Kinesin: A microtubule-associated mechanical adenosine triphosphatase, that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move organelles along microtubules toward the plus end of the microtubule. The protein is found in squid axoplasm, optic lobes, and in bovine brain. Bovine kinesin is a heterotetramer composed of two heavy (120 kDa) and two light (62 kDa) chains. EC 3.6.1.-.Microtubules: Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.Motor Neurons: Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.Molecular Motor Proteins: Proteins that are involved in or cause CELL MOVEMENT such as the rotary structures (flagellar motor) or the structures whose movement is directed along cytoskeletal filaments (MYOSIN; KINESIN; and DYNEIN motor families).Evoked Potentials, Motor: The electrical response evoked in a muscle or motor nerve by electrical or magnetic stimulation. Common methods of stimulation are by transcranial electrical and TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION. It is often used for monitoring during neurosurgery.Motor Cortex: Area of the FRONTAL LOBE concerned with primary motor control located in the dorsal PRECENTRAL GYRUS immediately anterior to the central sulcus. It is comprised of three areas: the primary motor cortex located on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain; the premotor cortex located anterior to the primary motor cortex; and the supplementary motor area located on the midline surface of the hemisphere anterior to the primary motor cortex.Motor Activity: The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.Movement: The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.Dyneins: A family of multisubunit cytoskeletal motor proteins that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to power a variety of cellular functions. Dyneins fall into two major classes based upon structural and functional criteria.Microtubule Proteins: Proteins found in the microtubules.Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.Motor Skills Disorders: Marked impairments in the development of motor coordination such that the impairment interferes with activities of daily living. (From DSM-V)Microtubule-Associated Proteins: High molecular weight proteins found in the MICROTUBULES of the cytoskeletal system. Under certain conditions they are required for TUBULIN assembly into the microtubules and stabilize the assembled microtubules.Axonal Transport: The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS. Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, pG3)Tubulin: A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM; CILIA; and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE; VINCRISTINE; and VINBLASTINE.beta-Hexosaminidase beta Chain: The beta subunit of hexosaminidase A and hexosamininidase B. Mutations in the gene that encodes this protein are linked to SANDHOFF DISEASE and can result in loss of both hexosaminidase A activity and hexosaminidase B activity.Motor Neuron Disease: Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)Drosophila: A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.Axons: Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.Kinetochores: Large multiprotein complexes that bind the centromeres of the chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle during metaphase in the cell cycle.Spindle Apparatus: A microtubule structure that forms during CELL DIVISION. It consists of two SPINDLE POLES, and sets of MICROTUBULES that may include the astral microtubules, the polar microtubules, and the kinetochore microtubules.Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.Anaphase: The phase of cell nucleus division following METAPHASE, in which the CHROMATIDS separate and migrate to opposite poles of the spindle.Cryoelectron Microscopy: Electron microscopy involving rapid freezing of the samples. The imaging of frozen-hydrated molecules and organelles permits the best possible resolution closest to the living state, free of chemical fixatives or stains.Dimerization: The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.Models, Molecular: Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.PDZ Domains: Protein interaction domains of about 70-90 amino acid residues, named after a common structure found in PSD-95, Discs Large, and Zona Occludens 1 proteins. PDZ domains are involved in the recruitment and interaction of proteins, and aid the formation of protein scaffolds and signaling networks. This is achieved by sequence-specific binding between a PDZ domain in one protein and a PDZ motif in another protein.Two-Hybrid System Techniques: Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter: A plasma membrane exchange glycoprotein transporter that functions in intracellular pH regulation, cell volume regulation, and cellular response to many different hormones and mitogens.Nerve Tissue ProteinsAmino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIa: An electrogenic sodium-dependent phosphate transporter. It is present primarily in BRUSH BORDER membranes of PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES.Melanesia: The collective name for the islands of the Pacific Ocean northeast of Australia, including NEW CALEDONIA; VANUATU; New Hebrides, Solomon Islands, Admiralty Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, FIJI, etc. Melanesia (from the Greek melas, black + nesos, island) is so called from the black color of the natives who are generally considered to be descended originally from the Negroid Papuans and the Polynesians or Malays. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p748 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p344)Plants, Genetically Modified: PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.Russia (Pre-1917)Ketocholesterols: Cholesterol substituted in any position by a keto moiety. The 7-keto isomer inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and inhibits cholesterol uptake in the coronary arteries and aorta in vitro.Actins: Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.Brain Injuries: Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.Intracranial Hypertension: Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.Cerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Leishmania donovani: A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). The sandfly genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are the vectors.Leishmaniasis, Visceral: A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.Leishmania: A genus of flagellate protozoa comprising several species that are pathogenic for humans. Organisms of this genus have an amastigote and a promastigote stage in their life cycles. As a result of enzymatic studies this single genus has been divided into two subgenera: Leishmania leishmania and Leishmania viannia. Species within the Leishmania leishmania subgenus include: L. aethiopica, L. arabica, L. donovani, L. enrietti, L. gerbilli, L. hertigi, L. infantum, L. major, L. mexicana, and L. tropica. The following species are those that compose the Leishmania viannia subgenus: L. braziliensis, L. guyanensis, L. lainsoni, L. naiffi, and L. shawi.Hypersensitivity, Delayed: An increased reactivity to specific antigens mediated not by antibodies but by cells.Th1 Cells: Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.Myosins: A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.Play Therapy: A treatment technique utilizing play as a medium for expression and communication between patient and therapist.BrazilComputer-Assisted Instruction: A self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials.Myosin Type V: A subclass of myosin involved in organelle transport and membrane targeting. It is abundantly found in nervous tissue and neurosecretory cells. The heavy chains of myosin V contain unusually long neck domains that are believed to aid in translocating molecules over large distances.
KIF3AKinesin-like protein KIF3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIF3A gene. KIF3A is one subunit of the heterotrimeric motor protein, kinesin-2, that was initially isolated from sea urchin egg/embryo cytosol using microtubule affinity purification. This motor consists of two kinesin-related subunits (called KIF3A and KIF3B or 3C in vertebrates) and an associated protein (KAP3), and it transports protein complexes, nucleic acids and organelles towards the "plus" ends of microtubule tracks within cells. Work done in a broad range of eukaryotic cells has revealed that heterotrimeric kinesin-2 is the primary motor protein driving the intra-flagellar transport of tubulins and other axonemal building blocks from the base of the ciliary/flagellar axoneme to their site of assembly at the distal tips. This process is required for cilium assembly/maintenance and cilium-based signalling which ...
Ang estrok o istrok (gikan sa Iningles nga stroke) gitawag sa medisina isip cerebrovascular accident (CVA) mao ang paspas nga pagkawala sa gamit sa utok (brain functions) tungod sa disturbo sa mga ugat nga misuplay og dugo sa utok. Puyde nga naggumikan kini sa ischemia (kakulangan sa blad suplay) tungod sa thrombosis o embolism, o kaha tungod sa hemorej (hemorrhage). Sa medisina, ang estrok, fit, o pagkalipong usahay gireper isip ictus [cerebri], gikan sa Latin nga icere ("to strike"), bag-o maghatag og ensaktong diagnosis.. Ang estrok usa ka medikal nga emergensi ug makaresulta sa permanenteng pagguba nga neurolohikal, komplikasyon ug kamatayon kon dili dayon kini nadiyagnos ug natambalan. Kini ang ikatulo nga butang nga ikamatay ug nahiuna nga rason sa adult disability sa Estados Unidos ug sa Uropa. Gipredik nga ang estrok maoy mahimong numero unong sakit nga ikamatay sa tibuok kalibotan. Ang mga risgo niini mao ang katigulangan, alta presyon (high blood pressure), transient ischaemic attack ...
... consists of many pre-existing towns and villages, as well as new infill developments. The designated area outside the four main towns (Bletchley, Newport Pagnell, Stony Stratford, Wolverton) was largely rural farmland but included many picturesque North Buckinghamshire villages and hamlets: Bradwell village and its Abbey, Broughton, Caldecotte, Fenny Stratford, Great Linford, Loughton, Milton Keynes Village, New Bradwell, Shenley Brook End, Shenley Church End, Simpson, Stantonbury, Tattenhoe, Tongwell, Walton, Water Eaton, Wavendon, Willen, Great and Little Woolstone, Woughton on the Green. The historical settlements have been focal points for the modern development of the new town. Every grid square has historical antecedents, if only in the field names. The more obvious ones are listed below and most have more detailed articles. Bletchley was first recorded in the 12th century as Blechelai. Its station was a major Victorian junction (the London and North Western Railway with the ...
... consists of many pre-existing towns and villages, as well as new infill developments. The designated area outside the four main towns (Bletchley, Newport Pagnell, Stony Stratford, Wolverton) was largely rural farmland but included many picturesque North Buckinghamshire villages and hamlets: Bradwell village and its Abbey, Broughton, Caldecotte, Fenny Stratford, Great Linford, Loughton, Milton Keynes Village, New Bradwell, Shenley Brook End, Shenley Church End, Simpson, Stantonbury, Tattenhoe, Tongwell, Walton, Water Eaton, Wavendon, Willen, Great and Little Woolstone, Woughton on the Green. The historical settlements have been focal points for the modern development of the new town. Every grid square has historical antecedents, if only in the field names. The more obvious ones are listed below and most have more detailed articles. Bletchley was first recorded in the 12th century as Blechelai. Its station was a major Victorian junction (the London and North Western Railway with the ...
