Mucous membrane. Medical search

A chronic blistering disease with predilection for mucous membranes and less frequently the skin, and with a tendency to scarring. It is sometimes called ocular pemphigoid because of conjunctival mucous membrane involvement.

An EPITHELIUM with MUCUS-secreting cells, such as GOBLET CELLS. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the DIGESTIVE TRACT, the RESPIRATORY TRACT, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS that separates the mucosa from submucosa.

Lining of the ORAL CAVITY, including mucosa on the GUMS; the PALATE; the LIP; the CHEEK; floor of the mouth; and other structures. The mucosa is generally a nonkeratinized stratified squamous EPITHELIUM covering muscle, bone, or glands but can show varying degree of keratinization at specific locations.

Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.

A desmosomal cadherin that is an autoantigen in the acquired skin disorder PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS.

A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis.

Thin layers of tissue which cover parts of the body, separate adjacent cavities, or connect adjacent structures.

Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Chronic, localized granulomatous infection of mucocutaneous tissues, especially the NOSE, and characterized by HYPERPLASIA and the development of POLYPS. It is found in humans and other animals and is caused by the mesomycetozoean organism RHINOSPORIDIUM SEEBERI.

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)

Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.

Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION.

A genus in the order Dermocystidium, class MESOMYCETOZOEA. It causes RHINOSPORIDIOSIS in MAMMALS and BIRDS.

Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)

Diseases of the skin with a genetic component, usually the result of various inborn errors of metabolism.

Skin diseases characterized by local or general distributions of blisters. They are classified according to the site and mode of blister formation. Lesions can appear spontaneously or be precipitated by infection, trauma, or sunlight. Etiologies include immunologic and genetic factors. (From Scientific American Medicine, 1990)

A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic "bull's-eye" lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.

An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by glassy degenerative thickening (hyalinosis) of SKIN; MUCOSA; and certain VISCERA. This disorder is caused by mutation in the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (ECM1). Clinical features include hoarseness and skin eruption due to widespread deposition of HYALIN.

A clinical syndrome characterized by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, often widespread candidiasis of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It may be secondary to one of the immunodeficiency syndromes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, endocrine disorders, dental stomatitis, or malignancy.

A disorder of the skin, the oral mucosa, and the gingiva, that usually presents as a solitary polypoid capillary hemangioma often resulting from trauma. It is manifested as an inflammatory response with similar characteristics to those of a granuloma.

Diseases affecting the eye.

An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a "saw-tooth" pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.

The semi-permeable outer structure of a red blood cell. It is known as a red cell 'ghost' after HEMOLYSIS.

The motion of phospholipid molecules within the lipid bilayer, dependent on the classes of phospholipids present, their fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation of the acyl chains, the cholesterol concentration, and temperature.

Separation of the prickle cells of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, resulting in atrophy of the prickle cell layer. It is seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris (see PEMPHIGUS) and DARIER DISEASE.

A common superficial bacterial infection caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS or group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Characteristics include pustular lesions that rupture and discharge a thin, amber-colored fluid that dries and forms a crust. This condition is commonly located on the face, especially about the mouth and nose.

A desmosomal cadherin that is an autoantigen in the acquired skin disorder PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS.

The mucous membrane that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and the anterior pericorneal surface of the eyeball.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

Visible accumulations of fluid within or beneath the epidermis.

The mucous lining of the NASAL CAVITY, including lining of the nostril (vestibule) and the OLFACTORY MUCOSA. Nasal mucosa consists of ciliated cells, GOBLET CELLS, brush cells, small granule cells, basal cells (STEM CELLS) and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.

Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form. Its characteristic symptom is severe and general head pain. Scleritis has also been associated with systemic collagen disease. Etiology is unknown but is thought to involve a local immune response. Treatment is difficult and includes administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Inflammation of the sclera may also be secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues, such as the conjunctiva.

Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from patients to health professionals or health care workers. It includes transmission via direct or indirect exposure to bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or viral agents.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

Specialized forms of antibody-producing B-LYMPHOCYTES. They synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin. They are found only in lymphoid organs and at sites of immune responses and normally do not circulate in the blood or lymph. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989, p169 & Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p20)

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The two lipoprotein layers in the MITOCHONDRION. The outer membrane encloses the entire mitochondrion and contains channels with TRANSPORT PROTEINS to move molecules and ions in and out of the organelle. The inner membrane folds into cristae and contains many ENZYMES important to cell METABOLISM and energy production (MITOCHONDRIAL ATP SYNTHASE).

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Cell membranes associated with synapses. Both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are included along with their integral or tightly associated specializations for the release or reception of transmitters.

Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.

Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Techniques to partition various components of the cell into SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS.

Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The thin layers of tissue that surround the developing embryo. There are four extra-embryonic membranes commonly found in VERTEBRATES, such as REPTILES; BIRDS; and MAMMALS. They are the YOLK SAC, the ALLANTOIS, the AMNION, and the CHORION. These membranes provide protection and means to transport nutrients and wastes.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Structures which are part of the CELL MEMBRANE or have cell membrane as a major part of their structure.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

Minute projections of cell membranes which greatly increase the surface area of the cell.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The voltage difference, normally maintained at approximately -180mV, across the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE, by a net movement of positive charge across the membrane. It is a major component of the PROTON MOTIVE FORCE in MITOCHONDRIA used to drive the synthesis of ATP.

Functionally and structurally differentiated, purple-pigmented regions of the cytoplasmic membrane of some strains of Halobacterium halobium. The membrane develops under anaerobic conditions and is made almost entirely of the purple pigment BACTERIORHODOPSINS. (From Singleton & Sainsbury Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.

A fold of the mucous membrane of the CONJUNCTIVA in many animals. At rest, it is hidden in the medial canthus. It can extend to cover part or all of the cornea to help clean the CORNEA.

The inner layer of CHOROID, also called the lamina basalis choroideae, located adjacent to the RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; (RPE) of the EYE. It is a membrane composed of the basement membranes of the choriocapillaris ENDOTHELIUM and that of the RPE. The membrane stops at the OPTIC NERVE, as does the RPE.

Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Octoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the CELL MEMBRANE.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

Cytoplasmic vesicles formed when COATED VESICLES shed their CLATHRIN coat. Endosomes internalize macromolecules bound by receptors on the cell surface.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to an ethanolamine moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and ethanolamine and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a serine moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and serine and 2 moles of fatty acids.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Porins are protein molecules that were originally found in the outer membrane of GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA and that form multi-meric channels for the passive DIFFUSION of WATER; IONS; or other small molecules. Porins are present in bacterial CELL WALLS, as well as in plant, fungal, mammalian and other vertebrate CELL MEMBRANES and MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANES.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Single membrane vesicles, generally made of PHOSPHOLIPIDS.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Spontaneous tearing of the membranes surrounding the FETUS any time before the onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR. Preterm PROM is membrane rupture before 37 weeks of GESTATION.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

An oval semitransparent membrane separating the external EAR CANAL from the tympanic cavity (EAR, MIDDLE). It contains three layers: the skin of the external ear canal; the core of radially and circularly arranged collagen fibers; and the MUCOSA of the middle ear.

A layer of the cornea. It is the basal lamina of the CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM (from which it is secreted) separating it from the CORNEAL STROMA. It is a homogeneous structure composed of fine collagenous filaments, and slowly increases in thickness with age.

Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. Examples of its use are to assist victims of smoke inhalation injury, respiratory failure, and cardiac failure.

Vesicles that are involved in shuttling cargo from the interior of the cell to the cell surface, from the cell surface to the interior, across the cell or around the cell to various locations.

A class of morphologically heterogeneous cytoplasmic particles in animal and plant tissues characterized by their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the structure-linked latency of these enzymes. The intracellular functions of lysosomes depend on their lytic potential. The single unit membrane of the lysosome acts as a barrier between the enzymes enclosed in the lysosome and the external substrate. The activity of the enzymes contained in lysosomes is limited or nil unless the vesicle in which they are enclosed is ruptured. Such rupture is supposed to be under metabolic (hormonal) control. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Amino acid sequences found in transported proteins that selectively guide the distribution of the proteins to specific cellular compartments.

Explanations for the clinical and microscopic localization of lesions in pemphigus foliaceus and vulgaris. (1/2167)

Patients with pemphigus foliaceus (PF) have blisters on skin, but not mucous membranes, whereas patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) develop blisters on mucous membranes and/or skin. PF and PV blisters are due to loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion in the superficial and deep epidermis, respectively. PF autoantibodies are directed against desmoglein (Dsg) 1; PV autoantibodies bind Dsg3 or both Dsg3 and Dsg1. In this study, we test the hypothesis that coexpression of Dsg1 and Dsg3 in keratinocytes protects against pathology due to antibody-induced dysfunction of either one alone. Using passive transfer of pemphigus IgG to normal and DSG3(null) neonatal mice, we show that in the areas of epidermis and mucous membrane that coexpress Dsg1 and Dsg3, antibodies against either desmoglein alone do not cause spontaneous blisters, but antibodies against both do. In areas (such as superficial epidermis of normal mice) where Dsg1 without Dsg3 is expressed, anti-Dsg1 antibodies alone can cause blisters. Thus, the anti-desmoglein antibody profiles in pemphigus sera and the normal tissue distributions of Dsg1 and Dsg3 determine the sites of blister formation. These studies suggest that pemphigus autoantibodies inhibit the adhesive function of desmoglein proteins, and demonstrate that either Dsg1 or Dsg3 alone is sufficient to maintain keratinocyte adhesion. (+info)

Regulation and function of family 1 and family 2 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes (UGT1A, UGT2B) in human oesophagus. (2/2167)

Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are expressed in a tissue-specific fashion in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues [Strassburg, Manns and Tukey (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 8719-8726]. Previous work suggests that these enzymes play a protective role in chemical carcinogenesis [Strassburg, Manns and Tukey (1997) Cancer Res. 57, 2979-2985]. In this study, UGT1 and UGT2 gene expression was investigated in human oesophageal epithelium and squamous-cell carcinoma in addition to the characterization of individual UGT isoforms using recombinant protein. UGT mRNA expression was characterized by duplex reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis and revealed the expression of UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9 and UGT1A10 mRNAs. UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A5 and UGT1A6 transcripts were not detected. UGT2 expression included UGT2B7, UGT2B10 and UGT2B15, but UGT2B4 mRNA was absent. UGT2 mRNA was present at significantly lower levels than UGT1 transcripts. This observation was in agreement with the analysis of catalytic activities in oesophageal microsomal protein, which was characterized by high glucuronidation rates for phenolic xenobiotics, all of which are classical UGT1 substrates. Whereas UGT1A9 was not regulated, differential regulation of UGT1A7 and UGT1A10 mRNA was observed between normal oesophageal epithelium and squamous-cell carcinoma. Expression and analysis in vitro of recombinant UGT1A7, UGT1A9, UGT1A10, UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 demonstrated that UGT1A7, UGT1A9 and UGT1A10 catalysed the glucuronidation of 7-hydroxybenzo(alpha)pyrene, as well as other environmental carcinogens, such as 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-(4, 5-beta)-pyridine. Although UGT1A9 was not regulated in the carcinoma tissue, the five-fold reduction in 7-hydroxybenzo(alpha)pyrene glucuronidation could be attributed to regulation of UGT1A7 and UGT1A10. These data elucidate an individual regulation of human UGT1A and UGT2B genes in human oesophagus and provide evidence for specific catalytic activities of individual human UGT isoforms towards environmental carcinogens that have been implicated in cellular carcinogenesis. (+info)

Invasion of human mucosal epithelial cells by Neisseria gonorrhoeae upregulates expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). (3/2167)

Infection of the mucosa by Neisseria gonorrhoeae involves adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells. Little is known, however, about the expression by mucosal epithelial cells of molecules that mediate cellular interactions between epithelial cells and neutrophils at the site of gonococcal infection. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) by epithelial cells during the process of gonococcal invasion. The highly invasive strain FA1090 and the poorly invasive strain MS11 were incubated with human endometrial adenocarcinoma (HEC-1-B) or human cervical carcinoma (ME-180) epithelial cells, after which ICAM-1 expression was measured by flow cytometry. After 15 h of infection with FA1090, expression of ICAM-1 increased 4.7- and 2.1-fold for HEC-1-B and ME-180 cells, respectively, whereas 15 h of infection of HEC-1-B cells with MS11 increased ICAM-1 expression only 1.6-fold. ICAM-1 expression was restricted to the cell surface, since no soluble ICAM-1 was detected. The distribution of staining was heterogeneous and mimicked that seen after treatment of HEC-1-B cells with the ICAM-1 agonist tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the absence of bacteria. PCR and dot blot analyses of ICAM-1 mRNA showed no change in levels over time in response to infection. Although TNF-alpha was produced by HEC-1-B cells after infection, the extent of ICAM-1 upregulation was not affected by neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antiserum. Dual-fluorescence flow cytometry showed that the cells with the highest levels of ICAM-1 expression were cells with associated gonococci. We conclude that epithelial cells upregulate the expression of ICAM-1 in response to infection with invasive gonococci. On the mucosa, upregulation of ICAM-1 by infected epithelial cells may function to maintain neutrophils at the site of infection, thereby reducing further invasion of the mucosa by gonococci. (+info)

Clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis from the murine genital mucosa does not require perforin-mediated cytolysis or Fas-mediated apoptosis. (4/2167)

The molecular mechanisms of resistance to genital infection with the mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) strain of Chlamydia trachomatis are unknown. A role for major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted, interleukin-12-dependent CD4(+) T cells has been established, but the functional activity of these cells does not depend on secretion of gamma interferon. Here we examined the potential contribution of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis to mucosal clearance of MoPn by using mice deficient in the molecular mediators of target cell lysis. Animals lacking perforin, Fas, Fas ligand, or both perforin and Fas ligand were infected genitally with C. trachomatis MoPn and monitored for expression of immunity to chlamydial antigens and clearance of MoPn from the genital mucosa. In each case, the profile of spleen cytokine production, the magnitude of the host antibody response, and the kinetics of chlamydial clearance were similar to those of genetically intact controls. Compensatory overproduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha, an alternate mediator of apoptosis in certain cell types, did not appear to account for the ability of mutant mice to resolve Chlamydia infections. These results fail to support CD4(+) T-cell-mediated apoptosis or CD8(+) T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity as being critical to the clearance of C. trachomatis MoPn urogenital infections. (+info)

Langerhans cells in the human oesophagus. (5/2167)

