Microscopy electron transmission. Medical search

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.

The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens. When transmission is within the same species, the mode can be horizontal or vertical (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).

A type of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY in which the object is examined directly by an extremely narrow electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point and using the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen to create the image. It should not be confused with SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a probe systematically rides across the surface of a sample being scanned in a raster pattern. The vertical position is recorded as a spring attached to the probe rises and falls in response to peaks and valleys on the surface. These deflections produce a topographic map of the sample.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Electron microscopy involving rapid freezing of the samples. The imaging of frozen-hydrated molecules and organelles permits the best possible resolution closest to the living state, free of chemical fixatives or stains.

A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.

Fluorescence microscopy utilizing multiple low-energy photons to produce the excitation event of the fluorophore. Multiphoton microscopes have a simplified optical path in the emission side due to the lack of an emission pinhole, which is necessary with normal confocal microscopes. Ultimately this allows spatial isolation of the excitation event, enabling deeper imaging into optically thick tissue, while restricting photobleaching and phototoxicity to the area being imaged.

A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a very sharp conducting needle is swept just a few angstroms above the surface of a sample. The tiny tunneling current that flows between the sample and the needle tip is measured, and from this are produced three-dimensional topographs. Due to the poor electron conductivity of most biological samples, thin metal coatings are deposited on the sample.

A form of interference microscopy in which variations of the refracting index in the object are converted into variations of intensity in the image. This is achieved by the action of a phase plate.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.

Identification and measurement of ELEMENTS and their location based on the fact that X-RAYS emitted by an element excited by an electron beam have a wavelength characteristic of that element and an intensity related to its concentration. It is performed with an electron microscope fitted with an x-ray spectrometer, in scanning or transmission mode.

Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.

The science and application of a double-beam transmission interference microscope in which the illuminating light beam is split into two paths. One beam passes through the specimen while the other beam reflects off a reference mirror before joining and interfering with the other. The observed optical path difference between the two beams can be measured and used to discriminate minute differences in thickness and refraction of non-stained transparent specimens, such as living cells in culture.

Microscopy using polarized light in which phenomena due to the preferential orientation of optical properties with respect to the vibration plane of the polarized light are made visible and correlated parameters are made measurable.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Scanning microscopy in which a very sharp probe is employed in close proximity to a surface, exploiting a particular surface-related property. When this property is local topography, the method is atomic force microscopy (MICROSCOPY, ATOMIC FORCE), and when it is local conductivity, the method is scanning tunneling microscopy (MICROSCOPY, SCANNING TUNNELING).

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Depolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during neurotransmission. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials can singly or in summation reach the trigger threshold for ACTION POTENTIALS.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A multisubunit enzyme complex containing CYTOCHROME A GROUP; CYTOCHROME A3; two copper atoms; and 13 different protein subunits. It is the terminal oxidase complex of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN and collects electrons that are transferred from the reduced CYTOCHROME C GROUP and donates them to molecular OXYGEN, which is then reduced to water. The redox reaction is simultaneously coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

An analytical transmission electron microscopy method using an electron microscope fitted with an energy filtering lens. The method is based on the principle that some of the ELECTRONS passing through the specimen will lose energy when they ionize inner shell electrons of the atoms in the specimen. The amount of energy loss is dependent upon the element. Analysis of the energy loss spectrum (ELECTRON ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY) reveals the elemental composition of a specimen. It is used analytically and quantitatively to determine which, how much of, and where specific ELEMENTS are in a sample. For example, it is used for elemental mapping of PHOSPHORUS to trace the strands of NUCLEIC ACIDS in nucleoprotein complexes.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Relating to the size of solids.

Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A multisubunit enzyme complex that contains CYTOCHROME B GROUP; CYTOCHROME C1; and iron-sulfur centers. It catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol to UBIQUINONE, and transfers the electrons to CYTOCHROME C. In MITOCHONDRIA the redox reaction is coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.

The technique of washing tissue specimens with a concentrated solution of a heavy metal salt and letting it dry. The specimen will be covered with a very thin layer of the metal salt, being excluded in areas where an adsorbed macromolecule is present. The macromolecules allow electrons from the beam of an electron microscope to pass much more readily than the heavy metal; thus, a reversed or negative image of the molecule is created.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The distal terminations of axons which are specialized for the release of neurotransmitters. Also included are varicosities along the course of axons which have similar specializations and also release transmitters. Presynaptic terminals in both the central and peripheral nervous systems are included.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The technique of using a microtome to cut thin or ultrathin sections of tissues embedded in a supporting substance. The microtome is an instrument that hold a steel, glass or diamond knife in clamps at an angle to the blocks of prepared tissues, which it cuts in sections of equal thickness.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A scientific tool based on ULTRASONOGRAPHY and used not only for the observation of microstructure in metalwork but also in living tissue. In biomedical application, the acoustic propagation speed in normal and abnormal tissues can be quantified to distinguish their tissue elasticity and other properties.

Methods of preparing tissue for examination and study of the origin, structure, function, or pathology.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.

The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

An infant during the first month after birth.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from health professional or health care worker to patients. It includes transmission via direct or indirect exposure to bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or viral agents.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A replica technique in which cells are frozen to a very low temperature and cracked with a knife blade to expose the interior surfaces of the cells or cell membranes. The cracked cell surfaces are then freeze-dried to expose their constituents. The surfaces are now ready for shadowing to be viewed using an electron microscope. This method differs from freeze-fracturing in that no cryoprotectant is used and, thus, allows for the sublimation of water during the freeze-drying process to etch the surfaces.

Bites and stings inflicted by insects.

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

An organization of cells into an organ-like structure. Organoids can be generated in culture. They are also found in certain neoplasms.

The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

Specific particles of membrane-bound organized living substances present in eukaryotic cells, such as the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

An area showing altered staining behavior in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a virus-infected cell. Some inclusion bodies represent "virus factories" in which viral nucleic acid or protein is being synthesized; others are merely artifacts of fixation and staining. One example, Negri bodies, are found in the cytoplasm or processes of nerve cells in animals that have died from rabies.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The technique of placing cells or tissue in a supporting medium so that thin sections can be cut using a microtome. The medium can be paraffin wax (PARAFFIN EMBEDDING) or plastics (PLASTIC EMBEDDING) such as epoxy resins.

The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Identification of those persons (or animals) who have had such an association with an infected person, animal, or contaminated environment as to have had the opportunity to acquire the infection. Contact tracing is a generally accepted method for the control of sexually transmitted diseases.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A complex of enzymes and PROTON PUMPS located on the inner membrane of the MITOCHONDRIA and in bacterial membranes. The protein complex provides energy in the form of an electrochemical gradient, which may be used by either MITOCHONDRIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES or BACTERIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES.

A tissue preparation technique that involves the injecting of plastic (acrylates) into blood vessels or other hollow viscera and treating the tissue with a caustic substance. This results in a negative copy or a solid replica of the enclosed space of the tissue that is ready for viewing under a scanning electron microscope.

A modification of the freeze-drying method in which the ice within the frozen tissue is replaced by alcohol or other solvent at a very low temperature.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from patients to health professionals or health care workers. It includes transmission via direct or indirect exposure to bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or viral agents.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

The diversion of RADIATION (thermal, electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result of interactions or collisions with atoms, molecules, or larger particles in the atmosphere or other media. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.

A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Materials which have structured components with at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. These include NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; and NANOWIRES.

The study of PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and PHYSICAL PROCESSES as applied to living things.

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

A group of cytochromes with covalent thioether linkages between either or both of the vinyl side chains of protoheme and the protein. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539)

A flavoprotein and iron sulfur-containing oxidoreductase complex that catalyzes the conversion of UBIQUINONE to ubiquinol. In MITOCHONDRIA the complex also couples its reaction to the transport of PROTONS across the internal mitochondrial membrane. The NADH DEHYDROGENASE component of the complex can be isolated and is listed as EC 1.6.99.3.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Tungsten hydroxide oxide phosphate. A white or slightly yellowish-green, slightly efflorescent crystal or crystalline powder. It is used as a reagent for alkaloids and many other nitrogen bases, for phenols, albumin, peptone, amino acids, uric acid, urea, blood, and carbohydrates. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

A generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (e.g., lead or viruses) or metabolically inactive materials (e.g., ceroid or MALLORY BODIES), within the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell. Inclusion bodies are in cells infected with certain filtrable viruses, observed especially in nerve, epithelial, or endothelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Discrete concentrations of energy, apparently massless elementary particles, that move at the speed of light. They are the unit or quantum of electromagnetic radiation. Photons are emitted when electrons move from one energy state to another. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

The technique of using a cryostat or freezing microtome, in which the temperature is regulated to -20 degrees Celsius, to cut ultrathin frozen sections for microscopic (usually, electron microscopic) examination.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

Protein complexes that take part in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS. They are located within the THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of plant CHLOROPLASTS and a variety of structures in more primitive organisms. There are two major complexes involved in the photosynthetic process called PHOTOSYSTEM I and PHOTOSYSTEM II.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.

One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

Osmium. A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.

Hemeproteins whose characteristic mode of action involves transfer of reducing equivalents which are associated with a reversible change in oxidation state of the prosthetic group. Formally, this redox change involves a single-electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539). The various cytochrome subclasses are organized by the type of HEME and by the wavelength range of their reduced alpha-absorption bands.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

A family (Aphididae) of small insects, in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, that suck the juices of plants. Important genera include Schizaphis and Myzus. The latter is known to carry more than 100 virus diseases between plants.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

Molecules which contain an atom or a group of atoms exhibiting an unpaired electron spin that can be detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and can be bonded to another molecule. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.