Espesye sa banaog ang Aaptos niger[1]. Una ning gihulagway ni Kazuo Hoshino ni adtong 1981. Ang Aaptos niger sakop sa kahenera nga Aaptos sa kabanay nga Suberitidae.[2][3]. Kini nga matang hayop na sabwag sa Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone.[2] Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya.[2]. ...
Ranije su jezici tai-kadai, hmong-mijen i vijetnamski uvrštavani u ovu grupu. Iako imaju fonoloških i sintaksičkih sličnosti sa sino-tibetanskim jezicima, od 1950-ih većina lingvista prve dve grupe posmatra kao posebne porodice, dok vijetnamski smatra jednim od austroazijskih jezika. Kineska grana jezika se koristi širom Kine i na Tajvanu, tibeto-burmanski jezici se govore u oblasti Himalaja i obližnjim oblastima Jugoistočne Azije, pre svega na Tibetu, južnoj Kini, Burmi, Nepalu, Butanu, severnoj Indiji i delovima Pakistana, Bangladeša, Laosa, Vijetnama i Tajlanda. Najveći jezik iz ove porodice je mandarinski kineski koji govori 875 miliona ljudi. Slede vu kineski (80 miliona), kantonski kineski (70 miliona), min kineski (60 miliona), đin kineski (45 miliona), sjang kineski (36 miliona), hakka kineski (33 miliona) i gan kineski (21 miliona). Najveći tibetsko-burmanski jezici su burmanski (35 miliona kao prvi jezik i 15 miliona drugih govornika), južnokineski jezik ji (4,2 miliona), ...
Espesye sa balili ang Arberella dressleri[1]. Una ning gihulagway ni Thomas Robert Soderstrom ug C.E.Calderon. Ang Arberella dressleri sakop sa kahenera nga Arberella sa kabanay nga Poaceae.[2][3] Kini nga matang hayop na sabwag sa Panamá.[2] Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya.[2] ...
Oaris will be a non-articulated electric multiple unit with distributed traction, enabling 4-car, 6-car and 8-car configurations.[4] Each car will have one powered bogie, with electric motors on both wheelsets, and one unpowered bogie.[5] Power equipment will be designed to enable adaptation to all four of the main overhead electrification systems in use across Europe. For the train, running gear with 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) (standard gauge), 1,668 mm (5 ft 5 21⁄32 in) (Iberian gauge) and variable gauge options is developed.[5]. Oaris bodyshells will be manufactured from aluminium.[4] The driving end cars will be 26,780 mm (87 ft 10 in) long, middle cars 24,780 mm (81 ft 4 in) long, an 8-car set will be 202.24 m (663 ft 6 in) long.. The train will be fitted with 660 kW (890 hp) motors, giving a total power of 5,280 kW (7,080 hp) in the 4-car, 7,920 kW (10,620 hp) in the 6-car, and 10,560 kW (14,160 hp) in the 8-car configuration. Design speed is 350 km/h (220 mph), planned ...
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In cell biology, the spindle apparatus (or mitotic spindle) refers to the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells. It is referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis, a process that produces genetically identical daughter cells, or the meiotic spindle during meiosis, a process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Besides chromosomes, the spindle apparatus is composed of hundreds of proteins. Microtubules comprise the most abundant components of the machinery. Attachment of microtubules to chromosomes is mediated by kinetochores, which actively monitor spindle formation and prevent premature anaphase onset. Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization dynamics drive chromosome congression. Depolymerization of microtubules generates tension at kinetochores; bipolar attachment of sister kinetochores to microtubules emanating from opposite cell poles couples ...
A mitotic inhibitor is a drug that inhibits mitosis, or cell division. These drugs disrupt microtubules, which are structures that pull the chromosomes apart when a cell divides. Mitotic inhibitors are used in cancer treatment, because cancer cells are able to grow and eventually spread through the body (metastasize) through continuous mitotic division. Thus, cancer cells are more sensitive to inhibition of mitosis than normal cells. Mitotic inhibitors are also used in cytogenetics (the study of chromosomes), where they stop cell division at a stage where chromosomes can be easily examined. Mitotic inhibitors are derived from natural substances such as plant alkaloids, and prevent cells from undergoing mitosis by disrupting microtubule polymerization, thus preventing cancerous growth. Microtubules are long, ropelike proteins that extend through the cell and move cellular components around. Microtubules are long polymers made of smaller units (monomers) of the protein tubulin. Microtubules are ...
Hartman, J.J., Mahr, J., McNally, K., Okawa, K., Iwamatsu, A., Thomas, S., Cheesman, S., Heuser, J., Vale, R.D. and McNally, F.J. (1998). „Katanin, a microtubule-severing protein, is a novel AAA ATPase that targets to the centrosome using a WD40-containing subunit". Cell. 93: 277-287. PMID 9568719 ...
Lucas FR، Goold RG، Gordon-Weeks PR، Salinas PC (1998). "Inhibition of GSK-3beta leading to the loss of phosphorylated MAP-1B is an early event in axonal remodelling induced by WNT-7a or lithium". J. Cell Sci. 111 ( Pt 10) (10): 1351-61. PMID 9570753. ...
Kinesin motor domain (IPR001752). Short name: Kinesin_motor_dom Overlapping homologous superfamilies *P-loop containing ... Motor proteins 1: kinesins.. null 2 1105-71 1995. Endow SA. The emerging kinesin family of microtubule motor proteins.. Trends ... Motor proteins 1: kinesins.. null 2 1105-71 1995. Vallee RB, Shpetner HS. Motor proteins of cytoplasmic microtubules.. Annu. ... The kinesin motor activity is directed toward the microtubules plus end. Kinesin is an oligomeric complex composed of two ...
Kinesins are molecular motors that transport various cargoes along microtubule tracks using energy derived from ATP hydrolysis ... Although the motor domains of kinesins are structurally similar, the ... ... Although the motor domains of kinesins are structurally similar, the family contains members that move on microtubules in ... Kinesins are molecular motors that transport various cargoes along microtubule tracks using energy derived from ATP hydrolysis ...
Molecular crowding creates traffic jams of kinesin motors on microtubules | PNASThus we could describe these properties of kinesin-1 (and other transport motors such as kinesin-2, ref. 27, and kinesin-3, ... almost all the motor-binding sites on a microtubule can be occupied if the kinesin-1 (17, 18), kinesin-3 (15), or kinesin-8 (19 ... The slowing provides direct evidence for motor-motor interactions on the microtubule lattice. Further evidence for motor-motor ... To understand how individual motors behave in crowded environments, we used the motor protein Kip3 (in the kinesin-8 family) as ...
Kinesin motor protein - Stock Image F009/6428 - Science Photo LibraryKinesin motor proteins transport vesicles containing intracellular cargo around the cell along microtubules. - Stock Image F009 ... Caption: Kinesin motor protein, molecular model. Kinesin motor proteins transport vesicles containing intracellular cargo ... kinesin, kinesin molecular motor protein, medical, medical illustration, medicine, model, molecular, molecular model, molecular ... structure, molecule, motor protein, no-one, nobody, protein, proteomics, research, strand, structure, tertiary structure ...
Kinesin Mutations Cause Motor Neuron Disease Phenotypes by Disrupting Fast Axonal Transport in Drosophila | GeneticsKinesin Mutations Cause Motor Neuron Disease Phenotypes by Disrupting Fast Axonal Transport in Drosophila. Daryl D. Hurd and ... Kinesin Mutations Cause Motor Neuron Disease Phenotypes by Disrupting Fast Axonal Transport in Drosophila. Daryl D. Hurd and ... Kinesin Mutations Cause Motor Neuron Disease Phenotypes by Disrupting Fast Axonal Transport in Drosophila. Daryl D. Hurd and ... Previous work has shown that mutation of the gene that encodes the microtubule motor subunit kinesin heavy chain (Khc) in ...
Kinesin is a motor protein that moves along microtubule filaments in cells. It does so by forming a dimer, the heads of which ... The structure modelled here is based on studies of this kinesin in the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus). - Stock Image C025/2151 ... Caption: Kinesin motor protein, molecular model. Kinesin is a motor protein that moves along microtubule filaments in cells. It ... kinesin, kinesin motor and neck domain, molecular, molecular biology, molecular model, molecular structure, molecule, monomer, ...
The Kinesin Motor KIF3A Is a Component of the Presynaptic Ribbon in Vertebrate Photoreceptors | Journal of Neurosciencekinesin-related motor KIF3A. Kinesins constitute a large family of microtubule motor proteins that convert the energy of ATP ... Differential distribution of kinesin motors in the mammalian retina. To identify kinesins expressed in the retina, we ... Previous studies have shown that the kinesin polypeptide KIF3A, a component of the microtubule motor kinesin II (Scholey, 1996 ... The Kinesin Motor KIF3A Is a Component of the Presynaptic Ribbon in Vertebrate Photoreceptors. Virgil Muresan, Asya Lyass and ...
Analysis of kinesin motor function at budding yeast kinetochores | JCBKip3p, a kinesin-8,-13/KinI kinesin, synchronizes poleward kinetochore movement during anaphase A. The kinesin-14 motor Kar3p ... kinesin-5 family members), Kip3p (a kinesin-8,-13/KinI motor), and Kar3p (a minus-end directed kinesin-14) have the potential ... Cin8p and Kip1p are members of the kinesin-5 family of plus end-directed motors (BimC motors; Dagenbach and Endow, 2004) that ... Because many kinesin-13 motors play a role in the poleward movement of chromatids, we asked whether KIP3 deletion would alter ...
