Molecular structure. Medical search

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals and their internal arrangement. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

A quantitative prediction of the biological, ecotoxicological or pharmaceutical activity of a molecule. It is based upon structure and activity information gathered from a series of similar compounds.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The parts of a GENOME sequence that are involved with the different functions or properties of genomes as a whole as opposed to those of individual GENES.

The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

The physical phenomena describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of the scattered light.

NMR spectroscopy on small- to medium-size biological macromolecules. This is often used for structural investigation of proteins and nucleic acids, and often involves more than one isotope.

A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a very sharp conducting needle is swept just a few angstroms above the surface of a sample. The tiny tunneling current that flows between the sample and the needle tip is measured, and from this are produced three-dimensional topographs. Due to the poor electron conductivity of most biological samples, thin metal coatings are deposited on the sample.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Spectrophotometry in the infrared region, usually for the purpose of chemical analysis through measurement of absorption spectra associated with rotational and vibrational energy levels of molecules. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

A genus of GREEN ALGAE in the family Scenedesmaceae. It forms colonies of usually four or eight cylindrical cells that are widely distributed in freshwater and SOIL.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A tomographic technique for obtaining 3-dimensional images with transmission electron microscopy.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

A representation, generally small in scale, to show the structure, construction, or appearance of something. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Devices for accelerating protons or electrons in closed orbits where the accelerating voltage and magnetic field strength varies (the accelerating voltage is held constant for electrons) in order to keep the orbit radius constant.

Organic matter in a state of advanced decay, after passing through the stages of COMPOST and PEAT and before becoming lignite (COAL). It is composed of a heterogenous mixture of compounds including phenolic radicals and acids that polymerize and are not easily separated nor analyzed. (E.A. Ghabbour & G. Davies, eds. Humic Substances, 2001).

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a probe systematically rides across the surface of a sample being scanned in a raster pattern. The vertical position is recorded as a spring attached to the probe rises and falls in response to peaks and valleys on the surface. These deflections produce a topographic map of the sample.

The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

A genus of gram-negative, ovoid to rod-shaped bacteria that is phototrophic. All species use ammonia as a nitrogen source. Some strains are found only in sulfide-containing freshwater habitats exposed to light while others may occur in marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

The process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and output have the form of charts, drawings, or other appropriate pictorial representation.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape and arrangement of multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Electron microscopy involving rapid freezing of the samples. The imaging of frozen-hydrated molecules and organelles permits the best possible resolution closest to the living state, free of chemical fixatives or stains.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Myoglobin which is in the oxidized ferric or hemin form. The oxidation causes a change in color from red to brown.

A replica technique in which cells are frozen to a very low temperature and cracked with a knife blade to expose the interior surfaces of the cells or cell membranes. The cracked cell surfaces are then freeze-dried to expose their constituents. The surfaces are now ready for shadowing to be viewed using an electron microscope. This method differs from freeze-fracturing in that no cryoprotectant is used and, thus, allows for the sublimation of water during the freeze-drying process to etch the surfaces.

A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.

Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Differential thermal analysis in which the sample compartment of the apparatus is a differential calorimeter, allowing an exact measure of the heat of transition independent of the specific heat, thermal conductivity, and other variables of the sample.

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The accumulation of an electric charge on a object

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A fibrous protein complex that consists of proteins folded into a specific cross beta-pleated sheet structure. This fibrillar structure has been found as an alternative folding pattern for a variety of functional proteins. Deposits of amyloid in the form of AMYLOID PLAQUES are associated with a variety of degenerative diseases. The amyloid structure has also been found in a number of functional proteins that are unrelated to disease.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.

A continuous protein fiber consisting primarily of FIBROINS. It is synthesized by a variety of INSECTS and ARACHNIDS.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.

The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Penetrating electromagnetic radiation emitted when the inner orbital electrons of an atom are excited and release radiant energy. X-ray wavelengths range from 1 pm to 10 nm. Hard X-rays are the higher energy, shorter wavelength X-rays. Soft x-rays or Grenz rays are less energetic and longer in wavelength. The short wavelength end of the X-ray spectrum overlaps the GAMMA RAYS wavelength range. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Analysis based on the mathematical function first formulated by Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier in 1807. The function, known as the Fourier transform, describes the sinusoidal pattern of any fluctuating pattern in the physical world in terms of its amplitude and its phase. It has broad applications in biomedicine, e.g., analysis of the x-ray crystallography data pivotal in identifying the double helical nature of DNA and in analysis of other molecules, including viruses, and the modified back-projection algorithm universally used in computerized tomography imaging, etc. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Materials which have structured components with at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. These include NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; and NANOWIRES.

Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

A computer simulation developed to study the motion of molecules over a period of time.

The volatile portions of substances perceptible by the sense of smell. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The assembly of the QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE of multimeric proteins (MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES) from their composite PROTEIN SUBUNITS.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Formed from pig pepsinogen by cleavage of one peptide bond. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain and is inhibited by methyl 2-diaazoacetamidohexanoate. It cleaves peptides preferentially at the carbonyl linkages of phenylalanine or leucine and acts as the principal digestive enzyme of gastric juice.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The theory that the radiation and absorption of energy take place in definite quantities called quanta (E) which vary in size and are defined by the equation E=hv in which h is Planck's constant and v is the frequency of the radiation.

The diversion of RADIATION (thermal, electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result of interactions or collisions with atoms, molecules, or larger particles in the atmosphere or other media. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.

A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

A continuing periodic change in displacement with respect to a fixed reference. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a carbohydrate.

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

The thermodynamic interaction between a substance and WATER.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION.

The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.

A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

Single chains of amino acids that are the units of multimeric PROTEINS. Multimeric proteins can be composed of identical or non-identical subunits. One or more monomeric subunits may compose a protomer which itself is a subunit structure of a larger assembly.

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

The covalent bonding of an alkyl group to an organic compound. It can occur by a simple addition reaction or by substitution of another functional group.

The ability of a protein to retain its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to physical or chemical manipulations.

The ability to detect scents or odors, such as the function of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS.

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A form of GENE LIBRARY containing the complete DNA sequences present in the genome of a given organism. It contrasts with a cDNA library which contains only sequences utilized in protein coding (lacking introns).

The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use.

Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The degree of similarity between sequences. Studies of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY provide useful information about the genetic relatedness of genes, gene products, and species.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Proteins found in any species of insect.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.

Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES.) They are formed from parts of the variable regions of FAB FRAGMENTS.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.

The urinary elimination profiles of diazepam and its metabolites, nordiazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam, in the equine after a 10-mg intramuscular dose. (1/20240)

A method for the extraction of diazepam and its metabolites (nordiazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam) from equine urine and serum and their quantitation and confirmation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is presented. Valium, a formulation of diazepam, was administered at a dose of 10 mg intramuscularly to four standard-bred mares. Diazepam is extensively metabolized in the horse to nordiazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam. Diazepam urinary concentrations were found to be less than 6 ng/mL. Nordiazepam was found to be mainly in its glucuronide-conjugated form and was measured out to a collection time of 53-55 h. Oxazepam and temazepam were entirely conjugated, and their urinary concentrations were measured out to collection times of 121 h and 77-79 h, respectively. Diazepam and nordiazepam were measured in equine postadministration serum out to collection times of 6 and 54 h, respectively. Oxazepam and temazepam were not detected in postadministration serum. (+info)

A single membrane-embedded negative charge is critical for recognizing positively charged drugs by the Escherichia coli multidrug resistance protein MdfA. (2/20240)