A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

Listeria species escape from the phagosomes of interleukin-4-deactivated human macrophages independent of listeriolysin. (1/6740)

Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of infections like sepsis and meningitis, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Human macrophages are able to phagocytose and digest L. monocytogenes but IL-4 prevents human macrophages from killing the bacteria, the mechanisms of which are unknown. In the present study, we examined various listeria species and strains including wild-type and deletion mutants in human macrophages pretreated with IL-4. To analyse the IL-4-mediated deactivation process, we combined quantitative infection assays with various morphologic methods. IL-4 facilitates survival and escape of the pathogenic L. monocytogenes wild-type strain 10403S from the macrophage phagosomes. In untreated macrophages, the isogenic listeriolysin deletion mutant strain DP-L2161 was killed and did not escape from the phagolysosomes. However, after macrophage deactivation with IL-4 DP-L2161 survived and escaped from the phagosomes. This was also the case, but to a lesser extent, even for the naturally avirulent L. innocua. As detected by confocal laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy, IL-4 permitted the escape of all listeria species tested, including DP-L2161 and L. innocua from the phagosomal compartment of the macrophages. We conclude that escape from the phagosome and survival of the listeria species tested in IL-4-deactivated human macrophages is independent of the virulence factor listeriolysin. (+info)

Mapping key functional sites within yeast TFIID. (2/6740)

The transcription factor TFIID, composed of the TATA box-binding protein (TBP) and 14 TBP-associated factors (TAFs), plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression by RNA polymerase II. The structure of yeast TFIID, as determined by electron microscopy and digital image analysis, is formed by three lobes, labelled A-C, connected by thin linking domains. Immunomapping revealed that TFIID contains two copies of the WD-40 repeat-containing TAF5 and that TAF5 contributes to the linkers since its C- and N-termini were found in different lobes. This property was confirmed by the finding that a recombinant complex containing TAF5 complexed with six histone fold containing TAFs was able to form a trilobed structure. Moreover, the N-terminal domain of TAF1 was mapped in lobe C, whereas the histone acetyltransferase domain resides in lobe A along with TAF7. TBP was found in the linker domain between lobes A and C in a way that the N-terminal 100 residues of TAF1 are spanned over it. The implications of these data with regard to TFIID function are discussed. (+info)

Constitutive versus regulated SNARE assembly: a structural basis. (3/6740)

SNARE complex formation is essential for intracellular membrane fusion. Vesicle-associated (v-) SNARE intertwines with target membrane (t-) SNARE to form a coiled coil that bridges two membranes and facilitates fusion. For the SNARE family involved in neuronal communications, complex formation is tightly regulated by the v-SNARE-membrane interactions. However, it was found using EPR that complex formation is spontaneous for a different SNARE family that is involved in protein trafficking in yeast. Further, reconstituted yeast SNAREs promoted membrane fusion, different from the inhibited fusion for reconstituted neuronal SNAREs. The EPR structural analysis showed that none of the coiled-coil residues of yeast v-SNARE is buried in the hydrophobic layer of the membrane, making the entire coiled-coil motif accessible, again different from the deep insertion of the membrane-proximal region of neuronal v-SNARE into the bilayer. Importantly, yeast membrane fusion is constitutively active, while synaptic membrane fusion is regulated, consistent with the present results for two SNARE families. Thus, the v-SNARE-membrane interaction may be a major molecular determinant for regulated versus constitutive membrane fusion in cells. (+info)

A differential role for actin during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei. (4/6740)

Actin is expressed at similar levels but in different locations in bloodstream and procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei. In bloodstream forms actin colocalizes with the highly polarized endocytic pathway, whereas in procyclic forms it is distributed throughout the cell. RNA interference demonstrated that in bloodstream forms, actin is an essential protein. Depletion of actin resulted in a rapid arrest of cell division, termination of vesicular traffic from the flagellar pocket membrane leading to gross enlargement of the pocket, loss of endocytic activity and eventually cell death. These results indicate that actin is required for the formation of coated vesicles from the flagellar pocket membrane, which is the first step in the endocytic pathway. Although loss of actin in procyclic cells did not affect growth, the trans region of the Golgi became distorted and enlarged and appeared to give rise to a heterogeneous population of vesicles. However, the flagellar pocket was not affected. These findings suggest that trypanosomes have different functional requirements for actin during the bloodstream and procyclic phases of the life cycle. (+info)

A lysosomal tetraspanin associated with retinal degeneration identified via a genome-wide screen. (5/6740)

The Drosophila visual system has provided a model to study phototransduction and retinal degeneration. To identify new candidate proteins that contribute to these processes, we conducted a genome-wide screen for genes expressed predominately in the eye, using DNA microarrays. This screen appeared to be comprehensive as it led to the identification of all 22 eye-enriched genes previously shown to function in phototransduction or implicated in retinal degeneration. In addition, we identified 93 eye-enriched genes whose roles have not been previously defined. One of the eye-enriched genes encoded a member of a large family of transmembrane proteins, referred to as tetraspanins. We created a null mutation in the eye-enriched tetraspanin, Sunglasses (Sun), which resulted in light-induced retinal degeneration. We found that the Sun protein was distributed primarily in lysosomes, and functioned in a long-known but poorly understood phenomenon of light-induced degradation of rhodopsin. We propose that lysosomal tetraspanins in mammalian cells may also function in the downregulation of rhodopsin and other G-protein-coupled receptors, in response to intense or prolonged agonist stimulation. (+info)

Capacitance measurements of exocytosis in mouse pancreatic alpha-, beta- and delta-cells within intact islets of Langerhans. (6/6740)

Capacitance measurements of exocytosis were applied to functionally identified alpha-, beta- and delta-cells in intact mouse pancreatic islets. The maximum rate of capacitance increase in beta-cells during a depolarization to 0 mV was equivalent to 14 granules s(-1), <5% of that observed in isolated beta-cells. Beta-cell secretion exhibited bell-shaped voltage dependence and peaked at +20 mV. At physiological membrane potentials (up to approximately -20 mV) the maximum rate of release was approximately 4 granules s(-1). Both exocytosis (measured by capacitance measurements) and insulin release (detected by radioimmunoassay) were strongly inhibited by the L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker nifedipine (25 microm) but only marginally (<20%) affected by the R-type Ca(2+) channel blocker SNX482 (100 nm). Exocytosis in the glucagon-producing alpha-cells peaked at +20 mV. The capacitance increases elicited by pulses to 0 mV exhibited biphasic kinetics and consisted of an initial transient (150 granules s(-1)) and a sustained late component (30 granules s(-1)). Whereas addition of the N-type Ca(2+) channel blocker omega-conotoxin GVIA (0.1 microm) inhibited glucagon secretion measured in the presence of 1 mm glucose to the same extent as an elevation of glucose to 20 mm, the L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker nifedipine (25 microm) had no effect. Thus, glucagon release during hyperglycaemic conditions depends principally on Ca(2+)-influx through N-type rather than L-type Ca(2+) channels. Exocytosis in the somatostatin-secreting delta-cells likewise exhibited two kinetically separable phases of capacitance increase and consisted of an early rapid (600 granules s(-1)) component followed by a sustained slower (60 granules s(-1)) component. We conclude that (1) capacitance measurements in intact pancreatic islets are feasible; (2) exocytosis measured in beta-cells in situ is significantly slower than that of isolated cells; and (3) the different types of islet cells exhibit distinct exocytotic features. (+info)

Malignant myoepithelial cells are associated with the differentiated papillary structure and metastatic ability of a syngeneic murine mammary adenocarcinoma model. (7/6740)

BACKGROUND: The normal duct and lobular system of the mammary gland is lined with luminal and myoepithelial cell types. Although evidence suggests that myoepithelial cells might suppress tumor growth, invasion and angiogenesis, their role remains a major enigma in breast cancer biology and few models are currently available for exploring their influence. Several years ago a spontaneous transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma (M38) arose in our BALB/c colony; it contains a malignant myoepithelial cell component and is able to metastasize to draining lymph nodes and lung. METHODS: To characterize this tumor further, primary M38 cultures were established. The low-passage LM38-LP subline contained two main cell components up to the 30th subculture, whereas the higher passage LM38-HP subline was mainly composed of small spindle-shaped cells. In addition, a large spindle cell clone (LM38-D2) was established by dilutional cloning of the low-passage MM38-LP cells. These cell lines were studied by immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy and ploidy, and syngeneic mice were inoculated subcutaneously and intravenously with the different cell lines, either singly or combined to establish their tumorigenic and metastatic capacity. RESULTS: The two subpopulations of LM38-LP cultures were characterized as luminal and myoepithelium-like cells, whereas LM38-HP was mainly composed of small, spindle-shaped epithelial cells and LM38-D2 contained only large myoepithelial cells. All of them were tumorigenic when inoculated into syngeneic mice, but only LM38-LP cultures containing both conserved luminal and myoepithelial malignant cells developed aggressive papillary adenocarcinomas that spread to lung and regional lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: The differentiated histopathology and metastatic ability of the spontaneous transplantable M38 murine mammary tumor is associated with the presence and/or interaction of both luminal and myoepithelial tumor cell types. (+info)

Sexually dimorphic metabolism of branched-chain lipids in C57BL/6J mice. (8/6740)

Despite the importance of branched chain lipid oxidation in detoxification, almost nothing is known regarding factors regulating peroxisomal uptake, targeting, and metabolism. One peroxisomal protein, sterol carrier protein-x (SCP-x), is thought to catalyze a key thiolytic step in branched chain lipid oxidation. When mice with substantially lower hepatic levels of SCP-x were tested for susceptibility to dietary stress with phytol (a phytanic acid precursor and peroxisome proliferator), livers of phytol-fed female but not male mice i). accumulated phytol metabolites (phytanic acid, pristanic acid, and Delta-2,3-pristanic acid); ii). exhibited decreased fat tissue mass and increased liver mass/body mass; iii). displayed signs of histopathological lesions in the liver; and iv). demonstrated significant alterations in hepatic lipid distributions. Moreover, both male and female mice exhibited phytol-induced peroxisomal proliferation, as demonstrated by liver morphology and upregulation of the peroxisomal protein catalase. In addition, levels of liver fatty acid binding protein, along with SCP-2 and SCP-x, increased, suggesting upregulation mediated by phytanic acid, a known ligand agonist of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor alpha. In summary, the present work establishes a role for SCP-x in branched chain lipid catabolism and demonstrates a sexual dimorphic response to phytol, a precursor of phytanic acid, in lipid parameters and hepatotoxicity. (+info)

Transmission electron microscopy can be used to observe dislocations within the microstructure of the material.[22] Thin foils ... Williams, David B.; Carter, C. Barry (2008). Transmission electron microscopy : a textbook for materials science. Springer. ... Eyre, B. L. (February 1973). "Transmission electron microscope studies of point defect clusters in fcc and bcc metals". Journal ... "g dot b") analysis.[23] When performing dark field microscopy with the TEM, a diffracted spot is selected to form the image (as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dislocation

Transmission Electron Microscopy TEM 10−21[7] None, sample in thin capability 1 nm to 10 µm[7] Chemical structure analysis, ... Acceleration of the electrons is achieved using resonance. For this to occur, the electrons must pass through a resonance zone ... Atomic Force microscopy AFM Variable 0.5 nm[7] 0.5 nm[7] Cross Sectional View ... ERDA in transmission geometry, where only the energy of the recoiling sample atoms is measured, was extensively used for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_recoil_detection

Transmission electron microscopy[edit]. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) uses electrons to generate high-resolution ... Scanning electron microscopy[edit]. In scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a high-energy electron beam (ranging a few 100 eVs ... Low-Energy and Photoemission Electron Microscopy[edit]. Low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and photoemission electron ... Scanning tunneling microscopy[edit]. In scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), a sharp tip scans the surface of a sample in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_production_techniques