A Processive Single-Headed Motor: Kinesin Superfamily Protein KIF1A | SciencePrevious reports on the single-motor assay of conventional kinesin (4) use mean run-length of the motor as the index of the ... and that a single-headed kinesin could not move processively. Here, a motor-domain construct of KIF1A, a single-headed kinesin ... construct DmK351 made from Drosophilaconventional kinesin (4, 6). The catalytic core of the conventional kinesin motor domain ... A single kinesin molecule has two heads or motor domains (1) and moves processively (2-4), taking more than 100 steps before ...
SimTK: Structural Dynamics of Kinesin Motor protein during ATP hydrolysisTo see if the motor can be arrested in a particular configuration by the help of a ligand, so that it becomes dysfunctional and ...
Drosophila KAP interacts with the kinesin II motor subunit KLP64D to assemble chordotonal sensory cilia, but not sperm tails. ...Kinesin associated protein (KAP) is identified as the non-motor accessory subunit of Kinesin II, but its role in the ... Drosophila KAP interacts with the kinesin II motor subunit KLP64D to assemble chordotonal sensory cilia, but not sperm tails.. ... Mutations in Klp64D, which codes for a Kinesin II motor subunit in Drosophila, show similar ciliary defects. All these defects ... Kinesin II-mediated anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) is essential for the assembly and maintenance of flagella and ...
We have isolated a human homolog of Xenopus Eg5, a kinesin-related motor protein implicated in the assembly and dynamics of the ... Phosphorylation by p34cdc2 regulates spindle association of human Eg5, a kinesin-related motor essential for bipolar spindle ... indicating that phosphorylation controls the association of this motor with the spindle apparatus. These results indicate that ...
Functional Analysis of Mouse Kinesin Motor Kif3C | Molecular and Cellular BiologyFunctional Analysis of Mouse Kinesin Motor Kif3C Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Molecular and ... Functional Analysis of Mouse Kinesin Motor Kif3C. Zhaohuai Yang, Elizabeth A. Roberts, Lawrence S. B. Goldstein ... One distinguishing feature of kinesin II is that it generally contains two different motor subunits from the Kif3 family. Three ... Members of the kinesin II family are thought to play essential roles in many types of intracellular transport. ...
Biochemical, genetic, and intracellular localization studies of kinesin motors have suggested that some of these motor proteins ... 1996) Kinesin-II, a membrane traffic motor in axons, axonemes, and spindles. J. Cell Biol. 133:1-4. ... Functional Analysis of Mouse Kinesin Motor Kif3C Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Molecular and ... Functional Analysis of Mouse Kinesin Motor Kif3C. Zhaohuai Yang, Elizabeth A. Roberts, Lawrence S. B. Goldstein ...
Addgene: Kinesin's tail domain is an inhibitory regulator of the motor domain.Kinesins tail domain is an inhibitory regulator of the motor domain. Coy DL, Hancock WO, Wagenbach M, Howard J. Nat Cell Biol ...
Nuclear Positioning Requires a Tug-of-War between Kinesin Motors | Plant Cell2018). Kinesins and myosins: molecular motors that coordinate cellular functions in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 69: 329-361. ... Nuclear Positioning Requires a Tug-of-War between Kinesin Motors Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from Plant ... Nuclear Positioning Requires a Tug-of-War between Kinesin Motors. Robert C. Augustine ... a motor that is absent from land plant lineages. How plants fill this void remains an open question. While the plant kinesin- ...
RCSB PDB - 4AQV: Model of human kinesin-5 motor domain (3HQD) and mammalian tubulin heterodimer (1JFF) docked into the 9.7...... docked into the 9.7-angstrom cryo-EM map of microtubule-bound kinesin-5 motor domain in the AMPPPNP state. ... Model of human kinesin-5 motor domain (3HQD) and mammalian tubulin heterodimer (1JFF) ... The Structural Basis of Force Generation by the Mitotic Motor Kinesin-5.. Goulet, A., Behnke-Parks, W.M., Sindelar, C.V., Major ... Model of human kinesin-5 motor domain (3HQD) and mammalian tubulin heterodimer (1JFF) docked into the 9.7-angstrom cryo-EM map ...
... a member of the UNC-104/KIF1 family of kinesin motors (for review, see Bloom, 2001), was originally reported as a motor ... 2000) Kinesin superfamily motor protein KIF17 and mLin-10 in NMDA receptor-containing vesicle transport. Science 288:1796-1802. ... The kinesin superfamily (KIF) motors mediate microtubule-dependent transport of a variety of organelles and vesicles (Goldstein ... Association of the Kinesin Superfamily Motor Protein KIF1Bα with Postsynaptic Density-95 (PSD-95), Synapse-Associated Protein- ...
Putting a bifunctional motor to work: insights into the role of plant KCH kinesins. Authors. *. Ram Dixit. *Department of ... Wilhelm J. Walter, Isabel Machens, Fereshteh Rafieian, Stefan Diez, The non-processive rice kinesin-14 OsKCH1 transports actin ... René Schneider, Staffan Persson, Connecting two arrays: the emerging role of actin-microtubule cross-linking motor proteins, ...
Recent Advances of Kinesin Motor Inhibitors and their Clinical Progress | Bentham ScienceRecent Advances of Kinesin Motor Inhibitors and their Clinical Progress. Author(s): Antiopi Voultsiadou, Vasiliki Sarli. ... This review focuses on the progress of kinesin motor inhibitors that target proteins that function predominantly in mitosis. ... This review focuses on the progress of kinesin motor inhibitors that target proteins that function predominantly in mitosis. ... Antiopi Voultsiadou and Vasiliki Sarli, " Recent Advances of Kinesin Motor Inhibitors and their Clinical Progress", Reviews on ...
Molecular Motors Synthetic DNA-Based Walkers Inspired by Kinesin.Highlights Molecular Motors Molecular Motors: Synthetic DNA-Based Walkers Inspired by Kinesin** T. Ross Kelly* Keywords: ... Molecular Motors Synthetic DNA-Based Walkers Inspired by Kinesin.. код для вставки. код для вставки на сайт или в блог. Ширина ... Kinesin is the prototypical processive biological motor,[18] although others such as DNA polymerases also exist. Fueled by ATP ... kinesin "walks" along a microtubule as illustrated by the cartoons in Figure 1. A key feature of the kinesin system is that the ...
The neck coiled coil may be a site of regulation for other kinesin motors as well. The conventional kinesin tail domain has ... The directional preference of kinesin motors is specified by an element outside of the motor catalytic domain. Cell. 90:959-966 ... Drosophila kinesin motor domain extending to amino acid position 392 is dimeric when expressed in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. ... Distinct conformations of the kinesin Unc104 neck regulate a monomer to dimer motor transition. Jawdat Al-Bassam, Yujia Cui, ...
Frontiers | Neuroprotection Exerted by Netrin-1 and Kinesin Motor KIF1A in Secondary Brain Injury following Experimental...A neuron-specific kinesin motor protein, KIF1A, has been shown to participate in netrin-1 secretion. This study aimed to ... A neuron-specific kinesin motor protein, KIF1A, has been shown to participate in netrin-1 secretion. This study aimed to ... The kinesin motor, KIF1A, serves as a transporter during netrin-1 secretion. KIF1A binds to netrin-1 and transports it to the ... 2010). The Caenorhabditis elegans Kinesin-3 motor UNC-104/KIF1A is degraded upon loss of specific binding to cargo. PLoS Genet. ...
Metaphase kinetochore movements are regulated by kinesin-8 motors and microtubule dynamic instability.A candidate screen showed that among the selected motors only kinesin-8 motors Klp5/Klp6 are required for kinetochore centering ... Metaphase kinetochore movements are regulated by kinesin-8 motors and microtubule dynamic instability.. Klemm, Anna H ... Kinetochores congress to the equatorial plane of the spindle and oscillate around it, with kinesin-8 motors restricting these ... Our theoretical model with Langevin description of microtubule dynamic instability shows that kinesin-8 motors are required for ...
Kinesins in MAPK Cascade: How Kinesin Motors Are Involved in the MAPK Pathway? - PubMedUp to now, there are 14 kinesin family proteins known. The MAPK pathway which is composed of multiple proteins constituting a ... Kinesins are essential for the transport and positioning of several biomolecules through moving along the microtubule in ... Kinesin-3, Kinesin-5, Kinesin-8, Kinesin-11 and Kinesin-13 families in mammals and two kinds of kinesin-like proteins in plants ... Studies have indicated that Kinesin-1 light chain KLC1, Kinesin-1 heavy chain KIF5B and Kinesin-11 family motor KIF26B interact ...