The dendrite cells of Langerhans, first identified in the epidermis, have now been observed in the middle and superficial layers of the normal human oesophageal mucosa. They exhibit typical Langerhans granules, but no desmosomes and tonofilaments. They often have irregular indented nuclei, with a relatively pale cytoplasm contrasting with that of the adjacent squamous cells. These cells are sometimes difficult to distinguish from intra-epithelial lymphocytes, which are also encountered in the oesophageal mucosa and which share certain ultrastructural characteristics with Langerhans cells. (+info)

Oesophageal epithelial innervation in health and reflux oesophagitis. (6/2167)

BACKGROUND: The response of the oesophagus to refluxed gastric contents is likely to depend on intact neural mechanisms in the oesophageal mucosa. The epithelial innervation has not been systematically evaluated in health or reflux disease. AIMS: To study oesophageal epithelial innervation in controls, and also inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa in patients with reflux oesophagitis and healed oesophagitis. PATIENTS: Ten controls, nine patients with reflux oesophagitis, and five patients with healed oesophagitis. METHODS: Oesophageal epithelial biopsy specimens were obtained at endoscopy. The distribution of the neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), and the neuropeptides calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Density of innervation was assessed by the proportion of papillae in each oesophageal epithelial biopsy specimen containing immunoreactive fibres (found in the subepithelium and epithelial papillae, but not penetrating the epithelium). RESULTS: The proportion of papillae positive for PGP immunoreactive nerve fibres was significantly increased in inflamed tissue when compared with controls, and non-inflamed and healed tissue. There was also a significant increase in VIP immunoreactive fibres within epithelial papillae. Other neuropeptides showed no proportional changes in inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Epithelial biopsy specimens can be used to assess innervation in the oesophagus. The innervation of the oesophageal mucosa is not altered in non-inflamed tissue of patients with oesophagitis but alters in response to inflammation, where there is a selective increase (about three- to fourfold) in VIP containing nerves. (+info)

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency and fluorouracil-related toxicity. (7/2167)

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) catabolism. We report lymphocytic DPD data concerning a group of 53 patients (23 men, 30 women, mean age 58, range 36-73), treated by 5-FU-based chemotherapy in different French institutions and who developed unanticipated 5-FU-related toxicity. Lymphocyte samples (standard collection procedure) were sent to us for DPD determination (biochemical method). Among the whole group of 53 patients, 19 had a significant DPD deficiency (DD; below 150 fmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, i.e. less than 70% of the mean value observed from previous population study). There was a greater majority of women in the DD group (15 out of 19, 79%) compared with the remaining 34 patients (15 out of 34, 44%, P<0.014). Toxicity was often severe, leading to patient death in two cases (both women). The toxicity score (sum of WHO grading, theoretical range 0-20) was twice as high in patients with marked DD (below 100 pmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, n = 11, mean score = 13.2) compared with patients with moderate DD (between 150 and 100 pmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, n = 8, mean score = 6.8), P = 0.008. In the DD group, there was a high frequency of neurotoxic syndromes (7 out of 19, 37%). The two deceased patients both had severe neurotoxicity. The occurrence of cardiac toxicity was relatively rare (1 out of 19, 5%). These data suggest that women are particularly prone to DPD deficiency and allow a more precise definition of the DD toxicity profile. (+info)

Mucin expression and function in the female reproductive tract. (8/2167)

Reproductive tract epithelia are characterized by the presence of a thick, apical glycocalyx. This glycoprotein coat is drastically reduced in the uterus of many species during the time of embryo implantation. Recent studies indicate that mucin glycoproteins constitute a large proportion of the apical glycocalyx. One of these mucins, Muc-1, has particularly important functions at the luminal surface of the uterus and other female reproductive tract tissues. Muc-1 appears to play a dominant role in maintaining a functionally non-receptive uterine surface with regard to blastocyst attachment. Conversion to a receptive uterine state is brought about by the concerted actions of ovarian steroid hormones that in several species also strongly modulate Muc-1 protein and mRNA expression. Muc-1 also appears to serve a general function in protecting reproductive tract mucosa since Muc-1 null mice are particularly prone to bacterial infection. Collectively, these studies indicate that mucins, including Muc-1, play important barrier roles in reproductive processes and protection from bacterial pathogenesis in the female reproductive tract. (+info)

A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of ... Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid. The function of the membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from ... Mucous membranes line the digestive, respiratory and reproductive tracts and are the primary barrier between the external world ... In the uterus, the mucous membrane is called the endometrium, and it swells each month and is then eliminated during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucous_membrane

Nikolsky's sign is present in pemphigus and mucous membrane pemphigoid, but not in bullous pemphigoid. In mucous membrane ... Benign Mucous Membrane". MeSH. 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019. Holtsche, MM; Zillikens, D; Schmidt, E (January 2018). "[Mucous ... Mucous membrane pemphigoid is a rare chronic autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease characterized by erosive lesions of ... More severe cases can also affect areas of mucous membrane elsewhere in the body, such as the sinuses, genitals, anus, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucous_membrane_pemphigoid

Beneath the mucous membrane on the oral surface of the soft palate is a considerable amount of adenoid tissue. The palatine ... The mucous membrane of the soft palate is thin, and covered with stratified squamous epithelium on both surfaces, except near ... According to Klein, the mucous membrane on the nasal surface of the soft palate in the fetus is covered throughout by columnar ... Membrane biology, All stub articles, Anatomy stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucous_membrane_of_the_soft_palate

Mucous membrane pemphigoid • Mucous retention cyst • MUDH • Mumps • Mutually protected occlusion • Nasolabial cyst • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oral_health_and_dental_articles

The mucous membranes are dark. The lyre-shaped horns are brought up. The breed is of small size and low weight. Cows measures ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican_cattle

In mucous membranes, parakeratosis is normal. In the skin, this process leads to the abnormal replacement of annular squames ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parakeratosis

Mucous membranes readily absorb free nicotine. Some flavorings (mints in particular) are astringent and may increase the ... that reduces the stinging sensation and irritation to the snus user's gum and oral mucous membrane. Portioned snus is available ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snus

... is corrosive to mucous membranes. It irritates eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Based on data collected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroacetaldehyde

When melanoma occurs on mucous membranes. Desmoplastic melanoma Melanoma with small nevus-like cells Melanoma with features of ... A melanoma in situ has not invaded beyond the basement membrane, whereas an invasive melanoma has spread beyond it. Some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoma

The Raço di Biòu is uniformly black, or occasionally dark brown.: 147 The mucous membranes are dark. The horns are large; they ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camargue_cattle

Disorders of the mucous membranes". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. ... It is normal for there to be veins visible underneath the tongue, partly because the mucous membrane is so thin and translucent ... Conditions of the mucous membranes, Tongue disorders). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caviar_tongue

ALLISON PR, JOHNSTONE AS (June 1953). "The oesophagus lined with gastric mucous membrane". Thorax. 8 (2): 87-101. doi:10.1136/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Barrett

December 1975). "Letter: Acid secretion by gastric mucous membrane". The American Journal of Physiology. 229 (6): 21-25. doi: ... Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to address the issue of respiratory failure. Existing drugs such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic

The skin and mucous membranes are pale. The horns are lyre-shaped. Bulls weigh about 900 kg and cows about 600 kg. Cows stand ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aure_et_Saint-Girons

The duct is lined by mucous membrane. The duct empties into the nasal cavity middle nasal meatus through the infundibulum of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontonasal_duct