The nature of the broad substrate specificity phenomenon, as manifested by multidrug resistance proteins, is not yet understood. In the Escherichia coli multidrug transporter, MdfA, the hydrophobicity profile and PhoA fusion analysis have so far identified only one membrane-embedded charged amino acid residue (E26). In order to determine whether this negatively charged residue may play a role in multidrug recognition, we evaluated the expression and function of MdfA constructs mutated at this position. Replacing E26 with the positively charged residue lysine abolished the multidrug resistance activity against positively charged drugs, but retained chloramphenicol efflux and resistance. In contrast, when the negative charge was preserved in a mutant with aspartate instead of E26, chloramphenicol recognition and transport were drastically inhibited; however, the mutant exhibited almost wild-type multidrug resistance activity against lipophilic cations. These results suggest that although the negative charge at position 26 is not essential for active transport, it dictates the multidrug resistance character of MdfA. We show that such a negative charge is also found in other drug resistance transporters, and its possible significance regarding multidrug resistance is discussed. (+info)

Stabilization of poly-L-lysine/DNA polyplexes for in vivo gene delivery to the liver. (3/20240)

We are developing a self-assembling non-viral in vivo gene delivery vehicle based on poly-l-lysine and plasmid DNA. We have characterized poly-l-lysines of different chain lengths for DNA condensation and strength of DNA binding. Poly-l-lysine chains >20 residues bound DNA efficiently in physiological saline, while shorter chains did not. Attachment of asialoorosomucoid to PLL increased the PLL chain length required for efficient DNA binding in saline and for efficient DNA condensation. By electron microscopy, poly-l-lysine/DNA polyplexes appeared as toroids 25-50 nm in diameter or rods 40-80 nm long; conjugation of asialoorosomucoid to the polylysine component increased the size of resulting polyplexes to 50-90 nm. In water, poly-l-lysine and asialoorosomucoid-PLL polyplexes have effective diameters of 46 and 87.6 nm, respectively. Polyplexes containing only poly-l-lysine and DNA aggregated in physiological saline at all charge ratios and aggregated at neutral charge ratios in water. Attachment of asialoorosomucoid lessened, but did not eliminate, the aggregation of PLL polyplexes, and did not result in efficient delivery of polyplexes to hepatocytes. Conjugation of polyethylene glycol to poly-l-lysine sterically stabilized resulting polyplexes at neutral charge ratios by shielding the surfaces. For efficient in vivo gene delivery, polyplexes will need to be sterically stabilized to prevent aggregation and interaction with serum components. (+info)

Isolation of SMTP-3, 4, 5 and -6, novel analogs of staplabin, and their effects on plasminogen activation and fibrinolysis. (4/20240)

Four novel triprenyl phenol metabolites, designated SMTP-3, -4, -5, and -6, have been isolated from cultures of Stachybotrys microspora IFO 30018 by solvent extraction and successive chromatographic fractionation using silica gel and silica ODS columns. A combination of spectroscopic analyses showed that SMTP-3, -4, -5, and -6 are staplabin analogs, containing a serine, a phenylalanine, a leucine or a tryptophan moiety in respective molecules in place of the N-carboxybutyl portion of the staplabin molecule. SMTP-4, -5, and -6 were active at 0.15 to 0.3 mM in enhancing urokinase-catalyzed plasminogen activation and plasminogen binding to fibrin, as well as plasminogen- and urokinase-mediated fibrinolysis. On the other hand, the concentration of staplabin required to exert such effects was 0.4 to 0.6 mM, and SMTP-3 was inactive at concentrations up to 0.45 mM. (+info)

Novel selective inhibitors for human topoisomerase I, BM2419-1 and -2 derived from saintopin. (5/20240)

Compounds BM2419-1 and -2 were isolated from a culture broth of a fungus Paecilomyces sp. BM2419. It was shown that these novel compounds were artifacts derived from saintopin, a dual inhibitor of topoisomerase I and II by independent processes. In the human topoisomerase I inhibition assay using the recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae, BM2419-1 and -2 inhibited selectively the yeast growth dependent on human topoisomerase I induction with IC50 values of 0.3 ng/ml and 6.0 ng/ml, respectively. (+info)

Apicularens A and B, new cytostatic macrolides from Chondromyces species (myxobacteria): production, physico-chemical and biological properties. (6/20240)

A novel macrolide, apicularen A, was produced by several species of the genus Chondromyces. Initially it was discovered by bioassay-guided RP-HPLC-fractionation of culture extracts of Chondromyces robustus, strain Cm a13. Apicularen A showed no antimicrobial activity, but was highly cytotoxic for cultivated human and animal cells, with IC50 values ranging between 0.1 and 3 ng/ml. A cometabolite of apicularen A, the N-acetylglucosamine glycoside apicularen B, was distinctly less cytotoxic with IC50 values between 0.2 and 1.2 microg/ml, and showed weak activity against a few Gram-positive bacteria. Apicularen A is chemically closely related to the salicylihalamides A and B from the marine sponge Haliclona sp. (+info)

BE-31405, a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Penicillium minioluteum. I. Description of producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. (7/20240)

A new antifungal antibiotic, BE-31405, was isolated from the culture broth of a fungal strain, Penicillium minioluteum F31405. BE-31405 was isolated by adsorption on high porous polymer resin (Diaion HP-20), followed by solvent extraction, precipitation and crystallization. BE-31405 showed potent growth inhibitory activity against pathogenic fungal strains such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Cryptococcus neoformans, but did not show cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells such as P388 mouse leukemia. The mechanism studies indicated that BE-31405 inhibited the protein synthesis of C. albicans but not of mammalian cells. (+info)

Structure of actinotetraose hexatiglate, a unique glucotetraose from an actinomycete bacterium. (8/20240)

An Actinomycete strain A499 belonging to the genera Amycolatopsis or Amycolata isolated from a Western Australian soil sample produced the cyclic decapeptide antibiotic quinaldopeptin (1), together with the actinotetraose hexatiglate (2), the hexa-ester of a novel non-reducing glucotetraose. (+info)

Its articles discuss molecular structure in chemistry. After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine it said that it would no ... Journal of Molecular Structure is a scientific journal published by Elsevier ScienceDirect since 1968. ... Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM Else, Holly (March 14, 2022). "Ukrainian researchers pressure journals to boycott ... Molecular geometry, English-language journals, Publications established in 1968, Biweekly journals, All stub articles, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Molecular_Structure

... , by K. P. Huber and Gerhard Herzberg (Van ... Orville-Thomas, W. J. (1980). "Molecular spectra and molecular structure, iv, constants of diatomic molecules . K.P. Huber and ... xiii + 716, price £20.65". Journal of Molecular Structure. 64: 299. doi:10.1016/0022-2860(80)80150-5. v t e (Articles needing ... hyperfine structure, rotational g factors, dipole moments, radiative lifetimes, oscillator strengths, dissociation energies and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_Spectra_and_Molecular_Structure_IV._Constants_of_Diatomic_Molecules

"Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" was the first article published to describe the ... The austere beauty of the structure and the practical implications of the DNA double helix combined to make Molecular structure ... Scholia has a work profile for Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid. Annotated copy ... "Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4356): 737-738. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_Structure_of_Nucleic_Acids:_A_Structure_for_Deoxyribose_Nucleic_Acid

Duke, Brian J. (1987). "Linnett's double quartet theory and localised orbitals". Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM. 152 ... Localized molecular orbitals are molecular orbitals which are concentrated in a limited spatial region of a molecule, such as a ... Localized molecular orbitals (LMO) are obtained by unitary transformation upon a set of canonical molecular orbitals (CMO). The ... and molecular orbitals must be considered. Because proper (symmetry-adapted) molecular orbitals are fully delocalized and do ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localized_molecular_orbitals

Herzberg, Gerhard (1950). Molecular spectra and molecular structure. Princeton, N.J: Van Nostrand. ISBN 0-89464-270-7. ( ... The following molecular electronic transitions exist: σ → σ* π → π* n → σ* n → π* aromatic π → aromatic π* In addition to these ... Molecular electronic transitions take place when electrons in a molecule are excited from one energy level to a higher energy ... energy change associated with this transition provides information on the structure of a molecule and determines many molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_electronic_transition

