Microscopy immunoelectron. Medical search

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a probe systematically rides across the surface of a sample being scanned in a raster pattern. The vertical position is recorded as a spring attached to the probe rises and falls in response to peaks and valleys on the surface. These deflections produce a topographic map of the sample.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

Fluorescence microscopy utilizing multiple low-energy photons to produce the excitation event of the fluorophore. Multiphoton microscopes have a simplified optical path in the emission side due to the lack of an emission pinhole, which is necessary with normal confocal microscopes. Ultimately this allows spatial isolation of the excitation event, enabling deeper imaging into optically thick tissue, while restricting photobleaching and phototoxicity to the area being imaged.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Electron microscopy involving rapid freezing of the samples. The imaging of frozen-hydrated molecules and organelles permits the best possible resolution closest to the living state, free of chemical fixatives or stains.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a very sharp conducting needle is swept just a few angstroms above the surface of a sample. The tiny tunneling current that flows between the sample and the needle tip is measured, and from this are produced three-dimensional topographs. Due to the poor electron conductivity of most biological samples, thin metal coatings are deposited on the sample.

A partitioning within cells due to the selectively permeable membranes which enclose each of the separate parts, e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, etc.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.

A giant elastic protein of molecular mass ranging from 2,993 kDa (cardiac), 3,300 kDa (psoas), to 3,700 kDa (soleus) having a kinase domain. The amino- terminal is involved in a Z line binding, and the carboxy-terminal region is bound to the myosin filament with an overlap between the counter-connectin filaments at the M line.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

The science and application of a double-beam transmission interference microscope in which the illuminating light beam is split into two paths. One beam passes through the specimen while the other beam reflects off a reference mirror before joining and interfering with the other. The observed optical path difference between the two beams can be measured and used to discriminate minute differences in thickness and refraction of non-stained transparent specimens, such as living cells in culture.

Microscopy using polarized light in which phenomena due to the preferential orientation of optical properties with respect to the vibration plane of the polarized light are made visible and correlated parameters are made measurable.

Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Specific particles of membrane-bound organized living substances present in eukaryotic cells, such as the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

A form of interference microscopy in which variations of the refracting index in the object are converted into variations of intensity in the image. This is achieved by the action of a phase plate.

A type of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY in which the object is examined directly by an extremely narrow electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point and using the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen to create the image. It should not be confused with SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The membrane system of the CELL NUCLEUS that surrounds the nucleoplasm. It consists of two concentric membranes separated by the perinuclear space. The structures of the envelope where it opens to the cytoplasm are called the nuclear pores (NUCLEAR PORE).

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A suspension of metallic gold particles.

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Scanning microscopy in which a very sharp probe is employed in close proximity to a surface, exploiting a particular surface-related property. When this property is local topography, the method is atomic force microscopy (MICROSCOPY, ATOMIC FORCE), and when it is local conductivity, the method is scanning tunneling microscopy (MICROSCOPY, SCANNING TUNNELING).

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

The technique of using a cryostat or freezing microtome, in which the temperature is regulated to -20 degrees Celsius, to cut ultrathin frozen sections for microscopic (usually, electron microscopic) examination.

A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.

A replica technique in which cells are frozen to a very low temperature and cracked with a knife blade to expose the interior surfaces of the cells or cell membranes. The cracked cell surfaces are then freeze-dried to expose their constituents. The surfaces are now ready for shadowing to be viewed using an electron microscope. This method differs from freeze-fracturing in that no cryoprotectant is used and, thus, allows for the sublimation of water during the freeze-drying process to etch the surfaces.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Techniques to partition various components of the cell into SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS.

Cytoplasmic filaments intermediate in diameter (about 10 nanometers) between the microfilaments and the microtubules. They may be composed of any of a number of different proteins and form a ring around the cell nucleus.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The technique of using a microtome to cut thin or ultrathin sections of tissues embedded in a supporting substance. The microtome is an instrument that hold a steel, glass or diamond knife in clamps at an angle to the blocks of prepared tissues, which it cuts in sections of equal thickness.

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A modification of the freeze-drying method in which the ice within the frozen tissue is replaced by alcohol or other solvent at a very low temperature.

A type of junction that attaches one cell to its neighbor. One of a number of differentiated regions which occur, for example, where the cytoplasmic membranes of adjacent epithelial cells are closely apposed. It consists of a circular region of each membrane together with associated intracellular microfilaments and an intercellular material which may include, for example, mucopolysaccharides. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

Direct contact of a cell with a neighboring cell. Most such junctions are too small to be resolved by light microscopy, but they can be visualized by conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, both of which show that the interacting CELL MEMBRANE and often the underlying CYTOPLASM and the intervening EXTRACELLULAR SPACE are highly specialized in these regions. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p792)

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

The technique of placing cells or tissue in a supporting medium so that thin sections can be cut using a microtome. The medium can be paraffin wax (PARAFFIN EMBEDDING) or plastics (PLASTIC EMBEDDING) such as epoxy resins.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

An area showing altered staining behavior in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a virus-infected cell. Some inclusion bodies represent "virus factories" in which viral nucleic acid or protein is being synthesized; others are merely artifacts of fixation and staining. One example, Negri bodies, are found in the cytoplasm or processes of nerve cells in animals that have died from rabies.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Minute projections of cell membranes which greatly increase the surface area of the cell.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Aquaporin 6 is an aquaglyceroporin that is found primarily in KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS. AQP6 protein functions as an anion-selective channel.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

A class of morphologically heterogeneous cytoplasmic particles in animal and plant tissues characterized by their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the structure-linked latency of these enzymes. The intracellular functions of lysosomes depend on their lytic potential. The single unit membrane of the lysosome acts as a barrier between the enzymes enclosed in the lysosome and the external substrate. The activity of the enzymes contained in lysosomes is limited or nil unless the vesicle in which they are enclosed is ruptured. Such rupture is supposed to be under metabolic (hormonal) control. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.

A scientific tool based on ULTRASONOGRAPHY and used not only for the observation of microstructure in metalwork but also in living tissue. In biomedical application, the acoustic propagation speed in normal and abnormal tissues can be quantified to distinguish their tissue elasticity and other properties.

Vesicles derived from the GOLGI APPARATUS containing material to be released at the cell surface.

A protein factor that regulates the length of R-actin. It is chemically similar, but immunochemically distinguishable from actin.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Cytoplasmic vesicles formed when COATED VESICLES shed their CLATHRIN coat. Endosomes internalize macromolecules bound by receptors on the cell surface.

One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES.

Thin, hairlike appendages, 1 to 20 microns in length and often occurring in large numbers, present on the cells of gram-negative bacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria. Unlike flagella, they do not possess motility, but being protein (pilin) in nature, they possess antigenic and hemagglutinating properties. They are of medical importance because some fimbriae mediate the attachment of bacteria to cells via adhesins (ADHESINS, BACTERIAL). Bacterial fimbriae refer to common pili, to be distinguished from the preferred use of "pili", which is confined to sex pili (PILI, SEX).

(T-4)-Osmium oxide (OsO4). A highly toxic and volatile oxide of osmium used in industry as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as a histological fixative and stain and as a synovectomy agent in arthritic joints. Its vapor can cause eye, skin, and lung damage.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.

A family of nonbiting midges, in the order DIPTERA. Salivary glands of the genus Chironomus are used in studies of cellular genetics and biochemistry.

A layer of the cornea. It is the basal lamina of the CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM (from which it is secreted) separating it from the CORNEAL STROMA. It is a homogeneous structure composed of fine collagenous filaments, and slowly increases in thickness with age.

An intermediate filament protein found predominantly in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. Localized at the Z line. MW 50,000 to 55,000 is species dependent.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

Agents employed in the preparation of histologic or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all of the constituent elements. Great numbers of different agents are used; some are also decalcifying and hardening agents. They must quickly kill and coagulate living tissue.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Thinly cut sections of frozen tissue specimens prepared with a cryostat or freezing microtome.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

Specialized regions of the cell membrane composed of pits coated with a bristle covering made of the protein CLATHRIN. These pits are the entry route for macromolecules bound by cell surface receptors. The pits are then internalized into the cytoplasm to form the COATED VESICLES.