Martin, H. Newell (November 1873). "The structure of the olfactory mucous membrane". Journal of Anatomy and Physiology. 8 (Pt 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._Newell_Martin

The Brava is variable in colour, but is most often uniformly black.: 138 : 177 The mucous membranes are dark. The horns are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brava_cattle

Concentrated solutions are destructive to mucous membranes. Its critical micelle concentration (CMC) is ~ 0.0009-0.0011M, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetylpyridinium_chloride

It irritates skin, mucous membranes and eyes. It may also cause harm to unborn babies and might have effects on fertility. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_titanate

Section of mucous membrane of human rectum. X 60. Janeway Jr CA, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik MJ (2001). "The mucosal immune ... PRRs are localized extracellularly as membrane-bound receptors (Toll-like receptors) or intracellularly (NOD-like and RIG-like ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gut-associated_lymphoid_tissue

Allison PR, Johnstone AS (June 1953). "The oesophagus lined with gastric mucous membrane". Thorax. 8 (2): 87-101. doi:10.1136/ ... "Barrett's description of an esophagus lined with gastric mucous membrane as stomach." Bani-Hani KE and Bani-Hani KR argue that ... "esophagus lined with gastric mucous membrane and not intra-thoracic stomach as Barrett mistakenly believed." Philip Allison, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrett's_esophagus

Janeway, H. H. (1918). Treatment by radium of cancerous mucous membranes. Am. J. Roentg, 5, 414. Janeway, H. H. (1918). The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Harrington_Janeway

It mainly affects the rectal mucous membrane. The condition can be acute or it may be a chronic condition. Rectitis may be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectitis

Section of mucous membrane of human stomach, near the cardiac orifice. Section of mucous membrane of human rectum. X 60. Layers ... In the gastrointestinal tract, the term mucosa or mucous membrane refers to the combination of epithelium, lamina propria, and ... Membrane biology, All stub articles, Digestive system stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscularis_mucosae

It is also found on mucous membranes. The absolute incidence of ALM is the same for people of all skin colors, and has not ... Acral lentiginous melanoma is a result of malignant melanocytes at the membrane of the skin (outer layers). The pathogenesis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acral_lentiginous_melanoma

The herb causes irritation of mucous membranes. When ingested, the irritation of the mucosal membranes of the stomach and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veratrum_nigrum

It inflames the mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. It causes immediate closing of the eyes, difficulty ... This is due to irritation of mucous membranes. Many people experience fear and are disoriented due to sudden restriction of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepper_spray

A diagrammatic sectional view of the skin (magnified). Vertical section of mucous membrane of human uterus. Skin v t e (AC with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubular_gland

Chronic rhinitis is a form of atrophy of the mucous membrane and glands of the nose. Chronic form of dryness of the mucous ... Rhinitis, also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose. Common symptoms are a ... airway epithelial metaplasia in which goblet cells replace ciliated columnar epithelial cells in the nasal mucous membrane. ... membranes. Chronic rhinitis associated with polyps in the nasal cavity. Most prominent pathological changes observed are nasal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinitis

Acute (short-term) exposure ... results in irritation of the eyes, mucous membranes, ... Chronic (long-term) exposure ... has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust

... dust and salts are very irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes, and moderately irritating to skin. Breathing the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium

... the amnion and chorion which surround and protect a developing fetus Mucous membrane, linings of mostly endodermal origin which ... a triangular membrane occurring in eyes Cell membranes: Plasma membrane, a membrane that separates the interior of all cells ... a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells, which secrete serous fluid Tunic membrane, protective membrane covering ... like biological membranes. Membrane may also refer to: Look up membrane in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Biology: Isolating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_(disambiguation)

... such as loose connective tissue and mucous membranes).[citation needed] Historically, the pathogen involved has most frequently ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_and_skin_structure_infection

... and mucous membranes, purple or red striae (the weight gain in Cushing's syndrome stretches the skin, which is thin and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushing's_syndrome

... can irritate mucous membranes-it is a lachrymatory agent, but has never been used as such. The pure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_trichloride

Oral irritation or sensitisation may occur in some patients after applying the drug to the oral mucous membrane. Fungal skin ... Clinical use Nystatin is used topically for the treatment of Candida infections of the skin and mucous membranes. Oral ... Cautions Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes using topically. Avoid intravaginal preparations (particularly those that ... Upon binding to the fungal cell membrane and forming pores, membrane permeability and transport in fungus are altered. As a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_antifungal_drugs

The largest droplets of respiratory fluid do not travel far, but can be inhaled or land on mucous membranes on the eyes, nose, ... S2 mediates the membrane fusion of the virus to its potential cell host via the H1 and HR2, which are heptad repeat regions. ... The structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 include membrane glycoprotein (M), envelope protein (E), nucleocapsid protein (N), and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

... produced by an infolding of the mucous membrane and some of the muscular tissue in the upper half of the lumen of the anal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_columns

These secretions can also be moderately irritating if they come in contact with the eyes, mucous membranes, or broken skin. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickerel_frog

That is, oral candidiasis is a mycosis (yeast/fungal infection) of Candida species on the mucous membranes of the mouth. ... the organisms must be capable of adhering to the epithelial surface of the mucous membrane lining the mouth. This adhesion ... in the mouth and on other mucous membranes (i.e., a secondary oral candidiasis). These include Localized chronic mucocutaneous ... It may precede the formation of a pseudomembrane, be left when the membrane is removed, or arise without prior pseudomembranes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

The mucous sheaths of the tendons on the back of the wrist. (Extensor pollicis longus visible at center right.) Muscle of the ... The extensor pollicis longus arises from the dorsal surface of the ulna and from the interosseous membrane, next to the origins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle

... directly through the skin of by contact with mucous membranes in the nose or eyes. Some chemicals may persist in the body for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_safety

... his findings in the effectiveness of Iodine and other chemical agents as disinfectants of the mucous membranes of the mouth. ... "Limited proteolysis of gap junction protein is intrinsic in mammalian lens fiber-cell plasma membranes". Biochemical and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Puerto_Rican_scientists_and_inventors

Yerba mansa is used to treat inflammation of the mucous membranes, swollen gums and sore throat. An infusion of roots can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemopsis

Among those who escaped nearly all cough and spit blood, the chlorine-attacking the mucous membrane. The dead were turned black ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres

... s are membrane-bound structures in some eukaryotes which, under certain conditions, discharge their contents outside ... Notable extrusomes include mucocysts, which discharge a mucous mass sometimes used in cyst formation, and trichocysts, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrusome

The majority of the skin on the human body is keratinized, with the exception of the lining of mucous membranes, such as the ... It is separated from the dermis by the basement membrane (basal lamina and reticular lamina). The epidermis contains ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integumentary_system

Mucous membrane pemphigoid and other autoimmune blistering diseases may present with oral erosions and desquamative gingivitis ... and mucous membranes. It is not an actual lichen, and is only named that because it looks like one. It is characterized by ... Conditions of the mucous membranes, Hepatitis C virus-associated diseases, Lichenoid eruptions, Oral mucosal pathology). ... An amorphous band of eosinophilic material at the basement membrane composed of fibrin or fibrinogen. A lichenoid (band-like) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen_planus

They secrete mucous to attach to substrate using their basal disc. Hydra are multi-cellular organisms. They are made up of two ... The simple tubular body and diploblastic membranes, all of the epithelial cells are in constant contact with the environment, ... These algae are located in the endodermal epithelial cells which are enclosed by an individual vacuolar membrane, which enclose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_viridissima

