Mixed Function Oxygenases
Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.
Oxygenases
7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase
Benzopyrene Hydroxylase
Antipyrine
Phenobarbital
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Allylisopropylacetamide
Microsomes, Liver
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Enzyme Induction
Ketoglutaric Acids
Dioxygenases
Liver
Biliverdine
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases
A large group of cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) monooxygenases that complex with NAD(P)H-FLAVIN OXIDOREDUCTASE in numerous mixed-function oxidations of aromatic compounds. They catalyze hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of substrates and are important in the metabolism of steroids, drugs, and toxins such as PHENOBARBITAL, carcinogens, and insecticides.
Nonheme Iron Proteins
NADP
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Heme
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
A species of gram-positive, asporogenous bacteria in which three cultural types are recognized. These types (gravis, intermedius, and mitis) were originally given in accordance with the clinical severity of the cases from which the different strains were most frequently isolated. This species is the causative agent of DIPHTHERIA.
beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase
Hydroxylation
Iron
Oxidoreductases, O-Demethylating
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Pseudomonas putida
Biodegradation, Environmental
Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase
A mixed-function oxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of a prolyl-glycyl containing peptide, usually in PROTOCOLLAGEN, to a hydroxyprolylglycyl-containing-peptide. The enzyme utilizes molecular OXYGEN with a concomitant oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate to SUCCINATE. The enzyme occurs as a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits. The beta subunit of procollagen-proline dioxygenase is identical to the enzyme PROTEIN DISULFIDE-ISOMERASES.
Heme Oxygenase-1
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Benzoates
Pseudomonas
Catalysis
Oxygen
Crystallography, X-Ray
Hemin
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Amino Acid Sequence
Streptomyces
Molecular Structure
Aroclors
Environmental Monitoring
Isotopes
Decreased liver and lung drug-metabolizing activity in mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum. (1/3676)
Injections of killed suspensions of Corynebacterium parvum (i.p.) in young male mice were followed by time- and dose-dependent decreases in the drug-metabolizing activity of liver microsomes and lung homogenates. In vitro assays with model substrates [aminopyrine, aniline, p-nitroanisole, and benzo(a)pyrene] were used to quantitate drug-metabolizing activity. It is likely that such decreases in mixed function oxidases activity will act to significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of concurrently or subsequently administered drugs. The results provide a possible mechanism to explain several previously reported immunochemotherapeutic interactions. (+info)Patterns of evolutionary rate variation among genes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. (2/3676)
The anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway is responsible for the production of anthocyanin pigments in plant tissues and shares a number of enzymes with other biochemical pathways. The six core structural genes of this pathway have been cloned and characterized in two taxonomically diverse plant species (maize and snapdragon). We have recently cloned these genes for a third species, the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea. This additional information provides an opportunity to examine patterns of evolution among genes within a single biochemical pathway. We report here that upstream genes in the anthocyanin pathway have evolved substantially more slowly than downstream genes and suggest that this difference in evolutionary rates may be explained by upstream genes being more constrained because they participate in several different biochemical pathways. In addition, regulatory genes associated with the anthocyanin pathway tend to evolve more rapidly than the structural genes they regulate, suggesting that adaptive evolution of flower color may be mediated more by regulatory than by structural genes. Finally, for individual anthocyanin genes, we found an absence of rate heterogeneity among three major angiosperm lineages. This rate constancy contrasts with an accelerated rate of evolution of three CHS-like genes in the Ipomoea lineage, indicating that these three genes have diverged without coordinated adjustment by other pathway genes. (+info)The PalkBFGHJKL promoter is under carbon catabolite repression control in Pseudomonas oleovorans but not in Escherichia coli alk+ recombinants. (3/3676)
The alk genes are located on the OCT plasmid of Pseudomonas oleovorans and encode an inducible pathway for the utilization of n-alkanes as carbon and energy sources. We have investigated the influence of alternative carbon sources on the induction of this pathway in P. oleovorans and Escherichia coli alk+ recombinants. In doing so, we confirmed earlier reports that induction of alkane hydroxylase activity in pseudomonads is subject to carbon catabolite repression. Specifically, synthesis of the monooxygenase component AlkB is repressed at the transcriptional level. The alk genes have been cloned into plasmid pGEc47, which has a copy number of about 5 to 10 per cell in both E. coli and pseudomonads. Pseudomonas putida GPo12 is a P. oleovorans derivative cured of the OCT plasmid. Upon introduction of pGEc47 in this strain, carbon catabolite repression of alkane hydroxylase activity was reduced significantly. In cultures of recombinant E. coli HB101 and W3110 carrying pGEc47, induction of AlkB and transcription of the alkB gene were no longer subject to carbon catabolite repression. This suggests that carbon catabolite repression of alkane degradation is regulated differently in Pseudomonas and in E. coli strains. These results also indicate that PalkBFGHJKL, the Palk promoter, might be useful in attaining high expression levels of heterologous genes in E. coli grown on inexpensive carbon sources which normally trigger carbon catabolite repression of native expression systems in this host. (+info)Properties of 5-aminolaevulinate synthetase and its relationship to microsomal mixed-function oxidation in the southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania). (4/3676)