Structures, and 3D Molecules IUMSC - Indiana University Molecular Structure Center] Complex ion geometry: tetrahedral Molecular ... Lewars, E. (1998). "Pyramidane: an ab initio study of the C5H4 potential energy surface". Journal of Molecular Structure: ... In a tetrahedral molecular geometry, a central atom is located at the center with four substituents that are located at the ... Many compounds and complexes adopt bitetrahedral structures. In this motif, the two tetrahedra share a common edge. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahedral_molecular_geometry

Due to the asymmetric structure of most molecules, many molecular solids have directional intermolecular forces. This ... ISBN 978-0-618-85748-7. James Wei (2007). Product engineering: molecular structure and properties. Oxford University Press. p. ... One form of an element may be a molecular solid, but another form of that same element may not be a molecular solid. For ... and thermal properties of molecular solids. Molecular solids are poor electrical conductors, although some, such as TTF-TCNQ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_solid

Lemont Kier and Lowell Hall, Molecular structure description. Academic Press, 1999. Alexandru T. Balaban (Ed.), From chemical ... molecular conformations, etc. Invariance to molecular numbering or labeling is assumed as a minimal basic requirement for any ... Mati Karelson, Molecular Descriptors in QSAR/QSPR, John Wiley & Sons, 2000. James Devillers and Alexandru T. Balaban (Eds.), ... This was defined by Todeschini and Consonni as: "The molecular descriptor is the final result of a logic and mathematical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_descriptor

These algorithms first convert the SMILES to an internal representation of the molecular structure; an algorithm then examines ... The term SMILES refers to a line notation for encoding molecular structures and specific instances should strictly be called ... SMILES corresponds to discrete molecular structures. However many materials are macromolecules, which are too large (and often ... The simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) is a specification in the form of a line notation for describing the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system

Coverage includes structure to human diseases, concentrating on molecular analyses. Topics include gene expression, RNA ... Molecular Cell is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers research on cell biology at the molecular level, with an ... Molecular Cell is a Cell Press journal (an imprint of Elsevier) and is a companion to Cell. Launched in December 1997, ... The majority of papers published in Molecular Cell are articles in the format familiar from Cell. However, it also publishes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_Cell

A molecular orbital exploration of structure, stereochemistry, and reaction dynamics". Inorganic Chemistry. 16 (3): 511-522. ... In chemistry, the capped trigonal prismatic molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where seven atoms or groups of ... Examples of the capped trigonal prismatic molecular geometry are the heptafluorotantalate (TaF2− 7) and the heptafluoroniobate ... v t e (Stereochemistry, Molecular geometry, All stub articles, Chemistry stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capped_trigonal_prismatic_molecular_geometry

A molecular orbital exploration of structure, stereochemistry, and reaction dynamics". Inorganic Chemistry. 16 (3): 511-522. ... In chemistry, the capped octahedral molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where seven atoms or groups of atoms or ... Examples of the capped octahedral molecular geometry are the heptafluoromolybdate (MoF− 7) and the heptafluorotungstate (WF− 7 ... v t e (Stereochemistry, Molecular geometry, All stub articles, Chemistry stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capped_octahedral_molecular_geometry

1] - Images of IF7 3D Chem - Chemistry, Structures, and 3D Molecules IUMSC - Indiana University Molecular Structure Center ( ... A molecular orbital exploration of structure, stereochemistry, and reaction dynamics". Inorganic Chemistry. 16 (3): 511-522. ... In chemistry, a pentagonal bipyramid is a molecular geometry with one atom at the centre with seven ligands at the corners of a ... A perfect pentagonal bipyramid belongs to the molecular point group D5h. The pentagonal bipyramid is a case where bond angles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentagonal_bipyramidal_molecular_geometry

Jemmis mno rules Lewis structure Molecular design software Molecular graphics Molecular mechanics Molecular modelling Molecular ... Molecular geometries are best determined at low temperature because at higher temperatures the molecular structure is averaged ... As in 2D molecular structures of this type, atoms are implied at each vertex. Electron density plot - shows the electron ... Molecular Geometry using Crystals 3D structure visualization of molecules using Crystallography. (Webarchive template wayback ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_geometry

ISBN 0130-39913-2. Finch, A.; Fitch, A.N.; Gates, P.N. (1993). "Crystal and Molecular structure of a metastable modification of ... In chemistry, molecular autoionization (or self-ionization) is a chemical reaction between molecules of the same substance to ... Molecular physics, All stub articles, Chemistry stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_autoionization

Molecular genetics, the study of gene structure and function, has been among the most prominent sub-fields of molecular biology ... Watson, J. D.; Crick, F. H. C. (April 1953). "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid". ... The study of chemical and physical structure of biological macromolecules is known as molecular biology. Molecular biology was ... Molecular biology is the study of the molecular underpinnings of the biological phenomena, focusing on molecular synthesis, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology

The earliest efforts to produce models of molecular structure was done by Project MAC using wire-frame models displayed on a ... List of molecular graphics systems Molecular design software Molecular model Molecular modelling Molecular geometry Molecule ... The first two protein structures solved by molecular graphics without the aid of the Richards' Box were built with Stan ... Prior to the use of computer graphics in representing molecular structure, Robert Corey and Linus Pauling developed a system ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_graphics

It covers research on the molecular basis of cell structure and function. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the ... "Molecular Biology of the Cell". 2012 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2013. "Molecular ... Molecular Biology of the Cell is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society for Cell Biology ... Molecular Biology of the Cell. 21 (1): 1-2. doi:10.1091/mbc.E19-09-0502. Official website v t e (Articles with short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_Biology_of_the_Cell

MR relies upon the existence of a previously solved protein structure which is similar to our unknown structure from which the ... Phaser - One of the most commonly used molecular replacement programmes. Molrep - Molecular replacement package within CCP4 ... "Improving NMR protein structure quality by Rosetta refinement: a molecular replacement study". Proteins. 75 (1): 147-67. doi: ... "Molecular-replacement phasing using predicted protein structures from AWSEM-Suite". IUCrJ. 7 (6): 1168-1178. doi:10.1107/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_replacement

An example of a YES logic gate is the molecular structure shown below. A "1" output is given only when sodium ions are present ... A Molecular Photoionic AND Gate Based on Fluorescent Signaling The 3rd International Conference on Molecular Sensors & ... Such molecular systems can theoretically overcome the problems arising when semiconductors approach nano-dimensions. Molecular ... Logic Operations at the Molecular Level. An XOR Gate Based on a Molecular Machine J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997,119, 2679-2681.( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_logic_gate

... s are useful for fabricating thin films in molecular beam epitaxy and artificial structures such as quantum wells ... Molecular beams have also been applied as crossed molecular beams. The molecules in the molecular beam can be manipulated by ... Gordon, J. P.; Zeiger, H. J.; Townes, C. H. (1954-07-01). "Molecular Microwave Oscillator and New Hyperfine Structure in the ... A molecular beam is produced by allowing a gas at higher pressure to expand through a small orifice into a chamber at lower ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_beam

Knotted proteins are thought to form molecular knots during their tertiary structure folding process, and knotted nucleic acids ... Applying chemical topology and knot theory to molecular knots allows biologists to better understand the structures and ... Molecular simulations are fundamental to the research on molecular knotting mechanisms. Knotted DNA was found first by Liu et ... In chemistry, a molecular knot is a mechanically interlocked molecular architecture that is analogous to a macroscopic knot. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_knot

The nonmetals are distinguished based on the molecular structures of their most thermodynamically stable forms in ambient ... molecular structure; the peculiar nature of hydrogen; the corrosive nature of oxygen and the halogens; their respective groups ... Polyatomic nonmetals form structures or molecules in which each atom has two or three nearest neighbours (carbon: Cx; ... Classes provided an economy of description and are beneficial to structuring knowledge and understanding of science. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_alternative_nonmetal_classes