DrosophilaAxonal TransportOrganellesMutationsProteinsMicrotubulesMotilityMitoticConventional kinesinATPaseIntracellular transportProcessivityMoleculesKIF1AMoleculeHydrolysisStructurallyMyosinHuman kinesinIndividual kinesinMovesConformationNeuronalSubunitInhibitorsCryo-Electron MBindsPMIDHeavy chainsStructuralVitroDivided into at least 14Cargoes2018Processive motorDynamicsUtilizesElongationNucleotideRolesDirectionalityMotileMotion of kinesinCellularTransports synaptic vesiclesDyneinsCell
- Previous work has shown that mutation of the gene that encodes the microtubule motor subunit kinesin heavy chain ( Khc ) in Drosophila inhibits neuronal sodium channel activity, action potentials and neurotransmitter secretion. (genetics.org)
- These phenotypes parallel the pathologies of some vertebrate motor neuron diseases, including some forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and suggest that impaired fast axonal transport is a key element in those diseases. (genetics.org)
- These observations suggest that as the concentration of maternally provided wild-type KHC decreases, axonal organelles transported by kinesin periodically stall. (genetics.org)
- Khc mutations also impair the development of larval motor axon terminals, causing dystrophic morphology and marked reductions in synaptic bouton numbers. (genetics.org)
- and a small globular C-terminal domain which interacts with other proteins (such as the kinesin light chains), vesicles and membranous organelles. (ebi.ac.uk)
- The kinesin motor domain is located in the N-terminal part of most of the above proteins, with the exception of KAR3, klpA, and ncd where it is located in the C-terminal section. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Motor proteins 1: kinesins. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Motor proteins of cytoplasmic microtubules. (ebi.ac.uk)
- The emerging kinesin family of microtubule motor proteins. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Despite the crowdedness of the interior of cells, microtubule-based motor proteins are able to deliver cargoes rapidly and reliably throughout the cytoplasm. (pnas.org)
- We hypothesize that motor proteins may be adapted to operate in crowded environments by having molecular properties that prevent them from forming traffic jams. (pnas.org)
- We found that traffic jams, characterized by an abrupt increase in the density of motors with an associated abrupt decrease in motor speed, form even in the absence of other obstructing proteins. (pnas.org)
- There are several ways in which the molecular properties of motor proteins could be adapted to prevent traffic jams. (pnas.org)
- For example, the robustness of intracellular transport may be due to the high forces generated by motor proteins, which may clear obstructions ( 8 ). (pnas.org)
- So far, however, little is understood about how motor proteins behave in crowded environments, and what physical mechanisms may cause motor proteins to form traffic jams in the first place. (pnas.org)
- Kinesin motor proteins transport vesicles containing intracellular cargo around the cell along microtubules. (sciencephoto.com)
- A key question is how microtubule motor proteins organize these two plus-end-directed transport pathways, which differ not only in their transported cargoes but also in their light-dependent regulation ( Besharse, 1982 ). (jneurosci.org)
- The simple CEN s of budding yeast are among the best understood, but the roles of kinesin motor proteins at yeast kinetochores have yet to be determined, despite evidence of their importance in higher eukaryotes. (rupress.org)
- Biochemical, genetic, and intracellular localization studies of kinesin motors have suggested that some of these motor proteins may power intracellular transport events in neurons ( 1 , 6 , 7 ). (asm.org)
- The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of self-assembling highways that, together with the help of motor proteins, promotes intracellular transport and the formation of magnificent structures such as the preprophase band, mitotic spindle, and phragmoplast ( Nebenführ and Dixit, 2018 ). (plantcell.org)
- This review focuses on the progress of kinesin motor inhibitors that target proteins that function predominantly in mitosis. (eurekaselect.com)
- Up to now, there are 14 kinesin family proteins known. (nih.gov)
- To accomplish the transmission of a variety of signals, numbers of kinesins are closely associated with the MAPK cascade such as Kinesin-1, Kinesin-3, Kinesin-5, Kinesin-8, Kinesin-11 and Kinesin-13 families in mammals and two kinds of kinesin-like proteins in plants. (nih.gov)
- All kinesin proteins contain a conserved motor domain that contains a microtubule binding site and the ATP binding / hydrolysis site. (cytoskeleton.com)
- Cytoskeleton, Inc. has made available a selection of recombinant human kinesin motor domain proteins from 8 of the 14 reported kinesin classes. (cytoskeleton.com)
- Purity of kinesin motor domain proteins. (cytoskeleton.com)
- All motor domain proteins therefore are tested with regards to their microtubule activated ATPase activity. (cytoskeleton.com)
- Intracellular transport is a fundamental biological process during which cellular materials are driven by enzymatic molecules called motor proteins. (rice.edu)
- The finding indicates that a mechanism using strain to advance the protein along its path has survived the pressures of evolution in diverse designs of motor proteins within this subfamily of kinesins. (rpi.edu)
- Motor proteins are nanoscale machines that ferry cargo along microtubules, the molecular highway system throughout the cell. (rpi.edu)
- To the untrained eye, motor proteins resemble a stalk with arms that attach to cargo, and two legs with globular motor domains as feet that step along the microtubule. (rpi.edu)
- Motor proteins not actively involved in transporting cargoes should remain inactive at sites of cargo loading to save energy and remain available for loading. (embopress.org)
- Within the cell, it stands to reason that activation of motor proteins is tightly regulated to save energy and keep motors at sites of cargo loading ( Hackney et al , 1992 ). (embopress.org)
- However, less is known about how motor proteins bind to the proper cargo, become activated for transport, and deliver that cargo to the correct cellular locale. (rupress.org)
- A general picture is emerging whereby kinesin family members use adaptor/scaffolding proteins to link to their cargoes, although examples of direct interactions with transmembrane proteins exist (for review see Hirokawa and Takemura, 2005 ). (rupress.org)
- The kinesin heavy chain and the ncd (non-claret disjunctional) gene product of Drosophila are microtubule-associated motor proteins related by sequence similarity within an ≈340-aa domain. (harvard.edu)
- To investigate the molecular basis for direction of movement, we created a series of truncated kinesin heavy chain and ncd proteins. (harvard.edu)
- We found that the conserved domain of both proteins has microtubule motor activity, although the efficiency with which ATP hydrolysis is coupled to microtubule movement declines dramatically with increasing truncation. (harvard.edu)
- Like the motor proteins myosin and dynein, kinesin performs work by coupling a chemical ATPase cycle with a mechanical cycle resulting in an incremental movement and force production. (pnas.org)
- Such domain-mapping studies will bring to light plausible mechanisms for cargo binding and motor regulation, and most importantly, pinpoint candidate-binding sites for proteins that implement these activities. (elsevier.com)
- To ensure that we isolate proteins that are functionally relevant, we will introduce, into the nonmotor regions of these kinesins, mutations that disrupt motor regulation or cargo binding. (elsevier.com)
- Such kinesin mutants are the keystone of our proposal - proteins that bind specifically to wild-type, but not mutant, sites are likely to be the bona fide partners in vivo. (elsevier.com)
- The generation and use of such negative controls fundamentally distinguishes this proposal from previous attempts to identify proteins that interact with kinesins. (elsevier.com)
- Human kinesin-14 family member proteins, whose motor domain is on C-terminus, moves along the MT towards the minus ends instead of the plus ends as other kinesins do [ 2 ], include KIFC1, KIFC2 and KIFC3. (oncotarget.com)
- These assays revealed the presence of Cx32 and kinesin motor proteins in the same vesicles. (elsevier.com)
- These studies provide evidence that Cx32 can be transported intracellularly along microtubules and presumably to junctional domains in cells and highlight an important role of kinesin motor proteins in microtubule-dependent motility of Cx32. (elsevier.com)
- About the movement of organelles: There are molecular motor proteins that haul them around! (evolutionnews.org)
- Kinesins are a superfamily of molecular motor proteins that move along microtubules powered by ATP hydrolysis energy [ 1 ]. (plos.org)
- Kinesin1 (also known as conventional kinesin or Kif5) plays a major role in neuronal transport by recruiting many different cargos such as organelles, vesicles, mRNA/proteins complexes and protein assemblies [ 5 , 6 ]. (plos.org)
- The dynamic spindle framework at the heart of this incredibly accurate mechanism is primarily composed of microtubules along with associated proteins including members of the kinesin family of molecular motors, which organise them. (blogspot.com)
- Kinesin proteins comprise several domains, one of which is the motor domain, responsible for the protein's movement. (blogspot.com)
- It is now clear that kinesin-like-proteins (KLP), generally thought to be responsible for the transport of cellular cargoes, are involved in many different cellular processes now being widely investigated. (springer.com)
- Comprehensive and highly practical, Kinesin Protocols makes available all the key basic and cutting-edge methods needed successfully to study the multifaceted world of kinesin-like proteins and to explore their many functions. (springer.com)
- BACKGROUND: The kinesin motor protein family consists of 14 distinct subclasses and 45 kinesin proteins in humans. (edu.au)
- This article contains a review of the literature with respect to the role of kinesin motor proteins in female meiosis in model species. (edu.au)
- Throughout, we discuss the function of each class of kinesin proteins during oocyte meiosis, and where such data are not available their role in mitosis is considered. (edu.au)
- OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: To examine the role of kinesin motor proteins in oocyte meiosis. (edu.au)
- OUTCOMES: Within human cells 45 kinesin motor proteins have been discovered, with the role of only 13 of these proteins, or their orthologues, investigated in female meiosis. (edu.au)
- WIDER IMPLICATIONS: Kinesin motor proteins have distinct and important roles throughout oocyte meiosis in many non-mammalian model species. (edu.au)