1. Activity of 5-aminolaevulinate synthetase was measured in the midgut and other tissues of the last larval instar of the southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania Cramer, formerly Prodenia eridania Cramer). 2. Optimum conditions for measuring the activity were established with respect to all variables involved and considerable differences from those reported for mammalian enzyme preparations were found. 3. Maximum activity (20 nmol/h per mg of protein) occurs 18-24 h after the fifth moult and thereafter decreases to trace amounts as the larvae age and approach pupation. 4. Synthetase activity was rapidly induced by oral administration (in the diet) of pentamethylbenzene, phenobarbital, diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine-3, 5-dicarboxylate, and 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide. 5. Puromycin inhibited the induction of synthetase by pentamethylbenzene. 6. Induction of 5-aminolaevulinate synthetase correlated well with the induction of microsomal N-demethylation of p-chloro-N-methylaniline, except for phenobarbital, which induced the microsomal oxidase relatively more than the synthetase. (+info)Null mutation in IRE1 gene inhibits overproduction of microsomal cytochrome P450Alk1 (CYP 52A3) and proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (5/3676)
Overproduction of microsomal cytochrome P450Alk1 (P450Alk1) of Candida maltosa in Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in an extensive proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induction of Kar2p and Pdi1p. The ire1 null mutation severely suppressed ER proliferation, reduced the level of functional P450Alk1, and showed no induction of these ER chaperones, suggesting that the function of Ire1p is required for ER proliferation upon the overproduction of P450Alk1. Cerulenin, a potent inhibitor of lipid biosynthesis, also induced these chaperones in an Ire1p-dependent manner and limited the production of functional P450Alk1. These results imply that Ire1p may function to restore the balance between membrane proteins and lipids of the ER when the ER is relatively overcrowded by membrane proteins. (+info)Structure of a cytochrome P450-redox partner electron-transfer complex. (6/3676)
The crystal structure of the complex between the heme- and FMN-binding domains of bacterial cytochrome P450BM-3, a prototype for the complex between eukaryotic microsomal P450s and P450 reductase, has been determined at 2.03 A resolution. The flavodoxin-like flavin domain is positioned at the proximal face of the heme domain with the FMN 4.0 and 18.4 A from the peptide that precedes the heme-binding loop and the heme iron, respectively. The heme-binding peptide represents the most efficient and coupled through-bond electron pathway to the heme iron. Substantial differences between the FMN-binding domains of P450BM-3 and microsomal P450 reductase, observed around the flavin-binding sites, are responsible for different redox properties of the FMN, which, in turn, control electron flow to the P450. (+info)Immunophilins, Refsum disease, and lupus nephritis: the peroxisomal enzyme phytanoyl-COA alpha-hydroxylase is a new FKBP-associated protein. (7/3676)
FKBP52 (FKBP59, FKBP4) is a "macro" immunophilin that, although sharing high structural and functional homologies in its amino-terminal domain with FKBP12 (FKBP1), does not have immunosuppressant activity when complexed with FK506, unlike FKBP12. To investigate the physiological function of FKBP52, we used the yeast two-hybrid system as an approach to find its potential protein partners and, from that, its cellular role. This methodology, which already has allowed us to find the FK506-binding protein (FKBP)-associated protein FAP48, also led to the detection of another FKBP-associated protein. Determination of the sequence of this protein permitted its identification as phytanoyl-CoA alpha-hydroxylase (PAHX), a peroxisomal enzyme that so far was unknown as an FKBP-associated protein. Inactivation of this enzyme is responsible for Refsum disease in humans. The protein also corresponds to the mouse protein LN1, which could be involved in the progress of lupus nephritis. We show here that PAHX has the physical capacity to interact with the FKBP12-like domain of FKBP52, but not with FKBP12, suggesting that it is a particular and specific target of FKBP52. Whereas the binding of calcineurin to FKBP12 is potentiated by FK506, the specific association of PAHX and FKBP52 is maintained in the presence of FK506. This observation suggests that PAHX is a serious candidate for studying the cellular signaling pathway(s) involving FKBP52 in the presence of immunosuppressant drugs. (+info)Involvement of cytochromes P-450 2E1 and 3A4 in the 5-hydroxylation of salicylate in humans. (8/3676)
Hydroxylation of salicylate into 2,3 and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids (2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA) by human liver microsomal preparations was investigated. Kinetic studies demonstrated that salicylate was 5-hydroxylated with two apparent Km: one high-affinity Km of 606 microM and one low-affinity Km greater than 2 mM. Liver microsomes prepared from 15 human samples catalyzed the formation of 2,5-DHBA at metabolic rate of 21.7 +/- 8.5 pmol/mg/min. The formation of 2, 3-DHBA was not P-450 dependent. Formation of 2,5-DHBA was inhibited by 36 +/- 14% following preincubation of microsomes with diethyldithiocarbamate, a mechanism-based selective inhibitor of P-450 2E1. Furthermore, the efficiency of inhibition was significantly correlated with four catalytic activities specific to P-450 2E1, whereas the residual activity was correlated with three P-450 3A4 catalytic activities. Troleandomycin, a mechanism-based inhibitor selective to P-450 3A4, inhibited by 30 +/- 12% the 5-hydroxylation of salicylate, and this inhibition was significantly correlated with nifedipine oxidation, specific to P-450 3A4. The capability of seven recombinant human P-450s to hydroxylate salicylate demonstrated that P-450 2E1 and 3A4 contributed to 2, 5-DHBA formation in approximately equal proportions. The Km values of recombinant P-450 2E1 and 3A4, 280 and 513 microM, respectively, are in the same range as the high-affinity Km measured with human liver microsomes. The plasmatic metabolic ratio 2,5-DHBA/salicylate, measured 2 h after ingestion of 1 g acetylsalicylate, was increased 3-fold in 12 alcoholic patients at the beginning of their withdrawal period versus 15 control subjects. These results confirm that P-450 2E1, inducible by ethanol, is involved in the 5-hydroxylation of salicylate in humans. Furthermore, this ratio was still increased by 2-fold 1 week after ethanol withdrawal. This finding suggests that P-450 3A4, known to be also inducible by alcoholic beverages, plays an important role in this increase, because P-450 2E1 returned to normal levels in less than 3 days after ethanol withdrawal. Finally, in vivo and in vitro data demonstrated that P-450 2E1 and P-450 3A4, both inducible by alcohols, catalyzed the 5-hydroxylation of salicylate. (+info)
SAD, a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase highly expressed in high-oil maize inbred lines, Russian Journal of Plant...
