Microscopy fluorescence. Medical search

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

Measurement of the polarization of fluorescent light from solutions or microscopic specimens. It is used to provide information concerning molecular size, shape, and conformation, molecular anisotropy, electronic energy transfer, molecular interaction, including dye and coenzyme binding, and the antigen-antibody reaction.

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

A type of FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY using two FLUORESCENT DYES with overlapping emission and absorption spectra, which is used to indicate proximity of labeled molecules. This technique is useful for studying interactions of molecules and PROTEIN FOLDING.

Fluorescence microscopy utilizing multiple low-energy photons to produce the excitation event of the fluorophore. Multiphoton microscopes have a simplified optical path in the emission side due to the lack of an emission pinhole, which is necessary with normal confocal microscopes. Ultimately this allows spatial isolation of the excitation event, enabling deeper imaging into optically thick tissue, while restricting photobleaching and phototoxicity to the area being imaged.

A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a probe systematically rides across the surface of a sample being scanned in a raster pattern. The vertical position is recorded as a spring attached to the probe rises and falls in response to peaks and valleys on the surface. These deflections produce a topographic map of the sample.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

A method used to study the lateral movement of MEMBRANE PROTEINS and LIPIDS. A small area of a cell membrane is bleached by laser light and the amount of time necessary for unbleached fluorescent marker-tagged proteins to diffuse back into the bleached site is a measurement of the cell membrane's fluidity. The diffusion coefficient of a protein or lipid in the membrane can be calculated from the data. (From Segen, Current Med Talk, 1995).

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

Electron microscopy involving rapid freezing of the samples. The imaging of frozen-hydrated molecules and organelles permits the best possible resolution closest to the living state, free of chemical fixatives or stains.

Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.

A family of 3,6-di(substituted-amino)-9-benzoate derivatives of xanthene that are used as dyes and as indicators for various metals; also used as fluorescent tracers in histochemistry.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a very sharp conducting needle is swept just a few angstroms above the surface of a sample. The tiny tunneling current that flows between the sample and the needle tip is measured, and from this are produced three-dimensional topographs. Due to the poor electron conductivity of most biological samples, thin metal coatings are deposited on the sample.

Microscopy using polarized light in which phenomena due to the preferential orientation of optical properties with respect to the vibration plane of the polarized light are made visible and correlated parameters are made measurable.

The science and application of a double-beam transmission interference microscope in which the illuminating light beam is split into two paths. One beam passes through the specimen while the other beam reflects off a reference mirror before joining and interfering with the other. The observed optical path difference between the two beams can be measured and used to discriminate minute differences in thickness and refraction of non-stained transparent specimens, such as living cells in culture.

An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

The transfer of energy of a given form among different scales of motion. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed). It includes the transfer of kinetic energy and the transfer of chemical energy. The transfer of chemical energy from one molecule to another depends on proximity of molecules so it is often used as in techniques to measure distance such as the use of FORSTER RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER.

A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.

Discrete concentrations of energy, apparently massless elementary particles, that move at the speed of light. They are the unit or quantum of electromagnetic radiation. Photons are emitted when electrons move from one energy state to another. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A form of interference microscopy in which variations of the refracting index in the object are converted into variations of intensity in the image. This is achieved by the action of a phase plate.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Light-induced change in a chromophore, resulting in the loss of its absorption of light of a particular wave length. The photon energy causes a conformational change in the photoreceptor proteins affecting PHOTOTRANSDUCTION. This occurs naturally in the retina (ADAPTATION, OCULAR) on long exposure to bright light. Photobleaching presents problems when occurring in PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, and in FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY. On the other hand, this phenomenon is exploited in the technique, FLUORESCENCE RECOVERY AFTER PHOTOBLEACHING, allowing measurement of the movements of proteins and LIPIDS in the CELL MEMBRANE.

The use of light interaction (scattering, absorption, and fluorescence) with biological tissue to obtain morphologically based information. It includes measuring inherent tissue optical properties such as scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence; or optical properties of exogenous targeted fluorescent molecular probes such as those used in optical MOLECULAR IMAGING, or nontargeted optical CONTRAST AGENTS.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A type of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY in which the object is examined directly by an extremely narrow electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point and using the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen to create the image. It should not be confused with SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

An analytical method for detecting and measuring FLUORESCENCE in compounds or targets such as cells, proteins, or nucleotides, or targets previously labeled with FLUORESCENCE AGENTS.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.

Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.

Scanning microscopy in which a very sharp probe is employed in close proximity to a surface, exploiting a particular surface-related property. When this property is local topography, the method is atomic force microscopy (MICROSCOPY, ATOMIC FORCE), and when it is local conductivity, the method is scanning tunneling microscopy (MICROSCOPY, SCANNING TUNNELING).

A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The use of molecularly targeted imaging probes to localize and/or monitor biochemical and cellular processes via various imaging modalities that include RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; and MICROSCOPY.

A class of organic compounds which contain an anilino (phenylamino) group linked to a salt or ester of naphthalenesulfonic acid. They are frequently used as fluorescent dyes and sulfhydryl reagents.

Fluoroimmunoassay where detection of the hapten-antibody reaction is based on measurement of the increased polarization of fluorescence-labeled hapten when it is combined with antibody. The assay is very useful for the measurement of small haptenic antigens such as drugs at low concentrations.

A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

The study of PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and PHYSICAL PROCESSES as applied to living things.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.

The spectrometric analysis of fluorescent X-RAYS, i.e. X-rays emitted after bombarding matter with high energy particles such as PROTONS; ELECTRONS; or higher energy X-rays. Identification of ELEMENTS by this technique is based on the specific type of X-rays that are emitted which are characteristic of the specific elements in the material being analyzed. The characteristic X-rays are distinguished and/or quantified by either wavelength dispersive or energy dispersive methods.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

The physical characteristics and processes of biological systems.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A colorless, odorless, highly water soluble vinyl monomer formed from the hydration of acrylonitrile. It is primarily used in research laboratories for electrophoresis, chromatography, and electron microscopy and in the sewage and wastewater treatment industries.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Compounds that contain a 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl group.

A group of condensed ring hydrocarbons.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.

A scientific tool based on ULTRASONOGRAPHY and used not only for the observation of microstructure in metalwork but also in living tissue. In biomedical application, the acoustic propagation speed in normal and abnormal tissues can be quantified to distinguish their tissue elasticity and other properties.

Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS.

A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

LIGHT, it's processes and properties, and the characteristics of materials interacting with it.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A class of organic compounds that contains a naphthalene moiety linked to a sulfonic acid salt or ester.

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.

The diversion of RADIATION (thermal, electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result of interactions or collisions with atoms, molecules, or larger particles in the atmosphere or other media. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.

The motion of phospholipid molecules within the lipid bilayer, dependent on the classes of phospholipids present, their fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation of the acyl chains, the cholesterol concentration, and temperature.

A specialized field of physics and engineering involved in studying the behavior and properties of light and the technology of analyzing, generating, transmitting, and manipulating ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet range.

Nanometer sized fragments of semiconductor crystalline material which emit PHOTONS. The wavelength is based on the quantum confinement size of the dot. They can be embedded in MICROBEADS for high throughput ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Behavior of LIGHT and its interactions with itself and materials.

Relating to the size of solids.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

Recording serial images of a process at regular intervals spaced out over a longer period of time than the time in which the recordings will be played back.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.

The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.

Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A technique encompassing morphometry, densitometry, neural networks, and expert systems that has numerous clinical and research applications and is particularly useful in anatomic pathology for the study of malignant lesions. The most common current application of image cytometry is for DNA analysis, followed by quantitation of immunohistochemical staining.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Salts and esters of the 12-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acid--lauric acid.

A group of atoms or molecules attached to other molecules or cellular structures and used in studying the properties of these molecules and structures. Radioactive DNA or RNA sequences are used in MOLECULAR GENETICS to detect the presence of a complementary sequence by NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

Materials which have structured components with at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. These include NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; and NANOWIRES.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

Drugs that are pharmacologically inactive but when exposed to ultraviolet radiation or sunlight are converted to their active metabolite to produce a beneficial reaction affecting the diseased tissue. These compounds can be administered topically or systemically and have been used therapeutically to treat psoriasis and various types of neoplasms.

A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.

Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.

Microscopy in which the image is formed by ultraviolet radiation and is displayed and recorded by means of photographic film.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.

A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

The use of devices which use detector molecules to detect, investigate, or analyze other molecules, macromolecules, molecular aggregates, or organisms.

Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.

Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Porphyrins with four methyl, two vinyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Protoporphyrin IX occurs in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and most of the cytochromes.

Nanoparticles produced from metals whose uses include biosensors, optics, and catalysts. In biomedical applications the particles frequently involve the noble metals, especially gold and silver.

A noninvasive technique that uses the differential absorption properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin to evaluate tissue oxygenation and indirectly can measure regional hemodynamics and blood flow. Near-infrared light (NIR) can propagate through tissues and at particular wavelengths is differentially absorbed by oxygenated vs. deoxygenated forms of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Illumination of intact tissue with NIR allows qualitative assessment of changes in the tissue concentration of these molecules. The analysis is also used to determine body composition.

Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum usually sensed as heat. Infrared wavelengths are longer than those of visible light, extending into the microwave frequencies. They are used therapeutically as heat, and also to warm food in restaurants.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of the scattered light.

The assembly of the QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE of multimeric proteins (MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES) from their composite PROTEIN SUBUNITS.

Colorless, odorless crystals that are used extensively in research laboratories for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis and in organic synthesis, and polymerization. Some of its polymers are used in sewage and wastewater treatment, permanent press fabrics, and as soil conditioning agents.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The technique of using a cryostat or freezing microtome, in which the temperature is regulated to -20 degrees Celsius, to cut ultrathin frozen sections for microscopic (usually, electron microscopic) examination.

Small uniformly-sized spherical particles, of micrometer dimensions, frequently labeled with radioisotopes or various reagents acting as tags or markers.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

Pieces of glass or other transparent materials used for magnification or increased visual acuity.

Methods used to study CELLS.

Projection of near-IR light (INFRARED RAYS), in the 700-1000 nm region, across an object in parallel beams to an array of sensitive photodetectors. This is repeated at various angles and a mathematical reconstruction provides three dimensional MEDICAL IMAGING of tissues. Based on the relative transparency of tissues to this spectra, it has been used to monitor local oxygenation, brain and joints.

The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments.

Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Inorganic or organic compounds that contain boron as an integral part of the molecule.

The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light.

The technique of using a microtome to cut thin or ultrathin sections of tissues embedded in a supporting substance. The microtome is an instrument that hold a steel, glass or diamond knife in clamps at an angle to the blocks of prepared tissues, which it cuts in sections of equal thickness.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Europium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.

The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Association of snRNA genes with coiled bodies is mediated by nascent snRNA transcripts. (1/23915)

BACKGROUND: Coiled bodies are nuclear organelles that are highly enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and certain basal transcription factors. Surprisingly, coiled bodies not only contain mature U snRNPs but also associate with specific chromosomal loci, including gene clusters that encode U snRNAs and histone messenger RNAs. The mechanism(s) by which coiled bodies associate with these genes is completely unknown. RESULTS: Using stable cell lines, we show that artificial tandem arrays of human U1 and U2 snRNA genes colocalize with coiled bodies and that the frequency of the colocalization depends directly on the transcriptional activity of the array. Association of the genes with coiled bodies was abolished when the artificial U2 arrays contained promoter mutations that prevent transcription or when RNA polymerase II transcription was globally inhibited by alpha-amanitin. Remarkably, the association was also abolished when the U2 snRNA coding regions were replaced by heterologous sequences. CONCLUSIONS: The requirement for the U2 snRNA coding region indicates that association of snRNA genes with coiled bodies is mediated by the nascent U2 RNA itself, not by DNA or DNA-bound proteins. Our data provide the first evidence that association of genes with a nuclear organelle can be directed by an RNA and suggest an autogenous feedback regulation model. (+info)

Deletion analysis of the Drosophila Inscuteable protein reveals domains for cortical localization and asymmetric localization. (2/23915)

The Drosophila Inscuteable protein acts as a key regulator of asymmetric cell division during the development of the nervous system [1] [2]. In neuroblasts, Inscuteable localizes into an apical cortical crescent during late interphase and most of mitosis. During mitosis, Inscuteable is required for the correct apical-basal orientation of the mitotic spindle and for the asymmetric segregation of the proteins Numb [3] [4] [5], Prospero [5] [6] [7] and Miranda [8] [9] into the basal daughter cell. When Inscuteable is ectopically expressed in epidermal cells, which normally orient their mitotic spindle parallel to the embryo surface, these cells reorient their mitotic spindle and divide perpendicularly to the surface [1]. Like the Inscuteable protein, the inscuteable RNA is asymmetrically localized [10]. We show here that inscuteable RNA localization is not required for Inscuteable protein localization. We found that a central 364 amino acid domain - the Inscuteable asymmetry domain - was necessary and sufficient for Inscuteable localization and function. Within this domain, a separate 100 amino acid region was required for asymmetric localization along the cortex, whereas a 158 amino acid region directed localization to the cell cortex. The same 158 amino acid fragment could localize asymmetrically when coexpressed with the full-length protein, however, and could bind to Inscuteable in vitro, suggesting that this domain may be involved in the self-association of Inscuteable in vivo. (+info)

Evidence for F-actin-dependent and -independent mechanisms involved in assembly and stability of the medial actomyosin ring in fission yeast. (3/23915)

