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MonosaccharidesDisaccharidesCarbohydrate SequenceGalactoseCarbohydratesOligosaccharidesPolysaccharidesCarbohydrate ConformationMannoseMonosaccharide Transport ProteinsFucoseAcetylglucosamineCarbohydrate MetabolismHexosesSugar AlcoholsFructoseLectinsGlycosidesAcetylgalactosamineXylosePlant LectinsGlycosylationRhamnoseSorboseGlycoconjugatesGlucoseMethylglycosidesGlucosamineMolecular Sequence DataLipid AHexosaminesGalactosephosphatesRiboseGlycoside HydrolasesGlycolipidsPhlorhizinAngelica sinensisGlycopeptidesGlycoproteinsMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopySialic AcidsAmanitaUronic AcidsNeuraminic AcidsN-Acetylneuraminic AcidAmino SugarsUridine Diphosphate SugarsArabinosePolyisoprenyl Phosphate MonosaccharidesGalactosamineAstragalus membranaceusSucroseProfessional Staff CommitteesCookingLigninMethylglucosidesGlucose Transporter Type 5Sulfuric AcidsErythrinaSubstrate SpecificityHydrolysisMannosidesBiological TransportSugar Acidsbeta-MannosidaseGalactansMannose-Binding LectinsGalactosyltransferasesStructure-Activity RelationshipPolysaccharides, BacterialChromatography, GasMolecular StructurePentosesBorohydridesChromatography, High Pressure LiquidGlucuronatesGlycosphingolipidsChromatography, Ion ExchangeMass SpectrometryGlycosaminoglycansSpectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationMaltoseBoratesDisaccharidasesChromatography, AffinityChemistryHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationSodium-Glucose Transporter 1Amino Acid SequenceChemical Phenomena3-O-MethylglucoseIntestinal AbsorptionHeparitin SulfateGlucuronic AcidO AntigensPectinsGlycosyltransferasesRaffinoseCell WallSulfatases
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars, carbohydrates which cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis. They are colorless crystalline substances with a sweet taste and have the same general formula CnH2nOn. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides containing two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond.
Carbohydrate Sequence
The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS.
Galactose
An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.
Carbohydrates
The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.
Oligosaccharides
Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form.
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrate Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a carbohydrate.
Mannose
A hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Monosaccharide Transport Proteins
A large group of membrane transport proteins that shuttle MONOSACCHARIDES across CELL MEMBRANES.
Fucose
Acetylglucosamine
The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.
Hexoses
Sugar Alcohols
Polyhydric alcohols having no more than one hydroxy group attached to each carbon atom. They are formed by the reduction of the carbonyl group of a sugar to a hydroxyl group.(From Dorland, 28th ed)
Fructose
A monosaccharide in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding.
Lectins
Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.
Glycosides
Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)
Acetylgalactosamine
The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.
Xylose
Plant Lectins
Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.
Glycosylation
The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.
Rhamnose
A methylpentose whose L- isomer is found naturally in many plant glycosides and some gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides.
Sorbose
A ketose sugar that is commonly used in the commercial synthesis of ASCORBIC ACID.
Glycoconjugates
Carbohydrates covalently linked to a nonsugar moiety (lipids or proteins). The major glycoconjugates are glycoproteins, glycopeptides, peptidoglycans, glycolipids, and lipopolysaccharides. (From Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, 2d ed; From Principles of Biochemistry, 2d ed)
Glucose
A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.
Methylglycosides
Glucosamine
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Lipid A
Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.
Hexosamines
Galactosephosphates
Phosphoric acid esters of galactose.
Ribose
A pentose active in biological systems usually in its D-form.
Glycoside Hydrolases
Glycolipids
Any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic moiety such as an acylglycerol (see GLYCERIDES), a sphingoid, a ceramide (CERAMIDES) (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate. (From IUPAC's webpage)
Phlorhizin
Angelica sinensis
A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is the source of dong quai.
Glycopeptides
Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.
Glycoproteins
Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).
Sialic Acids
A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. They are ubiquitously distributed in many tissues.
Amanita
A genus of fungi of the family Agaricaceae, order Agaricales; most species are poisonous.
Uronic Acids
Acids derived from monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (From Stedmans, 26th ed)
Neuraminic Acids
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid
An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518)
Amino Sugars
SUGARS containing an amino group. GLYCOSYLATION of other compounds with these amino sugars results in AMINOGLYCOSIDES.
Uridine Diphosphate Sugars
Arabinose
Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Monosaccharides
These compounds function as activated monosaccharide carriers in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and oligosaccharide phospholipids. Obtained from a nucleoside diphosphate sugar and a polyisoprenyl phosphate.
Galactosamine
Astragalus membranaceus
A plant species of the Astragalus genus which is source of Huang qi preparation used in TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE.
Sucrose
A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener.
Professional Staff Committees
Committees of professional personnel who have responsibility for determining policies, procedures, and controls related to professional matters in health facilities.
Cooking
The art or practice of preparing food. It includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various diseases.
Lignin
The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Methylglucosides
Glucose Transporter Type 5
A hexose transporter that mediates FRUCTOSE transport in SKELETAL MUSCLE and ADIPOCYTES and is responsible for luminal uptake of dietary fructose in the SMALL INTESTINE.
Sulfuric Acids
Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as SULFATES and SULFURIC ACID ESTERS respectively.
Erythrina
A genus of leguminous shrubs or trees, mainly tropical, yielding useful compounds such as ALKALOIDS and PLANT LECTINS.
Substrate Specificity
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
Hydrolysis
The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.
Mannosides
Glycosides formed by the reaction of the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon atom of mannose with an alcohol to form an acetal. They include both alpha- and beta-mannosides.
Biological Transport
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.
Sugar Acids
beta-Mannosidase
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides. The enzyme plays a role in the lysosomal degradation of the N-glycosylprotein glycans. Defects in the lysosomal form of the enzyme in humans result in a buildup of mannoside intermediate metabolites and the disease BETA-MANNOSIDOSIS.
Galactans
Polysaccharides composed of repeating galactose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages.
Mannose-Binding Lectins
A subclass of lectins that are specific for CARBOHYDRATES that contain MANNOSE.
Galactosyltransferases
Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of galactose from a nucleoside diphosphate galactose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.
Structure-Activity Relationship
The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.
Polysaccharides, Bacterial
Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.
Chromatography, Gas
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
Molecular Structure
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
Pentoses
A class of carbohydrates that contains five carbon atoms.
Borohydrides
A class of inorganic or organic compounds that contain the borohydride (BH4-) anion.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
Glucuronates
Derivatives of GLUCURONIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the 6-carboxy glucose structure.
Glycosphingolipids
Lipids containing at least one monosaccharide residue and either a sphingoid or a ceramide (CERAMIDES). They are subdivided into NEUTRAL GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS comprising monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylsphingoids and monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylceramides; and ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS which comprises sialosylglycosylsphingolipids (GANGLIOSIDES); SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS (formerly known as sulfatides), glycuronoglycosphingolipids, and phospho- and phosphonoglycosphingolipids. (From IUPAC's webpage)
Chromatography, Ion Exchange
Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.
Mass Spectrometry
An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.
Glycosaminoglycans
Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine.
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.
Maltose
A dextrodisaccharide from malt and starch. It is used as a sweetening agent and fermentable intermediate in brewing. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Borates
Inorganic or organic salts and esters of boric acid.
Disaccharidases
Chromatography, Affinity
A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Chemistry
A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1
The founding member of the sodium glucose transport proteins. It is predominately expressed in the INTESTINAL MUCOSA of the SMALL INTESTINE.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Chemical Phenomena
The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.
3-O-Methylglucose
A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504)
Intestinal Absorption
Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.
Heparitin Sulfate
A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.
Glucuronic Acid
A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.
O Antigens
The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Pectins
High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
Glycosyltransferases
Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl groups to an acceptor. Most often another carbohydrate molecule acts as an acceptor, but inorganic phosphate can also act as an acceptor, such as in the case of PHOSPHORYLASES. Some of the enzymes in this group also catalyze hydrolysis, which can be regarded as transfer of a glycosyl group from the donor to water. Subclasses include the HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES; PENTOSYLTRANSFERASES; SIALYLTRANSFERASES; and those transferring other glycosyl groups. EC 2.4.
Raffinose
A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.
Cell Wall
The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.
Sulfatases
Africa, Eastern
The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI; DJIBOUTI; ETHIOPIA; KENYA; RWANDA; SOMALIA; SUDAN; TANZANIA; and UGANDA.
Gastropoda
A class in the phylum MOLLUSCA comprised of SNAILS and slugs. The former have coiled external shells and the latter usually lack shells.
Lactose
A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.
Chromatography, Gel
Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.
Heparin
A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.
Optical Rotation
The rotation of linearly polarized light as it passes through various media.
Malabsorption Syndromes
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.
Anomia
A language dysfunction characterized by the inability to name people and objects that are correctly perceived. The individual is able to describe the object in question, but cannot provide the name. This condition is associated with lesions of the dominant hemisphere involving the language areas, in particular the TEMPORAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p484)
Mucins
High molecular weight mucoproteins that protect the surface of EPITHELIAL CELLS by providing a barrier to particulate matter and microorganisms. Membrane-anchored mucins may have additional roles concerned with protein interactions at the cell surface.
Periodic Acid
A strong oxidizing agent.
Sorbitol
A polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. It is also used in many manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications.

Gas-liquid chromatography of the heptafluorobutyrate derivatives of the O-methyl-glycosides on capillary columns: a method for the quantitative determination of the monosaccharide composition of glycoproteins and glycolipids. (1/850)

We have developed a method involving the formation of hepta-fluorobutyrate derivatives of O-methyl-glycosides liberated from glycoproteins and glycolipids following methanolysis. The stable derivatives of the most common monosaccharides of these glycoconjugates (Ara, Rha, Xyl, Fuc, Gal, Man, Glc, GlcNAc, GalNAc, Neu5Ac, KDN) can be separated and quantitatively and reproducibly determined with a high degree of sensitivity level (down to 25 pmol) in the presence of lysine as an internal standard. The GlcNAc residue bound to Asn in N-glycans is quantitatively recovered as two peaks. The latter were easily distinguished from the other GlcNAc residues of N-glycans, thus allowing a considerable improvement of the data on structure of N-glycans obtained from a single carbohydrate analysis. The most common contaminants present in buffers commonly used for the isolation of soluble or membrane-bound glycoproteins (SDS, Triton X-100, DOC, TRIS, glycine, and polyacrylamide or salts, as well as monosaccharide constituents of proteoglycans or degradation products of nucleic acids) do not interfere with these determinations. A carbohydrate analysis of glycoproteins isolated from a SDS/PAGE gel or from PDVF membranes can be performed on microgram amounts without significant interferences. Since fatty acid methyl esters and sphingosine derivatives are separated from the monosaccharide peaks, the complete composition of gangliosides can be achieved in a single step starting from less than 1 microg of the initial compound purified by preparative Silicagel TLC. Using electron impact ionization mass spectrometry, reporter ions for the different classes of O-methyl-glycosides (pentoses, deoxy-hexoses, hexoses, hexosamines, uronic acids, sialic acid, and KDN) allow the identification of these compounds in very complex mixtures. The mass of each compound can be determined in the chemical ionization mode and detection of positive or negative ions. This method presents a considerable improvement compared to those using TMS derivatives. Indeed the heptafluorobutyrate derivatives are stable, and acylation of amino groups is complete. Moreover, there is no interference with contaminants and the separation between fatty acid methyl-esters and O-methyl glycosides is achieved.  (+info)

Salivary mucin MG1 is comprised almost entirely of different glycosylated forms of the MUC5B gene product. (2/850)

The MG1 population of mucins was isolated from human whole salivas by gel chromatography followed by isopycnic density gradient centrifugation. The reduced and alkylated MG1 mucins, separated by anion exchange chromatography, were of similar size (radius of gyration 55-64 nm) and molecular weight (2.5-2.9 x 10(6) Da). Two differently-charged populations of MG1 subunits were observed which showed different reactivity with monoclonal antibodies to glycan epitopes. Monosaccharide and amino acid compositional analyses indicated that the MG1 subunits had similar glycan structures on the same polypeptide. An antiserum recognizing the MUC5B mucin was reactive across the entire distribution, whereas antisera raised against the MUC2 and MUC5AC mucins showed no reactivity. Western blots of agarose gel electrophoresis of fractions across the anion exchange distribution indicated that the polypeptide underlying the mucins was the product of the MUC5B gene. Amino acid analysis and peptide mapping performed on the fragments produced by trypsin digestion of the two MG1 populations yielded data similar to that obtained for MUC5B mucin subunits prepared from respiratory mucus (Thornton et al., 1997) and confirmed that the MUC5B gene product was the predominant mucin polypeptide present. Isolation of the MG1 mucins from the secretions of the individual salivary glands (palatal, sublingual, and submandibular) indicate that the palatal gland is the source of the highly charged population of the MUC5B mucin.  (+info)