Peptidylglycine alpha-Amidating Monooxygenase/PAM Overexpression Lysate (Native) (NBP2-05619): Novus Biologicals
Sequence Similarity
- 1AFR: STEAROYL-ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN DESATURASE FROM CASTOR SEEDS Sequence Similarity Report Page
RCSB PDB
- 1AFR: STEAROYL-ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN DESATURASE FROM CASTOR SEEDS Literature Report Page
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A warfarin-dosing model in Asians that uses single-nucleotide polymorphisms in vitamin K epoxide reductase complex and...
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CYP2C19 - Wikipedia
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Two enzymes concerned in peptide hormone α-amidation are synthesized from a single mRNA<...
peptidylglycine monooxygenase
Summary Report | CureHunter
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Peptidylglycine-alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase generates two hydroxylated products from its mechanism-based suicide...
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Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2
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Transition metal oxo complex
Sharpless, K.B.; Flood, T.C. (1971). "Oxotransition metal oxidants as mimics for the action of mixed-function oxygenases. 'NIH ...
Bioluminescence
It suggests that the original purpose of luciferases was as mixed-function oxygenases. As the early ancestors of many species ... Bioluminescence has several functions in different taxa. Steven Haddock et al. (2010) list as more or less definite functions ... The following functions are reasonably well established in the named organisms. In many animals of the deep sea, including ... They do not have the same function as the normal suckers because they no longer have any handling or grappling ability due its ...
Methanol
These enzymes are mixed-function oxygenases, i.e. oxygenation is coupled with production of water and NAD+. CH 4 + O 2 + NADPH ... Similarly, the alcohol can be gelled to reduce risk of leaking or spilling, as with the brand "Sterno". Methanol is mixed with ...
Lysine 2-monooxygenase
... internal monooxygenases o internal mixed-function oxidases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-lysine:oxygen 2- ... Takeda H, Hayaishi O (1966). "Crystalline L-lysine oxygenase". J. Biol. Chem. 241 (11): 2733-6. PMID 5911646. Takeda H, ... oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O with incorporation of one atom of oxygen ( ... oxidoreductase (decarboxylating). Other names in common use include lysine oxygenase, lysine monooxygenase, and L-lysine-2- ...
Arginine 2-monooxygenase
... internal monooxygenases o internal mixed-function oxidases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-arginine:oxygen 2- ... Olomucki A, Pho DB, Lebar R, Delcambe L, Thoai NV (1968). "[Arginine oxygenase (decarboxylating). V. Purification and flavin ... oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O with incorporation of one atom of oxygen ( ... arginine oxygenase (decarboxylating), and arginine decarboxy-oxidase. This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of ...
Joanna Wilson
Measuring the potency of pulp mill effluents for induction of hepatic mixed-function oxygenase activity in fish. Journal of ...
Alkylglycerol monooxygenase
... is a membrane-bound mixed-function oxidase and harbours a fatty acid hydroxylase motif. The iron is ... Other names in use are glyceryl-ether monooxygenase, glyceryl-ether cleaving enzyme, glyceryl ether oxygenase, glyceryl ...
Methanol
These enzymes are mixed-function oxygenases, i.e. oxygenation is coupled with production of water:[47] ... Methanol is mixed with water and injected into high performance diesel and gasoline engines for an increase of power and a ...
Oplophorus-luciferin 2-monooxygenase
... internal monooxygenases o internal mixed-function oxidases). Although the enzyme is part of the group of enzymes that act on ... oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O with incorporation of one atom of oxygen ( ... however its exact function is not known [3,4,7]. Although originally thought to have the exact same mechanism as the Renilla ... but functions ineffectively without its larger, subunit counterpart [3,4]. Although the crystal structure of OpLec has yet to ...
Lactate 2-monooxygenase
... internal monooxygenases o internal mixed-function oxidases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-lactate:oxygen 2- ... lactic oxygenase, lactate oxygenase, lactic oxidase, L-lactate monooxygenase, lactate monooxygenase, and L-lactate-2- ... oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O with incorporation of one atom of oxygen ( ...
Cypridina-luciferin 2-monooxygenase
... internal monooxygenases o internal mixed-function oxidases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is Cypridina-luciferin: ... oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O with incorporation of one atom of oxygen ( ...
Apo-beta-carotenoid-14',13'-dioxygenase
... internal monooxygenases o internal mixed-function oxidases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is 8'-apo-beta-carotenol: ... oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O with incorporation of one atom of oxygen ( ...
Camphor 1,2-monooxygenase
Conrad HE, Dubus R, Namtvedt MJ, Gunslaus IC (1965). "Mixed Function Oxidation. II. Separation and Properties of the Enzymes ... oxygenase, camphor 1,2-mono, and ketolactonase I. It employs one cofactor, iron. ... Trudgill PW, DuBus R, Gunsalus IC (1966). "Mixed function oxidation. VI. Purification of a tightly coupled electron transport ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)
... tryptophan oxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.562 - inositol oxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.708 - mixed function oxygenases MeSH ... heme oxygenase (decyclizing) MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.410.500 - heme oxygenase-1 MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.425 - 4- ...
Mixed-function oxidase
Mixed+Function+Oxygenases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Moskwa PS, Vadi H, and ... Mixed-function oxidase is the name of a family of oxidase enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which each of the two atoms of ... The mixed-function oxidase reaction proceeds as follows: AH + BH2 + O2 --> AOH + B + H2O (H2O as catalyst.) High levels of ... The name "mixed-function oxidase" indicates that the enzyme oxidizes two different substrate simultaneously. Desaturation of ...