Cell division in a number of eukaryotes, including the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is achieved through a medially placed actomyosin-based contractile ring. Although several components of the actomyosin ring have been identified, the mechanisms regulating ring assembly are still not understood. Here, we show by biochemical and mutational studies that the S.pombe actomyosin ring component Cdc4p is a light chain associated with Myo2p, a myosin II heavy chain. Localization of Myo2p to the medial ring depended on Cdc4p function, whereas localization of Cdc4p at the division site was independent of Myo2p. Interestingly, the actin-binding and motor domains of Myo2p are not required for its accumulation at the division site although the motor activity of Myo2p is essential for assembly of a normal actomyosin ring. The initial assembly of Myo2p and Cdc4p at the division site requires a functional F-actin cytoskeleton. Once established, however, F-actin is not required for the maintenance of Cdc4p and Myo2p medial rings, suggesting that the attachment of Cdc4p and Myo2p to the division site involves proteins other than actin itself. (+info)

Deletion of a region that is a candidate for the difference between the deletion forms of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin and deltabeta-thalassemia affects beta- but not gamma-globin gene expression. (4/23915)

The analysis of a number of cases of beta-globin thalassemia and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) due to large deletions in the beta-globin locus has led to the identification of several DNA elements that have been implicated in the switch from human fetal gamma- to adult beta-globin gene expression. We have tested this hypothesis for an element that covers the minimal distance between the thalassemia and HPFH deletions and is thought to be responsible for the difference between a deletion HPFH and deltabeta-thalassemia, located 5' of the delta-globin gene. This element has been deleted from a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) containing the complete human beta-globin locus. Analysis of this modified YAC in transgenic mice shows that early embryonic expression is unaffected, but in the fetal liver it is subject to position effects. In addition, the efficiency of transcription of the beta-globin gene is decreased, but the developmental silencing of the gamma-globin genes is unaffected by the deletion. These results show that the deleted element is involved in the activation of the beta-globin gene perhaps through the loss of a structural function required for gene activation by long-range interactions. (+info)

The disulfide-bonded loop of chromogranin B mediates membrane binding and directs sorting from the trans-Golgi network to secretory granules. (5/23915)

The disulfide-bonded loop of chromogranin B (CgB), a regulated secretory protein with widespread distribution in neuroendocrine cells, is known to be essential for the sorting of CgB from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to immature secretory granules. Here we show that this loop, when fused to the constitutively secreted protein alpha1-antitrypsin (AT), is sufficient to direct the fusion protein to secretory granules. Importantly, the sorting efficiency of the AT reporter protein bearing two loops (E2/3-AT-E2/3) is much higher compared with that of AT with a single disulfide-bonded loop. In contrast to endogenous CgB, E2/3-AT-E2/3 does not undergo Ca2+/pH-dependent aggregation in the TGN. Furthermore, the disulfide-bonded loop of CgB mediates membrane binding in the TGN and does so with 5-fold higher efficiency if two loops are present on the reporter protein. The latter finding supports the concept that under physiological conditions, aggregates of CgB are the sorted units of cargo which have multiple loops on their surface leading to high membrane binding and sorting efficiency of CgB in the TGN. (+info)

Optical mapping of Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 2. (6/23915)

Detailed restriction maps of microbial genomes are a valuable resource in genome sequencing studies but are toilsome to construct by contig construction of maps derived from cloned DNA. Analysis of genomic DNA enables large stretches of the genome to be mapped and circumvents library construction and associated cloning artifacts. We used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis purified Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 2 DNA as the starting material for optical mapping, a system for making ordered restriction maps from ensembles of individual DNA molecules. DNA molecules were bound to derivatized glass surfaces, cleaved with NheI or BamHI, and imaged by digital fluorescence microscopy. Large pieces of the chromosome containing ordered DNA restriction fragments were mapped. Maps were assembled from 50 molecules producing an average contig depth of 15 molecules and high-resolution restriction maps covering the entire chromosome. Chromosome 2 was found to be 976 kb by optical mapping with NheI, and 946 kb with BamHI, which compares closely to the published size of 947 kb from large-scale sequencing. The maps were used to further verify assemblies from the plasmid library used for sequencing. Maps generated in silico from the sequence data were compared to the optical mapping data, and good correspondence was found. Such high-resolution restriction maps may become an indispensable resource for large-scale genome sequencing projects. (+info)

Inducible long-term gene expression in brain with adeno-associated virus gene transfer. (7/23915)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors hold promise for treating a number of neurological disorders due to the ability to deliver long-term gene expression without toxicity or immune response. Critical to these endeavors will be controlled expression of the therapeutic gene in target cells. We have constructed and tested a dual cassette rAAV vector carrying a reporter gene under the control of the tetracycline-responsive system and the tetracycline transactivator. Transduction in vitro resulted in stable expression from the vector that can be suppressed 20-fold by tetracycline treatment. In vivo experiments, carried out to 6 weeks, demonstrated that vector-transduced expression is sustained until doxycycline administration upon which reporter gene expression is reduced. Moreover, the suppression of vector-driven expression can be reversed by removal of the drug. These studies demonstrate long-term regulated gene expression from rAAV vectors. This system will provide a valuable approach for controlling vector gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. (+info)

Transcriptional regulation and induction of apoptosis: implications for the use of monomeric p53 variants in gene therapy. (8/23915)

The p53 tumour suppressor protein is a transcriptional activator, which can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. p53 Gene mutations occur in more than 50% of all human tumours. Reintroduction of wild-type p53 but also of oligomerisation-independent p53 variants into tumour cells by gene transfer methods has been considered. We have investigated the biological properties of two carboxy-terminal deletion mutants of p53, p53 delta 300 (comprising amino acids 1-300) and p53 delta 326 (amino acids 1-326), to evaluate their potential deployment in gene therapy. Transactivation was measured in transiently transfected HeLa and SKBR3 cells. Both monomeric variants showed reduced activities compared with wild-type p53. Individual promoters were differently affected. In contrast to wild-type p53, monomeric variants were not able to induce apoptosis. We also provided wild-type p53 and p53 delta 326 with tetracycline-regulated promoters and stably introduced these constructs into Saos2 and SKBR3 cells. Upon induction, wild-type p53 expressing cells, but not p53 delta 326 expressing cells underwent apoptosis. Consistently, only wild-type p53 expressing cells accumulated p21/waf1/cip1 mRNA and protein and showed increased bax, Gadd45 and mdm2 mRNA. Neither wild-type p53 nor p53 delta 326 repressed the transcription of the IGF-1R gene in these cell lines. We conclude that the transactivation potential of monomeric, carboxy-terminally truncated p53 is not sufficient to cause induction of the endogenous target genes which trigger apoptosis. (+info)

Yuste R (Dec 2005). "Fluorescence microscopy today". Nature Methods. 2 (12): 902-4. doi:10.1038/nmeth1205-902. PMID 16299474. ... The availability of GFP and its derivatives has thoroughly redefined fluorescence microscopy and the way it is used in cell ... This has triggered the development of highly automated live-cell fluorescence microscopy systems, which can be used to observe ... Zn(II) binding increases fluorescence intensity, while Cu(II) binding quenches fluorescence and shifts the absorbance maximum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein

Yuste R (2005). "Fluorescence microscopy today". Nature Methods. 2 (12): 902-904. PMID 16299474. doi:10.1038/nmeth1205-902.. ... Cryoelectron microscopy is used to produce lower-resolution structural information about very large protein complexes, ... Finally, the gold-standard method of cellular localization is immunoelectron microscopy. This technique also uses an antibody ... For example, indirect immunofluorescence will allow for fluorescence colocalization and demonstration of location. Fluorescent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_protein

Fluorescence Microscopy. Cambridge University Press. p. 22. ISBN 0-521-23641-X. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012 ... Practical Fluorescence, Second Edition, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. ISBN 0-8247-8350-6. Banwell C.N. and McCash E.M. ... This number varies over several orders of magnitude, depending on the sample, and is known as the fluorescence lifetime of the ... Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Plenum Press, New York. ISBN 0-387-31278-1. Guilbault, G.G. 1990. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes_shift

In fluorescence microscopy objects out of the focal plane only interfere with the image if they are illuminated and fluoresce. ... Lightsheet based fluorescence microscopy illuminates the sample with excitation light under an angle of 90° to the direction of ... Gratton E, Barry NP, Beretta S, Celli A (September 2001). "Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy". Methods. 25 (1): 103-10. doi: ... Total internal reflection microscopy is a fluorescent microscopy technique, which intentionally restricts observation to either ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_sectioning

Yuste R (December 2005). "Fluorescence microscopy today". Nature Methods. 2 (12): 902-4. doi:10.1038/nmeth1205-902. PMID ... Cryoelectron microscopy is used to produce lower-resolution structural information about very large protein complexes, ... This technique also uses an antibody to the protein of interest, along with classical electron microscopy techniques. The ... In more recent times, cryo-electron microscopy of large macromolecular assemblies and computational protein structure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein

Rusk, N. (2009). "The fluorescence microscope". Milestones in Light Microscopy. Nature Publishing Group. Heimstädt O. (1911). " ... Fortunately, Köhler saw the potential of fluorescence. A filtering technique for fluorescence excitation light was developed by ... In 1973 Steinkamp and the team at Los Alamos follow up with a fluorescence-based cell sorter. In 1978, at the Conference of the ... In the late 1960s, Van Dilla at Los Alamos National Laboratory built the first non microscopy-based cytophotometer. He did this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytometry

... microscopy, saturated structured-illumination microscopy (SSIM), fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy (FPALM), ... extraneous undesired specific fluorescence, and nonspecific fluorescence. Autofluorescence includes fluorescence emitted from ... Immunofluorescence is a technique used for light microscopy with a fluorescence microscope and is used primarily on ... Huang, Bo; Bates, Mark; Zhuang, Xiaowei (2009-06-02). "Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy". Annual Review of Biochemistry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofluorescence

... can be visualised with fluorescence microscopy by using aequorin as a reporter protein. The ... Axelrod, D. (2008). Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy. In J. J. Correia & H. W. Detrich (Eds.), Biophysical ... Dense core granule exocytosis viewed by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy". Methods. 46 (3): 233-238. doi: ... microdomains at the uropod of living morphologically polarized human neutrophils using flash lamp-based fluorescence microscopy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_concentration_microdomains

To minimize damage to the visualized cells, two-photon microscopy is often invoked to detect the fluorescence from the ... "Optimizing 3D multiphoton fluorescence microscopy". Optics Letters. 38 (19): 3945-3948 Miyawaki A, Llopis J, Heim R, McCaffery ... which is simply the ratio of the change in fluorescence (F - F0) over the baseline fluorescence. This can be related to the SNR ... Light field microscopy methods extend functional readout of neural activity capabilities in 3D volumes. Cannell MB, Berlin JR, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_imaging

For quantum dots, prolonged single-molecule microscopy showed that 20-90% of all particles never emit fluorescence. On the ... Fluorescent dyes Fluorescence in the life sciences Quenching of fluorescence Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP ... Juan Carlos Stockert, Alfonso Blázquez-Castro (2017). "Chapter 3 Dyes and Fluorochromes". Fluorescence Microscopy in Life ... Fluorophores can also be used to quench the fluorescence of other fluorescent dyes (see article Quenching (fluorescence)) or to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorophore

In fluorescence microscopy, colocalization refers to observation of the spatial overlap between two (or more) different ... Colocalization is used in real-time single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to detect interactions between fluorescently ... Curr Protoc Cell Biol "Quantitative colocalization analysis of confocal fluorescence microscopy images." Archived 2009-11-28 at ... 2013). "Bridging the gap between qualitative and quantitative colocalization results in fluorescence microscopy studies". Sci ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colocalization

A QD-LED integrated at a scanning microscopy tip was used to demonstrate fluorescence near-field scanning optical microscopy ( ... Juan Carlos Stockert, Alfonso Blázquez-Castro (2017). "Chapter 18 Luminescent Solid-State Markers". Fluorescence Microscopy in ... This is called fluorescence. In a simplified model, the energy of the emitted photon can be understood as the sum of the band ... To improve fluorescence quantum yield, quantum dots can be made with shells of a larger bandgap semiconductor material around ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot

Fluorescence Microscopy in Life Sciences. Bentham Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1-68108-519-7. Retrieved 17 December 2017. CS1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiff_test

Analysis by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy". Journal of Immunological Methods. 133 (1): 87-97. doi:10.1016/0022- ... due to the progressive halving of CFSE fluorescence within daughter cells following each cell division.[3] The only limitation ... approximately 7-8 cell divisions can be identified before the CFSE fluorescence is too low to be distinguished above the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxyfluorescein_succinimidyl_ester

CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Hepler, P. K.; B. E. S. Gunning (1998). "Confocal fluorescence microscopy of plant ... Building on the work of Shinya Inoué and Andrew Bajer using polarized light microscopy, Hepler used electron microscopy to ... Zeiger, E.; P. K. Hepler (1979). "Blue light-induced, intrinsic vacuolar fluorescence in onion guard cells". Journal of Cell ... S2CID 19236616.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) "Poems and Quotations About the MicroWorld". Microscopy Society ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_K._Hepler

Denk, W.; Strickler, J.; Webb, W. (1990). "Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy". Science. 248 (4951): 73-76. ... Another technique, the Two Photons Microscopy (2P), invented by Winfried Denk (for which he has been awarded the Brain Prize in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophysics

"Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Specialized Microscopy Techniques - Fluorescence Digital Image Gallery - Male Rat ... "Olympus Microscopy Resource Center , Fluorescence Digital Image Gallery - Epithelial Cells". Retrieved 17 December 2013. ... Brescia, Jr, Peter J.; Banks, Peter (24 June 2014). "High Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy of PtK2 Cells Undergoing Mitosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptk2_cells

