - caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
4. Measles - caused by measles morbillivirus
5. Hepatitis B and C - caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), respectively
6. Herpes simplex - caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2)
7. Chickenpox and shingles - both caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
8. Rabies - caused by rabies lyssavirus
9. Ebola - caused by ebolaviruses
10. COVID-19 - caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Prevention and treatment strategies for viral diseases may include vaccination, antiviral medications, and supportive care to manage symptoms while the immune system fights off the infection.
A viral RNA (ribonucleic acid) is the genetic material found in certain types of viruses, as opposed to viruses that contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). These viruses are known as RNA viruses. The RNA can be single-stranded or double-stranded and can exist as several different forms, such as positive-sense, negative-sense, or ambisense RNA. Upon infecting a host cell, the viral RNA uses the host's cellular machinery to translate the genetic information into proteins, leading to the production of new virus particles and the continuation of the viral life cycle. Examples of human diseases caused by RNA viruses include influenza, COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), hepatitis C, and polio.
Virus shedding refers to the release of virus particles by an infected individual, who can then transmit the virus to others through various means such as respiratory droplets, fecal matter, or bodily fluids. This occurs when the virus replicates inside the host's cells and is released into the surrounding environment, where it can infect other individuals. The duration of virus shedding varies depending on the specific virus and the individual's immune response. It's important to note that some individuals may shed viruses even before they show symptoms, making infection control measures such as hand hygiene, mask-wearing, and social distancing crucial in preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
An antigen is any substance that can stimulate an immune response, particularly the production of antibodies. Viral antigens are antigens that are found on or produced by viruses. They can be proteins, glycoproteins, or carbohydrates present on the surface or inside the viral particle.
Viral antigens play a crucial role in the immune system's recognition and response to viral infections. When a virus infects a host cell, it may display its antigens on the surface of the infected cell. This allows the immune system to recognize and target the infected cells for destruction, thereby limiting the spread of the virus.
Viral antigens are also important targets for vaccines. Vaccines typically work by introducing a harmless form of a viral antigen to the body, which then stimulates the production of antibodies and memory T-cells that can recognize and respond quickly and effectively to future infections with the actual virus.
It's worth noting that different types of viruses have different antigens, and these antigens can vary between strains of the same virus. This is why there are often different vaccines available for different viral diseases, and why flu vaccines need to be updated every year to account for changes in the circulating influenza virus strains.
Neutralization tests are a type of laboratory assay used in microbiology and immunology to measure the ability of a substance, such as an antibody or antitoxin, to neutralize the activity of a toxin or infectious agent. In these tests, the substance to be tested is mixed with a known quantity of the toxin or infectious agent, and the mixture is then incubated under controlled conditions. After incubation, the mixture is tested for residual toxicity or infectivity using a variety of methods, such as cell culture assays, animal models, or biochemical assays.
The neutralization titer is then calculated based on the highest dilution of the test substance that completely neutralizes the toxin or infectious agent. Neutralization tests are commonly used in the diagnosis and evaluation of immune responses to vaccines, as well as in the detection and quantification of toxins and other harmful substances.
Examples of neutralization tests include the serum neutralization test for measles antibodies, the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for dengue virus antibodies, and the cytotoxicity neutralization assay for botulinum neurotoxins.
Simian Virus 40 (SV40) is a polyomavirus that is found in both monkeys and humans. It is a DNA virus that has been extensively studied in laboratory settings due to its ability to transform cells and cause tumors in animals. In fact, SV40 was discovered as a contaminant of poliovirus vaccines that were prepared using rhesus monkey kidney cells in the 1950s and 1960s.
SV40 is not typically associated with human disease, but there has been some concern that exposure to the virus through contaminated vaccines or other means could increase the risk of certain types of cancer, such as mesothelioma and brain tumors. However, most studies have failed to find a consistent link between SV40 infection and cancer in humans.
The medical community generally agrees that SV40 is not a significant public health threat, but researchers continue to study the virus to better understand its biology and potential impact on human health.
Virus assembly, also known as virion assembly, is the final stage in the virus life cycle where individual viral components come together to form a complete viral particle or virion. This process typically involves the self-assembly of viral capsid proteins around the viral genome (DNA or RNA) and, in enveloped viruses, the acquisition of a lipid bilayer membrane containing viral glycoproteins. The specific mechanisms and regulation of virus assembly vary among different viral families, but it is often directed by interactions between viral structural proteins and genomic nucleic acid.
A plant virus is not defined in medical terms, as viruses are typically considered within the context of living organisms and plants are not classified as such. However, I can provide a general virology definition for you:
Plant viruses are small infectious agents that consist of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat. They infect various plant species, causing a wide range of symptoms and diseases, which can result in significant economic losses in agriculture and horticulture. Plant viruses lack the ability to replicate outside a host cell, and they rely on the host's metabolic machinery for their reproduction. They can be transmitted through various means, such as insect vectors, seeds, or mechanical contact.
DNA viruses are a type of virus that contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) as their genetic material. These viruses replicate by using the host cell's machinery to synthesize new viral components, which are then assembled into new viruses and released from the host cell.
DNA viruses can be further classified based on the structure of their genomes and the way they replicate. For example, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses have a genome made up of two strands of DNA, while single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses have a genome made up of a single strand of DNA.
Examples of DNA viruses include herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, human papillomavirus, and adenoviruses. Some DNA viruses are associated with specific diseases, such as cancer (e.g., human papillomavirus) or neurological disorders (e.g., herpes simplex virus).
It's important to note that while DNA viruses contain DNA as their genetic material, RNA viruses contain RNA (ribonucleic acid) as their genetic material. Both DNA and RNA viruses can cause a wide range of diseases in humans, animals, and plants.
Respirovirus is not typically used as a formal medical term in modern taxonomy. However, historically, it was used to refer to a genus of viruses within the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales. This genus included several important human and animal pathogens that cause respiratory infections.
Human respiroviruses include:
1. Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) types 1, 2, and 3: These viruses are a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, such as croup, bronchitis, and pneumonia, particularly in young children.
