Microscopy electron scanning. Medical search

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.

The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a probe systematically rides across the surface of a sample being scanned in a raster pattern. The vertical position is recorded as a spring attached to the probe rises and falls in response to peaks and valleys on the surface. These deflections produce a topographic map of the sample.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

A type of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY in which the object is examined directly by an extremely narrow electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point and using the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen to create the image. It should not be confused with SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Electron microscopy involving rapid freezing of the samples. The imaging of frozen-hydrated molecules and organelles permits the best possible resolution closest to the living state, free of chemical fixatives or stains.

A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.

Fluorescence microscopy utilizing multiple low-energy photons to produce the excitation event of the fluorophore. Multiphoton microscopes have a simplified optical path in the emission side due to the lack of an emission pinhole, which is necessary with normal confocal microscopes. Ultimately this allows spatial isolation of the excitation event, enabling deeper imaging into optically thick tissue, while restricting photobleaching and phototoxicity to the area being imaged.

A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a very sharp conducting needle is swept just a few angstroms above the surface of a sample. The tiny tunneling current that flows between the sample and the needle tip is measured, and from this are produced three-dimensional topographs. Due to the poor electron conductivity of most biological samples, thin metal coatings are deposited on the sample.

Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.

A form of interference microscopy in which variations of the refracting index in the object are converted into variations of intensity in the image. This is achieved by the action of a phase plate.

Microscopy using polarized light in which phenomena due to the preferential orientation of optical properties with respect to the vibration plane of the polarized light are made visible and correlated parameters are made measurable.

The science and application of a double-beam transmission interference microscope in which the illuminating light beam is split into two paths. One beam passes through the specimen while the other beam reflects off a reference mirror before joining and interfering with the other. The observed optical path difference between the two beams can be measured and used to discriminate minute differences in thickness and refraction of non-stained transparent specimens, such as living cells in culture.

Identification and measurement of ELEMENTS and their location based on the fact that X-RAYS emitted by an element excited by an electron beam have a wavelength characteristic of that element and an intensity related to its concentration. It is performed with an electron microscope fitted with an x-ray spectrometer, in scanning or transmission mode.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

Scanning microscopy in which a very sharp probe is employed in close proximity to a surface, exploiting a particular surface-related property. When this property is local topography, the method is atomic force microscopy (MICROSCOPY, ATOMIC FORCE), and when it is local conductivity, the method is scanning tunneling microscopy (MICROSCOPY, SCANNING TUNNELING).

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.

A multisubunit enzyme complex containing CYTOCHROME A GROUP; CYTOCHROME A3; two copper atoms; and 13 different protein subunits. It is the terminal oxidase complex of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN and collects electrons that are transferred from the reduced CYTOCHROME C GROUP and donates them to molecular OXYGEN, which is then reduced to water. The redox reaction is simultaneously coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

A multisubunit enzyme complex that contains CYTOCHROME B GROUP; CYTOCHROME C1; and iron-sulfur centers. It catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol to UBIQUINONE, and transfers the electrons to CYTOCHROME C. In MITOCHONDRIA the redox reaction is coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.

A scientific tool based on ULTRASONOGRAPHY and used not only for the observation of microstructure in metalwork but also in living tissue. In biomedical application, the acoustic propagation speed in normal and abnormal tissues can be quantified to distinguish their tissue elasticity and other properties.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The technique of washing tissue specimens with a concentrated solution of a heavy metal salt and letting it dry. The specimen will be covered with a very thin layer of the metal salt, being excluded in areas where an adsorbed macromolecule is present. The macromolecules allow electrons from the beam of an electron microscope to pass much more readily than the heavy metal; thus, a reversed or negative image of the molecule is created.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Relating to the size of solids.

The technique of using a microtome to cut thin or ultrathin sections of tissues embedded in a supporting substance. The microtome is an instrument that hold a steel, glass or diamond knife in clamps at an angle to the blocks of prepared tissues, which it cuts in sections of equal thickness.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

An analytical transmission electron microscopy method using an electron microscope fitted with an energy filtering lens. The method is based on the principle that some of the ELECTRONS passing through the specimen will lose energy when they ionize inner shell electrons of the atoms in the specimen. The amount of energy loss is dependent upon the element. Analysis of the energy loss spectrum (ELECTRON ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY) reveals the elemental composition of a specimen. It is used analytically and quantitatively to determine which, how much of, and where specific ELEMENTS are in a sample. For example, it is used for elemental mapping of PHOSPHORUS to trace the strands of NUCLEIC ACIDS in nucleoprotein complexes.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.

A replica technique in which cells are frozen to a very low temperature and cracked with a knife blade to expose the interior surfaces of the cells or cell membranes. The cracked cell surfaces are then freeze-dried to expose their constituents. The surfaces are now ready for shadowing to be viewed using an electron microscope. This method differs from freeze-fracturing in that no cryoprotectant is used and, thus, allows for the sublimation of water during the freeze-drying process to etch the surfaces.

Methods of preparing tissue for examination and study of the origin, structure, function, or pathology.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

An organization of cells into an organ-like structure. Organoids can be generated in culture. They are also found in certain neoplasms.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A complex of enzymes and PROTON PUMPS located on the inner membrane of the MITOCHONDRIA and in bacterial membranes. The protein complex provides energy in the form of an electrochemical gradient, which may be used by either MITOCHONDRIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES or BACTERIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

A tissue preparation technique that involves the injecting of plastic (acrylates) into blood vessels or other hollow viscera and treating the tissue with a caustic substance. This results in a negative copy or a solid replica of the enclosed space of the tissue that is ready for viewing under a scanning electron microscope.

A flavoprotein and iron sulfur-containing oxidoreductase complex that catalyzes the conversion of UBIQUINONE to ubiquinol. In MITOCHONDRIA the complex also couples its reaction to the transport of PROTONS across the internal mitochondrial membrane. The NADH DEHYDROGENASE component of the complex can be isolated and is listed as EC 1.6.99.3.

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

A group of cytochromes with covalent thioether linkages between either or both of the vinyl side chains of protoheme and the protein. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539)

The technique of using a cryostat or freezing microtome, in which the temperature is regulated to -20 degrees Celsius, to cut ultrathin frozen sections for microscopic (usually, electron microscopic) examination.

Protein complexes that take part in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS. They are located within the THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of plant CHLOROPLASTS and a variety of structures in more primitive organisms. There are two major complexes involved in the photosynthetic process called PHOTOSYSTEM I and PHOTOSYSTEM II.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

Specific particles of membrane-bound organized living substances present in eukaryotic cells, such as the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Hemeproteins whose characteristic mode of action involves transfer of reducing equivalents which are associated with a reversible change in oxidation state of the prosthetic group. Formally, this redox change involves a single-electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539). The various cytochrome subclasses are organized by the type of HEME and by the wavelength range of their reduced alpha-absorption bands.

Tungsten hydroxide oxide phosphate. A white or slightly yellowish-green, slightly efflorescent crystal or crystalline powder. It is used as a reagent for alkaloids and many other nitrogen bases, for phenols, albumin, peptone, amino acids, uric acid, urea, blood, and carbohydrates. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

An area showing altered staining behavior in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a virus-infected cell. Some inclusion bodies represent "virus factories" in which viral nucleic acid or protein is being synthesized; others are merely artifacts of fixation and staining. One example, Negri bodies, are found in the cytoplasm or processes of nerve cells in animals that have died from rabies.

Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.

The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.

Osmium. A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Molecules which contain an atom or a group of atoms exhibiting an unpaired electron spin that can be detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and can be bonded to another molecule. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The technique of placing cells or tissue in a supporting medium so that thin sections can be cut using a microtome. The medium can be paraffin wax (PARAFFIN EMBEDDING) or plastics (PLASTIC EMBEDDING) such as epoxy resins.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

A large multisubunit protein complex that is found in the THYLAKOID MEMBRANE. It uses light energy derived from LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES to drive electron transfer reactions that result in either the reduction of NADP to NADPH or the transport of PROTONS across the membrane.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

Discrete concentrations of energy, apparently massless elementary particles, that move at the speed of light. They are the unit or quantum of electromagnetic radiation. Photons are emitted when electrons move from one energy state to another. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (e.g., lead or viruses) or metabolically inactive materials (e.g., ceroid or MALLORY BODIES), within the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell. Inclusion bodies are in cells infected with certain filtrable viruses, observed especially in nerve, epithelial, or endothelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

Iron-containing proteins that transfer electrons, usually at a low potential, to flavoproteins; the iron is not present as in heme. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.

Materials which have structured components with at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. These include NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; and NANOWIRES.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A modification of the freeze-drying method in which the ice within the frozen tissue is replaced by alcohol or other solvent at a very low temperature.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.

The diversion of RADIATION (thermal, electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result of interactions or collisions with atoms, molecules, or larger particles in the atmosphere or other media. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid, H3Fe(CN)6.

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.

Microscopy in which the image is formed by ultraviolet radiation and is displayed and recorded by means of photographic film.

Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of the scattered light.

A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules.