2012). "Circular Dichroism Probed by Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy in Enantiopure Chiral Polyfluorene Thin Films". J. Am. ... Denk, W.; Strickler, J.; Webb, W. (1990). "Two-Photon Laser Scanning Fluorescence Microscopy". Science. 248 (4951): 73-76. ... The first experimental measurement of TPCD was performed in 1995 using a fluorescence based technique (FD-TPCD), but it was not ... Gunde, K.E.; Richardson, F.S. (1995). "Fluorescence-Detected Two-Photon Circular Dichroism of Gd3+ in Trigonal Na3[Gd(C4H4O5)3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-photon_circular_dichroism

Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy Denk 1994, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. Two-photon scanning photochemical ... Denk, W; Strickler, J.; Webb, W. (1990-04-06). "Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy". Science. 248 (4951): 73-76 ... Two-photon microscopy remains the only technique that allows the recording of activity in living brains with high spatial ... There he built one of the first super-resolution microscopes and developed a passion for scanning microscopy. He did his ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfried_Denk

Multiphoton excitation in laser scanning fluorescence microscopy provides for high resolution, high signal-to-noise imaging in ... Denk W, Strickler JH, Webb WW (1990). "Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy". Science. 248 (4951): 73-76. Bibcode: ... Professor Webb pioneered the techniques of Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) in 1972 and Multiphoton microscopy (MPM ... In situ measurements of the dynamics of fluorescence flicker by FCS, photobleaching, phototoxicity, and induced fluorescence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt_W._Webb

Nie, S; Chiu, D.; Zare, R. (1994-11-11). "Probing individual molecules with confocal fluorescence microscopy". Science. ... Weiss, S. (1999-03-12). "Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Single Biomolecules". Science. American Association for the Advancement ... Zumofen, Gert; Hohlbein, Johannes; Hübner, Christian G. (2004-12-20). "Recurrence and Photon Statistics in Fluorescence ... Chung, Inhee; Bawendi, Moungi G. (2004-10-11). "Relationship between single quantum-dot intermittency and fluorescence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_dimensions_form

Nie, S; Chiu, D.; Zare, R. (1994). "Probing individual molecules with confocal fluorescence microscopy". Science. 266 (5187): ... Weiss, Shimon (1999). "Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Single Biomolecules". Science. 283 (5408): 1676-83. Bibcode:1999Sci... ... Chung, Inhee; Bawendi, Moungi (2004). "Relationship between single quantum-dot intermittency and fluorescence intensity decays ... Zumofen, Gert; Hohlbein, Johannes; Hübner, Christian (2004). "Recurrence and Photon Statistics in Fluorescence Fluctuation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-state_trajectory

Wilson, T., Optical sectioning in fluorescence microscopy. Journal of microscopy, 2011. 242: p. 111-6. Glass, Monty; Dabbs, Tim ... It generally refers to fluorescence confocal microscopy, although multi-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography have ... Polglase, A.L., W.J. Mclaren, and S.A. Skinner, A fluorescence confocal endomicroscope for in vivo microscopy of the upper- and ... Conventional, widefield microscopy is generally unsuitable for imaging thick tissue because the images are corrupted by a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endomicroscopy

Fluorescence experiments involve observing fluorescent probes incorporated into the membrane. Atomic force microscopy ... Membrane fluidity can be measured with electron spin resonance, fluorescence, atomic force microscopy-based force spectroscopy ... Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy monitors the fluctuations in fluorescence intensity measured from a small number of ... Lateral motion of molecules within the membrane can be measured by a number of fluorescence techniques: fluorescence recovery ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_fluidity

Such devices are used in fluorescence microscopy.[citation needed] Murphy, Douglas B.; Davidson, Michael W. (2012). ... Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging. John Wiley & Sons. p. 221.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichromatic_mirror

Schermelleh L (2010). "A guide to super-resolution fluorescence microscopy". J. Cell Biol. 190 (2): 165-175. doi:10.1083/jcb. ... For example, using the traditional fluorescence microscopy approach 300 - 500 factories were found but using both confocal and ... GFP polymerase fluorescence experiments have shown that the inducement of transcription in Drosophila polytene nuclei leads to ... It is possible to view them under both light and electron microscopy. The discovery of transcription factories has challenged ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factories

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy for the observation of development and LILBID mass spectrometry for the analysis of ... Optogenetics and light sheet fluorescence microscopy were selected as the "Method of the Year" across all fields of science and ... PMID 20601950.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Stelzer EHK (2015). "Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy for ... Editoral (2014). "Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy can image living samples in three dimensions with relatively low ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_of_Excellence_Frankfurt_Macromolecular_Complexes

Nie, S; Chiu, DT; Zare, RN (11 November 1994). "Probing individual molecules with confocal fluorescence microscopy". Science. ... Early in his career, the question of whether laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) could be used to study aflatoxins spurred Zare to ... "Molecular fluorescence and photodissociation. Zare, Richard Neil". Harvard Library. Retrieved 28 March 2017. "About Richard N. ... Zare is well known for his research in laser chemistry, particularly the development of laser-induced fluorescence, which he ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Zare

Additionally, fluorescence microscopy techniques have indicated that phagocytes also have a relatively low internal pH. Since ... Nunes P, Guido D, Demaurex N (December 2015). "Measuring Phagosome pH by Ratiometric Fluorescence Microscopy". Journal of ... This technique, which makes use of fluorescence spectroscopy, consists of adding this special dye to the cytosol of a cell. By ... the relative amount of resulting fluorescence can reveal the approximate surrounding pH. Harguindey, S; Stanciu, D; Devesa, J; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_pH

Linear excitation of fluorescence with confocal detection. This method is essentially confocal laser scanning microscopy. It ... In addition, fluorescence is radiated in all directions from the addressed point, so special light collection optics must be ... The reading rate is limited to 10 Mbit/s because of the fluorescence lifetime. Colossal Storage aim to develop a 3D holographic ... The intensity or wavelength of the fluorescence is different depending on whether the media has been written at that point, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_optical_data_storage

The name refers to the fluorescence he saw while looking at a glowing plate bombarded with X-rays.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_imaging

Fluorescence microscopy can be used to find out where the fluorescent probe is bound to the chromosomes. FISH is often used for ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fluorescence in situ hybridization.. *Fluorescent+in+Situ+Hybridization at the US ... Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes that bind to only ... Fluorescence in situ Hybridization Photos of bacteria. *Rational design of polynucleotide probe mixes to identify particular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization

... characterization methods such as electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, calorimetry, nuclear microscopy (HEFIB), Rutherford ... electro-fluorescence, high thermal stability, etc. ... A scanning electron microscopy image of carbon nanotubes ... A diamond cuboctahedron showing seven crystallographic planes, imaged with scanning electron microscopy ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science

... the isothiocyanate derivative of fluorescein is often used to label and track cells in fluorescence microscopy applications ( ... Fluorescein is a fluorophore commonly used in microscopy, in a type of dye laser as the gain medium, in forensics and serology ... The fluorescence that is created by the dye makes problem areas more visible and easily identified. A similar concept can be ... The fluorescence of this molecule is very intense; peak excitation occurs at 494 nm and peak emission at 521 nm. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescein

Advancement in microscopic techniques and technology such as fluorescence microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy, dark field ... microscopy, confocal microscopy, cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, etc. have allowed scientists to get a better idea ... Section 4. Intrinsic X-Ray Fluorescence". In Bani, Lucia (Ed.). Metallomics and the Cell. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. 12. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology

Electron microscopy. *Immunofluorescence. *Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Clinical pathology. *Clinical chemistry. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyknosis

Where a colorant contains fluorescence, a bi-spectral fluorescent spectrophotometer is used. There are two major setups for ... Microscopy. *Scanning electron microscope (SEM). *Transmission electron microscope (TEM). Thermochemistry. *Calorimeter * ... Traditional visible region spectrophotometers cannot detect if a colorant or the base material has fluorescence. This can make ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrophotometry

Such substrates can be fabricated on a wafer scale and label-free superresolution microscopy has also been demonstrated using ... Each spectrum was specific, which is advantageous over fluorescence detection; some fluorescent markers overlap and interfere ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_enhanced_Raman_spectroscopy

Microscopy[edit]. Culture techniques will often use a microscopic examination to help in the identification of the microbe. ... quantitative PCR does not require this, as the detection system uses fluorescence and probes to detect the DNA molecules as ... Electron microscopes and fluorescence microscopes are also used for observing microbes in greater detail for research.[28] ... More detailed identification techniques involve microbial culture, microscopy, biochemical tests and genotyping. Other less ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_microbiology

"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"[108] سٹیفین ہیل رومانیا ... "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic ...

https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/کیمیاء_میں_نوبیل_انعام_وصول_کنندگان_کی_فہرست

Single molecule probing by fluorescence and force detection. 105: 90-98. doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.03.025. PMID 27038745.. ... In the case of atomic force microscopy, it may also be hard to discriminate the interaction of the tip with the studied ... optical tweezers and atomic force microscopy. The magnetic interaction is highly specific to the used superparamagnetic ... drawback of magnetic tweezers is the low temporal and spatial resolution due to the data acquisition via video-microscopy.[3] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_tweezers

Yuste R (December 2005). "Fluorescence microscopy today". Nature Methods. 2 (12): 902-4. doi:10.1038/nmeth1205-902. PMID ... Cryoelectron microscopy is used to produce lower-resolution structural information about very large protein complexes, ... Finally, the gold-standard method of cellular localization is immunoelectron microscopy. This technique also uses an antibody ... For example, indirect immunofluorescence will allow for fluorescence colocalization and demonstration of location. Fluorescent ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesis

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) involves fluorescent labeling of probes that bind to specific DNA sequences, used for ... While cytogenetics historically relied on microscopy to analyze chromosomes, new molecular technologies such as array ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Genetics

"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"[115] Stefan W. Hell செருமனி. உருமேனியா[116] ... "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution"[119] ... "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic ...

https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/வேதியியலுக்கான_நோபல்_பரிசு_பெற்றவர்கள்

In fluorescence observations, the resolution limit of confocal microscopy is often limited by the signal to noise ratio caused ... The Development of a Modern Microscopy". Imaging & Microscopy.. online. *^ a b c Barry R. Masters: Confocal Microscopy And ... Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing ... Barry R. Masters: Confocal Microscopy And Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy. The Genesis of Live Cell Imaging. SPIE Press, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confocal_microscope

This is called Stokes Raman scattering, by analogy with the Stokes shift in fluorescence discovered by George Stokes in 1852, ... Fifth Conference on Frontiers of Aberration Corrected Electron Microscopy. 203: 60-67. doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.12.006. ISSN ... "Live-Cell Bioorthogonal Chemical Imaging: Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy of Vibrational Probes". Accounts of Chemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_scattering

Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy. *Enhancement or quenching of QD, Q-wire and QW radiations ... Laser-induced fluorescence. *Laser ablation. *Laser ablation synthesis in solution. *Laser plasma acceleration ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plasma_

"DNA Base Identification by Electron Microscopy". Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of ... Following the development of fluorescence-based sequencing methods with a DNA sequencer,[2] DNA sequencing has become easier ... and microscopy-based techniques, such as atomic force microscopy or transmission electron microscopy that are used to identify ... Microscopy-based techniques[edit]. Main article: Transmission electron microscopy DNA sequencing. This approach directly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequencing_technology

Fluorescence. *Fluorescence anisotropy. Translational Diffusion. *Analytical ultracentrifugation. *Size exclusion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy

Microscopy[edit]. Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture ... A fluorescence microscope is then used to detect fluorescently labeled antibodies bound to internalized antigens within ... Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light microscope, or with instruments as complex as ... Microscopy is often also used in conjunction with biochemical staining techniques, and can be made exquisitely specific when ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

... scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), differential scanning ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials

Electron microscopy. *Immunofluorescence. *Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Clinical pathology. *Clinical chemistry. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_damage

Recognising the potentialities of laser-scanning confocal microscopy, John built a prototype microscope: with William Bradshaw ... "Long-term two-photon fluorescence imaging of mammalian embryos without compromising viability". Nature Biotechnology. 17 (8): ... White co-developed confocal microscopy and mapped the complete nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans, consisting of 302 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Graham_White

Thus, fluorescence light microscopy should not be used to study the glycocalyx because that particular method uses a dye. The ... Another study used cryotransmission electron microscopy and showed that the endothelial glycocalyx could be up to 11 μm thick.[ ... When vessels are stained with cationic dyes such as Alcian blue stain, transmission electron microscopy shows a small, ... The initial measurement was taken with intravital microscopy, which showed a slow-moving plasma layer, the glycocalyx, of 1 μm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycocalyx

2014 - Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell and William E. Moerner for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy.[16] ... 2017 - Jacques Dubochet/ Jochiam Frank / Richard Henderson for cryo-election microscopy[19] ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry

"Olympus Microscopy Resource Center. Retrieved September 19, 2007.. *^ More specifically, "blue green" 487-493 nm, "bluish green ... fluorescence, holography, machine vision, non-lethal weapons and bird control.[23] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green

Fluorescence. *Fluorescence anisotropy. Translational Diffusion. *Analytical ultracentrifugation. *Size exclusion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

"An Introduction to Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Technology and its Application in Bioscience". BioTek ... New advancements in biotechnological experimental methods such as the use of Bessel beam plane illumination microscopy and FRET ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB5_toxin

These are the convergence of DNA hybridization, fluorescence microscopy, and solid surface DNA capture. The three mandatory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNP_array

... a fact which has spurred the development of more sophisticated microscopes and fluorescence accessories. ... Fluorescence is the most rapidly expanding microscopy technique in both the medical and biological sciences, ... Advanced Techniques in Fluorescence Microscopy. * Introduction to Confocal Microscopy. Confocal microscopy offers the ability ... Fluorescence Microscopy. Section Overview: Fluorescence illumination and observation is the most rapidly expanding microscopy ...

http://olympus.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/fluorescence/fluorhome.html

Imaging technique based on fluorescence. Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy or FLIM is an imaging technique based on the ... is the fluorescence lifetime, I. 0. {\displaystyle I_{0}}. is the initial fluorescence at t. =. 0. {\displaystyle t=0}. , and k ... "Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy" - news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2014) (Learn how and when to ... of the fluorescence signal in time bin i, the lifetime estimation is carried out by minimization of: χ. 2. =. ∑. i. [. d. i. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence-lifetime_imaging_microscopy

What is fluorescence microscopy?. Fluorescence microscopy is a non-destructive way of tracking or analyzing tissues, cells, or ... The Fluorescence Microscopy and Imaging Center provides intramural researchers with access to a variety of advanced imaging ...