Ibers, James A. (October 1965). "Molecular Structure". Annual Review of Physical Chemistry. 16: 375-396. Bibcode:1965ARPC...16 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenon_oxytetrafluoride

Specifically his research includes: Gas vesicles of cyanobacteria: physiology; structure; molecular biology; ecology The ... Molecular Microbiology, 17, 147-154. McMaster, T.J., Miles, M.J. & Walsby, A.E. 1996. Direct observation of protein secondary ... structure in gas vesicles by atomic force microscopy. Biophysics Journal, 70, 2432-2436. Walsby, A.E. & A. Avery. 1996. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.E._Walsby

Xiao-Feng P (2014). "Chapter 5". Water: Molecular Structure And Properties. World Scientific. pp. 390-461. ISBN 9789814440448. ... Davidson MW (26 May 2005). "Animal Cell Structure". Molecular Expressions. Tallahassee, Fla.: Florida State University. ... Waters ER (December 2003). "Molecular adaptation and the origin of land plants". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (3 ... Molecular analysis since 1992 has suggested that hagfish are most closely related to lampreys, and so also are vertebrates in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_life

Davidson, Michael W. (26 May 2005). "Animal Cell Structure". Molecular Expressions. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University. ... They are highly diverse, not just in size and in anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and in habitat. The majority of ... Fossils of cnidarians that do not build mineralized structures are rare. Scientists currently think cnidarians, ctenophores and ... multicellular animals around 1 millimetre across and the simplest in structure. They have no regular outline, although the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_invertebrates

Molecular Networks. Structure and Bonding. Vol. 132. pp. 25-50. Bibcode:2009MNSB..132...25B. doi:10.1007/430_2008_7. ISBN 978-3 ... Structure-based virtual screening methods, such as docking, makes use of cocrystal structures of known proteins or receptors to ... One definition states that a cocrystal is a crystalline structure composed of at least two components, where the components may ... A more inclusive definition is that cocrystals "consist of two or more components that form a unique crystalline structure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocrystal

Davidson, Michael W. (May 26, 2005). "Animal Cell Structure". Molecular Expressions. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University ... While this does not prove that the structures found had a non-biological origin, they cannot be taken as clear evidence for the ... In small rock pore systems, membranous structures between alkaline seawater and the acidic ocean would be conducive to proton ... "This paper was originally presented at a workshop titled Evolution: A Molecular Point of View." Hanczyc, Martin M.; Fujikawa, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_life

"Car-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics: An ab initio Electronic Structure and Molecular Dynamics Program" (PDF). Manual for CPMD ... Lee, Hee-Seung; Tuckerman, Mark E. (2006-10-21). "Structure of liquid water at ambient temperature from ab initio molecular ... Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics or CPMD refers to either a method used in molecular dynamics (also known as the Car- ... Kühne, Thomas D. (2014). "Second generation Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics". WIREs Computational Molecular Science. 4 (4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car–Parrinello_molecular_dynamics

Molecular Microbiology. 87 (5): 1088-99. doi:10.1111/mmi.12152. PMID 23320564. Sinkunas T, Gasiunas G, Fremaux C, Barrangou R, ... "Structures of CRISPR Cas3 offer mechanistic insights into Cascade-activated DNA unwinding and degradation". Nature Structural ... Molecular Biology. 21 (9): 771-7. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2875. PMC 4156918. PMID 25132177. Gasiunas G, Barrangou R, Horvath P, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_Biosciences

Structure. 16 (1): 82-92. doi:10.1016/j.str.2007.10.020. PMID 18184586. Wu N, Pai EF (Aug 2002). "Crystal structures of ... Suchi M, Mizuno H, Kawai Y, Tsuboi T, Sumi S, Okajima K, Hodgson ME, Ogawa H, Wada Y (Mar 1997). "Molecular cloning of the ... Suchi M, Harada N, Tsuboi T, Asai K, Okajima K, Wada Y, Takagi Y (1990). "Molecular cloning of human UMP synthase". Purine and ... There is a 30:1 equilibrium between the close and open structures in the enzyme-Mg-PRPP complex, which suggests that the close ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_monophosphate_synthase

Microbiological and Molecular Biological Analysis Based on 16S rRNA Gene". Microbiology Indonesia. 2 (1): 17-21. doi:10.5454/mi ... Physical structure, incompatibility determinants, origin of replication, and transfer functions". Journal of Bacteriology. 174 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonius_Suwanto

Neese, Frank (2009). "Prediction of molecular properties and molecular spectroscopy with density functional theory: From ... electronic and geometric structure and reactivity of transition metal complexes and metalloenzymes. He is lead author of the ... "International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science". www.iaqms.org. Retrieved 16 December 2021. Website at the Max-Planck- ... Neese, Frank (2012). "The ORCA program system". WIREs Computational Molecular Science. 2: 73-78. doi:10.1002/wcms.81. S2CID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Neese

... ether Hexylresorcinol Sedanolide This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated with the same molecular ... The molecular formula C12H18O2 (molar mass: 194.27 g/mol, exact mass: 194.1307 u) may refer to: 2,5-Dimethoxy-p-cymene, or ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, All set index articles, Molecular formula set ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C12H18O2

Initial work was done by laboratories at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Greg Winter and John McCafferty), the Scripps ... Users can use three dimensional structure of a protein and the peptides selected from phage display experiment to map ... Phage display technology was further developed and improved by groups at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology with Greg Winter ... Journal of Molecular Biology. 254 (3): 392-403. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1995.0626. PMID 7490758. Barbas CF, Hu D, Dunlop N, Sawyer L, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_display

PTGS2 (COX-2) exists as a homodimer, each monomer with a molecular mass of about 70 kDa. The tertiary and quaternary structures ... Picot D, Loll PJ, Garavito RM (January 1994). "The X-ray crystal structure of the membrane protein prostaglandin H2 synthase-1 ... O'Banion MK (1999). "Cyclooxygenase-2: molecular biology, pharmacology, and neurobiology". Crit Rev Neurobiol. 13 (1): 45-82. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin-endoperoxide_synthase_2

He was awarded a PhD from the University of Edinburgh in 1989 for research investigating the structure and function of the ... He was appointed a lecturer in the division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at University of Glasgow from 1994 to 1999. ... Additionally, Graham was elected as a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in 2016,[citation needed] ... Structure and function of the cucumber malate synthase gene and expression during plant development. ethos.bl.uk (PhD thesis). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_A._Graham

A pronotum is a plate-like structure that covers all or part of the dorsal surface of the thorax of certain insects. They also ... 2017 Mar 13;3:3. doi: 10.1186/s40851-017-0063-x. PMID: 28331632; PMCID: PMC5348754 Tanaka M, Daimon T. First molecular genetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_cockroach

It has also been used to study the structure of Plasmodium falciparum, a particularly pathogenic form of malaria. In 1986, P. A ... Mie scattering (sometimes referred to as a non-molecular scattering or aerosol particle scattering) takes place in the lower ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mie_scattering

August 2010). "Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and ... and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi_metallo-beta-lactamase_1

Within molecular and cell biology, HLA-DQ3 (DQ3) is a broad serotype category with split antigens HLA-DQ7, DQ8, and DQ9. ... is similar in structure and function to DQB1*0301 generally considered to be HLA-DQ7 DQB1*0305 is similar in structure and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DQ3

2016) Molecular ecolution of the capsid gene in human norovirus genogroup II. Sci Rep 6:29400 Ozaki K, Matsushima Y, Nagasawa K ... The virus particles demonstrate an amorphous surface structure when visualized using electron microscopy. Noroviruses contain a ... fragment-based molecular docking and binding free energy calculations". Carbohydr. Res. 378: 133-8. doi:10.1016/j.carres. ... Motoya T, Ryo A, Kuroda M, Katayama K, Kimura H (2018) Molecular evolutionary analyses of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus

Cong, Peiyun; Ma, Xiaoya; Hou, Xianguang; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Strausfeld, Nicholas J. (2014). "Brain structure resolves the ... Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2010). "Arthropod phylogeny: an overview from the perspectives of morphology, molecular data and the ... Arthropod Structure & Development. Evolution of Segmentation. 46 (3): 354-379. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.011. ISSN 1467-8039. ... but highly fused into a nozzle-like structure in Opabiniidae. Based on their preocular position and putative protocerebral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinocaridida

Avobenzone Nafenopin This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated with the same molecular formula. If an ... The molecular formula C20H22O3 (molar mass: 310.39 g/mol, exact mass: 310.1569 u) may refer to: ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, All set index articles, Molecular formula set ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C20H22O3

A predicted 3' UTR structure was generated using Unafold and depicts predicted stem loop structures. Two stem loop structures ... Human PANO1 protein has a molecular weight of 22.8 kb and a theoretical, isoelectric point of 12.21. From an analysis of the ... The structure of PANO1 is 82% disordered meaning the protein is able to move around easily. The secondary structure reveals a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PANO1

Portal: Biology v t e (EC 1.16.1, NADPH-dependent enzymes, Enzymes of unknown structure, All stub articles, Oxidoreductase ... "Human methionine synthase reductase is a molecular chaperone for human methionine synthase". Proceedings of the National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(Methionine_synthase)_reductase

Code used to identify the structure of a protein in the PDB database of protein structures. The 3D atomic structure of a ... Molecular-biology-related lists, Restriction enzymes). ... Jeremy MB, John LT, Lubert S (2002). "3. Protein Structure and ... Pingoud A, Jeltsch A (September 2001). "Structure and function of type II restriction endonucleases". Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (18 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_Bst–Bv

Propoxycaine Proxymetacaine This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated with the same molecular formula. ... The molecular formula C16H26N2O3 (molar mass: 294.389 g/mol, exact mass: 294.1943 u) may refer to: ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, All set index articles, Molecular formula set ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C16H26N2O3

Coyle JE, Qamar S, Rajashankar KR, Nikolov DB (January 2002). "Structure of GABARAP in two conformations: implications for GABA ... alpha 1 beta 3 gamma 2 receptors determined by molecular modeling". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 1565 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-aminobutyric_acid_receptor_subunit_gamma-2

This induces long-range allostery via protein domain dynamics, causing the structure to be destabilized, resulting in the ... Molecular and Cellular Biology. 10 (3): 1000-9. doi:10.1128/mcb.10.3.1000. PMC 360952. PMID 1689455. Zan L, Wu H, Jiang J, Zhao ... Structure. 25 (4): 630-640.e4. doi:10.1016/j.str.2017.02.011. PMID 28319009. Cooper JA, Gould KL, Cartwright CA, Hunter T ( ... interactive 3D model of the structure of SRC Vega geneview Src Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway Archived 2014-12- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-oncogene_tyrosine-protein_kinase_Src

Sun Y, Yin S, Feng Y, Li J, Zhou J, Liu C, Zhu G, Guo Z (May 2014). "Molecular basis of the general base catalysis of an α/β- ... The crystal structure of the MenH enzyme in E.coli (SHCHC synthase) exists as a complex of three protein molecules shown in the ... Portal: Biology (EC 4.2.99, Enzymes of known structure). ... "Crystal structures of E. coli native MenH and two active site ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate_synthase

Burge, Chris; Karlin, Samuel (1997). "Prediction of Complete Gene Structures in Human Genomic DNA". Journal of Molecular ... Copy-number variations (CNVs) are an abundant form of genome structure variation in humans. A discrete-valued bivariate HMM ( ... Additionally, this model accounts for differences in gene density and structure (such as intron lengths) that occur in ... Journal of Molecular Biology. 190 (2): 159-65. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(86)90289-5. PMID 3641921. Durbin, Richard (23 April 1998 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baum–Welch_algorithm

Because polar functional groups reduce molecular volatility and make separation by gas chromatography difficult, abietane ... reactions to form more energetically stable systems of conjugated pi bonds in their characteristic three ring structure. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abietane

Dipicolylamine Gapicomine Pyrimethanil This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated with the same molecular ... The molecular formula C12H13N3 (molar mass: 199.25 g/mol, exact mass: 199.1109 u) may refer to: ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, All set index articles, Molecular formula set ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C12H13N3

The necrotic lesions can cause death to the plant structure and plant as a whole. MNSV symptoms tend to be more severe at lower ... Molecular variability among isolates of Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) from Spain, Mexico and Central America. In: XIII ... International Congress on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. Italy: Sorrento, 281. Campbell, R. (1996). "Vector-Assisted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melon_necrotic_spot_virus

The sequences and structures of N proteins from different coronaviruses, particularly the C-terminal domains, appear to be well ... Masters, Paul S. (2006). "The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses". Advances in Virus Research. 66: 193-292. doi:10.1016/S0065- ... A third small domain at the C-terminal tail appears to have an ordered alpha helical secondary structure and may be involved in ... N also serves as a chaperone protein for the formation of RNA structure in the genomic RNA. Synthesis of genomic RNA appears to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_nucleocapsid_protein

February 2022). "Genetic Connections and Convergent Evolution of Tropical Indigenous Peoples in Asia". Molecular Biology and ... "Genomic structure of the native inhabitants of Peninsular Malaysia and North Borneo suggests complex human population history ... reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five distinct ancestral components and a complex structure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negrito

... an antimuscarinic This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated with the same molecular formula. If an ... The molecular formula C21H25NO2 (molar mass: 323.43 g/mol) may refer to: 4-Hydroxy-1-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-3-piperidyl 4- ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, All set index articles, Molecular formula set ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C21H25NO2

... drug used in the treatment of epilepsy This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated with the same molecular ... The molecular formula C14H18O3 (molar mass : 234.29 g/mol) may refer to: Gyrinal, a powerful antiseptic and fish and mammal ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, All set index articles, Molecular formula set ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C14H18O3

Here, we report the first study of the genetic structure and molecular variability among 31 CSDaV isolates collected from both ... Genetic Structure and Molecular Variability Analysis of Citrus sudden death-associated virus Isolates from Infected Plants ... Genetic Structure and Molecular Variability Analysis of Citrus sudden death-associated virus Isolates from Infected Plants ... "Genetic Structure and Molecular Variability Analysis of Citrus sudden death-associated virus Isolates from Infected Plants ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/8/12/330

Abstract: Z12.00006 : On the Molecular Structure of Ge$_{x}$Sb$_{x}$Se$_{1-2x}$ glasses*. 12:15 PM-12:27 PM ...

https://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/MAR10/Session/Z12.6

Optimization of Sensor Geometry and Structure. Written By ... In-Vitro Magnetoresistive Biosensors for Single Molecular Based ...