Electron-dense cytoplasmic particles bounded by a single membrane, such as PEROXISOMES; GLYOXYSOMES; and glycosomes.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Membrane-limited structures derived from the plasma membrane or various intracellular membranes which function in storage, transport or metabolism.

A generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (e.g., lead or viruses) or metabolically inactive materials (e.g., ceroid or MALLORY BODIES), within the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell. Inclusion bodies are in cells infected with certain filtrable viruses, observed especially in nerve, epithelial, or endothelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM; CILIA; and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE; VINCRISTINE; and VINBLASTINE.

Filaments 7-11 nm in diameter found in the cytoplasm of all cells. Many specific proteins belong to this group, e.g., desmin, vimentin, prekeratin, decamin, skeletin, neurofilin, neurofilament protein, and glial fibrillary acid protein.

A representation, generally small in scale, to show the structure, construction, or appearance of something. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

An organization of cells into an organ-like structure. Organoids can be generated in culture. They are also found in certain neoplasms.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

An intermediate filament protein found in most differentiating cells, in cells grown in tissue culture, and in certain fully differentiated cells. Its insolubility suggests that it serves a structural function in the cytoplasm. MW 52,000.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The main structural coat protein of COATED VESICLES which play a key role in the intracellular transport between membranous organelles. Each molecule of clathrin consists of three light chains (CLATHRIN LIGHT CHAINS) and three heavy chains (CLATHRIN HEAVY CHAINS) that form a structure called a triskelion. Clathrin also interacts with cytoskeletal proteins.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A type of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where polyribosomes are present on the cytoplasmic surfaces of the ER membranes. This form of ER is prominent in cells specialized for protein secretion and its principal function is to segregate proteins destined for export or intracellular utilization.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.

A genus of the family CORONAVIRIDAE characterized by enveloped, peplomer-bearing particles containing an elongated tubular nucleocapsid with helical symmetry. Toroviruses have been found in association with enteric infections in horses (Berne virus), cattle (Breda virus), swine, and humans. Transmission probably takes place via the fecal-oral route.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.

Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments.

A fungal metabolite which is a macrocyclic lactone exhibiting a wide range of antibiotic activity.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Proteins that form the structure of the NUCLEAR PORE. They are involved in active, facilitated and passive transport of molecules in and out of the CELL NUCLEUS.

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

The main structural proteins of CAVEOLAE. Several distinct genes for caveolins have been identified.

Within most types of eukaryotic CELL NUCLEUS, a distinct region, not delimited by a membrane, in which some species of rRNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) are synthesized and assembled into ribonucleoprotein subunits of ribosomes. In the nucleolus rRNA is transcribed from a nucleolar organizer, i.e., a group of tandemly repeated chromosomal genes which encode rRNA and which are transcribed by RNA polymerase I. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Vesicles that are involved in shuttling cargo from the interior of the cell to the cell surface, from the cell surface to the interior, across the cell or around the cell to various locations.

Monomeric subunits of primarily globular ACTIN and found in the cytoplasmic matrix of almost all cells. They are often associated with microtubules and may play a role in cytoskeletal function and/or mediate movement of the cell or the organelles within the cell.

The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A whiplike motility appendage present on the surface cells. Prokaryote flagella are composed of a protein called FLAGELLIN. Bacteria can have a single flagellum, a tuft at one pole, or multiple flagella covering the entire surface. In eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella have the same basic structure as CILIA but are longer in proportion to the cell bearing them and present in much smaller numbers. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Two-phase systems in which one is uniformly dispersed in another as particles small enough so they cannot be filtered or will not settle out. The dispersing or continuous phase or medium envelops the particles of the discontinuous phase. All three states of matter can form colloids among each other.

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Self-replicating, short, fibrous, rod-shaped organelles. Each centriole is a short cylinder containing nine pairs of peripheral microtubules, arranged so as to form the wall of the cylinder.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

A tyrosine phosphoprotein that plays an essential role in CAVEOLAE formation. It binds CHOLESTEROL and is involved in LIPIDS transport, membrane traffic, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other NEURONS.

Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.

The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.

Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the CELL MEMBRANE.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.

A cytoskeletal protein associated with cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The amino acid sequence of human vinculin has been determined. The protein consists of 1066 amino acid residues and its gene has been assigned to chromosome 10.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

Tyrosine phosphorylation is required for actin-based motility of vaccinia but not Listeria or Shigella. (1/4283)

Studies of the actin-based motility of pathogens have provided important insights into the events occurring at the leading edge of motile cells [1] [2] [3]. To date, several actin-cytoskeleton-associated proteins have been implicated in the motility of Listeria or Shigella: vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), vinculin and the actin-related protein complex of Arp2 and Arp3 [4] [5] [6] [7]. To further investigate the underlying mechanism of actin-tail assembly, we examined the localization of components of the actin cytoskeleton including Arp3, VASP, vinculin and zyxin during vaccinia, Listeria and Shigella infections. The most striking difference between the systems was that a phosphotyrosine signal was observed only at the site of vaccinia actin-tail assembly. Micro-injection experiments demonstrated that a phosphotyrosine protein plays an important role in vaccinia actin-tail formation. In addition, we observed a phosphotyrosine signal on clathrin-coated vesicles that have associated actin-tail-like structures and on endogenous vesicles in Xenopus egg extracts which are able to nucleate actin tails [8] [9]. Our observations indicate that a host phosphotyrosine protein is required for the nucleation of actin filaments by vaccinia and suggest that this phosphoprotein might be associated with cellular membranes that can nucleate actin. (+info)

The exocyst is an effector for Sec4p, targeting secretory vesicles to sites of exocytosis. (2/4283)

Polarized secretion requires proper targeting of secretory vesicles to specific sites on the plasma membrane. Here we report that the exocyst complex plays a key role in vesicle targeting. Sec15p, an exocyst component, can associate with secretory vesicles and interact specifically with the rab GTPase, Sec4p, in its GTP-bound form. A chain of protein-protein interactions leads from Sec4p and Sec15p on the vesicle, through various subunits of the exocyst, to Sec3p, which marks the sites of exocytosis on the plasma membrane. Sec4p may control the assembly of the exocyst. The exocyst may therefore function as a rab effector system for targeted secretion. (+info)

Cellular sites for dynorphin activation of kappa-opioid receptors in the rat nucleus accumbens shell. (3/4283)

The nucleus accumbens (Acb) is prominently involved in the aversive behavioral aspects of kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonists, including its endogenous ligand dynorphin (Dyn). We examined the ultrastructural immunoperoxidase localization of KOR and immunogold labeling of Dyn to determine the major cellular sites for KOR activation in this region. Of 851 KOR-labeled structures sampled from a total area of 10,457 microm2, 63% were small axons and morphologically heterogenous axon terminals, 31% of which apposed Dyn-labeled terminals or also contained Dyn. Sixty-eight percent of the KOR-containing axon terminals formed punctate-symmetric or appositional contacts with unlabeled dendrites and spines, many of which received convergent input from terminals that formed asymmetric synapses. Excitatory-type terminals that formed asymmetric synapses with dendritic spines comprised 21% of the KOR-immunoreactive profiles. Dendritic spines within the neuropil were the major nonaxonal structures that contained KOR immunoreactivity. These spines also received excitatory-type synapses from unlabeled terminals and were apposed by Dyn-containing terminals. These results provide ultrastructural evidence that in the Acb shell (AcbSh), KOR agonists play a primary role in regulating the presynaptic release of Dyn and other neuromodulators that influence the output of spiny neurons via changes in the presynaptic release of or the postsynaptic responses to excitatory amino acids. The cellular distribution of KOR complements those described previously for the reward-associated mu- and delta-opioid receptors in the Acb shell. (+info)