2. Sendai virus (also known as murine respirovirus): This virus primarily infects rodents but can occasionally cause mild respiratory illness in humans, especially those who work closely with these animals.
The term "respirovirus" is not officially recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) anymore, and these viruses are now classified under different genera within the subfamily Pneumovirinae: Human parainfluenza viruses 1 and 3 belong to the genus Orthorubulavirus, while Human parainfluenza virus 2 is placed in the genus Metapneumovirus.
Defective viruses are viruses that have lost the ability to complete a full replication cycle and produce progeny virions independently. These viruses require the assistance of a helper virus, which provides the necessary functions for replication. Defective viruses can arise due to mutations, deletions, or other genetic changes that result in the loss of essential genes. They are often non-infectious and cannot cause disease on their own, but they may interfere with the replication of the helper virus and modulate the course of infection. Defective viruses can be found in various types of viruses, including retroviruses, bacteriophages, and DNA viruses.
Viral fusion proteins are specialized surface proteins found on the envelope of enveloped viruses. These proteins play a crucial role in the viral infection process by mediating the fusion of the viral membrane with the target cell membrane, allowing the viral genetic material to enter the host cell and initiate replication.
The fusion protein is often synthesized as an inactive precursor, which undergoes a series of conformational changes upon interaction with specific receptors on the host cell surface. This results in the exposure of hydrophobic fusion peptides or domains that insert into the target cell membrane, bringing the two membranes into close proximity and facilitating their merger.
A well-known example of a viral fusion protein is the gp120/gp41 complex found on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The gp120 subunit binds to CD4 receptors and chemokine coreceptors on the host cell surface, triggering conformational changes in the gp41 subunit that expose the fusion peptide and enable membrane fusion. Understanding the structure and function of viral fusion proteins is important for developing antiviral strategies and vaccines.
Viral genes refer to the genetic material present in viruses that contains the information necessary for their replication and the production of viral proteins. In DNA viruses, the genetic material is composed of double-stranded or single-stranded DNA, while in RNA viruses, it is composed of single-stranded or double-stranded RNA.
Viral genes can be classified into three categories: early, late, and structural. Early genes encode proteins involved in the replication of the viral genome, modulation of host cell processes, and regulation of viral gene expression. Late genes encode structural proteins that make up the viral capsid or envelope. Some viruses also have structural genes that are expressed throughout their replication cycle.
Understanding the genetic makeup of viruses is crucial for developing antiviral therapies and vaccines. By targeting specific viral genes, researchers can develop drugs that inhibit viral replication and reduce the severity of viral infections. Additionally, knowledge of viral gene sequences can inform the development of vaccines that stimulate an immune response to specific viral proteins.
Sindbis virus is an alphavirus that belongs to the Togaviridae family. It's named after the location where it was first isolated, in Sindbis, Egypt, in 1952. This virus is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes and can infect a wide range of animals, including birds and humans. In humans, Sindbis virus infection often causes a mild flu-like illness characterized by fever, rash, and joint pain. However, some people may develop more severe symptoms, such as neurological disorders, although this is relatively rare. There is no specific treatment for Sindbis virus infection, and management typically involves supportive care to alleviate symptoms.
'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype' is a specific subtype of the influenza A virus that causes flu in humans and animals. It contains certain proteins called hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) on its surface, with this subtype specifically having H1 and N1 antigens. The H1N1 strain is well-known for causing the 2009 swine flu pandemic, which was a global outbreak of flu that resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. This subtype can also cause seasonal flu, although the severity and symptoms may vary. It is important to note that influenza viruses are constantly changing, and new strains or subtypes can emerge over time, requiring regular updates to vaccines to protect against them.
Viral meningitis is a form of meningitis, which is an inflammation of the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by viral infections, such as enteroviruses, herpesviruses, and HIV. The infection enters the body through the respiratory system or the gastrointestinal tract and then spreads to the central nervous system.
Symptoms of viral meningitis may include fever, headache, stiff neck, photophobia (intolerance to light), and altered mental status. In some cases, patients may also experience vomiting, seizures, or skin rash. However, viral meningitis is generally less severe than bacterial meningitis and has a lower mortality rate.
Most cases of viral meningitis resolve on their own within 7-10 days, and treatment typically involves supportive care such as hydration, pain relief, and fever reduction. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses, so they are not used to treat viral meningitis. In some cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed for certain types of viral meningitis, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) meningitis.
Preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding close contact with people who are sick. There is also a vaccine available to protect against enterovirus D68, which can cause viral meningitis in some cases.
Mumps virus
Mumps vaccine
Mumps
Syncytium
Albert Coons
Negative-strand RNA virus
James Tedesco
Bat mumps orthorubulavirus
MMR vaccine
Attenuated vaccine
De Quervain's thyroiditis
Dacryoadenitis
Measles vaccine
Pericarditis
George Hirst (virologist)
Non-specific effect of vaccines
MMRV vaccine
ACAM2000
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Childhood immunizations in the United States
Aseptic meningitis
Vijendra K. Singh
Human pathogen
Vanderbilt University
List of Vanderbilt University people
Ernest William Goodpasture
Vaccine storage
Uromodulin
Frank Horsfall
William Paul Duprex
Mumps virus - Wikipedia
Mumps Virus Testing Market Share Archives - Healthynewage.com
Mumps Virus-associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome - Volume 11, Number 2-February 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
ACIP: Mumps Prevention
Mumps - Vaccine Preventable Diseases Surveillance Manual | CDC
Replication of Mumps Virus in Human Leukocyte Cultures - Wikidata
Mumps: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Mumps PCR
Mumps Virus
Mumps virus - wikidoc
Mumps virus | EVAg
Mumps: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology
Mumps Virus - Microbiology - Medbullets Step 1
Mumps virus IgM - biocore-diagnostics.de
MUMPS VIRUS ANTIBODY IgM, SERUM - TrueMedix
Mumps Virus RT-PCR - Canterbury Health Laboratories
Mumps news, articles and information
WHO EMRO | Seroprevalence of mumps before inclusion of mumps vaccination in the Iranian Expanded Programme on Immunization |...