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/6804

... answers to Chapter 8 Bonding and Molecular Structure - 8-9 Bond Properties: Order, Length, and Energy - Case Study - Questions ... Chapter 7 The Structure of Atoms and Periodic Trends * Chapter 8 Bonding and Molecular Structure * 8-2 Covalent Bonding and ... Chapter 9 Bonding and Molecular Structure: Orbital Hybridization and Molecular Orbitals * Chapter 10 Gases and Their Properties ... Next Answer Chapter 8 Bonding and Molecular Structure - 8-9 Bond Properties: Order, Length, and Energy - Review & Check for ...

https://www.gradesaver.com/textbooks/science/chemistry/chemistry-and-chemical-reactivity-9th-edition/chapter-8-bonding-and-molecular-structure-8-9-bond-properties-order-length-and-energy-case-study-questions-page-331/8

Cation Molecular Structure Affects Mobility and Transport of Electrolytes in Porous Carbons. ... Cation Molecular Structure Affects Mobility and Transport of Electrolytes in Porous Carbons ... Cation Molecular Structure Affects Mobility and Transport of Electrolytes in Porous Carbons, Journal of the Electrochemical ... Cation Molecular Structure Affects Mobility and Transport of Electrolytes in Porous Carbons}, journal = {Journal of the ...

https://nano.materials.drexel.edu/wp-publications/625/

Self-assembling structures of artificial proteins or how to build a molecular "origami". Tags : ... Self-assembling structures of artificial proteins or how to build a molecular "origami" ... If it is possible to build nanostructures of controlled shape by exploiting the double helix structure of DNA molecules ( ... If it is possible to build nanostructures of controlled shape by exploiting the double helix structure of DNA molecules ( ...

https://icb.u-bourgogne.fr/en/news/self-assembling-structures-of-artificial-proteins-or-how-to-build-a-molecular-origami/

Dissertation: Acquired or inherited prestige? : molecular studies of family structures and local horses in Central Svealand ... Acquired or inherited prestige? : molecular studies of family structures and local horses in Central Svealand during the Early ... molecular genetics is applied to the material. A variety of such molecular systems exist for studies on modern material. Some ... Accessibility to bank branches and entrepreneurial dynamics : New firm formation and capital structure of SMEs in Sweden amidst ...

https://www.dissertations.se/dissertation/ae2ff519c0/

The crystal structure of a biological insulated transmembrane molecular wire. Marcus Edwards, Gaye White, Julea Butt, David ... The crystal structure of a biological insulated transmembrane molecular wire. In: Cell. 2020 ; Vol. 181, No. 3. pp. 665-673.e10 ... The crystal structure of a biological insulated transmembrane molecular wire. / Edwards, Marcus; White, Gaye; Butt, Julea; ... title = "The crystal structure of a biological insulated transmembrane molecular wire",. abstract = "A growing number of ...

https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk/en/publications/the-crystal-structure-of-a-biological-insulated-transmembrane-mol

... , Login ... Effect of oxidation on cellulose and water structure : a molecular dynamics simulation study. ... Effect of oxidation on cellulose and water structure : a molecular dynamics simulation study. ... Effect of oxidation on cellulose and water structure : a molecular dynamics simulation study , Cellulose , vol. 28 , no. 7 , ...

https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/107122

Basic Molecular Biology: Basic Science - DNA Structure. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a complex molecule of many components. ...

http://reach.cdc.gov/jobaid/basic-molecular-biology-basic-science-dna-structure

These structures revealed the mode of binding of Rap1 and TFIIA to TFIID, as well as a reorganization of TFIIA induced by its ... These results highlight the role of TFIIA in transcriptional activation, define a molecular mechanism for enhancer-promoter ... The early steps of activator-dependent transcription in yeast are examined by determining the cryo-EM structures of the ... Mapping the initiator binding Taf2 subunit in the structure of hydrated yeast TFIID. Structure 17, 363-373 (2009) ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09080?error=cookies_not_supported&code=26be1eb0-0225-4e65-8978-8115a7218914

Indazaboles : synthesis and molecular structure. In: Applied Organometallic Chemistry. Vol. 24 (2010) Issue 5 . - pp. 398-401. ... The molecular structure is fluxional in solution. In the solid state, the central B2N4 ring adopts a distorted boat ...

https://eref.uni-bayreuth.de/id/eprint/9949/

Home » HGH » What is the Molecular Structure of HGH?. What is the Molecular Structure of HGH?. Written by Dr. Jonathan Peterson ... The molecular structure of HGH has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The hormone is a globular protein with a tertiary ... The molecular weight of HGH is 22,124 daltons.. The amino acid sequence of HGH is highly conserved across species. The human ... structure that is stabilized by several disulfide bonds. The hormone has two major domains, the N-terminal and the C-terminal ...

https://www.hghinjection.com/what-is-the-molecular-structure-of-hgh

Stainless Steel Molecular Structure. Stainless Steel Molecular Structure - Manufacturers, Suppliers, Factory. Our target is to ... Welded black steel pipe conveyor roller stainless steel pipe steel pipe for steel structure ... Sans657/3 round steel pipe low carbon steel pipe steel structure stainless steel pipe ... Industrial Stainless Steel Short Path Molecular Distillation Equipment for Distilling Cannabis Oil ...

https://www.zhstructureshop.com/stainless-steel-molecular-structure/

So Im just gonna put this on the side and now lets actually look at the molecular structure and how it relates to this actual ... Actually get into the molecular structure of DNA. This is a starting point. Lets just remind ourselves what DNA stands for. ... When some molecular structure release a hydrogen ion (hydroxide), the water molecule, being electronegative (hoging electrons ... Why is it that in a nucleotide the oxygen of the 4 carbon bonds with 1? Why not another? Is this necessary to the structure ...

https://en.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-molecular-genetics/hs-discovery-and-structure-of-dna/v/molecular-structure-of-dna

LNCS shop molecular structure by diffraction methods 3172, ushered 50 keyboard male-youth implants, 19 subsets, and 9 online ... The shop molecular structure by diffraction methods vol of media on your units. The morality of ads on your characters. The PE ... about a shop molecular structure by diffraction methods while we remove you in to your Italicus language. Your credit was an ... The shop molecular structure by diffraction is nt fixed. This law is wearing a p. character to please itself from elderly ...

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Molecular structure. Molecular formula: C10H15N. Molecular weight: 149.2 g/mol top of page ...

https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/methamphetamine_en

Determination of the structure and molecular weights of the exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus 5e2 when ... NMR spectroscopy the polysaccharide has been shown to possess the following repeat unit structure ... formate and skimmed milk supplemented with glucose secretes a branched heteropolysaccharide having a weight average molecular ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/perinatal/resource/es/mdl-18039535

Hzymes has developed more than 20 kinds of enzyme molecular rational design approaches based on enzyme structure or function ... Enzyme Structure/Function Analysis & Rational Molecular Design. With diverse natural enzyme, Hzymes has developed more than 20 ... Using a three-dimensional structure along with the biophysical data and function of protein, rational molecular design applies ... Rational molecular design is a strategy of "creating new molecules with a certain functionality, based upon the ability to ...

https://hzymesprk.com/home/blog/enzyme-structure-function-analysis-rational-molecular-design/

BrCl3 is an interhalogen molecule with a molecular weight of 186.26g/mol. ... BrCl3 Lewis Structure, Molecular Geometry, Hybridization, and Polarity. BrCl3 is an interhalogen molecule with a molecular ... Previous Article KCl Lewis Structure, Molecular Geometry, Hybridization, and Polarity. Next Article CH3F Lewis Structure, ... BrCl3 Lewis Structure. The lewis structure gives a simplified representation of the valence electrons present across an atom in ...

https://techiescientist.com/brcl3-lewis-structure/

http://pkcollegecontai.dspaces.org/handle/123456789/512

CH3OH Molecular Geometry. Now that we know the Lewis structure of CH3OH, it is easy to depict the compounds molecular geometry ... CH3OH Lewis Structure. Lewis dot structure is a pictorial representation of the molecule, its bonding with other atoms and the ... The molecules structure is easy to understand, and one can also use this example to study more complex structures in organic ... To understand the structure and shape of this compound, it is vital to know its valence electrons and Lewis structure. ...

https://geometryofmolecules.com/ch3oh-lewis-structure-molecular-geometry-and-shape/

N2 - The molecular structure of the medieval watercolor known as folium has finally been solved in the 21st century. The ... AB - The molecular structure of the medieval watercolor known as folium has finally been solved in the 21st century. The ... abstract = "The molecular structure of the medieval watercolor known as folium has finally been solved in the 21st century. The ... The molecular structure of the medieval watercolor known as folium has finally been solved in the 21st century. The ...

https://novaresearch.unl.pt/en/publications/a-1000-year-old-mystery-solved-unlocking-the-molecular-structure-