Arginine-aminoglycoside conjugates that bind to HIV transactivation responsive element RNA in vitro. (3/850)

HIV gene expression is crucially dependent on binding of the viral Tat protein to the transactivation RNA response element. A number of synthetic Tat-transactivation responsive element interaction inhibitors of peptide/peptoid nature were described as potential antiviral drug prototypes. We present a new class of peptidomimetic inhibitors, conjugates of L-arginine with aminoglycosides. Using a gel-shift assay and affinity chromatography on an L-arginine column we found that these compounds bind specifically to the transactivation responsive element RNA in vitro with Kd values in the range of 20-400 nM, which is comparable to the Kd of native Tat bound to the transactivation responsive element (10-12 nM). Confocal microscopy studies demonstrated that fluorescein-labelled conjugate penetrates into live cells. High affinity to the transactivation responsive element, low toxicity, and relative simplicity of synthesis make these compounds attractive candidates for antiviral drug design.  (+info)

Geography of intestinal permeability and absorption. (4/850)

BACKGROUND: Intestinal morphology and function vary geographically. AIMS: These functions were assessed in asymptomatic volunteers in European, North American, Middle Eastern, Asian, African, and Caribbean countries. METHODS: Five hour urine collections were obtained from each subject following ingestion of a 100 ml iso-osmolar test solution containing 3-0-methyl-D-glucose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, and lactulose after an overnight fast, to assess active (3-0-methyl-D-glucose) and passive (D-xylose) carrier mediated, and non-mediated (L-rhamnose) absorption capacity, as well as intestinal permeability (lactulose:rhamnose ratio). RESULTS: A comparison of results for subjects from tropical countries (n=218) with those resident in the combined temperate and subtropical region (Europe, United States, Qatar) (n=224) showed significant differences. Residents in tropical areas had a higher mean lactulose:rhamnose ratio and lower mean five hour recoveries of 3-0-methyl-D-glucose, D-xylose, and L-rhamnose, indicating higher intestinal permeability and lower absorptive capacity. Investigation of visiting residents suggested that differences in intestinal permeability and absorptive capacity were related to the area of residence. Subjects from Texas and Qatar, although comprised of several ethnic groups and resident in a subtropical area, showed no significant difference from European subjects. CONCLUSIONS: There are clearly demarcated variations in intestinal permeability and absorptive capacity affecting asymptomatic residents of different geographical areas which correspond with the condition described as tropical enteropathy. Results suggest the importance of environmental factors. The parameters investigated may be relevant to the predisposition of the indigenous population and travellers to diarrhoeal illness and malnutrition. Intestinal function in patients from the tropics may be difficult to interpret, but should take into account the range of values found in the asymptomatic normal population.  (+info)

Structural analysis of a novel putative capsular polysaccharide from Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) caryophylli strain 2151. (5/850)

A novel putative capsular polysaccharide consisting of D-Glcp and D-Fruf in the molar ratio of 1:1 was isolated as minor constituent from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fraction of Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) caryophylli. Its structure was determined, using mainly one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, as: -->6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->1)-beta-D-Fruf-(2-->.  (+info)

Recombinant glycoproteins that inhibit complement activation and also bind the selectin adhesion molecules. (6/850)

Soluble human complement receptor type 1 (sCR1, TP10) has been expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) DUKX-B11 cells and shown to inhibit the classical and alternative complement pathways in vitro and in vivo. A truncated version of sCR1 lacking the long homologous repeat-A domain (LHR-A) containing the C4b binding site has similarly been expressed and designated sCR1[desLHR-A]. sCR1[desLHR-A] was shown to be a selective inhibitor of the alternative complement pathway in vitro and to function in vivo. In this study, sCR1 and sCR1[desLHR-A] were expressed in CHO LEC11 cells with an active alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase, which makes possible the biosynthesis of the sialyl-Lewisx (sLex) tetrasaccharide (NeuNAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc) during post-translational glycosylation. The resulting glycoproteins, designated sCR1sLex and sCR1[desLHR-A]sLex, respectively, retained the complement regulatory activities of their DUKX B11 counterparts, which lack alpha(1-3)-fucose. Carbohydrate analysis of purified sCR1sLex and sCR1[desLHR-A]sLex indicated an average incorporation of 10 and 8 mol of sLex/mol of glycoprotein, respectively. sLex is a carbohydrate ligand for the selectin adhesion molecules. sCR1sLex was shown to specifically bind CHO cells expressing cell surface E-selectin. sCR1[desLHR-A]sLex inhibited the binding of the monocytic cell line U937 to human aortic endothelial cells, which had been activated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha to up-regulate the expression of E-selectin. sCR1sLex inhibited the binding of U937 cells to surface-adsorbed P-selectin-IgG. sCR1sLex and sCR1[desLHR-A]sLex have thus demonstrated both complement regulatory activity and the capacity to bind selectins and to inhibit selectin-mediated cell adhesion in vitro.  (+info)

Sequential deglycosylation and utilization of the N-linked, complex-type glycans of human alpha1-acid glycoprotein mediates growth of Streptococcus oralis. (7/850)

Streptococcus oralis is the agent of a large number of infections in immunocompromised patients, but little is known regarding the mechanisms by which this fermentative organism proliferates in vivo. Glycoproteins are widespread within the circulation and host tissues, and could provide a source of fermentable carbohydrate for the growth of those pathogenic organisms with the capacity to release monosaccharides from glycans via the production of specific glycosidases. The ability of acute phase serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein to support growth of S.oralis in vitro has been examined as a model for growth of this organism on N-linked glycoproteins. Growth was accompanied by the production of a range of glycosidases (sialidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and beta-D-galactosidase) as measured using the 4-methylumbelliferone-linked substrates. The residual glycoprotein glycans remaining during growth of this organism were released by treatment with hydrazine and their analysis by HPAEC-PAD and MALDI demonstrated extensive degradation of all glycan chains with only terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues attached to asparagines of the protein backbone remaining when growth was complete. Monosaccharides were released sequentially from the glycans by S.oralis glycosidases in the order sialic acid, galactose, fucose, nonterminal N-acetylglucosamine, and mannose due to the actions of exo-glycosidic activities, including mannosidases which have not previously been reported for S.oralis. All released monosaccharides were metabolized during growth with the exception of fucose which remained free in culture supernatants. Direct release of oligosaccharides was not observed, indicating the absence of endo-glycosidases in S.oralis. We propose that this mechanism of deglycosylation of host glycoproteins and the subsequent utilization of released monosaccharides is important in the survival and persistence of this and other pathogenic bacteria in vivo.  (+info)

Structural and serological studies on the O-antigen of Proteus mirabilis O14, a new polysaccharide containing 2-[(R)-1-carboxyethylamino]ethyl phosphate. (8/850)

An O-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of Proteus mirabilis O14 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and found to contain D-galactose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glalactose, phosphate, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-D-alanine (D-AlaEtn), and O-acetyl groups. Studies of the initial and O-deacetylated polysaccharides using one- and two-dimensional 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, including COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, H-detected 1H,13C heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence, and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation experiments, demonstrated the following structure of the repeating unit: [equation: see text] This is the second bacterial polysaccharide reported to contain alpha-D-Galp6PAlaEtn, whereas the first one was the O-antigen of P. mirabilis EU313 taken erroneously as strain PrK 6/57 from the O3 serogroup [Vinogradov, E. V., Kaca, W., Shashkov, A.S., Krajewska-Pietrasik, D., Rozalski, A., Knirel, Y.A. & Kochetkov, N.K. (1990) Eur. J. Biochem., 188, 645-651]. Anti-(P. mirabilis O14) serum cross-reacted with LPS of P. mirabilis EU313 and vice versa in passive hemolysis and ELISA. Absorption of both O-antisera with the heterologous LPS decreased markedly but did not abolish the reaction with the homologous LPS. These and chemical data indicated that both strains have similar but not identical O-antigens. Therefore, we propose that P. mirabilis EU313 should belong to a new subgroup of the O14 serogroup.  (+info)