A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A technique for analysis of the chemical composition of molecules. A substance is bombarded with monochromatic ELECTRONS. Some of the electrons passing through the specimen will lose energy when they ionize inner shell electrons of the atoms in the specimen. The energy loss is element dependent. Analysis of the energy loss spectrum reveals the elemental composition of a specimen. ENERGY-FILTERED TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY is a type of electron energy loss spectroscopy carried out in electron microscopes specially outfitted to analyze the spectrum of electron energy loss.

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

The study of PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and PHYSICAL PROCESSES as applied to living things.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

A representation, generally small in scale, to show the structure, construction, or appearance of something. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Direct contact of a cell with a neighboring cell. Most such junctions are too small to be resolved by light microscopy, but they can be visualized by conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, both of which show that the interacting CELL MEMBRANE and often the underlying CYTOPLASM and the intervening EXTRACELLULAR SPACE are highly specialized in these regions. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p792)

Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.

A large multisubunit protein complex found in the THYLAKOID MEMBRANE. It uses light energy derived from LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES to catalyze the splitting of WATER into DIOXYGEN and of reducing equivalents of HYDROGEN.

Techniques to partition various components of the cell into SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

A class of morphologically heterogeneous cytoplasmic particles in animal and plant tissues characterized by their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the structure-linked latency of these enzymes. The intracellular functions of lysosomes depend on their lytic potential. The single unit membrane of the lysosome acts as a barrier between the enzymes enclosed in the lysosome and the external substrate. The activity of the enzymes contained in lysosomes is limited or nil unless the vesicle in which they are enclosed is ruptured. Such rupture is supposed to be under metabolic (hormonal) control. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.

The spectrometric analysis of fluorescent X-RAYS, i.e. X-rays emitted after bombarding matter with high energy particles such as PROTONS; ELECTRONS; or higher energy X-rays. Identification of ELEMENTS by this technique is based on the specific type of X-rays that are emitted which are characteristic of the specific elements in the material being analyzed. The characteristic X-rays are distinguished and/or quantified by either wavelength dispersive or energy dispersive methods.

Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.

A group of proteins possessing only the iron-sulfur complex as the prosthetic group. These proteins participate in all major pathways of electron transport: photosynthesis, respiration, hydroxylation and bacterial hydrogen and nitrogen fixation.

Spherical phototrophic bacteria found in mud and stagnant water exposed to light.

The recording of images in three-dimensional form on a photographic film by exposing it to a laser beam reflected from the object under study.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

The physical characteristics and processes of biological systems.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods. It is a saprophytic, marine organism which is often isolated from spoiling fish.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

An allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is obtained by mining and its dust can cause lung irritation.

Methods used to study CELLS.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments.

The study of the structure, behavior, growth, reproduction, and pathology of cells; and the function and chemistry of cellular components.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.

A specialized field of physics and engineering involved in studying the behavior and properties of light and the technology of analyzing, generating, transmitting, and manipulating ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet range.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

Minute projections of cell membranes which greatly increase the surface area of the cell.

A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)

A family of 3,6-di(substituted-amino)-9-benzoate derivatives of xanthene that are used as dyes and as indicators for various metals; also used as fluorescent tracers in histochemistry.

A pre-emergent herbicide.

Recording serial images of a process at regular intervals spaced out over a longer period of time than the time in which the recordings will be played back.

The role of RBF in the introduction of G1 regulation during Drosophila embryogenesis. (1/10657)

The first appearance of G1 during Drosophila embryogenesis, at cell cycle 17, is accompanied by the down-regulation of E2F-dependent transcription. Mutant alleles of rbf were generated and analyzed to determine the role of RBF in this process. Embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic RBF products show constitutive expression of PCNA and RNR2, two E2F-regulated genes, indicating that RBF is required for their transcriptional repression. Despite the ubiquitous expression of E2F target genes, most epidermal cells enter G1 normally. Rather than pausing in G1 until the appropriate time for cell cycle progression, many of these cells enter an ectopic S-phase. These results indicate that the repression of E2F target genes by RBF is necessary for the maintenance but not the initiation of a G1 phase. The phenotype of RBF-deficient embryos suggests that rbf has a function that is complementary to the roles of dacapo and fizzy-related in the introduction of G1 during Drosophila embryogenesis. (+info)

The postnatal development of the alimentary canal in the opossum. I. Oesophagus. (2/10657)

The oesophageal epithelium of the newborn opossum generally is two to three cells in depth and in some regions appears pseudostratified. By the 9th postnatal day the epithelium shows two distinct strata. Ciliated cells and occasional goblet cells also are observed within the epithelium during this stage and in subsequent stages. Cilia persist in the oesophagus of the adult opossum, but are restricted to the depths of the transverse folds found in the distal part of the organ. The epithelium covering the transverse folds of the adult likewise has an immature appearance. By 4-5 cm (ca. 20 days), the epithelium has assumed a more mature appearance and is of greater depth. This and later stages show three basic strata: a germinal layer, a spinous layer and, adjacent to the lumen, a flattened layer of cells that retain their nuclei. The epithelium throughout the postnatal period and in the adult does not undergo complete keratinization. The oesophageal glands begin as outgrowths from the epithelium just prior to 4-5 cm (ca. 20 days). The glands continue their development throughout the remainder of the postnatal period. The secretory units of the oesophageal glands of the the major portion of the secretory elements, and a light, rounded cell type which is less numerous and which occupies the terminal portions of the secretory units. Secretory material of the former appears complex, consisting of both neutral and acid glycoproteins. The secretory product of the light cell type is unknown at present. Both cell types are encompassed by myoepithelial cells. The relationship of the mitotic sequences to the observations made by microscopic examination of the developing oesophagus is discussed. (+info)

Collagen fiber arrangement in canine hepatic venules. (3/10657)

Cell-maceration/scanning electron microscopy, serial sections and scanning electron microscopy of vascular resin casts were employed to demonstrate the arrangement of collagen fibers in the terminal hepatic venules, involving the central, intercalated and collecting veins in dog liver. In cell-maceration specimens, each collagen fiber was observed to run in various directions, forming a sheath with a compact meshwork of collagen fibers. The collagenous meshwork in the hepatic venules was looser than those of the terminal portal venules and hepatic arterioles. Some collagen fibers formed bundles with an elongated spiral arrangement encircling the wall of the terminal hepatic venules. In resin casts, these venules were observed as a twisted configuration caused by spiral collagen bundles. A helical modification of such connective tissue bundles might provide a mechanically stable vascular structure and permit reversible changes in linear and circumferential vascular dimensions at the terminal tributaries of veins. Round or oval pores with diameters of approximately 9 microns were also observed in the sheath of collagen fibers. These pores, together with the relatively loose collagenous meshwork in the hepatic venules, might play a role in lymphocyte migration from these venules into the surrounding tissue and provide high permeability to the venule walls. No such helical configuration and pores were observed in either the portal venules or the hepatic arterioles. (+info)

Obstructive uropathy and hydronephrosis in male KK-Ay mice: a report of cases. (4/10657)

Uropathy associated with hydronephrosis was observed frequently in our male KK-Ay mouse colony during a long-term study of diabetes. The lesion occurred in 24 of the 31 KK-Ay male mice and accounted for the greatest number of spontaneous deaths among them. It was observed after 4 months of age and involved about hard plugs of altered seminal material resembling the seminal vesicle secretion. The plugs became impacted in the urethral bulb and the bladder. The penile anatomy, with its flexure, pressure on the urethra from the bulbocavernosus muscle, and the characteristic ability of the seminal fluid to easily coagulate to form the vaginal plug may have contributed to the lesion. Correlation between development of the uropathy and diabetes has not been established. (+info)

Perturbation of mammalian cell division. III. The topography and kinetics of extrusion subdivision. (5/10657)

If mitotic-arrested, cold-stored HeLa cells are incubated at 37 degrees C a proportion of the population divides by an aberrant process which we have called subdivision by extrusion. This process has been studied by time-lapse photography and shown to differ from normal cleavage in several respects. The cell surface becomes more generally mobile and, instead of producing the precisely localized furrowing activity of cytokinesis, gives rise to multiple surface protrusions. These protrusions enlarge at the expense of the parent cell and develop into a cluster of small daughter cells (mini segregants). The surface structure of the cell, as seen by scanning electron microscopy, also changes; the microvilli characteristic of interphase, metaphase and cleaving HeLa cells are lost during extrusion and the cell surface becomes smooth. Extrusion activity is much more variable than division by cleavage in terms of both topography and kinetics, and in general takes longer to complete. Some cells in the cold-treated populations divide by mixtures of cleavage and extrusion or by cleavage alone. The relative numbers of cells dividing in different ways vary with the conditions of pretreatment and incubation of the mitotic cells. The greater the perturbation (e.g. longer cold storage), the greater the proportion of extruding rather than cleaving cells. Human diploid cells can also be induced to subdivide by extrusion. Possible mechanisms underlying the different types of division activity are discussed. (+info)

Kodamaea nitidulidarum, Candida restingae and Kodamaea anthophila, three new related yeast species from ephemeral flowers. (6/10657)