Functional activities and epitope specificity of human and murine antibodies against the class 4 outer membrane protein (Rmp) of Neisseria meningitidis. (4/4283)

Antibodies against the class 4 outer membrane protein (OMP) from Neisseria meningitidis have been purified from sera from vaccinees immunized with the Norwegian meningococcal group B outer membrane vesicle vaccine. The human sera and purified antibodies reacted strongly with the class 4 OMP in immunoblots, whereas experiments with whole bacteria showed only weak reactions, indicating that the antibodies mainly reacted with parts of the class 4 molecule that were not exposed. The purified human anti-class 4 OMP antibodies and the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were neither bactericidal nor opsonic against live meningococci. Three new MAbs against the class 4 OMP were generated and compared with other, previously described MAbs. Three linear epitopes in different regions of the class 4 OMP were identified by the reaction of MAbs with synthetic peptides. The MAbs showed no blocking effect on bactericidal activity of MAbs against other OMPs. However, one of the eight purified human anti-class 4 OMP antibody preparations, selected from immunoblot reactions among sera from 27 vaccinees, inhibited at high concentrations the bactericidal effect of a MAb against the class 1 OMP. However, these antibodies were not vaccine induced, as they were present also before vaccination. Therefore, this study gave no evidence that vaccination with a meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine containing the class 4 OMP induces blocking antibodies. Our data indicated that the structure of class 4 OMP does not correspond to standard beta-barrel structures of integral OMPs and that no substantial portion of the OmpA-like C-terminal region of this protein is located at the surface of the outer membrane. (+info)

Association of the aggrecan keratan sulfate-rich region with collagen in bovine articular cartilage. (5/4283)

Aggrecan, the predominant large proteoglycan of cartilage, is a multidomain macromolecule with each domain contributing specific functional properties. One of the domains contains the majority of the keratan sulfate (KS) chain substituents and a protein segment with a proline-rich hexapeptide repeat sequence. The function of this domain is unknown but the primary structure suggests a potential for binding to collagen fibrils. We have examined binding of aggrecan fragments encompassing the KS-rich region in a solid-phase assay. A moderate affinity (apparent Kd = 1.1 microM) for isolated collagen II, as well as collagen I, was demonstrated. Enzymatic digestion of the KS chains did not alter the capacity of the peptide to bind to collagen, whereas cleavage of the protein core abolished the interaction. The distribution of the aggrecan KS-rich region in bovine tarsometatarsal joint cartilage was investigated using immunoelectron microscopy. Immunoreactivity was relatively low in the superficial zone and higher in the intermediate and deep zones of the uncalcified cartilage. Within the pericellular and territorial matrix compartments the epitopes representing the aggrecan KS-rich region were detected preferentially near or at collagen fibrils. Along the fibrils, epitope reactivity was non-randomly distributed, showing preference for the gap region within the D-period. Our data suggest that collagen fibrils interact with the KS-rich regions of several aggrecan monomers aligned within a proteoglycan aggregate. The fibril could therefore serve as a backbone in at least some of the aggrecan complexes. (+info)

Impaired lysosomal processing of beta2-microglobulin by infiltrating macrophages in dialysis amyloidosis. (6/4283)

BACKGROUND: Macrophages may participate in amyloid fibril formation by processing the protein precursor. Although this theory seems to apply for amyloidosis, in which proteolytic cleavage is a prerequisite for amyloid fibril formation, it has not been demonstrated for beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) amyloidosis. We aimed to establish the role played by macrophages in beta2m amyloidosis. METHODS: We used a double immunogold electron microscopy technique, including mouse antihuman CD68, rabbit antihuman beta2m, amyloid P component, and lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP-1) antibodies. Differential density labeling studies of beta2m and amyloid P component were performed extra- and intracellularly to assess protein processing by macrophages. RESULTS: The cells surrounding amyloid fibrils were found to be mostly CD68 positive, suggesting that they were of monocyte-macrophage lineage. Intracellular accumulation of amyloid fibrils was also observed; these fibrils were constantly surrounded by LAMP-1-linked gold particles, demonstrating that intracellular beta2m was almost exclusively lysosomal. The rough-surface endoplasmic reticulum was not labeled by beta2m antibody, suggesting that there was no active synthesis of beta2m by the cells. As a marker of endocytosis, protruded cytoplasmic processes in close relation with the intracellular accumulations of beta2m amyloid fibrils were observed. No difference in density labeling (extracellular vs. intracellular) was observed for beta2m, whereas intracellular P component labeling was significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: All of these data are strongly suggestive of phagocytosis and not synthesis of amyloid fibrils by macrophages. Further, they demonstrate an impaired lysosomal processing specific for beta2m, as other compounds of the amyloid fibrils (P component) are significantly cleared. (+info)

Morphology of intraepithelial corpuscular nerve endings in the nasal respiratory mucosa of the dog. (7/4283)

Corpuscular nerve endings in the nasal respiratory mucosa of the dog were investigated by immunohistochemical staining specific for protein gene product 9.5 by light and electron microscopy. In the nasal respiratory mucosa, complex corpuscular endings, which displayed bulbous, laminar and varicose expansions, were distributed on the dorsal elevated part of the nasal septum and on the dorsal nasal concha. The endings were 300-500 microm long and 100-250 microm wide. Some axons gave rise to a single ending while others branched into 2 endings. Cryostat sections revealed that the corpuscular endings were located within the nasal respiratory epithelium. On electron microscopy, immunoreactive nerve terminals that contained organelles, including mitochondria and neurofilaments, were observed within the epithelial layer near the lumen of the nasal cavity. Some terminals contacted the goblet cell. Such terminal regions were covered by the cytoplasmic process of ciliated cells and were never exposed to the lumen of the nasal cavity. These nerve endings are probably activated by pressure changes. (+info)

Presence of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic terminal boutons. (8/4283)

The characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-47 gene recently allowed the identification of a mammalian (gamma)-amino butyric acid (GABA) transporter, presumed to be located in the synaptic vesicle membrane. In situ hybridization data in rat brain suggested that it might also take up glycine and thus represent a general Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transporter (VIAAT). In the present study, we have investigated the localization of VIAAT in neurons by using a polyclonal antibody raised against the hydrophilic N-terminal domain of the protein. Light microscopy and immunocytochemistry in primary cultures or tissue sections of the rat spinal cord revealed that VIAAT was localized in a subset (63-65%) of synaptophysin-immunoreactive terminal boutons; among the VIAAT-positive terminals around motoneuronal somata, 32.9% of them were also immunoreactive for GAD65, a marker of GABAergic presynaptic endings. Labelling was also found apposed to clusters positive for the glycine receptor or for its associated protein gephyrin. At the ultrastructural level, VIAAT immunoreactivity was restricted to presynaptic boutons exhibiting classical inhibitory features and, within the boutons, concentrated over synaptic vesicle clusters. Pre-embedding detection of VIAAT followed by post-embedding detection of GABA or glycine on serial sections of the spinal cord or cerebellar cortex indicated that VIAAT was present in glycine-, GABA- or GABA- and glycine-containing boutons. Taken together, these data further support the view of a common vesicular transporter for these two inhibitory transmitters, which would be responsible for their costorage in the same synaptic vesicle and subsequent corelease at mixed GABA-and-glycine synapses. (+info)

Differential storage described via immuno-electron microscopy, see Ständer 2001 below. Pruritus Bork K (January 2005). " ... an immunoelectron-microscopical long-term study". Cell and Tissue Research. 304 (2): 261-269. doi:10.1007/s004410000324. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyethyl_starch-induced_pruritus

