Mononegavirales
Mononegavirales Infections
Borna disease virus
Vero Cells
Cercopithecus aethiops
RNA polymerase II-controlled expression of antigenomic RNA enhances the rescue efficacies of two different members of the Mononegavirales independently of the site of viral genome replication. (1/13)
De novo generation of negative-strand RNA viruses depends on the efficient expression of antigenomic RNA (cRNA) from cDNA. To improve the rescue system of Borna disease virus (BDV), a member of the Mononegavirales with a nuclear replication phase, we evaluated different RNA polymerase (Pol) promoters for viral cRNA expression. Human and mouse Pol I promoters did not increase the recovery rate of infectious BDV from cDNA compared to the originally employed T7 RNA polymerase system. In contrast, expression of viral cRNA under the control of an RNA Pol II promoter increased the rescue efficacy by nearly 20-fold. Similarly, rescue of measles virus (MV), a member of the Mononegavirales with a cytoplasmic replication phase, was strongly improved by Pol II-controlled expression of viral cRNA. Analysis of transcription levels derived from different promoters suggested that the rescue-enhancing function of the Pol II promoter was due mainly to enhanced cRNA synthesis from the plasmid. Remarkably, correct 5'-terminal processing of Pol II-transcribed cRNA by a hammerhead ribozyme was not necessary for efficient rescue of BDV or MV. The correct 5' termini were reconstituted during replication of the artificially prolonged cRNA, indicating that the BDV and MV replicase complexes are able to recognize internal viral replication signals. (+info)Broad tissue and cell tropism of avian bornavirus in parrots with proventricular dilatation disease. (2/13)
(+info)Experimental induction of proventricular dilatation disease in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) inoculated with brain homogenates containing avian bornavirus 4. (3/13)
(+info)Avian bornaviruses in psittacine birds from Europe and Australia with proventricular dilatation disease. (4/13)
(+info)Anatomical distribution of avian bornavirus in parrots, its occurrence in clinically healthy birds and ABV-antibody detection. (5/13)
(+info)Analysis of naturally occurring avian bornavirus infection and transmission during an outbreak of proventricular dilatation disease among captive psittacine birds. (6/13)
(+info)Indirect immunofluorescence assay for intra vitam diagnosis of avian bornavirus infection in psittacine birds. (7/13)
(+info)Proventricular dilatation disease associated with Avian bornavirus in a scarlet macaw (Ara macao). (8/13)
A case of proventricular dilatation disease is described in a scarlet macaw (Ara macao) from clinical presentation to diagnosis with molecular methods. The initial clinical signs were depression progressing to head pressing over several days. A leukocytosis with toxic heterophil changes, hypoalbuminemia, and increased serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase were present. Lead and zinc assays were within reference ranges, and results from Chlamydophila and polyomavirus testing were negative. Contrast-enhanced fluoroscopy revealed normal gastrointestinal transit times and motility as well as the presence of 2 small metallic foreign bodies in the ventriculus. The macaw was treated with antimicrobials, analgesics, vitamins E and B complex, force-feeding, and fluid administration with little improvement. Euthanasia was elected, and histologic examination of brain tissue revealed a perivascular lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, while the lungs had evidence of a fungal pneumonia. Tissue samples from the brain and proventriculus tested positive for the presence of Avian bornavirus genotype 2, while serology confirmed Avian bornavirus infection. (+info)Mononegavirales is an order of viruses that includes several families of negative-strand RNA viruses, such as Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Filoviridae. These viruses are characterized by their single, non-segmented strand of RNA that is negative-sense, meaning it cannot be directly translated into protein by the host cell's machinery. Instead, a complementary positive-sense RNA must first be synthesized before protein production can occur.
The order Mononegavirales includes many important human and animal pathogens, such as measles virus, mumps virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rabies virus, Ebola virus, and Marburg virus. These viruses can cause a range of diseases, from mild respiratory infections to severe hemorrhagic fevers.
The virions of Mononegavirales are typically enveloped, with a helical capsid that surrounds the RNA genome. The genome is usually around 10-15 kilobases in length and encodes several proteins, including an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is responsible for replicating and transcribing the viral RNA.
Mononegavirales viruses are transmitted through various routes, including respiratory droplets, bodily fluids, and contact with infected animals or fomites. Prevention and control measures include vaccination, personal protective equipment (PPE), and infection control practices.
Mononegavirales infections refer to diseases caused by viruses that belong to the order Mononegavirales. This order includes several families of viruses, such as Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Filoviridae, among others. These viruses are characterized by having a non-segmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome.