Neurons which transmit signals about the gut wall, the stretch of the lungs, and the dryness of mucous membranes also innervate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_nucleus

It is possible to acquire the infection through broken skin or mucous membranes that are directly exposed to infectious ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever

Conditions of the mucous membranes, Necrosis, Trench warfare). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_necrotizing_ulcerative_gingivitis

These smooth muscle cells have muscarinic M3 receptors on their membrane. The activation of these receptors by acetylcholine ... pathway is vital for people with emphysema and there are several anticholinergic medications that in combination with mucous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoconstriction

Immune responses that occur at mucous membranes are studied by mucosal immunology. The components of MALT are sometimes ... Peyer's Patches, groupings of lymphoid follicles in the mucus membrane, monitor the GALT closely to regulate pathogens that ... is a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucosa-associated_lymphoid_tissue

It is a long, fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its ... The posterior fasciculus lies in contact with the mucous membrane, and joins with that of the opposite muscle in the middle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatopharyngeus_muscle

PV is manifested by suprabasal acantholysis, or blisters in the mucous membrane and blisters in the epidermis. PF patients have ... autoantibodies that target Dsg1 with superficial blisters on the epidermis with no mucous membrane issues. Both disease result ... Armadillo proteins are involved in mediating attachment to intracellular filaments and cell membrane proteins. Armadillo ... they are localized spot-like adhesions randomly arranged on the lateral sides of plasma membranes. Desmosomes are one of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmosome

... which is a fold of mucous membrane that guards the lower opening of the nasolacrimal duct. This membrane goes by other names, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Hasner

... is a commensal bacteria of mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and reproductive tract with a ... H. somni vaccines are usually killed cells or specific outer membrane proteins but have not been proven to be effective at ... It has been suggested that pathogenesis begins when the bacteria invades and crosses the pulmonary alveolar membrane or that it ... In serum resistant virulent strains, outer membrane proteins such as a sialic acid-modified lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histophilus_somni

In cold weather the mucus lining nasal passages tends to dry out, so that mucous membranes must work harder, producing more ... Over the course of a viral infection, sinusitis (the inflammation of the nasal tissue) may occur, causing the mucous membranes ... During these infections, the nasal mucous membranes produce excess mucus, filling the nasal cavities. This is to prevent ... Rhinorrhea is characterized by an excess amount of mucus produced by the mucous membranes that line the nasal cavities. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinorrhea

... lesions on the non-feathered parts of the body and in the fibrino-necrotic and proliferative lesions in the mucous membrane of ... Once attached the virus uncoats by first losing its outer membrane and then fusing with the cellular membrane so that its core ... They are now mature virions that are release from the cell by either lysing the cell or budding out from the membrane. It is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeypox_virus

Transmission of HIV Possibly Associated with Exposure of Mucous Membrane to Contaminated Blood In February 1996, transmission ... infected through mucous membrane exposure to the mans saliva that was contaminated by blood from his bleeding gums or exudate ... which suggests that the woman was infected through mucous membrane exposure to contaminated blood. * ... persons known to be infected with HIV should be educated about the rare possibility of HIV transmission through mucous membrane ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048364.htm

... refers to a group of rare chronic autoimmune blistering diseases that predominately affects the mucous membranes, including the ... encoded search term (Cicatricial (Mucous Membrane) Pemphigoid) and Cicatricial (Mucous Membrane) Pemphigoid What to Read Next ... Cicatricial (Mucous Membrane) Pemphigoid Treatment & Management. Updated: Oct 01, 2021 * Author: Manuel Valdebran, MD; Chief ... The management of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) requires a coordinated team approach. Specific consultations are dictated by ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1062534-treatment

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Mucous+Membrane&type=mesh

... refers to a group of rare chronic autoimmune blistering diseases that predominately affects the mucous membranes, including the ... encoded search term (Cicatricial (Mucous Membrane) Pemphigoid) and Cicatricial (Mucous Membrane) Pemphigoid What to Read Next ... Different epithelial membrane zone components have been recognized by antibodies in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid, ... Cicatricial (Mucous Membrane) Pemphigoid. Updated: Oct 01, 2021 * Author: Manuel Valdebran, MD; Chief Editor: Dirk M Elston, MD ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1062534-overview

The results indicate that emission from dental light curing units can affect the oral mucous membrane and may reduce its ... Scanning electron microscopic study of visible light curing effects on the oral mucous membrane ... The results indicate that emission from dental light curing units can affect the oral mucous membrane and may reduce its ... Scanning electron microscopic study of visible light curing effects on the oral mucous membrane ...

http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-3-1997/volume-3-issue-3/article17.html

The sampling device includes means for spraying or flushing the mucous membrane with a liquid, in order to release cells ... At present, cell samples are taken from the mucous membrane of the cervix uteri, by scraping the mucous membrane with a spatula ... dislodge a diagnostically adequate sample of cells from the mucous membrane by the impact of the liquid on the mucous membrane ... Justia Patents US Patent for Device for sampling cells from the mucous membrane of the cervix uteri Patent (Patent # 4,628,940 ...

https://patents.justia.com/patent/4628940

Pathological grading of esophagus mucous membrane in five groups". Group. n. Cases in different degrees of pathological grading ... Therapeutic effects of Tiaozhong Granule on esophagus mucous membrane in rats with mixed reflux esophagitis and the mechanisms ... Pathological changes of esophagus mucous membrane in five groups（HE staining, ×400） A: TZG-treated group; B: BXXXD-treated ... Results: Compared with the untreated group, pathological changes of esophagus mucous membrane were relieved in different ...

http://www.jcimjournal.com/EN/10.3736/jcim20080408

Skin and mucous membrane findings. Malar rash is a fixed erythema that typically spares the nasolabial folds. It is a butterfly ... Membranous lupus nephritis showing thickened glomerular basement membrane. International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology ... the first is a band-like deposit along the epidermal basement membrane ("lupus band test" is positive); the second is within ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/332244-19781/which-neuropsychiatric-syndromes-of-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-sle-have-been-identified-by-the-acr

... refers to a group of rare chronic autoimmune blistering diseases that predominately affects the mucous membranes, including the ... encoded search term (Cicatricial (Mucous Membrane) Pemphigoid) and Cicatricial (Mucous Membrane) Pemphigoid What to Read Next ... Different epithelial membrane zone components have been recognized by antibodies in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid, ... Cicatricial (Mucous Membrane) Pemphigoid. Updated: Oct 01, 2021 * Author: Manuel Valdebran, MD; Chief Editor: Dirk M Elston, MD ...

http://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/1062534-overview

... - [[t]mju͟ːkəs me̱mbreɪn[/t]] mucous membranes N COUNT A mucous membrane is skin that produces mucus to prevent ... Word forms mucous membrane : singular mucous membrane plural mucous membranes medical a thin layer of skin that covers some ... Mucous membrane. The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in ... The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus. ...

https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/43358

Skin and mucous membranes *Redness and pain of eyes and skin General *Dehydration ...