- This review brings to light the need for more experimental investigation of kinesin motor proteins, particularly those associated with maternal ageing, cryopreservation or exposure to environmental toxicants. (edu.au)
- Kinesin-5 motor proteins are evolutionarily conserved and perform essential roles in mitotic spindle assembly and spindle elongation during anaphase. (bgu.ac.il)
- Microtubule-dependent motor required for slow axonal transport of neurofilament proteins (NFH, NFM and NFL). (abcam.com)
- Using a combination of PALM-single particle tracking experiments and numerical simulations, we showed that kinesin properties are specifically regulated by the presence of microtubule associated proteins inside the cell. (univ-paris-diderot.fr)
- In cells, ATP (adenosine triphosphate)-driven motor proteins, both cytoskeletal and nucleic acid-based, operate on their corresponding 'tracks', that is, actin, microtubules or nucleic acids, by converting the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work. (elsevier.com)
- The kinesin motor proteins, found in all cells, attach to microtubules and move along them to transport cellular cargoes. (aacrjournals.org)
- A kinesin is a protein belonging to a class of motor proteins found in eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
- In contrast, dyneins are motor proteins that move toward the microtubules' negative end. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, the genomes of mammals encode more than 40 kinesin proteins, organized into at least 14 families named kinesin-1 through kinesin-14. (wikipedia.org)
- Kinesins are structurally related to G proteins, which hydrolyze GTP instead of ATP. (wikipedia.org)
- Motor proteins fulfill the role of transporting large cargo about the cell to their required destinations. (wikipedia.org)
- Kinesins are motor proteins that transport such cargo by walking unidirectionally along microtubule tracks hydrolysing one molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at each step. (wikipedia.org)
- Motor proteins travel in a specific direction along a microtubule. (wikipedia.org)
- Many of these changes in the spindle are driven by proteins called molecular motors, which break down energy-rich molecules of ATP to power them as they walk along the filaments. (elifesciences.org)
- Kinesins are biological motor proteins that are ATP-dependent and function to assist cells with the transport of molecules along microtubules. (news-medical.net)
- Intracellular transport, kinesin motor proteins transport molecules moving across microtubules, 3D illustration. (news-medical.net)
- In addition to this, the importance of kinesin is underscored by the serious medical consequences, such as diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's, which appear to implicate kinesin's interactions with disease-associated proteins. (news-medical.net)
- So, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of endurance exercise on contents of Kinesin - 5 and Dynein motor proteins in sciatic nerves of male Wistar rats with diabetic neuropathy. (intjssh.com)
- The contents of Kinesin - 5 and Dynein motor proteins were examined with enzymatic method (ELISA). (intjssh.com)
- The results demonstrate that one of the possible factors involved in axonal transport dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy can be STZ induced upregulation of Kinesin - 5 and Dynein motor proteins in diabetic rats. (intjssh.com)
- Active transport utilizes motor proteins, namely the kinesin superfamily (KIFs) for anterograde transport, and cytoplasmic dynein for retrograde transport. (frontiersin.org)
- Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the University of Pennsylvania found that propofol inhibits the activity of kinesins, a class of motor proteins that provides critical services by ferrying cellular cargos from one place to another within a cell. (rpi.edu)
- Molecular motor proteins inside the body, called kinesins, are a lot like the motor in your car. (bnl.gov)
- Using the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, they solved the structure of a kinesin motor domain, and showed that manganese binding was similar to magnesium binding in the proteins. (bnl.gov)
- The team engineered a specific cysteine substitution for different kinesins to render them able to use manganese instead of magnesium, which then allowed for modulation of activity in the motor proteins with the introduction of one or the other metal. (bnl.gov)
- Two spatially distinct kinesin-14 proteins, Pkl1 and Klp2, generate collaborative inward forces against kinesin-5 Cut7 in S. pombe. (semanticscholar.org)
- An extended anaphase signaling pathway for Mad2p includes microtubule organizing center proteins and multiple motor-dependent transitions. (semanticscholar.org)
- Introduction Kinesin superfamily (KIF) genes encode motor proteins that have fundamental roles in brain functioning, development, survival and plasticity by regulating the transport of cargo along microtubules within axons, dendrites and synapses. (bmj.com)
- Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIF) are motor proteins involved in the movement of various cargoes along the microtubules, including vesicles, organelles, protein complexes, mRNAs and chromosomes. (bmj.com)
- 1-4 KIF proteins act together with motor proteins from the dynein and myosin superfamilies. (bmj.com)
- Kinesin is the name given to a class of motor proteins found in biological cells . (wikidoc.org)
- Specifically, proteins from the Kinesin 13 family act as regulators of microtubule dynamics. (wikidoc.org)
- CORVALLIS, Ore. - A research team led by an Oregon State University biophysicist and a plant biologist from University of California, Davis has discovered a novel motor protein that significantly expands current understanding of the evolution and design principle of motor proteins. (eurekalert.org)
- Using an analogy to a metropolitan city, the interior of eukaryotic cells contain a railway-like structure called the cytoskeleton and tiny vehicles called motor proteins. (eurekalert.org)
- Motor proteins act on the cytoskeleton tracks to generate forces and directional movement for many essential processes, such as transportation of cellular "cargoes" and separation of duplicated chromosomes during cell division. (eurekalert.org)
- Cells from human, animals and fungi all have three different types of motor proteins that scientists refer to as myosin, kinesin and dynein. (eurekalert.org)
- Bier, M.: Modelling processive motor proteins: moving on two legs in the microscopic realm. (springer.com)
- Although the motor domains of kinesins are structurally similar, the family contains members that move on microtubules in opposite directions. (mendeley.com)
- To test this hypothesis, we reconstituted high-density traffic of purified kinesin-8 motor protein, a highly processive motor with long end-residency time, along microtubules in a total internal-reflection fluorescence microscopy assay. (pnas.org)
- In this work, we have used two-color total internal-reflection fluorescence microscopy ( 19 ) to simultaneously measure the speed of individual kinesin motors moving on microtubules while monitoring the local motor density. (pnas.org)
- Kinesin-8 accumulates at the end of microtubules, where it promotes catastrophe. (diva-portal.org)
- Each condition (microtubules (MT) alone, kinesin alone and microtubules + kinesin) was performed in triplicates. (cytoskeleton.com)
- Evidence for a novel affinity mechanism of motor-assisted transport along microtubules. (cytoskeleton.com)
- Despite the sequence similarity, the kinesin heavy chain and ncd protein move in opposite directions on microtubules. (harvard.edu)
- Kinesin is a dimeric motor protein that transports organelles in a stepwise manner toward the plus-end of microtubules by converting the energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work. (pnas.org)
- Kinesin is a homodimeric motor protein that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to transport organelles toward the plus-end of microtubules against the viscous drag of the cytoplasm. (pnas.org)
- In motility assays, wild type kinesin-2 moved microtubules (MTs) at a rate intermediate between the rates supported by the two mutants. (elsevier.com)
- Native kinesin-1 does not bind preferentially to GTP-tubulin-rich microtubules in vitro. (semanticscholar.org)
- Intriguingly, in higher eukaryotes, kinesin‐2 has been adapted to work on microtubules in the cytoplasm as well. (embopress.org)
- Here, we show that heterodimeric kinesin‐2 motors distinguish between axonemes and microtubules. (embopress.org)
- Unlike canonical kinesin‐1, kinesin‐2 takes directional, off‐axis steps on microtubules, but it resumes a straight path when walking on the axonemes. (embopress.org)
- The heterodimeric kinesin‐2 motor differentiates between microtubules and axonemes to move forward. (embopress.org)
- A number of different kinesins perform essential functions during cell division, including organisation of spindle microtubules and regulation of their dynamics. (bbk.ac.uk)
- These observations imply that when cargo is transported by both dynein and phosphorylated kinesin, a common occurrence in the cell, there may be a bias that favors motion toward the minus-end of microtubules. (umn.edu)
- Members of the kinesin-8 subfamily are plus end-directed molecular motors that accumulate at the plus-ends of kinetochore-microtubules (kt-MTs) where they regulate MT dynamics. (uni-konstanz.de)
- This has been particularly well studied in kinesin 1, whose function is to transport cargo along the microtubules. (blogspot.com)
- Dr Moores' group are studying kinesin 5, which combines into oligomers of four molecules and forms crosslinks between microtubules. (blogspot.com)
- They use motors of one or more kinesin families, along with cytoplasmic dynein, to translocate along microtubules, and bidirectional movement may be coordinated through interaction between dynein and kinesin-1. (biologists.org)
- Readers will learn how kinesins travel along microtubules to fulfill their many roles in intracellular transport or cell division. (springer.com)
- Previous studies in Drosophila melanogaster implicated at least one kinesin motor protein, NCD, in tapering the microtubules into a bipolar spindle. (genetics.org)
- Resolution of the stepping motion of kinesin on microtubules by interferometry. (worldcat.org)
- During the cell cycle, kinesin-8s control the length of microtubules by interacting with their plus ends. (blogspot.com)
- In the first part of the talk, I will show how we tested this hypothesis using a in vitro reconstitution of high-density traffic of purified kinesin-8 protein, a highly processive motor with long end-residency time, along microtubules. (univ-paris-diderot.fr)
- The binding of kinesins to microtubules opposes the stabilizing effect of docetaxel that prevents cytokinesis and leads to apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