An Organotransition-Metal Complex with Pentagonal-Pyramidal Structure ...

https://m4.unizar.es/papers/an-organotransition-metal-complex-with-pentagonal-pyramidal-structure/

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click Accept all cookies well assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you wont see this message again. If you click Reject all non-essential cookies only necessary cookies providing core functionality such as security, network management, and accessibility will be enabled. Click Find out more for information on how to change your cookie settings. ...

https://www.well.ox.ac.uk/publications/3329?ecf3dbb5-00a8-11ee-bfff-061b866677b4

Among secondary structure-forming DNAs are G-quadruplexes, human fragile sites containing minisatellites, AT-rich regions, ... However, evidence for the formation of noncanonical structures in living cells is difficult to gather. It mainly relies on ... Many of these alternative structures are involved in human pathologies, such as neurological or developmental disorders, as in ... This review will discuss and highlight evidence supporting the formation of alternative DNA structures in vivo and will ...

https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-03657816

Exploring levels of protein structure with molecular models and snake venom. sporte , December 17, 2015 ... Molecular modeling apps let us demonstrate that proteins are a bit more like fresh pasta. If we apply rainbow colors (Red ... Studying a receptors structure can give us insights about the way this triggering process works. Capsaicin is a fascinating ... In my last post, I wrote about insulin and interesting features of the insulin structure. Some of the things I learned were ...

https://www.scienceblogs.com/tag/molecule-world

... , Chemistry of Materials ... Molecular cluster model of the electronic structure of substitutional impurities in gallium arsenide. ...

https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1021%252Fcm00006a008/reader

Ostriker, E. C., Stone, J. M., & Gammie, C. F. (2001). Density, velocity, and magnetic field structure in turbulent molecular ... Density, velocity, and magnetic field structure in turbulent molecular cloud models. Eve Charis Ostriker, James McLellan Stone ... Ostriker, EC, Stone, JM & Gammie, CF 2001, Density, velocity, and magnetic field structure in turbulent molecular cloud models ... Density, velocity, and magnetic field structure in turbulent molecular cloud models. / Ostriker, Eve Charis; Stone, James ...

https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/density-velocity-and-magnetic-field-structure-in-turbulent-molecu

Home Science Chemistry HCl; How to Draw Lewis Structure, Molecular Geometry, Hybridization and MOT Diagram ... Lewis structure of HCl contains only one H-Cl bond and there is no charge on HCl Lewis structure as it is a neutral molecule. ... What is the molecular shape of HCl?. The molecular shape of HCl is linear with a bond angle of 180 degrees. ... Hence, it is a stable Lewis structure.. Convert The Lone Pair Into Bond Pair To Obtain The Best Lewis Structure of HCl. Like ...

https://www.scientificsarkar.com/properties-of-hcl/

Methanol or Methyl alcohol is one of the compounds that are used to understand the molecular geometry, bonds, and much more in Organic chemistry. (geometryofmolecules.com)
Now that we know the Lewis structure of CH3OH, it is easy to depict the compound's molecular geometry. (geometryofmolecules.com)

So, when I opened my January copy of The Science Teacher, I was thrilled to see an article on Siamese cat colors and proteins AND molecular genetics (1). (scienceblogs.com)
These proteins had a molecular weight of 110 kDa and were prevalent in ≥ 75% of P. aeruginosa genomes. (bvsalud.org)

A distinction between genetic and cultural belonging is made.To test the models, built upon classic archaeological research, molecular genetics is applied to the material. (dissertations.se)

A growing number of bacteria are recognized to conduct electrons across their cell envelope, and yet molecular details of the mechanisms supporting this process remain unknown. (uea.ac.uk)
Here, we report the atomic structure of an outer membrane spanning protein complex, MtrAB, that is representative of a protein family known to transport electrons between the interior and exterior environments of phylogenetically and metabolically diverse microorganisms. (uea.ac.uk)
The lewis structure gives a simplified representation of the valence electrons present across an atom in a molecule. (techiescientist.com)
For BrCl3, the lewis structure reveals that a total of 28 valence electrons(7 from bromine + 7(3) from 3chlorine atoms) are required to form a single BrCl3 molecule. (techiescientist.com)
In the lewis structure of BrCl3, we find that each chlorine atom has 8 valence electrons thereby satisfying its octet. (techiescientist.com)
To understand the structure and shape of this compound, it is vital to know its valence electrons and Lewis structure. (geometryofmolecules.com)
It helps in knowing the number of bonded electrons, lone pairs, and the compound's molecular shape. (geometryofmolecules.com)
Valence electrons help in drawing this Lewis structure, as all the electrons are shown by using dots, and the straight lines represent the bonds formed between the molecules. (geometryofmolecules.com)
For drawing the structure, you can place four electrons ( as dots ) around the central carbon atom in all four directions. (geometryofmolecules.com)

If it is possible to build nanostructures of controlled shape by exploiting the double helix structure of DNA molecules (leading to assemblies commonly called "DNA origami"), it remains much more difficult to develop such structures. (u-bourgogne.fr)
Rational molecular design is a strategy of "creating new molecules with a certain functionality, based upon the ability to predict how the molecule's structure will affect its behavior through physical models. (hzymesprk.com)
Using a three-dimensional structure along with the biophysical data and function of protein, rational molecular design applies site-directed mutagenesis to create new molecules with certain characteristics and functions. (hzymesprk.com)
We draw the lewis structure to understand better the bond formation between atoms to form molecules. (techiescientist.com)
This is how we predict and draw the lewis structure which gives us a better understanding of the bonding in molecules. (techiescientist.com)

BrCl3 is an interhalogen molecule with a molecular weight of 186.26g/mol. (techiescientist.com)
The number of electron pairs surrounding the central atom can be determined by drawing the lewis structure of the molecule. (techiescientist.com)
Lewis dot structure is a pictorial representation of the molecule, it's bonding with other atoms and the arrangement of atoms in the compound. (geometryofmolecules.com)

Here, we report the first study of the genetic structure and molecular variability among 31 CSDaV isolates collected from both symptomatic and asymptomatic trees in CSD-affected areas. (mdpi.com)
This is a study of the role of inheritance among the élite in Early Medieval central Svealand and the possibility to study it by molecular genetic methods. (dissertations.se)
It mainly relies on genetic assays demonstrating their function in vivo or through genetic instability reflecting particular properties of such structures. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
This review will discuss and highlight evidence supporting the formation of alternative DNA structures in vivo and will emphasize the role of the mismatch repair machinery in binding mispaired DNA duplexes, triggering genetic instability. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
thus, the forensic pathology FFPE tissue archives in Africa have been a largely unexploited genetic resource, with the usability of DNA obtainable from these samples being unknown.Intervention: The study, conducted from January 2015 to August 2016, determined the usefulness of FFPE tissue as a reliable source of genetic material for successful post-mortem molecular applications and diagnostics. (bvsalud.org)

Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation was done to refine the chimeric cell-wall-associated transporter-TLR4 complex as the best interaction. (bvsalud.org)

The molecule's structure is easy to understand, and one can also use this example to study more complex structures in organic chemistry. (geometryofmolecules.com)

A Quick CRISPR Tutorial Go to the Digital World Biology CRISPR Structure Collection. (scienceblogs.com)

The molecular weight of HGH is 22,124 daltons. (hghinjection.com)
The androgen testosterone (17β -hydroxyandrostenone) has a molecular weight of 288 daltons. (cdc.gov)

Considering the role of airway epithelium as a critical barrier for normal pulmonary function and focal point for tumor development, this study demonstrates that raw SWCNT activate molecular events which may be linked to adverse biological responses implicated in pulmonary diseases. (cdc.gov)

These results highlight the role of TFIIA in transcriptional activation, define a molecular mechanism for enhancer-promoter communication and provide structural insights into the pathways of intramolecular communication that convey transcription activation signals through the TFIID complex. (nature.com)
The results of this study show that the molecular mechanism for raw SWCNT-mediated toxicity in BEAS-2B cells is through the activation of caspase-3, caspase-7, and PARP-1. (cdc.gov)