Sugar, Monosaccharides and Disaccharides In Detail - Sample
Monosaccharides are colorless crystalline substances with a sweet taste. Sometimes monosaccharides are commonly known as monosaccharide sugar. Monosaccharides are classified by size according to the number of carbon atoms in the chain of the monosaccharides. For example monosaccharides called dioses has tow carbon ring backbone, monosaccharide trioses has three carbon ring backbone, and monosaccharides heptose has seven carbon ring backbone.. ...
http://trihomecare.com/2957-2/
Monosaccharide - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaMonosaccharide - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates. They consist of one sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, crystalline solids. Some monosaccharides have a sweet taste. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose (dextrose), fructose, galactose, and ribose. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides like sucrose (common sugar) and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and starch). Further, each carbon atom that supports a hydroxyl group (except for the first and last) is chiral, giving rise to a number of isomeric forms all with the same chemical formula. For instance, galactose and glucose are both aldohexoses, but they have different chemical and physical properties. ...
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosaccharide
57.2 CLASSIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES | Chemistry Assignment
Carbohydrates are classified into three major categories depending upon their behaviour towards hydrolysis:. 1. MONOSACCHARIDES. These are simple carbohydrates which cannot be hydrolysed to simpler carbohydrates. About 20 monosaccharides are known to occur in nature. Glucose and fructose are common examples.. 2. OLIGOSACCHARIDES. These are the carbohydrates which on hydrolysis give two to ten units of monosaccharides. Accordingly, they may be further divided into di, tri or tetrasaccharides depending upon the actual number of monosaccharide units formed by the hydrolysis of a particular oligosaccharide.. Disaccharides give two units of monosaccharides on hydrolysis. The two monosaccharide units obtained on hydrolysis of a disaccharide may be same or different. Common examples are sucrose and maltose. Both have molecular formula C12H22O11.. Sucrose on hydrolysis gives one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose whereas maltose on hydrolysis gives two molecules of glucose ...
http://www.chemistry-assignment.com/57-2-classification-of-carbohydrates
Carbohydrate - Heteropolysaccharides | BritannicaCarbohydrate - Heteropolysaccharides | Britannica
Carbohydrate - Carbohydrate - Heteropolysaccharides: In general, heteropolysaccharides (heteroglycans) contain two or more different monosaccharide units. Although a few representatives contain three or more different monosaccharides, most naturally occurring heteroglycans contain only two different ones and are closely associated with lipid or protein. The complex nature of these substances has made detailed structural studies extremely difficult. The major heteropolysaccharides include the connective-tissue polysaccharides, the blood group substances, glycoproteins (combinations of carbohydrates and proteins) such as gamma globulin, and glycolipids (combinations of carbohydrates and lipids), particularly those found in the central nervous system of animals and in a wide variety of plant gums. The most important
https://www.britannica.com/science/carbohydrate/Heteropolysaccharides
The use of monosaccharides in metal-catalyzed coupling reactions - University of Huddersfield RepositoryThe use of monosaccharides in metal-catalyzed coupling reactions - University of Huddersfield Repository
The addition of monosaccharides to metal-catalyzed coupling reactions can be beneficial in terms of decreasing the time required, chemical waste products and overall cost of the process. Monosaccharides are used in a number of different ways, including: (a) acting as a ligand for the metal, (b) providing the appropriate reduction potential for a chemical process and (c) acting as a reducing agent for the formation and stabilization of catalytically active metal nanoparticles. Recently, there has been a significant amount of research in this growing field and there is thus the potential for the addition of monosaccharides to coupling reactions to have significant impact on the synthesis of the important small molecules on which we have all come to rely. This Perspectives Article will cover recent developments in the addition of monosaccharides to metal-catalyzed coupling reactions with an emphasis on their utility and limitations in order to facilitate the further development of this exciting ...
http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/30311/
Synthesis of a C-glycoside analogue of β-D -galactosyl threonineSynthesis of a C-glycoside analogue of β-D -galactosyl threonine
This thesis describes stereoselective syntheses of four amino acids, three of which are C-glycosidic analogues of glycosylated amino acids. The overall goal of the project was to probe the interactions between MHC molecules, glycopeptide antigens and T cell receptors, that are essential for development of collagen induced arthritis. Collagen induced arthritis is a frequently used mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that attacks joint cartilage and leads to a painful and eventually crippling condition.. The thesis is based on four studies. The first study describes the synthesis of hydroxylysine, an amino acid that is found in collagen and is an important constituent of the glycopeptide proposed as an antigen in collagen induced arthritis. During the synthesis of hydroxylysine some new insight into the mechanism of the reductive opening of p-methoxybenzylidene acetals was obtained.. The remaining three studies deals with the synthesis of C-glycosidic analogues of ...
http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:144018
Continuous outpatient service, surgery or endoscopy… drinking glucose all the time is actually very harmful to the body. -...Continuous outpatient service, surgery or endoscopy… drinking glucose all the time is actually very harmful to the body. -...
Carbohydrates mainly include the following:. Sugar: In English labels, it is indicated by [sugar]. They include a single [polyhydroxy aldehyde and ketone] molecule (i.e. [monosaccharide]) and [disaccharide] formed by condensation of two monosaccharide molecules.. Glucose, fructose and galactose are the most common monosaccharides, while sucrose, lactose and maltose are the most common disaccharides. Honey, brown sugar, crystal sugar, maltose, high fructose syrup, corn syrup and rice syrup are the commercial states of monosaccharides and disaccharides from different sources.. In the digestive tract, disaccharide molecules can be quickly hydrolyzed into monosaccharides, which can be quickly absorbed into the blood. Different monosaccharides have different effects on health. For example, glucose increases blood sugar content, which is the enemy of diabetics, and fructose increases the risk of [metabolic syndrome].. Therefore, WHO recommends that the daily intake of added sugar should not exceed 10% ...
https://www.hizy.net/archives/continuous-outpatient-service-surgery-or-endoscopy-drinking-glucose-all-the-time-is-actually-very-harmful-to-the-body/
Transport of monosaccharides | Scientist SolutionsTransport of monosaccharides | Scientist Solutions
I have been desperately scouring PubMed trying to find information on how different monosaccharides gain entry into the cell. More specifically, I need to know how sulfated monosaccharides (6 sulfated glucosamine/galactosame, N-sulfated glucosamine/galactosamine, GalNac, etc) get into the cell ie. whether this is by some form of facilitated diffusion by sugar transporters, passive diffusion, active transport etc ...
http://scientistsolutions.com/forum/biochemistry-metabolism/transport-monosaccharides
Reagent-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of C-Glycosides. | Semantic ScholarReagent-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of C-Glycosides. | Semantic Scholar
A reagent-controlled protocol for divergent and regio- and stereo-selective synthesis of C-glycosides has been established and the silence of the directing effect of o-DPPB was achieved by the introduction of ZnCl2 additive, which is operationally simple and efficient. Leveraging on the exquisitely turning on or switching off the directing effect of the C3-OH located o-diphenylphosphanylbenzoyl (o-DPPB) group in glycals, a reagent-controlled protocol for divergent and regio- and stereo-selective synthesis of C-glycosides has been established. In particularly, the silence of the directing effect of o-DPPB was achieved by the introduction of ZnCl2 additive, which is operationally simple and efficient. The flexibility of the novel protocol was exhibited not only by the easy access of both α- and β-C-glycosides but also by the versatility of the obtained formal Ferrier rearrangement products, which can be easily derivatized to various C-glycoside analogues owing to the embedded multi-functionalities.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Reagent-Controlled-Divergent-Synthesis-of-Han-Liu/46c393172ef8be2a06f8be3d445389858e77f63e
Monosaccharide | chemical compound | Britannica.comMonosaccharide | chemical compound | Britannica.com
Monosaccharide: Monosaccharide, any of the basic compounds that serve as the building blocks of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones; that is, they are molecules with more than one hydroxyl group (−OH), and a carbonyl group (C=O) either at the terminal carbon atom (aldose) or at the
https://www.britannica.com/science/monosaccharide
compare and contrast the variety of amino acids with that of monosaccharidescompare and contrast the variety of amino acids with that of monosaccharides
Since there are twenty amino acids, there are only three types of monosaccharides; the large amount of variety is due to the changing in R groups. These monosaccharides are glucose, fructose and galactose. In contrast, there are only two types of fatty acids, saturated and unsaturated. In conclusion, amino acids exhibit the greatest structural variability.. ...
https://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1265931896
JFB | Free Full-Text | Citrate-Linked Keto- and Aldo-Hexose Monosaccharide Cellulose Conjugates Demonstrate Selective Human...JFB | Free Full-Text | Citrate-Linked Keto- and Aldo-Hexose Monosaccharide Cellulose Conjugates Demonstrate Selective Human...
Sequestration of harmful proteases as human neutrophil elastase (HNE) from the chronic wound environment is an important goal of wound dressing design and function. Monosaccharides attached to cellulose conjugates as ester-appended aldohexoses and ketohexoses were prepared on cotton gauze as monosccharide-citrate-cellulose-esters for HNE sequestration. The monosaccharide-cellulose analogs demonstrated selective binding when the derivatized cotton dressings were measured for sequestration of HNE. Each monosaccharide-cellulose conjugate was prepared as a cellulose citrate-linked monosaccharide ester on the cotton wound dressing, and assayed under wound exudate-mimicked conditions for elastase sequestration activity. A series of three aldohexose and four ketohexose ester cellulose conjugates were prepared on cotton gauze through citric acid-cellulose cross linking esterification. The monosaccharide portion of the conjugate was characterized by hydrolysis of the citrate-monosaccharide ester bond, and
http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/4/2/59/htm
How many words make out of MonosaccharidesHow many words make out of Monosaccharides
List of words make out of Monosaccharides. All anagrams of Monosaccharides. Words made after unscrambling Monosaccharides. Scrabble Points.
https://wordcreation.info/how-many-words-made-out-of-monosaccharides.html
Reply To: Is 1 gram of sugar OK - curry paste?Reply To: Is 1 gram of sugar OK - curry paste?
There are polysaccharides, disaccarides, and monosaccharides. From my research polysaccharides and disaccarides (like bread and such) ferment longer in the gut, where monosaccharides can absorb more quickly. Polysaccharides and disaccharides are longer chains and take longer to break down whereas monosaccharides absorb more quickly. For someone with Candida, monosaccharides are not ideal because it means the Candida can absorb more quickly, and depending on where it has grown to e.g. moved its way into your small intestine, it can be bad eating sugar. From my understanding, Candida is typically located in the colon, but it works its way up into the small intestine and else where, sometimes even in the mouth when it gets pathogenic. If it is not within your small intestine, monosaccharides in small amounts I presume would be absorbed before they hit the colon. I would try to avoid sugar in general and when things become manageable and never eat processed sugar if you can keep from it. Since we ...
https://www.thecandidadiet.com/forums/topic/is-1-gram-of-sugar-ok-curry-paste-80/
Sialic acid and monosaccharide analyses : WatersSialic acid and monosaccharide analyses : Waters
UPLC, UHPLC, and HPLC-based C18 columns that assist scientists with the analysis and quantitation of important glycan derived components.
https://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/Sialic-acid-and-monosaccharide-analyses/nav.htm?locale=101&cid=134924180
The Role of Carbohydrates in Living Organisms - A-Level Science - Marked by Teachers.comThe Role of Carbohydrates in Living Organisms - A-Level Science - Marked by Teachers.com
Introduction. The Role of Carbohydrates in Living Organisms Carbohydrates are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The general formula is Cx(H2O)y. There are many different types of carbohydrates present in living organisms, each playing an important role in maintaining life of organisms. Monosaccharides are a group of carbohydrates, which include simple sugars such as glucose, fructose and galactose. Monosaccharides are classified according to the number of carbon atoms they possess. Trioses such as glyceraldehyde, and dihydroxyacetone contain three carbon atoms. The phosphorylated form of glyceraldehyde is the first formed sugar in photosynthesis, and may (like dihydroxyacetone) be used as respiratory substrate, or is converted to starch for storage. ...read more. Middle. Galactose, mannose and fructose are three principal respiratory substrates in organisms. Additionally, Galactose is central in the synthesis of lactose. Fructose is also involved in the synthesis of insulin, ...
http://www.markedbyteachers.com/as-and-a-level/science/the-role-of-carbohydrates-in-living-organisms.html
Most Reliable Mature Dating Online Website No Subscription - Creative Solution Tech
Brush a little sauce on the wings at the end of grilling for caramelized flavor, then toss them in more sauce before serving for full spicy saturation. Later information provided by local staff suggests, however, that this species has gone extinct there. Specifically mightyena, oddish, trapinch, phanphy, swasbuck, gastrodon, spheal, piloswine, excadrill, heracross, vullaby, and cacturne. Mitochondria -an organelle that specializes in atp formation, the powerhouse of the cell. The cyclic pyranose forms of various monosaccharides are often drawn in a flat projection known as a haworth formula, after the british chemist, norman haworth. A new aluminum frame was engineered in a distinctive shape with square tubes stretching back over and around the top of the engine, then turning sharply downwards just past the carburetors to beneath the engine where they met the lower tubes. The civic center has several rooms that can be rented by the public to hold meetings, seminars and workshops. There are two ...