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/facilities/fmic/

Fluorescence Microscopy News and Research. RSS Fluorescence microscopy is an imaging technique used to examine cells and their ... In this interview from SfN 2018, Michelle Gal explains the fluorescence illumination systems for fluorescence microscopy, ... will display its wide range of X-Cite fluorescence illumination products for microscopy at Neuroscience 2018. ... can be detected during the examination of medical samples by means of fluorescence microscopy. ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Fluorescence-Microscopy

... fluorescence microscopy encompasses a variety of techniques that can exceed the diffraction limit - the point at which ... Super-resolution (SR) fluorescence microscopy encompasses a variety of techniques that can exceed the diffraction limit - the ... The Future of SR Microscopy. The full potential of SR microscopy is yet to be reached. The field is relatively new, and the ... Prior to the development of SR microscopy techniques, conventional wide-field microscopy was unable to distinguish ...

https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Super-Resolution-Fluorescence-Microscopy.aspx

... Unit. The unit on main campus specializes in confocal microscopy and other advanced fluorescence ... Fluorescence Microscopy Unit. The unit on main campus specializes in confocal microscopy and other advanced fluorescence ... Fluorescence Microscopes:. With fluorescence microscopy one is able to determine localization/co-localization as well as mean ... Fluorescence Microscopes:. With fluorescence microscopy one is able to determine localization/co-localization as well as mean ...

http://www.sun.ac.za/english/faculty/science/CAF/Pages/Fluorescence-Microscopy.aspx

Fluorescence microscopy Biogenesis Secretion systems Fluorescently labeled proteins Macromolecular complexes Epistasis ... Poulter NS, Pitkeathly WTE, Smith PJ, Rappoport JZ (2015) In: Verveer PJ (ed) Advanced fluorescence microscopy. Springer, New ... Zoued A., Diepold A. (2017) Defining Assembly Pathways by Fluorescence Microscopy. In: Journet L., Cascales E. (eds) Bacterial ... Johnson TL, Sikora AE, Zielke RA, Sandkvist M (2013) Fluorescence microscopy and proteomics to investigate subcellular ...

https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007%2F978-1-4939-7033-9_23

... light-sheet fluorescence microscopy conference and workshop. The program will provide a combination of virtual and in-person ... The Virtual Conference (May 9-11, 2021) will bring together innovators in microscopy from academic institutes, industry, and ... such as widefield fluorescence, confocal and multiphoton imaging. However, none of these courses are specifically designed to ...

https://www.mbl.edu/lsfm/

Posted by erika pastrana , Categories: Microscopy & Imaging, Model Organisms, Neuroscience. It is now possible to map the ... Posted by Daniel Evanko , Categories: Microscopy & Imaging, Webcasts. Our very first webinar is now live. The topic is " ... Posted by Daniel Evanko , Categories: Biophysics, Editorials, Microscopy & Imaging. Light-induced damage to biological samples ... during fluorescence imaging is known to occur but receives too little attention by researchers. Read more ...

http://blogs.nature.com/blog/tag/fluorescence-microscopy/

... released its new INFINITY Fluorescence Series Bundle; a fluorescence microscopy imaging solution consisting of high-end ... which gives fluorescence microscopy customers complete access to maximum frame rates, live image adjustments, and all the ... with feature-rich software packages to provide customers with a complete imaging solution for fluorescence microscopy. Each ... Lumeneras INFINITY Fluorescence Series cameras have a new sleek black enclosure, and feature Sony CCD sensors to offer high ...

http://www.prweb.com/releases/2014/07/prweb11999911.htm

To address this, we propose a content-adaptive representation of fluorescence microscopy images, the Adaptive Particle ... The APR provides a simple and efficient content-aware representation of fluosrescence microscopy images. Modern microscopes can ... Developments in fluorescence microscopy1,2,3, labeling chemistry4, and genetics5 provide the potential to capture and track ... Adaptive particle representation of fluorescence microscopy images. *Bevan L. Cheeseman ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9248-51181,2 ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07390-9?error=cookies_not_supported&code=5dd228b0-8717-48c2-852d-4af4fa99f6bf

Macromolecular-scale resolution in biological fluorescence microscopy. Gerald Donnert, Jan Keller, Rebecca Medda, M. Alexandra ... Macromolecular-scale resolution in biological fluorescence microscopy. Gerald Donnert, Jan Keller, Rebecca Medda, M. Alexandra ... Macromolecular-scale resolution in biological fluorescence microscopy Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ... Macromolecular-scale resolution in biological fluorescence microscopy. Gerald Donnert, Jan Keller, Rebecca Medda, M. Alexandra ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/103/31/11440.abstract

... is an essential techniquethat allows scientists to visualise molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, ions, ... Wolf DE (2013) Fundamentals of fluorescence and fluorescence microscopy. Methods in Cell Biology 114: 69-97. ... Fluorescence microscopy is an essential technique that allows scientists to visualise molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, ions ... Keywords: fluorescence microscopy; CCD camera; confocal laser scanning; spectral analysis; optical filters; living cells ...

https://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0005780.html

... www.nist.gov/programs-projects/fluorescence-microscopy-benchmarking-overview/assuring-comparability-wide-field ... and product developers are now able to implement our new procedure in quantitative wide-field fluorescence microscopy. NIST ... NIST developed a procedure for characterizing the performance of a fluorescence microscope by benchmarking the detection ... and is proven to improve the reproducibility of wide-field fluorescence imaging. Our strategy adds value to image data ...

https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/fluorescence-microscopy-benchmarking-overview/assuring-comparability-wide-field

... on laser tweezers for cell micromanipulation as well as on fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) in Life Sciences. ... It includes a foreword by the nonlinear microscopy expert Dr. Colin Sheppard. Ed. by Karsten König ... on laser tweezers for cell micromanipulation as well as on fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) in Life... view more ... on laser tweezers for cell micromanipulation as well as on fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) in Life Sciences. The book ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-03/dg-mma030218.php

Ultrafast photonics for fluorescence imaging and time-resolved assays. *Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy for clinical ... Ultrafast photonics for fluorescence imaging and time-resolved assays. *Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy for clinical ... Fluorescence Microscopy. The optical microscope is one of the most widespread biophotonics tools and has allowed researchers to ... Fluorescence microscopy has enjoyed a renaissance over the last decade, partly driven by advances in light source and detector ...

https://www.imperial.ac.uk/photonics/research/biophotonics/techniques/fluorescence-imaging-and-metrology/fluorescence-microscopy/

The Advanced Light Microscopy facility at Science for Life laboratory cordially welcomes you to a symposium covering advanced ... applications of super-resolution fluorescence imaging from world leading experts ... Scilifelab-symposium in Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy. The Advanced Light Microscopy facility at Science for Life laboratory ... 09:50 am: Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy. Mike Heilemann - University of Frankfurt, Germany. Coffee. 11:10 am: ...

https://www.kth.se/en/aktuellt/kalender/forelasningar-seminarier/scilifelab-symposium-in-advanced-fluorescence-microscopy-1.914681

AGA(C8R)-HNG17 and the mitochondrial tracker tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester in PC-12 cells (rat pheochromocytoma, of neuronal origin) 10 min after inducing necrosis by cyanide, exhbiting co-localization of humanin and mito-tracker at the mitochondria. Both trackers are co-localized where their lifetime is the longest.

https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/86259.php

The coumarin dyes are commercially available conjugated to molecules useful in fluorescence microscopy (Molecular Probes, Inc. ... Such fields include scanned beam fluorescence microscopy, scanned beam microlithography, nanofabrication, and optical digital ... see Tsien and Waggoner, Fluorophores for Confocal Microscopy, in Handbook of Confocal Microscopy, James B. Pawley, ed., Plenum ... Fluorescence Microscopy of Living Cells in Culture, Part B, Academic Press, 1989). These techniques include placing annular and ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US7394077?dq=6322901

BACK TO FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY. Questions or comments? Send us an email.. © 1998-2018 by Michael W. Davidson and The Florida ... Fluorescence Microscopy Interactive Tutorials. Photobleaching. The phenomenon of photobleaching (also commonly referred to as ... red fluorescence), respectively. Time points were taken in two-minute intervals using a fluorescence filter combination with ... The tutorial initializes with a pair of identical fluorescence images appearing in the Unbleached Image and Photobleached Image ...

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/fluorescence/photobleaching/

This section discusses introductory concepts about fluorescence excitation and emission and the numerous applications in ... Introduction to Fluorescence - Fluorescence microscopy is a rapidly expanding and invaluable tool of investigation. Its ... Fluorescence microscopy is an excellent method of studying material that can be made to fluoresce, either in its natural form ( ... Reference Listing - The field of fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy is experiencing a renaissance with the introduction ...

https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/lightandcolor/fluorescencehome.html

Fluorescence microscopy is almost as simple to do as bright-field microscopy, and most often it is more specific. In the past, ... Fluorescence microscopy has proved to be a useful and very cost-effective procedure for disease surveillance and for the ... Fluorescence microscopy meets all the essential requirements for laboratory examination even under constrained conditions of ... Laboratories should be more aware of the advantages of using fluorescence microscopy. The practical steps of indirect ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/119734?locale-attribute=ar

... single-molecule fluorescence. TIRF microscopy images of PAmCherry1 fluorescence (a), PAGFP fluorescence (d) and the merge (g) ... The fluorescence collected during the 15,000 frames is shown in a and represents a diffraction-limited TIRF microscopy image. ( ... Photoactivatable mCherry for high-resolution two-color fluorescence microscopy.. Subach FV1, Patterson GH, Manley S, Gillette ... d-f) Magnified views of the boxed region in a are shown as TIRF microscopy (d), PALM (e) and cluster analysis images (f). PALM ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19169259?dopt=Abstract

The latest incarnation of the modern fluorescence microscope has led to a paradigm shift. This wave is about breaking the ... Conventional fluorescence microscopy uses a lens to focus a beam of light onto a spot. For example, a lens focuses the emission ... Bringing Superresolution to Fluorescence Microscopy. BioPhotonics. May 2010 Prashant Prebhat and Turan Erdogan, !%Semrock Inc ... Photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM, also referred to as F-PALM for fluorescence PALM) and stochastic optical ...

https://www.photonics.com/Articles/Bringing_Superresolution_to_Fluorescence/a42338

Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy or FLIM is an imaging technique for producing an image based on the differences in the ... global fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy industry 2017fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy market 2017global ... fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy market shareglobal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy market growthglobal ... fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy market trendsglobal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy market 2017 ...

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Buy Protein Localization by Fluorescence Microscopy by Viki Allan from Waterstones today! Click and Collect from your local ... Protein Localization by Fluorescence Microscopy: A Practical Approach - Practical Approach Series 218 (Hardback). Viki Allan ( ... Protein Localization by Fluorescence Light Microscopy: A Practical Approach has something to offer all microscopists, giving a ... This is one major reason why fluorescence microscopy is enjoying a revival. This no-nonsense guide provides detailed, practical ...

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... is an effective approach for super-resolution wide-field fluorescence microscopy with a theoretically unlimited resolution. In ... Fluorescence contrast under saturated excitation is ensured by the inherent high density of intensity minima associated with ... Compressed speckle microscopy is thus a simple approach that enables 3D super-resolved nSIM imaging with potentially ... Nonlinear structured illumination microscopy is a super-resolution technique that is challenging to extend to 3 dimensions. The ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09297-5?error=cookies_not_supported&code=f1942eaa-f3e9-4532-87cc-35a2f52f2ede

The technique of dual-wavelength ratio fluorescence microscopy provides a powerful tool to measure organellar pH. Unlike si.. ... Fluorescence microscopy The technique of dual-wavelength ratio fluorescence microscopy provides a powerful tool to measure ...

https://www.omicsonline.org/blog/2015/05/06/11279-Fluorescence-microscopy.html

The base of this system is a fluorescence confocal microscope which is suitable for use in top level biological and biomedical ... The Nikon TiE is fully automated inverted widefield fluorescence microscope with builting Perfect Focus system and high-speed ... The Eclipse Ti-E inverted microscope offers improved system speed, increased flexibility and efficient multi-mode microscopy as ... Has both high resolution and flexibility to cover a wide range of experimental setups in fluorescent microscopy ...

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Fluorescence Microscopy Camera by Andor Technology Ltd (Andor). With the iXon EMCCD cameras, Andor have delivered a dedicated, ... fluorescence microscopy camera microscopy microscopy camera fluorescence microscope microscope well level well camera ... No reviews were found for Andor - Model iXon EMCCD - Fluorescence Microscopy Camera. Be the first to review! ... Andor Launches iXon Life for Fluorescence Microscopy. Feb. 9, 2017. Andor Technology (Andor), an Oxford Instruments company and ...