Three new yeast species were discovered during studies of yeasts associated with ephemeral flowers in Brazil, Australia and Hawaii. Their physiological and morphological similarity to Kodamaea (Pichia) ohmeri suggested a possible relationship to that species, which was confirmed by rDNA sequencing. Kodamaea nitidulidarum and Candida restingae were found in cactus flowers and associated nitidulid beetles in sand dune ecosystems (restinga) of South-eastern Brazil. Over 350 strains of Kodamaea anthophila were isolated from Hibiscus and morning glory flowers (Ipomoea spp.) in Australia, and from associated nitidulid beetles and Drosophila hibisci. A single isolate came from a beach morning glory in Hawaii. Expansion of the genus Kodamaea to three species modified the existing definition of the genus only slightly. The type and isotype strains are as follows: K. nitidulidarum strains UFMG96-272T (h+; CBS 8491T) and UFMG96-394I (h-; CBS 8492I); Candida restingae UFMG96-276T (CBS 8493T); K. anthophila strains UWO(PS)95-602.1T (h+; CBS 8494T), UWO(PS)91-893.2I (h-; CBS 8495I) and UWO(PS)95-725.1I (h-; CBS 8496I). (+info)

Embryonal feather growth in the chicken. (7/10657)

Prenatal feather growth development in the chicken was studied in 7 body regions in HH stages 27-45, using direct measurements, specific histological and immunohistochemical methods, and scanning electron microscopy. The results from measurements of absolute length values, and, particularly, growth rate development in each HH stage revealed a distinct phase of most intensive growth in HH stage 40-41, which was preceded by feather follicle insertion and accompanied by the occurrence of alpha-keratins in barbule cells. Specific regional evaluation demonstrated that growth in the feather follicles of abdominal skin generally showed the slowest progression from absolute values and that in the feather filaments of the developing wings the most rapid progression occurred during HH stage 40-41 from growth rate values. (+info)

Activation of G12/G13 results in shape change and Rho/Rho-kinase-mediated myosin light chain phosphorylation in mouse platelets. (8/10657)

Platelets respond to various stimuli with rapid changes in shape followed by aggregation and secretion of their granule contents. Platelets lacking the alpha-subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein Gq do not aggregate and degranulate but still undergo shape change after activation through thromboxane-A2 (TXA2) or thrombin receptors. In contrast to thrombin, the TXA2 mimetic U46619 led to the selective activation of G12 and G13 in Galphaq-deficient platelets indicating that these G proteins mediate TXA2 receptor-induced shape change. TXA2 receptor-mediated activation of G12/G13 resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of pp72(syk) and stimulation of pp60(c-src) as well as in phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) in Galphaq-deficient platelets. Both MLC phosphorylation and shape change induced through G12/G13 in the absence of Galphaq were inhibited by the C3 exoenzyme from Clostridium botulinum, by the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and by cAMP-analogue Sp-5,6-DCl-cBIMPS. These data indicate that G12/G13 couple receptors to tyrosine kinases as well as to the Rho/Rho-kinase-mediated regulation of MLC phosphorylation. We provide evidence that G12/G13-mediated Rho/Rho-kinase-dependent regulation of MLC phosphorylation participates in receptor-induced platelet shape change. (+info)

McMullan, D. (1995). "Scanning electron microscopy 1928-1965". Scanning. 17 (3): 175-185. doi:10.1002/sca.4950170309. Seiler, H ... The setup simply consists of scanning electron microscopy machine always works in ultra-high vacuum that regarding on electron ... Scanning electron microscopy is a powerful technique to give full reliable mapping of sample surface topography and material ... "US Patent for Scanning electron microscopy by photovoltage contrast imaging Patent (Patent # 4,902,967 issued February 20, 1990 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafast_scanning_electron_microscopy

Confocal microscopy Confocal laser scanning microscopy Electron microscopy Scanning electron microscope Scanning transmission ... as in other scanning microscopy techniques, such as scanning transmission electron microscopy or scanning electron microscopy. ... Scanning confocal electron microscopy (SCEM) is an electron microscopy technique analogous to scanning confocal optical ... electron microscopy Transmission electron microscopy Zaluzec, N.J. (2003) "Scanning confocal electron microscope" U.S. Patent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_confocal_electron_microscopy

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM ... High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) Scanning confocal electron microscopy (SCEM) ... "Optimizing the environment for sub-0.2 nm scanning transmission electron microscopy". Journal of Electron Microscopy. 50 (3): ... Ophus, Colin (June 2019). "Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (4D-STEM): From Scanning Nanodiffraction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_transmission_electron_microscopy

Scanning confocal electron microscopy (SCEM) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) Detectors for transmission electron microscopy ... 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM) is a subset of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) which ... Electron beam induced deposition Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) Energy ... "Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) for Conventional Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)". Journal of Electron Microscopy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4D_scanning_transmission_electron_microscopy

... is a method to generate high resolution three-dimensional images from small ... One of the first applications of serial block-face scanning electron microscopy was to analyze the connectivity of axons in the ... Practical serial block-face scanning electron microscopy was invented in 2004 by Winfried Denk at the Max-Planck-Institute in ... Many different samples can be prepared for serial block-face scanning electron microscopy and the ultramicrotome is able to cut ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_block-face_scanning_electron_microscopy

... transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM ... Danilatos, G.D.; Robinson, V.N.E. (1979). "Principles of scanning electron microscopy at high specimen pressures". Scanning. 18 ... with electron microscopy has been a wish ever since the early days of electron microscopy but technical difficulties prevented ... The oldest open system that gained widespread usage was environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) of liquid samples on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-Phase_Electron_Microscopy

Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS): Uses an electronic beam to scan the surface of a ... n.d.). Scanning electron microscopy. Retrieved April 19, 2014. CAMEO. (2014). Chromatography. Retrieved April 19, 2014. CAMEO ... n.d.). SEM/EDS: Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-ray microanalysis. Archived 2014-06-08 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_scientist

"Hot Electron". SCALE Lab. 10 June 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2022. "Scanning Probe Microscopy". SCALE Lab. 10 June 2014. Retrieved ... There are four primary research topics at SCALE Lab; surface chemistry, nanocatalysis, hot electron, and scanning probe ... "빛이 전기로 활발히 전환되는 '핫스팟' 찾았다-나노미터 수준에서 핫전자(hot electron) 거동 관찰…고효율 에너지 소자 응용 기대". Naver (in Korean). 29 January 2019. Retrieved 2 ... Park, Jeong Young; Baker, L. Robert; Somorjai, Gábor A. (22 April 2015). "Role of hot electrons and metal-oxide interfaces in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Jeong_Young

"Thermal characteristics of submicron vias studied by scanning Joule expansion microscopy". IEEE Electron Device Letters. 21: ... In microscopy, scanning joule expansion microscopy (SJEM) is a form of scanning probe microscopy heavily based on atomic force ... Scanning joule expansion microscopy is based on the contact operation model of atomic force microscopy. During the operation, ... Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy has been used to measure the local heat dissipation of an in-plane gate (IPG) transistor to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_joule_expansion_microscopy

1995). "Thermal detection of device failure by atomic force microscopy". IEEE Electron Device Letters. 16 (7): 312-315. Bibcode ... Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that maps the local temperature and thermal ... Majumdar A. Scanning thermal microscopy. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. (1999). "Scanning thermal microscopy". Annual Review of ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scanning thermal microscopy. SThM tutorial SThM-FMR technique SThM designs (CS1 maint: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_thermal_microscopy

Levi-Setti, R. (1974). "Proton scanning microscopy: feasibility and promise". Scanning Electron Microscopy: 125. W. H. Escovitz ... FIB systems operate in a similar fashion to a scanning electron microscope (SEM) except, rather than a beam of electrons and as ... The same protocol used for preparing samples to transmission electron microscopy can also be used to select a micro area of a ... A FIB setup is a scientific instrument that resembles a scanning electron microscope (SEM). However, while the SEM uses a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focused_ion_beam

Typical visual inspection methods are: scanning optical microscopy (SOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pico-second ... "Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)". University of Wyoming. Zeng Gong and Marc X. Makkes "Hardware Trojan side-channels based ... Then, the engineer repeatedly scans the surface while grinding the layers of the chip. There are several operations to scan the ... The signature may consist of any number of data outputs from the chip: an entire scan chain or intermediate data result. In a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_Trojan

Microscopy Microanalysis Microstructures. 5: 31-40. doi:10.1051/mmm:019940050103100. (Scanning probe microscopy, American ... Ballistic electron emission microscopy or BEEM is a technique for studying ballistic electron transport through a variety of ... BEEM is a three terminal scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) technique that was invented in 1988 at the Jet Propulsion ... Bell, L. D.; Kaiser, W. J. (1996). "Ballistic-Electron-Emission Microscopy: A Nanometer-Scale Probe of Interfaces and Carrier ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_electron_emission_microscopy

Low-voltage electron microscopy (LVEM) Precession electron diffraction Scanning confocal electron microscopy "Viruses". users. ... Electron microscope Cryo-electron microscopy Electron diffraction Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) Energy filtered ... Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen ... "A Pixel Array Detector for Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy". Microscopy and Microanalysis. 14 (S2): 806-807. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy

Leamy, H. J. (1982). "Charge collection scanning electron microscopy". Journal of Applied Physics. AIP Publishing. 53 (6): R51- ... is a semiconductor analysis technique performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or scanning transmission electron ... However, because the electron beam of an SEM or STEM is very small, it is scanned across the sample and variations in the ... thus delivering energy and creating electron hole pairs, and cause a current to flow. In EBIC, energetic electrons take the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_beam-induced_current