Finally, the gold-standard method of cellular localization is immunoelectron microscopy. This technique also uses an antibody ... "Developments in cell biology for quantitative immunoelectron microscopy based on thin sections: a review". Histochemistry and ... Cryoelectron microscopy is used to produce lower-resolution structural information about very large protein complexes, ... Since then, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of large macromolecular assemblies has been developed. Cryo-EM uses protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein

cDNA cloning, epitope mapping and immunoelectron microscopy of two titin-associated proteins". Journal of Cell Science. 106 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYOM1

cDNA cloning, epitope mapping and immunoelectron microscopy of two titin-associated proteins". J. Cell Sci. 106 (1): 319-30. ... cDNA cloning, epitope mapping and immunoelectron microscopy of two titin-associated proteins". Journal of Cell Science. 106 (1 ... cDNA cloning, epitope mapping and immunoelectron microscopy of two titin-associated proteins". Journal of Cell Science. 106 (1 ... and the 250-kD carboxy-terminal region of titin by immunoelectron microscopy". The Journal of Cell Biology. 134 (6): 1441-53. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myomesin-2

... , sometimes called immunoelectron microscopy is a method used in electron microscopy for diagnosis ... Anderson SR, Parmiter D, Baxa U, Nagashima K. Immunoelectron Microscopy for Visualization of Nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol. ... In a technique known as solid phase immune electron microscopy, the antisera is used to coat the electron microscope grid ... Lavazza A, Tittarelli C, Cerioli M. The use of convalescent sera in immune-electron microscopy to detect non-suspected/new ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_electron_microscopy

I. Molecular definition in intercalated disks of cardiomyocytes by immunoelectron microscopy of desmosomal proteins". European ... an electron microscopy investigation on endomyocardial biopsies". European Heart Journal. 27 (15): 1847-54. doi:10.1093/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmoglein-2

I. Molecular definition in intercalated disks of cardiomyocytes by immunoelectron microscopy of desmosomal proteins". European ... as well as an ease of observation via conventional microscopy. Researchers at the University of Grenoble Alpes have outlined a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ-on-a-chip

I. Molecular definition in intercalated disks of cardiomyocytes by immunoelectron microscopy of desmosomal proteins". Eur. J. ... Under electron microscopy, an intercalated disc's path appears more complex. At low magnification, this may appear as a ... Under light microscopy, intercalated discs appear as thin, typically dark-staining lines dividing adjacent cardiac muscle cells ... Kohl, Peter; Greiner, Joachim; Rog-Zielinska, Eva A. (2022-04-08). "Electron microscopy of cardiac 3D nanodynamics: form, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_muscle

Geisbert, T. W.; Jahrling, P. B. (1990). "Use of immunoelectron microscopy to show Ebola virus during the 1989 United States ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reston_virus

Paracingulin has been localized in epithelial and in endothelial tissues by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. ... In liver tissue, immunofluorescence experiments show junctional and apical localizations, whereas immunoelectron microscopy ... immunoelectron microscopy indicates that paracingulin is not only localized in the TJ but also in the adherens junctions (AJ) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cingulin-like_protein_1

Melanosomal localization of OA1 has been confirmed by immuno-electron microscopy and other techniques alike. Localization ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_albinism_type_1

Additionally, NFTs were clearly detected by immunoelectron microscopy at 4 months but not at 2 months. However, at both 2 and 4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofibrillary_tangle

The refinements included thin sectioning, negative staining, and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) developed for clinical ... The refinements included thin sectioning, negative staining, and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) developed for clinical ... The refinements included thin sectioning, negative staining, and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) developed for clinical ... Her immune electron microscopy (IEM) innovations and insights contributed to research related to the diagnosis of hepatitis B, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Almeida

Ogawa Y, Hong SS, Toyosawa S, Kuwahara H, Shimazaki M, Yagi T (March 1993). "Immunoelectron microscopy of carbonic anhydrase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase_VI

"Immunoelectron microscopy of Schüffner's dots in Plasmodium vivax-infected human erythrocytes". The American Journal of ... Plasmodium vivax induces morphologic alterations in infected host erythrocytes that are visible by light microscopy in ... are important in the identification of this species of malarial parasite and have been associated by electron microscopy with ... ". "Microscopy of Plasmodium species". Udagama, P. V.; Atkinson, C. T.; Peiris, J. S.; David, P. H.; Mendis, K. N.; Aikawa, M ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schüffner's_dots

The order in which different cell wall components are deposited has been determined largely by immuno-electron microscopy. The ... with a focus on fluorescence microscopy Nanninga N (June 2001). "Cytokinesis in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Common Principles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokinesis

... an immunoelectron microscopy study". Journal of Virology. 73 (10): 8503-11. doi:10.1128/JVI.73.10.8503-8511.1999. PMC 112870. ... Fluorescent labeling techniques (e.g. fluorescence microscopy) have enabled direct visualization of transport in living neurons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axonal_transport

"The role of the vimentin intermediate filaments in rat 3Y1 cells elucidated by immunoelectron microscopy and computer-graphic ... "Different intermediate-sized filaments distinguished by immunofluorescence microscopy". Proceedings of the National Academy of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vimentin

Immunoelectron-microscopy experiments suggest that relocation from a peri-nuclear to a cytoplasmic distribution, coinciding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBP11

Cellular localization and tissue distribution of PLEKHA7 has been confirmed by Immunoelectron microscopy (Immuno-EM) of wild ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLEKHA7

High-resolution immunoelectron microscopy has shown that hnRNPs localize predominantly to the border regions of chromatin, ... Though it is known that a few hnRNPs shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus, immunofluorescence microscopy with hnRNP- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogeneous_ribonucleoprotein_particle

Chiu H, Morales J, Govind S (February 2006). "Identification and immuno-electron microscopy localization of p40, a protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_quinaria_species_group

... a comparison between wild type and heterozygous reeler mice by immunoelectron microscopy". Journal of Neurocytology. 30 (5): ... morphological and morphometric estimation by Golgi technique and electron microscopy". Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 127 (4): 351-4. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reelin

Through the use of gold-immunoelectron microscopy, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence experiments plectin has been found to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectin

... cDNA cloning and immunoelectron microscopy". The Journal of Cell Biology. 121 (3): 491-502. doi:10.1083/jcb.121.3.491. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tight_junction_protein_1

Immunoelectron microscopy suggests that VSIV G protein moves from cis to trans Golgi bodies without being transported between ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_vesiculovirus

... of cargo molecules and the evolution of a clathrin-coated pit by fluorescence microscopy and immuno electron microscopy. Since ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor-mediated_endocytosis

Using a variety of molecular techniques, including immuno-electron microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy, intermolecular ... Tirumalai MR, Kaelber JT, Park DR, Tran Q, Fox GE (2020). "Cryo-Electron Microscopy Visualization of a Large Insertion in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5S_ribosomal_RNA

... an immunoelectron microscopy study" J Cell Biol, 101 (2), 1985, 683-688 J. Meier, C. Vannier, A. Serge, A. Triller, D. Choquet ... In addition, using electron microscopy, he was able to demonstrate the presence of messenger RNAs encoding the glycine receptor ... he was able to visualize the glycine receptor in the synapses of the central nervous system by electron microscopy and show ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Triller

... as well as electron microscopy (no lower bound) and immuno electron microscopy, single-particle interferometric reflectance ... This electron microscopy study of the flagellate freshwater alga 'Ochromonas danica' reported release of EVs from membranes ... electron microscopy and flow cytometry. To demonstrate the presence of EVs in a preparation, as well as the relative depletion ... electron microscopy, and functional studies during the mid-20th century. Ultracentrifuged pellets from blood plasma were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_vesicle

January 2002). "Immunoelectron microscopic localization of cholesterol using biotinylated and non-cytolytic perfringolysin O". ... Other methods to detect single exosomes are atomic force microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, Raman microspectroscopy, ... "Atomic force microscopy: a novel approach to the detection of nanosized blood microparticles". Journal of Thrombosis and ... cryo-electron microscopy, and Raman tweezers microspectroscopy". Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 1: 19179. doi:10.3402/jev. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosome_(vesicle)