Some examples of Mononegavirales infections include:
* Paramyxoviridae family: measles, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections
* Rhabdoviridae family: rabies and related viral diseases
* Filoviridae family: Ebola and Marburg virus diseases
* Bornaviridae family: Borna disease, a neurological disorder found in animals
The clinical manifestations of Mononegavirales infections vary widely depending on the specific virus and the host's immune status. They can cause respiratory, neurologic, or systemic diseases, ranging from mild to severe or fatal. Prevention and control measures include vaccination, personal protective equipment, and infection control practices.
Borna Disease Virus (BoDV) is a negative-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Bornaviridae. It is the causative agent of Borna disease, a neurological disorder primarily affecting horses and sheep in Europe, although it has also been found in other mammals including cats, dogs, rabbits, and humans.
The virus is named after the town of Borna in Saxony, Germany, where an outbreak of the disease occurred in horses in the late 19th century. BoDV is unique among animal viruses because it can establish a persistent infection in the central nervous system (CNS) of its hosts and has been shown to have neurotropic properties.
In humans, BoDV infection has been linked to cases of encephalitis, a potentially life-threatening inflammation of the brain. However, human infections with BoDV are rare and often associated with close contact with infected animals or their tissues. There is currently no specific treatment for Borna disease or BoDV infection, and prevention efforts focus on reducing exposure to the virus through appropriate handling and care of infected animals.
Borna disease is a rare, infectious disease that affects the nervous system of animals, including horses, sheep, and goats. It is caused by the Borna disease virus (BDV) and is named after the town of Borna in Saxony, Germany, where an outbreak occurred in 1894.
In humans, there have been reports of a similar illness called "human bornavirus infection," but it is still not well understood and its relationship to animal bornavirus infections is unclear. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that "there is no evidence that BDV causes disease in humans."
Symptoms of Borna disease in animals can vary widely, depending on the species infected and other factors. In horses, the disease is often characterized by changes in behavior, such as increased aggression or fearfulness, loss of appetite, and difficulty coordinating movements. In severe cases, it can lead to paralysis and death.
There is no specific treatment for Borna disease, and prevention efforts focus on limiting the spread of the virus through measures such as quarantine and vaccination of susceptible animals.
A viral genome is the genetic material (DNA or RNA) that is present in a virus. It contains all the genetic information that a virus needs to replicate itself and infect its host. The size and complexity of viral genomes can vary greatly, ranging from a few thousand bases to hundreds of thousands of bases. Some viruses have linear genomes, while others have circular genomes. The genome of a virus also contains the information necessary for the virus to hijack the host cell's machinery and use it to produce new copies of the virus. Understanding the genetic makeup of viruses is important for developing vaccines and antiviral treatments.
Viral proteins are the proteins that are encoded by the viral genome and are essential for the viral life cycle. These proteins can be structural or non-structural and play various roles in the virus's replication, infection, and assembly process. Structural proteins make up the physical structure of the virus, including the capsid (the protein shell that surrounds the viral genome) and any envelope proteins (that may be present on enveloped viruses). Non-structural proteins are involved in the replication of the viral genome and modulation of the host cell environment to favor viral replication. Overall, a thorough understanding of viral proteins is crucial for developing antiviral therapies and vaccines.
Vero cells are a line of cultured kidney epithelial cells that were isolated from an African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) in the 1960s. They are named after the location where they were initially developed, the Vervet Research Institute in Japan.
Vero cells have the ability to divide indefinitely under certain laboratory conditions and are often used in scientific research, including virology, as a host cell for viruses to replicate. This allows researchers to study the characteristics of various viruses, such as their growth patterns and interactions with host cells. Vero cells are also used in the production of some vaccines, including those for rabies, polio, and Japanese encephalitis.
It is important to note that while Vero cells have been widely used in research and vaccine production, they can still have variations between different cell lines due to factors like passage number or culture conditions. Therefore, it's essential to specify the exact source and condition of Vero cells when reporting experimental results.
'Cercopithecus aethiops' is the scientific name for the monkey species more commonly known as the green monkey. It belongs to the family Cercopithecidae and is native to western Africa. The green monkey is omnivorous, with a diet that includes fruits, nuts, seeds, insects, and small vertebrates. They are known for their distinctive greenish-brown fur and long tail. Green monkeys are also important animal models in biomedical research due to their susceptibility to certain diseases, such as SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus), which is closely related to HIV.