In Olsen, S.L (ed.) Scanning Electron Microscopy in Archaeology. British Archaeological Reports International Series 452. ... "A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Archaeological Dental Calculus," pp 372-385. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Brothwell

A review', Scanning electron microscopy., pp. 437-62. The anatomy of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in vertebrate skeletal muscle: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoplasmic_reticulum

McMullan, D. (1993). "Scanning Electron Microscopy: 1928-1965". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 16 March ... Scanning electron microscopes rasteri a finely focused electron beam, as in a TV set, across the studied sample to produce the ... Flegler, S.L.; Heckman, J.W. Jr.; Klomparens, K.L. (1995). Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy: An Introduction ( ... Independent electrons moving in vacuum are termed free electrons. Electrons in metals also behave as if they were free. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron

Raeusch through scanning electron microscopy". Current Science. India: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flacourtia_jangomas

... : Pioneer of Scanning Electron Microscopy The Papers of Sir Charles Oatley held at Churchill Archives Centre ... Rodenburg, J.M. (1997). Electron microscopy and analysis 1997 : proceedings of the Institute of Physics Electron Microscopy and ... Ratinac, Kyle R. (2008). "Great moment 9: Scanning electron microscopy". In Ratinac, Kyle R. (ed.). 50 great moments : ... Hawkes, Peter W. (2004). Advances in imaging and electron physics: Volume 133, Sir Charles Oatley and the Scanning Electron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Oatley

Mar 4, 2020). "Absolute Structure from Scanning Electron Microscopy". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 4065. Bibcode:2020NatSR.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_monosilicide

Gong, Z.; Chen, B. K.; Liu, J.; Sun, Y. (2013). "Automated nanoprobing under scanning electron microscopy". 2013 IEEE ... Commercially available nanoprobing systems are integrated into either a vacuum-based scanning electron microscope (SEM) or ... Wen Pin Lin; Hsiu Ju Chang (2010). "Physical failure analysis cases by Electron Beam Absorbed Current & Electron Beam Induced ... Scanning Capacitance, and Electrostatic Force Microscopy images. Conductive AFM provides pico-amp resolution to identify and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoprobing

... immunogold labeling has been applied to both transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as well as ... "Immunogold Labeling in Scanning Electron Microscopy". Archived from the original on 2014-02-06. Retrieved 2010-07-08. Alberts, ... As the resolution of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) increased, so too did the need for nanoparticle-sized labels such as ... The silver enhancement increases the particle size, also making scanning electron microscopy possible. In order to produce the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunogold_labelling

Guarenti, IM; Almeida HL, Jr; Leitão, AH; Rocha, NM; Silva, RM (2013). "Scanning electron microscopy of tinea nigra". Anais ... Skin surface microscopy started in 1663 by Kolhaus and was improved with the addition of immersion oil in 1878 by Ernst Abbe. ... Dermatoscopy also known as dermoscopy or epiluminescence microscopy, is the examination of skin lesions with a dermatoscope. It ... Stolz, Wilhelm (1989). "Skin Surface Microscopy". The Lancet. 334 (8667): 864-865. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)93027-4. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatoscopy

Danilatos, G.D. (1988). "Foundations of Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy". Advances in Electronics and Electron ... is a Greek-Australian physicist and inventor of the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). He was born in Cefalonia ... Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics. Vol. 78. Academic Press. pp. 1-102. Official website v t e v t e v t e (Articles ... after prior attempts by other workers to examine wet specimens under the electron beam. For the most part, he received ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerasimos_Danilatos

Scanning Electron Microscopy (4): 1609-1618. PMID 11539690. Ehlers, U. (1997). "Ultrastructure of the statocysts in the apodous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_examples_of_convergent_evolution

Digenea), revealed by scanning electron microscopy". Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde. 51 (1): 115-128. doi:10.1007/BF00380533. ... from the Nearctic as revealed by light and scanning electron microscopy". Zoologica Scripta. 11 (2): 87-100. doi:10.1111/j.1463 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucochloridium_variae

Scanning Electron Microscopy (4): 1609-1618. PMID 11539690. Lowe, B. (1997). "The role of Ca2+ in deflection-induced excitation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statocyst

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and SECM approach curve measurements are frequently applied to ... Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a technique within the broader class of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) that is ... electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ESTM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the interrogation of various ... Bard, Allen (2001). Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. New York: Marcel Dekker. ISBN 0-8247-0471-1. Szunerits, Sabine; Knorr ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_electrochemical_microscopy

Wartoń, A; Honigberg, BM (February 1979). "Structure of trichomonads as revealed by scanning electron microscopy". The Journal ... Tasca, Tiana; De Carli, Geraldo A. (December 2003). "Scanning electron microscopy study of Trichomonas gallinae". Veterinary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichomonas

A description of human papillomavirus (HPV) by electron microscopy was given in 1949, and HPV-DNA was identified in 1963. It ... Imaging modalities such as ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI have been used to look for alternating disease, spread of the tumor, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer

The virus particles demonstrate an amorphous surface structure when visualized using electron microscopy. Noroviruses contain a ... Translation takes place by leaky scanning and RNA termination-reinitiation. Humans and other mammals serve as the natural host ... electron microscopy on stored human stool samples identified a virus, which was given the name "Norwalk virus". Numerous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus

... brief review and role of scanning electron microscopy in diagnosis". Ultrastructural Pathology. 25 (2): 99-103. doi:10.1080/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_plait

One of the researchers explained, "…we are specialists in scanning tunneling microscopy. It allows us to see the structure of ... neodymium usually only uses three electrons as valence electrons, as afterwards the remaining 4f electrons are strongly bound: ... J Biophys Biochem Cytol 4:727-730 Watson ML (1958b) Staining of tissue sections for electron microscopy with heavy metals. J ... Uranyl acetate has been the standard contrasting agent in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for decades. However, its use ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium

In 1969 he began using a scanning electron microscope on a Life assignment to depict the body's functions. He is generally ... When he was around fifteen, he saw a documentary about Louis Pasteur that made him interested in microscopy. Within a few years ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Nilsson

In the course of development of the ESEM, the detectors previously employed in the vacuum of a scanning electron microscope ( ... of this compatibility constitutes the basis of the invention of GDD and the leap from particle physics to electron microscopy. ... Addition of those two fractions gives a charge equal to the charge of one electron. Thus by counting the electrons arriving at ... e the electron charge and ε is the ratio of the thermal (agitation and kinetic) energy of the electrons divided by the thermal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaseous_detection_device

Quantum gas microscopy techniques applied to trapped atom optical-lattice systems can even provide single-site imaging ... Because atoms can be imaged directly - something difficult to do with electrons in solids - they can be used to study effects ... Shaken optical lattices - where the phase of the lattice is modulated, causing the lattice pattern to scan back and forth - can ... which is similar to the electrons in an insulator. In the case of Fermionic atoms, if the well depth is further increased the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_lattice

Transmission electron microscopy Scanning transmission electron microscopy Dark field microscopy Otten, Max T. (1992). "High- ... 147-203, doi:10.1016/s1076-5670(00)80013-0, ISBN 9780120147557 "electron microscopy home". www.microscopy.ethz.ch. Archived ... Annular dark-field imaging is a method of mapping samples in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). These images ... Weber, Juliane (2017). Fundamental Insights into the Radium Uptake into Barite by Atom Probe Tomography and Electron Microscopy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annular_dark-field_imaging

Using scanning electron microscopy, they discovered in samples of the limestone pyramid blocks mineral compounds and air ... Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Cement Microscopy, International Cement Microscopy Association, Quebec City, Canada, May ... International Cement Microscopy Association) in 2007 and gave a paper in which he discusses Davidovits's and Barsoum's work and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Davidovits

Confocal laser scanning microscopy and Two-photon excitation microscopy make use of lasers to obtain blur-free images of thick ... This fact is exploited in several plasma acceleration techniques used for accelerating both electrons and charged ions to high ... Additional laser microscopy techniques include harmonic microscopy, four-wave mixing microscopy and interferometric microscopy ... Duarte FJ (2016). "Tunable Laser Microscopy". In Duarte FJ (ed.). Tunable Laser Applications (3rd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_laser_applications

Hawkes, Peter (2009). "Cold field emission and the scanning transmission electron microscope". Advances in Imaging and Electron ... He was also a pioneer and professor in physics and high-energy electron microscopy, and retired from teaching and research at ... The result was a visiting appointment for Strojnik at Cornell University in electron microscopy. Later Strojnik became full ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleš_Strojnik

Sublimation is important in the preparation of certain classes of biological specimens for scanning electron microscopy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor

... scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc. "Solid State Chemistry and its Applications", ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_reaction_route

... believed to be fossilized melanosomes were found in five feather samples from the specimen using scanning electron microscopy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruralispennia

... to tochilinite alteration can be seen in petrologic microscopes, scanning electron microscope, and electron microprobe ... neutron activation analysis and analytical electron microscopy". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. 36 (1): ... Kamacite is opaque and can be observed only in reflected light microscopy. It is isometric and therefore behaves isotropically ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamacite

Because an X-ray probe offers 1,000 times higher sensitivity than electron probes, the fluorescence technique is a powerful ... In spectroscopy mode, the primary X-ray beam's energy is scanned across the absorption edge of an element, providing ... Argonne National Lab advanced the state of the art by providing a hard X-ray microscopy beamline with the highest spatial ... with an accuracy 100 times higher than with standard electron diffraction. Fluorescence. Induced X-ray fluorescence reveals the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_nanoprobe

Scanning laser microscope (SLM) Structured-light scanning Non-scanning Digital holographic microscopy Because every instrument ... electron microscopy, photogrammetry and non-contact profilometers. The most common method is to use a diamond stylus ... Vertical scanning: Coherence scanning interferometry Confocal microscopy Focus variation Confocal chromatic aberration ... Confocal microscopy: this method has the advantage of high lateral resolution because of the use of a pin hole but has the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_metrology

Rabe became internationally known for his seminal scanning tunneling microscopy research on the structure, dynamics, and ... "Optimized Hole Injection with Strong Electron Acceptors at Organic-Metal Interfaces" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 95 (23): ... employing scanning probe microscopies, light, and molecularly modified graphite surfaces, which has been used to correlate ... he initiated the use of scanning tunneling microscopy for molecular monolayers, which he continued in Gerhard Wegner's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jürgen_P._Rabe

"Scanning SQUID microscopy of vortex clusters in multiband superconductors". Physical Review B. 81 (2): 020506. arXiv:1001.2199 ... In a two-band superconductor the electrons in different bands are not independently conserved thus the definition of two ... When a magnetic field is applied to these materials, superconducting electrons produce a strong current on the surface, which ... In type-II superconducting materials, however, a complicated flow of superconducting electrons can form deep in the interior of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-1.5_superconductor

... primarily based on inhibitory signals from SAC's based on an oversampled serial block-face scanning electron microscopy study ... Recent research (published March 2011) relying on serial block-face electron microscopy (SBEM) has led to identification of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_perception

... quality of a weld and for example the weld microstructure is examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. ... Scanning electron microscopy, ADC - Analog to digital converter. Welding Friction Friction welding Friction stir welding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_friction_welding

... barkeri in anaerobic mesophilic granular sludge by fluorescent In situ hybridization and confocal scanning laser microscopy". ... Jing, Zhaoqian; Hu, Yong; Niu, Qigui; Liu, Yuyu; Li, Yu-You; Wang, Xiaochang C. (June 2013). "UASB performance and electron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanosaeta_concilii

Her research has applied microscopy, and in particular environmental scanning electron microscopy to the study of both ... achievements in biological physics are strongly based on the imaginative use environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM ... She pioneered studies of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers via transmission electron microscopy, revealing the ubiquity ... ISBN 978-1-8574-3217-6. Donald, Athene (1977). Electron microscopy of grain boundary embrittled systems (PhD thesis). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athene_Donald

... excitation Coulomb gap Coulomb potential Coulomb staircase Counter-electromotive force Counter-scanned images Counter-scanning ... Core electron Core-mantle boundary Coriolis effect Coriolis field Coriolis-Stokes force Corium (nuclear reactor) Cornelis Dirk ... Chemical affinity Chemical beam epitaxy Chemical force microscopy Chemical ionization Chemical laser Chemical oxygen iodine ... Convective overturn Conventional lens Conventional superconductor Conyers Herring Coolfluid Cooling curve Cooper electron pair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_physics_articles_(C)

N.J. Zaluzec (2007). "Scanning Confocal Electron Microscopy". Microsc. Microanal. 13 (S02): 1560. doi:10.1017/S1431927607074004 ... electron spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. In addition to creating tools for science, as a researcher he also uses these ... "Submicron imaging of buried integrated circuit structures using scanning confocal electron microscopy". Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 ( ... 10.1017/S143192762101360X MMMS Home Page MSA website Argonne National Laboratory Electron Microscopy Center The Microscopy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestor_J._Zaluzec

... is often used as a coating for non-conductive materials in preparation for observation in scanning electron microscopes ... 106, 2001, 25-46 (3.5 MB PDF) Höflinger, Gisela (2013-08-28). "Brief Introduction to Coating Technology for Electron Microscopy ... One example is IrH5(PiPr3)2. The ternary hydride Mg 6Ir 2H 11 is believed to contain both the IrH4− 5 and the 18-electron IrH5 ... Synthetic isotopes heavier than 191 decay by β− decay, although 192Ir also has a minor electron capture decay path. All known ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium

... such as electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and scanning probe microscopy (NSOM, STM and AFM). SPM differs from other techniques ... Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) was described in 1984, and used in many applications since then. The combination ... IR near-field scanning optical microscopy (IR-NSOM) is a powerful spectroscopic tool because it allows subwavelength resolution ... The first mode relies on the AFM contact mode, and the second mode of operation employs a scanning thermal microscopy probe ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrational_analysis_with_scanning_probe_microscopy

... scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning SQUID microscopy. He is married to Kathryn Barr Kirtley, who received her PhD from ... His PhD topic was inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy, with Paul Hansma as his thesis advisor. He was then a Research ... He has worked in the fields of Surface Enhanced Raman scattering, light emission from tunnel junctions and electron injection ... Levi, Barbara Goss (January 1996), "Experiments Probe the Wavefunction of Electron Pairs in High-Tc Superconductors", Physics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._Kirtley

Transmission/Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy *Transmission Electron Microscopy. *Scanning Transmission Electron ... Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. With STEM, a highly-focused electron probe is raster-scanned across the material, ... on defects and interfaces using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). ... Field-emission scanning electron (SEM) and ion microscopy. Preparation of TEM and SEM samples. Fabrication of nano-structures. ...

https://www.nrel.gov/materials-science/trans-scan.html

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is becoming increasingly recognized as an important instrument for the study of portland ... The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is becoming increasingly recognized as an important instrument for the study of portland ...

https://www.astm.org/cca10126j.html

A scanning electron microscopy study Am J Pathol. 1996 Oct;149(4):1405-15. ... Scanning electron microscopy with stereo-pair imaging allowed three-dimensional visualization of the exposed templates. In ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8863687/?dopt=Abstract

... uses electrons that are reflected off the near-surface region of a sample to create an image. ... In scanning electron microscopy, the electron beam scans the sample in a raster pattern. First, electrons are generated at the ... What is SEM? Scanning Electron Microscopy Explained. By Antonis Nanakoudis 11.14.2019 Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) have ... Accelerating ScienceAdvancing Materials / Electron Microscopy 101 / What is SEM? Scanning Electron Microscopy Explained ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/what-is-sem-scanning-electron-microscopy-explained/

for Scanning Electron Microscopy A large selection of SEM specimen holders for SEMs, FESEMs, and FIB systems, which are using ... The standard 3mm TEM grid is placed in the grid holder and located under the scanning beam. The STEM image is created by the ... The longer pin allows for a larger distance from the SEM stage pin holder and therefore greatly reduces electron and X-ray ... Opening angle on the holes in the top and base is 120° to reduce electron scattering and improve X-ray collection. Overall ...

https://www.tedpella.com/SEMmod_html/SEMspecl.aspx

Scanning Electron Microscopy, CLEM, 3D imaging, STED, Expansion Microscopy Hasan, Md Mahdi Overingeniør +47 22851320 [email protected] ... Personer med emneord «Scanning Electron Microscopy» Navn. Telefon. E-post. Emneord. Hasan, Md Mahdi Head Engineer +47 22851320 ...

https://www.odont.uio.no/?vrtx=tags&tag=Scanning%20Electron%20Microscopy&resource-type=person

... from male patients with gonorrhoea were studied by use of the critical point drying technique for scanning electron microscopy ...

https://sti.bmj.com/content/51/2/83

This definition explains the meaning of Scanning Electron Microscopy and why it matters. ... What Does Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Mean?. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a kind of electron microscope that ... Corrosionpedia Explains Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Scanning electron microscopy uses a focused beam of high-energy ... The electron beam is usually scanned in a raster scan pattern, and the beams position is joined with the detected signal to ...

https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/1008/scanning-electron-microscopy-sem

"Fundamentals of 4D Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy". Gabriel Sánchez Santolino, Departamento de Física de Materiales ... New workshop on the Fundamentals of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) Imaging and Spectroscopy ... "Nano-scale optics with fast electron spectroscopies". Luiz Galvao Tizei, CNRS researcher at the Laboratory Physique des Solides ... "The study of dynamic processes in solution and solid-liquid interfaces inside an electron microscope".. Patricia Abellán Baeza ...

https://icmab.es/new-workshop-on-the-fundamentals-of-scanning-transmission-electron-microscopy-stem-imaging-and-spectroscopy

Measuring nanometre-scale electric fields in scanning transmission electron microscopy using segmented detectors. ...

https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/measuring-nanometre-scale-electric-fields-in-scanning-transmissio/projects/?status=FINISHED&ordering=statusStartDate&descending=true

Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of numerous bacterial cells dispersed in the affected gill tissues. ... Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of numerous bacterial cells dispersed in the affected gill tissues. Most of ... Molecular characterization, virulence profiling, antibiotic susceptibility, and scanning electron microscopy of Flavobacterium ...