Mumps - Symptoms & causes - Mayo Clinic
What Are Mumps? - Mumps Symptoms | familydoctor.org
Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions, United States: Annual Tables.Table 2j. Meningococcal disease; Mumps...
Hyperbaric Oxygen therapy helps improve mumps virus-induced Retinitis - @Hyperbaric Experts
Vaccines | Free Full-Text | Genetic Analysis Reveals Differences in CD8+ T Cell Epitope Regions That May Impact Cross...
NHANES 2009-2010: Measles, Mumps, Rubella & Varicella Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies
post by InverseLookingGlass
Meningitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
ProQuad, MMRV (measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine, live) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
Effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on detection of measles, mumps, and rubella virus antibodies<...
Which of the following pair of diseases is caused by
virus?
(a) rabies, mumps
(b) cholera,... - JustAAA
Do mosquitoes get the mumps?, part II | ScienceBlogs
Vaccine54
- This revised Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) recommendation on mumps vaccine updates the 1982 recommendation (1). (cdc.gov)
- Following the introduction of the live mumps virus vaccine in 1967 and recommendation of its routine use in 1977, the incidence rate of reported mumps cases decreased steadily in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- MMR immunization (vaccine) protects against measles , mumps, and rubella . (medlineplus.gov)
- The monovalent live, attenuated mumps vaccine was licensed in the United States in December 1967, and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that its use be considered for children nearing puberty, for adolescents, and for adults. (medscape.com)
- However, in 1986 and 1987, large outbreaks of mumps occurred among under-immunized cohorts of people born between 1967 and 1977, as based on a single-dose mumps vaccine regimen. (medscape.com)
- [ 4 ] In 1989, the ACIP recommended that a second dose of mumps-containing vaccine be given to children age 4-6 years (at time of entry to kindergarten or first grade) and designated MMR as the vaccine of choice. (medscape.com)
- He only received the first dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. (medbullets.com)
- 8/6/2016 - Long Beach has been hit with a mumps outbreak that is vaccine-resistant. (naturalnews.com)
- 6/14/2015 - A pair of former Big Pharma scientists have accused their former employer, Merck & Co., of falsifying tests of an exclusive mumps vaccine in recently filed court papers, charges they say the pharmaceutical giant has yet to answer. (naturalnews.com)
- Mumps is most common in children between 2 to 12 years old who didn't get the mumps vaccine. (familydoctor.org)
- You can get mumps as an adult if you did not get the vaccine. (familydoctor.org)
- The mumps can be prevented with a vaccine. (familydoctor.org)
- Thanks to this vaccine, very few people get the mumps in the U.S. anymore. (familydoctor.org)
- Is the mumps vaccine safe for the elderly or people who have weakened immune systems? (familydoctor.org)
- Waning of vaccine-induced immunity plays a role, but antigenic differences between vaccine and mumps outbreak strains could also contribute to reduced vaccine effectiveness. (mdpi.com)
- In the present study, sequences of 40 CD8 + T cell epitope candidates, including previously and newly identified, obtained from Jeryl-Lynn mumps vaccine strains were compared with genomes from 462 circulating MuV strains. (mdpi.com)
- Recent field data on Mumps outbreaks yields big questions about the vaccine efficacy. (abovetopsecret.com)
- This post isn't about opinion, or even vaccine side effects --It's about clinical pharmacology and real field data on the efficacy of the Mumps vaccine. (abovetopsecret.com)
- 28 cases of mumps reported, all but one had at least 1 dose of MMR but based on vaccine prevalence, the implication based on age is at least 50% would have the 2 dose regime. (abovetopsecret.com)
- Therefore, prior to international travel, individuals known to be susceptible to one or more of these diseases can either receive the indicated monovalent vaccine (measles, mumps, or rubella), or a combination vaccine as appropriate. (abovetopsecret.com)
- certolizumab pegol decreases effects of measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine, live by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
- Nov. 20, 2020 The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine has been theorized to provide protection against COVID-19. (sciencedaily.com)
- Little is known about the influence of asthma status on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine viruses. (elsevierpure.com)
- We compared the virus-specific IgG levels and lymphoproliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to MMR vaccine viruses between asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients. (elsevierpure.com)
- The study findings suggest asthmatic patients may have a suboptimal cell-mediated immune response to MMR vaccine viruses and a family history of asthma modifies this effect. (elsevierpure.com)
- The Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine is given free (publicly funded) as part of the routine immunization schedule. (fraserhealth.ca)
- A vaccine for mumps exists, but there is now a vaccine, which, in the UK, is given at 12 to 15 months, along with vaccines for Measles and German measles . (medinfo.co.uk)
- An example of a combination vaccine is the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine . (immunizationinfo.org)
- Mumps is one of the most easily vaccine-preventable diseases. (ou.org)
- Children are routinely immunized to mumps by the Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) vaccine. (ou.org)
- Prior to the development of the vaccine in 1963, mumps was one of the leading causes of encephalitis. (ou.org)
- AK: I gave you ample opportunities to explain to everyone here how, 40 years after the discovery of HIV, there is no vaccine for the virus. (uncommondescent.com)
- 2 doses of the MMR vaccine provide the best protection against measles, mumps and rubella. (www.nhs.uk)
- It is a human systemic disease that occurs worldwide but is highly preventable via the mumps vaccine. (medscape.com)
- The mumps vaccine was introduced in 1967, and the disease became nationally reportable in 1968. (medscape.com)
- Prior to the vaccine about 50% of children contracted mumps. (medscape.com)
- In 1991, Iowa mandated that 2 doses of mumps vaccine be required for all people entering public schools. (medscape.com)
- The mumps vaccine, given as part of the vaccine widely known as MMR (for measles, mumps and rubella vaccine) is considered 95 percent effective. (drweil.com)