Transmission electron microscopy ‎ *12:30, 14 March 2013 (diff , hist) . . (+1)‎ . . Hydrochloric acid ‎ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/129.125.47.96

De Graef, Marc (2003). Introduction to Conventional Transmission Electron Microscopy. Cambridge University Press. p. 113. ISBN ... is the potential distribution of the atom, and the electron form factor is the Fourier transform of this.[3] The electron form ... Electron form factor[edit]. The relevant distribution, ρ. (. r. ). {\displaystyle \rho (r)}. ... It is the spatial distribution of these unpaired electrons about the nucleus that is ρ. (. r. ). {\displaystyle \rho (r)}. for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor

Bozzola, J. J.; Russell, L. D. (1999). "Specimen Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy". Electron Microscopy : ... OsO4 is a widely used staining agent used in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to provide contrast to the image.[20] As a ... Hayat, M. A. (2000). Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy: Biological Applications. Cambridge University Press. pp ... it is also useful in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as an alternative to sputter coating. It embeds a heavy metal directly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium_tetroxide

In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), translational Moiré fringes can be seen as parallel contrast lines formed in phase- ... Williams, David B.; Carter, C. Barry (2009-01-01). Transmission electron microscopy : a textbook for materials science. ... However, if probe aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) ... Microscopy[edit]. In super-resolution microscopy, the moiré pattern can be used to obtain images with a resolution higher than ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moire_pattern

This is common, for example, in transmission electron microscopy. In this approximation, diffraction patterns in effect ... The Ewald sphere is a geometric construction used in electron, neutron, and X-ray crystallography which demonstrates the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewald

... and microscopy-based techniques, such as atomic force microscopy or transmission electron microscopy that are used to identify ... Microscopy-based techniques[edit]. Main article: Transmission electron microscopy DNA sequencing. This approach directly ... "DNA Base Identification by Electron Microscopy". Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of ... Since DNA is an informative macromolecule in terms of transmission from one generation to another, DNA sequencing is used in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequencing_technology

Direct collection transmission electron microscopy. With Mark H Ellisman, Stuart Kleinfelder. Method of high-energy particle ... His research focuses on the development of novel methods, such as protein crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, for the ... that will be used in Electron Microscopy. He is also inventor of "Xuong's X-Ray Machine" (or Xuong Machine) in 1975, an X-ray ... ASIC-Based Event-Driven 2D Digital Electron Counter for TEM Imaging. With G.Y. Fan, P. Datte, E. Beuville, J.-F. Beche, J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuong_Nguyen-Huu

Transmission electron microscopy was used. Using computer technology, a molecular model of peptides and their interactions can ... Atomic force microscopy can measure mechanical properties of nanotubes. Scanning-electron and atomic-forces microscopy is used ... of the hydrophobic tails in between the residues in a manner similar to micelle formation.Transmission electron microscopy ... Indentation atomic force microscopy experiments showed that dry nanotubes on mica gives an average stiffness of 160 N/m and a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-assembling_peptide

"Specimen Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy". Electron microscopy : principles and techniques for biologists. ... In the case of transmission electron microscopy, opaqueness to electrons is related to the atomic number, i.e., the number of ... Negative staining transmission electron microscopy has also been successfully employed for study and identification of aqueous ... The choice of negative stain in electron microscopy can be very important. An early study of plant viruses using negatively ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_stain

"Specimen Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy". Electron microscopy : principles and techniques for biologists. ... Because osmium atoms are extremely electron-dense, osmium staining greatly enhances image contrast in transmission electron ... Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy. As a ... Only two osmium compounds have major applications: osmium tetroxide for staining tissue in electron microscopy and for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium

Fan, G. Y.; Ellisman, M. H. (1 October 2000). "Digital imaging in transmission electron microscopy". Journal of Microscopy. 200 ... Dykstra, Michael J.; Reuss, Laura E. (2003). Biological electron microscopy : theory, techniques, and troubleshooting (2nd ed ... Photographic emulsions were originally coated on thin glass plates for imaging with electron microscopes, which provided a more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_plate

"Biological and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy". Beckman Institute. Retrieved 10 February 2016. Coordinates: 34°08′ ... director Transmission Electron Microscopy: Grant Jensen, principal investigator; Alasdair McDowall, director Arnold Thackray & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beckman_Institute_at_Caltech

doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00307-9. Terrones, M (2010). "Transmission electron microscopy: Visualizing fullerene chemistry". ... The idea of peapods came from the structure that was produced inside a transmission electron microscope in 2000. They were ... After fullerenes containing reactants diffuse into an SWNT, a high-energy electron beam can be used to displace carbon atoms ... Possible applications of nano-peapods include nanoscale lasers, single electron transistors, spin-qubit arrays for quantum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_peapod

2014). Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of Nanomaterials. Springer. ISBN 978-3642389337. v t e. ... signal processing method used with Fast Fourier transform algorithms in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_phase_analysis

Mitochondria of a mammal lung cell visualized using Transmission Electron Microscopy. Mitochondria are organelles that ... the intermediate electron carriers may lose or gain too many electrons, signalling the need for repair of a photosystem.[23] ... These theories did not gain traction until more detailed electron-microscopic comparisons between cyanobacteria and ... "Electron microscope studies on blue-green algae". The Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology. 9 (1): 63-80. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosymbiotic_theory

Mitochondria of a mammal lung cell visualized using Transmission Electron Microscopy. Mitochondria are organelles that ... the intermediate electron carriers may lose or gain too many electrons, signalling the need for repair of a photosystem.[22] ... More detailed electron-microscopic comparisons between cyanobacteria and chloroplasts (for example studies by Hans Ris ... "Electron microscope studies on blue-green algae". J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 9 (1): 63-80. doi:10.1083/jcb.9.1.63. PMC 2224983 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiogenesis

Transmission electron microscopy. Obligate intracellular parasites cannot reproduce outside their host cell, meaning that the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_pathogen

Using transmission electron microscopy, Nagaski et al. identified the HaV virus in and around the nuclear area of H. akashiwo ... Using confocal and electron microscopy, the researchers demonstrated that the virus strain EhV-86 uses a unique infection ... sections of viruses within Chyrsochromulina brevifilum were prepared and viewed using transmission electron microscopy. ... Cryo-electron microscopy and 3D reconstruction of the viral capsid shows that there is a long 'spike' structure which first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phycodnaviridae

Conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of chemically fixed E. coli cells portrayed the nucleoid as an irregularly ... Eltsov, Mikhail; Zuber, Benoît (2006). "Transmission electron microscopy of the bacterial nucleoid". Journal of Structural ... Cell-fractionation and electron microscopy studies first indicated the possibility of DNA-membrane connections. There are now ... Kavenoff R, Ryder OA (March 1976). "Electron microscopy of membrane-associated folded chromosomes of Escherichia coli". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoid

High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Microscopy Phase contrast microscopy Phase-contrast X-ray imaging Quantitative ... In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), phase contrast enables very high resolution (HR) imaging, making it possible to ... In the field of transmission electron microscopy, phase-contrast imaging may be employed to image columns of individual atoms. ... doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76501-3. ISBN 978-0-387-76500-6. Fultz, Brent; Howe, James M. (2013). Transmission Electron Microscopy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-contrast_imaging

... transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). To look even further into the functionality of ... This study was done using transmission electron microscopy. Another study was done to see how washing the nanobuds in different ... The electron transport properties of certain nanobud classes have been treated theoretically. The study shows that electrons ... Such materials emit electrons at room temperature under a high applied electric field, a property that is very important with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanobud

She is an expert in transmission electron microscopy. Rae holds multiple patents for significant advances in materials for gas ... She is known for her expertise in electron microscopy and the behaviour of materials in aerospace applications. Rae became ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Rae

Analytical/Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (X-ray microanalysis, electron energy-loss spectrometry and convergent ... Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science. 2nd ed., New York: Springer, 2010, 1st ed. New York: Plenum ... 9780306453243 "Transmission electron microscopy : a textbook for materials science". worldcat.org. Retrieved 7 September 2015. ... Barry Carter he is the co-author of a 4-volume textbook entitled Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_B._Williams_(materials_scientist)

In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), translational moiré fringes can be seen as parallel contrast lines formed in phase- ... However, if probe aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) ... Williams, David B.; Carter, C. Barry (2009-01-01). Transmission electron microscopy : a textbook for materials science. ... "Surpassing the lateral resolution limit by a factor of two using structured illumination microscopy". Journal of Microscopy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moiré_pattern

Transmission electron microscopy: a textbook for materials science. 2. Springer. p. 559. ISBN 978-0-306-45324-3. S. DeBeer: ... but Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) normally uses an electron beam as the probe. Confocal microscopy X-ray fluorescence ... The removal of an electron in this way makes the electronic structure of the atom unstable, and electrons in higher orbitals " ... Following removal of an inner electron by an energetic photon provided by a primary radiation source, an electron from an outer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_fluorescence

The same protocol used for preparing samples to transmission electron microscopy can also be used to select a micro area of a ... For a minimal introduction of stress and bending to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples (lamellae, thin films, and ... Levi-Setti, R. (1974). "Proton scanning microscopy: feasibility and promise". Scanning Electron Microscopy: 125. W. H. Escovitz ... The FIB is also commonly used to prepare samples for the transmission electron microscope. The TEM requires very thin samples, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focused_ion_beam

Ryabchikova, Elena I.; Price, Barbara B. (2004). Ebola and Marburg Viruses: A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy. ... A number of studies examining airborne transmission broadly concluded that transmission from pigs to primates could happen ... "Modern uses of electron microscopy for detection of viruses". Clinical Microbiology Reviews (Review). 22 (4): 552-63. doi: ... Transmission risk reduction of filoviruses in home-care settings" (PDF). World Health Organization (WHO). Archived (PDF) from ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

Histology is the study of the structures of biological tissues by light microscopy, electron microscopy and ... Robert Koch's discoveries around 1880 of the transmission of disease by bacteria, and then the discovery of antibiotics around ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical

is the electron density. One may assume the electron density is simply the number of electrons per atom Z multiplied by the ... In the visual spectrum this is done using Zernike phase-contrast microscopy, differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC ... The refractive index n of the liquid can then be calculated from the maximum transmission angle θ as n = nG sin θ, where nG is ... is the classical electron radius, λ. {\displaystyle \lambda }. is the X-ray wavelength, and n. e. {\displaystyle n_{e}}. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_refraction