http://www.worldfishcenter.org/publication/molecular-characterization-virulence-profiling-antibiotic-susceptibility-and-scanning

Scanning-electron microscopy observations on the family of the Spinturnicidae (Acarina, Mesostigmata). III Ultrastructure of ... scanning electron microscopy. Abstract. Observations en microscopie electronique a balayage sur la famille des Spinturnicidae ( ... Scanning-electron microscopy observations on the family of the Spinturnicidae (Acarina, Mesostigmata). III Ultrastructure of ... This work is the third exclusively on the morphology of the mites of the family Spinturnicidae with Scanning; this time on the ...

https://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/article.php?id=2644

A surface characterisation and microstructural study by scanning electron microscopy of the N-methyl-n-alkylpyrrolidinium ... A surface characterisation and microstructural study by scanning electron microscopy of the N-methyl-n-alkylpyrrolidinium ... A surface characterisation and microstructural study by scanning electron microscopy of the N-methyl-n-alkylpyrrolidinium ... charging due to electron beam irradiation, and air-sensitivity were overcome with the use of a Field Emission SEM and cryostage ...

https://dro.deakin.edu.au/articles/journal_contribution/A_surface_characterisation_and_microstructural_study_by_scanning_electron_microscopy_of_the_N-methyl-n-alkylpyrrolidinium_tetrafluoroborate_organic_salts/21024274

Zaman, V. (1987-03). Scanning electron microscopy of helminth ova.. The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public ...

https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/133632

Scanning Electron Microscopy * Publication Venue For. * Microprobe analysis in human pathology.. 659-680. 1985 ... Carbohydrate cytochemistry by transmission and scanning electron microscopy.. 1827-1834. 1983 * Three-dimensional configuration ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/jou0586-5581

... and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (reference method) were compared. The results showed that the VSSA can robustly identify ... One example of how the latter can be obtained is by the electron microscopy (EM) method. However, this method is not widely ... X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy methods Claire Dazon 1 Olivier Witschger 1 Sébastien Bau 1 Vanessa Fierro 2 ... and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (reference method) were compared. The results showed that the VSSA can robustly identify ...

https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-03042208

Count on EAGs years of expertise with Scanning Electron Microscopy, or SEM high-resolution and high depth-of-field images of ... Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) provides high-resolution and high-depth-of-field images ... Scanning Electron Microscopy Technical Specifications. *Signals Detected: Secondary and backscattered electrons and X-rays, ... Ideal Uses of Scanning Electron Microscopy. *High-resolution surface topography images. *Elemental microanalysis and particle ...

https://www.eag.com/techniques/imaging/scanning-electron-microscopy-sem/

Hatice Hasturk, Daniel Huy Nguyen, Homa Sherzai, Xiaoping Song, Nikos Soukos, Felicitas B. Bidlack and Thomas E. Van Dyke ...

https://jdh.adha.org/keyword/scanning-electron-microscopy

Electron Microscopy Laboratory. The core competencies of the electron microscopy laboratory lie in the investigation of ... High resolution field emission scanning electron microscope with various detectors (secondary electron, backscattering electron ... Material characterisation by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (e.g. microstructure assessment, phase composition) ... Scanning electron microscope with LaB6 cathode and low pressure mode (also suitable for analysis of non-conducting and ...

https://www.mcl.at/en/services/materials-component-analysis/electron-microscopy-laboratory/

Applications of automated scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) for inhalable drug products. ... Applications of automated scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) for inhalable drug products ...

https://www.inhalationmag.com/article/applications-automated-scanning-electron-microscopy-energy-dispersive-spectroscopy-sem-eds-inhalable-drug-products/

Ellingham, S. T. D., Thompson, T. J. U., & Islam, M. (2017). Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (SEM/EDX): A ... T1 - Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (SEM/EDX). T2 - A Rapid Diagnostic Tool to Aid the Identification of ... Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (SEM/EDX): A Rapid Diagnostic Tool to Aid the Identification of Burnt Bone ... Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (SEM/EDX): A Rapid Diagnostic Tool to Aid the Identification of Burnt Bone ...

https://research.tees.ac.uk/en/publications/scanning-electron-microscopyenergy-dispersive-x-ray-semedx-a-rapi

Scanning electron microscopy. The teeth of 8-week-old Smoc2−/− mutants and respective controls dissected from alveolar bone ... Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed irregular alignments and reduced compaction of enamel crystals in Smoc2−/− mutants ... A HUMMER JR sputtering device was used to coat teeth with gold-palladium (Technics, CA, USA). Scanning electron microscopy was ... Scanning electron microscope (SEM) views of WT (B) and Smoc2−/− (D) incisors. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-71749-6?error=cookies_not_supported&code=55be3a3e-d4cc-4483-bef6-a9d2ebbf48af

Dive into the research topics of Renal basement membranes by ultrahigh resolution scanning electron microscopy. Together they ...

https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/renal-basement-membranes-by-ultrahigh-resolution-scanning-electro/fingerprints/

Freeze-drying and scanning electron microscopy of setting dental gypsum. In: Dental Materials. 1995 ; Vol. 11, No. 4. pp. 226- ... Freeze-drying and scanning electron microscopy of setting dental gypsum. Mark M. Winkler, Peter Monaghan, Jeremy L. Gilbert, ... Freeze-drying and scanning electron microscopy of setting dental gypsum. Dental Materials. 1995 Jul;11(4):226-230. doi: 10.1016 ... Freeze-drying and scanning electron microscopy of setting dental gypsum. / Winkler, Mark M.; Monaghan, Peter; Gilbert, Jeremy L ...

https://experts.syr.edu/en/publications/freeze-drying-and-scanning-electron-microscopy-of-setting-dental-

Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the recovered parasite belongs to Postorchigenes sp ... Study on house lizard (Hemidactylus flaviviridis) trematode by scanning electron microscopy from different localities of Aizawl ... Study on house lizard (Hemidactylus flaviviridis) trematode by scanning electron microscopy from different localities of Aizawl ...

https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/?year=2017&vol=5&issue=2&ArticleId=1592

Scanning electron microscopy is a technique for imaging with up to 800,000X magnification. This is achieved by focusing a beam ... Scanning electron microscopy is typically used to image inorganic material, but it can also be used to image biological matter ... Learn various procedures for preparing biological samples for scanning electron microscopy.. Charging. Learn the basics of ... The resolution of a scanning electron microscopy is approximately 5 [nm]. This sample was thinned using a focused ion beam in ...

https://uhnf.egr.uh.edu/microscopy/scanning-electron-microscopy/

Home / Activity Sectors / Plastics / Polymers / Scanning Electron Microscopy. Scanning Electron Microscopy. Showing the single ...

https://gravimeta.pt/en/categoria-produto/activity-sectors/plastics-polymers/microscopy-plastics-polymers/

... is an imaging technique that is used to produce high resolution surface images of a sample. ... The electron beam is raster across the sample and secondary electrons and back scatter electrons can be observed to form the ... In SEM, the sample is bombarded with electrons from an electron gun. ... Home > Chemical > Technology > Microscopy > Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). #dnn_mriBreadcrumbs_pnlMain p { font-size: 12px ...

https://www.cbrnetechindex.com/Chemical-Detection/Technology-CD/Microscopy-CD-T/Scanning-Electron-Microscopy-CD-M

Scanning electron microscopy. Polypropylene nonwoven fabric was examined through SEM (Hitachi S-4800) before and after plasma ... Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the surface morphology of the substrate. It is evident from the capillary flow ... a) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the untreated polypropylene fabric. (b) SEM image of the plasma treated ... As is evident from the scanning electron micrograph (Figure 6(b)), there is some displacement of individual filaments as well ...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1528083712464257

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). An additional set of plants were collected from the sample sites in Shark Bay in November ... FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the root hair zone of three seagrass species, Halophila ovalis, Halodule ... 2016 for examination of natural microbial colonization on roots using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For these samples, ... and the scientific and technical assistance of the Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility at the Centre for ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02667/full