Methacrylonitrile
It has been shown that treatment of mice with carbon tetrachloride, which acts on the mixed function oxygenase system, results ...
Oxygenase
... or mixed function oxidase, transfer one oxygen atom to the substrate, and reduce the other oxygen atom to water. Dioxygenases, ... The oxygenases form a class of oxidoreductases; their EC number is EC 1.13 or EC 1.14. Oxygenases were discovered in 1955 ... An oxygenase is any enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by transferring the oxygen from molecular oxygen O2 (as in air) to it. ... Hayaishi was awarded the 1986 Wolf Prize in Medicine "for the discovery of the oxygenase enzymes and elucidation of their ...
Cytochrome P450 reductase
... impact on plasma cholesterol homeostasis and the function and regulation of microsomal cytochrome P450 and heme oxygenase". The ... who dissected the P450-containing mixed function oxidase system into three constituent components: POR, cytochrome P450, and ... The reduction of cytochrome P450 is not the only physiological function of POR. The final step of heme oxidation by mammalian ... "Diversity and function of mutations in p450 oxidoreductase in patients with Antley-Bixler syndrome and disordered ...
Compensation point
In well-mixed water columns plankton are evenly distributed, but a net production only occurs above the compensation depth. ... Therefore, the partial pressure of CO2 at the compensation point, also known as gamma, is a function of irradiation. The ... However at low irradiation, only a small fraction of the sites on RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) have the electron ...
Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase
The function of this hydrophobic tunnel is unknown, though two hypotheses have been postulated concerning its utility. The ... Hayaishi O, Lardy H, Myrbäck K (1963). "Direct oxygenation by O2, oxygenases". In Boyer PD (ed.). The Enzymes. 8 (2nd ed.). New ... Each catalytic domain is composed of two stacked, mixed topology β sheets and several random coils. These sheets and coils ... Hayaishi S, Katagiri M, Rothberg S (1957). "Pioneering the Field of Oxygenases through the Study of Tryptophan Metabolism: the ...
Oxylipin
Both groups were given Vitamin C (ascorbyl palmitate) and Vitamin E (mixed tocopherol) supplements. Wasternack C (2007). " ... to modify adipocyte formation and function. Most oxylipins in the body are derived from linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid. ... heme-dependent fatty acid oxygenases (plants, fungi), and cyclooxygenases (animals). Fatty acid hydroperoxides or endoperoxides ...
Phosphoribulokinase
Its main function is to regenerate RuBP, which is the initial substrate and CO2-acceptor molecule of the Calvin Cycle. PRK ... In Rhodobacter sphaeroides, PRK (or RsPRK) exists as a homooctomer with protomers composed of seven-stranded mixed β-sheets, ... Along with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo), phosphoribulokinase is unique to the Calvin Cycle. ... Miziorko HM (2000). "Phosphoribulokinase: Current Perspectives on the Structure/Function Basis for Regulation and Catalysis". ...
Bacterial cell structure
In addition to these functions, prokaryotic membranes also function in energy conservation as the location about which a proton ... Deep lakes that experience winter mixing expose the cells to the hydrostatic pressure generated by the full water column. This ... especially ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, RuBisCO, and carbonic anhydrase). It is thought that the high local ... Fimbriae usually function to facilitate the attachment of a bacterium to a surface (e.g. to form a biofilm) or to other cells ( ...
Bradykinin receptor B2
Binding of an inhibitory peptide to the oxygenase domain blocks uncoupled NADPH oxidation". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (8): 5291-6. doi ... 1993). "Cloned murine bradykinin receptor exhibits a mixed B1 and B2 pharmacological selectivity". Mol. Pharmacol. 44 (2): 346- ... motif in the first extracellular loop with other human G-protein coupled receptors implications for HIV-1 coreceptor function ...
Murburn concept
ISBN 0-471-24244-6. Dawson, J. (22 April 1988). "Probing structure-function relations in heme-containing oxygenases and ... The inhibitors may work by mixed modalities, owing to affects on the protein, substrate or the diffusible species. The murzymes ... Manoj, Kelath Murali; Parashar, Abhinav; Gade, Sudeep K.; Venkatachalam, Avanthika (23 June 2016). "Functioning of Microsomal ... Venkatachalam, Avanthika; Parashar, Abhinav; Manoj, Kelath Murali (19 February 2016). "Functioning of drug-metabolizing ...
Bioinorganic chemistry
Oxidases and oxygenases are metal systems found throughout nature that take advantage of oxygen to carry out important ... As a mix of biochemistry and inorganic chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry is important in elucidating the implications of ... Cobalt is essential for the functioning of vitamin B12. Many other elements aside from metals are bio-active. Sulfur and ... Bioinorganic chemists seek to understand and replicate the function of these metalloproteins. Metal-containing electron ...
Hydrothermal vent microbial communities
Ammonium is the dominate species of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and can be produced by water mass mixing below hydrothermal ... The key enzyme is ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). RuBisCO has been identified in members of the ... due to high microbe density and anaerobic environment allows the function of nitrogenase, a nitrogen fixing enzyme. Evidence ... Hydrogen-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria may be abundant in vents where NO3−-containing bottom seawater mixes with ...
Sulfurimonas
However, as shown below, not all species can use each of the mentioned electron donors (Table 2). Sulfur Oxygenase Reductase ( ... This enriched layer moves down and mixes with underlying sediment. Oxygen that is taken from the water penetrates this ... The researchers found that Type VI SQR functioning in high sulfide environments, and hypothesized that S. 'denitrificans ... Janosch, Claudia (2015). "Sulfur Oxygenase Reductase (Sor) in the Moderately Thermoacidophilic Leaching Bacteria: Studies in ...