https://www.creativesolution.tech/2019/09/22/%EF%BB%BFmost-reliable-mature-dating-online-website-no-subscription/
Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Bacterial Exopolysaccharides from Extreme Marine Habitats: Production, Characterization and...Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Bacterial Exopolysaccharides from Extreme Marine Habitats: Production, Characterization and...
Many marine bacteria produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a strategy for growth, adhering to solid surfaces, and to survive adverse conditions. There is growing interest in isolating new EPS producing bacteria from marine environments, particularly from extreme marine environments such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents characterized by high pressure and temperature and heavy metal presence. Marine EPS-producing microorganisms have been also isolated from several extreme niches such as the cold marine environments typically of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, characterized by low temperature and low nutrient concentration, and the hypersaline marine environment found in a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems such as salt lakes and salterns. Most of their EPSs are heteropolysaccharides containing three or four different monosaccharides arranged in groups of 10 or less to form the repeating units. These polymers are often linear with an average molecular weight ranging from 1 × 105 to 3 × 105 Da.
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/8/6/1779/notes
MonosaccharidesMonosaccharides
Two very important Monosaccharides are Ribose and Deoxyribose. Ribose is used for the construction of Ribonucleic Acid (RNA), and Deoxyribose to build Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). The ring structure diagram for each molecule is as follows ...
http://www.biocab.org/Monosaccharides.html
FIGURE 4.1, [Biosynthesis and interconversion of monosaccharides...]. - Essentials of Glycobiology - NCBI BookshelfFIGURE 4.1, [Biosynthesis and interconversion of monosaccharides...]. - Essentials of Glycobiology - NCBI Bookshelf
Biosynthesis and interconversion of monosaccharides. The relative contributions of each pathway under physiological conditions are unknown. (Rectangles) Donors; (ovals) monosaccharides; (asterisks) control points; (6PG) 6-phosphogluconate; (PEP) phosphoenolpyruvate; (KDN) 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galactonononic acid; (Dol) dolichol.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1929/figure/ch4.f1/?report=objectonly
carbohyd - Carbohydrates Typical formula Cx(H2O)y eg glucose C6H12O6 Structure-Simplest carbohydrates are monosaccharides one...carbohyd - Carbohydrates Typical formula Cx(H2O)y eg glucose C6H12O6 Structure-Simplest carbohydrates are monosaccharides one...
View carbohyd from CHEM 322 at SUNY Oneonta. Carbohydrates Typical formula: Cx(H2O)y, eg glucose: C6H12O6. Structure -Simplest carbohydrates are monosaccharides; one sugar unit. Monosaccharides can
https://www.coursehero.com/file/9013092/carbohyd/
Monosaccharide - Definition, Function, Structure and Examples | Biology DictionaryMonosaccharide - Definition, Function, Structure and Examples | Biology Dictionary
A monosaccharide is the most basic form of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides can by combined through glycosidic bonds to form larger carbohydrates, known as oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.
https://biologydictionary.net/monosaccharide/
MonosaccharideMonosaccharide
Monosaccharide Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar) are the simplest carbohydrates. They cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler sugars. They
https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Monosaccharide.html
Monosaccharide Synonyms, Monosaccharide Antonyms | Thesaurus.comMonosaccharide Synonyms, Monosaccharide Antonyms | Thesaurus.com
Synonyms for monosaccharide at Thesaurus.com with free online thesaurus, antonyms, and definitions. Dictionary and Word of the Day.
http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/monosaccharide
Inch By Inch Lifestyle The Cause Obesity Part 3: Eating Carbohydrates - Inch By Inch Lifestyle
Whichever way you eat them, the body essentially breaks them down into monosaccharides (glucose, fructose or galactose). These monosaccharides are then absorbed and taken to the liver. The liver is a like a 54 year old mother of two in China working her second job manufacturing clothing for the Western world. In other words, it does a heap of work but doesnt get much recognition for it. Anyway, the liver does some crazy magical abracadabra-type voodoo stuff to all these monosaccharides and converts pretty much all of it into glucose. Classic attention seeking teenager behaviour. The glucose is then released into the blood and begins to fulfill its role as the bodys favourite energy source.. When glucose enters the blood, the pancreas knows immediately. As if glucose is a long lost love, it knows as soon as they are in town. In response, the pancreas releases something called insulin. Insulin works to help the glucose enter the bodys cells thereby allowing it to perform its magic. Without ...
http://inchbyinchlifestyle.com/2017/05/29/causes-obesity-pt-3-eating-carbohydrates/
Lecture 3: Biochemistry 2 | Video Lectures | Introduction to Biology | Biology | MIT OpenCourseWareLecture 3: Biochemistry 2 | Video Lectures | Introduction to Biology | Biology | MIT OpenCourseWare
Good morning, class. Nice to see you again. Hope you had a great weekend. If you didnt, it wasnt because of the weather. So here I am, once again a member of the walking wounded, and were talking about carbohydrates today, as you may recall, or at least we were at the end of our discussion last time. And, we made the point that these multiple hydroxyl groups on the carbohydrates, on the one hand, determine the identity of various kinds of sugars. Just the orientation, the three-dimensional orientation of them, for one thing, and for another that these multiple hydroxyl groups represent the opportunity for forming covalent bonds with other monosaccharides as is indicated here in these disaccharides, or covalent bonds end-to-end to create large molecules, which will increasingly be the theme of our discussion today, i.e. when I talk about large molecules, we just used the phrase generically, macromolecules, since in principle these end to end joinings of molecules which involve the dehydration ...
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-012-introduction-to-biology-fall-2004/video-lectures/lecture-3-biochemistry-2/
Fructose Does Not Undergo Hydrolysis Because It Is A - gabrieldroberts.com
Hydrolysis is a reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. The reaction mainly occurs between an ion and water molecules and often changes the pH of a solution.. Fructose Does Not Undergo Hydrolysis Because It Is A - Classification Of Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates, also known as saccharides, are classified according to the number of single carbohydrate molecules in each chemical structure. Carbohydrate compounds having just one carbohydrate molecule are called monosaccharides; compounds with two carbohydrate molecules are called dissarcharides; and those compounds containing more than two carbohydrate molecules are named polysaccharides. All carbohydrates either are monosaccharides or can be hydrolyzed (broken down) into two or more monosaccharides.. For further understanding of these different classifications of carbohydrates, the monosaccharides and disaccharides can be grouped together and compared with the polysaccharides. This can be done because monosaccharides and ...
http://gabrieldroberts.com/fructose-does-not-undergo-hydrolysis-because-it-is-a/
Insulin and Cancer - a brilliant Mechanism of Action - WeeksMDInsulin and Cancer - a brilliant Mechanism of Action - WeeksMD
The hormone insulin is recognized as having actions that affect the transmembrane transport of different substances, particularly glucose, into numerous different kinds of cells. Insulin is a large polypeptide molecule with a molecular weight of 5808. It consists of an A chain and a B chain, connected together by two disulfide bridges. The hormone is made in the beta cells of the pancreas, and the stimulus for its secretion into the blood stream is a rise in the blood glucose concentration. Its actions on liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle have all been studied in great detail, and it is now recognized that insulin also affects a wide variety of tissues in addition to just these three.(1). Apart from the membrane transport of glucose, insulin also regulates the transport of some amino acids, some fatty acids, potassium, magnesium, and certain other monosaccharides. Furthermore, it mediates the formation of macromolecules in cells which are used in cell structure, energy stores, and in ...
http://weeksmd.com/2010/10/insulin-and-cancer-a-brilliant-mechanism-of-action/
Green methodology for the synthesis of new C-glycoside surfactants</em>...
TY - CONF. T1 - Green methodology for the synthesis of new C-glycoside surfactants. AU - Ranoux, ACM. AU - Lemiegre, L. AU - Benvegnu, T. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. KW - Geen BTA classificatie. M3 - Poster. Y2 - 25 October 2010 through 27 October 2010. ER - ...
https://research.tudelft.nl/en/publications/green-methodology-for-the-synthesis-of-new-c-glycoside-surfactant
sugar | Infopleasesugar | Infoplease
compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen belonging to a class of substances called carbohydrates . Sugars fall into three groups: the monosaccharides, disaccharides, and trisaccharides. The monosaccharides are the simple sugars; they include fructose
https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/chemistry/organic/sugar
What Are the Subunits of Carbohydrates? | Reference.comWhat Are the Subunits of Carbohydrates? | Reference.com
Carbohydrates are separated into three subunits: monosaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Monosaccharides are the smallest of the subunits and are made up of single sugar molecules. The...
https://www.reference.com/world-view/subunits-carbohydrates-30eb8de241ef46f4
Phenomenex HPLC Application #14969: Monosaccharides with organic acids using Rezex ROAPhenomenex HPLC Application #14969: Monosaccharides with organic acids using Rezex ROA
HPLC Application #14969: Monosaccharides with organic acids using Rezex ROA. Column used: Rezex™ ROA-Organic Acid H+ (8%), LC Column 300 x 7.8 mm, Ea Part#: 00H-0138-K0
http://www.phenomenex.com/Application/Detail/14969
A molecular colour sensor for monosaccharides - Opus
Ward, C. J., Patel, P., Ashton, P. R. and James, T. D., 2000. A molecular colour sensor for monosaccharides. Chemical Communications, 2000 (3), pp. 229-230.. ...
http://opus.bath.ac.uk/24738/
glucose - Humpath.com - Human pathology
Definition: The glucose (Glc) is a monosaccharide (or simple sugar) also known as grape sugar, blood sugar, or corn sugar. The name glucose (...)
http://humpath.com/spip.php?article3608
Altrose - wikidocAltrose - wikidoc
Altrose is an aldohexose sugar. It is an unnatural monosaccharide. It is soluble in water and practically insoluble in methanol. Altrose is a C-3 epimer of mannose. ...
http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Altrose
Cell-volume-normalized concentration of (a, d, g) monos | Open-iCell-volume-normalized concentration of (a, d, g) monos | Open-i
Cell-volume-normalized concentration of (a, d, g) monosaccharide and (b, e, h) polysaccharide excreted by the cells as well as (c, f, i) cellular concentration
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4295860_pone.0116659.g004&req=4
Fill in the blank about Chemistry of Life: Carboh... - OpenStudyFill in the blank about Chemistry of Life: Carboh... - OpenStudy
Fill in the blank about Chemistry of Life: Carbohydrates 1) Disaccharides- Made up of _________ monosaccharides would the answer be 2?2 would be c...
http://openstudy.com/updates/50ddbc73e4b0f2b98c86bac3
Is this really how chords are made now? (deadmau5) - Gearslutz Pro Audio CommunityIs this really how chords are made now? (deadmau5) - Gearslutz Pro Audio Community
Was watching this video claiming to be a tutorial about Deadmau5 chords, was just wondering if these are the actual type of chords he uses?? Youd need
https://www.gearslutz.com/board/electronic-music-instruments-and-electronic-music-production/639635-really-how-chords-made-now-deadmau5.html
Influence of EDTA, carboxylic acids, amino- and hydroxocarboxylic acids and monosaccharides on the generation of arsines in...
The influence of EDTA, carboxylic acids, amino-and hydroxocarboxylic acids, monosaccharides and humic substances on the generation of arsines in hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) was investigated. EDTA (0.02 mol L−1), ascorbic acid (0.02 mol L−1) and glucose or fructose (0.2 mol L−1) are useful additives for levelling sensitivities for As(III), monomethylarsonate (MMA) and dimethylarsinate (DMA). The presence of glycine, malonic, tartaric acids, BICIN and soil humin extracts leads to differences in analytical signal response between these arsenic species. An analytical application to the determination of the sum of As(III), monomethylarsonate (MMA) and dimethylarsinate (DMA) as well as the sum of toxicologically relevant hydride forming arsenic fraction As(III) + As(V) + MMA + DMA in EDTA soil/sediment extracts using continuous flow HGAAS was demonstrated. The limit of detection was 0.2 mg kg−1 As. Within-day and between-day precision were in the range 3-7% and ...
http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.-psjd-doi-10_2478_s11532-008-0006-7
Monosaccharide - Post-Modern LifeMonosaccharide - Post-Modern Life
A carbohydrate[ Carbohydrate, Carb, Saccharide ] A group of organic compounds occurring in living tissues, comprising of sugars, starches, and cellulose. Carbohydrates can be divided into four chemical groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Shorter-chain carbohydrates (monosaccharides and disaccharides) are generally sweet tasting are commonly referred to as sugars. More molecule that cannot be further hydrolysedThe enzymatic cleavage of chemical bonds involving water. For instance, amylose is hydrolysed into glucose in the presence of amylase, a digestive enzyme. More into simpler carbohydrates[ Carbohydrate, Carb, Saccharide ] A group of organic compounds occurring in living tissues, comprising of sugars, starches, and cellulose. Carbohydrates can be divided into four chemical groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Shorter-chain carbohydrates (monosaccharides and disaccharides) are generally sweet tasting are ...
https://postmodern.life/glossary/monosaccharide/
What are monosaccharides ? - Own ClassesWhat are monosaccharides ? - Own Classes