- They typically include two large globular heads that attach to microtubules, a central coiled region, and a light-chain region that connects the kinesin to the intracellular component to be moved ( 13 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Kinesins, for example, are molecular motors that can move along microtubules and there are over 40 different kinesins encoded in the human genome. (elifesciences.org)
- Kinesins travel along a highly complex and coordinated system of "railroad tracks," called microtubules. (rpi.edu)
- Kinesins é as proteínas biológicas do motor que são ATP-dependentes e função ajudar a pilhas com o transporte das moléculas ao longo dos microtubules. (news-medical.net)
- Transporte intracelular, moléculas do transporte das proteínas do motor do kinesin que movem-se através dos microtubules, ilustração 3D. (news-medical.net)
- The kinesin dimer attaches to, and moves along, microtubules. (wikidoc.org)
- Single-molecule techniques have allowed the experimental characterization of single kinesins in vitro at a range of loads and ATP concentrations, and shown that each kinesin molecule moves processively along microtubules by alternately advancing each of its motor domains in a hand-over-hand fashion. (springer.com)
- A conventional, very low motor density MT gliding assay and a single-motor motility assay with fluorescently labeled full-length KIF1A protein suggested that it is processive ( 12 ). (sciencemag.org)
- Antagonistic interplay between MT minus and plus end-directed motors is tightly orchestrated and important for regulating organelle motility and cell division. (plantcell.org)
- Okada and Hirokawa (1999) demonstrated a biased diffusional motility for a single truncated KIF1A monomer, suggesting that this motor may generate processive movement by a mechanism that is distinct from the hand over hand mechanism proposed for the conventional kinesin dimer ( Vale and Milligan, 2000 ). (rupress.org)
- No plant kinesin-14 is known to produce processive motility as a homodimer. (deepdyve.com)
- The regulation of molecular motors is an important cellular problem, as motility in the absence of cargo results in futile adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. (rupress.org)
- We show that binding of JIP1 and FEZ1 to Kinesin-1 is sufficient to activate the motor for MT binding and motility. (rupress.org)
- Autoinhibition leads to a simple prediction for how Kinesin-1 is activated: cargo binding to the Kinesin-1 tail frees the motor domains for ATP-driven motility. (rupress.org)
- However, they are consistent with a variety of phenomenological models of kinesin motility. (pnas.org)
- KHC consists of three regions: a N-terminal globular motor domain (head) that contains the ATP and microtubule binding sites, a central elongated coiled-coil (stalk) responsible for dimerization, and a C-terminal unstructured region (tail) that regulates motor motility and recruits cargos. (plos.org)
- It has been reported that the motility of human kinesin-8, Kif18A, is required for its accumulation at the plus tips of kt-MTs. (uni-konstanz.de)
- Among the approaches discussed are methods to express and purify kinesins in different systems, to characterize microtubule-enhanced ATPase activity and motility properties, and to test microtubule destabilizing activity. (springer.com)
- The microtubule (MT)-associated motor protein kinesin utilizes its conserved ATPase head to achieve diverse motility characteristics. (harvard.edu)
- Furthermore, we discovered a force-induced stick-slip motion: the motor frequently slipped, recovered from this state, and then resumed normal stepping motility without detaching from the microtubule. (blogspot.com)
- HSP-related kinesin-3 mutants are characterized mainly as loss-of-function resulting in deficits in motility, regulation, and cargo binding. (frontiersin.org)
- Scientists have long speculated that land plants might have evolved into unconventional kinesin-14s that have the ability to generate persistent motility on their own. (eurekalert.org)
- H. sapiens mitotic kinesin-like protein-1 (MKLP-1), a motor protein whose activity is directed toward the microtubule's plus end. (ebi.ac.uk)
- We have isolated a human homolog of Xenopus Eg5, a kinesin-related motor protein implicated in the assembly and dynamics of the mitotic spindle. (nih.gov)
- Kinesins are involved in almost all aspects of intracellular transport and their well documented role in cell division suggests that they may be excellent targets for anti-mitotic drug discovery. (cytoskeleton.com)
- The protein domains are useful as targets for anti-mitotic drug discovery and as reagents for comparative studies of kinesin class specific motor activities. (cytoskeleton.com)
- Loss of vertebrate kinesin-8 function induces hyperstable MTs and elongated mitotic spindles accompanied by severe chromosome congression defects. (uni-konstanz.de)
- Drosophila Kinesin-73 (Khc-73), which plays a role in mitotic spindle polarity in neuroblasts, is a metazoan-specific member of the Kinesin-3 family of motors, which includes mammalian KIF1A and Caenorhabditis elegans Unc-104. (mblwhoilibrary.org)
- Several compounds that inhibit two mitotic kinesins (called Eg5 and CENP-E) have entered Phase I and II clinical trials and are explored in these chapters. (springer.com)
- Additional mitotic kinesins are currently being validated as drug targets, raising the possibility that the repertoire of kinesin-based drug targets may expand in the future. (springer.com)
- Kinesin‐5 motors fulfil essential roles in mitotic spindle morphogenesis and dynamics as slow, processive microtubule (MT) plus‐end directed motors. (bgu.ac.il)
- Fission yeast pkl1 is a kinesin-related protein involved in mitotic spindle function. (semanticscholar.org)
- Thus motors are necessary for the formation of the mitotic spindle assemblies that perform chromosome separation. (wikidoc.org)
- The design of C351 is based on the shortest monomeric motile, but nonprocessive, construct DmK351 made from Drosophila conventional kinesin ( 4 , 6 ). (sciencemag.org)
- The catalytic core of the conventional kinesin motor domain of K351 was swapped with that of KIF1A ( 13 ). (sciencemag.org)
- Thus, C351 contains the catalytic core of the motor domain of KIF1A followed by the 23-amino acid "linker" of conventional kinesin ( 14 ), which is reported to be insufficient for dimerization ( 8 ). (sciencemag.org)
- As a control, a dimeric conventional kinesin molecule, K381, was also constructed, containing the coiled-coil neck region essential for dimerization ( 8 , 15 ). (sciencemag.org)
- In contrast, K351 did not bind to MTs even at 1000 pM in the presence of ATP, confirming the previous report that monomeric conventional kinesin does not show a processive movement in this type of assay ( 4 ). (sciencemag.org)
- Mechanisms of motor activation have been relatively well characterized in conventional kinesin (reviewed in Cross and Scholey, 1999 ). (embopress.org)
- In the case of Kinesin-1 (formerly conventional kinesin or Kif5), the kinesin light chain (KLC) subunit binds directly to JNK-interacting protein 1 (JIP1), JIP2, and JIP3/Syd. (rupress.org)
- Preliminary studies along these lines on conventional kinesin validate this strategy - our domain-mapping studies indicate that the inhibited state of conventional kinesin depends on kinesin light chain (KLC) and involves a folded conformation, in which the C-terminus of kinesin heavy chain (KHC) interacts with its own motor domain. (elsevier.com)
- Stringent quality controls that all Cytoskeleton, Inc's purified kinesin motor domains have ATPase activities comparable to published data. (cytoskeleton.com)
- Microtubule activated kinesin ATPase assay (Cat. (cytoskeleton.com)
- It is thought that, in the absence of cargo, the kinesin heavy‐chain C‐terminal domain folds back and inhibits the N‐terminal motor domain's microtubule (MT) binding and MT‐stimulated ATPase activity. (embopress.org)
- Loop L5 of kinesin is located near the ATPase site, in common with kinesins of various animal species. (ovid.com)
- The mechanism for coupling the ATPase and mechanical cycles, the directionality, the force generation event (power stroke), and the putative coordination between kinesin's two motor domains during processive movement all need to be elucidated to achieve a comprehensive understanding of kinesin function. (pnas.org)
- Substeps within the 8 nm step of the ATPase cycle of single kinesin molecules. (worldcat.org)
- Plus-end-directed kinesin ATPase (EC 3.6.4.4, kinesin) is an enzyme with systematic name kinesin ATP phosphohydrolase (plus-end-directed). (wikipedia.org)
- Using cryo-electron microscopy and biophysical assays, we have undertaken a mechanochemical dissection of the microtubule-bound MKLP2 motor domain during its ATPase cycle, and show that many facets of its mechanism are distinct from other kinesins. (elifesciences.org)
- Unconventional myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity and serve in intracellular movements. (uniprot.org)
- Brady, S.T.: A novel brain ATPase with properties expected for the fast axonal transport motor. (springer.com)
- Members of the kinesin II family are thought to play essential roles in many types of intracellular transport. (asm.org)
- Kinesins were discovered as MT-based anterograde intracellular transport motors. (wikipedia.org)
- The overall goal of Gilbert's MERIT research is to understand how the mechanochemistry of kinesin motors underlies their ability to promote intracellular transport, generation of cell polarity, and remodeling of the microtubule cytoskeleton for cell division, cell differentiation, and morphogenesis during human development. (rpi.edu)
- To determine the molecular properties that lead to jamming, we altered the concentration of motors, their processivity, and their rate of dissociation from microtubule ends. (pnas.org)
- Our results indicate that transport kinesins, such as kinesin-1, may be evolutionarily adapted to avoid the formation of traffic jams by moving only with moderate processivity and dissociating rapidly from microtubule ends. (pnas.org)
- A single kinesin molecule has two heads or motor domains ( 1 ) and moves processively ( 2-4 ), taking more than 100 steps before detaching from a microtubule (MT). The two-headed structure is assumed to be essential for processive movement, because engineered single-headed or monomeric molecules have motor activity but are not processive, whereas dimeric constructs have high processivity ( 4-9 ). (sciencemag.org)
- Because kinesin is thought to operate alone or in small groups, it must be able to remain bound to the microtubule for numerous consecutive cycles before dissociating (termed processivity) to travel distances that are useful on a cellular length scale. (pnas.org)
- The C‐terminal distal tail of heterodimeric kinesin‐2 asymmetrically impacts motor processivity. (embopress.org)
- Using single molecule measurements we find that Kif18A is a highly processive motor and, furthermore, that the C-terminal tail is essential for the high processivity of Kif18A. (uni-konstanz.de)