Opioid
Down-regulation of the opioid receptor is caused by endocytosis from the cell membrane that eliminates its function. Typically ... Sydenham's 1669 recipe for laudanum mixed opium with wine, saffron, clove and cinnamon. Sydenham's laudanum was used widely in ... It also decreases cyclo-oxygenase activity. It has recently been discovered that most or all of the therapeutic efficacy of ... Brennan MJ (March 2013). "The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function". The American Journal of Medicine. 126 (3 Suppl 1 ...
Carbon monoxide
CO functions as an endogenous signaling molecule, modulates functions of the cardiovascular system, inhibits blood platelet ... In biology, carbon monoxide is naturally produced by the action of heme oxygenase 1 and 2 on the heme from hemoglobin breakdown ... Mixed oxidation states. *Antimony tetroxide (Sb2O4). *Cobalt(II,III) oxide (Co3O4) ... In biology, carbon monoxide is naturally produced by the action of heme oxygenase 1 and 2 on the heme from hemoglobin breakdown ...
Analgesic
Mixed opioid agonist-antagonist.. IM, IV.. Volume of distribution = 9-12 L/kg; half-life = 2.2-2.7 hours.. Moderate-severe pain ... A cyclo-oxygenase-2 preferential nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 36 (2): 115-26. doi:10.2165/ ... It also functions as an analgesic to a lesser degree by increasing the activity of the primary inhibitory (signal reducing) ... Mixed opioid agonist-antagonist, partial agonist at mu-1 receptor; cholinergic actions exist.. IM, IV, PO.. Bioavailability = ...
Iron
... (III) oxide mixed with aluminium powder can be ignited to create a thermite reaction, used in welding large iron parts ( ... Kikuchi, G.; Yoshida, T.; Noguchi, M. (2005). "Heme oxygenase and heme degradation". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ... The attenuation of radiation as a function of energy is shown in the graph.[128] ... A typical six-coordinate anion is hexachloroferrate(III), [FeCl6]3−, found in the mixed salt tetrakis(methylammonium) ...
COX-2 inhibitor
The inhibition of COX-2 is paramount for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic function of the selective COX-2 inhibitor ... Chancellor JV, Hunsche E, de Cruz E, Sarasin FP (2001). "Economic evaluation of celecoxib, a new cyclo-oxygenase 2 specific ... Schönthal AH, Chen TC, Hofman FM, Louie SG, Petasis NA (Feb 2008). "Celecoxib analogs that lack COX-2 inhibitory function: ... After treatment with a COX-2 inhibitor, the restored p53 function allows DNA damaged neuroblastoma cells to commit suicide ...
Carbon suboxide
Clark A (1970). "The potential function for the CCC bending in carbon suboxide". Chem. Phys. Lett. 6 (5): 452-456. doi:10.1016/ ... during heme oxidation by heme oxygenase-1. It can also be formed from malonic acid. It has been shown that carbon suboxide in ... Mixed oxidation states. *Antimony tetroxide (Sb2O4). *Cobalt(II,III) oxide (Co3O4) ...
Carbon monoxide
CO functions as an endogenous signaling molecule, modulates functions of the cardiovascular system, inhibits blood platelet ... Kinetic studies of propane oxidation on Mo and V based mixed oxide catalysts (PDF). 2011.. ... In biology, carbon monoxide is naturally produced by the action of heme oxygenase 1 and 2 on the heme from hemoglobin breakdown ... In biology, carbon monoxide is naturally produced by the action of heme oxygenase 1 and 2 on the heme from hemoglobin breakdown ...
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
"Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on postoperative renal function in adults with normal renal function". Cochrane ... The use of NSAIDS for analgesia following gastrointestinal surgery remains controversial, given mixed evidence of an increased ... "Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of ... This helps maintain normal glomerular perfusion and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), an indicator of kidney function. This is ...
Platelet
The PFA-100 (Platelet Function Assay-100) is a system for analysing platelet function in which citrated whole blood is ... In the Multiplate analyzer, anticoagulated whole blood is mixed with saline and a platelet agonist in a single use cuvette with ... cyclo-oxygenase 1, and thromboxane-A synthase. Platelets secrete thromboxane A2, which acts on the platelet's own thromboxane ... Tests of function[edit]. Bleeding time[edit]. Developed by Duke in 1910 and bearing his name, it measured the time for bleeding ...
Iron
Many mixed valence compounds contain both iron(II) and iron(III) centers, such as magnetite and Prussian blue (Fe 4(Fe[CN] 6) 3 ... The attenuation of radiation as a function of energy is shown in the graph. The main disadvantage of iron and steel is that ... ISBN 0-935702-73-3. Kikuchi, G.; Yoshida, T.; Noguchi, M. (2005). "Heme oxygenase and heme degradation". Biochemical and ... Iron(III) oxide mixed with aluminium powder can be ignited to create a thermite reaction, used in welding large iron parts ( ...
Riftia pachyptila
ISSN 0967-0637.[permanent dead link] Monaco A, Prouzet P (2015-10-02). Marine Ecosystems: Diversity and Functions. John Wiley ... 5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from the bacterial symbiont of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila". Journal ... which inhabits extreme environments and is adapted to the particular composition of the mixed volcanic and sea waters. This ... "Evolution of the sulfide-binding function within the globin multigenic family of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia ...
Utetheisa ornatrix
The bella moth is able to detoxify PAs due to the possession of the gene pyrrolizidine-alkaloid-N-oxygenase. It has been ... Although most female moths mate multiply, very low instances of mixed paternities occur. In fact, most progeny in a single ... Lamunyon, Craig (1997). "Increased Fecundity, as a Function of Multiple Mating, in an Arctiid Moth, Utetheisa Ornatrix". ...