Fluorescence microscopy can be used to find out where the fluorescent probe is bound to the chromosomes. FISH is often used for ... combination of fluorophores to generate additional spectra through a labeling process known as dynamic optical transmission ( ... mRNA provides sufficient fluorescence to accurately detect and localize each target mRNA in a wide-field fluorescent microscopy ... Electron microscopy. *Immunofluorescence. *Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Clinical pathology. *Clinical chemistry. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization

... characterization methods such as electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, calorimetry, nuclear microscopy (HEFIB), Rutherford ... "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic, left-handed metamaterial" (PDF). Applied Physics Letters. 78 (4 ... A diamond cuboctahedron showing seven crystallographic planes, imaged with scanning electron microscopy ... This involves methods such as diffraction with X-rays, electrons, or neutrons, and various forms of spectroscopy and chemical ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science

... using X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. Depending on the type and degree of dehydration the viral particle is ... Transmission routes are fecal-oral, contact, ingestion, and air borne particles. Picornaviruses have a viral protein (VPg) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornavirus

Transmission electron microscopy images are projections of the object showing the distribution of density through the object, ... Using cryo-electron microscopy it has become possible to generate reconstructions with sub-nanometer resolution and near-atomic ... is a group of related computerized image processing techniques used to analyze images from transmission electron microscopy ( ... EM Data Bank (EM Data Bank) Frank, Joachim (2006). Three-dimensional electron microscopy of macromolecular assemblies: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_particle_analysis

There are many viroplasms in one infected cell, where they appear dense to electron microscopy. Very little is understood about ... In the case of the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), viroplasms improve the virus transmission by the aphid vector. Viroplasms ... These appear electron-dense under an electron microscope and are insoluble. Viroplasms are localized in the perinuclear area or ... Virus factories of Cauliflower mosaic virus are virion reservoirs that engage actively in vector-transmission. 2013 journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viroplasm

... phase-contrast microscopy, dark field microscopy, confocal microscopy, cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, etc. have ... Advancement in microscopic techniques and technology such as fluorescence microscopy, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology

It was identified by electron microscopy in 1965 by ZuRhein and Chou,[1] and by Silverman and Rubinstein, and later isolated in ... "Potential transmission of human polyomaviruses through the gastrointestinal tract after exposure to virions or viral DNA". J. ... Silverman, L.; Rubinstein, L.J. (1965). "Electron microscopic observations on a case of progressive multifocal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jc_virus

"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic ... "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses"[۴۴] ۱۹۴۴ جوزف ارلنگر[۱] United States "for their ... "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"[۳۴] ... "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/فهرست_یهودیان_برنده_جایزه_نوبل

... and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Thomas is one of the most cited authors in the field of heterogeneous ... In 2010 Imperial College Press published 4D Electron Microscopy: Imaging in Space and Time, which he co-authored with Ahmed ... 4D Electron Microscopy: Imaging in Space and Time, 2010, Imperial College Press. (With A.H. Zewail). ... The modern electron microscope: A cornucopia of chemico-physical insights[48]. References[edit]. *^ a b THOMAS, Sir John Meurig ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Meurig_Thomas

Microscopy. *Scanning electron microscope (SEM). *Transmission electron microscope (TEM). Thermochemistry. *Calorimeter * ... The transmission of a reference substance is set as a baseline (datum) value, so the transmission of all other substances are ... The transmittance or reflectance value for each wavelength of the test sample is then compared with the transmission or ... When making transmission measurements, the spectrophotometer quantitatively compares the fraction of light that passes through ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrophotometry

Developments in electron microscopy, computers, electronics, functional brain imaging, and most recently genetics and genomics ... For example, in 1952, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley presented a mathematical model for transmission of electrical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_science

Microscopy. *Scanning electron microscope (SEM). *Transmission electron microscope (TEM). Thermochemistry. *Calorimeter * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory

High Specific Young's Modulus and Fracture Strength As Revealed by in Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy» ACS Nano 7[11] ( ... G. Dmitri, Y. Bando : «Electron Microscopy of Boron Nitride Nanotubes» Electron Microscopy of Nanotubes (2003) ... Revealing the anomalous tensile properties of WS2 nanotubes by in situ transmission electron microscopy» Nano Lett. 13[3] (2013 ... Mechanical Properties of Si Nanowires as Revealed by in Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Гольберг,_Дмитрий_Викторович

... is a semiconductor analysis technique performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or scanning transmission electron ... H. J. Leamy, "Charge Collection scanning electron microscopy," Journal of Applied Physics, V53(6), 1982, P. R51 (Review Article ... In EBIC, energetic electrons take the role of the photons, causing the EBIC current to flow. However, because the electron beam ... W. S. Lau, D. S. H. Chan, J. C. H. Phang, K. W. Chow, K. S. Pey, Y. P. Lim and B. Cronquist, "True oxide electron beam induced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_beam-induced_current

For many molecules, often those with a lone pair of electrons, in which the molecules can bond to the surface, a different ... Such substrates can be fabricated on a wafer scale and label-free superresolution microscopy has also been demonstrated using ... as there must be a large collection of electrons to oscillate together.[14] An ideal SERS substrate must possess high ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_enhanced_Raman_spectroscopy

Airborne transmission - Pathogen carrying spores. *Vector transmission - An organism that does not cause disease itself but ... Microscopy[edit]. Culture techniques will often use a microscopic examination to help in the identification of the microbe. ... Electron microscopes and fluorescence microscopes are also used for observing microbes in greater detail for research.[28] ... Causes and transmission of infectious diseases[edit]. See also: Infection. Infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_microbiology

Transmission electron micrograph of Chikungunya virus particles. The virus consists of four nonstructural proteins and three ... Cryoelectron microscopy reconstruction of Chikungunya virus. From EMDB entry EMD-5577[33] ... Less common modes of transmission include vertical transmission, which is transmission from mother to child during pregnancy or ... Local transmission has also occurred in the United States and Australia, countries in which the virus was previously unknown.[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikungunya_vaccine

decaying by electron capture with a half-life of 7007234100800000000♠270.95 days. The least stable is 60. Ge. , with a half- ... These make it especially useful for wide-angle camera lenses, microscopy, and the core part of optical fibers.[62][63] It has ... A.; Shevyakov, A. M. (1975). "Infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of germanium dioxide and its hydrolysis products". ... releasing high energy electrons in the process.[47] Because of this, it is used in combination with radon for nuclear batteries ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium

In 1943 Zyun Koana published a confocal system.[17] [15] A figure in this publication clearly shows a confocal transmission ... the resolution obtained is best explained by comparing it with another scanning technique like that of the scanning electron ... The Development of a Modern Microscopy". Imaging & Microscopy.. online. *^ a b c Barry R. Masters: Confocal Microscopy And ... Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confocal_microscope

This involved developing transmission electron microscopy to study the nanoscale properties of solar cells, which allows better ... "Prof Caterina Ducati - Electron Microscopy Group". www.emg.msm.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2019-09-25.. ... included the development of carbon nanotubes and investigations into their growth models using transmission electron microscopy ... She was subsequently awarded a Royal Society University Research Fellowship to explore electron microscopy of nanostructures, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterina_Ducati

Transmission electron micrograph ning Herpes virus antimong virus a makasuput (enveloped virus) a lupang ebun a piniritu king ...

https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus

The most common methods of identifying asbestos fibers are by using polarized light microscopy (PLM) or transmission electron ... Air samples are typically analyzed using phase contrast microscopy (PCM). PCM involves counting fibers on a filter using a ... microscopy (TEM). PLM is less expensive, but TEM is more precise and can be used at lower concentrations of asbestos. If ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_impact_of_asbestos

Fifth Conference on Frontiers of Aberration Corrected Electron Microscopy. 203: 60-67. doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.12.006. ISSN ... Conceptually similar effects can be caused by neutrons or electrons rather than light.[15] An increase in photon energy which ... Feynman diagram of scattering between two electrons by emission of a virtual photon ... "Live-Cell Bioorthogonal Chemical Imaging: Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy of Vibrational Probes". Accounts of Chemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_scattering

Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy. *Enhancement or quenching of QD, Q-wire and QW radiations ... SSIES, Special Sensors-Ions, Electrons, and Scintillation thermal plasma analysis package. *SST-1 (tokamak), Steady State ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plasma_

This transmission electron micrograph depicts a number of smallpox virions. The "dumbbell-shaped" structure inside the virion ... All orthopoxviruses exhibit identical brick-shaped virions by electron microscopy.[24] If particles with the characteristic ... Transmission. Transmission occurred through inhalation of airborne Variola virus, usually droplets expressed from the oral, ... The procedure was much safer than variolation and did not involve a risk of smallpox transmission. Vaccination to prevent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox

A scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is a type of transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pronunciation is [stem ... "Progress in aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy" (PDF). J. Electron Microsc. 50 (3): 177. doi: ... "Optimizing the environment for sub-0.2 nm scanning transmission electron microscopy". J. Electron. Microsc. 50 (3): 219-226. ... "High Dynamic Range Pixel Array Detector for Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy". Microscopy and Microanalysis. 22 (1): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_transmission_electron_microscopy

The Transmission Electron Microscopy Core, part of the Neurosciences Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, aids in ... Transmission Electron Microscopy Core. The Transmission Electron Microscopy Core, part of the Neurosciences Center at ... The transmission electron microscope (TEM) has been an essential tool for research in cell biology since its development in the ...

https://www.massgeneral.org/neurology/research/transmission-electron-microscopy-core

Purchase Basic Techniques For Transmission Electron Microscopy - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780123339263, ... Basic Techniques for Transmission Electron Microscopy describes the basic techniques for transmission electron microscopy. ... Courses Taught: Electron Microscopy; Cell Biology; Seminar. Primary Area of Expertise: Electron microscopy, cell biology, ... Basic Techniques For Transmission Electron Microscopy 1st Edition. 0.0 star rating Write a review ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/basic-techniques-for-transmission-electron-microscopy/hayat/978-0-12-333926-3

... with electron microscopy and received finally his diploma and doctoral degree on topics of electron microscopy and electron- ... Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy. Book Subtitle. An Introduction for Operators. Authors. * Jürgen Thomas ... Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy. An Introduction for Operators. Authors: Thomas, Jürgen, Gemming, Thomas ... He received his doctoral degree on high-resolution transmission electron microscopy in the group of Prof. Manfred Rühle at the ...

http://www.springer.com/us/book/9789401786003

The rapidly evolving field of electron microscopy touches nearly every aspect of modern life, underpinning impactful materials ... with the goal to develop a critical roadmap for next-generation transmission electron microscopy (NexTEM). We provide a ... www.nist.gov/publications/towards-data-driven-next-generation-transmission-electron-microscopy ... The rapidly evolving field of electron microscopy touches nearly every aspect of modern life, underpinning impactful materials ...