When examined by transmission electron microscopy in epithelioid cells in the field of Golgi lamellar complex are taped not ... The present ultrastructural and immunoelectron microscopic study of epithelioid cell granulomas provided further arguments in ... 1979) in experiments on rats, using the method of electron microscopy, showed that one of the main cytomorphological features ... Structurally, epithelioid cells (when examined by light microscopy after stained with hematoxylin and eosin), are elongated, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelioid_cell

... microscopy, immunoelectron MeSH E05.595.458.500 - microscopy, fluorescence, multiphoton MeSH E05.595.513.569 - microscopy, ... microscopy, electron, scanning MeSH E05.595.402.580 - microscopy, electron, transmission MeSH E05.595.402.580.480 - microscopy ... phase-contrast MeSH E05.595.666.400 - microscopy, atomic force MeSH E05.595.666.500 - microscopy, scanning tunneling MeSH ... microscopy, energy-filtering transmission electron MeSH E05.196.867.851 - spectroscopy, near-infrared MeSH E05.196.867.877 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E05)

... microscopy, immunoelectron MeSH E01.370.350.515.458 - microscopy, fluorescence MeSH E01.370.350.515.458.500 - microscopy, ... microscopy, scanning probe MeSH E01.370.350.515.666.400 - microscopy, atomic force MeSH E01.370.350.515.666.500 - microscopy, ... microscopy MeSH E01.370.350.515.184 - dermoscopy MeSH E01.370.350.515.370 - microscopy, acoustic MeSH E01.370.350.515.395 - ... microscopy, confocal MeSH E01.370.350.515.395.500 - laser scanning cytometry MeSH E01.370.350.515.402 - microscopy, electron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E01)

Immunoelectron microscopy analysis of HCMV gpUL73 (gN) localization: Brief report. S. Pignatelli, P. Dal Monte, N. Zini, A. ... Immunoelectron microscopy analysis of HCMV gpUL73 (gN) localization : Brief report. / Pignatelli, S.; Dal Monte, P.; Zini, N. ... Immunoelectron microscopy analysis of HCMV gpUL73 (gN) localization: Brief report. Archives of Virology. 2002;147(6):1247-1256 ... Immunoelectron microscopy analysis of HCMV gpUL73 (gN) localization : Brief report. In: Archives of Virology. 2002 ; Vol. 147, ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/immunoelectron-microscopy-analysis-of-hcmv-gpul73-gn-localization

Immunoelectron microscopy. Huh7 cells were grown in six-well plates. The cell culture medium was removed after infection with ... S1a). To validate the potential co-localization between NP-LDs and spike-LDs, we utilized immuno-electron microscopy to detect ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41421-021-00338-2?error=cookies_not_supported&code=688857b6-ff25-4ca6-b3e9-70aa15e1af5e

Immunohistochemistry (IH), double immunofluorescence microscopy (DIF), and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) were used to study ... and electron microscopy Anat Rec. 1999 Jan;254(1):61-73. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(19990101)254:1,61::AID-AR8,3.0.CO;2-D. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9892418/?dopt=Abstract

Immunoelectron microscopy. Dissected retinae were fixed in 4% formaldehyde and 0.4% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M PIPES for 30 mins ... Electron microscopy. Samples were prepared as described in Thakur et al. (2016). Ultrathin sections of ≤40 nm thickness were ... Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of retinae at 90% pupal development (when the biogenesis of apical PM is still in ... We thank the Electron Microscopy, Imaging (CIFF), Fly Facility at NCBS-TIFR for assistance. We acknowledge the generous support ...

https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/130/13/2119/56173/Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate-4-kinase

A case studied with immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Br J Dermatol. 1994 Jul. 131(1):102 ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1081565-treatment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ-on-a-chip

Immunoelectron microscopy 1-3 × 107 of purified spleen B cells not pretreated or pretreated with myosin II inhibitors were ... and processed for immunoelectron microscopy as previously described (Lankar et al., 2002). ... For video microscopy, B cells attached on poly-l-lysine-coated slides were incubated in a Ludin chamber at 37°C in the absence ... Immunogold cryoelectron microscopy analysis of 1-h BCR-stimulated MHC II-GFP+ spleen B cells. The central cluster containing ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/176/7/1007/44721/The-actin-based-motor-protein-myosin-II-regulates

a Immunoelectron microscopy of sarkosyl-insoluble fractions extracted from DLB (left) and MSA (right) patients brains. ... Immunoelectron microscopy. Sarkosyl-insoluble fractions extracted from MSA and DLB patients brains were dropped onto carbon- ... we performed immuno-electron microscopy and immunoblotting of sarkosyl-insoluble fractions extracted from patients brains. ... a Electron microscopy of human α-syn fibrils after sonication for 180 s. Negatively stained short fibrils less than 100 nm in ...

https://actaneurocomms.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40478-018-0532-2

PC cell production of, and response to, IL30 was tested by flow cytometry, immunoelectron microscopy, invasion and migration ... E, F Cryo-immunoelectron microscopy of IL30 in DU145 (E) and PC3 (F) cells, showing IL30 localization, by gold particles, in WT ... Immunoelectron microscopy. PC cells were grown in monolayer and fixed in 2% PFA and 0.2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M PBS, pH 7.4, ... PC cell production of, and response to, IL30 was tested by flow cytometry, immunoelectron microscopy, invasion and migration ...

https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-022-01357-6

Detecting Enterovirus Infection in Type 1 Diabetic Pancreas Tissue Using Immuno-Electron Microscopy Lommi, Sara (2019) ... as electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry can only detect mature virions, and quantitative real-time ... ...

https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/68784

By immunoelectron microscopy, these antibodies are found in the lamina lucida. In some patients, autoantibodies extend to the ... By immunoelectron microscopy, these autoantibodies deposit at the lower lamina lucida, extending to the lamina densa. Laminin- ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1062534-overview

Dardick I, Christensen H, Stratis M. Immunoelectron microscopy for chromogranin A in small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/426400-117894/what-is-the-role-of-radionuclide-studies-in-the-diagnosis-of-carcinoid-lung-tumors

Periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde fixative: a new version for immunoelectron microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem. 1974;22:1077-83. ...

https://www.scielo.br/j/ag/a/pYczTC9wFMLMzgsCtHcXPjh/?lang=en

... by Immunoelectron and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ...

https://www.ajtmh.org/search?f_0=author&q_0=Michael+R.+Hollingdale

Turbat‑Herrera EA, Harkins L, Herrera GA: Immunoelectron microscopy in diagnostic pathology. In Immunohistochemistry and ... Aspiration cytology, light microscopy, and ultrastructure with review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol. 1985 Apr-Jun;1(2): ... Malignant granular cell tumors: the role of electron microscopy in the definitive diagnosis of an extremely aggressive soft ... with emphasis on the value of electron microscopy. Ojemakinde K, Turbat-Herrera EA, Zeng X, Gu X, Herrera GA. Ultrastruct ...

https://www.southalabama.edu/colleges/com/departments/pathology/faculty.html

... further studies including immunoelectron microscopy will be necessary.. Here we demonstrated that the A-type cytoplasmic tail ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/29/29/9137?iss=29

The Conventional Immunogold Reagents are the classical conjugates in immuno electron microscopy; they are a good choice when ... The Conventional Immunogold Reagents are the classical conjugates in immuno electron microscopy; they are a good choice when ... The Conventional Immunogold Reagents are the classical conjugates in immuno electron microscopy; they are a good choice when ... The Conventional Immunogold Reagents are the classical conjugates in immuno electron microscopy; they are a good choice when ...

https://www.emsdiasum.com/aurion-immunogold-reagents

... immunoelectron microscopy (Immunogold) and in vitro cultures. The study by IFAT showed different behavior depending on the MAbs ... 24 of these tested presumptive positive for Yersinia pestis by fluorescence microscopy. In response, for each of the 17 ... falciparum monoinfection confirmed by microscopy. Attempts were made to provide direct observation or phone reminders for all ... Detection of microsporidian spores by microscopy was performed using Calcofluor stain, Modified Trichrome, Quick-Hot Gram ...