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
"Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on postoperative renal function in adults with normal renal function". The ... Kearney PM, Baigent C, Godwin J, Halls H, Emberson JR, Patrono C (June 2006). "Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and ... Their use following gastrointestinal surgery remains controversial, given mixed evidence of increased risk of leakage from any ... NSAIDs coordinate with metal ions affecting cellular function. Research supports the use of NSAIDs for the control of pain ...
Trichothecene
While Type D trichothecenes are thought to be the most toxic, Types A and B have relatively mixed toxicity. The classification ... Trichothecenes also have the ability to affect general cellular enzyme function due to the tendency of active site thiol groups ... McCormick SP, Alexander NJ, Proctor RH (July 2006). "Fusarium Tri4 encodes a multifunctional oxygenase required for ... During intitiation, trichothecenes can either inhibit the association of the two ribosomal subunits, or inhibit the function of ...
Mixed Function Oxygenases
- Monooxygenases
Summary Report | CureHunter
Mixed Function Oxygenases: Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the ... Mixed Function Oxygenases (Monooxygenases). Subscribe to New Research on Mixed Function Oxygenases ... Oxygenases: 89*Mixed Function Oxygenases: 449*Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases: 5248. *Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System: 3623 ... required in the mixed-function oxidation.. Also Known As: Monooxygenases; Mixed Function Oxidases; Hydroxylases; Oxidases, ...
Mixed-Function Oxygenases, Oxidative Stress, and Chromosomal Damage Measured in Lesser Scaup Wintering on the Indiana Harbor...
Effects of β-adrenoceptor antagonists on the hepatic mixed-function oxygenases in the rat - Surrey Research Insight Open Access
Mixed function oxygenases in cultured fish cells : contributions of in vitro studies to the understanding of MFO induction
... function_oxygenases_in_cultured_fish_cells.pdf"/, ,dcterms:title,Mixed function oxygenases in cultured fish cells : ... Mixed function oxygenases in cultured fish cells : contributions of in vitro studies to the understanding of MFO induction. * ... Mixed function oxygenases in cultured fish cells : contributions of in vitro studies to the understanding of MFO induction. ... Mixed function oxygenases in cultured fish cells : contributions of in vitro studies to the understanding of MFO induction. In ...
TNO Repository search for: subject:'Oxygenase'
Mixed Function Oxygenases · Molecular Sequence Data · Nitrates · Nitrites · Nitrogen · Oxidoreductases · Oxygen · Phylogeny · ... oxygenase, 9037-29-0, 9046-59-7; para coumaric acid, 7400-08-0; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, 9035-51-2; Mixed Function ... Mixed Function Oxygenases · Molecular Sequence Data · NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases · NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase · ... Mixed Function Oxygenases · Models, Biological · Saccharomyces cerevisiae · Trans-Cinnamate 4-Monooxygenase · Saccharomyces ...
Non-homologous functions of the AlkB homologs
Mixed Function Oxygenases / chemistry* * Mixed Function Oxygenases / classification * Mixed Function Oxygenases / metabolism ... Non-homologous functions of the AlkB homologs J Mol Cell Biol. 2015 Dec;7(6):494-504. doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv029. Epub 2015 May ... The other mammalian homologs have remarkably diverse substrate specificities and biological functions. Substrates recognized by ...
Metagenomics reveals sediment microbial community response to Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Metabolic enzymes and mixed-function oxygenase (MFO) system in pink snapper (Pagrus auratus): biochemical and histological...
Expression of novel rice gibberellin 2-oxidase gene is under homeostatic regulation by biologically active gibberellins
Differential expression of two flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase cDNAs involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments and 3...
CYP2C19 | Cancer Genetics Web
Mixed Function Oxygenases. *Tandem Mass Spectrometry. *Cyclophosphamide. *Antineoplastic Agents. *Polymorphism. *Cytochrome P- ... CDH19 encodes a cadherin functioning as a cell-cell adhesion receptor and CYP2C19 a CYP450 enzyme with a major function in ... We identify loss-of-function somatic mutations in 15 (18%) of 84 treatment-naïve oral cancer patients by whole-exome sequencing ... DDA are demonstrated to be neither substrates nor inhibitors of BCRP or P-gp function. In summary, o,p-DDD and o,p-DDE might ...
Induction of cytochrome(s) P450-dependent drug metabolism in cultured MH1C1 hepatoma cells.
MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1
Metal-free Photocatalysts for the C-H Bond Oxygenation Reactions Using Oxygen as the Oxidant.
MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1
Appendix E: Glossary | Breast Cancer and the Environment: A Life Course Approach | The National Academies Press
Fatty Acid Desaturases | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Technical Japanese Translation 05
mixed function oxygenase. suiso-kin. Hydrogenomonas. suirinyō. water diuresis. suishōtai wo tsutsumu kekkanmaku no izan. ... Does it have Find and Global functions and are they easy to use? (Find is used to find a word, and Global is used to find a ... The keyboard has only 30 keys for inputting text plus about 40 shift and function keys. The keyboard is divided up into two ... such as Find and Copy functions, but documents can be saved by recording them on an ordinary cassette recorder for future ...
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase
- Phenylalanine 4 Monooxygenase
Summary Report | CureHunter
Biomarkers of Environmental Exposure and Multivariate Approaches for Assessment and Monitoring | SpringerLink
1989). Use of mixed-function oxygenases to monitor contaminant exposure in wildlife. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 8 ... 1987). Review and perspective on the use of mixed-function oxygenase enzymes in biological monitoring. Comparative Biochemistry ... Stegeman, J. J. (1978). Influence of environmental contamination on cytochrome P-450 mixed-function oxygenases in fish: ... 1985). Enlarged livers and hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase components in tumor-bearing brown bullheads from a ...