https://www.nist.gov/publications/towards-data-driven-next-generation-transmission-electron-microscopy

This book explains concepts of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) that are important for the ... Transmission Electron Microscopy and Diffractometry of Materials. Authors: Fultz, Brent, Howe, James M. ... This book explains concepts of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) that are important for the ... I give a lecture course here on Advanced Electron Microscopy and will certainly be recommending your book for my course. It is ...

https://www.springer.com/cn/book/9783540738862

... This video was recorded at Kolokviji na Institutu ... Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy: Applications in Materials Science is categorized in the following disciplines: * ... If you know the author of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy: Applications in Materials Science, please help us out by ... This video was recorded at Kolokviji na Institutu "Jožef Stefan". Various Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) ...

https://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=968884

... Written by jags. Transmission Electron Microscopy. News Meetings Participation, Web ICMAB 25 ... In this way, a worldwide increasing interest for electron microscopy is emerging. Imagine being able to hold an electron beam ... electron microscopy as well as to offer an overview of the newly and improved techniques related to the electron microscopy and ... The advent of aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy technology is now giving resolutions below 0.05 nanometers ...

http://icmab.es/transmission-electron-microscopy

... directly sampled in a spray flame fuelled with soy-methyl ester were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM ... Transmission Electron Microscopy of Soot Particles sampled directly from a Biodiesel Spray Flame 2011-01-2046. ... Citation: Nerva, J., Yamaguchi, T., Iguma, H., Nishigai, H. et al., "Transmission Electron Microscopy of Soot Particles sampled ... directly sampled in a spray flame fuelled with soy-methyl ester were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM ...

https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/2011-01-2046/

"Ex situ transmission electron microscopy: a fixed-bed reactor approach," Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 135- ... surfaces by transmission electron microscopy," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 298-303, 2006. View at Publisher · ... Grids for Applications in High-Temperature High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. Yucheng Lan,1 Hui Wang,1 Dezhi ... A. W. Grant, Q.-H. Hu, and B. Kasemo, "Transmission electron microscopy windows for nanofabricated structures," ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnt/2010/279608/

... Yucheng Lan,1 Hui Wang,1 Dezhi ... "Grids for Applications in High-Temperature High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy," Journal of Nanotechnology, vol. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnt/2010/279608/cta/

A form of electron microscopy in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a thin layer of sample... ... transmission-electron-microscopy. Noun (uncountable). *A form of electron microscopy in which a beam of electrons is ... How would you define transmission-electron-microscopy? Add your definition here.. Please enable JavaScript to view the comments ... transmission-electron-microscope. *transmission-electron-microscopes. *transmission-electron-microscopy. *transmission grating ...

http://www.yourdictionary.com/transmission-electron-microscopy

Serial sectioning transmission electron microscopy Serial sectioning transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM) is used in order ...

https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/faculties/faculty-of-science/departments/biology/institutes/evolutionecology/groups/evolutionary-biology-of-invertebrates/electron-microscopy/sstem/

... is possible with a new device developed for holding tightly sealed liquid cell samples for transmission electron microscopy. ... new microscopy techniques can provide more nuanced insight. Researchers first need to understand the effects of radiation on ... The team explains that transmission electron microscopy (TEM) relies on a high-energy beam of electrons that passes through a ... Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy makes a window into the nanoscale. Michigan Technological University ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-04/mtu-lct042318.php

... mission electron microscopy is used as a central element of the study. Experimental studies of HREM are performed in parallel ... "Nano Phase Characterization by Transmission Electron Microscopy: Experimental and Simulation" written by Francisco Miguel ...

https://scirp.org/journal/papercitationdetails.aspx?PaperID=60930&JournalID=174

In situ transmission electron microscopy (in situ TEM) with capability to measure electrical properties is an effective method ... single electron tunnelling, and operation details of resistive random access memories (ReRAM). ... In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Electronics, The Transmission Electron Microscope - Theory and Applications, Khan ... In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Electronics, The Transmission Electron Microscope - Theory and Applications, Khan ...

https://www.intechopen.com/books/the-transmission-electron-microscope-theory-and-applications/in-situ-transmission-electron-microscopy-for-electronics

Filming the formation and fluctuation of skyrmion domains by cryo-Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. Jayaraman Rajeswari ... Filming the formation and fluctuation of skyrmion domains by cryo-Lorentz transmission electron microscopy ... we image up to 70,000 skyrmions by means of cryo-Lorentz transmission electron microscopy as a function of the applied magnetic ... and film their evolution in direct-space via cryo-Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. We reveal the octagonal distortion ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/112/46/14212.short?rss=1

Filming the formation and fluctuation of skyrmion domains by cryo-Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. Jayaraman Rajeswari ... Filming the formation and fluctuation of skyrmion domains by cryo-Lorentz transmission electron microscopy ... we image up to 70,000 skyrmions by means of cryo-Lorentz transmission electron microscopy as a function of the applied magnetic ... Quantitative imaging of flux vortices in the type-II superconductor MgB2 using cryo-Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/112/46/14212?ijkey=b3188c3615b40ae4273589110a5c168285044ae0&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

The largest and most comprehensive selection of transmission electron microscopy grids, support films and SiN membranes for all ... The largest and most comprehensive selection of transmission electron microscopy grids, support films and SiN membranes for all ...

https://tedpella.com/grids_html/grids.htm

Electron microscopy (EM) is a highly specialized service offered by only a few laboratories in the US, including the MSU VDL. ...

https://cvm.msu.edu/vdl/laboratory-sections/anatomic-surgical-pathology/biopsy-service/transmission-electron-microscopy

... individuals interested in the field of neuroscience who are novices or experts in the use of transmission electron microscopy. ... Concise and easy-to-use, Transmission Electron Microscopy Methods for Understanding the Brain aims to ensure successful results ... Advances in Neuroscience Using Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Historical Perspective Jingyi Zhang, Beverly A. S. Reyes, ... Electron Microscopy of the Brains of Drosophila Models of Alzheimers Diseases Kanae Ando, Stephen Hearn, Emiko Suzuki, Akiko ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4939-3640-3

Home , print , node , 9950 , ImTech Transmission Electron Microscopy. ImTech Transmission Electron Microscopy. The facility is ... In the past much of the work within electron microscopy was primarily focused on the analysis of plant viruses and their ... Scanning electron microscope studies are performed through access to a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and ... Although the unit still carries out work on plant viruses, it now has a broader remit to provide electron microscope support to ...

https://www.hutton.ac.uk/print/node/9950

Directions to Hospitals Treating Transmission electron microscopy Risk calculators and risk factors for Transmission electron ... Negative Staining Protocol for Transmission Electron Microscopy. *The National Center for Electron Microscopy, Berkeley ... Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an imaging technique whereby a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen, ... Articles on Transmission electron microscopy in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ ...

http://wikidoc.org/index.php/Transmission_electron_microscope

Tag: transmission electron microscopy. Posted on January 3, 2019. Simple Super-Resolution Microscopy. ...

https://prometheus.med.utah.edu/~bwjones/tag/transmission-electron-microscopy/

Quantitative Analysis by Electron Transmission Measurements in a Scanning Electron Microscope - Volume 16 Supplement - E Müller ... Quantitative Analysis by Electron Transmission Measurements in a Scanning Electron Microscope. * E Müller (a1), T Volkenandt ( ... Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 - August 5, 2010 ...

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/microscopy-and-microanalysis/article/quantitative-analysis-by-electron-transmission-measurements-in-a-scanning-electron-microscope/3001DA0527C3A71832025604C01F66ED

Practical Use of Transmission Electron Microscopy for Analysis of Structures and Molecules in Cardiovascular Research. ... Bloch W., Hoffmann C., Janssen E., Korkmaz Y. (2005) Practical Use of Transmission Electron Microscopy for Analysis of ... correlating the silver impregnated image in light microscopy with permanganate-fixed ultrastructure in electron microscopy. J ... Gold Particle Immunoelectron Microscopy Propylene Oxide Aqueous Uranyl Acetate Maleate Buffer These keywords were added by ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-26574-0_26

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; fuel cells; nanoparticles; transmission electron microscopy. OSTI Identifier:. 1379388. ... Accepted Manuscript: Nanomaterial datasets to advance tomography in scanning transmission electron microscopy ... LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Center for Electron Microscopy. *Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United ... LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Center for Electron Microscopy. *Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Dept ...

https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1379388-nanomaterial-datasets-advance-tomography-scanning-transmission-electron-microscopy

Electron microscopy has revolutionized our understanding the extraordinary intellectual demands required of the mi- of ... diffraction electron microscope electron microscopy materials characterization microscopy transmission electron microscopy ... Today, one has to understand the fundamentals ties of modem transmission electron microscopy-TEM- of all of these areas before ... Electron microscopy has revolutionized our understanding the extraordinary intellectual demands required of the mi- of ...

https://rd.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4757-2519-3

Transmission electron microscopy analysis is used for determining micro-and nanostructure, doing cross-section analysis, ... In a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a thin specimen (ideally ≤ 100 nm) is exposed to a high-energy (typically 60 - 300 ... the energy loss of electrons that have gone through the specimen (Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy - EELS). All of our ... keV) electron beam. Images generally contain contrast that may be due to crystallinity, atomic mass, or thickness variations ...

https://www.mri.psu.edu/materials-characterization-lab/characterization-techniques/transmission-electron-microscopy-tem

... conductive diamond tip onto the edge of an electron transparent sample. This allows application of loads to nanometer-scale ... In-situ transmission electron microscopy is an established experimental technique that permits direct observation of the ... In-situ transmission electron microscopy is an established experimental technique that permits direct observation of the ... In-situ transmission electron microscopy is an established experimental technique that permits direct observation of the ...