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Reviewed in this article are key features of fluorescence microscopy such as detecting fluorescent objects that can be faintly visible or very bright relative to the background, as well as common problems with microscope configuration. (fsu.edu)
The idea is to locate the specific area of interest in a specimen using the technique (phase) then, without relocating the specimen, switch the microscope to fluorescence mode. (fsu.edu)
Currently, many courses focus on general optical principles and the use of conventional microscope platforms, such as widefield fluorescence, confocal and multiphoton imaging. (mbl.edu)
NIST developed a procedure for characterizing the performance of a fluorescence microscope by benchmarking the detection threshold, saturation, and linear dynamic range to a physical artifact, such as a fluorescent material. (nist.gov)
The figure shows the most common form of fluorescence microscope where excitation light is reflected by a dichroic beamsplitter and illuminates the field of view to produce fluorescence at a wavelength that is transmitted by the dichroic beamsplitter. (imperial.ac.uk)
The fluorescence microscope was devised in the early part of the twentieth century by August K hler, Carl Reichert, and Heinrich Lehmann, among others. (fsu.edu)
What is more, the fluorescence microscope can reveal the presence of fluorescing material with exquisite sensitivity. (fsu.edu)
Although the fluorescence microscope cannot provide spatial resolution below the diffraction limit of the respective specimens, the presence of fluorescing molecules below such limits is made remarkably visible. (fsu.edu)
More recently, less expensive fluorescence microscopes have been developed, and accessories are now available that convert a bright-field microscope into a fluorescence microscope. (who.int)
The latest incarnation of the modern fluorescence microscope has led to a paradigm shift. (photonics.com)
So-called super resolution microscopy allows for the visualization of cellular samples with a resolution similar to that of an electron microscope, yet it retains the advantages of an optical fluorescence microscope. (photonics.com)
So what is wrong with a conventional fluorescence microscope? (photonics.com)
The base of this system is a fluorescence confocal microscope which is suitable for use in top level biological and biomedical research and surface analysis in material science applications. (dcu.ie)
The Nikon TiE is fully automated inverted widefield fluorescence microscope with builting Perfect Focus system and high-speed motorization. (dcu.ie)
The Eclipse Ti-E inverted microscope offers improved system speed, increased flexibility and efficient multi-mode microscopy as part of a fully-integrated microscope system that is ideal for high-end research and with its environmental control, it is perfect for live cell imaging. (dcu.ie)
The fluorescence microscope (wide‐field, scanning, confocal, one‐photon excitation, multiphoton excitation) is an extremely useful and ubiquitous instrument in biological and medical laboratories. (els.net)
The fluorescence microscope provides enhanced contrast, single protein specificity and single molecule sensitivity. (els.net)
Progress in the technical development over more than 100 years of instrument design and fluorescent probe synthesis has contributed to the continuing widespread utility of the fluorescence microscope. (els.net)
Recently, genetically expressed fluorescent proteins and quantum dots provide new research capabilities for the intravital fluorescence microscope. (els.net)
The reader will gain an understanding of the development of both the fluorescence microscope instrumentation and the field of fluorescent probe synthesis, development, limitations and applications to the life sciences. (els.net)
The fluorescence microscope can provide single molecule detection sensitivity. (els.net)
The fluorescence microscope can provide single protein selectivity. (els.net)
A major advance in fluorescence microscope is the development of multiphoton excitation microscopy. (els.net)
Development of a confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscope using two. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
Although the concepts of fluorescence and its optical separation using filters remain similar, microscope design varies with the aim of increasing image contrast and spatial resolution. (open.ac.uk)
We present the first realization of a Two-Color Two-Photon Laser-Scanning Microscope (2c2pLSM) and UV fluorescence images of cells acquired with this technique. (biomedsearch.com)
This technique for Laser-Scanning Microscopy extends the excitation wavelength range of a Ti:Sa powered fluorescence microscope to the UV. (biomedsearch.com)
For the purpose of this report, fluorescence microscopy or microscope is defined as an optical microscope that uses fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of, or in addition to, reflection and absorption, to study properties of organic or inorganic substances. (bccresearch.com)
A fluorescence microscope is based on the phenomenon that certain materials emit energy which is detectable as visible light when irradiated with the light of a specific wavelength. (bccresearch.com)
A fluorescence microscope uses a much more intense light source that excites a fluorescent species in a sample of interest. (bccresearch.com)
Bruker has developed a fully integrated fluorescence microscope for TriboIndenter Series Instruments. (bruker.com)
The fluorescence microscope utilizes user-definable filter sets for use with a wide range of fluorescent dyes and is also capable of bright field imaging, allowing the nanoindenter system to be effectively utilized in a variety of research areas. (bruker.com)
We describe a method of obtaining optical sectioning with a standard wide-field fluorescence microscope. (nih.gov)
This book provides a comprehensive account of the theory of image formation in a confocal fluorescence microscope as well as a practical guideline to the operation of the instrument, its limitations, and the interpretation of confocal microscopy data. (spie.org)
Since its introduction in the late seventies, the confocal fluorescence microscope has advanced rapidly from a complex instrument that could be used by specialists only, to a commercial product, which is part of the standard repertoire of modern biological research. (spie.org)
Microscope Zeiss Elyra PS.1 use a technologies of structured illumination (SIM) and precise localization (PALM/STORM) to overcome so called diffraction barrier, which limits us to resolution of cca 200 nm in conventional light microscopy. (cuni.cz)
Microscope can use a technology of TIRF (Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence) to increase signal to noise ratio in the space near to cover glass. (cuni.cz)
This unit discusses the optics and other components of the fluorescence microscope, their functions and adjustments, and the digital darkroom. (currentprotocols.com)
A technique using a light microscope to study properties of organic or inorganic substances using the phenomena of fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of, or in addition to, reflection and absorption . (biology-online.org)
This fluorescence tutorial explains the optical elements in the light path and the operating mode of fluorescence microscopy taking the example of an inverted microscope which can be used for transmitted light contrasting methods and fluorescence microscopy. (leica-microsystems.com)
Diagram illustrating the optical filters and light path of a fluorescence microscope. (azooptics.com)
The light path through lenses and sample in basic brightfield microscopy (A). Antique 19th century drum-style compound microscope (B). (thermofisher.com)
Accessories for X-Cite fluorescence illuminators including optical power measurement, lamp replacements, liquid light guides, and microscope adapters for Zeiss, Olympus, Leica and Nikon. (microscopeworld.com)
The design is based on an apertured fluorescence detector placed close to the back aperture of the objective lens and can be easily incorporated into virtually any confocal microscope. (osapublishing.org)
Multiple-view imaging was developed as an extension to the light-sheet based fluorescence microscope (LSFM), a novel technique that seems to be better suited for multiple-view imaging than any other fluorescence microscopy method to date. (uni-heidelberg.de)

Fluorescence illumination and observation is the most rapidly expanding microscopy technique employed today, both in the medical and biological sciences, a fact which has spurred the development of more sophisticated microscopes and numerous fluorescence accessories. (fsu.edu)
Unfortunately, fluorescence microscopes do not directly output the shapes and locations of objects through time. (nature.com)
This monograph focuses on modern femtosecond laser microscopes for two photon imaging and nanoprocessing, on laser tweezers for cell micromanipulation as well as on fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) in Life. (eurekalert.org)
In the past, the high cost of fluorescence microscopes has prevented the wider application of this method. (who.int)
SRRF-Stream unlocks the means to perform real time super resolution microscopy on conventional modern fluorescence microscopes. (environmental-expert.com)
The basic principle of fluorescence imaging is the same for all microscopes: The sample is first chemically labelled with fluorescent molecules called fluorophores. (mpg.de)
The market is broken down by illumination methods, types of fluorescence microscopes, technology, region, and applications (end users). (bccresearch.com)
The new 2.0 version of the Basler Microscopy Software also offers exposure compensation and a new zoom feature for stereo microscopes. (baslerweb.com)
Fluorescence microscopes are equipped to observe the fluorescence of one or more specific fluorophores to localize specific molecules and analyzed cellular structures. (currentprotocols.com)
Leica Microsystems' fluorescence stereo microscopes use the TripleBeam technology , a separate (third) beam path for fluorescence illumination of the sample without a dichroic mirror. (leica-microsystems.com)
Fluorescence microscopes and imaging systems make use of fluorescent biomarkers and fluorescence filter sets to produce bright and high-contrast images of biomolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. (azooptics.com)
Image quality is highly dependent on the design and the grade of performance seen in these fluorescence filters that are integrated into fluorescence microscopes. (azooptics.com)
Fluorescence microscopes, imaging systems, flow cytometers, and DNA sequencers all use a light source, whether that is a laser, LED, or broadband lamp, in order to excite the fluorescent tags within a sample. (azooptics.com)
Three types of optical filters are needed for epi-fluorescence and other standard fluorescence microscopes to function properly. (azooptics.com)
Learn the basic physics behind the excitation and emission of a fluorophore and how microscopes channel and capture the light generated to make a fluorescence-based image. (thermofisher.com)

When the technique of fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET ) is applied to optical microscopy, it permits determination of the approach between two molecules within several nanometers. (fsu.edu)
FLIM has been used to image interactions between proteins such as receptor oligomerisation and to reveal protein phosphorylation by detecting fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). (rsc.org)
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Microscopy for Measuring Chromatin Complex Structure and Dynamics. (nih.gov)
There is a chamber with CO 2 atmosphere for live cell imaging available.It is possible to do multicolor analysis as well as recording of physiologial processes, 3D reconstructions, FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching) and FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) analysis an tile scans. (cuni.cz)
Engineering green fluorescent protein for improved brightness, longer wavelengths and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. (currentprotocols.com)
Resonance energy transfer microscopy. (currentprotocols.com)
Membranes of living cells are characterized by laser-assisted fluorescence microscopy , in particular a combination of microspectrofluorometry , total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy ( TIRFM ), fluorescence lifetime imaging ( FLIM ) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy . (rsc.org)
The processes, such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and stimulated emission depletion (STED), are used in microscopy. (azooptics.com)
These techniques include FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer), FLIM (fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy), FCS (fluorescence correlation spectroscopy), and FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching). (picoquant.com)