A viral RNA (ribonucleic acid) is the genetic material found in certain types of viruses, as opposed to viruses that contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). These viruses are known as RNA viruses. The RNA can be single-stranded or double-stranded and can exist as several different forms, such as positive-sense, negative-sense, or ambisense RNA. Upon infecting a host cell, the viral RNA uses the host's cellular machinery to translate the genetic information into proteins, leading to the production of new virus particles and the continuation of the viral life cycle. Examples of human diseases caused by RNA viruses include influenza, COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), hepatitis C, and polio.
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PARAMYXOVIRIDAE3
- Infections with viruses of the genus AVULAVIRUS , family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE . (nih.gov)
- It is a genus of RNA viruses belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and order Mononegavirales containing five established species. (gkseries.com)
- It belongs to the family paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales and the genus Morbillivirus. (bestessaywriters.com)
Genus2
- Tibrovirus is a poorly characterized genus of viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae , order Mononegavirales . (wikimili.com)
- His work carried out in the field of Lyssavirus brings together such families of science as Three prime untranslated region, Gene, Mononegavirales and Genus Lyssavirus. (research.com)
FILOVIRIDAE1
- Near-Complete Genome Sequence of Lötschberg Virus (Mononegavirales: Filoviridae) Identified in European Perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758). (unibe.ch)
Viruses4
- Infections with viruses of the family FLAVIVIRIDAE. (uams.edu)
- As members of the order Mononegavirales , filoviruses are filamentous enveloped viruses containing a non-segmented, negative-strand genomic RNA of approximately 19 kilobases. (vin.com)
- This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). (ox.ac.uk)
- Differential Host Immune Responses after Infection with Wild-Type or Lab-Attenuated Rabies Viruses in Dogs. (jefferson.edu)
20213
- 21 May 2021, Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology . (cdc.gov)
- 2021) Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. (upv.es)
- 2021). Spontaneous mutation in the movement protein of citrus leprosis virus c2, in a heterologous virus infection context, increases cell-to-cell transport and generates fitness advantage. (upv.es)
Reoviridae Infections3
- Reoviridae Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Reoviridae Infections" by people in this website by year, and whether "Reoviridae Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Reoviridae Infections" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
Reovirus Infection1
- Cardiac cell-specific apoptotic and cytokine responses to reovirus infection: determinants of myocarditic phenotype. (ctsicn.org)
Replication3
- Since only one member of this group reported prior vaccination for rabies, the findings of the research suggest previously undocumented cases of infection and viral replication followed by an abortive infection. (wikipedia.org)
- Within 12h of infection and before start of DNA replication, there begins early protein synthesis. (biologydiscussion.com)
- Infection requires invasion of host cells, replication, and shedding. (vin.com)
SARS-CoV-2 Infection2
- One Health Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Seropositivity among Pets in Households with Confirmed Human COVID-19 Cases-Utah and Wisconsin external icon , 2020 Sept 12. (cdc.gov)
- Susceptibility of Raccoon Dogs for Experimental SARS-CoV-2 Infection. (research.com)
Order5
- Aquatic bird bornavirus 1 (ABBV-1) is a neurotropic virus in the Mononegavirales order that causes persistent infection in the nervous system of wild waterfowl. (uoguelph.ca)
- order Mononegavirales ) can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates. (ictv.global)
- Artoviruses form a family in the haploviricotine order Mononegavirales . (ictv.global)
- Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: second update 2018. (ox.ac.uk)
- In October 2018, the order Mononegavirales was amended by the establishment of three new families and three new genera, abolishment of two genera, and creation of 28 novel species. (ox.ac.uk)
MEASLES VIRUS1
- A rare, slowly progressive encephalitis caused by chronic infection with the MEASLES VIRUS. (rush.edu)
Immune Responses1
- The role of toll-like receptors in the induction of immune responses during rabies virus infection. (jefferson.edu)
Humans4
- In the Americas, bat bites are the most common source of rabies infections in humans, and less than 5% of cases are from dogs. (wikipedia.org)
- The period between infection and the first symptoms (incubation period) is typically one to three months in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- TIBV infection of humans has not been reported. (wikimili.com)
- Such drugs would substantially reduce serious RSV infections in humans and provide a major achievement for human health. (emory.edu)
Ebolavirus1
- With African-derived Ebolavirus infection, there is an incubation period (typically 3-8 days in primary cases and slightly longer in secondary cases). (medscape.com)
Species3
- Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were to evaluate whether Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), a common domestic waterfowl species, and Canada geese (Branta canadensis), a possible reservoir, are susceptible to ABBV-1 infection and associated disease. (uoguelph.ca)
- Infection of larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (family Bombycidae) with the baculovirus Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) (species Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus ) is often lethal. (ictv.global)
- Guinea pigs, goats, and horses remain subclinical or develop mild clinical signs after experimental infection, but Ebola virus infection has never been observed in these species in the wild. (vin.com)
Ebola1
- The live recombinant vaccine has shown effectiveness of 97.5% in preventing infection among 90,000 individuals in an active Ebola virus outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo. (medscape.com)
Incubation period1
- The incubation period and lifelong immunity after an infection was described by Peter Panum in 1846. (bestessaywriters.com)
Viral infection2
- We noticed cytopathic effects that are typical in in vitro viral infection in BeWo and HTR-8. (bvsalud.org)
- They are considered opportunistic pathogens following STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL and/or a viral infection. (curehunter.com)
Million infections2
- The World Health Organization estimates that (RSV) is responsible for 64 million infections worldwide and 160,000 deaths per annum ( Openshaw, 2002 ). (intechopen.com)
- According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the disease causes 40 million infections with 1 million deaths globally in 2013. (bestessaywriters.com)
Experimental1
- Experimental infections of cattle produced viremia, but no observable signs of illness. (wikimili.com)
Respiratory2
- Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a ubiquitous virus of worldwide distribution and is the leading cause of infant morbidity from respiratory infections. (intechopen.com)
- In some cases, measles could lead to the infection of the respiratory tract or other organs including the skin, Kidney, bladder and viscera (Koehlmoos, Uddin, & Sarma, 2011). (bestessaywriters.com)
Infants3
- Sasidharan A, Harrison CJ, Banerjee D, Selvarangan R. Emergence of Parechovirus A4 Central Nervous System Infections among Infants in Kansas City, Missouri, USA. (childrensmercy.org)
- Severe Parechovirus 3 Infections in Young Infants-Kansas and Missouri, 2014. (childrensmercy.org)
- Nearly 100% of children in the USA are infected with the virus by 2 to 3 years of age, several hundred infants may die directly from the infection, while the deaths of an additional several thousand may be attributed to RSV-related complications ( Nair et al, 2010 ). (intechopen.com)
Centre1
- Current address: German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20359 Hamburg, Germany. (mdpi.com)
Cattle1
- An Ephemerovirus infection of cattle caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus (EPHEMERAL FEVER VIRUS, BOVINE). (wakehealth.edu)
Deaths1
- This results to infection of 40 million people and results in 1 million deaths in the world. (bestessaywriters.com)
Investigation2
- On the basis of the epidemiological investigation, a team from NIV Pune and Animal Husbandry are investigating bats and other animals in the vicinity of his (confirmed case)residence during the possible time of transmission of infection. (gkseries.com)
- On the other hand, rigorous investigation of potential canine infections in field situations is virtually non-existent. (vin.com)
Occurs1
- The condition occurs primarily in children and young adults, approximately 2-8 years after the initial infection. (rush.edu)
Update1
- As of 2016[update], only fourteen people were documented to have survived a rabies infection after showing symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
Laboratory3
- Since then, VSPB has supported our partners through technical assistance and capacity building to improve infection prevention and control measures and laboratory diagnostics. (cdc.gov)
- Laboratory diagnosis is important in arbovirus infection that are prevalent in a particular area. (bvsalud.org)
- She's been with CDC since 2007 working in the Influenza Division, and currently in the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections where she is the Laboratory Preparedness and Response Branch Chief overseeing the biological component of the Laboratory Response Network, or LRN. (cdc.gov)
Control1
- In particular, the RNA interference (RNAi) pathways are of notable significance for the control of viral infections. (mdpi.com)
Risk1
- Carbapenem-Resistant enterobacterales in individuals with and without health care risk factors -Emerging infections program, United States, 2012-2015. (cdc.gov)
Plant1
- Symptom severity, infection progression and plant responses in solanum plants caused by three pospiviroids vary with the inoculation procedure. (upv.es)
Cases1
- Most cases of infection result in asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic forms, with mainly febrile illness, leading to a massive underestimation of cases. (europa.eu)
Human1
- [7] There is no evidence of human infection or any disease associated with BAV. (wikimili.com)
Generation1
- Letvin NL, Kauffman RS, Finberg R. T lymphocyte immunity to reovirus: cellular requirements for generation and role in clearance of primary infections. (umassmed.edu)