Monosaccharides are simple sugars with only one sachharide unit. These cannot be hydrolysed into simpler forms. A monosaccharide containing an aldehydic group (-CHO) in its molecule is called aldose. The glucose and galactose are aldoses. A monosaccharide which contains a keto group (| C = O) in its molecule is called ketose. Fructose is a ketose.
https://www.ownclasses.com/question/ovra11006436
Changes of monosaccharide availability of human hybridoma lead to alteration of biological properties of human monoclonal...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Changes of monosaccharide availability of human hybridoma lead to alteration of biological properties of human monoclonal antibody. AU - Tachibana, Hirofumi. AU - Taniguchi, Kiyotaka. AU - Ushio, Yoshitaka. AU - Teruya, Kiichiro. AU - Osada, Kazuhiro. AU - Murakami, Hiroki. PY - 1994/1/1. Y1 - 1994/1/1. N2 - The effect of glucose and other monosaccharide availability in culture medium on production of antibody by human hybridomas has been studied. Human hybridoma cells C5TN produce an anti lung cancer human monoclonal antibody, and the light chain is N-glycosylated at the variable region. When the cell line was grown in the presence of various concentrations of glucose, the antibodies produced changed their antigen-binding activities. Analysis of the light chains produced under these condition revealed that four molecular-mass variant light chains ranging from about 26 to 32 kDa were secreted. The twenty six-kDa species, which corresponds to a non-glycosylated form of the light ...
https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/changes-of-monosaccharide-availability-of-human-hybridoma-lead-to
Most recent papers with the keyword prokaryotic cell | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword prokaryotic cell | Read by QxMD
Herein we present a comparative study about the photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive model) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative model) employing a neutral and a dicationic axially functionalized SiIV phthalocyanine. Depending on the charge of the siloxane moiety (neutral monosaccharide or cationic ammonium salt), different interactions with the bacteria were observed and a differential photoinactivation was facilitated. The intensity of the fluorescence labelling correlated with the photoinactivation of the two types of bacteria: while the neutral species only significantly affected the Gram-positive cells, we observed that the positively charged photosensitizer interacted both with the Gram-positive and with the Gram-negative models ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/103151
Food Science and Biotechnology | Korea ScienceFood Science and Biotechnology | Korea Science
To characterize the polysaccharides which exist as soluble forms in fruit wines, crude polysaccharides were isolated from red, white, raspberry, wild grape, and pear wine, respectively. Among them, the crude polysaccharide (RW-0) in red wine showed the highest yield and considerable amounts of thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-positive materials. The pectic polysaccharide RW-2 was purified to homogeneity from RW-0 by subsequent size-exclusion chromatography using Sephadex G-75 and its structure was characterized. RW-2 consisted of 14 different monosaccharides which included rarely observed sugars in general polysaccharides, such as 2-O-methyl-fucose, 2-O-methyl-xylose, apiose (Api), 3-C-carboxy-5-deoxy-L-xylose (aceric acid, AceA), 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (Kdo), and 3-deoxy-D-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha). Methylation analysis indicated that RW-2 comprised at least 20 different glycosyl linkages such as 3,4-linked fucose, 2,3,4-linked rhamnose, 3-linked apiose, and 2,3,3-linked apiose, ...
http://koreascience.or.kr/journal/E1SPB8/v16n2.page
Carbohydrate : Wikis (The Full Wiki)
Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are composed of longer chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic bonds. The distinction between the two is based upon the number of monosaccharide units present in the chain. Oligosaccharides typically contain between three and ten monosaccharide units, and polysaccharides contain greater than ten monosaccharide units. Definitions of how large a carbohydrate must be to fall into each category vary according to personal opinion. Examples of oligosaccharides include the disaccharides mentioned above, the trisaccharide raffinose and the tetrasaccharide stachyose.. Oligosaccharides are found as a common form of protein posttranslational modification. Such posttranslational modifications include the Lewis and ABO oligosaccharides responsible for blood group classifications and so of tissue incompatibilities, the alpha-Gal epitope responsible for hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation, and O-GlcNAc modifications.. Polysaccharides represent an ...
http://www.thefullwiki.org/Carbohydrate
Tetrasaccharide - WikipediaTetrasaccharide - Wikipedia
A tetrasaccharide is a carbohydrate which gives upon hydrolysis four molecules of the same or different monosaccharides. For example, stachyose upon hydrolysis gives one molecule each of glucose and fructose and two molecules of galactose. The general formula of a tetrasaccharide is typically C24H42O21 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrasaccharide
Dr Maria BawnDr Maria Bawn
With Prof. John Ward and Prof. Helen Hailes, I am working on the project Bio-derived feedstocks for sustainable, UK-based manufacture of pharmaceuticals and their intermediates using sugar beet pulp as feedstock. I am investigating the production of value-added chemicals from different monosaccharides from sugar beet pulp using biocatalysis. Furthermore, using principles of synthetic biology, I hope to engineer a host organism to synthesise the desired product from sugar beet pulp in a single integrated process.. ...
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/biochemeng/people/pdra/bawn-m
BIFUNCTIONAL MOLECULES WITH ANTIBODY-RECRUITING AND ENTRY INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AGAINST THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS -...BIFUNCTIONAL MOLECULES WITH ANTIBODY-RECRUITING AND ENTRY INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AGAINST THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS -...
0121] X is CH2, O, N--R1, or S, preferably O; R1 is H or C1-C3 alkyl; and Z is a bond, a monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide, glycoprotein or glycolipid, preferably a sugar group, more preferably a sugar group selected from the monosaccharides, including aldoses and ketoses, and disaccharides, including those disaccharides described herein. Monosaccharide aldoses include monosaccharides such as aldotriose (D-glyceraldehyde, among others), aldotetroses (D-erythrose and D-Threose, among others), aldopentoses, (D-ribose, D-arabinose, D-xylose, D-lyxose, among others), aldohexoses (D-allose, D-altrose, D-Glucose, D-Mannose, D-gulose, D-idose, D-galactose and D-Talose, among others), and the monosaccharide ketoses include monosaccharides such as ketotriose (dihydroxyacetone, among others), ketotetrose (D-erythrulose, among others), ketopentose (D-ribulose and D-xylulose, among others), ketohexoses (D-Psicone, D-Fructose, D-Sorbose, D-Tagatose, among others), aminosugars, including ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20120269766
Comparative feeding experiments | Feeding | API BienenfutterComparative feeding experiments | Feeding | API Bienenfutter
Bees have various enzymes, of which invertase is the most important for the digestion of carbohydrates. It breaks down the disaccharide sucrose into its component monosaccharides, fructose and glucose. These monosaccharides are available to the bees as nutrients relatively quickly. The disaccharide maltose contained in starch-conversion products is broken down much more slowly into glucose, and is thus less readily available to the bees as a nutrient. In some cases, the proportion of maltose in the feed deposited in the hive had increased by the end of the winter, which is an indication of further reactions. The resulting oligosaccharides either cannot be assimilated at all by the bees, or only poorly ...
http://www.bienenfutter.eu/en/Fuetterung/Vergleichende-Fuetterungsversuche/
Fructose Archives - gabrieldroberts.com
Fructose Does Not Undergo Hydrolysis Because It Is A - Fructose is a easy ketonic monosaccharide discovered in many plant life. Monosaccharides are the simplest units of carbohydrates and the only shape of sugar. due to the fact they cannot get broken into some other portions, as they do not possess any achiral carbon atom ...
https://gabrieldroberts.com/category/fructose/
Indication-specific dosing for 2-Aminodeoxyglucose sulfate, amino monosaccharide, chitosamine glucosamine sulfate in...Indication-specific dosing for 2-Aminodeoxyglucose sulfate, amino monosaccharide, chitosamine glucosamine sulfate in...
Medscape - Indication-specific dosing for 2-Aminodeoxyglucose sulfate, amino monosaccharide, chitosamine glucosamine sulfate in combination, frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & lactation schedules, and cost information.
https://reference.medscape.com/drug/2-aminodeoxyglucose-sulfate-amino-monosaccharide-glucosamine-sulfate-344469
Monosaccharides - Cyclization Video & Text Solutions For College Students | Clutch PrepMonosaccharides - Cyclization Video & Text Solutions For College Students | Clutch Prep
Practice solving Monosaccharides - Cyclization problems. Master even the most complex scientific problems with our step-by-step explanation videos.
https://www.clutchprep.com/organic-chemistry/practice-problems/monosaccharides-cyclization
Data Representations | GMMLData Representations | GMML
Overview This document describes the monosaccharide representation scheme used by GMML in its monosaccharide identification. It is essentially a monosaccharide shorthand for humans to use when needing to translate a visual representation of a cyclic monosaccharide into its name. Since it is also linearizable, it is similarly useful in computer programs. Rationales 1. Ease of communication […]. ...
http://glycam.org/docs/gmml/category/data-representations/
DisaccharideDisaccharide
TheInfoList.com - (Disaccharide) A DISACCHARIDE (also called a DOUBLE SUGAR or BIOSE ) is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides (simple sugars) are joined by glycosidic linkage. Like monosaccharides, disaccharides are soluble in water. Three common examples are sucrose , lactose , and maltose . Disaccharides are one of the four chemical groupings of carbohydrates (monosaccharides , disaccharides, oligosaccharides , and polysaccharides )
http://www.theinfolist.com/php/HTMLGet.php?FindGo=disaccharide
Disaccharides - Barista HustleDisaccharides - Barista Hustle
Back to Glossary Index. aka a double sugar, are a class of sugars formed when two monosaccharides are bonded by glycosidic linkage (a type of covalent bond specific to carbohydrates) Sucrose is a disaccharide.. ...
https://www.baristahustle.com/glossary/disaccharides/
Daily Online News: CarbohydratesDaily Online News: Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are a common class of simple organic compouds. A carbohydrate is an aldehyde or a ketone that has additional hydroxyl groups. The simplest carbohydrates are called monosaccharides, which has the basic structure (C·H2O)n, where n is three or greater. Monosaccharides link together to form oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Two monosaccharides link together to form a disaccharide ...
https://mr-chemist.blogspot.com/2009/11/carbohydrates.html
Polysaccharide - Unionpedia, the concept mapPolysaccharide - Unionpedia, the concept map
Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages, and on hydrolysis give the constituent monosaccharides or oligosaccharides. 125 relations.
https://en.unionpedia.org/Polysaccharide
Saccharides and Glycosides (Inhibitors Agonists Modulators Antagonists)-MedChemExpress.com
Saccharide is also called carbohydrate, consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms. Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy (e.g. starch and glycogen) and as structural components. The 5-carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component of coenzymes (e.g. ATP, FAD and NAD) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as RNA. The related deoxyribose is a component of DNA. Saccharides and their derivatives include many other important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune system, fertilization, preventing pathogenesis, blood clotting, and development.. A glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store ...
http://update.medchemexpress.com/NaturalProducts/Saccharides%20and%20Glycosides.html
Saccharides and Glycosides | 天然产物 | MCESaccharides and Glycosides | 天然产物 | MCE
Saccharide is also called carbohydrate, consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms. Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy (e.g. starch and glycogen) and as structural components. The 5-carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component of coenzymes (e.g. ATP, FAD and NAD) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as RNA. The related deoxyribose is a component of DNA. Saccharides and their derivatives include many other important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune system, fertilization, preventing pathogenesis, blood clotting, and development.. A glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store ...
https://www.medchemexpress.cn/NaturalProducts/Saccharides%20and%20Glycosides.html
Food preference
Carbohydrates are fuel. The have the empirical structure CH2O. If you encounter a molecule with this ratio, it is a carbohydrate. For example, glucose is C6H12O6. Monosaccharides contain one sugar. Polysaccharides are chains of sugars bound together. Since separating polysaccharides is energetically expensive, they take longer to catabolize. Conversely, monosaccharides provide a quick infusion of energy ...
https://studentreader.com/CWQMV/food-preference/
What Are the Simplest Carbohydrates Called? | Reference.comWhat Are the Simplest Carbohydrates Called? | Reference.com
The simplest carbohydrates are called monosaccharides, which have a carbon chain length of between three and seven. Many simple sugars are monosaccharides, including glucose and fructose. Note that...
https://www.reference.com/science/simplest-carbohydrates-called-cd4b3c634d3bc21a
Network Portal - Function glycoprotein biosynthetic process
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.. ...
http://networks.systemsbiology.net/function/GO:0009101/
Systematic study on free radical hydrothiolation of unsaturated monosaccharide derivatives with exo- and endocyclic double...Systematic study on free radical hydrothiolation of unsaturated monosaccharide derivatives with exo- and endocyclic double...
Exo- and endocyclic double bonds of glycals and terminal double bonds of enoses were reacted with various thiols by irradiation with UV light in the presence of a cleavable photoinitiator. The photoinduced radical-mediated hydrothiolation reactions showed highly varying overall conversions depending not only
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2013/OB/C3OB40547H?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2FOB+%28RSC+-+Org.+Biomol.+Chem.+latest+articles%29
Some approaches to the innovative chemical use of sucrose and related monosaccharidesSome approaches to the innovative chemical use of sucrose and related monosaccharides