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has proven to be a fundamental tool in biology to unveil processes occurring at the nano-scale 1 . (nature.com)
This limit was regarded as insurmountable − until researchers developed super-resolution fluorescence microscopy methods, such as STED and PALM / STORM, within the past two decades. (mpg.de)
With the help of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy , it is even possible to image sub-resolution structures. (leica-microsystems.com)
Facile method to stain the bacterial cell surface for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. (sigmaaldrich.com)
A method to fluorescently stain the surfaces of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial cells compatible with super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is presented. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Unlike other modes of optical microscopy based on macroscopic specimen features, such as birefringence, fluorescence microscopy is capable of imaging the distribution of a single molecular species based solely on the properties of fluorescence emission. (fsu.edu)
Widefield fluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy rely on secondary fluorescence emission as an imaging mode, primarily due to the high degree of sensitivity afforded by the techniques. (fsu.edu)
Optical highlighters generally display little or no initial fluorescence under excitation at the imaging wavelength, but increase their fluorescence intensity after activation by irradiation at a different wavelength. (fsu.edu)
The lasers employed in optical microscopy are high-intensity monochromatic light sources, which are useful for many techniques including optical trapping, lifetime imaging studies, and photobleaching recovery. (fsu.edu)
Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy or FLIM is an imaging technique based on the differences in the exponential decay rate of the fluorophore from a sample. (wikipedia.org)
It can be used as an imaging technique in confocal microscopy , two-photon excitation microscopy , and multiphoton tomography. (wikipedia.org)
which allows one to view contrast between materials with different fluorescence decay rates (even if those materials fluoresce at exactly the same wavelength), and also produces images which show changes in other decay pathways, such as in FRET imaging . (wikipedia.org)
Fluorescence microscopy is an imaging technique used to examine cells and their internal components. (news-medical.net)
With conventional wide-field microscopy all markers are switched on at the same time, causing overlapping and blurred imaging to be produced. (news-medical.net)
In comparison to other microscopy techniques, STED is able to produce video-rate imaging and works well with a variety of markers. (news-medical.net)
Our latest addition, the AMNIS imaging flow cytometer combines the best of microscopy and flow cytometry, providing a very fast analyses tool to image thousands of cells or particles in suspension for further analyses. (sun.ac.za)
Light-induced damage to biological samples during fluorescence imaging is known to occur but receives too little attention by researchers. (nature.com)
a fluorescence microscopy imaging solution consisting of high-end scientific cameras, feature-rich software packages, and a 5-year warranty. (prweb.com)
The INFINITY Fluorescence Series Bundle includes an INFINITY3 series camera, with feature-rich software packages to provide customers with a complete imaging solution for fluorescence microscopy. (prweb.com)
Lumenera's INFINITY3 series cameras have proven to excel in fluorescence imaging - even under challenging conditions," said Eric Ramsden, Product Manager at Lumenera Corporation. (prweb.com)
Using multiple different imaging modalities, scientists have adapted fluorescence microscopy to advance our knowledge in all areas of biology and across length scales that range from tens of millimetres to a few nanometres. (els.net)
Fluorescence imaging systems are built to excite molecules and then collect the emitted photons. (els.net)
Imaging resolution has been limited to a diffraction limit based on the nature of our ability to collect fluorescence light through the objective, but new techniques have allowed for imaging to almost arbitrary precision. (els.net)
This method has already been implemented by several universities and companies, and is proven to improve the reproducibility of wide-field fluorescence imaging . (nist.gov)
Indeed, for much biological research, "microscopy" has become almost synonymous with "imaging", although many concepts developed for microscopy are being translated to optical imaging at larger scales. (imperial.ac.uk)
For studies of disease mechanisms, microscopy is increasingly evolving from imaging thin layers of cells on a coverslip to studies of 3-D cell cultures, which provide a better representation of the in vivo context, and to imaging of cellular processes in live organisms - from worms and fruit flies to humans. (imperial.ac.uk)
Lack of green fluorescence and single-molecule behavior make monomeric PAmCherry1 a preferred tag for two-color diffraction-limited photoactivation imaging and for super-resolution techniques such as one- and two-color photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM). (nih.gov)
Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy or FLIM is an imaging technique for producing an image based on the differences in the exponential decay rate of the fluorescence from a fluorescent sample. (mynewsdesk.com)
This report focuses on the Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy in Global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. (mynewsdesk.com)
There are 15 Chapters to deeply display the global Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy market. (mynewsdesk.com)
Fluorescence lifetime imaging ( FLIM ) can report on photophysical events that are difficult or impossible to observe by fluorescence intensity imaging, and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging (TR-FAIM) can measure the rotational mobility of a fluorophore in its environment. (rsc.org)
Compressed speckle microscopy is thus a simple approach that enables 3D super-resolved nSIM imaging with potentially considerably reduced acquisition time and photobleaching. (nature.com)
Here, we demonstrate the possibility to achieve 3D super-resolution imaging by a single 2D raster scan under saturated fluorescence excitation with tightly focused speckle patterns. (nature.com)
Andor Technology (Andor), an Oxford Instruments company and world leader in scientific imaging and spectroscopy solutions, today announced the launch of the new ultrasensitive iXon Life Electron Multiplying CCD (EMCCD) camera platform, exclusively for fluorescence microscopy. (environmental-expert.com)
Apex Market Reports, recently published a detailed market research study focused on the "Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Market" across the global, regional and country level. (openpr.com)
The report provides 360° analysis of "Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Market" from view of manufacturers, regions, product types and end industries. (openpr.com)
The research report analyses and provides the historical data along with current performance of the global PP Pipe industry, and estimates the future trend of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy on the basis of this detailed study. (openpr.com)
The study shares "Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy" performance both in terms of volume and revenue. (openpr.com)
The market research report explores the Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Market across the globe along with major regions and countries. (openpr.com)
Moreover, the research study classifies the Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Market based on major product types, application and end users industries of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. (openpr.com)
Besides, the report also covers geographical segmentation for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Market. (openpr.com)
The competitive landscape of the global market for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy is determined by assessing the major industry participants, production capacity, production capacity utilization rate, Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Market's production chain, pricing by each manufacturer and the revenue generated by each manufacturer in the Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Market globally. (openpr.com)
The Global Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Market 2018 is further analyzed on the basis of product pricing, Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy production volume, data pertaining to demand and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy supply, and the revenue garnered by the product. (openpr.com)
The report provides upstream and downstream analysis covering major raw material used in manufacturing of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy along with detailed manufacturing sources. (openpr.com)
Various methodical tools such as investment returns, feasibility, SWOT analysis and market attractiveness analysis has been implemented in the research study to present a comprehensive, detailed study of the industry for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy across the world. (openpr.com)
2002) Biomedical applications of fluorescence lifetime imaging. (els.net)
2008) Label‐free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. (els.net)
Fluorescence microscopy imaging has rapidly evolved in these years and provided new means for studying microbial behavior, cell motion, or intracellular processes in vivo. (hindawi.com)
The fluorescence image signal features a third-order dependence on the excitation power, also providing intrinsic 3-D imaging. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
The central obstacle hindering progress in this area is the shortage of methods for labeling proteins for imaging by both fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. (pnas.org)
The key finding is that VIPER delivers a variety of chemical reporters, thus enabling effortless switching from fluorescence microscopy to high-resolution electron microscopy imaging without changing the genetically encoded tag. (pnas.org)
It was the summer of 2005 when in the laboratory of Fred Wouters we started the first autonomous runs of our new in-house developed high throughput fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) system. (mdpi.com)
A new method for fluorescence imaging has been developed that can obtain spatial distributions of large numbers of fluorescent molecules on length scales shorter than the classical diffraction limit. (nih.gov)
We characterize the structure and mechanical properties of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide (BTA) supramolecular polymers using correlative AFM and fluorescence imaging. (tue.nl)
In addition to the known advantages of multi-photon microscopy like intrinsic 3D resolution, reduced photo damage and high penetration depth 2c2pLSM offers the possibility of using standard high numeric aperture objectives for UV fluorescence imaging. (biomedsearch.com)
Hence, it is an ideal tool for label free fluorescence studies and imaging of intrinsic protein fluorescence which originates mainly from tryptophan. (biomedsearch.com)
Nanoindentation and fluorescence imaging is combined utilizing a high-precision automated staging system and provides exceptional spatial synchronicity between the techniques. (bruker.com)
Our PowerPack portfolio now features two cameras particularly suitable for fluorescence imaging: the Microscopy ace 2.3 MP Mono offers a resolution of 2.3 MP combined with high sensitivity thanks to its large pixel size. (baslerweb.com)
To make fluorescence imaging more convenient and to save the user´s time, the software has also been enhanced with color presets for the most common fluorescence markers. (baslerweb.com)
It is possible to do one channel FLIM (Fluorescence Life-time IMaging), FCS (Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy) and RICS (Raster Image Correlation Microscopy) measurents which allow us uncover molecular relationships and functions. (cuni.cz)
Three‐dimensionally resolved NAD(P)H cellular metabolic redox imaging of the in situ cornea with two‐photon excitation laser scanning microscopy. (currentprotocols.com)
Fluorescence imaging creates a window on the cell. (currentprotocols.com)
This one week, intensive microscopy course will cover all aspects of the technology from the principals of fluorescence imaging to multidimensional imaging in living cells. (mdibl.org)
The THUNDER Imager Tissue allows real-time fluorescence imaging of 3D tissue sections typically used in neuroscience and histology research. (leica-microsystems.com)
Göttfert F, Pleiner T, Heine J, Westphal V, Görlich D, Sahl SJ, Hell SW (2017) Strong signal increase in STED fluorescence microscopy by imaging regions of subdiffraction extent. (springer.com)
Now you can take the Molecular Probes School of Fluorescence Basics of Imaging: Chapter 1-Fundamentals of fluorescence microscopy with you on your devices. (thermofisher.com)
It's pretty important to understand the difference between magnification and resolution when it comes to getting a good result when you're doing fluorescence imaging. (thermofisher.com)
This we're going to be talking about life cell imaging and fluorescence microscopy. (coursera.org)
makes fluorescence microscopy compatible with live cell imaging over a time course. (coursera.org)
This webinar is an ideal opportunity for academics and researchers in cell and development biology fields to see how light-sheet microscopy can benefit their research and imaging potential. (bruker.com)
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy is opening the door for many researchers to perform high-speed 3D imaging of large and delicate samples while still being able observe fast subcellular processes and interactions within the organ, organoid or organism context. (bruker.com)
Watch this webinar to gain insights into the basics of light-sheet microscopy and the critical details that produce the best light-sheet imaging results. (bruker.com)
Super Resolution imaging using single molecule localization techniques (PALM, STORM) provides the highest resolution available for a fluorescence microscopy modality. (bruker.com)
Is the Subject Area "Fluorescence imaging" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
With Quant-View technology-which quantifies imaging data in photoelectrons-disabled (panels A to C), reported fluorescence signal increased with greater applied EM Gain. (bioopticsworld.com)
In this contribution, the LSFM properties, which are important for multiple-view imaging, are characterized and the implementation of LSFM based multiple-view microscopy is described. (uni-heidelberg.de)
In recent years, non-linear imaging techniques such as multiphoton fluorescence and harmonic generation microscopy have been successfully applied to dermatological imaging. (spie.org)
We present a multimodal visible light optical coherence microscopy (OCM) and fluorescence imaging (FI) setup. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
1 The use of OCT or optical coherence microscopy (OCM) also expanded into a wide range of application fields such as neuro-, skin, and endoscopic imaging. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
One promising possibility is to combine OCT and fluorescence imaging (FI). (spiedigitallibrary.org)
AFM and fluorescence imaging with specific lectin probes demonstrated that the polarized surface structure correlates with a heterogeneous distribution of WTAs, the latter being absent from the surface of the poles. (wur.nl)
Professor Hell received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2014 'for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy,' and the Kavli Prize in nanoscience that same year for his 'transformative contributions to the field of nano-optics that have broken long-held beliefs about the limitations of the resolution limits of optical microscopy and imaging. (carnegiescience.edu)
Here we present a correlative scanning TEM (STEM) and fluorescence microscopy technique for imaging viable cells of Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 in liquid using an in situ fluid cell TEM holder. (osti.gov)
Fluorescently labeled cells were immobilized on microchip window surfaces and visualized in a fluid cell with STEM, followed by correlative fluorescence imaging to verify their membrane integrity. (osti.gov)
Notably, the post-STEM fluorescence imaging indicated that the bacterial cell wall membrane did not sustain radiation damage during STEM imaging at low electron dose conditions. (osti.gov)

We compare different FLIM methods: a chief advantage of wide-field time-gating and phase modulation methods is the speed of acquisition whereas for time-correlated single photon counting ( TCSPC ) based confocal scanning it is accuracy in the fluorescence decay. (rsc.org)
The manuals focus lies on the core F-techniques FRET, FLIM, FCS, and FRAP, but recognizes recent developments that lead to many interesting variants currently in use, such as fluorescence cross correlation spectroscopy (FCCS). (picoquant.com)

Learn the basic concepts of fluorescence, a member of the ubiquitous luminescence family of processes in which susceptible molecules emit light from electronically excited states created by either a physical, mechanical, or chemical mechanism. (fsu.edu)
The CAF Fluorescence Microscopy Unit houses fluorescence-based instruments for assessing the various properties of cells, particles or molecules of interest in a wide variety of samples. (sun.ac.za)
Fluorescence microscopy is an essential technique that allows scientists to visualise molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, ions, metabolites, carbohydrates and lipids), large structures and whole cells in fixed and living specimens as well as single molecules, assemblies and enzymes in vitro . (els.net)
Fluorescence is an intrinsic property of some molecules and proteins that causes them to absorb and then emit light at given wavelengths. (els.net)
Localisation of molecules is only one of many readouts that scientists can obtain from fluorescence microscopy. (els.net)
Increasingly, however, fluorescence instrumentation aims to provide more information than just the distribution of specific fluorescent molecules. (imperial.ac.uk)
Recently, it was realized that ToF sensors could also be used for the detection of fluorescence and of the minute changes in the nanosecond-lived electronic states of fluorescent molecules. (mdpi.com)
The fluorescence is imaged by a CCD camera, and then the molecules are either reversibly inactivated or irreversibly photobleached to remove them from the field of view. (nih.gov)
FPALM images are compared with images of the same molecules by widefield fluorescence. (nih.gov)
Hence, SAF Microscopy is ideally suited to discriminate between molecules and particles at or close to surfaces and all other specimen present in the bulk. (wikipedia.org)
Absorption of energy as light by some molecules and emission of energy as fluorescence can occur only at certain wavelengths, which are characteristic for a given molecule (fluorophore). (currentprotocols.com)
many molecules that we're looking at the fluorescence of. (coursera.org)
The new approach, called dispersion-relation fluorescence spectroscopy (DFS), labels molecules of interest with a fluorophore whose motion, the researchers write, "gives rise to spontaneous fluorescence intensity fluctuations that are analyzed to quantify the governing mass transport dynamics. (phys.org)
I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/76213907 Title: Cell substrate distance measurement in correlation with distribution of adhesion molecules by fluorescence microscopy Author: Yoriko Iwanaga Publisher: [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. (worldcat.org)

In order to generate enough excitation light intensity to furnish secondary fluorescence emission capable of detection, powerful light sources are needed such as mercury or xenon arc (burner) lamps. (fsu.edu)
To observe fluorescence, one of these pathways must be by spontaneous emission of a photon. (wikipedia.org)
The 10- to 12-fold multilateral increase in resolution below the diffraction barrier has been enabled by the elimination of molecular triplet state excitation as a major source of photobleaching of a number of dyes in stimulated emission depletion microscopy. (pnas.org)
Allowing for relaxation of the triplet state between subsequent excitation-depletion cycles yields an up to 30-fold increase in total fluorescence signal as compared with reported stimulated emission depletion illumination schemes. (pnas.org)
d) An example of a triple bandpass excitation filter, dichroic beamsplitter and emission filter set that can be used in a filter cube, coupled with separate emission and excitation filters to perform three‐colour fluorescence images. (els.net)
Often fluorescence signals are analysed spectroscopically, e.g. in terms of excitation or emission wavelength, fluorescence lifetime or polarisation, to provide information on the local fluorophore environment, to study interactions of biomolecules and to distinguish different contributions from complex mixtures of fluorophores- as often occur in the autofluorescence of unlabelled biological tissue. (imperial.ac.uk)
Because photobleaching, a very poorly understood phenomenon, leads to a dramatic loss of fluorescence emission intensity in most specimens, controlling the artifact is critical in order to successfully capture satisfactory images. (fsu.edu)
Time points were taken in two-minute intervals using a fluorescence filter combination with bandwidths tuned to excite the three fluorophores simultaneously while also recording the combined emission signals. (fsu.edu)
To achieve maximum fluorescence intensity, the fluorochrome is usually excited at the wavelength at the peak of the excitation curve, and the emission is selected at the peak wavelength (or other wavelengths chosen by the observer) of the emission curve. (fsu.edu)
In fluorescence microscopy , the fluorescence emission can be characterised not only by intensity and position, but also by lifetime, polarization and wavelength. (rsc.org)
Second, speckles exhibit strong intensity contrasts since naturally containing a high density of optical vortices of topological charge one 27 , such as typically used in STimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy 28 . (nature.com)
Here the cell structures are labelled with fluorescent dyes that respond with fluorescence emission upon stimulation by light of a certain wavelength. (uni-protokolle.de)
Hell SW and Wichmann J (1994) Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission: stimulated‐emission‐depletion fluorescence microscopy. (els.net)
The fluorescence emission increased quadratically with the excitation intensity so that fluorescence and photo-bleaching were confined to the vicinity of the focal plane as expected for cooperative two-photon excitation. (sciencemag.org)
Fluorescence image was taken at blue excitation light and green emission. (bruker.com)
For example, some fluorescence systems have been designed to detect the emission signal from a single molecule. (azooptics.com)