https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc735790/

[2] This would allow the use of electrons to image objects much smaller than the previous diffraction limit set by visible light. (wikipedia.org)
The book explains the fundamentals of how waves and wavefunctions interact with atoms in solids, and the similarities and differences of using x-rays, electrons, or neutrons for diffraction measurements. (springer.com)
Its integration of photons and electrons, beam lines and electron microscopes, theory and practice, assists students with diverse scientific and technical backgrounds to understand the essence of diffraction, spectrometry and imaging. (springer.com)
The conventional ultra-thin carbon supporting films with thickness of several nanometers are suitable for HRTEM imaging and electron diffraction patterning at room temperature and in vacuum [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Contrast can arise from position-to-position differences in the thickness or density ("mass-thickness contrast"), atomic number ("Z contrast," referring to the common abbreviation Z for atomic number), crystal structure or orientation ("crystallographic contrast" or "diffraction contrast"), the slight quantum-mechanical phase shifts that individual atoms produce in electrons that pass through them ("phase contrast"), the energy lost by electrons on passing through the sample ("spectrum imaging") and more. (wikipedia.org)
The centre provides training in the practical and theoretical aspects of scanning and transmission electron microscopy from the basic to the advanced level as well as the techniques of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. (nrf.ac.za)
Electron diffraction and its uses for understanding symmetry and structures are given in Chapter 2, while a more detailed understanding of the physics of the TEM and its imaging abilities are covered in Chapter 3. (minsocam.org)
Taken together, these chapters summarize much of the theory of imaging and diffraction by electron microscopy. (minsocam.org)
Electron diffraction effect associated with nano-scale periodic modulations observed in a quenched Ti-15 wt%Mo alloy within ω phase forming regime has been investigated in this study by analyzing selected area diffraction patterns and high-resolution phase contrast images. (unboundmedicine.com)
Crystallographic direction of the side bands in electron diffraction associated with the periodic modulation of wavelength 1.3 nm is established as [001]β which is an elastically soft direction for the body-centered cubic lattice. (unboundmedicine.com)
Pole figures and electron back-scatter diffraction orientation maps indicate that both layers in the as-deposited state are single-crystalline with a cube-on-cube epitaxial relationship with the substrate. (diva-portal.org)
This is confirmed by selected area electron diffraction patterns. (diva-portal.org)
Williams, David B. is the author of 'Transmission Electron Microscopy A Textbook for Materials Science Basics, Diffraction, Imaging, Spectrometry', published 2004 under ISBN 9780306453243 and ISBN 030645324X. (valorebooks.com)
An angstrom-resolution physical model of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is generated with a combination of spherical aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-STEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) on the Fe L-edge. (rsc.org)
Among the topics to be covered include electron scattering and diffraction, image formation, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. (arizona.edu)
Because diffraction contrast sensitively depends upon both crystal lattice orientation as well as incoming electron wavevector, minor spatial/directional variations in either will produce dynamic and often complex patterns in real-space images. (spie.org)
Thus, minor changes in either crystal grain orientation, as occurs during specimen tilting, warping, or anisotropic expansion, or in the electron wavevector result in dramatic changes in the observed diffraction contrast. (spie.org)
In the cases of X-ray diffraction (XRD) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the intricate theoretical details may pose a challenge for some undergraduate students, instrument operation is often tractable within one or two training sessions. (confex.com)
At the beginning of a student's geosciences career, the TEM can best be used in demonstrative learning - by displaying in short lab sessions high resolution imaging or electron diffraction. (confex.com)

This book explains concepts of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) that are important for the characterization of materials. (springer.com)
Various Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) imaging techniques (ADF, HAADF, ABF) have become extremely useful for materials characterization at the nano- and atomic scale, particularly due to recent developments in the correction of spherical aberrations (Cs) of the (S)TEM¢s microscope lenses. (merlot.org)
This course has been developed by faculty and staff experts in nano-fabrication, electron beam microscopy, and nano-characterization through the Research Triangle Nanotechnology Network (RTNN). (coursera.org)
The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is one of the most widely used methods for the morphological characterization of nanoparticles and a valuable tool to evaluate their interaction with microorganisms. (omicsonline.org)
Finally, transmission electron microscopy is highlighted as a characterization method in several projects. (rice.edu)
The main stress in the study is placed upon electron microscopy, in order to achieve a more precise characterization of both these type of cancer cells. (spie.org)

The rastering of the beam across the sample makes STEM suitable for analytical techniques such as Z-contrast annular dark-field imaging , and spectroscopic mapping by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, or electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). (wikipedia.org)
The aim of the present workshop is to show the possibilities and top applications of the modern electron microscopy as well as to offer an overview of the newly and improved techniques related to the electron microscopy and spectroscopy applied to materials science. (icmab.es)
We can also collect elemental and chemical state maps via analysis of 1) emitted x-rays (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy - EDS) or 2) the energy loss of electrons that have gone through the specimen (Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy - EELS). (psu.edu)
This volume covers recent achievements in the field of STEM obtained with advanced technologies such as spherical aberration correction, monochromator, high-sensitivity electron energy loss spectroscopy and the software of image mapping. (abebooks.com)
Today's electron microscopes can obtain images with spatial resolutions of 50 pm or better (roughly the radius of a H atom), spectroscopy can be performed with atomic resolution to measure material composition and bonding states and electromagnetic fields can be measured by forming electron holograms. (cea.fr)

In a new paper published last week in Science Advances , a team of scientists and engineers dug into the mechanisms that degrade sample quality in liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM). (eurekalert.org)
Etching premade nanocrystals and following their shape using graphene liquid cell Transmission Electron Microscopy can yield important mechanistic information about nanoparticle transformations. (jove.com)
Hauwiller, M. R., Ondry, J. C., Alivisatos, A. P. Using Graphene Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy to Study in Situ Nanocrystal Etching. (jove.com)
Here we introduce experimental protocols for the real-time observation of a self-assembly process using liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy. (jove.com)
We have traced the trajectories of individual nanoparticles using liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the mechanism of the assembly process. (jove.com)

They developed an LC-TEM device that uses multiple windows and patterned features to explore the impacts of high-energy electron bombardment on nanoparticles and sensitive biological samples. (eurekalert.org)
Using these multiple windows, we were able to study how the history of electron irradiation influences the nucleation and growth of silver nanoparticles, the growth properties of which are sensitive to the radicals that are generated with the beam. (eurekalert.org)
This paper reports an interlaboratory comparison that evaluated a protocol for measuring and analysing the particle size distribution of discrete, metallic, spheroidal nanoparticles using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (rti.org)
With the use of the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) we were able to evaluate the interaction between Ag-NPs and two Salmonella enterica strains (Enteritidis and Senftenberg) and to study morphological changes caused by the interaction with nanoparticles. (omicsonline.org)
Here we report the nanoscale morphology of Au and Ag nanoparticles as studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). (aps.org)
Diaminobenzidine photoconversion is a suitable tool for tracking the intracellular location of fluorescently labelled nanoparticles at transmission electron microscopy. (sigmaaldrich.com)

High resolution scanning transmission electron microscopes require exceptionally stable room environments. (wikipedia.org)
Scanning transmission electron microscopes are used to characterize the nanoscale, and atomic scale structure of specimens, providing important insights into the properties and behaviour of materials and biological cells. (wikipedia.org)
In the early days of microscopy nothing smaller than the wavelength being used could be resolved, whereas nowadays the law of RESOLFT sets the limit for optical microscopes employing such concepts (see microscope ). (wikidoc.org)
The electrons can be focused onto the sample providing a resolution far better than is possible with light microscopes, and with improved depth of vision. (wikidoc.org)
Transmission electron microscopes are capable of imaging at a significantly higher resolution than light microscopes, owing to the smaller de Broglie wavelength of electrons. (wikipedia.org)
The facility houses four state-of-the-art electron microscopes including the only double aberration corrected transmission electron microscope on the African continent. (nrf.ac.za)
This book, authored by a team of expert Chinese and international authors, covers many aspects of modern electron microscopy, from the architecture of novel electron microscopes, advanced theories and techniques in TEM and sample preparation, to a variety of hands-on examples of TEM applications. (valorebooks.com)
Modern transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) provide imaging capabilities at unprecedented magnifications that are many orders of magnitude beyond what can be accomplished with standard optical microscopes. (bruker.com)
Biological cells are hygroscopic, permeable, and electron-absorbing, and imaging them \textit{via} electron microscopes has been an important challenge due to the volumetric-shrinkage and structural degradation of cells under high vacuum and fixed electron beam. (aps.org)

Uniform thickness of (111)A quantum wells is observed by the cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (ebscohost.com)

Côté SL, Riberio-Da-Silva A, and Cuello AC (1993) Current protocols for light microscopy immunohistochemistry. (springer.com)
Correlative fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a state-of-the-art microscopy methodology to study cellular function, combining the functionality of light microscopy with the high resolution of electron microscopy. (nih.gov)
Routine light microscopy along with immunohistochemistry methods are adequate tools for the diagnosis of the most diseases in pathology They are important because well-defined diagnosis are required to determine patient prognosis and treatment. (linkos.cz)
It can reveal structures that are beyond the possibilities of light microscopy resolution. (linkos.cz)
Light microscopy/qualitative analysis. (scielo.br)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 - August 5, 2010. (cambridge.org)
The controlled environment transmission electron microscope is part of the Center for Microanalysis in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory. (springer.com)

Abstract Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are heterogeneous disorders in which the safety margin of neuromuscular transmission is impaired by one or more specific mechanisms. (chemie.de)
The nature of the TEM requires that students have a solid grasp of both the abstract concepts of electron interactions with fields and matter, as well as the concrete operation of the instrument, which is often recalcitrant. (confex.com)

In 1990 he went back to the electron microscopy and joined the Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden where he has been working in the laboratory for analytical transmission electron microscopy until today. (springer.com)

The new Thermo Scientific Krios G4 Cryo-Transmission Electron Microscope (Cryo-TEM) is the most compact TEM in its class. (thermofisher.com)
1.1 This practice covers procedures for vitrifying and recording images of a suspension of liposomes with a cryo-transmission electron microscope (cryo-TEM) for the purpose of evaluating their shape, size distribution and lamellarity for quality assessment. (bsigroup.com)

A scanning transmission electron microscope ( STEM ) is a type of transmission electron microscope (TEM). (wikipedia.org)
However, unlike CTEM, in STEM the electron beam is focused to a fine spot (with the typical spot size 0.05 - 0.2 nm) which is then scanned over the sample in a raster. (wikipedia.org)
Crewe and coworkers at the University of Chicago developed the cold field emission electron source and built a STEM able to visualize single heavy atoms on thin carbon substrates. (wikipedia.org)
A TEM can be modified into a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) by the addition of a system that rasters the beam across the sample to form the image, combined with suitable detectors. (wikidoc.org)
This work presents five high-quality scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) tomography datasets in order to address the critical need for open access data in this field. (osti.gov)
However, unlike CTEM, in STEM the electron beam is focused to a fine spot (with the typical spot size 0.05 - 0.2 nm) which is then scanned over the sample in a raster illumination system constructed so that the sample is illuminated at each point with the beam parallel to the optical axis. (wikipedia.org)
Directly interpretable Z-contrast imaging makes STEM imaging with a high-angle detector an appealing technique in contrast to conventional high resolution electron microscopy, in which phase-contrast effects mean that atomic resolution images must be compared to simulations to aid interpretation. (wikipedia.org)
The basics, present status and future prospects of high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) are described in the form of a textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. (abebooks.com)
The contrast of dislocation loops, cavities, and a stacking fault tetrahedra (SFT) are simulated in weak beam, interfering reflections (HRTEM), and scanned condensed electron probe (STEM) mode. (epfl.ch)
Bright-field (BF), high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) and secondary electron (SE) imaging of nZVI acquired by a Hitachi HD-2700 STEM show near atomic resolution images and detailed morphological and structural information of nZVI. (rsc.org)
Fixed whole cells in saline water were imaged with fluorescence microscopy and subsequently with STEM. (nih.gov)
The new possibilities of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) extend far beyond the factor of 2 or more in lateral resolution that was the original motivation. (royalsocietypublishing.org)