- Processivity of a single-headed kinesin construct C351 and the Brownian ratchet. (worldcat.org)
- Gilbert and Eckenhoff were joined in the research, " Common General Anesthetic Propofol Impairs Kinesin Processivity ," by Brandon M. Bensel, Stephanie Guzik-Lendrum, and Erin M. Masucci, at Rensselaer, and Kellie A. Woll at University of Pennsylvania. (rpi.edu)
- This self-organization is in turn dependent on the directionality of the motors as well as their processivity (ability to walk). (wikidoc.org)
- The motor molecules were labeled with a red fluorescent dye, Alexa, and observed under a low background video-intensified microscope ( 16 ). (sciencemag.org)
- Kinesins are functionally diverse molecules that generate a diverse range of motile activities in the cell. (rupress.org)
- Recent technological advances have opened the door to investigations of discrete nanometer-size movements and piconewton forces produced by individual motor molecules in vitro ( 2 - 5 ). (pnas.org)
- The molecules alternate so that one will bind to the microtubule and the energy source, ATP, and then its partner will displace it so that the motor effectively steps hand over hand along the microtubule track. (blogspot.com)
- Use of optical tweezers to study single motor molecules. (worldcat.org)
- Force vs. velocity measurement on kinesin motor molecules. (worldcat.org)
- Study of single kinesin molecules with a force clamp. (worldcat.org)
- However, kinesin must undergo transient dynamics when external perturbations (e.g., interactions with other kinesin molecules) cause the load on each motor to change in time. (springer.com)
- This mechanistic approach to modeling the mechanical behavior of the motor domains of kinesin allows rational and efficient characterization of the mechanochemical coupling, and provides predictions of kinesin with time-varying loads, which is critical for modeling coordinated transport involving several kinesin molecules. (springer.com)
- These PH domain containing motors include C. elegans Unc104 and its mouse orthologue KIF1A, which transport synaptic vesicle precursors from the cell body to nerve terminals. (rupress.org)
- A neuron-specific kinesin motor protein, KIF1A, has been shown to participate in netrin-1 secretion. (frontiersin.org)
- KIF1A/Unc104 is a monomeric kinesin known to dimerize into a processive motor at high protein concentrations. (embopress.org)
- These results suggest that the intramolecular FHA-CC2 interaction negatively regulates KIF1A activity by inhibiting MT binding and dimerization of KIF1A, and point to a novel role of the FHA domain in the regulation of kinesin motors. (embopress.org)
- In a similar fashion, the second and third specific aims propose to investigate the non-motor regions of a number of other kinesins (heterotrimeric kinesin II and monomeric KIF1A,B, & C) whose cargoes are known. (elsevier.com)
- UNC-104/KIF1A is a Kinesin-3 motor that transports synaptic vesicles from the cell body towards the synapse by binding to PI(4,5)P 2 through its PH domain. (prolekarniky.cz)
- When KIFC3 or the additional kinesins KIFC1, KIF1A, or KIF5A were overexpressed in the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB231 and MDA-MB 468, the cells became more resistant to docetaxel. (aacrjournals.org)
- In addition to KIFC3, we find that overexpression of a second COOH-terminal kinesin, KIFC1, or of the NH 2 -terminal kinesins KIF5A and KIF1A, all mediate the resistance of breast cancer cells to docetaxel. (aacrjournals.org)
- KIF1A is a motor enriched in neurons, and involved in the anterograde transport of a variety of vesicles that contribute to pre- and post-synaptic assembly, autophagic processes, and neuron survival. (frontiersin.org)
- A single kinesin molecule can move "processively" along a microtubule for more than 1 micrometer before detaching from it. (sciencemag.org)
- The prevailing explanation for this processive movement is the "walking model," which envisions that each of two motor domains (heads) of the kinesin molecule binds coordinately to the microtubule. (sciencemag.org)
- This implies that each kinesin molecule must have two heads to "walk" and that a single-headed kinesin could not move processively. (sciencemag.org)
- Biology is rich with molecular motors (flagella, muscles, cilia, etc.), and until 2004 only biology provided examples of processive molecular motors in which a motor molecule moves across a surface. (docme.ru)
- Because two regions of the Kinesin-1 tail are required for autoinhibition, we searched for a second molecule that contributes to activation of the motor. (rupress.org)
- When Vale was a graduate student, he initially hoped to show that myosin was involved in axonal transport, but ended up discovering a new molecule which he called kinesin. (noodle.com)
- Kinesin hydrolyses one ATP molecule per 8 nm step. (worldcat.org)
- Mikhailenko, SV , Oguchi, Y & Ishiwata, S 2010, ' Insights into the mechanisms of myosin and kinesin molecular motors from the single-molecule unbinding force measurements ', Journal of the Royal Society Interface , vol. 7, no. (elsevier.com)
- There is nothing simple about this biochemical process, which is powered by a molecule called ATP and depends on molecular motors. (icr.org)
- Kinesins are molecular motors that transport various cargoes along microtubule tracks using energy derived from ATP hydrolysis. (mendeley.com)
- Kinesn motor activity is driven by ATP hydrolysis. (cytoskeleton.com)
- These results suggest that L5 of rice kinesin significantly changes its conformation during ATP hydrolysis. (ovid.com)
- Kinesins move along microtubule (MT) filaments, and are powered by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (thus kinesins are ATPases). (wikipedia.org)
- Kinesin-1 is a processive molecular motor that converts the energy from ATP hydrolysis and Brownian motion into directed movement. (springer.com)
- These data demonstrate roles for structurally diverse motors in the complex processes of chromosome segregation and reveal important similarities and intriguing differences between higher and lower eukaryotes. (rupress.org)
- New research shows that a single conserved mechanism governs the movement of two structurally distinct variants of kinesin-14 - a class of molecular motors that moves materials and facilitates chromosomal separation within cells. (rpi.edu)
- Structurally, kinesin exists as a heterotetramer that is composed of two heavy and two light chains. (news-medical.net)
- Myosin VI is a processive motor with a large step size. (worldcat.org)
- In this study, we report subnanometer resolution cryoelectron microscopy reconstructions of microtubule-bound human kinesin-5 before and after nucleotide binding and combine this information with studies of the kinetics of nucleotide-induced neck linker and cover strand movement. (rcsb.org)
- Our structures indicate that allosteric inhibitors of human kinesin-5, which are being developed as anti-cancer therapeutics, bind to a motor conformation that occurs in the course of normal function. (rcsb.org)
- Search terms included 'oocyte kinesin' and 'meiosis kinesin' in addition to individual kinesin names with the terms oocyte or meiosis. (edu.au)
- Kinesin is a motor protein that moves along microtubule filaments in cells. (sciencephoto.com)
- Rather than navigating to the center of tip-growing protonemal cells during interphase, KCH KO nuclei instead gravitate to the apex (see figure , panel A). The predictable and uniform orientation of MTs in moss together with KCH fluorescent-tagging experiments suggest that KCH moves processively in vivo as a minus end-directed motor. (plantcell.org)
- Studies have shown that kinesin moves in discrete steps along the microtubule ( 2 , 6 ) and that it slows down linearly as a function of increasing load until it comes to a stall ( 5 , 7 - 9 ). (pnas.org)
- Thus one of the two motor domains of heterotrimeric kinesin-2 exerts torque as well as axial force as it moves along a MT, which may allow kinesin-2 to control its circumferential position around a MT doublet within the cilium. (elsevier.com)
- However, due to evolutionarily defined sequence variations in L5, this conformation is not adopted by invertebrate kinesin-5s, explaining their resistance to drug inhibition. (rcsb.org)
- The neck hinge deletion mutation does not alter motor velocity in vitro but produces a severe uncoordinated phenotype in transgenic C. elegans , suggesting that the folded conformation plays an important role in motor regulation. (rupress.org)
- Sedimentation velocity experiments also show that addition of a negative charge at Ser-175 favors the autoinhibited conformation of kinesin. (umn.edu)
- The conformation of the highly extended loop6 insertion characteristic of kinesin-6s is nucleotide-independent and does not contact the MT surface. (elifesciences.org)
- In fact, most neuronal kinesins have not been definitively localized at the cellular or subcellular level. (jneurosci.org)
- The vertebrate retina, with its accessibility and simple laminar organization, is suitable for investigating the in vivo functions of neuronal kinesins. (jneurosci.org)
- Kinesin1 plays a major role in neuronal transport by recruiting many different cargos through its kinesin light chain (KLC). (plos.org)
- These molecular motors are expected to have fundamental roles in several processes in the brain, including neuronal functioning, development, survival and plasticity, by regulating the anterograde and retrograde transport within the axons, dendrites and synapses of neurons. (bmj.com)
- Kinesin associated protein (KAP) is identified as the non-motor accessory subunit of Kinesin II, but its role in the corresponding motor function is not understood. (nih.gov)
- Each subunit consists of a ≈7 nm (≈340 amino acid) globular motor domain (head) connected to a ≈75 nm (≈500 amino acid) α-helical tail involved in dimerization ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
- These motors are distinct in containing two non-identical motor subunits together with an accessory subunit [1,11- (elsevier.com)
- Subsequently, a different, heterotrimeric plus-end-directed MT-based motor named kinesin-2, consisting of 2 distinct KHC-related motor subunits and an accessory "KAP" subunit, was purified from echinoderm egg/embryo extracts and is best known for its role in transporting protein complexes (IFT particles) along axonemes during cilium biogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Loop L5, the binding site for allosteric inhibitors of kinesin-5, also undergoes a dramatic reorientation when ATP binds, suggesting that it is directly involved in controlling nucleotide binding. (rcsb.org)
- Antiopi Voultsiadou and Vasiliki Sarli, " Recent Advances of Kinesin Motor Inhibitors and their Clinical Progress", Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials (2011) 6: 271. (eurekaselect.com)
- The motor domain of various kinesins have been shown to have widely differing sensitivities to ATP analogs and inhibitory compounds such as monastrol, such results lead the way to the identification of therapeutically useful kinesin specific inhibitors. (cytoskeleton.com)