https://www.cdc.gov/library/sciclips/issues/v9issue47.html

Immunoelectron microscopy of mammary gland tissue from lactating rats investigating potential structural interactions between ... Immunoelectron microscopy of mammary gland tissue from lactating rats investigating potential structural interactions between ... Tissue was processed for immunoelectron microscopy using a modified Tokuyasu method. Briefly, minced tissue was fixed in 4% ... transmission electron microscopy (TEM) illumination by electrons detection of electrons Parameters Imaged. electron density ...

http://cellimagelibrary.org/images/12950

Visualization of the cytoplasmic surface of Torpedo postsynaptic membranes by freeze-etch and immunoelectron microscopy. J Cell ... Antibody-mediated neutralization of human rhinovirus 14 explored by means of cryoelectron microscopy and X-ray crystallography ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Freeze%20Etching

Deconvolution and immunoelectron microscopy suggest that Skp1 forms an extended pericentriolar structure that may function to ... In accord with these genetic results, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy show that ARF protein is localized to ... FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY METHODS FOR YEAST METHODS IN CELL BIOLOGY Pringle, J. R., Preston, R. A., Adams, A. E., Stearns, T., ... STED Super-resolution Microscopy in Drosophila Tissue and in Mammalian Cells. Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society ...

https://profiles.stanford.edu/tim-stearns

... and antibody staining as well as techniques for immunoelectron microscopy are explained. ... were investigated by microscopy techniques after reciprocal transplantation. Most traits clearly differed between the foothill ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=au:%22Holzinger,%20Andreas%22

Immunoelectron microscopy of Alzheimer and Pick brain tissue labelled with the monoclonal antibody Alz-50. Neuropathol Appl ... Immunoelectron microscopic study of synaptic pathology in Alzheimers disease. Acta Neuropathol. 1991; 81(4):428-33. Masliah E ...

https://profiles.ucsd.edu/robert.terry

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunoelectron microscopy analysis confirmed the presence of vesicular particles of ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/720

... of CENP-C by immunoelectron microscopy reveals that this protein is a component of the inner kinetochore plate. ... Light and electron microscopy of rat kangaroo cells in mitosis II. Kinetochore structure and function. ... Localization of gold in biological tissue: a photochemical method for light and electron microscopy. ...

https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/0092-8674

IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF CELL POPULATIONS IN REGIONAL AND CENTRAL LYMPH OF SHEEP. Y Otsuki, S Magari, A Rolinson and W ... LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE TISSUE-LYMPHATIC FLUID DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN THE MESENTERY: AN ...

https://journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu/lymph/issue/245/info/

Localization of a Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein by immunoelectron microscopy during and after host cell penetration. J ... Immunofluorescence assays and live fluorescence microscopy. Live microscopy was performed on intracellular parasites grown ... Total numbers of intracellular and extracellular parasites per microscopy field were counted and the intracellular parasites ... Thus the fractionation data are consistent with the live microscopy observations of the endogenously YFP-tagged PRP1 protein. ...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/157743v1.full

The same results were confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. The present study demonstrated that in the rat incisor pulp the ... The same results were confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. The present study demonstrated that in the rat incisor pulp the ... The same results were confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. The present study demonstrated that in the rat incisor pulp the ... The same results were confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. The present study demonstrated that in the rat incisor pulp the ...

https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/innervation-of-blood-vessels-in-the-rat-incisor-pulp-a-scanning-e

Immunoelectron microscopy. Functional assay. Gel shift. Radioimmunoassay. Proximity ligation assay. Chromatin ...

https://www.antibodypedia.com/gene/22945/PLEKHJ1

This study analyzed the intracellular and intraviral localization of gpUL73 by immuno-electron-microscopy comparing the reactivity of two different antibodies. (elsevier.com)
Diagnostic electron microscopy has two advantages over enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid amplification tests. (cdc.gov)
After a simple and fast negative stain preparation, the undirected, "open view" of electron microscopy allows rapid morphologic identification and differential diagnosis of different agents contained in the specimen. (cdc.gov)
Applications of diagnostic electron microscopy in clinically or epidemiologically critical situations as well as in bioterrorist events are discussed. (cdc.gov)
Electron microscopy can be applied to many body samples and can also hasten routine cell culture diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
To exploit the potential of diagnostic electron microscopy fully, it should be quality controlled, applied as a frontline method, and be coordinated and run in parallel with other diagnostic techniques. (cdc.gov)
A specimen can be ready for examination and an experienced virologist or technologist can identify, by electron microscopy, a viral pathogen morphologically within 10 minutes ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
In 1941, immunologic procedures were first used in electron microscopic studies of tobacco mosaic virus ( 9 ), and electron microscopy was introduced successfully in the differential diagnosis of smallpox and chickenpox infections in the late 1940s ( 10 , 11 ). (cdc.gov)
The conventional labeling approach in transmission and scanning electron microscopy utilizes secondary immunogold reagents based on particles that can be observed without enhancement. (emsdiasum.com)
These conjugates are suited for single and multiple labeling in electron microscopy, when the number of antigens available for binding is such that a relevant signal can be obtained. (emsdiasum.com)
Semithin (90 nm) cryosections were cut at -110C with an UltraCut UCT/FCS cryomicrotome (Leica), using a diamond knife (Diatome) and transferred to a Formvar-coated, carbon-coated, glow-discharged 100-mesh copper-rhodium electron microscopy grid. (cellimagelibrary.org)
BM-formation was surveyed by immunofluorescence (IF), regular (EM), immuno-electron microscopy (IEM), and Western blots of protein extracts of separated epithelial and 'dermal' tissue. (soton.ac.uk)
The Dutch Correlative Light Electron Microscopy flagship Node is a consortium of the 4 most prominent correlative LM-EM (CLEM) labs in the Netherlands, headed by Klumperman (Utrecht), Gerritsen (Utrecht), Koster (Leiden) and Giepmans (Groningen). (eurobioimaging.eu)
These include state-of-the-art techniques to correlate live-cell imaging and a variety of room temperature and cryo-fluorescence microscopy techniques with immuno-EM of ultrathin cryosections, cryo-EM, 3D electron tomography and FIB-SEM. (eurobioimaging.eu)
Specific CLEM techniques include correlative light - immuno-electron microscopy on ultrathin cryosections (Tokuyasu technique), correlative live cell - 3D electron microscopy, cryo-CLEM and large volume CLEM. (eurobioimaging.eu)
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Red Blood Cell infected by Plasmodium falciparum. (pasteur.fr)
In this article, we compare the subcellular distribution of fluorescently conjugated gentamicin (gentamicin-Texas Red, GTTR) with immunolabeled gentamicin using confocal or electron microscopy. (elsevier.com)
Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. (bvsalud.org)
Building on initial training in diffraction methods and biophysics, I have maintained and expanded my expertise in state-of-the-art methods of molecular biophysics and structural biology including crystallography, electron microscopy/image processing, calorimetry and thermodynamics, circular dichroism, and molecular modeling/mechanics to probe the structure-function relationships of the lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. (bu.edu)
This includes a one year sabbatical at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England developing electron microscopy. (bu.edu)
For LDL, we pioneered the use of cryo-electron microscopy to study LDL structure and used mAb labeling to investigate the topology of apoB. (bu.edu)
Specimen collection for electron microscopy. (cdc.gov)
Nagler FPO , Rake G . The use of electron microscopy in diagnosis of variola, vaccinia and varicella. (cdc.gov)
Smallpox diagnosis with special reference to electron microscopy. (cdc.gov)
Negative staining method for high resolution electron microscopy of viruses. (cdc.gov)
Visualization by immune electron microscopy of a 27nm particle associated with acute infectious non-bacterial gastroenteritis. (cdc.gov)
Biel SS , Gelderblom HR . Diagnostic electron microscopy is still a timely and rewarding method. (cdc.gov)
Different Z DNA forming sequences are revealed in phi X174 RFI by high resolution darkfield immuno‐electron microscopy. (mpg.de)
Electron microscopy revealed that this material was organized into bundles of tangled microfibrils composed of twisted and tubular structures measuring up to 17 nm wide, which did not resemble amyloid or cyclosporin-associated microfibrils. (elsevier.com)
High-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and colloidal gold immuno-electron microscopy were employed to confirm sites of CCL2 expression, and 3D immunofluorescence confocal microscopy utilized to assess inflammatory responses along the CNS microvasculature. (listlabs.com)
Therefore, in order to study the cause of defective motility of PMNL from CML patients the spatial distribution and reorganization of microfilaments and microtubules in response to fMLP have been examined by transmission electron (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (who.int)
Next I will study the effect of EC vimentin knockdown on the LBRC structure and location in the EC using immuno-electron microscopy. (northwestern.edu)
Immunofluorescence assay and immuno-electron microscopy to localize PfClpP. (phenoplasm.org)
C) Localization of PfClpP by immuno-electron microscopy. (phenoplasm.org)
We explored this question using 3D electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy analyses in the large, complex synapses formed between cortical sensory efferent axons and dendrites in the posterior thalamic nucleus. (ox.ac.uk)
Embedding in epoxy resins for ultrathin sectioning in electron microscopy. (agenjudicasino.online)
Using immunogold electron microscopy Thus IPC and PPC caused PKC. (agenjudicasino.online)
Electron microscopy showed that the supragranular layers, which contain the highest density of noradrenergic fibers, also contain the highest area! (nyu.edu)