Lactobacillus acidophilus 5e2 when grown on skimmed milk , skimmed milk supplemented with sodium formate and skimmed milk supplemented with glucose secretes a branched heteropolysaccharide having a weight average molecular weight less than 450 kDa. (bvsalud.org)
To investigate molecular perturbation in lung tissues caused by PQ, Sprague Dawley male rats were fed with PQ at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight for 20 times in four weeks. (cdc.gov)
It is a large glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 95 kD, and exists as a homodimer composed of two identical subunits. (cdc.gov)

While drawing the Lewis structure for CH3OH, you will notice that the Carbon atom will have three bonds with three hydrogen atoms and one bond with the Hydroxyl Group . (geometryofmolecules.com)

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With diverse natural enzyme, Hzymes has developed more than 20 kinds of enzyme molecular rational design approaches based on enzyme structure or function analysis to guarantee the efficiency of enzyme functioning. (hzymesprk.com)

The hormone is a globular protein with a tertiary structure that is stabilized by several disulfide bonds. (hghinjection.com)

Classification of iodinated contrast agents by their molecular structures. (medscape.com)

Becker disease results when CLCN1 mutations change the structure or function of both protein subunits that make up the ClC-1 channel. (medlineplus.gov)

Here, the effect of the resulting oxidation point defects on the structural and water interactions of crystalline cellulose {100} surface are explored using classical molecular dynamics simulations. (aalto.fi)

Evolution of glass structure with composition x will be discussed. (aps.org)
Some sequences of unusual base composition may nevertheless form alternative structures, as was shown for many repeated sequences in vitro. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

This constitutes a first experimental whose principle can be generalized to other molecular systems. (u-bourgogne.fr)
A variety of such molecular systems exist for studies on modern material. (dissertations.se)
We use three-dimensional (3D) numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations to follow the evolution of cold, turbulent, gaseous systems with parameters chosen to represent conditions in giant molecular clouds (GMCs). (princeton.edu)

[ 1 ] They are classified on the basis of their physical and chemical characteristics, including their chemical structure, osmolality, iodine content, and ionization in solution. (medscape.com)
Overall, our findings indicated that the multi-epitope vaccine construct has a high-quality structure and suitable characteristics, which may provide a theoretical basis for the development of a Brucella vaccine. (bvsalud.org)

We show that even single oxidations reduce the connections within cellulose crystal significantly, mostly via local interactions between the chains along the surface plane but also via the oxidation defects changing the structure of the crystal in direction perpendicular to the surface. (aalto.fi)
In addition, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation indicated the proper and stable interactions between the chimeric cell-wall-associated transporter and TLR4. (bvsalud.org)

Molecular structure and physiological function of chloride channels. (medlineplus.gov)
His own research interests include the role of anaerobic bacteria in health and disease, structure/function of staphylococcal superantigens, and the molecular pathogenesis of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. (cdc.gov)

shop molecular: As role of the social preferences to modify our research more fair the losing exempt campaigns of endemic l defences will make recommended in manifold to 0%)0%Share your digital Transformation: etc. 30 or higher, Firefox system 27 or higher, and Internet Explorer bone 11 or higher. (sub-sun.com)

Among secondary structure-forming DNAs are G-quadruplexes, human fragile sites containing minisatellites, AT-rich regions, inverted repeats able to form cruciform structures, hairpin-forming CAG/CTG triplet repeats, and triple helices formed by homopurine-homopyrimidine GAA/TTC trinucleotide repeats. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

We analyze magnetic field structure and show that in the high-density regime n H2 ≳ 10 3 cm -3 , total magnetic field strengths increase with density with logarithmic slope ∼1/3-2/3. (princeton.edu)

We compare density, velocity, and magnetic field structure in three sets of model "snapshots" with matched values of the Mach number ℳ ≈ 9,7,5. (princeton.edu)

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The molecular simulations indicate that the effect is most pronounced for the C1-acid oxidation (carboxylic acid formation) but present also for the other defects resulting from oxidation. (aalto.fi)
The present investigations were focused on understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms induced by raw SWCNT (SWCNT) in human bronchial-epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). (cdc.gov)

R" denotes a variety of groups that attach to the basic structure. (cdc.gov)

Is that based on the chemical structure? (khanacademy.org)

Structure of the initial TFIID-activator-promoter recruitment complex. (nature.com)
Structure of the committed complex. (nature.com)
An Organotransition-Metal Complex with Pentagonal-Pyramidal Structure. (unizar.es)

The molecular structure is fluxional in solution. (uni-bayreuth.de)

Efforts were made to reveal their existence directly in a living cell, mainly by generating antibodies specific to secondary structures or using chemical ligands selected for their affinity to these structures. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

However, evidence for the formation of noncanonical structures in living cells is difficult to gather. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

Many of these alternative structures are involved in human pathologies, such as neurological or developmental disorders, as in the case of trinucleotide repeats, or cancers triggered by translocations linked to fragile sites. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

Background: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue archives in hospitals, biobanks, and others offer a vast collection of extensive, readily available specimens for molecular testing. (bvsalud.org)

The structure of BrCl3 is very reactive in nature. (techiescientist.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms13

Chemicals and Drugs80

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment58

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes91

Disciplines and Occupations8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science16

Health Care2

The urinary elimination profiles of diazepam and its metabolites, nordiazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam, in the equine after a 10-mg intramuscular dose. (1/20240)

A single membrane-embedded negative charge is critical for recognizing positively charged drugs by the Escherichia coli multidrug resistance protein MdfA. (2/20240)

Stabilization of poly-L-lysine/DNA polyplexes for in vivo gene delivery to the liver. (3/20240)

Isolation of SMTP-3, 4, 5 and -6, novel analogs of staplabin, and their effects on plasminogen activation and fibrinolysis. (4/20240)

Novel selective inhibitors for human topoisomerase I, BM2419-1 and -2 derived from saintopin. (5/20240)

Apicularens A and B, new cytostatic macrolides from Chondromyces species (myxobacteria): production, physico-chemical and biological properties. (6/20240)

BE-31405, a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Penicillium minioluteum. I. Description of producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. (7/20240)

Structure of actinotetraose hexatiglate, a unique glucotetraose from an actinomycete bacterium. (8/20240)

Molecular Structure

Models, Molecular

X-Ray Diffraction

Molecular Conformation

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Protein Conformation

Structure-Activity Relationship

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Crystallography, X-Ray

Base Sequence

Crystallography

Hydrogen Bonding

Models, Chemical

Protein Structure, Secondary

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship

Cloning, Molecular

Binding Sites

Genome Components

Chemistry, Physical

Chemistry

Crystallization

Molecular Weight

Physicochemical Phenomena

Spectrum Analysis, Raman

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular

Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling

Chemical Phenomena

Spectrophotometry, Infrared

Water

Proteins

Scenedesmus

Sequence Alignment

Macromolecular Substances

DNA

Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Thermodynamics

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Temperature

Protein Binding

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Electron Microscope Tomography

Stereoisomerism

Surface Properties

Models, Structural

Synchrotrons

Humic Substances

Microscopy, Electron

Microscopy, Atomic Force

Spectrum Analysis

Solutions

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Computer Simulation

Chromatium

Recombinant Proteins

Kinetics

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Computer Graphics

Circular Dichroism

Protein Structure, Quaternary

Peptides

Cryoelectron Microscopy

Escherichia coli

Metmyoglobin

Freeze Etching

Bisbenzimidazole

Pharmaceutical Preparations

Species Specificity

DNA, Complementary

Solvents

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning

Hydrogen

Restriction Mapping

Amino Acids

Software

Cell Membrane

Cattle

Static Electricity

Models, Biological