- Our finding that kinesins can mediate docetaxel resistance might lead to novel therapeutic approaches in which kinesin inhibitors are paired with taxanes. (aacrjournals.org)
- The structural studies have involved cryo electron microscopy which has given a 3D model of the motor domain of kinesin 5 bound to a microtubule, both binding ATP and without ATP present. (blogspot.com)
- have now used a technique called cryo-electron microscopy - which is uniquely suited to looking at large and complicated samples in three dimensions - to observe how the motor in MKLP2 changes shape as it works. (elifesciences.org)
- This motor binds to a microtubule and uses it as a track with a directionality given by its polarity. (blogspot.com)
- Kinesin [ PMID: 8542443 , PMID: 2142876 , PMID: 14732151 ] is a microtubule-associated force-producing protein that may play a role in organelle transport. (ebi.ac.uk)
- The kinesin motor domain comprises five motifs, namely N1 (P-loop), N2 (Switch I), N3 (Switch II), N4 and L2 (KVD finger) [ PMID: 20587735 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Kinesin is an oligomeric complex composed of two heavy chains and two light chains. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Kinesin1 functions as a hetero-tetramer composed of a dimer of kinesin heavy chains (KHC) bound to two kinesin light chains (KLC) [ 8 ]. (plos.org)
- The catalytic motor of kinesin, also referred to as the head, are components of the heavy chains. (news-medical.net)
- The typical kinesin is a protein dimer consisting of two heavy chains and two light chains. (wikidoc.org)
- The heavy chains comprise a globular head (the motor domain) connected via a short, flexible neck linker to the stalk - a long, central coiled-coil region - that ends in a tail region formed with a light-chain. (wikidoc.org)
- Recent biochemical and biophysical studies of several kinesins make it possible to identify structural elements responsible for the different directionality, suggesting that reversal of the motor movement can be achieved through small, local changes in the protein structure. (mendeley.com)
- Structural studies of kinesin 1 bound to a microtubule show that a small linker region of each kinesin reacts with the polarity of the track to point and presumably inform the direction of travel. (blogspot.com)
- There are also advanced methods for the study of kinesins at the structural level. (springer.com)
- Structural measurements on kinesin. (worldcat.org)
- Because molecular motors are much, much smaller than our car engine, they need to be studied using sophisticated structural and biophysical methodologies, hence the use of the NSLS X6A beamline at Brookhaven National Laboratory for X-ray diffraction studies," Cochran said. (bnl.gov)
- In vitro studies reveal that Kif18A possesses a non-motor MT binding site located within its C-proximal 121 residues. (uni-konstanz.de)
- We find that constructs containing the motor and the conserved short stretches of putative coiled-coil-forming regions are predominantly monomeric in vitro, but that dimerization allows for fast, processive movement and high force production (7 piconewtons). (mblwhoilibrary.org)
- In vitro , individual Cin8 motors could be switched by ionic conditions from rapid (380 nm/s) and processive minus‐end to slow plus‐end motion on single MTs. (bgu.ac.il)
- The unc-104(e1265) allele carries a point mutation (D1497N) in the PI(4,5)P 2 binding pocket of the PH domain, resulting in greatly reduced preferential binding to PI(4,5)P 2 in vitro and presence of very few motors on pre-synaptic vesicles in vivo . (prolekarniky.cz)
- These show partial restoration of in vitro preferential PI(4,5)P 2 binding and presence of more motors on pre-synaptic vesicles in vivo . (prolekarniky.cz)
- The PH domain in this triple mutant lacked in vitro PI(4,5)P 2 binding specificity, and the animals again showed locomotory defects and reduced motor levels. (prolekarniky.cz)
- Here, we show that UNC-83 also interacts with the kinesin-1 light chain KLC-2, as identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen and confirmed by in vitro assays. (biologists.org)
- There are approximately 50 human kinesins that are currently divided into at least 14 classes. (cytoskeleton.com)
- Kinesin motors are presumed to transport various membrane compartments within neurons, but their specific in vivo functions, cargoes, and expression patterns in the brain are unclear. (jneurosci.org)
- their in vivo functions and cargoes are still unclear, as is the question of whether specific types of neurons express particular kinesins and not others. (jneurosci.org)
- In Chlamydomonas , kinesin II appears to transport a large protein complex, termed a raft, possibly with protein cargoes attached, from the sites of synthesis in the cell body to the sites of utilization at the tip of the flagellum ( 4 , 10 , 16 ). (asm.org)
- To address this problem, we must explain the molecular basis and the overall logic for how different kinesin motors are mobilized to carry specific cargoes. (elsevier.com)
- To his end, we will substantiate our hypothesis that processive kinesin motors, which are primarily soluble in the cell, are in an inhibited ground state until they are bound and activated by their cargoes. (elsevier.com)
- There is significant evidence that cargoes in-vivo are transported by multiple motors. (wikipedia.org)
- A new study by Yamada and Goshima (2018) uses the powerful genetics of the moss Physcomitrella patens to define novel functions for these plant kinesins. (plantcell.org)
- These results show that Kif18A like its yeast orthologue is a highly processive motor. (uni-konstanz.de)
- Kinesin-73 is a processive motor that localizes to Rab5-containing organelles. (mblwhoilibrary.org)
- Our results suggest that the N-terminal half of Khc-73 can undergo a monomer-dimer transition to produce a fast processive motor and that its C-terminal half possesses a specific Rab5-vesicle binding domain. (mblwhoilibrary.org)
- Existing models of kinesin movement focus on time and space invariant loads, and hence are not well suited to describing transient dynamics. (springer.com)
- Shelley, M. J. The dynamics of microtubule/motor-protein assemblies in biology and physics. (nature.com)
- Kinesin‐2 differently utilizes the microtubule and axoneme lattice for processive stepping. (embopress.org)
- We identified fasciculation and elongation protein ζ1 (FEZ1) as a binding partner of kinesin heavy chain. (rupress.org)
- During each mechanochemical cycle, a motor proceeds via several nucleotide states, characterized by different affinities for the 'track' filament and different nucleotide (ATP or ADP) binding kinetics, which is crucial for a motor to efficiently perform its cellular functions. (elsevier.com)
- Its motor domain contains conserved nucleotide binding motifs, but is divergent in sequence (~35% identity) and size (~40% larger) compared to other kinesins. (elifesciences.org)
- He added, "The 3D structure we produced allows us to understand where almost every atom in the protein is positioned relative to the bound nucleotide and metal, which provides insight into how the motor works. (bnl.gov)
- MKLP2, a kinesin-6, has critical roles during the metaphase-anaphase transition and cytokinesis. (elifesciences.org)
- The challenge of controlling directionality is perhaps best illustrated by considering the situation halfway between Figure 1 b and 1 c: If the kinesin is attached by only the turquoise-colored foot, and the nearest binding sites for a pink foot are identical (one to the left, to give Figure 1 a, and one to the right, to give Figure 1 d), how is unidirectional movement accomplished? (docme.ru)
- Nature has clearly found a solution with kinesin, but to solve the issue of directionality in a synthetic device is probably the most challenging part of [*] Prof. T. R. Kelly Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA) Fax: (+ 1) 617-552-2705 E-mail: [email protected] [**] We thank the National Institutes of Health (grant GM56262) for support of our work on molecular motors. (docme.ru)
- Whereas some theories of kinesin function predict a reversal of directionality under high loads, we found that kinesin does not walk backwards under loads of up to 13 pN, probably because of an irreversible transition in the mechanical cycle. (pnas.org)
- The Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin‐5 Cin8 was found, surprisingly, to switch directionality. (bgu.ac.il)
- Individual capsids simultaneously accommodated motors of opposing directionality as well as several copies of the same motor. (nih.gov)
- Genetic and localization experiments in Chlamydomonas, Tetrahymena thermophila ( 4 , 22 ), Caenorhabditis elegans ( 19 ), sea urchins ( 5 ), and mice ( 9 , 23 , 24 ) suggest that kinesin II in many cases is essential for the construction and maintenance of motile and nonmotile cilia and flagella ( 11 , 18 ). (asm.org)
- Furthermore, the footprint of the MKLP2 motor domain on the MT surface is altered compared to motile kinesins, and enhanced by kinesin-6-specific sequences. (elifesciences.org)
- We have developed a mechanistic model that describes, deterministically, the average motion of kinesin under time and space varying loads. (springer.com)
- These results provide the first demonstration of the activation of a MT-based motor by cellular binding partners. (rupress.org)
- Caenhorhabditis elegans Unc104 kinesin transports synaptic vesicles at rapid velocities. (rupress.org)
- Some kinesins {EG5}, and a different type of motor protein known as dyneins , move towards the minus end of the microtubule. (wikidoc.org)
- Thus, it appears that nuclear positioning involves a tug-of-war between the ARK and KCH kinesins, an imbalance of which results in deformed nuclear invaginations and nuclear distribution skewed toward the cell periphery (see figure , panels A and B). (plantcell.org)
- We are studying the molecular properties of individual kinesins to understand how they have evolved and adapted to their particular functions during cell division. (bbk.ac.uk)
- More than half of the human kinesins are involved in cell division including one called MKLP2. (elifesciences.org)
- In further essential functioning, kinesin is necessary during cell division for the assembly of spindles, separation of centrosomes and attachment of chromosomes to spindles. (news-medical.net)
- Further studies postulate that kinesin may play a further role in providing tension inside the cell for kinetochore fibers, as well as disassembling kinetochores and driving the movement of poleward chromosomes via microtubule de-polymerization in anaphase. (news-medical.net)
- This certainly diminishes cell function, and may be contributing to the outcomes of the anesthesia," said Susan Gilbert , professor and head of the Department of Biological Sciences at Rensselaer and a leading expert on kinesins. (rpi.edu)