Environmental Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper | Taylor & Francis Group
Mixed Function Oxygenase Induction by Pulp Mill Effluents: Advances Since 1991 WithPeter V. Hodson ... Effluents from Canadian Pulp and Paper Mills: A Recent Investigation of Their Potential to Induce Mixed Function Oxygenase ... Examination of Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent Fractions for Potential Inducers of Mixed Function Oxygenase Activity in Rainbow ... Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Mixed Function Oxygenase Responses Caused by Unbleached and Bleached Pulp Mill Effluents: A ...
Transition metal oxo complex - Wikipedia
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
EC 1.13.11
EC 1.13.12 With incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxygenases or internal mixed function oxidases). EC 1.13.99 ... Other name(s): 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase; 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxygenase; 3-hydroxyanthranilic oxygenase; 3- ... and Pandelia, M.E. Organophosphonate-degrading PhnZ reveals an emerging family of HD domain mixed-valent diiron oxygenases. ... Other name(s): SOR; sulfur oxygenase; sulfur oxygenase reductase. Systematic name: sulfur:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydrogen- ...
Bioluminescence - Wikipedia
It suggests that the original purpose of luciferases was as mixed-function oxygenases. As the early ancestors of many species ... Bioluminescence has several functions in different taxa. Steven Haddock et al. (2010) list as more or less definite functions ... The following functions are reasonably well established in the named organisms. In many animals of the deep sea, including ... They do not have the same function as the normal suckers because they no longer have any handling or grappling ability due its ...
Search | IOVS | ARVO Journals
TAGS: cholesterol, genes, hydroxycholesterols, mixed function oxygenases, open-angle glaucoma, plasma, polymorphism Invest. ... New Insights On Müller Cells Function And Cholesterol Homeostasis In The Retina ... Inhibition By Voriconazole On Cholesterol Homeostasis And Function In The Rat Retina ...
SYLLABUS 23: Metabolism of Heme Flashcards by Allison Vise | Brainscape
Mitochondrial β-Carotene 9′,10′ Oxygenase Modulates Prostate Cancer Growth via NF-κB Inhibition: A Lycopene-Independent...
Are the health attributes of lycopene related to its antioxidant function? Arch Biochem Biophys 2009;483:229-35. ... Lysophosphatidylcholine enhances carotenoid uptake from mixed micelles by Caco-2 human intestinal cells. J Nutr 2001;131:2921-7 ... Cell type-specific expression of beta-carotene 15,15′-mono-oxygenase in human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 2004;52:491-9. ... Lycopene extraction was performed by vigorous mixing with 1.5 mL dichloromethane/methanol (1:2, v/v) followed by 2 mL hexane. ...
Heme oxygenase9
- 1990). Profile of metal-binding proteins and heme oxygenase in red carp treated with heavy metals, pesticides and surfactants. (springer.com)
- NO is known to induce expression of heme oxygenase-1, an antioxidant enzyme in blood vessels. (ahajournals.org)
- We tested whether NO might modulate the endothelial NADPH oxidase function via heme oxygenase-1. (ahajournals.org)
- In human microvascular endothelial cells, the NO donor DETA-NONOate (0.1 to 1 mmol/L) strongly induced expression of heme oxygenase-1 but not Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. (ahajournals.org)
- This was associated with a reduction of the superoxide-generating capacity of NADPH oxidase, an effect that depended on de novo gene transcription and heme oxygenase-1 activity. (ahajournals.org)
- Moreover, the heme oxygenase-1 end product bilirubin directly inhibited fully functional NADPH oxidase and seemed to interrupt the assembly and activation of the oxidase. (ahajournals.org)
- In conclusion, NO may modulate superoxide production by NADPH oxidase in human vascular endothelial cells, at least partly by inducing heme oxygenase-1. (ahajournals.org)
- Our results indicate that suppression of NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species formation may represent a novel mechanism underlying the cardiovascular protective actions of heme oxygenase-1 and bilirubin. (ahajournals.org)
- 9 In addition, previous studies have revealed that exposure of ECs to exogenous NO induces Nrf2-dependent expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), 10 the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation. (ahajournals.org)
Metabolism4
- The enzyme β-carotene 9′,10′-oxygenase (BCO2), which catalyzes asymmetric cleavage of several carotenoids, is the principal regulator of lycopene metabolism, but the range of BCO2 biological functions is incompletely understood. (aacrjournals.org)
- Moreover, these findings describe previously unanticipated functions of BCO2 that are independent of its enzymatic role in lycopene metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
- Most other toxic effects of absorbed carbon tetrachloride are related to its metabolism by mixed function cytochrome P-450 oxygenases (in humans, primarily CYP2E1, but also CYP3A). (cdc.gov)
- Other drugs accelerate the metabolism of cortisol and most synthetic glucocorticoids by inducing hepatic mixed-function oxygenase enzymes (e.g., phenytoin, barbiturates, and rifampin). (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Cytochrome7
- This thesis presents data on the responsiveness of pink snapper to the contaminants of concern, using biomarkers such as serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), mixed function oxygenase (MFO), metabolic enzymes such as citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the histological alteration such as hepatic cell lesions (hyperplasia and hypertrophy), and glycogen and lipid droplets. (edu.au)
- Estabrook RW, Hildebrandt AG, Baron J, Netter KJ, Leibman K (1971) A new spectral intermediate associated with cytochrome P450 function in liver microsomes. (springer.com)
- Disulfiram (DSM) inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, dopamine-beta-oxygenase, microsomal mixed-function oxidases and cytochrome P-450 enzymes. (worldwidescience.org)