Immunohistochemistry (IH), double immunofluorescence microscopy (DIF), and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) were used to study the differential distribution of VEGF in paraffin-embedded (IH, DIF) and in cryo-substituted, Lowicryl-embedded (IEM) specimens of normal rat and human lungs and fibrotic rat lungs. (nih.gov)
The fate of receptors on the surface of keratinocytes was followed by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, and biochemical analysis: with the onset of terminal differentiation, endocytosed receptors were transported to the lysosomes. (birmingham.ac.uk)
This antibody has been tested for use in immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, immunoprecipitation and by western blot. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
For immunofluorescence microscopy, Vero-E6 cells, grown on glass slides, were infected with SARS-CoV-Fr1 strain for 1 h at 37°C. Infection occurred in PBS/DEAE/2%FCS followed by exchange to EMEM/25mMHEPES/2%FCS. (anticorps-enligne.fr)

We use a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental methods, including cell culture and microvessel isolation, protein biochemistry, molecular biology, confocal microscopy immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. (ucdavis.edu)
We used fluorescence confocal microscopy to explore the targeting mechanisms used by several chloroplast proteins in the green alga Chlamydomonas. (concordia.ca)
In the croton oil dermatitis model, I will use confocal microscopy to visualize the stage in TEM at which neutrophil TEM is arrested. (northwestern.edu)
Confocal microscopy images of transgenic parasites PfOTU-RFA (green) and immune-stained for apicoplast targeted protein ClpP (A) and apicoplast resident protein EF-Tu (B). For each set, a three-dimensional reconstruction was developed using series of Z-stacks from confocal images with Imaris software. (phenoplasm.org)

Quantitative colocalization analysis of fluorescence microscopy images. (agenjudicasino.online)

The 281 mouse antiserum was used to localize the antigen on parasite smears by indirect immunofluorescence assay and more precisely by immunoelectron microscopy. (pasteur.fr)

Tissue was processed for immunoelectron microscopy using a modified Tokuyasu method. (cellimagelibrary.org)

By immunoelectron microscopy, these antibodies are found in the lamina lucida. (medscape.com)

PC cell production of, and response to, IL30 was tested by flow cytometry, immunoelectron microscopy, invasion and migration assays and PCR arrays. (biomedcentral.com)

Antibody-mediated neutralization of human rhinovirus 14 explored by means of cryoelectron microscopy and X-ray crystallography of virus-Fab complexes. (harvard.edu)

Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays. (bvsalud.org)

2005) Evidence for a protein transported through the secretory pathway en route to the higher plant chloroplast. (concordia.ca)

Immunoblot and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the quantity of pilus structures was significantly reduced in the Δ rga mutant compared with the parental strain. (microbiologyresearch.org)
GTTR was also identified within a variety of subcellular compartments within hair cells, including lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclei, and in similar structures by immunoelectron microscopy. (elsevier.com)

In the inflamed mouse cremaster muscle, I will study neutrophil extravasation in real-time by spinning disc confocal intravital microscopy to determine how vimentin in ECs affects the kinetic parameters of TEM. (northwestern.edu)

By using immunofluorescence light microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy, we examine the spatial distribution of Ptch and Smo within the hippocampal neurons. (elsevier.com)

Immunoelectron microscopy: a reliable tool for the analysis of cellular processes. (agenjudicasino.online)

All labs have an international track record in microscopy technique development, application, training and open access and are at the forefront of CLEM. (eurobioimaging.eu)

Visualization of the cytoplasmic surface of Torpedo postsynaptic membranes by freeze-etch and immunoelectron microscopy. (harvard.edu)

Analysis of FDPS activity and protein in rat liver, accompanied by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy studies, demonstrated that FDPS is predominantly localized in peroxisomes. (thermofisher.com)

The tissue distribution analysis by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that Tmem163 was highly localized in pancreatic β-cells and accumulated in the membrane of insulin granule. (diabetesjournals.org)

In addition, immunoelectron microscopy has been used to provide further information on protein localization. (medscape.com)
An immunoelectron microscopic analysis using post-embedding immunogold method is very useful to determine the intraneuronal localization of P450(17α) and P450arom in the hippocampal neurons of adult male rats. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Immunoelectron microscopic analysis of the distribution of P450 (17α) (A) P450arom (B) P450 (c21) (C) and P450 F3 (11β1) … In the brain regions other than the hippocampus (e.g. hypothalamus or amygdale etc. ) the synaptic localization of P450arom is observed in earlier publications with immunoelectron microscopy (EM) studies of the brains of a variety of species including quail rats monkeys and humans (Jakab et Apremilast al. (exposed-skin-care.net)

Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy analyses were performed to characterize the distribution profile of their protein products in mouse retinal sections and in 661W cultured cells. (molvis.org)

We have investigated the distribution of this protein in the rat cerebellum by immunoelectron microscopy using a Fab-peroxidase conjugate technique. (rupress.org)
Immunoelectron microscopy with colloidal gold-labeled antibodies against NS3 protein and the viral nucleocapsid protein revealed in situ accumulation of NS3 protein in the cytoplasm but not in the viral inclusion bodies, vacuoles or chloroplasts of RHBV-infected plants, following the same pattern of distribution as the RHBV nucleocapsid protein. (scielo.sa.cr)
Immunoelectron microscopy image of accumulated tau protein on cell membrane. (medicalxpress.com)
Immunoelectron microscopy of mammary gland tissue from lactating rats investigating potential structural interactions between mature lipid droplets, as indicated by peripheral labeling with adipophilin (smaller gold particles) and elements of the trans-Golgi network, identified by TGN38 (a transmembrane trans-Golgi protein) staining (larger gold particles). (ucsd.edu)
Fluorescence of a CAO-GFP fusion protein, transiently expressed in young pea leaves, was found at the periphery of mature chloroplasts and on thylakoid membranes by confocal fluorescence microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
At the protein level, Sap antigen was found within the C. albicans yeast cells and the epithelial cells by immunoelectron microscopy using an anti-Sap murine monoclonal antibody directed against the gene products Sap1-3. (episkin.com)

The organization of titin filaments in the half-sarcomere revealed by monoclonal antibodies in immunoelectron microscopy: A map of ten nonrepetitive epitopes starting at the Z line extends close to the M line. (mpg.de)

To examine the molecular and architectural differences of nebulin size-variants, we carried out immunoelectron microscopic studies to map out epitope profiles of nebulin variants in these muscles. (rupress.org)