With bibliogr., with a summary in Dutch, dissertation University of Nijmegen, 1994 Promotores : B. Zwanenburg en G. Chittenden ...
https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/30051
Casio CE-4700 Instruction manualCasio CE-4700 Instruction manual
ELECTRONIC CASH REGISTER CE-2400 OPERATORS INSTRUCTION MANUAL TOTAL CHANGE CI AMOUNT 2¢00 Introduction Welcome to the CASIO CE-2400! Congratulations upon your selection of a CASIO Electronic Cash Register, which is designed to provide years of reliable operation. Operation of a CASIO cash register is simple enough to be mastered without special training. Everything you need to know is included in this manual, so keep it on hand for reference. Consult your CASIO dealer if you have any questions about points not specifically covered in this manual. CASIO AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER If your Casio product needs repair, or you wish to purchase replacement parts, please call 1-800-YO-CASIO for the authorized service center nearest your home. If for any reason this product is to be returned to the store where purchased, it must be packed in the original carton/package. If you need programming assistance, please call 1-800-638-9228. Thank you. GUIDELINE LAID DOWN BY FCC RULES FOR USE OF THE UNIT IN THE ...
http://manualzz.com/doc/1190235/casio-ce-4700-instruction-manual
Designated organic active ingredient containing (doai) > Carbohydrate (i.e., saccharide radical containing) doai > Dissacharide...
Description: Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient contains two saccharide radicals bonded via a glycosidic linkage and which on hydrolysis yields two units of monosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose, maltose, etc ...
http://www.patentgenius.com/class/514/53.html
Pro Supps Pure Karbolyn [3430110] : VitaBuilding.com, The Bodybuilding-Sports Supplements StorePro Supps Pure Karbolyn [3430110] : VitaBuilding.com, The Bodybuilding-Sports Supplements Store
VitaBuilding.com Pro Supps Pure Karbolyn [3430110] - Details : Pure Karbolyn, OrangeSugar Free & Gluten Free, Radically Increases energy and recovery, superior muscle swelling formula. Karbolyn is a homopolysaccharide (relatively complex carbohydrate). Karbolyn is made up of many monosaccharides joined together y glycosidic bonds. These are very large bonds that are branched macromolecules.
http://www.vitabuilding.com/carbohydrate-c-786/pro-supps-pure-karbolyn-p-6043.html
Pro Supps Pure Karbolyn [3430116] : VitaBuilding.com, The Bodybuilding-Sports Supplements StorePro Supps Pure Karbolyn [3430116] : VitaBuilding.com, The Bodybuilding-Sports Supplements Store
VitaBuilding.com Pro Supps Pure Karbolyn [3430116] - Details : Pure Karbolyn, UnflavoredSugar Free & Gluten Free, Radically Increases energy and recovery, superior muscle swelling formula. Karbolyn is a homopolysaccharide (relatively complex carbohydrate). Karbolyn is made up of many monosaccharides joined together y glycosidic bonds. These are very large bonds that are branched macromolecules.
http://www.vitabuilding.com/carbohydrate-c-786/pro-supps-pure-karbolyn-p-5247.html
L-Arabinose | The Ingredient HouseL-Arabinose | The Ingredient House
L Arabinose is a monosaccharide containing 5 carbon atoms. L-Arabinose is a white crystalline powder with a sweetness about 50% of that of sugar. ...
http://theingredienthouse.com/product/l-arabinose/
Uronic Acids | CTDUronic Acids | CTD
Acids derived from monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (From Stedmans, 26th ed ...
http://ctdbase.org/detail.go?type=chem&acc=D014574
Glucose sugar molecule - Stock Image A673/0041 - Science Photo LibraryGlucose sugar molecule - Stock Image A673/0041 - Science Photo Library
Glucose, molecular model. Atoms are represented as spheres and are colour-coded: carbon (orange), oxygen (yellow) and hydrogen (red). Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that is utilised by the body as an energy source. - Stock Image A673/0041
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/9212/view
What is dextrose made of | www.QACollections.comWhat is dextrose made of | www.QACollections.com
Dextrose is a monosaccharide and a naturally occurring food sugar. Commonly known as glucose, d-glucose or blood sugar, dextrose is made up of six carbon molecules, twelve hydrogen molecules, six oxygen molecules and one water molecule.Source:Dextrose & Maltodextrin an in-depth analysisDictionary: Dextrose
http://www.qacollections.com/What-is-dextrose-made-of
VDict - Definition of sugarVDict - Definition of sugar
an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain ...
https://vdict.com/sugar,7,0,0.html
I.H.C. Chempharm公司提供的Dextrose mono -- 食品、飲料與營養保健品I.H.C. Chempharm公司提供的Dextrose mono -- 食品、飲料與營養保健品
Dextrose, fructose, and glucose are all monosaccharides, known as simple sugars. These sugars can combine to form more complex sugars, including the dis...
https://www.ulprospector.com/zh-tw/asia/Food/Detail/13168/367119/Dextrose-mono
Fructose for DiabetesFructose for Diabetes
I believe fructose, a monosaccharide commonly maligned around the internet, shows some promise as a dietary adjunct to treat type 2 diabetes. Several diet trials have been conducted which demonstrated its beneficial effects on this population. In a 9 week study on ambulatory type 2 diabetics, 60 grams of crystalline fructose was added to the…
https://thehealthhammer.wordpress.com/2013/04/23/fructose-for-diabetes/
Testosterone MagazineTestosterone Magazine
Carbohydrates. Theyre the current bad guys of nutrition, but are they really all that bad? Can you tell the difference between a polysaccharide and a monosaccharide? Is that Jared kid from the Subway commercials really as big a dork as he appears to be? These and other questions are answered by John Berardi, Lonnie Lowery and Cy Willson. ...
http://getbig.com/magazine/testos/test0306.htm
What is a glycosidic bond? :: Bio Innovations - Stories about BiotechnologyWhat is a glycosidic bond? :: Bio Innovations - Stories about Biotechnology
Monosaccharides including sugar can be linked together in condensation reactions. As an example, sucrose (table sugar) is formed from one molecule of glucose and one of fructose, as shown below. Molecules...
http://silt3.com/GlycosidesResearch/what-is-a-glycosidic-bond
Synonyms and Antonyms for demerara-sugar | Synonym.comSynonyms and Antonyms for demerara-sugar | Synonym.com
an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain. ...
http://www.synonym.com/synonyms/demerara-sugar
What the hell am I doing with my life? | Everything is BloomingWhat the hell am I doing with my life? | Everything is Blooming
I have almost no idea why I attend biology lecture. My brain refuses to store scientific information. All the words sound the same. Monosaccharide, tubules, microtubules, mitochondria...I hear them and I know they have to do with cell organelles (right?), but they mean nothing to me. Also, why am I in college? If this is…
https://everythingisblooming.com/2011/09/23/what-the-hell-am-i-doing-with-my-life/?shared=email&msg=fail
Curso Online CE-6710 para COSERN-RN - Conprove EngenhariaCurso Online CE-6710 para COSERN-RN - Conprove Engenharia
Em busca de treinamento para utilizar as malas da CONPROVE? Tivemos a oportunidade de conhecer e instruir o pessoal da COSERN-RN para utilizar a mala de
https://conprove.com/curso-online-ce-6710-para-cosern-rn/
MonosaccharideMonosaccharide
Most monosaccharides have the formula C nH 2nO n (though not all molecules with this formula are monosaccharides). Examples of ... In aqueous solutions monosaccharides exist as rings if they have more than four carbons. Simple monosaccharides have a linear ... The number of open chain stereoisomers for an aldose monosaccharide is larger by one than that of a ketose monosaccharide of ... Monosaccharides are the simplest units of carbohydrates and the simplest form of sugar. If the carbonyl is at position 1 (that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosaccharide
Monosaccharide nomenclatureMonosaccharide nomenclature
Some of these monosaccharides are only synthetically prepared in the laboratory and not found in nature. For monosaccharides in ... Monosaccharide nomenclature is the naming system of the building blocks of carbohydrates, the monosaccharides, which may be ... Every simple monosaccharide has an acyclic (open chain) form, which can be written as H − ( CH ( OH ) ) x − ( C = O ) − ( CH ( ... Monosaccharides are subunits that cannot be further hydrolysed in to simpler units. Depending on the number of carbon atom they ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosaccharide_nomenclature
Monosaccharide-transporting ATPaseMonosaccharide-transporting ATPase
... and monosaccharide, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and monosaccharide. This enzyme belongs to the family of ... In enzymology, a monosaccharide-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + H2O ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP phosphohydrolase (monosaccharide-importing). This enzyme participates in abc ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosaccharide-transporting_ATPase
UTP-monosaccharide-1-phosphate uridylyltransferaseUTP-monosaccharide-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
UDP-monosaccharide Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UTP and monosaccharide 1-phosphate, whereas its two products are ... In enzymology, an UTP-monosaccharide-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.64) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... "UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase with broad substrate specificity toward various monosaccharide 1-phosphates from pea sprouts". J. ... diphosphate and UDP-monosaccharide. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTP-monosaccharide-1-phosphate_uridylyltransferase
Xylose metabolismXylose metabolism
D-Xylose is a five-carbon aldose (pentose, monosaccharide) that can be catabolized or metabolized into useful products by a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylose_metabolism
Human nutritionHuman nutrition
Monosaccharides contain one sugar unit, disaccharides two, and polysaccharides three or more. Monosaccharides include glucose, ... "Carbohydrates That Contain Monosaccharides". Healthy eating. Lean, Michael E.J. (2015). "Principles of human nutrition". ... Carbohydrates range from simple monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose) to complex polysaccharides (starch). Fats are ... Carbohydrates may be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides depending on the number of monomer (sugar ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_nutrition
Blood sugar levelBlood sugar level
Levine R (1986). "Monosaccharides in health and disease". Annual Review of Nutrition. 6: 211-24. doi:10.1146/annurev.nu. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_sugar_level
AsprosinAsprosin
Levine R (1986). "Monosaccharides in health and disease". Annual Review of Nutrition. 6: 211-224. doi:10.1146/annurev.nu. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asprosin
Silver nanoparticleSilver nanoparticle
The monosaccharide must have a free ketone group because in order to act as a reducing agent it first undergoes tautomerization ... Smaller nanoparticles were formed at high pH levels due to the concentration of the monosaccharides. Another method of silver ... There are many ways silver nanoparticles can be synthesized; one method is through monosaccharides. This includes glucose, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_nanoparticle
Robert J. FerrierRobert J. Ferrier
His reviews were of particular benefit to the chemical community but perhaps of most value was the book "Monosaccharide ... Ferrier, R.J.; Collins, P.M. (1995). Monosaccharides: Their chemistry and their roles in natural products. Chichester, New York ... Ferrier, R.J.; Collins, P.M. (1972). Monosaccharide Chemistry. Hammondsworth: Penguin. OCLC 9225402. ... Ferrier continued to lead work on the monosaccharides, specialising in their use as starting materials for the synthesis of non ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Ferrier
MonomerMonomer
For carbohydrates, the monomers are monosaccharides. The most abundant natural monomer is glucose, which is linked by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomer
HemicelluloseHemicellulose
... are added to increase the transition of polysaccharide to monosaccharides. This catalyst also has been shown to also utilize a ... This converts the hemicellulose into monosaccharides. When pretreatment is done with bases (for instance sodium or potassium ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemicellulose
Carbohydrate chemistryCarbohydrate chemistry
This can include the synthesis of monosaccharide residues or structures containing more than one monosaccharide, known as ... Individual saccharide residues are termed monosaccharides. Carbohydrate synthesis is a sub-field of organic chemistry concerned ... Anomeric effect Carbohydrate Carbohydrate conformation Disaccharide Glycosidic bond Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Glycobiology ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_chemistry
CarbohydrateCarbohydrate
The monosaccharide units can then enter into monosaccharide catabolism. A 2 ATP investment is required in the early steps of ... The smallest monosaccharides, for which n=3, are dihydroxyacetone and D- and L-glyceraldehydes. Monosaccharides are classified ... If the carbonyl group is an aldehyde, the monosaccharide is an aldose; if the carbonyl group is a ketone, the monosaccharide is ... The general chemical formula of an unmodified monosaccharide is (C•H2O)n, literally a "carbon hydrate". Monosaccharides are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate
oseose
... pentose is a five-carbon monosaccharide, and hexose is a six-carbon monosaccharide. Aldehyde monosaccharides may be called ... Monosaccharides, the simplest sugars, may be named according to the number of carbon atoms in each molecule of the sugar: ... aldoses; ketone monosaccharides may be called ketoses. Larger sugars such as disaccharides and polysaccharides can be named to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-ose
Anomeric effectAnomeric effect
Box, V. G. S. (1991). "The role of lone pair interactions in the chemistry of the monosaccharides. Stereo-electronic effects in ... Box, V. G. S. (1990). "The role of lone pair interactions in the chemistry of the monosaccharides. The anomeric effect". ... the chemistry of monosaccharides. Hyperconjugation is also found in acyclic molecules containing heteroatoms, another form of ... unsaturated monosaccharides". Heterocycles. 32 (4): 795-807. doi:10.3987/REV-91-425. Sundberg, Francis A. Carey; Richard J. ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomeric_effect
BiochemistryBiochemistry
A monosaccharide can switch between acyclic (open-chain) form and a cyclic form. The open-chain form can be turned into a ring ... Many monosaccharides joined form a polysaccharide. They can be joined in one long linear chain, or they may be branched. Two of ... Two monosaccharides can be joined by a glycosidic or ester bond into a disaccharide through a dehydration reaction during which ... The reverse reaction in which the glycosidic bond of a disaccharide is broken into two monosaccharides is termed hydrolysis. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry
FructoseFructose
All three dietary monosaccharides are transported into the liver by the GLUT2 transporter. Fructose and galactose are ... It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed by the gut directly into ... High-fructose corn syrup is a mixture of glucose and fructose as monosaccharides. Sucrose is a compound with one molecule of ... The absorption capacity for fructose in monosaccharide form ranges from less than 5 g to 50 g (per individual serving) and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose
DisaccharideDisaccharide
The dehydration reaction that bonds monosaccharides into disaccharides (and also bonds monosaccharides into more complex ... The joining of monosaccharides into a double sugar happens by a condensation reaction, which involves the elimination of a ... This results in neither monosaccharide being left with a hemiacetal unit that is free to act as a reducing agent. Sucrose and ... Like monosaccharides, disaccharides are simple sugars soluble in water. Three common examples are sucrose, lactose, and maltose ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaccharide
Food chemistryFood chemistry
A chain of monosaccharides form to make a polysaccharide. Such polysaccharides include pectin, dextran, agar, and xanthan. Some ... The simplest version of a carbohydrate is a monosaccharide which contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio under a ... general formula of CnH2nOn where n is a minimum of 3. Glucose and fructose are examples of monosaccharides. When combined in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chemistry
Biomolecular engineeringBiomolecular engineering
Common monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and ribose. When linked together monosaccharides can form disaccharides, ... These monosaccharides consist of a five to six carbon ring that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen - typically in a 1:2:1 ... Common dissacharides, two monosaccharides joined, are sucrose, maltose, and lactose. Important polysaccharides, links of many ... oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides: the nomenclature is dependent on the number of monosaccharides linked together. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecular_engineering
BiomoleculeBiomolecule
The presence of an aldehyde group in a monosaccharide is indicated by the prefix aldo-. Similarly, a ketone group is denoted by ... Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides, or two single simple sugars, form a bond with removal of water. They can be ... Polysaccharides are polymerized monosaccharides, or complex carbohydrates. They have multiple simple sugars. Examples are ... A diverse range of biomolecules exist, including: Small molecules: Lipids, fatty acids, glycolipids, sterols, monosaccharides ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule
Carbohydrate synthesisCarbohydrate synthesis
A disaccharide is formed from two monosaccharides. Oligosaccharides can be formed by a small number of monosaccharides linked ... This can include the synthesis of monosaccharide residues or structures containing more than one monosaccharide, known as ... The number of monosaccharides, ring size, the different anomeric stereochemistry, and the existence of the branched-chain ... Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, are carbohydrates that can not be converted into smaller sugars by hydrolysis. When ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_synthesis
GlycoproteinGlycoprotein
Monosaccharides commonly found in eukaryotic glycoproteins include:: 526 The sugar group(s) can assist in protein folding, ... The carbohydrate may be in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide(s). oligosaccharide(s), polysaccharide(s), or their ... There are 10 common monosaccharides in mammalian glycans including: glucose (Glc), fucose (Fuc), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), ... Glycocalyx Glycome Glycopeptide Gp120 Gp41 Miraculin P-glycoprotein Proteoglycan Ribophorin Glycan Protein Monosaccharides ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoprotein
GalactoseGalactose
... is a monosaccharide. When combined with glucose (another monosaccharide) through a condensation reaction, the result ... Galactose (/ɡəˈlæktoʊs/, galacto- + -ose, "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactose
Glycated hemoglobinGlycated hemoglobin
Most monosaccharides, including glucose, galactose and fructose, spontaneously (i.e. non-enzymatically) bond with hemoglobin, ... "Reaction of monosaccharides with proteins: possible evolutionary significance". Science. 213 (4504): 222-224. Bibcode:1981Sci ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin
Nucleotide sugarNucleotide sugar
To act as glycosyl donors, those monosaccharides should exist in a highly energetic form. This occurs as a result of a reaction ... Nucleotide sugars are the activated forms of monosaccharides. Nucleotide sugars act as glycosyl donors in glycosylation ... the phosphorylated sugar alcohol ribitol phosphate is incorporated into matriglycan as if it were a monosaccharide. In other ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide_sugar
Molecular mechanicsMolecular mechanics
Box VG (12 November 1998). "The anomeric effect of monosaccharides and their derivatives. Insights from the new QVBMM molecular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_mechanics
Beta-galactosidaseBeta-galactosidase
Allolactose can also be cleaved to form monosaccharides. It can also hydrolyze lactose into galactose and glucose which will ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-galactosidase
MortierellaMortierella
Monosaccharides are most frequently used for the growth. Yeast extract and soybean meal are widely used as nitrogen source. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortierella
The ring structure of glucose indicates that it is a(an) A. monosaccharide B. disaccharide C. fatty acid D. nucleotide E....The ring structure of glucose indicates that it is a(an) A. monosaccharide B. disaccharide C. fatty acid D. nucleotide E....
... monosaccharide B. disaccharide C. fatty acid D. nucleotide E. amino acid and find homework help for other Science questions at ... Monosaccharides are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates.. Two monosaccharides can join by a covalent bond called ... Monosaccharides contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with twice as many H to O atoms. An example of a ... The answer to your question is that the ring structure of glucose indicates that it is a monosaccharide or choice A. If it were ...
https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/ring-structure-glucose-indicates-that-an-789263
Degradation kinetics of monosaccharides in hydrochloric, sulfuric, and sulfurous acid :: BioResourcesDegradation kinetics of monosaccharides in hydrochloric, sulfuric, and sulfurous acid :: BioResources
The concentration of monosaccharides in the prepared reaction mixture was 0.002 mol/L for each monosaccharide. The ... Determination of monosaccharides from sulfurous acid treatment. For the determination of monosaccharides from sulfurous acid ... Protective Effects of Sulfurous Acid on Monosaccharides during Acid Treatment. The reduced degradation of monosaccharides in H2 ... Generally, the degradation of monosaccharides in acids proceeds from the protonation of carbonyl groups. Mono-saccharides could ...
https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/degradation-kinetics-of-monosaccharides-in-hydrochloric-sulfuric-and-sulfurous-acid/
Transcriptional comparison of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassagrowing on three major monosaccharides D-glucose, D...Transcriptional comparison of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassagrowing on three major monosaccharides D-glucose, D...
L-arabinose utilization in fungi and a comparison of the genome-wide fungal response to these three major monosaccharides has ... D-xylose and L-arabinose are the three major monosaccharides in plant cell walls. Complete utilization of all three sugars is ... D-glucose, D-xylose and L-arabinose are the three major monosaccharides in plant cell walls. Complete utilization of all three ... The transcriptome of Neurospora crassa growing on three monosaccharides (D-glucose, D-xylose and L-arabinose) was conducted ...
https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1754-6834-7-31
Carbohydrate StandardsCarbohydrate Standards
... monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) for analytical testing in pharmaceutical and food and ... Monosaccharides. Our offering includes common monosaccharides, such as glucose, fructose, and galactose, as analytical ...
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/CH/en/products/analytical-chemistry/reference-materials/carbohydrate-standards
Low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polypols diet and irritable bowel syndrome in AsiaLow fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polypols diet and irritable bowel syndrome in Asia
Therefore, this paper will review the roles of a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polypols ... Low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polypols diet and irritable bowel syndrome in Asia JGH ... Therefore, this paper will review the roles of a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polypols ... Keywords: Asian; fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polypols; gastrointestinal; irritable bowel ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31061894/
monosaccharides Archives - Erin Dishes Nutritionmonosaccharides Archives - Erin Dishes Nutrition
Get The DIsh on gut health delivered right into your inbox ...
https://erindishes.com/tag/monosaccharides/
is monosaccharide | Dice
Subjects with is monosaccharide. Click on a property for more details on the statement. Click on a column header to use it as ...
https://dice.mpi-inf.mpg.de/property/is-monosaccharide
Champignon cream soup (5) | Ingredients | Nutrients - ernaehrung.deChampignon cream soup (5) | Ingredients | Nutrients - ernaehrung.de
other monosaccharides. mg. Monosaccharides. 78,00. mg. other disaccharides. mg. Disaccharides. 154,00. mg. ...
https://www.ernaehrung.de/lebensmittel/en/X448153/Champignon-cream-soup-
MonosaccharideDB - query monosaccharide results
Monosaccharide Query Results. Results 1 - 1 of 1 (Page 1 of 1) ...
http://www.monosaccharidedb.org/query_monosaccharide_by_properties.action?basetypeId=307
GPE05430 | Monosaccharide Biosynthesis Pathways DatabaseGPE05430 | Monosaccharide Biosynthesis Pathways Database
sunthar [at] che [dot] iitb [dot] ac [dot] in. ...
https://glycobio.org/profile-table/gpe05430
SPM Biology Form 4/Form 5 Revision Notes: MonosaccharidesSPM Biology Form 4/Form 5 Revision Notes: Monosaccharides
Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Isolation and Characterization of a Heparin-Like Compound with Potent Anticoagulant and...Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Isolation and Characterization of a Heparin-Like Compound with Potent Anticoagulant and...
Figure 3. Monosaccharide composition of clam heparinoid (G15). The numbered peaks correspond to known monosaccharide standards ... Figure 3. Monosaccharide composition of clam heparinoid (G15). The numbered peaks correspond to known monosaccharide standards ... Monosaccharide Composition Analysis. The monosaccharide composition of G15 was determined by the high-performance liquid ... Monosaccharide Composition Analysis. The G15 monosaccharide composition was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography ...
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/1/6
IMSEAR at SEARO: Secondary nonspecific monosaccharide intolerance in infants with acute diarrhoea.
Kumar V, Chandrasekaran R. Secondary nonspecific monosaccharide intolerance in infants with acute diarrhoea. Indian Pediatrics ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/14719
What Are Simple Sugars? | livestrongWhat Are Simple Sugars? | livestrong
Monosaccharides are the simplest of sugars, which means that your body cannot break them down any further. Because of this, ... Monosaccharides​: contain one sugar molecule ("mono" means one).. *​Disaccharides​: contain two sugar molecules ("di" means two ... Monosaccharides and disaccharides are classified as simple sugars, while oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are complex carbs ... your body digests monosaccharides quickly and easily, which results in a significant spike in glucose levels. Galactose, ...
https://www.livestrong.com/article/379749-what-are-simple-sugars/
In disaccharide, if the reducing groups of monosaccharides, i.e., aldehydic or ketonic groups are bonded, these are non...In disaccharide, if the reducing groups of monosaccharides, i.e., aldehydic or ketonic groups are bonded, these are non...
... if the reducing groups of monosaccharides, i.e., aldehydic or ketonic groups are bonded, these are non-reducing sugars. Which ... In disaccharide, if the reducing groups of monosaccharides, i.e., aldehydic or ketonic groups are bonded, these are non- ... In disaccharides, if the reducing groups of monosaccharides, i.e., aldehydic or ketonic groups are bonded, these are non- ... In disaccharides, if the reducing groups of monosaccharides, i.e., aldehydic or ketonic groups are bonded, these are non- ...
https://www.doubtnut.com/question-answer-chemistry/in-disaccharide-if-the-reducing-groups-of-monosaccharides-ie-aldehydic-or-ketonic-groups-are-bonded--639457114
Sports Nutrition Basics Part 1 - Carbohydrate - Sport Fitness AdvisorSports Nutrition Basics Part 1 - Carbohydrate - Sport Fitness Advisor
Examples of monosaccharides include fructose (sugar found in fruit) and glucose (also called blood sugar). Cells can use the ... The collective name for both monosaccharides and disaccharides is simple sugars. Simple sugars are quickly absorbed by the body ... Starch is the combination of hundreds of monosaccharides joining together. Nutritionists often refer to polysaccharides as ...
https://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/sports-nutrition-course-carbohydrate.html
Dde 0261 Dde 0261 Monosaccharide-transporting ATPase | Syntrophy Portal
Monosaccharide-transporting ATPase Monosaccharide-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.17) 245787 246554 + 21685289 ...
http://networks.systemsbiology.net/syntrophy/genes/dde/dde_0261?order=field_mut_percent_frequency_&sort=asc
The Management of Acute Diarrhea in Children: Oral Rehydration, Maintenance, and Nutritional TherapyThe Management of Acute Diarrhea in Children: Oral Rehydration, Maintenance, and Nutritional Therapy
Monosaccharide malabsorption The presence of glucose or reducing substances in the stools, accompanied by a dramatic increase ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018677.htm
View of FERMENTABLE OLIGOSACCHARIDES, DISACCHARIDES, MONOSACCHARIDES AND POLYOLS AND THEIR ROLE IN FOOD DIGESTIONView of FERMENTABLE OLIGOSACCHARIDES, DISACCHARIDES, MONOSACCHARIDES AND POLYOLS AND THEIR ROLE IN FOOD DIGESTION
Return to Article Details FERMENTABLE OLIGOSACCHARIDES, DISACCHARIDES, MONOSACCHARIDES AND POLYOLS AND THEIR ROLE IN FOOD ...
https://office2.jmbfs.org/index.php/JMBFS/article/view/5521/448
Glucose-galactose malabsorption: MedlinePlus GeneticsGlucose-galactose malabsorption: MedlinePlus Genetics