https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/ricin/toxidrome.asp

Local immunity in reproductive tract tissues : proceedings of a symposium on Local Immunity in Reproductive Tract Tissues, convened by the World Health Organization Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction and held at the National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India, on 26-30 November 1990 / edited by P. D. Griffin, P. M. Johnson. by Symposium on Local Immunity in Reproductive Tract Tissues (1990 : New Delhi, India) , Griffin, P. David , Johnson, P. M , WHO Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction.. Series: Scientific basis of fertility regulationMaterial type: ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BMucous%20membrane%7D

erythema or redness of skin or mucous membrane * hives * a skin rash ...

https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-3173-951/tylenol-cold-flu-oral/dextromethorphan-decongestant-acetaminophen-oral/details/list-sideeffects

Skin and Mucous Membranes: Pruritus, vaginitis, angioedema and rare instances of exfoliative dermatitis have been reported. ( ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a6a9634c-91c6-b9a8-e053-2a95a90a0bf9&audience=professional

You can check nanda diagnosis 00045 Impaired oral mucous membrane integrity updated 2022 and download it in PDF here ✓ ... Tissue integrity: skin and mucous membranes.. NIC. • Maintenance of oral health.. • Promote oral health.. • Pain management. ...

https://list.nandadiagnoses.com/impaired-oral-mucous-membrane-integrity/

Is sea buckthorn oil really one of the best allies to moisturize skin and mucous membranes? The answer is an all-round, yes.... ... Is sea buckthorn oil really one of the best allies to moisturize skin and mucous membranes?. The answer is an all-round, yes. ... Home / Healthy lifestyle / Is sea buckthorn oil really one of the best allies to moisturize skin and mucous membranes?. ... For some time now we are spreading the awareness about the goodness of oils treating the skin and mucous membranes, and more ...

https://www.vitaeinternational.com/sea-buckthorn-oil-really-one-best-allies-moisturize-skin-mucous-membranes/

Malignant melanoma of the skin and mucous membranes in Indians. Indian Journal of Cancer. 1966 Dec; 3(4): 228-54. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/49798

Mucosa is moist tissue that lines certain parts of the inside of your body. It is in your:

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002264.htm

Mucous Membranes As important as inhalation is as a potential route of exposure, inadvertent contact of fentanyls with the ... PPE: Given the potential risk of mucous membrane exposure, eye goggles, face shields, and mouth protection are part of all ... In dry form pharmaceutical fentanyl is not readily absorbed through epidermal skin but is absorbed through mucous membranes ... mucous membranes of the eye, nose or mouth presents an equivalent hazard. ...

https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/?p=10985

Mucous Membrane Manufacturers, Factory, Suppliers Mai Saina, Faamaoni nofo i luga mo le tautuaina oe mai le lata ane o le ... Mucous Membrane Disinfectant, Ituaiga II , Eriodine Pau & Mucous Membrane Disinfectant, Ituaiga Ⅲ, Pau & Mucous Membrane ... Mucous Membrane. Faamai pau ma mucous disinfectants e masani ona faaogaina mo le faamama o le pau ma le mucous membrane. ... E masani ona faʻaaogaina le faʻamaʻi pipisi o le mucous membrane e faʻamama ai le mucous membrane o le gutu ma le isu mucus, ...

http://sm.lirconmedical.com/skin-mucous-membrane/

Keep away from eyes and mucous membranes. If you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition, consult ...

https://www.youngliving.com/en_au/products/valor-essential-oil

The absorption of lidocaine and prilocaine cream applied to genital mucous membranes was studied in two open-label clinical ... Adult Female Patients-Genital Mucous Membranes. For minor procedures on the female external genitalia, such as removal of ... genital mucous membranes for superficial minor surgery and as pretreatment for infiltration anesthesia. ... Lidocaine and prilocaine cream applied to the genital mucous membranes for 5 to 10 minutes resulted in adequate topical ...

https://www.drugs.com/pro/prilovix-lite-cream.html

Skin and Mucous Membranes: Pruritus, vaginitis, angioedema and rare instances of exfoliative dermatitis have been reported. ( ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=fc2f2fe8-040a-4280-80fa-7f47ce63bb09&audience=consumer

Mucous membrane†. 6 (0.67). 3 (1.5). 0. Bone, joint. 14 (1.6). 2 (0.99). 3 (3.7). ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/7/17-2063-t1

Scanning electron microscopic study of visible light curing effects on the oral mucous membrane Ashour, Mohamed A.; ... Khounganian, Rita M. (‎1)‎SubjectGingiva (‎1)‎Microscopy, Electron, Scanning (‎1)‎Mucous Membrane (‎1)‎ Radiation (‎1)‎ ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/discover?filtertype_0=subject&filter_relational_operator_0=equals&filter_0=Radiation&filtertype=author&filter_relational_operator=equals&filter=Ashour%2C+Mohamed+A.

KAARTHIKEYAN, Gurumoorthy et al. Management of mucous membrane pemphigoid with dapsone plus weekly steroid injections in a ... PURPOSE: Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP) is an autoimmune subepithelial blistering disorder usually affecting older ...

http://revodonto.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1980-65232010000100020&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Avoidance Of Exposure To Eyes and Mucous Membranes. *Contact of SYNERA with the eyes should be avoided based on the findings of ... SYNERA is not recommended for use on mucous membranes or on areas with a compromised skin barrier because these uses have not ... Advise patients that SYNERA is not for use on mucous membranes or on areas with broken skin. ...

https://www.rxlist.com/synera-drug.htm

iv, ocular instillation, mucous membrane scarification. Virus serially passaged 7-8 times in calves by iv inoc. of blood. Fever ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Arbocat/VirusDetails.aspx?ID=184&SID=8

The goal of treatment in mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) (cicatricial pemphigoid) is to suppress extensive blister formation, promote healing, and prevent scarring. (medscape.com)
Patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) and ocular involvement require ongoing ophthalmologic care. (medscape.com)
The transfer of epithelial stem cells restored useful vision in these patients, including several patients with ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid. (medscape.com)
Care should be taken to control the inflammatory component of the disease before and immediately after surgery because patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid frequently experience flare-ups after surgery. (medscape.com)
The management of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) requires a coordinated team approach. (medscape.com)
The first international consensus on mucous membrane pemphigoid: definition, diagnostic criteria, pathogenic factors, medical treatment, and prognostic indicators. (medscape.com)
Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), also known as cicatricial pemphigoid, refers to a group of rare chronic autoimmune blistering diseases that predominately affect the mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva, and occasionally the skin. (medscape.com)
The first international consensus on mucous membrane pemphigoid was published in 2002. (medscape.com)
See the illustration below depicting ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid. (medscape.com)
Ocular manifestations of cicatricial pemphigoid (mucous membrane pemphigoid) include symblepharon, demonstrated in this photograph by the tethering of the lower lid to the cornea. (medscape.com)
Classification of mucous membrane pemphigoid patients has been difficult because some patients with other autoimmune blistering diseases, including bullous pemphigoid (BP), epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA),and anti-p200 pemphigoid, may have mucosal involvement. (medscape.com)
By direct immunofluorescence (DIF) study, antibodies bound in a linear band at the epidermal-dermal junction have been found in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), as depicted below. (medscape.com)
Different epithelial membrane zone components have been recognized by antibodies in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid, including BP antigens 1 and 2 (BP230 and BP180), laminin-332, laminin-311, type VII collagen, b4 integrin subunit, and antigens with unknown identities (a 45-kd protein, uncein, a 168-kd epithelial protein, and a 120-kd epithelial protein). (medscape.com)
Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is an autoimmune blistering disease associated with autoantibodies directed against basement membrane zone target antigens. (medscape.com)
The two major antigens associated with mucous membrane pemphigoid are BP180 and laminin-332. (medscape.com)
Patients with clinical features of mucous membrane pemphigoid may have antibodies directed against BP230 or type VII collagen. (medscape.com)
Patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid react with epitopes on BP180 distinct from those associated with BP and linear IgA bullous dermatosis, particularly the C-terminal of the protein. (medscape.com)
A subset of patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid reacts with laminin-332. (medscape.com)
Laminin-332 contains disulfide-linked alpha, beta, and gamma chains, of which the alpha subunit is the major site of mucous membrane pemphigoid reactivity. (medscape.com)
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP) is an autoimmune subepithelial blistering disorder usually affecting older individuals. (bvsalud.org)
After initiating the systemic corticosteroid therapy, the Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP) in a 9-year-old-boy suc- patient showed total regression of the lesions, and no indication cessfully treated with low doses of systemic corticosteroid. (bvsalud.org)
Oral manifestation of MMP is extremely rare in children5, with Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) constitutes a group just a few reports in the literature. (bvsalud.org)
A Case of Anti-BP180-type Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid with IgG and IgA Autoantibodies Showing Distinct Reactivities. (bvsalud.org)
Dear Editor, Mucous membrane pemphigoid ( MMP ) is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by erosive mucosal lesions mainly on the oral and ocular mucosae (1). (bvsalud.org)
Rapid effector function of circulating NC16A-specific T cells in individuals with mucous membrane pemphigoid. (ox.ac.uk)
BACKGROUND: Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a chronic blistering skin disease frequently associated with circulating autoantibodies directed to a number of antigens including the NC16A region of BP180. (ox.ac.uk)