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) images of a bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell stained with fluorescent dyes for mitochondria, actin, nucleus. (news-medical.net)
Nonlinear structured illumination microscopy (nSIM) is an effective approach for super-resolution wide-field fluorescence microscopy with a theoretically unlimited resolution. (nature.com)
Typically, the fragility of dyes has never allowed recording several transverse planes in saturated-excitation structured-illumination microscopy. (nature.com)
Gustafsson MG (2000) Surpassing the lateral resolution limit by a factor of two using structured illumination microscopy. (springer.com)
Using structured illumination microscopy and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, which require high quantum yield or specialized dyes, we show that this staining method may be used to resolve the bacterial cell surface with sub-diffraction-limited resolution. (sigmaaldrich.com)

RESOLFT (reversible saturable/switchable optically linear fluorescence transition) is a generalized name for STED or SPEM. (photonics.com)

FPALM images of PA-GFP on a terraced sapphire crystal surface were compared with atomic force microscopy and show that the full width at half-maximum of features approximately 86 +/- 4 nm is significantly better than the expected diffraction-limited optical resolution. (nih.gov)
Here, we used single-molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with fluorescence microscopy to image the distribution of wall teichoic acids (WTAs) in. (wur.nl)

When a population of fluorophores is excited by an ultrashort or delta pulse of light, the time-resolved fluorescence will decay exponentially as described above. (wikipedia.org)
By labelling different proteins with fluorophores emitting at different wavelengths, spectrally-resolved fluorescence images can be used to provide information about temporal and spatial colocalisation of the different labelled proteins, which can provide insights into molecular processes. (imperial.ac.uk)
The tutorial is designed to randomly alter photobleaching rates for individual fluorophores upon reloading, so that clicking on the Shutter button repeatedly will demonstrate how the image appears as the fluorescence bleaching rate changes for each of the color signals. (fsu.edu)
Fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy (FPALM) analyzes thousands of single fluorophores per acquisition, localizing small numbers of them at a time, at low excitation intensity. (nih.gov)
The excitation of fluorophores having single-photon absorption in the ultraviolet with a stream of strongly focused subpicosecond pulses of red laser light has made possible fluorescence images of living cells and other microscopic objects. (sciencemag.org)
In super-resolution microscopy, however, fluorophores that preferentially exist in a non-fluorescent state, but occasionally re-arrange into a fluorescent form, can give better results. (epfl.ch)
Fluorophores, also called fluorochromes, are generally present in samples that have been studied with fluorescence. (azooptics.com)

Notes: SSIM is also referred to as SPEM (saturated pattern excitation microscopy). (photonics.com)

Recently, different methods have been reported to overcome this limit, among them stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). (uni-protokolle.de)

With fluorescence microscopy one is able to determine localization/co-localization as well as mean intensity of a molecule of interest and with some advancements in the techniques structural analysis on a nanoscale is now possible. (sun.ac.za)
Johnson TL, Sikora AE, Zielke RA, Sandkvist M (2013) Fluorescence microscopy and proteomics to investigate subcellular localization, assembly, and function of the type II secretion system. (springer.com)
Protein Localization by Fluorescence Light Microscopy: A Practical Approach has something to offer all microscopists, giving a solid grounding to the novice whilst extending the range of the experienced user. (waterstones.com)
Goedhart & Gadella (2009) show methods of microscopy that quantify the localization, conformation and activity of key signalling proteins in living cells. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
Nanoscopy allow us observe structures with 2-3x higher resolution with SIM and up to 5 nm with localization microscopy. (cuni.cz)
Fluorescence microscopy even allows users to determine the distribution of a single molecule species, its amount and its localization inside a cell. (leica-microsystems.com)
See how single molecule localization microscopy can be used to image chromosomal regions and visualize chromosomal structure. (bruker.com)
Single molecule localization microscopy allows for the direct investigation of the molecular positions and distribution of proteins within the cellular environment, creating data sets that can be analyzed conveniently through numerous statistical analysis methods. (bruker.com)

Fluorescence lifetime depends on the local micro-environment of the fluorophore, thus precluding any erroneous measurements in fluorescence intensity due to change in brightness of the light source, background light intensity or limited photo-bleaching. (wikipedia.org)
This technology allows for the rapid and concurrent measurement of the physical and fluorescent parameters of 0.5-50µm particles, as they pass through a laser beam, giving information about the relative size, internal complexity and fluorescence intensity of the particles or cells of interest. (sun.ac.za)
As in fluorescence microscopy, the information in different areas of a scene is not encoded in absolute intensity differences, but in relative differences compared to the local brightness. (nature.com)
Fluorescence contrast under saturated excitation is ensured by the inherent high density of intensity minima associated with optical vortices in polarized speckle patterns. (nature.com)
The rate of photobleaching is controlled by the intensity of the laser used to excite the fluorescence, in this case an Ar+ ion laser. (nih.gov)
They derived a relationship between the observed fluorescence intensity and the distance of the fluorophore from a reflective silicon surface. (wikipedia.org)

Laboratories should be more aware of the advantages of using fluorescence microscopy. (who.int)

Researchers and product developers are now able to implement our new procedure in quantitative wide-field fluorescence microscopy . (nist.gov)

The global fluorescence microscopy market should reach $768.4 million by 2023 from $547.8 million in 2018 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.0% for the period of 2018 to 2023. (bccresearch.com)
The scope of this report covers the global fluorescence microscopy market for various end-user application industries. (bccresearch.com)
Further, it explains the major drivers, regional dynamics of the global fluorescence microscopy market and current trends within the industry. (bccresearch.com)
The report covers hardware revenue of companies active in the global fluorescence microscopy market. (bccresearch.com)
The report begins with an introduction to the evolving global fluorescence microscopy market and the various factors which impact the market. (bccresearch.com)

Vahid Sandoghdar and his colleagues have been working on alternative methods to increase the performance of high-resolution fluorescence microscopy for several years now − with considerable success, as the Erlangen physicist reports: "Our new approach allows us to display structures that are separated by a distance of less than five angstroms, i.e. half a nanometre. (mpg.de)

Fluorescence microscopy can be combined with contrast enhancing techniques such as DIC illumination to minimize the effects of photobleaching by locating a specific area of interest in a specimen using DIC . (fsu.edu)
To minimize photobleaching, fluorescence microscopy can be combined with phase contrast illumination. (fsu.edu)
b) In a FRAP experiment, a region is photobleached and the fluorescence recovery is measured to generate curves like what is shown in (c). (c) Before photobleaching, the fluorescence is 100%, and the immediate recovery of fluorescence over the first 20 s shows the reassociation of proteins with the bleached structure. (els.net)
This interactive tutorial explores variations in photobleaching rates in single, dual, and multiply labeled fluorescence specimens. (fsu.edu)
d ) Rate and efficiency of PAmCherry1 photoactivation at different physiological pH values, normalized to the fluorescence intensities at the respective pH (data shown in c ). ( e,f ) Photoactivation ( e ) and photobleaching ( f ) kinetics for the indicated proteins using arc lamp illumination through ×60 oil objective with 390/40 nm ( e ) and 570/30 nm ( f ) filters. (nih.gov)
is something called fluorescence recovery after photobleaching called FRAP. (coursera.org)
This webinar focuses on light-sheet microscopy, in particular Luxendo's InVi-SPIM, and how this technique is less susceptible to phototoxicity and photobleaching experienced by traditional confocal microscopy techniques. (bruker.com)

Alexander Jablonski (1898-1980) - Born in the Ukraine in 1898, Alexander Jablonski is best known as the father of fluorescence spectroscopy. (fsu.edu)
Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy. (currentprotocols.com)
Fluorescence Spectroscopy: An Introduction for Biology and Medicine. (currentprotocols.com)
Nanosecond fluorescence spectroscopy of macromolecules. (currentprotocols.com)
Dispersion-relation fluorescence spectroscopy of mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF): a) fluorescence image showing a cell whose actin was labeled with GFP. (phys.org)
It provides more information than existing methods, such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), which is widely used for studying molecular transport and diffusion coefficients at a fixed spatial scale. (phys.org)
Popescu said the multiplicity of scales the method offers over techniques like fluorescence correlated spectroscopy is key. (phys.org)

Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool combining the techniques of laser scanning microscopy with long wavelength multiphoton fluorescence excitation to capture high-resolution and 3-D images of specimens. (fsu.edu)
Because fluorescence consists of photons at a longer wavelength than the excitation radiation, the fluorescence signal can be easily separated from the excitation light using a beamsplitter and/or filters. (imperial.ac.uk)
The technique of dual-wavelength ratio fluorescence microscopy provides a powerful tool to measure organellar pH. (omicsonline.org)

a) In a primary immunofluorescence assay, an antibody that is directly conjugated to a fluorophore recognises its antigen, and its position is directly detected by fluorescence microscopy. (els.net)
Lowest fluorophore concentrations - There is an ongoing drive in fluorescence microscopy to push to lower and lower fluorophore concentrations in order not to perturb the physiology of the living cells being studied. (environmental-expert.com)
Three-photon excitation fluorescence axial images are shown of polystyrene beads stained with the fluorophore 2,5-bis(4-biphenyl)oxazole (BBO). (spiedigitallibrary.org)
Fluorescence microscopy utilizing multiple low-energy photons to produce the excitation event of the fluorophore. (jove.com)

Fluorescence microscopy has enjoyed a renaissance over the last decade, partly driven by advances in light source and detector technologies and partly due to advances in labelling technologies such as fluorescent proteins that can tag specific proteins of interest using genetic engineering. (imperial.ac.uk)
The reliance of modern microscopy techniques on photoactivatable fluorescent proteins prompted development of mCherry variants that are initially dark but become red fluorescent after violet-light irradiation. (nih.gov)
b ) Maturation kinetics for the indicated proteins at 37 °C. ( c ) Equilibrium pH dependence for the red fluorescence of the indicated proteins. (nih.gov)
In this report, we describe a technology for tracking and mapping proteins by multiscale microscopy. (pnas.org)
There are various genetically encoded tags, such as fluorescent proteins, developed for fluorescence microscopy (FM). (pnas.org)
However, there are almost no genetically encoded tags that enable cellular proteins to be observed by both FM and electron microscopy (EM). (pnas.org)
Supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy (SAF) is a technique to detect and characterize fluorescent species (proteins, biomolecules, pharmaceuticals, etc.) and their behaviour close or even adsorbed or linked at surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
We have developed and applied a method unifying fluorescence microscopy and mass spectrometry for studying spatial and temporal properties of proteins and protein complexes in yeast cells. (mcponline.org)
Fluorescent proteins have become invaluable probes for studying molecular processes in living cells with light microscopy techniques ( 1 - 3 ). (mcponline.org)

Super-resolution (SR) fluorescence microscopy encompasses a variety of techniques that can exceed the diffraction limit - the point at which molecular nanostructures can be distinguished from one another. (news-medical.net)
The reported performance of diffraction-unlimited fluorescence microscopy opens up a pathway for addressing fundamental problems in the life sciences. (pnas.org)
The fluorescence collected during the 15,000 frames is shown in a and represents a diffraction-limited TIRF microscopy image. (nih.gov)
Here, we present a compressed sensing approach that allows 3D sub-diffraction nSIM of cultured cells by saturating fluorescence excitation. (nature.com)
A fraction of the immobilized polymers is in a clustered or entangled state, which we identify based on diffraction limited fluorescence images. (tue.nl)
Image past the so-called diffraction limit of normal fluorescence microscopy. (coursera.org)

Using an aspheric lens for excitation of a sample with laser light, fluorescence emitted by the specimen is collected above the critical angle of total internal reflection selectively and directed by a parabolic optics onto a detector. (wikipedia.org)

In this interview from SfN 2018, Michelle Gal explains the fluorescence illumination systems for fluorescence microscopy, offered by Excelitas technologies. (news-medical.net)
Revenue forecasts from 2018 to 2023 are given for each fluorescence microscopy segment, and regional market with estimated values derived from the manufacturers' total revenues. (bccresearch.com)
Revenue forecasts from 2018 to 2023 are given for each fluorescence microscopy segment. (bccresearch.com)

The range of available wavelengths for fluorescence excitation has expanded and leads to new combinations when customizing the Colibri.2 for different applications. (nanowerk.com)