Monosaccharide malabsorption. Additional Information & Resources. Genetic Testing Information. *Genetic Testing Registry: ...
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glucose-galactose-malabsorption/
3-Indoxyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, 1 g | Monosaccharides | Carbohydrates | Natural & Reference Materials | Chemicals | Carl Roth -...3-Indoxyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, 1 g | Monosaccharides | Carbohydrates | Natural & Reference Materials | Chemicals | Carl Roth -...
They consist of one sugar unit (monosaccharide). The general formula for unmodified monosaccharides is Cn(H2O)m. The most ... Monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolysed further. ...
https://www.carlroth.com/com/en/monosaccharides/3-indoxyl-%CE%B2-d-glucopyranoside/p/4243.3
Biomimetic Hydrogel Materials (Patent) | DOE PatentsBiomimetic Hydrogel Materials (Patent) | DOE Patents
Protein adsorption on a copolymer having pendant monosaccharide groups. Relationship between surface free energy and protein ...
https://www.osti.gov/doepatents/biblio/879652
Synthesis of monosaccharide and nucleoside conjugates of estrone derivatives - SZTE Repository of DissertationsSynthesis of monosaccharide and nucleoside conjugates of estrone derivatives - SZTE Repository of Dissertations
Repository is powered by EPrints 3 which is developed by the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton. More information and software credits ...
http://doktori.bibl.u-szeged.hu/id/eprint/9761/
FODMAPs: Profound Help for Symptoms of IBS (Transcript)FODMAPs: Profound Help for Symptoms of IBS (Transcript)
Fructose is a monosaccharide. The monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and galactose. Fructose and glucose combine to form ... It stands for "fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyglycans." A diet that excludes these elements ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/770381
Commercial Hype Versus Reality: Our Current Scientific Under... : Current Sports Medicine ReportsCommercial Hype Versus Reality: Our Current Scientific Under... : Current Sports Medicine Reports
Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) and nonallergic food intolerance: FODMAPs or ... Are Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols a Major Gluten Symptom Confounder?. Gluten-free ... monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diets to eventually become the "new" GFD (31). FODMAPs are a family of short-chain ... monosaccharides, and polyols), and other wheat constituents emphasize the need for further evaluation. ...
https://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2016/07000/Commercial_Hype_Versus_Reality__Our_Current.11.aspx
History of Acquired Monosaccharide Intolerance in Houston, Texas. | J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr;66 Suppl 3: S50-S51, 2018 06....History of Acquired Monosaccharide Intolerance in Houston, Texas. | J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr;66 Suppl 3: S50-S51, 2018 06....
History of Acquired Monosaccharide Intolerance in Houston, Texas. History of Acquired Monosaccharide Intolerance in Houston, ... Acquired monosaccharide intolerance has almost disappeared from the United States but remains a problem in the developing world ... It is appropriate that we begin the clinical part of this conference with a discussion of acquired monosaccharide intolerance. ...
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-29762378
galactose - Wiktionarygalactose - Wiktionary
biochemistry) A monosaccharide found, along with lactose, in dairy products, and is synthesized by the body where it is found ...
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/galactose
Celiac Disease Clinic | UC San Diego HealthCeliac Disease Clinic | UC San Diego Health
Monosaccharides *Polyols Another cause of intolerance of wheat and other starches is due to the overgrowth of friendly bacteria ...
https://health.ucsd.edu/specialties/gastro/areas-expertise/Pages/celiac-disease-clinic.aspx
DisaccharidesPolysaccharidesFructoseOligosaccharidesCarbohydratesDisaccharideGalactoseSugarsLactoseMoleculeIntoleranceSimplestCelluloseChainsStarchConsistHydrogen and oxygenHydrolysisDairy productsAcidFormCarbonPlantGroupDietFormsResultsQuicklyBlood
Disaccharides12
  • Therefore, this paper will review the roles of a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polypols (FODMAP) diet in treating IBS, particularly in an Asian setting. (nih.gov)
  • Monosaccharides and disaccharides are classified as simple sugars, while oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are complex carbs. (livestrong.com)
  • The collective name for both monosaccharides and disaccharides is simple sugars . (sport-fitness-advisor.com)
  • In contrast, a novel method of managing IBS symptoms is the restriction of short-chain fermentable carbohydrates (low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet). (cambridge.org)
  • The most promising approach appears to be restriction diets low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP), although gluten-free regimens have also yielded some encouraging results. (medpagetoday.com)
  • The disaccharides, or double sugars, are formed when 2 monosaccharides are bonded together. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Monosaccharides and disaccharides make up the group known as simple sugars. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Carbohydrates are divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. (cookingupafamily.com)
  • FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) are molecules that your body can't digest. (activatedyou.com)
  • These low-FODMAP plans contain ingredients considered to be low in Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols. (23nutritiontherapy.com)
  • Simple carbohydrates, or simple sugars, are sugars that contain one single molecule (monosaccharide) or two combined (disaccharides). (immune-shades.com)
  • Alpha-glucosidase is an enzyme located in the brush border of the small intestine that breaks down carbohydrates (disaccharides and polysaccharides) into glucose (monosaccharides), which can be then absorbed through the intestine into the blood. (kingnature.de)
Polysaccharides4
  • When several monosaccharides join by glycosidic linkages, this forms large polymers called polysaccharides including starch and cellulose. (enotes.com)
  • When acid treatment is applied under high temperatures (160 to 230°C) and pressures (∼10 atm), it leads to relatively low conversion rates (about 70% glucose) of monosaccharide from polysaccharides, such as recalcitrant cellulose (Iranmahboob et al . (ncsu.edu)
  • Polysaccharides are formed when 3 to 1000's of monosaccharides are bonded together. (bodybuilding.com)
  • And polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharide units all put together. (precisionnutrition.com)
Fructose7
  • An example is sucrose, or table sugar which is formed when the monosaccharides glucose and fructose are chemically joined. (enotes.com)
  • Our offering includes common monosaccharides, such as glucose, fructose, and galactose, as analytical standards or as secondary pharmaceutical standards / certified reference materials. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Examples of monosaccharides include fructose (sugar found in fruit) and glucose (also called blood sugar). (sport-fitness-advisor.com)
  • The most important representatives of monosaccharides are glucose and fructose. (carlroth.com)
  • Fructose is a monosaccharide. (medscape.com)
  • The monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and galactose. (medscape.com)
  • With sucrose, the bond between glucose and fructose is broken, producing two separate monosaccharides. (bodybuilding.com)
Oligosaccharides2
  • Oligosaccharides are created when 2 to 10 monosaccharides are bonded together. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Oligosaccharides consist of short chains (di-, tri-, etc) of monosaccharide units all put together. (precisionnutrition.com)
Carbohydrates6
  • Monosaccharides are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates. (enotes.com)
  • Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolysed further. (carlroth.com)
  • Monosaccharides are the 'basic units' of carbohydrates. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Once in the blood, these carbohydrates , now in the form of monosaccharides, can be put to use. (bodybuilding.com)
  • All carbohydrates we consume are digested into monosaccharides or simple sugars before they're absorbed by the body, regardless of whether the food source is a simple sugar cube or a high-fiber, low glycemic index bowl of oatmeal. (precisionnutrition.com)
  • macromolecule that makes up muscle, skin, organs, hair: protein: carbohydrates are made up of monomers called : monosaccharides: a disaccharide contains: two monosaccarides: polysaccharide that plants use to store energy: starch: polysaccharide animals use to store energy: glycogen: this organ stores glucose in the form of glycogen: liver: polysaccharide used … Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane? (usermessage.de)
Disaccharide4
  • The ring structure of glucose indicates that it is a(an) A. monosaccharide B. disaccharide C. fatty acid D. nucleotide E. amino acid" eNotes Editorial , 12 Oct. 2016, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/ring-structure-glucose-indicates-that-an-789263. (enotes.com)
  • Two monosaccharides can join by a covalent bond called a glycosidic linkage to form a disaccharide. (enotes.com)
  • The answer to your question is that the ring structure of glucose indicates that it is a monosaccharide or choice A. If it were a disaccharide, there would be two rings therefore it cannot be answer B. It cannot be choice C as a fatty acid is a long linear skeleton of carbon with mainly Hydrogen atoms attached. (enotes.com)
  • In disaccharide, if the reducing groups of monosaccharides, i.e., aldehydic or ketonic groups are bonded, these are non-reducing sugars. (doubtnut.com)
Galactose1
  • In lactose, the bond between glucose and galactose is broken, producing two separate monosaccharides. (bodybuilding.com)
Sugars5
  • Monosaccharides are the simplest of sugars, which means that your body cannot break them down any further. (livestrong.com)
  • Once broken down and absorbed, these monosaccharides/sugars go to the liver to fill energy stores. (precisionnutrition.com)
  • Simple sugars, or monosaccharides, are made up of just one sugar molecule. (cookingupafamily.com)
  • Monosaccharide or plain sugar - 50% with other complex sugars. (vbtwist.com)
  • Nucleotide sugars are the activated form of monosaccharides used by glycosyltransferases during glycosylation. (warwick.ac.uk)
Lactose1
  • biochemistry ) A monosaccharide found, along with lactose , in dairy products, and is synthesized by the body where it is found associated with glycolipids and glycoproteins . (wiktionary.org)
Molecule2
  • MONOSACCHARIDES containing one ketone group per molecule. (bvsalud.org)
  • Glucose was chosen as model molecule because it is the cheapest and the most common monosaccharide. (unibo.it)
Intolerance4
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Secondary nonspecific monosaccharide intolerance in infants with acute diarrhoea. (who.int)
  • History of Acquired Monosaccharide Intolerance in Houston, Texas. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is appropriate that we begin the clinical part of this conference with a discussion of acquired monosaccharide intolerance. (bvsalud.org)
  • Acquired monosaccharide intolerance has almost disappeared from the United States but remains a problem in the developing world where it is included as part of the diagnosis of environmental enteropathy. (bvsalud.org)
Simplest1
  • Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrate and cannot be broken down any further since they contain only a single sugar group. (precisionnutrition.com)
Cellulose1
  • Cellulose, hemicellulose, and largely available monosaccharides already provide useful chemical building blocks, so-called platform chemicals, such as levulinic acid and hydroxymethyl furfural, as well as solvents like cyrene or gamma-valerolactone. (unipi.it)
Chains1
  • contain long chains of monosaccharides ("poly" means many). (livestrong.com)
Starch1
Consist1
  • They consist of one sugar unit (monosaccharide). (carlroth.com)
Hydrogen and oxygen1
  • Monosaccharides contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with twice as many H to O atoms. (enotes.com)
Hydrolysis1
  • Reaction conditions corresponded to the range found in previous research to allow for the production of hemicelluloses-derived monosaccharides through hydrolysis of wood. (ncsu.edu)
Dairy products1
Acid6
  • The degradation kinetics of monosaccharides during sulfurous acid treatment was compared to hydrochloric acid and to sulfuric acid treatments. (ncsu.edu)
  • Degradation behavior of monosaccharides during treatment with each acid was expressed by a second-order reaction rate constant with respect to substrate and acid concentrations, and the activation energy and frequency factor were calculated using the Arrhenius equation. (ncsu.edu)
  • Results demonstrated that the second-order reaction rate of a monosaccharide was dependent on the type of acid, indicating that monosaccharides degrade at different rates under different acids, even when the molar concentration of the acid is the same. (ncsu.edu)
  • The degradation of monosaccharides in sulfurous acid was much slower than that in hydrochloric acid and in sulfuric acid. (ncsu.edu)
  • A comparison of two sequential treatments with sulfuric acid, with and without the bisulfite ion, showed that sulfurous acid has a protective effect on the degradation of monosaccharides. (ncsu.edu)
  • Additional biotransformations were carried out with monosaccharides: D-mannonic acid and D-xylonic acid were obtained with good to excellent conversions of 73 % and greater than 95 %, respectively. (chemistryviews.org)
Form1
  • Beware of monosaccharides that are hidden sources of Changes in your diet can help you avoid monosaccharides in the form of hidden sources and boost gut health. (thinktwicepakistan.com)
Carbon2
  • The monosaccharide is depicted with the carbon-chain horizontal and in the plane of the paper, the potential carbonyl group being to the right. (iupac.org)
  • A diagram depicting a monosaccharide can show its carbon skeleton in a linear arrangement. (enotes.com)
Plant1
  • D-glucose, D-xylose and L-arabinose are the three major monosaccharides in plant cell walls. (biomedcentral.com)
Group1
  • Amylose is a long straight chain of glucose molecules helically twisted while amylopectin is a highly branched group of bonded monosaccharides. (bodybuilding.com)
Diet1
  • This article will give you tips on how to eat a balanced diet and avoid hidden monosaccharides. (thinktwicepakistan.com)
Forms1
  • The Haworth representation of the cyclic forms of monosaccharides can be derived from the Fischer projection, as follows. (iupac.org)
Results1
  • Because of this, your body digests monosaccharides quickly and easily, which results in a significant spike in glucose levels. (livestrong.com)
Quickly1
  • When monosaccharides are ingested (such as dextrose, which is glucose), no digestion is needed and they are absorbed quickly. (bodybuilding.com)
Blood1
  • The separate monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal epithelium into the blood. (bodybuilding.com)