Tissue integrity: skin and mucous membranes. (nandadiagnoses.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Malignant melanoma of the skin and mucous membranes in Indians. (who.int)
Home / Healthy lifestyle / Is sea buckthorn oil really one of the best allies to moisturize skin and mucous membranes? (vitaeinternational.com)
For some time now we are spreading the awareness about the goodness of oils treating the skin and mucous membranes, and more specifically sea buckthorn oil, is one of our favourites. (vitaeinternational.com)
Nourishing and moisturizing the skin and mucous membranes of the whole body, from the inside out, and thus not only remaining in the outer layers. (vitaeinternational.com)
Silver can enter your body through your mouth, mucus membranes, or skin. (healthline.com)
Dipheroids are usually regarded as skin or mucous membrane commensals. (bmj.com)
Auto-immune Bullous Diseases (AIBD) are all bullous diseases in which the lesions observed are the consequence of the fixation of autoantibodies directed against constituents of the skin and/or mucous membranes of the patient. (aphp.fr)
Autoimmune pemphigus is a bullous disease of the skin and mucous membranes (mouth, internal genitalia, anus, etc.) in which the body produces antibodies against its own skin and/or mucous membranes (autoantibodies) as a result of an immune system dysfunction. (aphp.fr)
The person can become infected if T. cruzi parasites in the bug feces enter the body through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin. (news-medical.net)
Yeast infections are usually caused by Candida albicans , a fungus that many of us carry harmlessly on our skin and mucous membranes. (cdc.gov)
The most common condition associated with elevated levels is jaundice (a clinical sign of hyperbilirubinaemia), characterised by the yellow colouring of skin, mucous membranes and sclera 3 . (randox.com)
A bluish color to the skin or mucous membrane is usually due to a lack of oxygen in the blood. (adam.com)
Keeps skin and mucous membrane cells healthy. (inlivo.com)
It helps to maintain healthy skin and mucous membranes. (fellowmagazine.com)
Inspection of the skin/mucous membranes. (bvsalud.org)

Inhalation causes irritation of mucous membranes. (lookchem.com)
The results of a study examining subjective assessments of sources of odor and mucous membrane irritation provided by workers in four office buildings occupied by the United States Federal Government including the Madison Building of the Library of Congress (LOC) were presented. (cdc.gov)

Intense redness occurs, the mucous membrane is swollen, the tongue is coated, and the lips are slightly enlarged. (lysobact.ba)
It acts on mucous membranes, reducing swelling, itching and redness. (lwtinternational.com)

The good function of your nose relies on the inside of your nose - the mucous membrane lining. (drnaturalhealing.com)
It Keeps The Delicate Mucous Membranes Of The Mouth, Nose, Throat And Lungs Moist And Improves The Function Of These Organs. (contentteamonline.com)
The acrid odors given off during the heating of fat are very irritating to the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, and they are equally so to a sensitive stomach. (chestofbooks.com)
Your mouth, nose and eyes have mucous membranes that are potentially receptive to these organisms. (ted.com)

iv, ocular instillation, mucous membrane scarification. (cdc.gov)

The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and glands is termed mucus . (en-academic.com)
The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus. (en-academic.com)
Mucous membranes contain millions of cells called goblet cells, which secrete a fluid containing mucus . (meddict.org)

Upon proctoscopic examination by 1 medical practitioner, patients were designated into 2 groups: 1 group with mucous membrane abnormalities (MMA+, n = 44) when mucopurulent anal discharge or bloody, ulcerative rectal lesions were found, and 1 group without MMA (MMA-, n = 30) when those symptoms were not found. (cdc.gov)

e talafeagai mo le fa'ama'i atoatoa pa'u , lima, ma mucous membranes.Fa'amama fa'ama'i mucosal na'o le fa'atapula'aina a'o le'i ma ina ua mae'a su'esu'ega ma togafitiga ile Fa'alapotopotoga Fa'afoma'i ma le Soifua Maloloina. (lirconmedical.com)
The precise cause of aphthous ulceration is unknown, but studies point to a defect in regulation of cellular immunity that results in increased T-cell reactivity to either mucous membrane keratinocytes or microorganisms on the mucosal surface. (logicalimages.com)

La mucosa, rica en vasos linfáticos y sanguíneos, comprende un epitelio interno, una capa media (lámina propia) de TEJIDO CONECTIVO y una capa externa (muscularis mucosae) de CÉLULAS MUSCULARES LISAS que separa la mucosa de la submucosa. (bvsalud.org)

Mucous membranes are found in our soft tissue areas - the throat, lips and eyes, for example. (fullcirclevitalitygroup.com)
A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane and are commonly found in the colon. (southernregional.org)
These fluids must come in contact with a mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected into the bloodstream (from a needle or syringe) for transmission to occur. (cdc.gov)

The mucous membrane of the mouth can be damaged by various chemicals (acids and bases). (lysobact.ba)
Stomatitis is a disease that affects the entire mucous membrane of the mouth, including the gums. (lysobact.ba)
If the bacterium is the cause of the inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, the therapy is antibiotic as a therapy against the cause itself. (lysobact.ba)

Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. (medicinenet.com)
Keep away from eyes & mucous membranes. (apothecary-shoppe.com)
Do not apply on eyes and mucous membranes. (aloepluslanzarote.com)
Do not get in eyes and mucous membranes. (detroitk9.com)
do not spray in eyes and mucous membranes. (detroitk9.com)