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is becoming increasingly recognized as an important instrument for the study of portland cement clinker, cement, and concrete. (astm.org)
Since the wavelength of electrons is much smaller than that of light, the resolution of SEMs is superior to that of a light microscope. (thermofisher.com)
Like all components of an electron microscope, the electron source is sealed inside a special chamber to preserve vacuum and protect it against contamination, vibrations, and noise. (thermofisher.com)
As electrons are very sensitive to magnetic fields, their path inside the microscope column can be controlled by these electromagnetic lenses simply by adjusting the current that is applied to them. (thermofisher.com)
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a kind of electron microscope that produces images of a specimen by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons. (corrosionpedia.com)
All of these advantages make the scanning electron microscope one of the most useful instruments in modern research. (corrosionpedia.com)
Water was immediately removed by freeze-drying the specimen to prevent any further reaction so that the specimen could be returned to room temperature for examination in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). (syr.edu)
This sample was thinned using a focused ion beam in order to image it in a transmission electron microscope which can resolve atoms. (uh.edu)
This document is the standard operating procedure (SOP) for the FEI XL-30 scanning electron microscope at UHNF. (uh.edu)
The field emission scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM 7100 FT FE-SEM) at Microtrace provides a new level of resolution and intensity over a conventional SEM . (microtrace.com)
Ultimately, this instrument provides the highest microanalysis resolution of any instrument in our laboratory, with the exception of the transmission electron microscope . (microtrace.com)
The Thermo Scientific Phenom ParticleX Desktop SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) is a multi-purpose desktop SEM designed for multiple applications at the microscale: additive manufacturing, technical cleanliness, steel manufacturing QC, batteries and energy storage, and gunshot residue analysis. (thermofisher.cn)
It is a good time to be in the market for a scanning electron microscope (SEM): new products and new accessories are launched every year and there are many levels of performance to choose from. (thermofisher.cn)
The Thermo Scientific Phenom Pro(X) G6 Desktop SEM is a robust, versatile, and effortless desktop scanning electron microscope designed to expand the capabilities of research facilities. (thermofisher.cn)
For service purposes a field emission scanning electron microscope and a conventional scanning electron microscope with modern EDX system and 3d backscatter electron detector are available. (tu-dresden.de)
The gaps at the material/ dentin interface were measured using scanning electron microscope (SEM). (bvsalud.org)
The objective of the present study is to find a fast and accurate procedure to measure the length and width of asbestos fibers using images acquired by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a phase-contrast microscope (PCM), and a polarized light microscope (PLM). (cdc.gov)
The high energy (kilo-electron volt range) electron beam of an electron microscope is one way of exciting these characteristic X-rays from a material. (strath.ac.uk)
It is possible to mount the required detectors in either a scanning or transmission electron microscope (SEM or TEM), or to use a dedicated instrument, the electron probe micro-analyser (EPMA). (strath.ac.uk)
The Grand Prize Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Image award was given to Lita Duraine, a certified electron microscopist at Baylor College of Medicine in Baylor, Texas. (labbulletin.com)
The Grand Prize Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Image award was given to Flávio Loureiro, an engineer working in the laboratories of a Vallourec Group's plant located in Brazil. (labbulletin.com)

Our microscopes are equipped to perform diffraction contrast, higher-resolution phase-contrast microscopy, high-angle annular dark-field microscopy, nanodiffraction, convergent beam electron diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. (nrel.gov)
This instrument is also equipped with a GIF that enables electron energy loss spectroscopy and elemental mapping for a wide range of elements and energy-filtered electron diffraction and imaging, and an EDS system for compositional analysis and elemental mapping with high spatial resolution. (nrel.gov)
During this workshop, the fundamentals of STEM, basic and advanced STEM imaging (HAADF, ABF, iDPC, and 4D STEM) as well as acquisition and analysis of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) data. (icmab.es)
Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) scans a sample with an electron beam, and the resulting backscatter produces an ultra-high magnification image of the sample along with an elemental map of the viewed surface. (conservation-wiki.com)
X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), photoluminescence (PL), kinetics of luminescence decay and magnetic studies were used to characterize the structural, optical and magnetic properties of these nanospheres. (ias.ac.in)
Ten exoskeleton specimens were studied, and experimental analyses were performed using laboratory techniques including scanning electron microscopy and electron diffraction spectroscopy, revealing details about the structure and chemical composition. (phys.org)
Methods: Asbestos was identified using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. (bvsalud.org)

Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) have become powerful and versatile tools for material characterization, especially in recent years, as the size of materials used in various applications continues to shrink. (thermofisher.com)
Equivalent particle sizes determined by the VSSA, X-ray diffraction (XRD) (another method giving access to an equivalent particle size and integrated into our characterization methodology) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (reference method) were compared. (univ-lorraine.fr)
Characterization of a nano-aerosol using a portable scanning mobility particle sizer and electron microscopy. (cdc.gov)

The magnified signal may be observed by electron diffraction, amplitude-contrast imaging such as diffraction contrast, or phase-contrast imaging such as high resolution TEM. (nrel.gov)
Transmission electron diffraction patterns help to determine the crystallographic structure of a material. (nrel.gov)
Electron diffraction is used to determine the crystallographic structure of materials on a fine scale. (nrel.gov)
The deformation and fracture mechanisms were studied based on microstructure observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). (mpie.de)

The instrument is equipped with an energy filtered secondary electron detector, a short working distance backscatter electron detector which enables working at low voltages, and a through the lens detectors, which can be used individually or in concert to provide numerous types of image contrast. (microtrace.com)

This is achieved by focusing a beam of electrons into a tiny spot and scanning the beam across a sample. (uh.edu)
A focused beam of electrons sweeps across a sample surface and an image is created from the scattered electrons. (microvisionlabs.com)

Electron microscopes use electrons for imaging in a similar way that light microscopes use visible light. (thermofisher.com)
Unlike transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), which detect electrons that pass through a very thin specimen, SEMs use the electrons that are reflected or knocked off the near-surface region of a sample to create an image. (thermofisher.com)
In a similar way to optical microscopes, lenses are used to control the path of the electrons. (thermofisher.com)
In many microscopes, detection of X-rays generated from the electron-matter interaction is also widely used to perform elemental analysis of the sample. (thermofisher.com)
Since the introduction of electron microscopes in the 1930s, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has developed into a critical tool within numerous different research fields, spanning everything from materials science to forensics to industrial manufacturing. (thermofisher.cn)
Scanning electron microscopes in forensic and crime laboratories play many roles, including gunshot residue analysis (GSR) used to determine the chemistry of particles collected from firearm suspects. (thermofisher.cn)
Scanning Electron Microscopes are found in many types of Micro-Electronic research, development and quality control. (nanoimages.com)
AMOBIO provides the highest quality service for sample preparation to be viewed under transmission electron (TEM) and scanning microscopes (SEM). (szn.it)

Excellent knowledge of Image Analysis software applied to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy. (ior.it)

A type of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY in which the object is examined directly by an extremely narrow electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point and using the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen to create the image. (childrensmercy.org)
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. (bvsalud.org)
The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. (bvsalud.org)
Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY . (bvsalud.org)

The synthetic process and resulting organo-silica particles were characterized using silicon NMR, scanning electron microscopy techniques, and fluorescence microscopy. (monash.edu)

We combine scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to detect, pattern, and study the morphology of the graphitic layers on different substrate materials. (dpg-verhandlungen.de)

FEI 200 kV field emitting gun F20 UT ultra-high resolution STEM fitted with a high-angle angular dark field STEM detector for high-resolution (~0.14 nm) STEM Z-contrast microscopy. (nrel.gov)
Electron capture detector. (cdc.gov)

Microautoradiography, a photographic method that shows the localization of substances labelled with radioactive isotope, and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) were combined to enhance sensitivity, resolution and reliability for examination of the distribution of introduced substances in wood. (irg-wp.com)

The core competencies of the electron microscopy laboratory lie in the investigation of material and fracture surfaces by means of high resolution scanning electron microscopic methods. (mcl.at)

Four different types of images were used in the evaluation: (1) backscattered electron SEM images of fibrous tremolite, (2) secondary electron SEM images of fibrous grunerite, (3) PCM images of fibrous grunerite, and (4) PLM images of fibrous grunerite. (cdc.gov)

NREL investigates the structure and chemistry of materials with particular emphasis on defects and interfaces using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). (nrel.gov)
With STEM , a highly-focused electron probe is raster-scanned across the material, and various types of scattering are collected as a function of position. (nrel.gov)
The microstructures in the sintered and in the deformed materials were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). (bournemouth.ac.uk)

Objective: Portable scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPS) offer convenient means to collect information about nano-sized aerosols because they provide real-time distributions. (cdc.gov)

These provide a full suite of microscopy services for all of your analytical needs. (microvisionlabs.com)

Scanning electron microscopy with stereo-pair imaging allowed three-dimensional visualization of the exposed templates. (nih.gov)
In the case of an SEM, the two types of electrons used for imaging are backscattered (BSE) and secondary electrons (SE). (thermofisher.com)
Scanning electron microscopy is a technique for imaging with up to 800,000X magnification. (uh.edu)
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an imaging technique that is used to produce high resolution surface images of a sample. (cbrnetechindex.com)
The electron beam allows for the accurate imaging of features below the resolution limit of visible light. (microvisionlabs.com)
MicroVision Labs has multiple fully-operational SEMs, Bruker X-Flash EDS detectors and mapping technology , backscatter electron (BSE) imaging, and large chamber capabilities. (microvisionlabs.com)
First, we captured functional properties of the dendritic spines of neurons with live 2-photon calcium imaging, and targeting the same cell, dendrites, and spines in serial block-face scanning EM (SEM) to analyze the structural characteristics of synapses and their surroundings. (zeiss.com)

Scanning electron microscopy uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to produce a diversity of signals at the surface of solid specimens. (corrosionpedia.com)

The beam has enough energy for the electrons to be transmitted through the sample, and the transmitted or scattered electron signal is greatly magnified by a series of electromagnetic lenses. (nrel.gov)

In scanning electron microscopy, the electron beam scans the sample in a raster pattern. (thermofisher.com)
The SEM's lens system also contains scanning coils , which are used to raster the beam onto the sample. (thermofisher.com)
The electron beam is usually scanned in a raster scan pattern, and the beam's position is joined with the detected signal to produce an image. (corrosionpedia.com)
The electron beam is raster across the sample and secondary electrons and back scatter electrons can be observed to form the final image. (cbrnetechindex.com)