- 1 2 The Rubini strain is still widely used in Europe, 3 and we report here a large outbreak of mumps in a population with a high vaccination rate and examine the differential efficacy of the three vaccine strains. (bmj.com)
- When the attack rate for the two currently available vaccine strains was compared the relative risk of developing mumps was 4.8-fold greater (95% confidence interval 2.1 to 11.1) in children vaccinated with the Rubini compared with the Jeryl-Lynn strain. (bmj.com)
- In the three vaccine categories no difference in the severity of mumps was observed. (bmj.com)
- From a public health perspective, immunisation against mumps with the Rubini strain should be strongly discouraged unless the field efficacy of this vaccine is convincingly shown. (bmj.com)
- She said all of the students her team treated for mumps had two MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) vaccine doses - a school requirement - but they got sick anyway. (medicalxpress.com)
- The fact that we have mumps showing up in highly immunized populations likely reflects something about the effectiveness of the vaccine," Even said. (medicalxpress.com)
- Haselow said he also worries there may be something about this particular outbreak that is making the mumps vaccine less effective against it. (medicalxpress.com)
- He explained that the mumps vaccine was developed in the 1960s using one specific strain of mumps, and now some of the cases showing up in Arkansas are a different strain. (medicalxpress.com)
- The agency also suggests adults receive the shingles vaccine even if they have previously contracted the virus. (fortherecordmag.com)
- The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is a combination vaccine that helps protect against these three serious viral infections. (msdmanuals.com)
- The vaccine contains live but weakened measles, mumps, and rubella viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
- Varicella Vaccine The varicella vaccine helps protect against chickenpox (varicella), a very contagious infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. (msdmanuals.com)
- For more information, see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) vaccine information statement . (msdmanuals.com)
- This was the first high-magnitude mumps outbreak since the introduction of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in Mongolia in September 2009. (who.int)
- Children younger than 14 years comprise 90% of cases, 4 and in countries that have not introduced mumps vaccine, 80%-90% of adults older than 20 years are immune from natural infection. (who.int)
- Mumps vaccine was not available in Mongolia before 2009. (who.int)
Vaccination21
- Changes include: a discussion of the evolving epidemiologic characteristics of mumps, introduction of a cutoff of 1957 as the oldest birth cohort for which mumps vaccination is routinely recommended, and more aggressive outbreak-control measures. (cdc.gov)
- By 1972, the ACIP recommendations were changed to indicate that mumps vaccination was particularly important for the initially targeted teenage and adult age groups. (medscape.com)
- In 1980, further recommendations called for mumps vaccination of susceptible children, adolescents, and adults, unless it was medically contraindicated. (medscape.com)
- Following these comprehensive recommendations and enactment of state laws requiring mumps vaccination for school entry and attendance, the reported incidence of mumps steadily declined. (medscape.com)
- Mumps is a contagious viral illness that is largely preventable via vaccination. (chl.co.nz)
- The current target groups for measles, mumps and rubella vaccination in the Islamic Republic of Iran are children at 12 months and 4-6 years. (who.int)
- À l'heure actuelle, les groupes visés par la vaccination contre la rougeole, les oreillons et la rubéole en République islamique d'Iran sont les enfants âgés de 12 mois et ceux âgés de 4 à 6 ans. (who.int)
- Documentation of waning immunity in a population with high vaccination coverage and low probability of boosting due to exposure to wild virus will have implications on future vaccination policy in the US. (cdc.gov)
- Neutralizing and ELISA antibodies to measles, mumps, and rubella viruses are still detectable in most individuals 11 to 13 years after primary vaccination.16-18 See INDICATIONS AND USAGE, Non-Pregnant Adolescent and Adult Females, for Rubella Susceptibility Testing. (abovetopsecret.com)
- We have received reports that mumps serology testing was occasionally done in community settings to assess immune status after vaccination. (fraserhealth.ca)
- Most of those in yeshiva settings have already been vaccinated, however, leading researchers to hypothesize that while vaccination prevents most cases of mumps, repeated exposure can hinder the vaccine's effectiveness. (ou.org)
- 7] . Since the introduction of the two-dose MMR vaccination in 1989, US mumps cases decreased more than 99%, with only a few hundred cases reported each year. (medscape.com)
- The variations in the number of persons who receive the mumps vaccination worldwide make it difficult to estimate the numbers affected. (medscape.com)
- Prevention with vaccination is the key to avoiding an infection with the mumps virus. (drweil.com)
- Check your immunization record to make sure you and your family members are up to date with the mumps vaccination (MMR or MMRV). (thebulletin.ca)
- The person who investigated the cases of mumps was blinded with regard to the vaccination status. (bmj.com)
- More than a decade after systematic vaccination was introduced, the incidence of mumps is still high in Switzerland, Spain, and Italy. (bmj.com)
- Overview of Immunization Immunization (vaccination) helps the body defend itself against diseases caused by certain bacteria or viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
- 2 One strategy to control mumps is to have the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination as part of a national immunization programme. (who.int)
- 3 However, in recent years in countries with mumps vaccination, many mumps outbreaks have been identified among both vaccinated and unvaccinated people. (who.int)
- Demonstration of specific mumps antibody response in absence of recent vaccination, either a four-fold increase in immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer as measured by quantitative assays, or a seroconversion from negative to positive using a standard serologic assay of paired acute and convalescent serum specimens. (cdc.gov)
Cases of mumps3
- Some testicular atrophy occurs in about 35% of cases of mumps orchitis, but sterility rarely occurs. (cdc.gov)
- Toronto Public Health (TPH) is currently investigating 14 lab-confirmed cases of mumps involving individuals 18 to 35 years of age. (thebulletin.ca)
- In contrast, cases of mumps in children vaccinated with the Jeryl-Lynn or Urabe strains occurred only at the age of 8 or older. (bmj.com)