Pathological changes of esophagus mucous membrane were observed by using HE staining. (jcimjournal.com)
Compared with the untreated group, pathological changes of esophagus mucous membrane were relieved in different degrees in TZG-treated group, BXXXD-treated group and cisapride-treated group. (jcimjournal.com)
Tiaozhong Granule can treat mixed reflux esophagitis in rats, and its action mechanisms may be associated with decreasing the expressions of PCNA and p53 in esophagus mucous membrane, reducing the content of MDA and increasing the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum. (jcimjournal.com)
In reality, the nerve also has a role in supplying parts of the heart, windpipe muscles and mucous membranes, and the esophagus, which could explain its route. (scienceblogs.com)

A pterygium is a growth of the conjunctiva or mucous membrane on the cornea. (medium.com)

The oral mucous membrane is part of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract and coats the oral cavity, and changes in it are also an indicator of many other diseases. (lysobact.ba)
Our entire digestive system is a mucous membrane and houses the majority of our immune system! (fullcirclevitalitygroup.com)

The urethra is also a mucous membrane. (en-academic.com)

The mucous membrane lining the interior of the nasal cavity extends through the little pathways of communication to line the accessory sinuses, so that it is easy for disease to spread from the nasal passages into the nasal sinuses and vice versa. (drnaturalhealing.com)
The nasal mucous membrane is very richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves. (drnaturalhealing.com)
The post Your Mucous Membrane of Nasal Cavity appeared first on Dr Natural Healing . (drnaturalhealing.com)

Direct immunofluorescence showed linear depositions of IgG , IgA , and C3 at the epithelial basement membrane zone (Figure 1, e-g). (bvsalud.org)

  Oral Aphthous ulcers, or aphthae (canker sores), are the most common cause of recurring ulcers of the mucous membranes. (logicalimages.com)

The name pituitary, meaning "phlegm-producing," is applied to this membrane, because it is supplied with numerous minute glands that open on its free surface, some of which create the ever-present secretions. (drnaturalhealing.com)
The glands are of two kinds: mucous, which secrete a substance of a viscoid mucilaginous character, and serous glands, which secrete a thin watery fluid. (drnaturalhealing.com)

Systemic corticosteroids are usually ear deposition of IgG, IgA, or C3 along the epithelial basement avoided in treating young patients having MMP with oral le- membrane zone (BMZ)1, resulting from the formation of anti- sions, because of their serious side effects. (bvsalud.org)

Mucous membranes typically are affected first in pemphigus vulgaris. (medscape.com)
The mucous membranes most often affected in pemphigus vulgaris are those of the oral cavity, which is involved in almost all patients with pemphigus vulgaris and sometimes is the only area involved. (medscape.com)

The active components of Lysobact ® act against inflammatory agents (bacteria, viruses, and fungi), relieve symptoms, alleviate the inflammatory process, and help heal damaged oral and throat mucous membranes. (lysobact.ba)
Lysobact ® protects the oral and throat mucous membranes and strengthens the local immune response. (lysobact.ba)

Lowers inflammation, helps cool infections of the mucous membranes. (urbandictionary.com)

Moreover, a sample which has been taken by scraping with a spatula will contain secretion and mucous, which makes it difficult to examine the sample under a microscope. (justia.com)

In addition to infection as the main cause, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity can be a symptom of a disease or it can be caused by allergies or some irritating factors. (lysobact.ba)

Marked Expansion Case 1 A29-year-old Japanese woman underwent a cesarean sec- of T-Cell-Receptor tion at a private clinic after premature membrane rupture. (cdc.gov)

The sampling device includes means for spraying or flushing the mucous membrane with a liquid, in order to release cells therefrom, and a container for collecting the liquid together with cells suspended therein. (justia.com)
The present invention relates to a device for sampling cells from the mucous membrane of the cervix uteri, said device including means for spraying or flushing the mucous membrance with liquid so as to release cells therefrom, and a container for collecting the liquid with said cells suspended therein. (justia.com)
An object of the present invention is to provide a device by means of which the aforementioned disadvantages relating to the sampling of cells from the mucous membrane of the cervix uteri can be overcome. (justia.com)

My daughter made me chuckle recently as I was explaining why a certain supplement would help keep her daughter's (my sweet granddaughter, Lilly) mucous membranes supple and healthy. (fullcirclevitalitygroup.com)
While this is a shameless plug and chance to show off my granddaughter, it really IS true that it is essential to keep your mucous membranes healthy, nourished, and working properly. (fullcirclevitalitygroup.com)
How can you keep your membranes healthy and functioning? (fullcirclevitalitygroup.com)
Keeping your mucous membranes healthy will go a long way toward your personal health! (fullcirclevitalitygroup.com)

Here we report 32 patients with, and 13 patients without, mucous membrane abnormalities in MSM with confirmed LGV in 2002-2003. (cdc.gov)
Serum samples from these patients, taken at consultation and stored at -20°C, were used to measure C. trachomatis -specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G. This C. trachomatis -IgG peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pELISA) (Medac Diagnostika mbH, Hamburg, Germany) is based on a synthetic peptide from an immunodominant region of the major outer membrane protein and was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions, as described previously ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)

The results indicate that emission from dental light curing units can affect the oral mucous membrane and may reduce its functional abilities. (who.int)

Anatomy39

Organisms6

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes29

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science4

Health Care6

Explanations for the clinical and microscopic localization of lesions in pemphigus foliaceus and vulgaris. (1/2167)

Regulation and function of family 1 and family 2 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes (UGT1A, UGT2B) in human oesophagus. (2/2167)

Invasion of human mucosal epithelial cells by Neisseria gonorrhoeae upregulates expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). (3/2167)

Clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis from the murine genital mucosa does not require perforin-mediated cytolysis or Fas-mediated apoptosis. (4/2167)

Langerhans cells in the human oesophagus. (5/2167)

Oesophageal epithelial innervation in health and reflux oesophagitis. (6/2167)

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency and fluorouracil-related toxicity. (7/2167)

Mucin expression and function in the female reproductive tract. (8/2167)

Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane

Mucous Membrane

Mouth Mucosa

Pemphigus

Mouth Diseases

Lip Diseases

Desmoglein 3

Pemphigoid, Bullous

Membranes

Membrane Lipids

Cell Membrane

Rhinosporidiosis

Intracellular Membranes

Stomatitis

Membrane Potentials

Gingival Diseases

Oral Ulcer

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Membranes, Artificial

Rhinosporidium

Lichen Planus, Oral

Skin Diseases, Genetic

Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous

Erythema Multiforme

Lipoid Proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe

Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous

Conjunctival Diseases

Granuloma, Pyogenic

Eye Diseases

Lichen Planus

Erythrocyte Membrane

Membrane Fluidity

Acantholysis

Impetigo

Desmoglein 1

Conjunctiva

Skin

Blister

Nasal Mucosa

Scleritis

Laryngeal Diseases

Cell Membrane Permeability

Basement Membrane

Skin Diseases

Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional

Autoantibodies

Dog Diseases

Membrane Transport Proteins

Plasma Cells

Membrane Glycoproteins

Rabbits

Lipid Bilayers

Occupational Exposure

Dogs

Mitochondrial Membranes

Time Factors

Intestinal Mucosa

Microscopy, Electron

Protein Transport

Synaptic Membranes

Fatal Outcome

Occupational Diseases

Cell Line

Liposomes

Protein Binding

Calcium

Models, Biological

Cell Fractionation

Immunosuppressive Agents

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Carrier Proteins

Extraembryonic Membranes

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Detergents

Immunoglobulin G

Escherichia coli

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Phosphatidylcholines

Cells, Cultured