Scanning electron microscopy is typically used to image inorganic material, but it can also be used to image biological matter with special processing. (uh.edu)
Learn various procedures for preparing biological samples for scanning electron microscopy. (uh.edu)

The following table is a condensed listing of equipment, techniques, applications, and properties of instrumentation for Transmission/Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. (nrel.gov)

The nanoparticles were submitted to UV-Vis espectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy to confirm the stabilization. (ufrgs.br)
Furthermore, thin sections of the porous beads were successfully produced and analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. (monash.edu)

Some have even taken their desktop SEMs on the road, providing on-site electron microscopy analysis via mobile laboratories. (thermofisher.cn)

As the incoming X-ray is absorbed by the silicon, a number of electron-hole pairs is generated which is proportional to the energy of the X-ray. (strath.ac.uk)
The electrons and holes are swept to opposite sides of the silicon by an applied electric field, and are read out of the device as a pulse of charge. (strath.ac.uk)

Develop the basic knowledge and skills towards becoming a good electron microscopist. (uh.edu)

This is a video guide to preparing clostridium difficile bacteria for scanning electron microscopy. (uh.edu)
Ultrastructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy of bacteria adhering to plastic showed flagellalike structures within the bacterial clusters, suggesting that flagella are produced as the bacteria spread on the abiotic surface. (cdc.gov)

This study investigates the use of Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) as a diagnostic tool for the determination of the osseous origin of samples subjected to different temperatures. (tees.ac.uk)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by scanning electron microscopy, the apical region of premolars with a single canal, in relation to the number of apical foraminas. (bvsalud.org)
Marginal adaptation of new bioceramic materials and mineral trioxide aggregate: a scanning electron microscopy study. (bvsalud.org)

In TEM , a thin sample, typically less than 200 nanometers, is bombarded by a highly focused beam of single-energy electrons. (nrel.gov)
Generally, two types of electromagnetic lenses are used: The condenser lens is the first lens that electrons meet as they travel towards the sample. (thermofisher.com)
This lens converges the beam before the electron beam cone opens again and is converged once more by the objective lens before hitting the sample. (thermofisher.com)
The condenser lens defines the size of the electron beam (which defines the resolution), while the main role of the objective lens is to focus the beam onto the sample. (thermofisher.com)
The interaction of electrons within a sample can generate many different types of electrons, photons, or irradiations. (thermofisher.com)
BSEs belong to the primary electron beam and are reflected back after elastic interactions between the beam and the sample. (thermofisher.com)
they are a result of inelastic interactions between the electron beam and the sample. (thermofisher.com)
For the detection of BSEs, solid state detectors are placed above the sample, concentrically to the electron beam, to maximize BSE collection. (thermofisher.com)
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) provides high-resolution and high-depth-of-field images of the sample surface and near-surface. (eag.com)
The electron beam ejects secondary electrons from the surface of the sample which is collected and recorded to produce an image of the sample. (uh.edu)
An electron mirror sample was used to reflect the electron beam to image the objective lens instead of the sample. (uh.edu)
In SEM, the sample is bombarded with electrons from an electron gun. (cbrnetechindex.com)
This effectively increases resolution by maintaining higher kV in the gun & column (reduces aberrations) and accelerates secondary electrons off the sample, especially at very low accelerating voltages improving signal to noise ratio. (microtrace.com)
SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) provides detailed high resolution images of the sample by rastering a focussed electron beam across the surface and detecting secondary or backscattered electron signal. (biblaridion.info)
Electron microscopy (EM) applied to a filter sample has been considered the traditional method for the sizing and counting of small particles. (cdc.gov)

in Humans and Domestic Pets by Scanning Electron Microscopy / January 2001. (gastroscan.ru)

EAG uses SEM analysis in cases where optical microscopy cannot provide sufficient image resolution or high enough magnification. (eag.com)
The range of services of the scanning electron microsopy laboratory extends from quick standard analyses to sophisticated high resolution examinations using the latest analysis technologies available in the field of cross-beam scanning electron microscopy. (mcl.at)
The SPEs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). (uwo.ca)

Electron energy losses can be detected using a Gatan image filter (GIF) to map the compositional and electronic properties of materials. (nrel.gov)
When an inner shell electron is ejected from an atom-for example through interaction with an X-ray or high energy electron-the resultant hole left in the shell will be filled by an electron relaxing down from a higher energy state. (strath.ac.uk)
This electron must lose an amount of energy equal to the difference in energy levels, and it may do this through the emission of an X-ray. (strath.ac.uk)

Scanning-electron microscopy observations on the family of the Spinturnicidae (Acarina, Mesostigmata). (inra.fr)
Observations en microscopie electronique a balayage sur la famille des Spinturnicidae (Acarina, Mesostigmata). (inra.fr)

Meantime, it was found that electron linkers can regulate the intermolecular arrangement and crystallinity, thus affecting the blend morphology and device efficiency. (azooptics.com)
The conductor material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and adsorption and desorption of N2 with the goal of know the morphology and texture. (ufrgs.br)

Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the recovered parasite belongs to Postorchigenes sp. (entomoljournal.com)
These dinoflagellates appear similar under light microscopy and require scanning electron microscopy for definitive identification. (cdc.gov)
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is a powerful method to investigate the structure-function relationship in biology. (zeiss.com)
The investigation of materials and materials related problems is mostly based on light, electron and ion microscopy. (tugraz.at)

SEM is a powerful surface microscopy method which allows for high resolution images to be obtained on a wide range of samples. (microvisionlabs.com)

The transmitted electrons at high scattering angle can be collected to form high-resolution, chemically sensitive, atomic number (Z-) contrast images. (nrel.gov)
Besides protecting the electron source from being contaminated, vacuum also allows the user to acquire a high-resolution image. (thermofisher.com)
High vacuum also increases the collection efficiency of electrons by the detectors that are in the column. (thermofisher.com)

Images obtained by scanning electron microscopy. (webmineral.com)
Scanning electron microscopy images of the extremotolerant tardigrade, Ramazzottius varieornatus , in the hydrated condition (a) and in the dehydrated state (b), which is resistant to various physical extremes. (grisda.org)

Electron Microscopy Can Still Have a Role in the Diagnosis of Selected Inborn Errors of Metabolism. (cdc.gov)

The differential conductance is evaluated in a good agreement with the scanning tuneling microscopy measurements. (arxiv.org)

Their interaction with electrons causes the electron beam to deflect and reduces the image quality. (thermofisher.com)

JEOL USA awarded two Grand Prizes to winners of its 2020 Electron Microscopy Image Contest, and kicked off its 2021 Image Contest at the beginning of the new year. (labbulletin.com)

Anatomy41

Organisms16

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs73

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment70

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations9

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science8

Health Care2

The role of RBF in the introduction of G1 regulation during Drosophila embryogenesis. (1/10657)

The postnatal development of the alimentary canal in the opossum. I. Oesophagus. (2/10657)

Collagen fiber arrangement in canine hepatic venules. (3/10657)

Obstructive uropathy and hydronephrosis in male KK-Ay mice: a report of cases. (4/10657)

Perturbation of mammalian cell division. III. The topography and kinetics of extrusion subdivision. (5/10657)

Kodamaea nitidulidarum, Candida restingae and Kodamaea anthophila, three new related yeast species from ephemeral flowers. (6/10657)

Embryonal feather growth in the chicken. (7/10657)

Activation of G12/G13 results in shape change and Rho/Rho-kinase-mediated myosin light chain phosphorylation in mouse platelets. (8/10657)

Microscopy, Electron

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Microscopy

Electrons

Electron Transport

Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

Microscopy, Confocal

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Microscopy, Atomic Force

Microscopy, Immunoelectron

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission

Cryoelectron Microscopy

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton

Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling

Microscopy, Video

Microscopy, Phase-Contrast

Microscopy, Polarization

Microscopy, Interference

Electron Probe Microanalysis

Oxidation-Reduction

Cell Membrane

Staining and Labeling

Microscopy, Scanning Probe

Molecular Sequence Data

Freeze Fracturing

Electron Transport Complex IV

Models, Molecular

Kinetics

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Fluorescent Dyes

Electron Transport Complex III

Surface Properties

Cells, Cultured

Histocytochemistry

Immunohistochemistry

Time Factors

Protein Conformation

Cell Line

Amino Acid Sequence

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Rabbits

Cytoplasm

Gold

Microscopy, Acoustic

Mitochondria

Negative Staining

Bacterial Proteins

Particle Size

Microtomy

Cattle

Imaging, Three-Dimensional

Escherichia coli

Protein Binding

Microscopy, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron

Light

X-Ray Diffraction

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Cell Nucleus

Membrane Proteins

Cytoplasmic Granules

Freeze Etching

Histological Techniques

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Temperature

Epithelium

Photosynthesis

Actins

Organoids

Mutation

Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins

Models, Biological

Oxidoreductases

Spectrophotometry

Corrosion Casting

Electron Transport Complex I

Microtubules

Nanotechnology

Cytochrome c Group

Cryoultramicrotomy