Outbreak of mumps4
- 4/28/2016 - In case you hadn't heard, there is something going on at the Harvard University campus that isn't supposed to happen: There is a widening outbreak of mumps, and all the students who have contracted the disease thus far had already been vaccinated for the disease. (naturalnews.com)
- Diagnostic Yield of Laboratory Methods and Value of Viral Genotyping during an Outbreak of Mumps in a Partially Vaccinated Population in British Columbia, Canada. (cdc.gov)
- An article in The New England Journal of Medicine reports that an outbreak of mumps that occurred in four Orthodox communities in the tri-state area in 2009-2010 was found to have been transmitted in the course of intense one-on-one study among boys in yeshivot. (ou.org)
- An outbreak of mumps occurred in Iowa, with 219 cases reported in 2006. (medscape.com)
Infection24
- Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) is a fulminant disorder associated with systemic viral infection and is characterized pathologically by the proliferation of hemophagocytic histiocytes in the lymphoreticular tissues. (cdc.gov)
- Parotitis and acute pancreatitis due to a mumps virus infection were diagnosed. (cdc.gov)
- This report is the first of a VAHS case associated with a mumps virus infection. (cdc.gov)
- The clinical course of VAHS is highly variable, and in some cases, especially in Epstein-Barr virus infection, VAHS is a dramatic illness with a potentially fatal outcome ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- Naturally acquired mumps infection, including the estimated 30% of infections that are subclinical, confers long-lasting immunity. (cdc.gov)
- Further research is needed to determine whether mumps infection contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. (cdc.gov)
- Mumps reinfection in patients who previously had natural infection or recurrent mumps (parotid swelling resolves and then weeks to months later occurs on the same or other side) can also occur. (cdc.gov)
- Mumps infection may present only with nonspecific or primarily respiratory symptoms or may be asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)
- This assay is used for the laboratory diagnosis of Mumps virus infection. (truemedix.in)
- Detection of IgM antibodies supports a clinical diagnosis of recent acute phase infection with the virus. (truemedix.in)
- It's more common with a mumps infection after puberty. (mayoclinic.org)
- The cause of this disorder is reactivation of a latent varicella-zoster virus infection occurring years after the primary infection. (medscape.com)
- MSTA is not indicated for the immunization , diagnosis, or treatment of mumps virus infection, or determination of immune status to mumps virus. (rxlist.com)
- Mumps is a viral infection caused by the mumps virus. (fraserhealth.ca)
- The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is the test of choice for the definitive diagnosis of an acute mumps infection . (fraserhealth.ca)
- Mumps is a virus infection which typically causes enlargement of the two salivary glands in the cheeks at the angle of the jaw. (medinfo.co.uk)
- Even though mumps is a respiratory infection it requires closer exposure than most other airborne diseases, like measles. (ou.org)
- The source of the infection was a student who returned from the United Kingdom during a large mumps outbreak in that country. (medscape.com)
- Mumps, also known as epidemic parotitis, is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects the parotid glands - the saliva-producing glands behind both cheeks. (drweil.com)
- Rarely, mumps can lead to deafness, inflammation of the brain itself (encephalitis) and spontaneous abortion if an infection occurs during pregnancy. (drweil.com)
- Hepatitis A is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. (texas.gov)
- Call your doctor if you have symptoms of mumps infection, or if you have been in contact with someone who has mumps. (thebulletin.ca)
- Complications from mumps infection can include encephalitis (infection in the brain), meningitis (infection in the lining of the brain), painful swelling of the testicles or the ovaries, pancreatitis and hearing loss. (thebulletin.ca)
- Rubella, also called German measles, is a contagious viral infection caused by rubella virus . (health.mil)
Antibodies5
- Extensive cultures and serologic studies for microbial and viral infections were all negative, whereas tests for immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies against the mumps virus were both positive. (cdc.gov)
- A study of the age-specific seroprevalence of antibodies against mumps in children aged 3-18 years in Shahrekord aimed to establish the need for booster vaccinations to cover non-immune children. (who.int)
- The Wampole Measles IgG ELISA test system is designed to detect IgG class antibodies to Measles virus in human sera. (cdc.gov)
- The absence of IgG antibodies to mumps virus served as confirmation of full susceptibility to mumps in non-vaccinated children without clinical signs of the disease. (bmj.com)
- Serum samples were tested for antibodies against JE virus, mumps virus, echoviruses, and coxsackieviruses ( 3 , 4 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Vaccines7
- Mumps stupidity: After vaccines fail to stop mumps outbreaks, brain dead journalists call for a THIRD round of injections. (naturalnews.com)
- 12/3/2015 - Although cases of measles and mumps declined after measles and mumps vaccines were introduced, scientists now realize that childhood infections serve a valuable function and may be necessary for normal development of the immune system. (naturalnews.com)
- Mumps are not common in the United States because of vaccines. (mayoclinic.org)
- Jan. 11, 2023 Vaccines that provide long-lasting protection against influenza, coronaviruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have proved exceptionally difficult to develop. (sciencedaily.com)
- In addition, you should not be around other persons living in your household who receive live virus vaccines because there is a chance they could pass the virus on to you. (drugs.com)
- 4] See the full recommendations for the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and measles, mumps, rubella, varicella (MMRV) vaccines from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices,[5] including benefit versus risk profile and contraindications. (medscape.com)
- Vaccines contain either noninfectious components of bacteria or viruses or whole forms of these organisms that have been weakened. (msdmanuals.com)
Child has mumps1
- You should let your doctor know that the child has mumps, but unless unexpected problems arise, your doctor will not necessarily need to see your child. (medinfo.co.uk)
Spread of mumps3
- The spread of mumps has an unlikely ally: chavruta learning. (ou.org)