AGT enzyme assay, immunoassay, and immunoelectron microscopy of fetal liver biopsies is possible in the second trimester). (mhmedical.com)

Using double immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, we show that pro- and antiangiogenic proteins are separated in distinct subpopulations of alpha-granules in platelets and megakaryocytes. (nih.gov)

Immunoelectron microscopy of mammary gland tissue from lactating rats investigating potential structural interactions between mature lipid droplets, as indicated by peripheral labeling with adipophili. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Tissue was processed for immunoelectron microscopy using a modified Tokuyasu method. (ucsd.edu)

In the typing of amyloid by immunoelectron microscopy, the liver appeared heavily infiltrated by anti-apoAI (+) amyloid fibrils. (elsevier.com)

We use a combination of high resolution microscopy approaches to quantitatively evaluate the topography and behavior of resting and actively signaling ErbB receptors. (nih.gov)

High-resolution immunoelectron microscopy shows that Cdh8 is concentrated at excitatory synapses in the dorsal striatum, and Cdh8 knockdown in cortical neurons impairs dendritic arborization and dendrite self-avoidance. (nih.gov)

TgRab51 was epitope-tagged at the N-terminus, expressed in the parasite, and localized by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy to tubulovesicular structures anterior to the parasite nucleus and adjacent to, but distinct from the Golgi. (elsevier.com)

In this study, we use immunoelectron microscopy and confocal imaging to provide quantitative analysis of LAMP1 distribution in various autophagic and endolysosomal organelles in neurons. (nih.gov)

Immunoelectron microscopy of Flublok (Sanofi Pasteur), a commercially available influenza vaccine from 2017 to 2018 containing hemagglutinin from H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B viruses. (nih.gov)

In 1990, he received special training in Immunoelectron microscopy under a fellowship at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. (zelskin.com)
Since 1990, the CMC has established a prize that is given to a very nice picture of a photogenic cellular structure, but also represent a body of research coupled - to a certain extent - to a technical and/or scientific advance in microscopy. (cellbiology-utrecht.nl)

The Journal covers all the interdisciplinary fields of technological developments in new microscopy methods and instrumentation and their applications to biological or material science for determination of structure and chemistry. (appmicro.org)

By immunoelectron microscopical studies performed on healthy human neutrophils after low temperature embedding in Lowicryl K4M following aldehyde fixation and partial dehydration, it could be shown that HNL colocalized with lactoferrin (a known marker for secondary or specific granules) and that myeloperoxidase was localized in the primary or azurophil granules. (nih.gov)

Ancillary techniques including immunoelectron microscopy are also described. (ijtonline.in)
Recent advances in imaging and microscopy techniques have led to a surge in biological data. (nih.gov)

Clockwise from top right you see NPC, Hoechst, merge, and differential interference contrast microscopy. (enzolifesciences.com)

Immunoelectron microscopy methods capture nanoscale spatial relationships between receptors and their intracellular signaling partners. (nih.gov)

An immunoelectron-microscopical study on myofibrils. (mpg.de)

For example, we have considered the effects of receptor clustering patterns of ErbB family members on both hetero- and homo-dimerization rates, using immunoelectron microscopy data. (nih.gov)

With immunoelectron microscopy in pemphigus erythematosus, IgG and C3 deposits are localized to the epidermal cell membranes and the upper dermis. (medscape.com)

The cost of adding yourshipment to the Easy Protection Policy includes utilized immunoelectron microscopy which further provides convincing evidence for Stanabol Karachi Labs the formation of SR-BI:SR-BI homodimers. (pourchat.com)

Applied Microscopy (AM) , the official journal of Korean Society of Microscopy (KSM), is an international, peerreviewed journal. (appmicro.org)

SARS-CoV-2 exploits host DGAT and ADRP for efficient replication | Cell Discovery (nature.com)

Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase regulates early endosomal dynamics during clathrin-mediated endocytosis | Journal of... (journals.biologists.com)

Polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor interferes with TFEB to elicit autophagy defects in SBMA | Nature Neuroscience (nature.com)

Figure 2 - Electron Microscopy for Rapid Diagnosis of Emerging Infectious Agents - Volume 9, Number 3-March 2003 - Emerging... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)

Potent prion-like behaviors of pathogenic α-synuclein and evaluation of inactivation methods | Acta Neuropathologica... (actaneurocomms.biomedcentral.com)

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of Interleukin-30 suppresses IGF1 and CXCL5 and boosts SOCS3 reducing prostate cancer growth and... (jhoonline.biomedcentral.com)

Carcinoid Lung Tumors: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology (medscape.com)

Carcinoid Lung Tumors Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Diagnostic Procedures (medscape.com)

Protocadherin-α Family Is Required for Serotonergic Projections to Appropriately Innervate Target Brain Areas | Journal of... (jneurosci.org)

Electron Microscopy for Rapid Diagnosis of Emerging Infectious Agents - Volume 9, Number 3-March 2003 - Emerging Infectious... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)

AA (Inflammatory) Amyloidosis Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Biopsy (emedicine.medscape.com)

CIL:12950, Rattus rattus, glandular epithelial cell, milk secreting cell, mammary alveolar cell. CIL. Dataset (cellimagelibrary.org)

Light Chain-Associated Renal Disorders Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Rare Causes of Acute... (medscape.com)

Light Chain-Associated Renal Disorders: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology (medscape.com)

Tim Stearns' Profile | Stanford Profiles (profiles.stanford.edu)

Anatomy72

Organisms19

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment49

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science7

Tyrosine phosphorylation is required for actin-based motility of vaccinia but not Listeria or Shigella. (1/4283)

The exocyst is an effector for Sec4p, targeting secretory vesicles to sites of exocytosis. (2/4283)

Cellular sites for dynorphin activation of kappa-opioid receptors in the rat nucleus accumbens shell. (3/4283)

Functional activities and epitope specificity of human and murine antibodies against the class 4 outer membrane protein (Rmp) of Neisseria meningitidis. (4/4283)

Association of the aggrecan keratan sulfate-rich region with collagen in bovine articular cartilage. (5/4283)

Impaired lysosomal processing of beta2-microglobulin by infiltrating macrophages in dialysis amyloidosis. (6/4283)

Morphology of intraepithelial corpuscular nerve endings in the nasal respiratory mucosa of the dog. (7/4283)

Presence of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic terminal boutons. (8/4283)

Microscopy, Immunoelectron

Microscopy, Electron

Microscopy

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Microscopy, Confocal

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

Microscopy, Atomic Force

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Immunohistochemistry

Cell Membrane

Immunologic Techniques

Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Molecular Sequence Data

Cryoelectron Microscopy

Membrane Proteins

Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling

Cell Compartmentation

Amino Acid Sequence

Golgi Apparatus

Gold

Connectin

Cell Line

Microscopy, Video

Subcellular Fractions

Microscopy, Interference

Microscopy, Polarization

Cytoplasmic Granules

Cells, Cultured

Cytoplasm

Organelles

Staining and Labeling

Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect

Immunoblotting

Microscopy, Phase-Contrast

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission

Molecular Weight

Rabbits

Nuclear Envelope

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Epitopes

Gold Colloid

Intracellular Membranes

Blotting, Western

Microscopy, Scanning Probe

Antibody Specificity

Cytoskeleton

Cryoultramicrotomy

Basement Membrane

Freeze Etching

Virion

Cell Nucleus

Cell Fractionation

Intermediate Filaments

Epithelium

Histocytochemistry

Antibodies

Microtomy

Microtubules

3,3'-Diaminobenzidine

Base Sequence

Biological Transport

Freeze Substitution

Desmosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endocytosis

Intercellular Junctions

Tissue Distribution

Tissue Embedding

Immune Sera

Actins

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Protein Binding

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Membrane Glycoproteins

Inclusion Bodies, Viral

Fluorescent Dyes

Carrier Proteins

Protein Transport