Electron tomography in materials science has flourished with the demand to characterize nanoscale materials in three dimensions (3D). (osti.gov)
This is because sections of the crystalline material that satisfy the Laue conditions may be heterogeneously distributed such that electron scattering vectors vary over nanoscale regions. (spie.org)
For example, the invention of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed us to observe nanoscale phenomena for the first time in the 1930s and even now it is invaluable in the development of smaller, faster electronics. (src.org)
Recently, by combining the spatial resolution of a TEM with the temporal resolution of ultrafast lasers, ultrafast electron microscopyor microscope(UEM) has allowed us to simultaneously observe transient nanoscale phenomena at ultrafast timescales. (src.org)
Combined tilt- and focal series scanning transmission electron microscopy is a recently developed method to obtain nanoscale three-dimensional (3D) information of thin specimens. (diva-portal.org)

For better understanding of soot formation and oxidation processes in a biodiesel spray flame, the morphology, microstructure and sizes of soot particles directly sampled in a spray flame fuelled with soy-methyl ester were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (sae.org)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a unique tool to visualize polymer morphology: an intimate organization of the matter, encompassing crystalline features in semicrystalline polymers and a kaleidoscopic collection of patterns produced by microseparated phases in polymer blends. (chemie.de)
One of these methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), is an essential instrument for elucidating the ultrastructural morphology of cells and tissue. (linkos.cz)
Atomic-scale and three-dimensional transmission electron microscopy of nanoparticle morphology (Doctoral thesis). (cam.ac.uk)
This thesis addresses transmission electron microscope characterisation of nanoparticle morphology, concerning specifically the crystal- lographic status of novel intermetallic GaPd2 nanocatalysts and advancement of electron tomographic methods for high-fidelity three-dimensional analysis. (cam.ac.uk)

The method includes the step of discriminating base-specific labels of heavy elements using a magnified image of elongated single-chain DNA or RNA produced by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). (freepatentsonline.com)

As with a conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM), images are formed by electrons passing through a sufficiently thin specimen. (wikipedia.org)
Once frozen, images of the specimen are recorded at low temperature using a specially designed electron microscope equipped with a cryo-holder capable of operating under low dose conditions in order to prevent beam induced structural damage to the specimen. (astm.org)
This makes them difficult to find and measure in electron micrographs when their relative concentration in the specimen is low, meaning that few are left behind after blotting. (astm.org)
Transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) is an imaging technique whereby a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen, then an image is formed, magnified and directed to appear either on a fluorescent screen or layer of photographic film (see electron microscope ), or to be detected by a sensor such as a CCD camera . (wikidoc.org)
An electron cryomicroscope is a TEM with a specimen holder capable of maintaining the specimen at liquid nitrogen or liquid helium temperatures. (wikidoc.org)
An analytical TEM is one equipped with detectors that can determine the elemental composition of the specimen by analysing its X-ray spectrum or the energy-loss spectrum of the transmitted electrons. (wikidoc.org)
In a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a thin specimen (ideally ≤ 100 nm) is exposed to a high-energy (typically 60 - 300 keV) electron beam. (psu.edu)
Play media Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. (wikipedia.org)
An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. (wikipedia.org)
Transmission Electron Microscopy Specimen Preparation and Viewing Techniques. (wisconsin.edu)
In 2019, we collected a bile specimen from a patient with scrub typhus through percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage and performed transmission electron microscopy to confirm the ultrastructure of Orientia tsutsugamushi . (cdc.gov)
The sequencer consists mainly of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) for producing magnified visible images of DNA molecules and parts and involving specimen adjustment, TEM imaging, and image analysis. (freepatentsonline.com)
Structural changes are visualized by varying the arrival time of the pump laser pulse relative to the probe electron packet at the specimen. (spie.org)

The addition of an aberration corrector to STEMs enables electron probes to be focused to sub- ångström diameters, allowing images with sub- ångström resolution to be acquired. (wikipedia.org)
The advent of aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy technology is now giving resolutions below 0.05 nanometers enabling single atoms to be directly viewed and analyzed. (icmab.es)
The last 15 years have seen a revolution in transmission electron microscopy with the development of aberration correction and computer control. (cea.fr)

The team explains that transmission electron microscopy (TEM) relies on a high-energy beam of electrons that passes through a sample. (eurekalert.org)
Like all matter, electrons have both wave and particle properties (as theorized by Louis-Victor de Broglie), and their wave-like properties mean that a beam of electrons can in some circumstances be made to behave like a beam of radiation. (wikidoc.org)

The transmission electron microscope (TEM) has been an essential tool for research in cell biology since its development in the 1950s and continues to aid in elucidating the complex architecture of the nervous system including membrane appositions between pre and postsynaptic structures, glia-neuron processes, glia-blood vessel contacts as well as the precise localization of membrane bound antigens by immunolabeling methods. (massgeneral.org)
Concise and easy-to-use, Transmission Electron Microscopy Methods for Understanding the Brain aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field. (springer.com)
82, No. 37, Feb. 27, 2017]) for public comment the availability of a draft chapter entitled, "Analysis of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers on Mixed Cellulose Ester Filters by Transmission Electron Microscopy," to be published in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM). (cdc.gov)
Volume I concentrates on the newly developed concepts and methods which are making TEM a powerful and indispensible tool in materials science.Zhang, Xiao-Feng is the author of 'Progress in Transmission Electron Microscopy 1 Concepts and Techniques' with ISBN 9783540676805 and ISBN 3540676805. (valorebooks.com)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is revisited in order to define methods for the identification of nanometric defects. (epfl.ch)
Strategies are discussed to distinguish interdiffusion and segregation and to measure key parameters such as diffusivities and segregation lengths in semiconductor quantum dots and quantum wells by electron microscopy methods. (mdpi.com)
Sometimes we need another methods, like iFISH, PCR, sequencing or electron microscopy, to more accurate determine of disease. (linkos.cz)

The FemTOTEM project aims at developing an Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscope (UTEM) based on a high brightness laser-driven cold field emission electron source. (cemes.fr)

This work is based on experiences acquired by the authors regarding often asked questions and problems during manifold education of beginners in analytical transmission electron microscopy. (springer.com)
Afterwards he expanded his field of work to analytical transmission electron microscopy. (springer.com)
Transmission electron microscopy is a major analytical method in the physical, chemical and biological sciences. (wikipedia.org)
The other instruments include a fully analytical Transmission Electron Microscope, a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope and an analytical high resolution scanning electron microscope. (nrf.ac.za)

First, we will demonstrate and characterize laser driven field emission from the customized electron source of a commercial 200kV TEM. (cemes.fr)
Our aim is to characterize by electron microscopy the cellular profile of lesions caused by Sporothrix schenckii from the sporotrichosis epidemic in its zoonotic form that occurs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (ajtmh.org)

Scanning electron microscope studies are performed through access to a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) housed within the CHIPs facility. (hutton.ac.uk)

Clearly, a short course would be impractical if our goal was to become thorough experts, knowledgeable in all aspects of theory and practice of electron microscopy. (minsocam.org)

In 1925, Louis de Broglie first theorized the wave-like properties of an electron, with a wavelength substantially smaller than visible light. (wikipedia.org)

Serial sectioning transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM) is used in order to gain three dimensional information on ultrastructural level by imaging continuous series of ultra-thin sections. (uni-tuebingen.de)
We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for highlighting the ultrastructural features of cancer cells, both in primary and secondary tumors. (spie.org)

This type of investigation can be done without changing the TEM construction by using specially designed TEM holders such as TEM holder with a piezo actuator (even without the feedback system, it will be called the TEM/STM (scanning tunneling microscopy) holder in this report) [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. (intechopen.com)
The technology of the scanning tunneling microscope is adopted to allow nanometer scale positioning of a sharp, conductive diamond tip onto the edge of an electron transparent sample. (unt.edu)
Impact of particulate contamination in crystalloid cardioplegic solutions: studies by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. (nih.gov)
In order to determine the chemical composition and the potential hazards of the particulate material we used scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy to examine specimens taken from heart tissue obtained from Göttinger minipigs after cardioplegia and from humans undergoing mitral valve replacement after cardioplegia and reperfusion. (nih.gov)
We demonstrate a method for compositional mapping of Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}As heterostructures with high accuracy and unit cell spatial resolution using quantitative high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. (osti.gov)
Scanning electron microscopy has shown etching of a porous silicon layer in an HF solution to be irregular. (ebscohost.com)
like optical microscopy or scanning electron microscopy before we use TEM. (coursera.org)
While no Cu diffusion was evident after annealing at 900 degrees C, scanning transmission electron microscopy images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry maps show a uniform diffusion layer of about 12 nm after annealing at 1000 degrees C for 12 h. (diva-portal.org)
Visualization of DNA by Scanning Probe Microscopy" (in Japanese), Hiroyuki Tanaka et al. (freepatentsonline.com)
InAs quantum dots inserted at the middle of a GaAs quantum well structure have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. (ebscohost.com)
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Of Nanomaterials: Basics Of Imaging And Analysis Edition by Nobuo Tanaka and Publisher ICP. (vitalsource.com)

In the work, we systematically investigate the microstructural properties of (110) oriented heterostructures on GaAs substrates by means of different transmission electron microscopy techniques. (hu-berlin.de)

The Wisconsin MRSEC has launched development of an ultrafast camera for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in partnership with Direct Electron, Inc., a US-based small business. (mrsec.org)
With ultrafast transmission electron microscopy (UTEM), access can be gained to the spatiotemporal scales required to directly visualize rapid, non-equilibrium structural dynamics of materials. (spie.org)

In-situ transmission electron microscopy is an established experimental technique that permits direct observation of the dynamics and mechanisms of dislocation motion and deformation behavior. (unt.edu)

This practically- oriented textbook represents a clear and comprehensible introduction for all persons who want to use a transmission electron microscope in practice but who are not specially qualified electron microscopists up to now. (springer.com)

The Centre for High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) in Port Elizabeth is a facility for advanced electron microscopy research of materials from the micro to atomic scale. (nrf.ac.za)