- During outbreaks, mumps can affect vaccinated individuals, but prior immunization helps to limit the symptoms, duration, and spread of mumps. (medscape.com)
- It's not clear whether a third dose is effective in preventing the spread of mumps. (medicalxpress.com)
Saliva8
- Mumps virus is transmitted person to person through direct contact with saliva or respiratory droplets of a person infected with mumps (i.e., droplet transmission). (cdc.gov)
- having direct contact with a mumps patient's infectious respiratory secretions by droplet transmission (e.g., kissing, sharing saliva-contaminated objects like water bottles, or being coughed or sneezed on). (cdc.gov)
- Buccal /oral /saliva swab in virus transport medium or CSF will be tested for Mumps virus RNA. (chl.co.nz)
- When someone has mumps, the virus is in saliva. (mayoclinic.org)
- It is transmitted mainly by infected saliva although the urine also contains virus particles (virions). (medinfo.co.uk)
- The mumps virus spreads via respiratory secretions (by breathing in droplets of secretions from an infected person's cough or sneeze) or from direct contact with objects contaminated by the saliva of an infected person. (drweil.com)
- The mumps virus is found in saliva and respiratory droplets. (thebulletin.ca)
- Humans are the only natural hosts for mumps virus, which is usually spread by respiratory droplets, saliva, or contact with contaminated fomites. (health.mil)
Acute10
- Mumps is an acute viral illness caused by a paramyxovirus that typically presents as swelling of the parotid (parotitis) or other salivary gland[s]. (cdc.gov)
- Mumps is an acute, self-limited, systemic viral illness characterized by the swelling of one or more of the salivary glands, typically the parotid glands. (medscape.com)
- Also see Management of Acute Presentation of Mumps . (medscape.com)
- During the 2003 epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), it was thought that the SARS-causing virus belonged to the Paramyxoviridae family. (medscape.com)
- Bacteria or viruses can cause acute inflammation of the labyrinth in conjunction with either local or systemic infections. (medscape.com)
- Serology alone is less preferred for diagnosis of mumps , especially since collection of both acute and convalescent serum specimens is recommended. (fraserhealth.ca)
- A single serum specimen tested for mumps specific IgG is not useful for diagnosing acute mumps infections. (cdc.gov)
- Measles is a highly contagious acute viral respiratory illness caused by a single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus with 1 serotype. (health.mil)
- Mumps is an acute viral illness caused by an enveloped RNA virus that belongs to the genus Rubulavirus , in the family Paramyxoviridae . (health.mil)
- Mumps is an acute viral disease caused by a paramyxovirus and is usually spread by respiratory droplets. (who.int)
Parotitis8
- Here we report a case of mumps VAHS following parotitis and pancreatitis. (cdc.gov)
- The incubation period ranges from 12-25 days, but parotitis typically develops 16 to 18 days after exposure to mumps virus. (cdc.gov)
- A person with mumps is considered infectious from 2 days before through 5 days after parotitis onset. (cdc.gov)
- 22] Although mumps virus has been isolated from 7 days before through 11-14 days after parotitis onset,[22-24] the highest percentage of RT-PCR positive results and the highest virus loads occur closest to parotitis onset and decrease rapidly thereafter. (cdc.gov)
- 27] No studies have assessed peak infectiousness in mumps patients who do not have parotitis (e.g., patients who only have nonspecific respiratory symptoms or only have complications like orchitis). (cdc.gov)
- The laboratory criteria for the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists case definition for mumps designates mumps cases with confirmatory laboratory evidence (including those with a positive rRT-PCR result) as confirmed, while cases that are IgM positive and meet the clinical criteria of ≥2 day-duration of parotitis or other salivary gland swelling or with a mumps-related complication are classified as probable . (cdc.gov)
- However, clinical features of mumps usually include unilateral or bilateral, parotitis, with single or multiple salivary glands affected. (health.mil)
- U.S.-acquired case: A U.S.-acquired case is defined as a case in which the patient had not been outside the United States during the 25 days before onset of parotitis or other mumps-associated complications or was known to have been exposed to mumps within the United States. (cdc.gov)
Immunization2
- as such, the ACIP believed that mumps immunization should not compromise the effectiveness of established immunization public health programs. (medscape.com)
- Branch, where he oversees diagnostic and clinical serologic testing for measles and mumps in the Division of Viral Diseases in the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at CDC. (cdc.gov)
Think you have mumps2
- If you think you have mumps, let the clinic know before you go. (mayoclinic.org)
- Tell your doctor that you think you have mumps before going to the doctor's office. (thebulletin.ca)
Encephalitis4
- Reported rates of mumps encephalitis range as high as five cases per 1000 reported mumps cases. (cdc.gov)
- Mumps may also cause inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), sometimes lead to miscarriage and, very rarely, also inflammation of the central nervous system such as meningitis , encephalitis, or myelitis. (medinfo.co.uk)
- Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) remains a major source of illness and death in Asia ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- Very rarely, mumps can cause encephalitis and permanent neurological damage. (health.mil)
Orchitis7
- Among the reported mumps-associated complications, strong epidemiologic and laboratory evidence for an association with meningoencephalitis, deafness, and orchitis has been reported (2). (cdc.gov)
- Orchitis (usually unilateral) has been reported as a complication in 20%-30% of clinical mumps cases in postpubertal males (3). (cdc.gov)
- 11-14] Among vaccinated patients, complications of mumps are uncommon but occur more frequently among adults than children, mainly due to higher rates of orchitis among post-pubertal males. (cdc.gov)
- 8] About half of patients with mumps orchitis develop testicular atrophy of the affected testicles. (cdc.gov)
- 15,16] While there is a theoretical risk for temporary sterility or subfertility from oligospermia, azoospermia, or asthenospermia among men with mumps orchitis,[15] no studies have assessed risk for permanent infertility. (cdc.gov)
- If an adult develops mumps they should consult the doctor, especially if a male with swollen, painful testicles (orchitis). (medinfo.co.uk)