Confocal microscopy offers the ability to control depth of field, elimination or reduction of background information away from the focal plane, and the capability to collect serial optical sections from thick specimens. (fsu.edu)
Researchers have developed a technique that enables visualization of cellular organelles at a resolution that has not previously been achievable in optical microscopy. (news-medical.net)
Such fields include scanned beam fluorescence microscopy, scanned beam microlithography, nanofabrication, and optical digital information storage and retrieval. (google.com)
Its advantages are based upon attributes not as readily available in other optical microscopy techniques. (fsu.edu)
Scientists at Heidelberg Universitys Institute of Physical Chemistry and members of the Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks have devised a new method in which light-dependent processes are replaced by chemical reactions to mark cellular structures for high-resolution optical microscopy. (uni-protokolle.de)
In: Masters BR and So PTC (eds) Handbook of Biomedical Nonlinear Optical Microscopy, pp. 191-216. (els.net)
We therefore correlate AFM and fluorescence microscopy to couple nanoscale morphological information to far-field optical images. (tue.nl)
J. Enderlein, T. Ruckstuhl, S. Seeger: Highly Efficient Optical Detection of Surface-Generated Fluorescence. (wikipedia.org)
The appendices provide a quick reference to optical theory, microscopy-related formulas and definitions, and Fourier theory. (spie.org)
Its unique feature is that it combines optical techniques -- which are noninvasive, and can be used inside (intact) watery structures -- with high resolution 3D microscopy. (spie.org)
The goal of this course was to introduce students with a biology background to some of the fundamental concepts of image formation in confocal fluorescence microscopy and to make them aware of experiment related issues, such as optical aberrations, bleaching, point spread function measurement and digitization. (spie.org)
In addition to this, the text was used to compile, over the years, optical formulas and relations that are used in microscopy related from a multitude of sources. (spie.org)
In this way the book also serves as a quick reference to optical theory in general and its application to confocal fluorescence microscopy in particular. (spie.org)
The focus was on developments in quantitative optical microscopy techniques, which are revolutionizing research in the biological sciences today. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
Glossary of Related Terminology with Page References to the Handbook of Optical Filters for Fluorescence Microscopy. (currentprotocols.com)
Handbook of Optical Filters for Fluorescence Microscopy. (currentprotocols.com)
WITec is a manufacturer of high-resolution optical & scanning probe microscopy solutions for scientific and industrial applications. (spectroscopyeurope.com)
Dr. Packer will review his recent work in which he utilized a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) interfaced to a multiphoton microscopy system in order to simultaneously use optical stimulation and optical recording to study neural networks. (bruker.com)

A Shuttle and Find plugin, which allows for correlative light and electron microscopy ( CLEM ) with our Electron Microscopy Unit. (sun.ac.za)
Traditionally, biologists have been confined to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy (LM) in order to correlate biochemical and molecular data with morphology. (springer.com)
Electron microscopy (EM) provides fine ultrastructural detail but is limited to the study of cellular structures that react with electron-dense stains deposited in fixed specimens. (springer.com)
Artifacts in Biological Electron Microscopy (R.F.E. Crang and K.L. Klomparns, eds. (springer.com)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a critical technique for providing information regarding the organization of cellular and magnetite structures in these microorganisms. (osti.gov)

There are microscopic techniques that do not depend on fluorescent probes, but have alternative contrast mechanisms, that is, coherent anti‐Stokes Raman microscopy and second‐harmonic generation microscopy. (els.net)

The featured resource is provided as a guide and reference tool for visitors who are exploring the large spectrum of specialized topics in fluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy. (fsu.edu)
The basics of wide-field microscopy are outlined to emphasize the selection, advantages, and correct use of laser scanning confocal microscopy, two-photon microscopy, scanning disk confocal microscopy, total internal reflection, and super-resolution microscopy. (open.ac.uk)

The absorption and subsequent re-radiation of light by organic and inorganic specimens is mainly the result of either fluorescence or phosphorescence. (bccresearch.com)
Cervical biopsy specimens of colposcopically normal and abnormal tissues obtained from 15 patients were evaluated by confocal fluorescence microscopy. (spie.org)
In this presentation, we will focus on the applications of multiphoton microscopy to skin specimens in different physiological states. (spie.org)

Unlike other forms of microscopy that utilise reflected or scattered light, this means that very weak fluorescence signals - down to a single photon - can be detected. (imperial.ac.uk)
Denk W, Strickler JH and Webb WW (1990) Two‐photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. (els.net)
We show experiments proving the feasibility of scanning fluorescence microscopy by three-photon excitation. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
Two-color two-photon fluorescence laser scanning microscopy. (biomedsearch.com)
Fluorescence is induced by two-color two-photon absorption using the fundamental and the second harmonic of a Ti:Sa femtosecond laser. (biomedsearch.com)
Jablonski diagrams showing the difference between linear fluorescence (left) and two-photon excitation (right). (azooptics.com)
This non-linear fluorescence response has found application in two-photon and multi-photon fluorescence microscopy systems. (azooptics.com)

Prior to the development of SR microscopy techniques, conventional wide-field microscopy was unable to distinguish nanostructures that were smaller than 200 nm. (news-medical.net)
Conventional fluorescence microscopy uses a lens to focus a beam of light onto a spot. (photonics.com)
The super-resolution techniques allow the observation of many biological structures not resolvable in conventional fluorescence microscopy. (hindawi.com)

Epi-fluorescence, or incident light fluorescence, has now become the method of choice in many applications and comprises a large part of this tutorial. (fsu.edu)
The featured discussion is intended to aid in understanding the basics of light detection and to provide a guide for selecting a suitable detector for specific applications in fluorescence microscopy. (fsu.edu)
The Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts is offering the first (of an anticipated annual) light-sheet fluorescence microscopy conference and workshop. (mbl.edu)
The Virtual Conference (May 9-11, 2021) will bring together innovators in microscopy from academic institutes, industry, and federal laboratories to share and brainstorm the latest developments taking place in light-sheet research and its biological applications. (mbl.edu)
In light of this, an ideal representation of fluorescence microscopy images would share the features of adaptation and local gain control with the human visual system. (nature.com)
The fluorescence image is formed by the action of the two lenses, known as the objective lens, which captures the light from the sample, and the tube lens that forms a real image at the camera. (imperial.ac.uk)
a ) Cells expressing TfR-PAmCherry1 were subjected to low-level 405-nm laser photoactivation, and we simultaneously collected 561-nm-laser-light-excited PAmCherry1 single-molecule fluorescence. (nih.gov)
Physical limits in high-resolution light microscopy can be overcome with the aid of chemical reactions. (uni-protokolle.de)
According to Dr. Herten, it means that microscopy methods like STORM can be simplified to such an extent that additional laser lines and high light intensities become superfluous. (uni-protokolle.de)
Brumberg EM (1959) Fluorescence microscopy of biological objects using light from above. (els.net)
A camera that measures meter ranges with centimetre precision using the speed of light as a ruler is capable of measuring nanosecond times with tens or hundreds of picoseconds precision, exactly what we do routinely in fluorescence lifetime sensing. (mdpi.com)
Light microscopy continues to reveal the microscopic world at an ever increasing resolution. (mpg.de)
Examination of the final film surfaces with regular light microscopy and AFM gives additional information about the film formation.These methods have been used for studying the formation of negatively charged latex films. (diva-portal.org)
Biological structures span many orders of magnitude in size, but far-field visible light microscopy suffers from limited resolution. (nih.gov)
Common bright field microscopy, standard on most nanomechanical test instruments, utilizes broad-spectrum reflected light to image the sample surface and cannot readily distinguish testing regions of interest on complex inhomogeneous materials. (bruker.com)
The contents of this book started out as material for a text that I wrote for the Ph.D. course Confocal Light Microscopy: Fundamentals and Biological Applications, which was first given by me in 1996 at the University of Amsterdam. (spie.org)
An important factor in fluorescence applications is the use of low light emissions, to reduce the risk of photo bleaching the sample. (baslerweb.com)
Even the Basler Microscopy Software has released its 2.0 version: the graphical user interface can be switched to dark skin mode to reduce the light emissions from the display towards the sample. (baslerweb.com)
This is the first title on the topic designed specifically to allow students and researchers with little background in physics to understand both microscopy basics and novel light microscopy techniques. (researchandmarkets.com)
Light and Video Microscopy. (researchandmarkets.com)
Bright-field microscopy relies on the differences in absorption of light due to differences in densities between various parts of the sample, which for our purposes is a cell. (thermofisher.com)
Rotating fluorescence light microscopy footage of a cross-section through papillae in tissue from a tongue. (sciencephoto.com)
Rotating fluorescence light microscopy footage of skeletal muscle tissue from a tongue. (sciencephoto.com)

Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 2nd ed. (currentprotocols.com)

In comparison to wide-field microscopy, the resulting image has a two-fold improvement in resolution. (news-medical.net)
Lumenera's Fluorescence Series cameras are fully integrated into Image-Pro Premier software with a custom Capture Interface, which gives fluorescence microscopy customers complete access to maximum frame rates, live image adjustments, and all the benefits available from INFINITY cameras. (prweb.com)
b) An example of a fluorescence image that combines indirect immunofluorescence (a mouse antibody that detects tubulin and a rhodamine‐labelled anti‐mouse secondary that detects the primary antibody), a GFP‐tagged protein and DAPI staining of DNA to label chromosomes (scale bar, 5 µm). (els.net)
The tutorial initializes with a pair of identical fluorescence images appearing in the Unbleached Image and Photobleached Image windows. (fsu.edu)
Single-particle tracking is powerful in measuring particle motion from video-microscopy image sequences [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
left) Fluorescence image of a mouse femur cross-section injected with calcein fluorochrome to monitor tissue age. (bruker.com)
Notice the rings marked with calcein fluorochrome cannot be identified using bright-field image microscopy. (bruker.com)
The first five chapters cover the main aspects of confocal fluorescence microscopy: image formation, practical limitations, fluorescence, laser operation, and digitization. (spie.org)
In microscopy, we refer to the details visible in a magnified image as resolution . (thermofisher.com)
An image of the same field of BPAE cells captured using brightfield (left) and fluorescence (right) microscopy. (thermofisher.com)
In confocal fluorescence correlation microscopy (FCM) it is important to ensure that the correlation measurement is actually performed at the chosen location of the three-dimensional image of the specimen. (osapublishing.org)
We present a confocal FCM design that provides an automatic real-time readout of the location in the confocal microscopic image, which is aligned with the detector of the fluorescence correlation spectrometer. (osapublishing.org)

1989. Fluorescence Microscopy of Living Cells in Culture, parts A and B. Methods Cell Biol. (currentprotocols.com)

Fluorescence microscopy is almost as simple to do as bright-field microscopy, and most often it is more specific. (who.int)
Because of this, bright-field microscopy is not great when you want to see many details in your cell. (thermofisher.com)

The nuclei were stained with Sytox Green (green fluorescence), while the mucus of goblet cells and the filamentous actin in the brush border were stained with Alexa Fluor 350 wheat germ agglutinin (blue fluorescence) and Alexa Fluor 568 phalloidin (red fluorescence), respectively. (fsu.edu)
The green fluorescence shows the neurons and the magenta areas are the nuclei of the cells. (nih.gov)
The blue fluorescence shows the edges of the cells. (nih.gov)
First measurements of living MIN-6 cells reveal differences between the UV fluorescence lifetimes of the nucleus and cytoplasm. (biomedsearch.com)
Fluorescence microscopy gives you the advantage of better resolution by making various structures in the cells contrast better with their neighbors, as well as allowing you to collect images in more than one color. (thermofisher.com)
about the instrumentation that you need to do fluorescence microscopy in live cells. (coursera.org)
Phys.org)-The ability of fluorescence microscopy to study labeled structures like cells has now been empowered to deliver greater spatial and temporal resolutions that were not possible before, thanks to a new method developed by University of Illinois researcher Gabriel Popescu and Ru Wang from his lab. (phys.org)
Yet when using fluoresence microscopy only the colonies transfected with the GOI-EGFP-vector show GFP-fluorescence, while none of the EGFP-transfected HEK293 cells seem to exhibit GFP-fluorescence. (protocol-online.org)
If that matters: Cells are put on slides using cytospin centrifugation for fluorescence microscopy. (protocol-online.org)
Our results indicate that this approach combining fluorescence microscopy and mass spectrometry into a single method provides a unique perspective into molecular mechanisms regulating composition and dynamic properties of the protein complexes in living cells. (mcponline.org)

Capture fine details of a variety of cellular and subcellular assays with this powerful and flexible fluorescent microscopy solution. (moleculardevices.com)

Anatomy23

Organisms9

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs78

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment79

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture12

Information Science8

Health Care4

Association of snRNA genes with coiled bodies is mediated by nascent snRNA transcripts. (1/23915)

Deletion analysis of the Drosophila Inscuteable protein reveals domains for cortical localization and asymmetric localization. (2/23915)

Evidence for F-actin-dependent and -independent mechanisms involved in assembly and stability of the medial actomyosin ring in fission yeast. (3/23915)

Deletion of a region that is a candidate for the difference between the deletion forms of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin and deltabeta-thalassemia affects beta- but not gamma-globin gene expression. (4/23915)

The disulfide-bonded loop of chromogranin B mediates membrane binding and directs sorting from the trans-Golgi network to secretory granules. (5/23915)

Optical mapping of Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 2. (6/23915)

Inducible long-term gene expression in brain with adeno-associated virus gene transfer. (7/23915)

Transcriptional regulation and induction of apoptosis: implications for the use of monomeric p53 variants in gene therapy. (8/23915)

Fluorescence

Spectrometry, Fluorescence

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Microscopy

Microscopy, Electron

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Microscopy, Confocal

Fluorescence Polarization

In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence

Fluorescent Dyes

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton

Microscopy, Atomic Force

Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

Microscopy, Immunoelectron

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Luminescent Proteins

Cryoelectron Microscopy

Microscopy, Video

Rhodamines

Kinetics

Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling

Microscopy, Polarization

Microscopy, Interference

Tryptophan

Energy Transfer

Fluoresceins

Photons

Carbocyanines

Staining and Labeling

Cell Membrane

Microscopy, Phase-Contrast

Protein Binding

Photobleaching

Optical Imaging

Protein Conformation

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission

Time Factors

Fluorometry

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Molecular Sequence Data

Lasers

Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate

Microscopy, Scanning Probe

Fluorescein

Cells, Cultured

Cell Line

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Circular Dichroism

Diffusion

Temperature

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Calcium

Models, Molecular

Molecular Imaging

Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates

Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay

2-Naphthylamine

Binding Sites

Amino Acid Sequence

Light

Biophysics

Rabbits

Liposomes

Flow Cytometry

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Chlorophyll

Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission

Actins

Biophysical Phenomena

Cattle

Sensitivity and Specificity

Surface Properties

Immunohistochemistry

Cytoplasm

DNA

Photochemistry

Models, Biological

Acrylamide