In situ transmission electron microscopy (in situ TEM) with capability to measure electrical properties is an effective method to dynamically correlate electric properties with microstructures. (intechopen.com)
In situ electron microscopy provides a clear platform for utilizing automated image analysis. (nature.com)
This is particularly true for in situ electron microscopy experiments, where high-resolution images are captured at very high frame rates. (nature.com)
Moreover, recent developments in the field known as in-situ electron microscopy allow these techniques to be performed on working devices. (cea.fr)

The rapidly evolving field of electron microscopy touches nearly every aspect of modern life, underpinning impactful materials discoveries in applications such as quantum information science, energy, and medicine. (nist.gov)
The largest and most comprehensive selection of transmission electron microscopy grids, support films and SiN membranes for all TEM applications in life science, materials sciences, semiconductor and nanotechnology. (tedpella.com)
Electron microscopy has revolutionized our understanding the extraordinary intellectual demands required of the mi- of materials by completing the processing-structure-prop- croscopist in order to do the job properly: crystallography, erties links down to atomistic levels. (springer.com)
Today, one has to understand the fundamentals ties of modem transmission electron microscopy-TEM- of all of these areas before one can hope to tackle signifi- instruments to provide almost all of the structural, phase, cant problems in materials science. (springer.com)
It is also essential that suitable texts be available are, of course, based in physics, so aspiring materials sci- for the preparation of the students and researchers who must entists would be well advised to have prior exposure to, for carry out electron microscopy properly and quantitatively. (springer.com)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is now recognized as a crucial tool in materials science. (valorebooks.com)
This combination of femtosecond time resolution, high brightness (allowing high spatial resolution and coherence of electrons) and energy resolution will have a unique potential for frontier research in nanophysics and materials science. (cemes.fr)
From energy materials to disease diagnostics, new microscopy techniques can provide more nuanced insight. (mtu.edu)
Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon Carbonitride Investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) ", Key Engineering Materials, Vols. (scientific.net)
Electron microscopy studies of the materials play a vital role in the work, since they provide uniquely detailed structural and chemical information on all important length scales. (royalsocietypublishing.org)

For example, the team found that when a cell was imaged--and was exposed to significant electron flux for the first time--observed nanoparticle movement relative to the cell membrane was a result of cell damage. (eurekalert.org)

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Soot Particles sampled directly from a Biodiesel Spray Flame," SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-2046, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2046 . (sae.org)

Transmission electron microscopy is a unique tool to investigate these intimate organizations, in interrelation with scattering and thermomechanical experiments. (chemie.de)

similarly with electron microscopy, compounds of heavy metals such as osmium , lead or uranium can be used to selectively deposit heavy atoms in the sample and enhance structural detail, the dense nuclei of the heavy atoms scatter the electrons out of the optical path. (wikidoc.org)

In this study, fluorescently-labelled chitosan NPs were administered in vitro to a neuronal cell line, and diaminobenzidine (DAB) photoconversion was applied to correlate fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy to precisely describe the NPs intracellular fate. (sigmaaldrich.com)

With improved detector quantum efficiency (DQE) and a 10-times shorter exposure time over the entire spatial frequency range, the Falcon 4 Detector is truly the next generation in direct electron detection. (thermofisher.com)
Semiconductor quantum domain systems include quantum wells (QWs), quantum nanowires (QNWs) and quantum dots (QDs) where charge carriers (electrons and/or holes) are spatially confined so they can only move in either two (QW), one (QNW) or zero (QD) dimensions and the lateral dimensions are so small that they influence the carrier confinement energies. (mdpi.com)
The defect structures of strained InxGa1-xAs/GaAs quantum wells with 0.28â‰¤xâ‰¤1.00, which were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (001), have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. (ebscohost.com)
Investigates the defect structure of optically degraded ZnCdSe quantum wells using transmission electron microscopy. (ebscohost.com)
Examines strained layer In[subx]Ga[sub1-x]As/GaAs quantum wells by photoluminescence and transmission electron microscopy. (ebscohost.com)
Presents a study that determined the atomic structure of GaInAs quantum wells between AlInAs barriers using transmission electron microscopy and luminescence line-shape analysis. (ebscohost.com)

Since the native properties of the sample may be altered or changed by the effects of these electron beam-generated radicals," Shokuhfar says, "understanding the chemistry changes of a liquid sample as a result of electron irradiation is key to correct interpretation of data collected with this technique. (eurekalert.org)
The goal of is to provide a comprehensive series of chapters on how this tool can be used to study the brain with a strong emphasis on successful hands‐on application of the electron microscopy technique. (springer.com)
Brorson SH, Skjorten F (1996) Improved technique for immunoelectron microscopy. (springer.com)
A technique known as freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy was used for the described studies. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
Freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a technique that provides deep insight into emulsion structures. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)

The second reason is that larger liposomes that are left behind on the EM grid, are often embedded in thicker ice that is too thick for the electron beam to either penetrate or, if it does, results in images that are too low in quality to provide adequate signal for image processing. (astm.org)

Data collected on the Krios G4 Cryo-TEM with the Falcon 4 Direct Electron Detector. (thermofisher.com)

In the past much of the work within electron microscopy was primarily focused on the analysis of plant viruses and their interactions with host plants. (hutton.ac.uk)
Cross-sectional and plan-view transmission electron micrograph analysis of the structure of porous silicon reveals that the pore walls are also porous, yielding a large distribution of pore sizes for a given porous silicon sample. (ebscohost.com)
Chapters 4 and 5 consider chemical analysis on a micro-scale using emitted xrays and transmitted electrons, respectively. (minsocam.org)
The present article reviews applications of, primarily, transmission electron microscopy in critical areas ranging from epitaxial growth through to final device analysis. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
Transmission electron microscopy/qualitative analysis. (scielo.br)

Estimates of historical exposures by phase contrast and transmission electron microscopy in North Carolina USA asbestos textile plants. (cdc.gov)

The main principle underpinning these imaging techniques is that the detectors are designed such that they mostly collect high-angle scattered electrons, thus minimizing the contribution of elastically scattered electrons to the image. (merlot.org)
It combines many of the functions of standard mineralogical instruments such as (a) the petrographic microscope for optical and textural studies, (b) x-ray diffractometer for structural data, (c) electron microprobe analyzer for determining chemical composition, as well as (d) several other spectroscopic instruments and techniques for more specialized measurements. (minsocam.org)
Graphene liquid cell electron microscopy can be used to observe nanocrystal dynamics in a liquid environment with greater spatial resolution than other liquid cell electron microscopy techniques. (jove.com)

A second laser pulse, delayed, will trigger the emission of ultrashort electron pulses used to probe the sample. (cemes.fr)
This is achieved by operating a transmission electron microscope (TEM) in a stroboscopic pump-probe fashion by photoelectrically generating coherent, well-timed electron packets in the gun region of the TEM. (spie.org)

A system allowing light injection and collection on the TEM sample, already installed, will allow us to perform original experiments involving electrons and photons. (cemes.fr)

He received his doctoral degree on high-resolution transmission electron microscopy in the group of Prof. Manfred Rühle at the Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung in Stuttgart in 1998. (springer.com)
Such coated TEM grids are very much desired for applications in high-temperature high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. (hindawi.com)
Major TEM makers include JEOL, Hitachi High-technologies, FEI Company (from merging with Philips Electron Optics) and Carl Zeiss . (wikidoc.org)
The single-crystalline structure of the TiN layer is stable up to annealing temperatures of 1000 degrees C as shown by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. (diva-portal.org)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a useful tool for observing extremely small objects with a high resolution. (wisconsin.edu)
Hosseiny, H. Transmission Electron Microscopy of XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Grown on High Dose of Oﬂoxacin. (mdpi.com)
Arjomandzadegan M, Sadrnia M, Titov L, Surkova L, Sarmadian H, Ghasemikhah R, Hosseiny H. Transmission Electron Microscopy of XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Grown on High Dose of Oﬂoxacin. (mdpi.com)
The combination of strongly-packed honeycomb-lattice, high Young's modulus, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and mesoscale flexibility of the single graphene monolayer reduced the permeability of cells under TEM conditions, significantly abated electron beam damage and cell-delamination from substrate. (aps.org)

Fig. 1 illustrates this by comparing an electron micrograph from an air-dried negatively stained liposomal preparation with an electron micrograph of the same solution imaged by cryo-TEM. (astm.org)

Anatomy37

Organisms24

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs48

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment70

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes52

Disciplines and Occupations8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science11

Named Groups1

Health Care20

Geographicals1

Listeria species escape from the phagosomes of interleukin-4-deactivated human macrophages independent of listeriolysin. (1/6740)

Mapping key functional sites within yeast TFIID. (2/6740)

Constitutive versus regulated SNARE assembly: a structural basis. (3/6740)

A differential role for actin during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei. (4/6740)

A lysosomal tetraspanin associated with retinal degeneration identified via a genome-wide screen. (5/6740)

Capacitance measurements of exocytosis in mouse pancreatic alpha-, beta- and delta-cells within intact islets of Langerhans. (6/6740)

Malignant myoepithelial cells are associated with the differentiated papillary structure and metastatic ability of a syngeneic murine mammary adenocarcinoma model. (7/6740)

Sexually dimorphic metabolism of branched-chain lipids in C57BL/6J mice. (8/6740)

Microscopy, Electron

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

Microscopy

Electrons

Electron Transport

Synaptic Transmission

Microscopy, Confocal

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Disease Transmission, Infectious

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission

Microscopy, Atomic Force

Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical

Microscopy, Immunoelectron

Cryoelectron Microscopy

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton

Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling

Microscopy, Phase-Contrast

Molecular Sequence Data

Microscopy, Video

Electron Probe Microanalysis

Insect Vectors

Microscopy, Interference

Microscopy, Polarization

Time Factors

Cell Membrane

Oxidation-Reduction

Staining and Labeling

HIV Infections

Cells, Cultured

Synapses

Disease Outbreaks

Models, Biological

Amino Acid Sequence

Microscopy, Scanning Probe

Immunohistochemistry

Kinetics

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Freeze Fracturing

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Models, Molecular

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Cattle

Cell Line

Neurons

Fluorescent Dyes

Mutation

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials

Phylogeny

Electron Transport Complex IV

Surface Properties

Microscopy, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron

Rabbits

Histocytochemistry

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Malaria

Protein Conformation

Particle Size

Disease Vectors

Anopheles

Cytoplasm

Bacterial Proteins

Zoonoses

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Electron Transport Complex III

Gold

Temperature

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Disease Reservoirs

Negative Staining

Pregnancy

Mitochondria

Base Sequence

Presynaptic Terminals

Protein Binding

Light

Membrane Proteins

Electric Stimulation

Rats, Wistar