- Complications of mumps can include meningitis (in up to 15% of cases), orchitis, and deafness. (health.mil)
Suspected mumps outbreak2
- At the onset of a suspected mumps outbreak, patients suspected to have mumps should be tested by rRT-PCR to confirm mumps and rule out other possible etiologies. (cdc.gov)
- The Gurvantes district in Omnogovi Province reported a suspected mumps outbreak to the Mongolia Ministry of Health in March 2011. (who.int)
Diagnosis6
- The preferred specimen for mumps diagnosis is a buccal swab collected within five days of symptom onset. (fraserhealth.ca)
- Difficulty with mumps diagnosis: what is the contribution of mumps mimickers? (cdc.gov)
- Jin L, Feng Y, Parry R, Cui A, Lu Y. Real-time PCR and its application to mumps rapid diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
- Krause CH, Eastick K, Ogilvie MM. Real-time PCR for mumps diagnosis on clinical specimens-comparison with results of conventional methods of virus detection and nested PCR. (cdc.gov)
- Mumps outbreak and laboratory diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
- A case was defined if mumps virus was isolated on culture, if a doctor confirmed the diagnosis, or if the typical clinical picture was described in a sibling of a patient with confirmed disease. (bmj.com)
Droplets7
- Mumps is highly infectious and is transmitted by respiratory droplets, direct contact, or fomites. (chl.co.nz)
- Coughing or sneezing can release tiny droplets with the virus into the air. (mayoclinic.org)
- You can get the virus by breathing in tiny droplets. (mayoclinic.org)
- Or you can get the virus by touching a surface where droplets have landed and then touching your face. (mayoclinic.org)
- The mumps virus is transmitted by respiratory droplets, direct contact, or contaminated fomites. (medscape.com)
- Transmission of the measles virus is through direct contact with infectious droplets or by airborne spread when an infected person breathes, coughs, or sneezes. (health.mil)
- Humans are the only natural hosts of rubella virus, which is transmitted through person-to-person contact or droplets shed from the respiratory secretions of infected people. (health.mil)
Measles virus3
- Oct. 14, 2021 Researchers have described a novel host strategy for combating viruses such as measles virus that affect the mitochondria, structures within the cell. (sciencedaily.com)
- Humans are the only natural hosts of measles virus. (health.mil)
- Measles virus can remain infectious in the air for up to two hours after an infected person leaves an area. (health.mil)
Spreads3
- The virus spreads from person to person by drops of moisture from the nose and mouth, such as through sneezing. (medlineplus.gov)
- Mumps spreads rapidly among susceptible individuals living in close quarters. (chl.co.nz)
- Mumps spreads very easily for about five days after the swelling starts. (mayoclinic.org)
Infections3
- From January 1 to March 29, 2019, 34 states and the District of Columbia reported mumps infections in 426 people to the CDC. (medscape.com)
- In about 5% of infections, mumps leads to meningitis , an inflammation of the tissues covering the brain. (drweil.com)
- Complications of mump infections are more likely to be serious when adults are infected. (health.mil)
Serum2
- We investigated the effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on mumps, measles, and rubella virus serum antibody levels with whole-virus immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunoassays. (elsevierpure.com)
- A fourfold rise or seroconversion is rarely demonstrated between paired serum specimens for mumps since IgG is typically present at symptom onset (see serology FAQ ). (cdc.gov)
Risk for mumps1
- Mumps can occur in a person who is fully vaccinated, but vaccinated persons are at much lower risk for mumps and mumps complications. (cdc.gov)
Outbreaks of mumps1
- After the introduction of immunisation against measles, mumps, and rubella, numerous outbreaks of mumps were reported in the 1980s and '90s in Switzerland and southern Europe. (bmj.com)
Treatment for mumps2
- There is no specific treatment for mumps. (medlineplus.gov)
- Aside from supportive care, there is no conventional treatment for mumps. (drweil.com)
Complications of mumps1
- Complications of mumps are more likely among people who aren't vaccinated. (mayoclinic.org)
Antibody1
- The conjugate will react with Mumps antibody immobilized on the solid phase in step 1. (cdc.gov)
Adults5
- The increased occurrence of mumps in susceptible adolescents and young adults has been demonstrated in several recent outbreaks in high schools and on college campuses (5,6) and in occupational settings (7). (cdc.gov)
- As with other childhood diseases, complications are more likely when adults are infected, but a good number of people who get the mumps may have no symptoms at all. (drweil.com)
- Mumps most commonly affects children who have not been vaccinated against the virus, but adults can be infected as well. (drweil.com)
- Mumps is more serious in adults. (msdmanuals.com)
- Although mumps is most frequently reported in children aged five to nine years, both adolescents and adults may be affected. (who.int)
Immunity5
- Even though the mumps virus, Rubulavirus, shares similar morphologic features to human parainfluenza viruses (known as hPIVs, as part of the Paramyxovirus genus), no cross-immunity between these viruses is known. (medscape.com)
- CD8 + T cells play a critical role in immunity to viruses. (mdpi.com)
- No known serologic threshold correlates with immunity to mumps, so mumps serology should not be used for assessment of immunity (with a few specific exceptions). (fraserhealth.ca)
- Birth before 1957 is generally considered sufficient evidence of immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella, except for health care workers. (msdmanuals.com)
- This suggests that immunity to mumps is still low in Mongolia. (who.int)
Symptoms11
- The provider can usually diagnose mumps by looking at the symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you get the virus, symptoms usually appear 12 to 24 days after you've been exposed. (familydoctor.org)
- Living with mumps involves living with mild symptoms for two weeks. (familydoctor.org)
- Can I expose spread mumps before I get symptoms? (familydoctor.org)
- Vaccinated people who get mumps usually have milder symptoms and fewer complications. (mayoclinic.org)
- Symptoms of mumps show up about 2 to 3 weeks after exposure to the virus. (mayoclinic.org)
- See your health care provider if you or your child has symptoms of mumps. (mayoclinic.org)
- The primary symptom of mumps is swelling of the salivary gland along with some respiratory problems, though symptoms don't manifest in some cases. (ou.org)
- After the prodrome, the symptoms of the virus depend on which organ is affected. (medscape.com)