- The function of this unique cytochrome (called P450) was initially revealed in 1963 in studies by Estabrook, Cooper, and Rosenthal 7 using microsomes from the adrenal cortex for the catalysis of the hydroxylation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone to deoxycorticosterone. (issx.org)
- This involved the analysis of mixed function oxygenase (MFO) system such as: total cytochrome P450 content, NAD(P)H cytochrome c reductases and the associated CYP1A1, EROD activity. (csic.es)
- The cytochrome P45011B1 mRNA expression in distinct cells, probably nerve cells, and especially in regions with high densities of glucocorticoid receptors points to a possible function of brain derived corticosterone in receptor activation. (elsevier.com)
- Hepatic microsomal cytochrome-P-450 mixed function oxygenase system catalyzes conversion of methylene - chloride to carbon-monoxide and chloride and a second metabolic pathway yields formaldehyde (50000) and inorganic halide. (cdc.gov)
Genes1
- and multiple SOD genes that are specific in their subcellular location and function. (biologists.org)
Liver2
- The process of oxidation takes place in the presence of mixed function oxidases and mono-oxygenases in the liver. (wikidoc.org)
- The children with cystic fibrosis all had normal liver function tests and relatively normal respiratory function (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 )/ predicted FEV 1 ) as shown in table 1 . (bmj.com)
Oxidases1
- This class of Oxygenases had requirements for both an oxidant (molecular Oxygen) and a reductant (Reduced NADP) and hence was given the trivial name "mixed-function oxidases. (issx.org)
Microsomal2
- 1985). Enlarged livers and hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase components in tumor-bearing brown bullheads from a chemically contaminated river. (springer.com)
- The hepatic microsomal haem oxygenase activity of rats treated with CoCl2 was studied kinetically by measuring biliverdin, the immediate product of the reaction. (meta.org)
Cytochromes1
- Then the in vivo and in vitro arguments in favor of the physiological antioxidant function of intracerebral bilirubin are presented, as well as the potential role of transporters such as ABCC1 and metabolizing enzymes such as cytochromes P-450 in setting the cerebral cell- and structure-specific toxicity of bilirubin following hyperbilirubinemia. (frontiersin.org)
Inhibition2
Bilirubin1
- This article reviews the emerging in vivo and in vitro data showing that transport and metabolic detoxification mechanisms at the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers may modulate bilirubin flux across both cellular interfaces, and that these protective functions can be affected in chronic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. (frontiersin.org)
Catalysis1
- Key secondary-structure elements important for catalysis, such as the βαβ fold, β-sheet wall and α12 helix, are conserved across this expanded class of oxygenases. (northwestern.edu)
NADPH2
- 4-6 Increased NADPH oxidase activation is associated with conditions such as endothelial dysfunction, intimal hyperplasia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension 7 and has been linked to impairment of endothelial NO function in patients with coronary artery disease. (ahajournals.org)
- values were obtained for both the NADH- and NADPH-dependent haem oxygenase reactions. (meta.org)
Mice1
- Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A, E, and S Induces Transgenerational Effects on Female Reproductive Functions in Mice. (harvard.edu)
Oxidation3
- There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation. (curehunter.com)
- The enzyme can catalyze oxidation of NADH in the presence of free flavin, indicating that it can function as a flavin reductase in luminous bacteria. (asm.org)
- 2-Oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent oxygenases are ubiquitous iron enzymes that couple substrate oxidation to the conversion of 2OG to succinate and carbon dioxide. (nih.gov)
Gene1
- Genetic screening is a critical tool that can be employed to define and understand gene function and interaction. (meta.org)
Oxygen2
- They function by a mechanism that is linked directly to reduction of molecular OXYGEN. (harvard.edu)
- Nitric oxide is crucial for maintaining normal vascular function, and inactivation of NO by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is implicated in several cardiovascular diseases. (ahajournals.org)
Plant1
- Commercial applications of 2OG oxygenase inhibitors began with plant growth retardants, and now extend to a clinically used pharmaceutical compound for cardioprotection. (nih.gov)
Primarily1
- Although GR activation may contribute to POR mRNA induction, regulation of POR expression and function by DEX is primarily PXR-mediated. (aspetjournals.org)
Therapeutic1
- Several 2OG oxygenases are now being targeted for therapeutic intervention for diseases including anaemia, inflammation and cancer. (nih.gov)
Metabolic1
- The first step in the metabolic pathway is the formation of epoxybutene, catalysed by mixed function oxygenases. (europa.eu)
Abstract1
- abstract = "The abundant production of testicular estrogens and the presence of both ESR1 and ESR2 within boar testes are consistent with a role for estrogen in testicular development and/or function in this species. (elsevier.com)
Glucocorticoids1
- Hence, our recent focus is adrenal glucocorticoids as regulators of the expression and function of AHR as well as AHR response pathway components like ARNT and POR. (aspetjournals.org)
Vitro1
- Measurement of enzyme activity in vitro revealed significantly reduced enzymatic function of FA2H associated with these mutations. (ucl.ac.uk)
Substrate1
- The other mammalian homologs have remarkably diverse substrate specificities and biological functions. (nih.gov)
Deficiency2
- This work suggests that the hepatic expression and function of ARNT and POR may be modulated by exposure to exogenous PXR activators and/or conditions that alter glucocorticoid levels such as stress, steroidal therapies, and diseases of excess or deficiency. (aspetjournals.org)
- Although there is strong observational data connecting vitamin D deficiency with incident diabetes, trials of supplementation have yielded mixed results. (acc.org)
Studies1
- We focused on the key group of studies conducted by Phillip Morris in a coordinated effort known as "Project MIX. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)