- In addition, another 14 cases of people with symptoms consistent with the virus were reported in nearby states (Illinois, Nebraska, and Minnesota). (medscape.com)
- Those who are severely ill should go see their doctor, however, they should call to report their symptoms if mumps is suspected so they do not infect others around them. (drweil.com)
Respiratory secretions1
- The virus is transmitted from person to person primarily by direct contact with infected persons, or from airborne spread of respiratory secretions. (texas.gov)
Susceptible1
- Sporadic mumps outbreaks have occurred among susceptible individuals in various settings, including military posts, schools, colleges and universities, and summer camps. (medscape.com)
Incubation period2
- The time between being exposed to the virus and getting sick (incubation period) is about 12 to 25 days. (medlineplus.gov)
- The incubation period of mumps averages 16-18 days, with a range of about 2-4 weeks. (health.mil)
MMRV1
- Susceptibility to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) for the purpose of monitoring the susceptibility of the U.S. population to each of these highly contagious, infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)
Contract mumps1
- This means that of every 100 vaccinated individuals, up to five may contract mumps if exposed to the virus. (drweil.com)
Contagious viral illness1
- Mumps is a contagious viral illness caused by the paramyxovirus. (medscape.com)
Salivary2
- Mumps is a contagious disease that leads to painful swelling of the salivary glands . (medlineplus.gov)
- In addition, the painful swelling that is characteristic of mumps usually affects the parotid salivary glands located within the cheek, near the jaw line and below the ears. (drweil.com)
Illness6
- After the illness is over in about 7 days, they'll be immune to mumps for the rest of their life. (medlineplus.gov)
- The illness is caused by the RNA virus, Rubulavirus. (medscape.com)
- Mumps is an illness caused by a virus. (mayoclinic.org)
- Enteroviruses: These are viruses that also can cause intestinal illness. (medlineplus.gov)
- Although bats serve as reservoir hosts with great viral diversity, little evidence exists for corresponding death or illness of bats from viruses (other than lyssaviruses) that have spread into humans and domesticated mammals with high virulence. (cdc.gov)
- A case with clinically compatible illness or that meets the clinical case definition without laboratory testing, or a case with laboratory tests suggestive of mumps without clinical information. (cdc.gov)
Paramyxoviridae1
- The mumps virus does share various epidemiologic characteristics with other well-known viral pediatric diseases, such as measles (RNA virus, of the genus Morbillivirus , in the Paramyxoviridae family) and rubella (RNA virus, of the genus Rubivirus , in the Togaviridae family). (medscape.com)
Diseases6
- Once we were vaccinated against diseases like measles, mumps and rubella, they said, we were never again at. (naturalnews.com)
- Individuals planning travel outside the United States, if not immune, can acquire measles, mumps, or rubella and import these diseases into the United States. (abovetopsecret.com)
- Which of the following pair of diseases is caused by virus? (justaaa.com)
- Question:Which of the following pair of diseases is caused by virus? (justaaa.com)
- The CDC Infectious Diseases Laboratories provides guidance for mumps specimen collection, storage, and shipment. (cdc.gov)
- Mumps is one of the notifiable diseases reported to this system on a monthly basis by epidemiologists and health care providers from primary to tertiary level. (who.int)
Laboratory4
- However, once a mumps outbreak is confirmed, jurisdictions should consider alternate strategies to ensure efficient use of resources available for laboratory testing . (cdc.gov)
- Laboratory testing and phylogenetic analysis during a mumps outbreak in Ontario, Canada. (cdc.gov)
- Usually, mumps is confirmed clinically at the provincial level due to lack of laboratory capacity. (who.int)
- Therefore, mumps cases should not be ruled out by negative laboratory results. (cdc.gov)
Detection5
- Clinical samples for the detection of virus should be collected as soon as possible after onset of disease. (chl.co.nz)
- MSTA (Mumps Skin Test Antigen ) is a suspension of killed mumps virus used when detection of a delayed-hypersensitivity (DH) reaction is desired. (rxlist.com)
- MSTA, Mumps Skin Test Antigen, is indicated when detection of a delayed-hypersensitivity (DH) reaction is desired. (rxlist.com)
- This short video demonstrates how to correctly collect and transport a buccal swab for the detection of mumps virus. (cdc.gov)
- Tan KE, Anderson M, Krajden M, Petric M, Mak A, Naus M. Mumps virus detection during an outbreak in a highly unvaccinated population in British Columbia. (cdc.gov)
20162
- 5/17/2016 - If you keep an eye on the news, you've probably heard that there have been several mumps outbreaks at Harvard and other Boston colleges - but Health Impact News suggests that the mainstream media isn't actually telling the whole story. (naturalnews.com)
- 5/14/2016 - Children vaccinated against mumps and measles shouldn't have a reason to worry about contracting the two viruses, right? (naturalnews.com)
Incidence4
- However, for the first time since mumps became a reportable disease, the reported peak incidence rate shifted from 5-9-year-olds to older age groups for two consecutive years (1986 and 1987). (cdc.gov)
- Although reported mumps incidence increased in all age groups from 1985 to 1987, the most dramatic increases were among 10-14-year-olds (almost a sevenfold increase) and 15-19-year-olds (more than an eightfold increase). (cdc.gov)
- Over the next decade (1988-1998), the incidence of mumps decreased among all age groups. (medscape.com)
- Mumps occurs worldwide, with a peak incidence during late winter to early spring. (medscape.com)
Occurs4
- It occurs with an estimated frequency of 0.5-5.0 per 100,000 reported mumps cases. (cdc.gov)
- Mumps most often occurs in children ages 2 through 12 who have not been vaccinated against the disease. (medlineplus.gov)
- Mumps occurs worldwide. (medscape.com)
- An endemic genotype is the genotype of any mumps virus that occurs in an endemic chain of transmission (i.e., lasting ≥12 months). (cdc.gov)
Clinical Specimen1
- Video: "Collecting a Buccal Swab Clinical Specimen for Mumps Diagnostic Testing. (cdc.gov)
Specimen1
- Fraser Health would like to remind health care providers about important testing and specimen collection considerations for Legionella, Mpox and mumps. (fraserhealth.ca)
Meningitis1
- This virus is spread by mosquito bites and is an important cause of viral meningitis in most of the United States. (medlineplus.gov)
Symptom1
- A common symptom of mumps is painful swelling on one or both sides of the face. (mayoclinic.org)
